KINETIC ARCHITECTURE: Response Systems For Intensive Cities

YANIV HATIEL

KINETIC ARCHITECTURE Response Systems For Intensive Cities Final Project, M.Arch. Technion The Facolty of Architecture and Town Planing

KINETIC ARCHITECTURE Response Systems For Intensive Cities Yaniv Hatiel Instructors Arch. David Robins Dr. Arch. Dikla Yizhar Arch. Tom Shaked

CONTENTS 01. Abstract 02. Theoretical Framework

Kinetic architecture in the past and present

03. Analysis

Tel Aviv | unused spaces analysis

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04. Kinetic Cities

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05. Methodology

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06. Application

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07. Implementation

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08. Conclusions

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09. Bibliography

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Response systems for intensive cities

Review mechanisms, tools and methods Dvelopment of the foundational components

response systems for intensive cities

01

Abstract

Responsive Systems For Intensive Cities In the last two decades there has been a rapid technological development ,which has brought about a fundamental change in our way of life, the pace at which we move in space and the rapid development of cities. Despite the breakthroughs in many areas, the buildings and the public space that they define were almost unaffected.

01

Abstract

Responsive Systems For Intensive Cities In the last two decades there has been a rapid technological development ,which has brought about a fundamental change in our way of life, the pace at which we move in space and the rapid development of cities. Despite the breakthroughs in many areas, the buildings and the public space that they define were almost unaffected.

According to an analysis performed

by OMA cities should be able to adapt to the 21st century life by �[...] largest variety of events with a minimal amount of permanent definition.�

The intensitivity of the occupation of buildings changes over the day and depends on the programs.

This leads to unused spaces at certain hours. for instance, the Yokohama city central wholesale market is empty during the evening until the early morning. this phenomena happens with all kinds of buildings and public space in our cities.

Nowadays, in the middle of robotics revolution, responsive architecture in a big scale can react to people’s daily rhythms.

Another change in society that influences our life is the the big amount of data that are collected of people constantly.

This gives the possibility to track 07

Fig 1. plan of dwelling intensive system Abstract

people’s decisions in their everyday lives.

Responsive architecture combined with Big Data can allow us to design responsive space that changes its program constantly in reaction to people’s rhythms and response to economic,politics and social change in the technological age.

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Abstract

02

Theoretical Framework

Responsive Systems For Intensive Cities During the year the effects of kinetic architecture and its potential were studied in various spaces in the city.

By applying kinetic architecture in these spaces, they can react to the social, political and economic hanges in the society.

02

Theoretical Framework

Kinetic architecture in the past and present

Fig 2. Fun Palace | Cedric Price 11

Theoretical Framework

Fig 3. Plug-In city | Peter Cook 12

The discussion about dynamic architecture was already started in the 60s by the archigram group with the radical project called the walking city. In the 70's did Cedric Price plan an entire kinetic public space with his project called "Fun Palace". This space allowed people to physically adjust the space for various activities Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework

Kinetic architecture in the past and present

Fig 4. The walking city | Archigram

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Theoretical Framework

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Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework

Kinetic architecture in the past and present

Fig 4. CJ R&D Center Kinetic Facade

Fig 5. The Shed | Diller Scofidio + Renfro Designs 15

Theoretical Framework

Fig 6. CJ R&D Center Kinetic Facade 16

Today, more than 50 years later, we are at the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and ideas of dynamic architecture are getting new meanings. Cultural, social and political.

Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework

Kinetic architecture in the past and present Despite the developed technology, most of the buildings we know are characterized by inflexibility. Life changes but space remains constant. A diagram of the OMA Office presents an analysis of the occupation of public spaces. This analysis shows that the amount of people using the building changes during the day depending on different programs if we can plan spaces for the hours of inactivity, we can adjust them to a variety of programs.

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Theoretical Framework

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Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework

Kinetic architecture in the past and present

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Theoretical Framework

”[...] largest variety of events with a minimal amount of permanent definition...create a 24-hour “peak” composed of a mosaic of heterogeneous 21st-century life” "[...] the peak hours of the market fall in the early morning, we proposes a complementary spectrum of events, which would exploit to the maximum the location and its existing infrastructure, to create a 24hour "peak" composed of a mosaic of heterogeneous 21st century life. " (OMA 2016)

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Theoretical Framework

03

Analysis

Tel Aviv | unused spaces analysis If we expand the same phenomenon defined by Ram Kolhas in the city of Tel Aviv, we will find many residential and public spaces that remain widely unused during the day.

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Analysis

Tel Aviv | unused spaces analysis If the same phenomenon defined by Ram Kolhas is applied to the city of Tel Aviv many residential and public spaces that remain unusde during the day can be found.

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Analysis

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Analysis

Analysis

Tel Aviv | unused spaces analysis The residential buildings, for example, are populated by different tenants, singles, partners, couples, all of whom have a different daily ryhtm. Common to all, however, is that they do not use their apartment for about a third of the time. Furthermore, they use only part of their space throughout the day and the night. Especially at night most of their space remains unused. During workdays this sums up to 66% unused space.

Typical building apartment Unused spaces between 08:00 - 10:00 25

Analysis

00:00 - 08:00

10:00 - 18:00

Unused area of typical topology [working day[

Total area (sqm2( 26

Unused area (sqm2( Analysis

Analysis

Tel Aviv | unused spaces analysis Like private spaces also public spaces today are rigid and unable to respond to frequent changes. Rabin Square, for instance, allows citizens freedom of expression by being empty. This freedom of expression is a very important value in our society. On the other hand, Rabin Square represents a space that remains mostly unused and is therefore not efficient in a time and a society that is lacking space The square area is 17,000 square meters with a full occupancy of 34,000 people If we

spread the number of square users during a given year compared to the square capacity, 95% of the area seems to be unused.

Rabin squar, Tel Aviv, Israel 27

Analysis

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Analysis

04

Kinetic Cities

Response systems for intensive cities If we know how to design those spaces for hours of inactivity, we can use space more efficiently intensive cities where space is one of the most valuable ressources.

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Kinetic Cities

Response systems for intensive cities In the time frame in which residential buildings are not used, we can look at these buildings as one unit. By doing so, we can take advantage of the existing staircases and allow the establishment of temporary spaces

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Kinetic Cities

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Kinetic Cities

Kinetic Cities

Response systems for intensive cities Apart from spatial efficiency, space saving, and planning flexibility, kinetic architecture can enable the democratic management of spaces. This can be realized by using digital tools and by giving different social groups physical spatial expression. This is an opportunity to create spaces that change physically depending on the time and the user's preferences.

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Analysis

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Analysis

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Kinetic Cities

Response systems for intensive cities In the time frame in which residential buildings are not used, we can look at these buildings as one unit. By doing so, we can take advantage of the existing staircases and allow the establishment of temporary spaces

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Kinetic Cities

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Kinetic Cities

05

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods In order to examine how to implement these ideas and reach a variety of kinetic spaces, various mechanisms have been reviewed and adapted. Simultaneously, tools and methods for evaluating the results were developed.

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods

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Methodology

To examine how these ideas can be applied.

I have reviewed mechanisms of deployable structures.

The mechanisms have been categorized into basic elements that define dynamic space. structure , skin, and mechanism. the rigid origami can be used as a skin. it allows hard elements to fold and unfold. a pantograph can be used as a structure that expands and shrinks. Inflatable structures

can be used for all of the three categories the thin membrane,can serve as a skin because the entire space is constantly inflated. The inflatable membran can serve as a structure by inflating air under different pressure according to the load of the space. The inflatable mechanism from the field of soft robotics, Combines movement and stiffness in the same time.

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Methodology

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods

This project focused on the pentographic mechanism which can serve as a structure of the building. After reviewing existing ten fold engineering mechanisms and mapping them according to action movements, first experiments were made to create pantograph-based structures.

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Methodology

Axis X | Axis Z | Rotation | Ten Fold Engineering Š

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Methodology

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods This physical model examines the idea of creating a single structure that varies according to different programs.

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Methodology

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Methodology

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods

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Analysis

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Analysis

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods

During the process, questions were asked about the relationship between space mechanisms and used space. These questions were examined using various developed tools.

One of them allows forming the space according to predefined parameters. In this case the parameters were mechanism movement,

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Methodology

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Methodology

Methodology

Review mechanisms, tools and methods

Weight (kg) [29.2] Num of steel segment [10] Steel seg stretch [640.7 cm] Ave

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Methodology

gment length [300 cm] Min string lenght [760.6 cm] Max string erage string strech [682.6 cm]

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Methodology

05

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components To create environments that meet the daily needs, the mega-structures were designed to be part of a kinetic modular system. A system that can create continuous spaces.

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components

The system is based on the previous mappings and enables the creation of variable continuous spaces with a wide range of use.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components Each component contains a surface and a mechanism in linear, rotational or folding motion.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components A variety of possibilities for propelling a horizontal surface that can be used in various different ways. For instance as a ramp, a wall or a stage.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components A variety of possibilities for propelling a horizontal surface that can be used in various different ways. For instance as a ramp, a wall or a stage.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components A secondary subdivision of the same component allows to increase the range of variability in steps.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components A secondary subdivision of the same component allows to increase the range of variability in steps.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components A secondary subdivision of the same component allows to increase the range of variability in steps.

Replacement of surface type

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components

A temporary construction mechanism.

The mechanism moves the surface to a specific location in the space and returns to his base posotion

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components Human activity has always accompanied the construction of components, and every movement of the surface allows different uses.

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Application

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Application

Application

Dvelopment of the foundational components A secondary subdivision of the same component allows to increase the range of variability in steps.

Human activity has always accompanied movement of the surfa

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Application

d the construction of components, and every ace allows different uses.

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Application

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Implementation

Response systems for intensive cities development of the foundational components

Implementation

development of the foundational components If we expand the same phenomenon in Tel Aviv, Like the city of Yokohama, we can see different spaces that are not being used during the day. spaces that are not being used during the day. spaces that are not being used during the day.

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Application

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Application

Implementation

development of the foundational components If we expand the same phenomenon in Tel Aviv, Like the city of Yokohama, we can see different spaces that are not being used during the day. spaces that are not being used during the day. spaces that are not being used during the day.

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Application

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Application

Implementation

development of the foundational components

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Application

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Application

Implementation

development of the foundational components

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Application

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Application

Implementation

development of the foundational components

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09 Bibliography 1. Koolhaas, Rem, and Bruce Mau. S, M, L, XL: Small, Medium, Large, Extra-Large: Office for Metropolitan Architecture. 010 Publishers, 1995.

2.Mathews, Stanley. “The Fun Palace: Cedric Price’s experiment in architecture and technology.” Technoetic Arts 3.2 (2005): 73-92.

3. Mathews, Stanley. “The Fun Palace as virtual architecture: Cedric Price and the practices of indeterminacy.” Journal of Architectural Education 59.3 (2006): 39-48.

4. “Ten Fold Technology.” Ten Fold Engineering, 0AD, www.tenfoldengineering. com/.

5 Ou, Jifei, et al. “aeroMorph-heat-sealing inflatable shape-change materials for interaction design.” Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 2016. .

6. Wit, Andrew John. “Towards an Intelligent Architecture Creating Adaptive Building Systems for Inhabitation.” Proceedings of SIGRADI 2014 (2014): 328332.

KINETIC ARCHITECTURE Response Systems For Intensive Cities Yaniv Hatiel

In the last two decades, there has been a rapid technological development that allows us to design spaces for multi-program. those spaces can change the relationship between the people and the city The project examines the influence of kinetic architecture in the city Using existing technology and developing a thodology through which we can design those spaces ”[...] largest variety of events with a minimal amount of permanent definition...create a 24hour “peak” composed of a mosaic of heterogeneous 21st-century life” (OMA 2016) Digital publish including animation. Copright© 2018 by Yaniv Hatiel