Moonlight #2

oomLlffnc r$su[ TYyO L

4ONIâ‚ŹNTE Vg>kufu, one from ihe orchives , on oriicle obout

o i:rlson i'evoll in r950 s Russio originoiiy pubrished in Anorchy

nrogozine woy bock in l9l3

e{aalcy o( Teuoioh

,

_

poge

1.

fhe coltusion between etements

v,iithin the liolion stote ond for_right,,terrorist,,groups in the I 9/0 s - ilris is interded to be port of o series on ihe subject

of collusion - poge

12.

lxta>Viclw wfirt genduf -on oclivisr in the peopte,s Union for Civil Liberlies (/ndio) ond the Compoign to End irr:q Sonctions (ireicrnd) - poge 24.

VGDRKUTA VORKUTA is about 1, 000 kilornctres frorn Moscow by rail. It lies just witJ.in thc Arctic CircIc, in the tundra bc1t, a.ncl 400 kil.orlctrc:s south of the lsilrrI.X llov:ty;L /,<:tr-t7ya.. ,I.hr: river Vorkuta is a right-si<lo tributary of thc Pechora, a rnuch longer ancl largcr river which flows northwarcls into the yugorsky Str a it.

Cou6g

! stLurreRl

- the pou\rli

on

ro\rnd herg iS ow[vL

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Fle,Jl-yorrneâ&#x201A;Źdto b*y t"e neu f cn.g

Breat\orrra-Lic Et1) frtsh a.ir he[rr'rrt on\e f 3,\q!,/.

The town of Vorkuta is a few kilornetres to the north of the river. It is just within the so-called Korni Autonornous Sorriet Soci:rlist Repub1ic, in the extrernc northcast of thc Rus sian SFSR.

To the south and east of the river Vorkuta are the northernrnost heights of the Urals rnountains. And further to thc cast 1ic the poorly-developed, abno st unpopulated, expanses of northern Siberia. Vorkuta has no outlet to the sea - that is the Barents Sea - which is frozen up for tcn months of the year anyway. The town, however, is linked to the world outsiclr: by a railwury i.inc which, during thc rCreat patriotic Warr of 1941-45, was connectecl to the Arkhangelsk_ Vologda Railroad, by r.vay of Kotlas.

Owilg to the rernoteness of the northeast Atlantic Ocean, with its warrn Culf Strearn currents, the clirnate there is rnuch rnore extrerne than in the northwest of the region in the Kola penin_ su1a. lndeed, the severity of the clirnate in_ creases in a northeastern direction, frorn Vologda to Pechora, ancl from pechora to of the Russian SFSR frorn the

Vorkuta.

Neither trees nor bushes grow in the tundra. . During the two sumrner rnonths of July and August the ground thawr, for a few metres in depth, and becornes rnuddy and swarnpy, And the flies and rnosquitoes attack al1 living creatures. By the beginning of Septernber, the ground freezes again and the long Polar Night l:r:gins. Oncc again,

Phe-

+\aI\ bettcr,..

hm I wondor uLerg

qLt

{\e Jr og cq.rng

Vorkuta is a blacl.:, - -- ' thc Spa ni sh r cvo l, :: : Gonz5lcz, w:rs scnL ll-.,:', , notccl that thc baronrr:lr'r :, Under such conditions, it 1s ::-:-:- =.:--= :: be out-of-doors unless cornp1ciel..' c:-.'.:=--. otherwisc frost-bitten lirnbs wiil ra'"-e:: :e arnpr-rtatcd. Man' arel No rr-ran alone ca:: survivr: whcn the fierce snowstorrns sweep the tundra, For rr-rorc than I00 days the khanovcy, the rwind of winclsr, l;1orvs across the frozen wastcs of Hcll, When Czar Nicholas the trirstrs advisers suggcsted that hc shor.rld nrahc thc areas :rround the rivers Pcc.l-rora ancl Vorkuta into

colonies for poJ.itical prisoners, hc sent for a report of the conditions there; but after due consideration, he decidecl tl-iat it rvas rtoo rnuch to dernand of any n-ran tl-rat he should live therer. i.{o one, except a f e r,v reincieer breeders and hunters frorn the \entsi tribe, could lir.c or rvork there of his or',,n free rvil1, said the Czar.

But Czar Nicl-ro1as did not kr-row what 1ay the icy wastes of ti-re Pechora basin, end to the north of the Vorkuta rrver, But Czar Jos eph Stalin, Creat ar-rd l\'ise Leader of A11 Russia, did. oeneath.

It all starled in I929, u.hen a Russian expecitior $'e1! to the northere part of what ',\'a-s rle:: tLe -{-:to::o::-c:s lic:::: Provirce. It r.\.-aiL

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-:'-C:, :-a'.-:: a:. :::-.:O::a:-: :- -e ::- ::-e a.:'ea

.e sc::3ec as:,:1e --.u1ta-Peci:ora Region.

The

exrecit:or lelurreC home s'ith cor:rprehensive iata about oi1 and coa1. It had discovered in the region of the Pechora river the existence of a 'Polar Donets JSasinrof gigantic ploportions. Subsequent expeditions, dr-rring the First Five Year PIan, discoverei coal deposits at thirty points of the vast U.<:::a-Pechora Rcgion. And Lcningrad r-rc.'c:.--::. i,-. I.

Of.course, people were required to dig that coal. Here the people of the 'Underworld would have tcrtoil. In 1932, the Soviet Cov_

ernrnent forrned the Ukhta_pechora Trust.

At the sarne tirne, the polar Cornrtrission of the Acaderny of Sciences of the USSR began to work out a deta.iled plan to transforrn the region into a mining and industri.al district, and into a fuel base for the Leningrad indus_ try. The Plan specified that the number of

inhabitants of the area concerned, which was s_ than 50, 000 at the tirne, was to increase to 168,000 by 1942, and over 500,000 by 1947. First, rvork would have to.begin on the Northern Pechora Railway Line. It -was not, however, finished until 1942.

SOVIET.Russia *"" to enter her era of capital accurnulation/"to"t and as any gooJMarxist will te11 you, th: accurnul;i.tion of "capital requires cheap, unskillecl iabour _ fii"-"f it.

1es

Eurtherrnorc, Russ:

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e

iJ;;,,-"*i:;i:t# "r+:,tlJ:"

". " So, talroql nJa to f"-i"""a. ii:",U"9 And who better than the CpU to Or."ri""'ril . In thc ,tuturnn of 1929, prison labour becarne a subject of econornic planning, At .a.conJerence of high prison officials ln Octo_ ber of that year, it was declared. that rT.he Five Year PIan requires tasks involving a great demand for unskilled labour. Local conditions sornetirnes present. serious obsta_ cles to the recruitrnent of labour. It is here that the places of confinernent, having at their disposal excess labour in great quant"ities an<l engaged in production near the places of con_ finernent, can ccrne to the assistance of those econornic enterprises which experience a labour shortage.l p

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.

The conference then adoptecl the following es

olution:

rThe Chiefs of the Adrninistrative Districts

of the Ural Region, the Northern Region, and the NKVD of Karelia rnust at .r., "".1y ,lrt" provide for the .>rq;rnisation of tirnber collecting coloir,^s etc. I

In 1930, the various planning agencies of the Soviet Union receivecl instructions to

Iincorporate the work perforrned by those deprived of liberty.into the planned econorrry ofthe country, and into the Five Year Plan!, Forced lcorrectiverlabour becarne an allirnportant and growing factor irr the econornic 'developrnent of the USSR and, in particular, in those regions such as Vorkuta where insufficient rfree' wage-labour was obtainable.

The GPU established a new departrnent, the CULAG (Chief Adrninistration of Carnps), .which was set up as the central agency of a vast network of Labour Carnps. During the first Five Year Plan, however, thc rvorl< perforrned in these camps did not always appear under either CPU or CUI.AG i.n the official reports.

Actual developrnent of the network of Labour Carnps started late in I930 with the reorganisation of the Northern Carnps of Special Designation. Frorn Solovetski (where Lenin and Trotsky dent the anarchists, Social Revolutionar ies and Kronstadt r ebels) tl-rey soon spread back to the rnainland of Siberia.

At thc san-re timc that thc agricr"rltu:'o, fisheries and brickyards of the Solovctsiii cal-r1ps were being expanded, phosphates ll'crc rr-rined at Khibinsk, oil drilling and coal rnining had begun in the Ukhta Region and, first, railroad construction and then road rnaking and, fina1ly, coal rnining was carried out at the Vorku str oy.

Between 1935 and 1p40, throughout the Great Purge, Iarge nurnbers of ri.ntellectualsr, scientists, physicians and engineers had been arrested, atl of whorn were r.rti.lised by CUl-AC for the fulfillrnent of the plan and the Staters econornic and strategic requirernents, Many Labour Carnp networks underwent considerable expansion. The carnp systern at the Pechora River becarne so large that it had to be split into two separate systerns - the Ukhio ond the Pechoro . A new ciiy, Chibyu-Ukhto become the copiiol of ihe NKVD odminisirotion. Oil wells sprong up oi Ukhio , o gioni eleckic power stotion wos buiil neorby, ihe roilwoy lines were compleied from Koilos io Chibyu-Ukhio ond from Chibyu-Ukhio lo Usl-Kozhvo. ond cool mining wos in 'full swing' oi Vorkuto . Between 1940 ond 1942, when mony Poles were releosed ond seni io ihe Middle Eosi , fhere were oboui 900,000 People of ihe ,

Underworld toiling - for the

fl

glory of the Soviet Stote ond the benefit of if's rulers - in the oreo.

Ihe growing exiroction of cool soon gove rise to lhe iown ond odministrotive cenire of Vorkuto . with o populotion -in 1948 - of oboui 80.000 souls. of whom some were'free' were unfree' { they were only woge-slovesl ) , but mosi The People of the Underworld built the town , ond ihe roilwoy which now reoches il. Vorkulo hos o lorge roilrood stotion. where the blue conioges of the Moscow Express con be seen in the sidings . lt hos fine wide ovenues , some huge Soviei ond other crdministroiive buildings . some of which - os long ogo '1950 - were slowly sinking inio the ground becouse os iheir foundoiions hos not been dug deep enough.

Vorkulo olso hos lorge . bright, sireet lomps ond of course , workers oporimenis ond mony liille wooden bungolows. A few kilometres io the north of the town ihere is ihe immense morsholling yord , from where cool iroins leove fot Leningrod ond elsewhere. And iweniy kilometres lo lhe norlh of Vorkulo ore ihe firsi of ihe cool fields - ond , unlil foirly recenl times . the lobour comps. They ore jusi liitle specks of light piercing the eiernol dorkness of hell.

IT IS any day bctrvcen, say' I941

ancl

19;6" "

iron gri.11es of ihe - hurnan drarvn back. The tlain were - cattle trucks had arrived in Hel1. It rvas Vorkuta - the end of the line. The prisoners clirnbed down and were rnarcheci o{I, in {i"cs, to the pi:l:"uilka, the transit or halfway carnp. Escorted by ten guards with balalaika rnachine-guns and soldiers with dogs, they arr-ived at the gate of the peresilka, It v"'as covered with barbed wire, One by one, as their narnes were ca1led out, the prisoncrs entered the carnp' They wou1c1 bc thcrr: from one to three weeks before being scrt to thc warrious carnps lor the rnines. . . .

The bolts on the

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There are between thirty and forty pits, thirty ca.mps of which thirteen are reserved for rnainly political prisoners, and rur'(' (:allccl Special Carnps. lVhilst the carnps alc controlled and adrninistereC by the NKVD, coal production and the rnines thernselves are co:rtrolled by the Ministry (forrnerly Cornmissariat) of Coal Production' Most of the

ancl

s

N W

\ry

fairly near to the pits. Discipline in the ordinary /crirnilalr camps is not all that stiict; the situation.in the Special Carnps, howev.., is another rnatter. 'The r5girne is str ict. camps are

Each carnp has between twenty and twentyfive huts, with about 150 to 160 prisoners in each. The huts are heated by a single stove iri the rniddle. For sanitation, there are buckcts which are ernptied first thing in the rrror-ning. There are at least three barbed wire fences surrounding each carnp; and between the fences there are usually four or five guard dogs. Every carnp has a watch tower at each corner. Searchlights are rnounted on each tower, and they are rnanned by one guard during the day and two at night' There is only one entrance/exit gate.

k

Only a srnall proportion of the inrnates of the carnps are lcrirninalsr, even in the generally accepted sense of the word. Most are rsaboteursl - a word that can cover alrnost any anti-State activity or conve.rsation. Being late for work on a nurnber of occasions is sabotagel Criticising the Governrnent is also sabotage.

Captured Soviet soldiers and citizens who had rGreat Patbeen taken to Gerrnany during the or unwilwillingly had who riotic Warr, and 1ing1y co-operated with the Gerrnans, were arrested and sent to the camPs in large nurnbers after the end of the war. Some of them are forrner Vlasovites.l Most of thern have been sentenced io iwenty or twenty-five yeors deprivoiion.

Vorkuto is o veriioble disuniied notions......

Before ihe wor, mony of the prisoners oi Vorkuto . cs elsewhere were often politicol opponents of Stoiinism . ln 1937 , f or exomple , ihere wos o consideroble number of Zinovieviies ond Trohkyisis , including Trotsky's own son , Sergei Sedov . The old Bolshevik , Soforov of Leningrod , wos onotirer who wos still olive in Vorkuto in 1940 But from 194,l onwords ihe siluotlon , ihe numbers , ond the iype of prisoners chonged. We ore concerned with the yeor 1953 .

The Russions ore in o minoriiy . The Ukroinions ore numerlcci . sirongest . They comprise oboui iwo-ihirds of the comp populoiion . Mony ore from the Western Ukroine ond i;'e -. oreo, which wos poriof Polond until ihe Russion invc: :- Oihers come from Corpoiho-Ukroine . The numbe' '-' ::.'='' Ukroinions is smoll. os ihe Soviei Siote hos been e:-r. :--there since the crushing of the Mokhnovisii (21 ,

.

,

6

.

There ore , however , o

few Mokhnovisl rernnonts of Vorkuio . BLrl mony of the Ukroinions ore suppor.iers of ihe Orgonlsotion of Ukroinion Noiionolists or Bonderists(3) ihe Ukroinion lnsurgenl Army which foughi boih the Germons ond the Red Army during ihe Greoi poirioiic Wor . Genero lv they hote qll 'Greoi' Russions . The Ukr<linions ore o so in o majority in ihe ihree women s comps qi Vorkuto The next iorgest group conrprises the Bolts from Estonio Lcrtivo ond Liihuonio . There ore olso numbers of Germons , Georglons Armenions , Rumonions ond vorious other noiiono ilies . The Germons ond Rumonions ore lorgely Nozis . The Russions in lhe comps ore noi very populor , os mcny of them , despile ihe r imprisonmeni , remoin convinced Conrnrunists Ihe few Jews ore olso not very popuicrr , ond ore sonreiimes persecuiecl , becouse unfortunotely mony Russions ond Ukroinions ore troditiono ly onti-.lewish , oncJ in receni yeors hove been influenced by ihe reoctionorl, propogondo of ihe Germon [']ozis . Moreover , the Jews ore generolly former Stolintsl , bureoucrots who hove fqllen foul of the Stote Such ore the People of ihe Underworld ,

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.

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1N MARCH, 1953. Sfolin died. His deoih wos welcomed by most of the people of lhe Underworld. f,4ony expecied lire regime lo collopse. There wos widespreoo opposition trr the bureoucroiic Sioie Copilolism of the Communisls. The siogon ,Lond io ihe Peosonis'hod been o gigontic froud. The pecsoni,s holrecJ of Slolinism , poriiculoriy ofier forced colleclivisoiion , wos os Ereol os ii hod been ior.vords Czorisnr; ond the proletoriot lvere nol free, ond ihey knew ii. But more inrporloni. wos ihe hotreC of the vorious noiionol ntinorilies , porirculorly ihe Ukroinions cnd ihe Boits. The People of fhe Underworld hod been woilinE for the doy thot Siolin died. l.iow he wos gone.

Althor.rgl-r tiic opposition was rviclespreacl, it

rvas un.[ortlurateJy u:-rcoordinatccl ancl targely r.luorganiscd, exccpt in thc carnp., ancl in thenr onLy ;,irlong thc \\rr:st LTlirairrians, Of cout se,

lcsistaucc tttovctrtr.nl:s u.itlrir-r the c;itrLps, jncJuclir-rg \/t-,rkuta, had lvor.l<cci out plans for

1;hcr

such arn cvcr-ituality as St:rlinrs clc;rth or. ;rn insurr: cctior-r els t:rvhere ir-r the Soviet Ur-rion.

Lin-iitr:d bv gcoulap1r1., r_-zrc1r cartrp ho."vcvcr had alrc;rdy laicl its plarrs. RLrt their plans vrere lintitccl to thc cor.rfincs o{ the Vor.kuta area. A11 tltc sztr-l1lr, tl-icv .rct c u,cl1 arv.are that prisoners in c-1rrrl)s lh.L.onqllor.rt the Soviet

7

Unior-r hacl rr-nrch

tht: sanLe iclc.:rs and p1ans.

The rnovii-rq oI pr..isolit_.r s Iror-n o,re ar.ea t., anothcr confir..rncc,i that.

l,'c>r' :rbor-rt ttr;o vcar.s tlte prisonersrliving 'becn it-r-Lprovi.tr[. The Soviet orciitiot-rs liad u()!'(r1'nn]cnt hncl iltrctt Iol'cc'cl b)' cconornic

r

:rcccssl.ty. 'lherc rvas, orving to the high death i'aL.', a <:hronic shortagc of labour. In 1952, \',irr:cs u'i:rc itttrodr-rceci for the first tirne. \lircr- s flilfiilirlg their Inormr earled 300 lolLblcs a mortth (at lh:rt poriod the rouble \\,as ()ltly r.vorth;1 {1y11, pgnnics). lIowever, rn:Lny of lhc prisctt'Ler s l:eccivcd 11o wages at all. Most ot thc PoBtB were unPaid; and brigades working on building Eites only earned about I00 roubles a month. A11 the same' canteen facilities did irnprove' The authorities also introduced better clothing' And sorne of the carnp blocks were re-built' Indeed' all the living quarters built after about 1950 were far superior to those built previously' Books circulated, and there was even a theatre group. Football teams were forrned' and iot." ,.r.t"hes wete played betvzeen carnps in the Vorkuta area. Furtherrnor:e' the People of the Underworlcl no longe r s1-arvcci to rlr:ath' On June t 7, i 9 53, tl-re worker s oI l-ast Berlin and East Gerrnany went on strike' The But "people of Vorkuta soon heard about it' they did not act irnrnediately. It is, however, wlong to assurne that nothing happened in the Soviet labour carnps until after the news of Stalinr s death. A long tirne before his death, insurrections had broken out elsewhere in the Soviet Union. lrr1946, there had been a srnal] uprising in Kol1'rna, followed by another in L947. There were other isolated strikes and ilsurrections in a.nurnber of carnps between 1948 and 1953. May, I953, saw a spate of strikes: three days in. Kingir, and another in Kolyrna. Possibly the rnost irnportant .- and bloody - was the strike at Norilsk, which cornrnenced on May ?, and ended on Augrrst 11 with a bloody rnassacre of rnany of thc

I

prisoner s ' At the beginning of June there was an 1nsurrection in Karaganda, organised by forrner rnernbers of the Ukrainian Insurgent Arrny' This was soon put down, but as Yorkuta was

for labour, the NKVD Cential Office in Moscow decided to send many of the Ilkrainians - rnost of whorn before the uprising had been living rrnder serni-free conditions to the Vorkuta rnines. In fact, rrany of the Karagandans rvolunteeredr to go to Vorkuta, not knowing what conditions were really like, and having been prornised better pay than they got even in the rfreel settlernents of the Karaganda regions. When they arrived, they were rnerely sent to the usual Special Carnps.

Their living conditions were no better than those of the other prisoners of Vorkuta. Irnrnediately they refused to start work in the pits. But unlike the rnajority of Vorkuta prisoners, they at least were fairly free to rnove about the difterent Vorkuta carnps.

They, therefore, began agitating arnong the prisoners to join thern. Tney received a eyrnpathetic hearing, with rnany of the older, long-stay, prisoners declaring their golidarity. The prisoners - rnainly llkrainians, but including rnany other nationalities began to organise. They elected secret cornrnittees in a nurnber of carnpsnow desperate

q

THE AIM was to bring all coal rnining to a standstill throughout the Vorkuta area, and so bring industrial production to a halt in 6f the coal at that Leningrad, where rnost -On the night of July birne was being sent.

19/ZO, the strike began at Carnp (rnine) No. 7 and at Pit No. 1,. wher.e over 8,000 rninere refused to go to work. At.Carnp No. 7 neither the rniners nor the brigades of building workers went to work. The strike soon sPread to Carnps Nos. 14/16 and Carnp No. 29. Carnps Nos-. 9/10 and No.. 6 joined the strjke. . About three days later Pit No. 40 struck. Not all the carnps went on strike, but *'ithin a week scores of thousands of the People of the Underworld were refusing to go down the pits or to work on the various construction sites.

Strike comrnittees had been forrned throughout the carnp network. And dernands were now being put forward to'the Carnp authorities.

Each strike cornrnittee put forward slightlv diJferent dernands. A11, however, dernandei the quashing, or at least the reduction, oi' sentences. Sorne dernanded re-trials, or reviews of trials. Others dernanded that ttre prisoners be allowed to settle arrrong the rfree' population - but at the sarne tirne, rernail in the Vorkuta area. Indeed, rnany of the strikers were prepared to continue working in tb.e pits until the production of coal was put on an entirely different basis - by securing voluntary Iabour frorn elsewhere in the Soviet Union iJ this was possible, rnaking rniniag in the area attractive by establishing better working conditions and rnuch higher wages and, of course, rnechanising the rnines. The building brigade workers of Carnp No. 7, who were ordered to return to work by the guards on the second day of the strike, stated that they would not return until all the barbed wire was rerrroved frorn around their carnp. Mernbers of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists rnade rnore political dernands.. They called for the withdrawal of Soviet Russians frornthe Ukraine and other non-Russian tertitories withtn the borders of the USSR, the liberation of ,tt innocent prisoners, the cessation of rnass-arrests, the revision of all sentences and the irnprovernent of conditions within the carnps.

Irnrnediately after the start of the strike in Carnp No. 7, the authorities issued the fo1lowing notice to all Special Carnps in the Vorkuta ar ea:

1) Prisoners will no longer be locked in at night;

Z) Bars in front of aI1 windows are to

be

rernoved; 3) Nurnbers worn on the left arrn and right knee of all clothing are to be rernoved; 4) Every prisoner will be entitled to write one letter a rnonth to his farnily; 5) With perrnission of the officer in charge of all carnps at Vorkuta, all prisoners whose work and conduct is considered satisfactory rnay, on application to, and with the approval of, the Cornrnandant of their carnp, receive one visit a year frorn rnernbers of their farnily;

6) Every prisoner has the right to address aoplications for the revision of interroga-Lion and trial proceedings to the Chairrnan of the Special Comrnission frorn Moscow, General Masslennikov.

The prisoners began to pull the hinges off the hear-y iron bars which were laid across the doors of their huts at night. Bars were wrenched off the windows, and the nurnbers torn frorn their clothes.

The NKVD also took another irnportant

step. It atternpted to isolate a1I the carnps frorn each other. Transfers were stopped at once. Brigades were forbidden to leave their respective carrrps. Th-e NKVD then tried to deceive the striking prisoners by giving the irnpression that different carnps had resurned work. For instancc, in Carnp No. 6 they let ernpty trucks go on running between the pitheacl and the slag-heap for three days after the strike had begun, so that all the carrrps

n

within range of the rnine would think that the pit was still working. Sorne of the prisoners were rarrestedr and taken to isolated cells in the main prison block of Camp No. 1. Repressive rneasures were particularly stepped up at Carnp No. 11. Military precautions were taken against all the carnps on strike. SoIdiers in the Special Reserve at Vorkuta stoJ in readiness. Machine-guns anci rnortars were set up outside the carnps.

Within a few days, a corrunission of inquiry, coBtlating of abor* thlrty Arrny and NKVD officers, arrived frorn Moscow. It had no powers to act, but it took rnany staternents in great detail. The cornrnission worked about eight days - whilst the strike was in progress - and then flew away againl

t?

FOLLOWING the return of the com::rission, events took a drarnatic turn at Carnp No. 29, At that carrlp, not only did the prisoners go on strike, but they held a public rneeting. They then went to the Comirrandant, and inJorrned hi-rn that the prisoners, through their elected cornrnittee, were taking over control of the carnp and the pit and would run thern thernselves. They dernanded the withdrawal of a1I NKVD rnen. The Cornrnandant, to the surprise of rrany ofthe inrnates, concedecl to their dernands. The cornrnittee organised their own security'po1icer, who released all the prisoners who were in the bur+ for various offences and locked up a nurnbJiAf notorious inforrners - for their own safetyl The cornrnittee rnade a thorough survey of the carnprs food supplies, and decided that they had enough for about four weeks at a sorrrewhat increased ration.

Carnp No. 29 rnade rnuch the sarne general dernands as all the other carnps, but like Carnp No. 7, their strike cornrnittee refused to confer with the local NKVD authorities, They dernanded to deal directly with the plenipotentiary of the Central Cornrnittee of the Cornrnunist Party of the Soviet Union, or with a rnernber of the governrnent. The Cornrnan_ dant, General Dervianko, atternpted to speak to the prisoners at a public rneeting in the carrrp, but he,was shouted down. He rnade yet another atternpt, but it was to no avail. It rnerely irriproved the strikersr rnorale, In the: rneantirne, the carnp was srrrroundetl by m.ac).:ine-gun posts and by rnilitary forrna_ tion.s j.n Lrilttle order. Large nurnbers of trrrcks, filled with troops, rnoved ull into position, Arr officer called upon the prisoners to surrende,r through a loudsfeaker, The strikers re'fused, saying that they would prefer to die than exist as thol,,,r.,.1,,. ,lhr:v shouted: rGo on, shoot rr s I , Thc solclic:r- s rnoved forward. They batterecl the gate in.

The prisoners w-ere rnassed jn front of thcrn.

The troops opene<1 fire. Sixty-four wr:re killed on the spot, and about 200 receiver:l injur ie s .

The strike, involving up to half the rniner s of the Vorkuta area, was aknost two weeks o1cl. But following the rrrassacrc at Canrp No. Z), the other prisoners began to reaLise tha"t they too would be rnown rJown. Thc next day they were also delivered an ultirnaturn: rnarch out of the carnps and forrrr up in the !gl4.g, o, be attackedl First, Camp No. 7 and then the rest of the carnps obeyed. One by one the prisoners rvere rnade to file past their canrp comrnandant, the head of the NKVD, his officers and rnany of the i.nforrners. With the assistance of the informers, the rnilitants and strike comrnitteernen were weeded out. Altogether, they cornprised about 400 prisoners.

They were loaded into t::ucks and driven away.

Work in thc pits and on thc buj1ding silcs began again the next day, HAD the Vorkuta strike been a failure'? Did the People of thc Underworlrl gain anything irorn their r r:bellion ?

Most of the rringleadersr were transferred to carnps in Kol1'rna and Kingit, where, incidentally, another insurrection broke out on May I7, 1954. This also w:rs drowned in b1ood. There were dernonstrations at Taishet; and at Carnp No. 13, the Ukrainian-dorninated cornrnittee, which included anarchists, hoisted the Black Flag over the carnp for a period of time. In both 1954 and I955, strikes broke out at Taishet.

I

l3

In Vorkuta, the so-called concessions soon became a dead issue. It was quite irnpossible for the relatives of prisoners to travel up to ?, 000 kilornetres to pay a short visit to thern.

And of the 1,000 or so prisoners in Carnp No. 6, it transpired that not one of thâ&#x201A;Źir petitions' for a revision was accepted. Ihey all received the sarne reply: tYour petition has been exarnined. The sentence is hereby confirrned. There is no occasion for a revision oJ the proceedings. After you have served your sentence, you will be released. Signed, Ceneral Rudenko, State Prosccutor-Ceneral of the USSR. I

t4

Indeed, in I953, it was quite impossible for the Soviet Goverr:-rnent to abandon its systern of forced rcorrectiver labour, or even to rnodify it to rneet the strikersrdernands.

The labour carnps were still eBsential to the econorny. To have closed thern down - at a stroke - would have paralysed Soviet industry.

But thc Vorkuta strike was not a cornplcte dclcat for the People of the Undcrworl<1' Thc strike did have sorne effect on supplies to Leningrad, though it did not actually disrupt the life of the city. Leningraders were quite aware that sornething had happened; and within a few days, railway engine-drivers on the Kotlas-Leningrad line quietly passed the news on that Vorkuta was on strike. The authorities were worried, particularly as the political state of the country following Stalinrs death was still unstable; and that there rnight be unrest elsewhere in the country - even perhaps in Leningrad itselfl Aft.t the collapse of the strike the prisoners were naturally very desPondent' Many had expected, not only that the strike would be successful' but that the very systern would collapse' Other prisoners, however, felt froro the start that the etrike was doorned to failure, but supported it aI1 the sarne. Orr the credit side, the strikers had been able to organise a strike right under the noses of the NKVD. fhey had secretly elected their strikecornrnittees, and had forrnulated their demands. The vast rnaiority of the prisoners had never participated in a strike before in their Iives. The strikers rnade rnistakes; but that was ihevitable considering the circurnstances. Sorne of thern felt that they should have gone to the pits instead of rernaining in the carnps, and staged sit-down strikes underground. In the pits, they said, srnal1 propaganda rneetings would have been possible. A11 the sarne, as one participant rernarked a few years later: tThis strike had been the first visible positive dernonstration against the Governrnent since the sailorst rnutiny at Kronstadt in 1921. ft had destroyed thc rn1'th that the systern was unassailablc. '5 For a whilc the conditions at Vorkuta rernained the sarne.

There was no general arnnt:stY.

But as tirne went by, t}-re authorities did rnake concessions' Nr]rnbcrs were Perrrlanently rernoved frorn clothes. lron bars were rernovecl frorn rvindow-s. Gcnerally, the working-claY was cuL to cight hours' Prisoners were allowed to correspond rrrore frequently with their relati-wcrs.

Furtherrnore, anrl this was as irnportant as any so-ca11ecl 'reforrnsr, the Sowiet econorny, likr: any arlvancing c;rpitali st ccononly, necdecl les s unskillr:c1 laboul , fcwt:r slavcs on lar ge capital pr o j e cts, a ncl f ;Lr mor c skilled technicians ancl the like. Slave-labourers of the kind ternployeclr at Vorkuta were beginning to be neeclecl in far fewer nurnbers. Even the Vorkuta. rni.nes v/ere slowly becorning rnechanised. They now needed higlrly-paid, skilled technicians and engineers.' So, even by 1957, the nurnbers of prisoners in Soviet carnps ha<I rnuch dirninisheC. Forced labour has, of course' not been cornpletely abolished. Thousands of unfortunate people are sti1l ernployed in 'correctiver labour carnps' AlI the calnps in the Vorkuta area have now l\rhat actually happened was been'abolished'. that the forrner prisoners have largely been transferrecl into rfreer r:itizens. They are no lbnger prisoners, but they ternain inthe sarne area. They canrot rr,ove freely about the Sovir:t lJnion jn sc:u'ch r:I alternative jobs'

'T

lnstead of belng supervised by the NKVD, f6rmer prisoners are suPervised by the civil authorities. Many of the older prisoners, invalids and wornen with children have now returned to their forrrrer hon-relands; rnost, however, have founcl life extrerr:''y difficult on their return. Sorr-re of thern even went bac]< to Vorkuta and their old cornrades. Others have been released on the understanding that they go to another area - in Siberia - where there is a shortage of labour. Nevertheless, even today no one 1'ea1ly wants to live in Hell' Vorkuta will always be 'The People of the Underworldr.

Peter E. Newell

fi

During the tGreat Patriotic Warr, the Cerrnans captur'ed General Vlasov, who later on organised Russian troops to fight against the Soviet Unior-r, on the Gerrnan sic1c.

Z. Forrner rnernbers of Nestor Makhnors

anarchist partisans who fought against the Cerrnans, the Ukrainian nationalists, the White Cuards and the rRedsr between tglB and l!21, throughout the Ukraine'

3. Followers of the Llkrainiar-r nitionalist leader, StePhan Bandera.

4. Solitary confinernent

ce11.

Joseph Scholrner, a Cerrnan prisoner, who wrote the book, Vorkr'rta,

t6

STRATtrGY OF'TtrI{SION some Foscisls in lhe group of lenorists in quesiion worked for the Carbinieri (o police unit) , fhoi olhers hod conlocl with the ormy or the

Ihis wos c,ccomponied bY o mosstve

increose in electorol support for lhe Communisls - peoking ol over o thkd of lhe vote in the 1976 e/eclions . Ihe neo-Foscisl lerorrsls groups of fhis period were o bocklosh ogoinsl oll this /efi wing octivitY ond olso ogoinsl the emergenc e of left wing lenorisl groups such os ihe Red

police ond lhot lhey received voluble and limely informotion in lhe progress c:f investigotir>n into lheir octiviiies"(1) -From ihe report of on ltolion porliomentory committee of inquiry.

Brigodes lenorists of the righl .,. oflen plonled .

bombs in public ploces which killed dozens of innocent bYslonders ond possers-by . A/l thrs wos pod of o so^ colled 'strolegY of tenston' , o ccimpaign designed lo /eod lo o breokdown of low and order ond conseguenl co/loPse of Public confidence in democra clico llY

"fhe workers slruggles of 1968-69, /fo/y's Hol Auluntn, deeply engtoved ihe economic structure of the counfry and moditied fhe bolonce of forces. After fhese strugg/es, lhe Lefl wos stronger and power weoker. ..

.obleciively. fhe dornoge

elecled governmenl, precipiloling

pror oPed by lhe wotl'ers jnsubotdtnolior) wos very serious

o lokeover bY lhe armY.lndeed in the 1960s ond 1970s lhere were

inrJeecJ"

before '69 mony rnililont ond oulonomous sfrugg/es deve/oped, in porticulor P/RtLL/ in Mi/on, neilher controlled by lhe Unions of lhe /eve/ of orgonisolio n nor dominoted bY them ot ihe /evei of the content of lhe demoncls. Iongible woge increoses, plus /ess workwere the two moin fhemes of lhot Period. The behoviour of the pro/eioriof con be summeci up in the slogon of lhe period: BEIIER WAGES. SHORIER "Even

severo/ coup oiiemPls." {3) ,]969

HOURS.

L

t.

I

Violent slrrkes broke c:ut in Alfcs Romeo ond itt Fictt. Rioting took p/oce in ntany fowns, lhe mosi serrous in Reggro Co/obrro where iens of lhousoncls of peop/e foughl ogoinsl lhe trc:oPs" 12) " rigftt-wing polilico I violence mosl slrongly monifestolecJ itse/f ln lhe

1960s ond eor/y l9Z0s.Ihis wos period of sfudenl and youlh ogif olion, new socio/ movemenls including women's ond gaY

lole cs

/iberolion , widespreod socroi unresl

ond lrode union militoncy in ltc:ly .

l7

ihe On December the 12th bombing begon, with one bomb in Milon ond three in Rome. The bombs in Rome left eighieen wounded, the bomb in Milon killed seventeen ond in.iured eighiy-eight. Police ociing on informotion from S.l.D. { intelligence ogency) orres'led two onorchists for ihe Milon bomb, loier murdering one of them ,GiusePPe Pinelli , with o fqke suicide. DesPiie mounting evidence thot thls wos o Foscisl bomb, the officol porty line for yeors ofterword wos blome the Anorchists' Loier the Estoblishment view chonged ond ihe ideo thot this wos o joint operotion between Anorchists ond Foscisis is ProPounded!

Eveniuolly o number of Foscists ore tried, convicted ond imprisoned but ore ocquited, os is the surviving Anqrchist. One cf ihe bombers ocquited for "lock of evidence" wos Guido Gionnette o S.l.D. ogent.'

virtuolly indiscriminoie terror itself ' lhe whole siorY would hove remoined in the reolms of conjecture ond could be dismissed os speculotion bui for chonce' During investigotions lnto o bonking scondol Police seorched the home of Licio Gelli. Gelli hod foughlfor Mussolini's reborn Romon EmPire in Spoin, Yugoslovio ond Albonio ond

When Gionnette become o susPect' the secrei sioie senl him out of ltoly ond continued to PoY his woges ofter ihe orrest worront hod been issued.

ln l2 yeors from

'1969

io

1980 4'298

tenorisi incidents iole ploce of ihese foscists were responsible for 687o ond

mosi of ihe deoihs, the bosic

potiern repeored ogoin ond ogoin is os described obove. ihe lefi is blomed, ihere is o high degree of collusion ond those resPonsible o usuollY get off scoi free ond wiih r,ett oi Jtoi less lnternotionol politicol ond medio oiiention thon the

when liolion Foscism crumbled he joined ihe Nozi S.S. Afier the wor Gelli worked on the'Roilines' - ihe Voiicon ond C.l.A. sPonsored

escope routes for Nozi fugitives' Loter he deolt orms in Loiin Americo ond rePuiedlY become the linkmon beiween the C'1.A. ond Juon Peron lhe Argentine dictotor. Seorching his home. ihe Police come ocross o llst of over six hundred nomes ond

fomous Red Brigodes,

Seotember 197 4 the heod of wos S.l.D.(secrel service) Viio Micelli Foscist oiiempied in on imolicoted coup d'eioi in l970 - ofier o secrei ln

evidence linklng ihem to o Freemoson grouP colled

'eport from his own ogencY reoched ihe Prime Minisier's desk' He ihen noiled hls colours to the most ond stood ond won os o M S'l' (Foscisi)

Propogondo-2 or P-2. Now freemosonorY or onY olher ooth-

bound secretsocieiy is iilegcrl in Coiholic lioly, but of course toiolly unremorkoble os lhis would be but for the membershlP of P-2. P-2 recruiied from lhe "eliie" of Ilolion society. lt included wiihin it's ronks one hundred qnd ninety five miltory officers, two serving Ministers, three ex-Minislers, one Porty Secretory,

porliomentorY condidoie' By 1977 S.l.D' wos so embroiled in scondol ihot it wos rePloced bY o 'new' secrei service - S'l'S M'l' ' Then come whoi wos of the time ihe

worsi single terrorisi oirocity in EuroPeon historY. On ihe 2nd of '1980 o bomb exPloded in the August second closs woiiing room of Bologno roilway siotion' Eighiy{ive p.o[I. were killed ond overtwo hundred wounded, Bologno wos o

sixteen Mogistroies, four hundred

ond iwenty iwo Stote officols, thirly six M.P.'s os well os Secret Service heods ond vorious bqnkers ond

Communist PoriY electorol skonghold ond hod been iorgeted prev'riusly. Ten yeors lo.ter o number of S.l.S.M'l' officers were on lriol for

ihls oirociiY, iheY included o Generol SecreiorY, o Generol ond o

Colonel. Their conviclions were loier quoshed' As we hove seen these were bY no meons ihe only incidenis of for-righi ienor ond stoie collusion with it in liolY ot ihoi iime' for exomPle rePeoiedlY the secret services creoted folse troils of evidence leoding owoY from the perpre iroters of righiesi violence' bne mighi wonder whoi moiivoied ii ond indeed whoi motivoted the

copiiolisis.

l8

(See Footnote

1)

Mogistrotes invesiigoting the Bologno bombing found thot P-2 directed much of ihe Foscisi violence ond ossocioied cover-ups ond distortion. Gelli wos P-2's 'veneroble mosier' {thoi's Ieodello us mere mortols) qnd in l986 he stood triol for his Pori in the i9B0 Bologno bombing ond wos ocquiied PerjurY On the but found guiltY of ,1974 o troin fourih of Augusi bombing neor Bologno killed tweleve ond iniured forty-eighi' A

,l983

triol judgemeni on this otroc ty

found

by the time it would hove loken for 'Sovlei' ionks io lrove rer:clrecl liol',' there would hove been no nrore Pentogon or KremJin io give orders.

Secret G odio documents mocle public in l990 tell o diffreni siorv, they tell of the donger of inlerrroL subversion' i.e. the wor[ing . oss.

According to Genercl Gerordcr Senovolle, commonder of G odicr during ihe l9lO's, it wos concernecl with: '/ttletito/ cot;lto/.

:

"/n lhe opjrtion of lhe porlies clcilning dotj.roges, lhe occused mentbers of 'Ordirle Nrrovo (New Order) w<'-re rnsplr-ecl, crrrned ond finonced to cony or-,1 lhe ollcrr:k by lhe Mosonic rnovemenf. whrcli took oclvonlage ol right'wing subversives ond ferorisfs, wifhln the conlexl of lhe so-col/ecl 'slroiegy of

lenslon

rn ort

i;lfemPi lo hcl// fhe

country's -c;rctduol clrifl io lhe /eff ond sel up lhe bosis for c; fu/ure couP

d'etot"

lhol

(4J

i?,;l"',"Jil

.

wont to ioke over the rodioiion desert ltoiy would hove become ofier o nucleor wor, which would hove been the result of onY Worscw inr,'osion of ltolY ,:r onY other N.A.T.O. sote is beYond nre ln foct

poci

our /eve/ cl reo-dine.-ss

hct t td li nr1

wos ihe P-2's plon, bY meorts of terror in ihe slyle of ogent provocoieur Promote o lovr ond order ogendo ond provide o Pretexi for o clompdown on disseni ond worker's skuggle, iI neccesorY o coup d'etot u,ould be Pori of this.

However given ihot P- 2 consiiiuied o'Stote within ihe Sioie', o couP would be ihe option of lost resort ond would hoppen if for instonce ihe Communisi PortY entered o cooliiion government. Another orgonisoiion in the murky shodows of lioly's secret stote shored ihe some ends ond meons os P-2. lt however wos officiol, if coveri, it wos colled 'Glodio' (sword). Glodio wos set up in 1958 by S.l.F.o.R. (ltolion secrei service, loter rePloced becouse it wos suspecied of involvemen.f in o 1964 couP Ploi) ond ihe C.l.A..lt's 15,000 members were recruiied from W.W. 2 veterns groups ond hod occess to l5l secrei orms dumps. The PurPose of Glodio wos, (it wos opporently disbonded in 1990, but then it didn't officolly exist untill then) we ore iold, to oct os o resistonce group in the event of o

This

,:ru:xx,ry,,"Jr1'"T

is

co lrniet s/re.e I c]enrons/t no llottwtrJt:

5

lcr

o iion.s.

lt ll:er.s

rtr

r,

I l,, i

inlernol uprisingi oncl G ociio

s

roie wcs lo.

-sfreels, cre-oilrq cr siluo/iorr oI str:/r ien.sion crs lo tegt.rtte ntlitctt'v

inlervenilon"(5) 1n

oiher words P-2's 'Sirotegy of

Tension' creote choos os o oreteri jusiif icotion for repression.

Unsuprisingly this v,ros ol trode public os the resuli of o lone

cr

rnogisirote's inquiries into the sio,.'incr of three polrce officers by c cir'

bomb in 19/2. Dlsilz, tloted

secre',t

service records show thot ihe bombers were members of Glodio.

They hod even used Glodio explosives. One of the bombers, Vincenzo Vinciguerro, hos cioimeC thot the group thought reponsib e 'Ordine Nuovo tvos o secrei servlce inveniion. Glodio wos port cf c.r Europe wlcie nelwork of secret ormies of ihe night esioblisl-red L-.,n,let N.A.T.O. cuspices ond in Creece Turkey ond Belgitrm they ore be eived to hove O..n 1,,vplvecl rn

Iq

terrorisnr on<J coup d etot. Tlre Germon section wos cornprisecl of Woffen S.S. veterns who dreiv up plons io ossosinote Soci,:l Democrot po iiicons in the eveni of ct !!orsc'r poct invoslon According lo ivlilie Peier: rrrrl rrrl rr lobster no.ll2. .

l'ltnistet g/ves /7)e rnore tolk clbout

'Few' i1r,'.,'r r5

,,i

|J.,,\.

l.().

dernoctocy, por/ia,.nenl ond

ctot.rttltte.s ore

cc>r,sttluion, he, his, prsrlicnlenl crnd hrs corr.siifr.rliorr rnoy no/ /,:sl very

r!\r.rir-'i)l iiitr t"r/ rolc cppLllolt/-s w/lic/l iL, r r I(.,r ) )l)cr !/rip Corrl)Iil-s ihet n i:. g. ,'t' trt, lt.t-('., ln<1 l()() I uttrJct wltlc/'t ;tl r,r / i, j (.r( ri r('y st I Ur t I tot ti spet:io/ {J.5. lirrls rr,,rrrkl be r,rcr/iirtrlr:<J irt supples-s I I t\ / i 1! )!r)])t(rrl'1/tre.criening lo {/.s.

/ong'

Footnole I :lnclurding q:l;io Berlusconi Prime Minisler of lioly in the mid 1990's, Berlusconi wos port of Group 17 - P-2's nredio seciion losl.red w,iih inf luencing public opinlon ond wiih P-2's help entereC inio ihe ielevison business, by lhe 'a90 Fe ' cortrol.ed o rrossive medio/eniertoinment empire which wos insirumentql in lhe eleciorol success which eod io his entry into Go'rernment olongside the'Notionol Allionce o splil from the \,4.S.1.

1

rrtLilrlL iiL I/llr)i c-\/-s"

' , ,,. r.'.is

|

,r' rt,rrri arberec.l thoi ihese aQo nsi o

lrc'l ploce

r'ir. r,iroli of Lrnprecedented h.rr'cil,uan inlerveniion in ltc y s i.,i, ilLr.r iile, rnclldlng $100 mi lion in --o'.,eii f r-,ndrng of politicol porties (1r o o fire e;<om1:le of gunbool .i<,rrocrccy cluring ihe firsl posl-.

[1us!() ni e ect orr w'hen the U.S. l"'re,illerrr;cr F eel wos poised off ihe (,'()ost neoi Ronte reocly to send in ilre r\,lcriirres sirorrld the eleciorole ,rrcl,e ttre Alihough '.^,,ronq <lecision. lhe venerr:ble Trlaster' Gelli wos o {ecu or ,rlsilor to ihe U.S. Embossy , rr'r I lrol, lrclcl rurncurs of C.l.A. llnks

References: (1

Time no.12: liolY,

Documenls of Slruggle' Poge I 1.

(3)'The Foscist Experience in ItolY'

by John Pollord

poge

132.

(4)Quoted in'The Dorkside of Europe'

by GeoffreY Horris Pugv

I Lv.

(5) Quoted in 'The Beost Reowokens'

by Mortin Lee Poge

rvrtllllre Greel.l Ambcrssodor r,\'ei qTi:rerlc--on proposols to pclrtition

246.

(6) Lobsier 32 Poge 3 {footnote).

(7) Quoted in

L-.1.S. Presidenl Lyndon r, ';:,r,:, loirrrsorr rlt: lrvered the tollowing ir il(ltl ' "f tck \ 1ir-ir Ii)riior) rLrr ri crtrd yout ( r,ri\iilrrlr.lii. Air rt:lico is on e/ephclllf,

'Turning the Tide" bY

:

lle(-1. (lre-c'ce i.s o i/ecl. /f rrr\ir /vr'() li'/|rws coit/tttue tlc.:hirtg i i r. r Lrir.,1,/rr;r r l, i irtry tnrt y 1tr-sl gel w lrirr,kt:rl /.>i, lht: o/epltct/tls lr urlk, r"lro. kcc] q.)o.l . . . .lf '161r Pririte

'The

poge l 13.

(2)'Ihe RiPening of

lr:prLrle

Ii

Quoted in

by GeofkeY Honis

,.r,ii.rire rrrrlllrd hlm lt is nol cleor,

! !l)/{/s rs ll

)

Dorkside of EuroPe'

,.,;irol rf orry role wos ployed L,y the (- l.A. in ihese events, irr the leost lri:nevo ent neutrolity wos more thon r!.eiy' lheir ottilude. \{hoteverihe r' - aJ. Le i"â&#x201A;Ź gr,oris of 'he I -:ri-ei. rrlitory ccup of l?67 hong where taly's L )\ er lire nrrrk;'shodows .,i.,.rei tlo1.' ond fcrscisi underground (r r,t.r1. llr s coup oncl subsequent rnit irrry iegirne enjoyed full U.S. boc[ing cnd wos i-eoded by one C.olorreL Fcrpodopoulos o C,l.A. ccenl. Shortl)' before this during o r

(6)

Noom ChomskY

poges

?0

199

ond 200.

Fj X m

I

ARMY

a H I

i

09[

,(( D

c\;-fr\.2_J, E

F.\CTORY

b'

2\)'l

('-n

irr-i i,t' Y^

N \

:/-.xl.*;IJ

2l

\

Zine F;eviaw; (\i

i ['1,

crirr't J.]?trbn

eri6

6

liiie zine on ihe unusol therre of punk horror, nicely illusiroted ond hond rvrlten rvith severcl wonderfu ly sick horror stories , on inierview wilh o Froter from the !soteric (Jrder of Dogon s Grond R'yeh Lodge ( nov,, when wos the ost time you sow i:,ri i,- o pirnI line or onywlrere ) who ore peop e so much inio H.P. Lovecrofi thoi they 1 ,.rr-risr,'rroorc, inspirecl by his writrngs (ficiionol goihic-horror-fontosy) . Also stuff on i'orroi irovles ond the individuols responsible fcr Goblin s Arrrpit ond Greedy Plgs zines rr. i'itervlew,ed. liked iio of , il doesrr'i stick to ihe some old formulo ond this ond the irrrrl .rire inspripsci rne lo siorl reoding Lovecpoil .t.;a. ,r greo'i

pe-ccmended.40 A-5 poges for 50p fronr Evon , P.O. Box 298 , Sheffield , S10 5XT, i rrg ,.r1,-i or frorn Bold Coclus.

,Ji'!ncb Jiisirrrr Sorriine -l ;\rollrerr :ine wiih o Lovecrof ilon influence, interesiing inlerview with Oi Po1loi tolking obor;iStorrehenge ond Scotiish history cnrongsi oiher things . Fronr the spooky end of ihings lhere's o short story in the Lovecroflion vein olong wiih some of lris poetry vihich t lrodn't reod before ond is greoi, plus on inlerviewwith o guywho odopted one of his -t,.rrir,:s'for fi r'n. M,:ss Seperc'iion, Extreme Noise Terror meeis Nopolm Deoth from i,\o tr1,sicr. give o good inlerview ond thots obout ihe loi. No zine revlews in this, which is Lrre thlng I didn't like, olihough some zines do gei o meniion. Some cool grophixs (r.cl o Trice over,:lJ look to it. "l.i r.)rLrsro ly siued poges (bigger thon A-5 )from P.O. Box 40 ll3, Portlond,OR9/240-

0tt3 ();

li s.A..

I1111 Bold CociL-rs.

$iLrir ?litiorr ?.[qo[ngt ?[pcrthn 6 ilL. ll.y'ond ecleclic ore the words whlch would sum this up, though not eclectic enorgh to hove ever ron on lnierview with the Esoieric Order of Dogon - I think moybe tire C)ronge Orcler gets o mention now ond ogcin , but thof's os close to supreme evil r,. iiri: one gets. So w,hot hos this goi, well whol hosn't ii got, lclon'i think lhove room li ) rjreirllc. everything, mosily written fronr c Green perspective so il hos stuff on G.M. l1)o(,ls !r j.lr os on lnierview wiilr o guy who wos up in couri over ihe iroshing of o field lLrll of llrenr, stuff clbout wor ond festivcls, reports trom JlB, oclvice for unemployed .rrters i nor,.r thot I hove ojob I con soy ihoi ) , o report on ihe onti-choice movement n io ,-r .iouple of poges of poe'lry ond reviews. Something for oll the fomily , perfecl for ,-r ',vi:l ond win<1y doy by ihe firesicie or o long bus journey so consume it now.

"5 A.5 poges for 1.50 fronr c/o Green Aciion. QUBSU , Belfost, BT/ lNF, Northern

lrc,lorii

U.i'i..

v7

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Corgo Gutt 2

Cqcius cover is simply excellont , ond oughi to be mode into o poster ' the moin thing inside is on intervlew with Broiher lnferior's vocollst Chod who tells us cil oboul being beqien up by poirldiotic Americons for ploying thoi communist sport foolboll !l , olso oiher biis ond bobs ond o nosicrligc piece obout ihe Pol Tcr Corgo Culi hos on lnierview with folksters Pugei Sound cnd on orticle obcut Nesicr Mokhno.

This is o benefit for the beoutifully nomed L.A.G.E.R. which is Leeds Action for Globo Ecologicol Revoluiion It didn'i blow me owoy bul is definoily worih geiting it, especio{ly os it ls c benefii, The Bold

.

40A-5pogesfor50pfromBoldCoctus/Andy,P.O.BoxHPl/l,Leeds,W,Yorks,tSo

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9Itinbbreoket I Jom pocked wth informotive orlicles on ihe tsoitle of Seolile. Foriress Errope. Strcr glrt Edge , prisons ond much more. Lois to reod ond oll worih reoding . ihe highpoint tor me wos on inierview with ihe Brozilion hordcore bonds Self ConvictionlPoini of l'lo Return { ihe some people ) - it's worth buying for ihoi olone , lowpoint !vos on interv'err wiih the pretentious druggie celebriiy Abbie Hoffmon conducied by ihe r:ol ticcn Doniel cohn Bendit (o re-print ) Bori, ihe guywho prris it iogether so;'s'/ tirrri/i't/'r'r zine to be infcymcstive ond not constcsntly yownin,E about THF scene. Lrer:c;ti.se i iitiirl i/:' llme we focus on sorrelhinq reo/ lnsleod of lusi clrc/rng oround the sonte lopics.' ond 'Resisfonce ond educoilon go hand in hond crrrd lhol's oner of lhe reosolr.s /btltrg otrl

lhiszine' -thot'sspoion ondihctsjuslwhoithiszinedoes.

l'mlookingfonvordio

reoding fufure issues.

60 A-4 poges for /O Belgion Froncs { orwhoiever iheir version oi pennies/cenis is J fror-rr Bori , Doorniksewijk 134 - 8500 , Kortriik , Belgium .

paop[e'8 Slobot ?lrfion Sullefin 5 In o word - inspirotionol , get this nowl . Those of you unconvlnced will be m ssing llre opportunity io reod .June lBth/November 30th lniernoiiorrol Doys of Aciion reports frorrr plonet Eorih or of leosi whoi seems lke most of ii os well os o hisiory of the coordinoiing netwot-k People's Globol Action ond opinions on o nunrber of imporicnt

motters

. This

will cheer you up

I

No price mentioned , put iogeiher by Recloim the Slreeis , P.O. Box 9656 , London 4JY , U.K.

N'1

E moil : rts@gn.opc.org www.reclo im th esireets.n e i

www.ogp.org Remember lo include exlro for posioge ond/or S.A.E.'s or l.R.C.'s ( lnlernoiionol Reply

Coupons )

lnte>view

wfirt 9aa4ee?

Communal

Violence

In recenl yeors rndio hos seen o ror or communor viorence , much of which hos come frcnr the B.l.P. , o Hindo nqiionorisr poriy . now in Government, ond orher simiror orgcnisolions.

How hove lhe forces of Hindo norionarism ond rerigious bigorry ochieved such prominence ? orso , why do you ihink rhis is hoppening no-w ? whot is giving the B.J.p. such rnoss suppod?

!\i--l /.ri hirve io

lool.: of the poprloton of lndio which is I biliion or nrore oul of which BO% lrre 1'5';rp e or-' ilinclos ond you con imogine thot even if o smoll seclion of ihis BO% turn (...,r'rrn-rilrc or lurn hcstile ioworCs mrnorilies yol hove o very dongerous siiuoiion becouse it )'7t .:f ) bi iiorr is BOO rnillion thots o huge number of people oncl-over the yeors vorious ().,".rrrrrrrenls lrove ntis-mcnoged

''i

il-le

rrris tr'rcncoec' the

economy. they hove

po tico situotion cnd

os o resuii ihe stotus of ihe common person in tntli'r hcr become very poor, unernproyment is high. peopre jobs, doy to doy don'i iie i:' bei;onring more difficuli, peopie ore beconning disillusioned hove with the sys.lem os such Lrri:l it: eo:v vknow conrnrlnol hotred, r'rolr.ed toworcJs minoriiies is olwoys q very eosy "','i::irri: orri jhgJ s one recson wir,v ilre messoge cf the HincJo notionolists hr:s found o very I r,-ieD1iv.- Clriience .

To whol exteni is lhis so-colled "mob violence" ogoinsl Muslims, christiqns ond sikhs orcheslroied by ihe B.J.p. ond ro whor exrenr oreihe porice ond th" s"currty for.es complici with ii?

,

llru,'r'i'v'rr'r l'rcnci rn hond , for exonrple , the B..l,p. ond rts umbreilo orgonisoiions provoke r-'itrrce nr'rbs beonging io these groups go out in the sireets ond "' ottock minorities, 'iti(i.i: ,eop e their properly irreir homes oncJ ihe poiice ore very sympoihihetic 1o the

rr.\sLr!re of the B.J.P. ond iis pecple ond therefore rotirer thon helping to preveni ihis !'iole,.ce they just siond by cr in worst siiuotrons they hove even

irlriicipoied

rn this

they"hove even

violence.

Hos lhere been o hisiory of insilitulionqlised discriminotion ogoinsl religious minorilies in In dio ?

is rt'rv difficuii tc Qnsiver this quesiion becouse the lndion conslituiion, of leosl on poper i'r.irrises equoiiiy . A I lndion insiiiuiions - the police , ihe civil service ore supposed to by !ri TreoT everybcdy equolly , instiluiionolised discriminoiion if you meon like oporlheid in 5'1 ir-1 ifllcc ot certoin discrrmclniory lows in lhe Uniled Stqtes I con't think of ony siiuotion ii .' irrol n lr"rdic blt ihis is only in theory, n proctise of course minoriiies do toce <r of ot i :i: I llri rcl iicrrr r-.1il prejuclice l'lorv in'legroied or seperote!.o1e the vorious rerigious communiiies, if , for insronce , r weni

lo Bomboy or Colcutlo would lfind Muslim gheilos?

llri:rr: crre of course ports of rhe country r.vhich,,:re predonrinoty one rerigion, for exompre irL'rj'rb. ihcri hos o rrrojoriiy of Sikhs, if you go io Koshmir,.vhich is c vujim stote, in ports L.'l i-ltlr:r Prodesh vou hove crge ccncenti.,:tions of ihe Muslim comrruniiy ond even in ihe : lr .i ilq--,61116v ior ercmple ihere ore ioco ities where ihere is o concentiotion of lhe

'

.,

ir-r

.-(rrlr'rL-:nii1. or

lhe Chrisilon ond so

on

/4

-

Are thera mlxed morrloges ? Do people sociolise togclher ? Work logclher?

People do sociolise but to o very smoll extent qs regords mixed mqrriqges they do toke ploce bui ogoin very smoll numbers ond of workploce in mony ploces you do find people working iogeiher of oll religions bui in the rurol oreos where y'know ihe trqditionol communiiies live lhere is still o lot of seperotion.

Do you think thqt rellgious Brllish colonlolism?

violence in lndlo

ls

the legocy of q 'dlvlde ond rule' pollcy ol

Well one con olwoys find o connection between whoi ihe British did becouse one of their toctics to rule lndio wos io divide the lndions on religious grounds but it's been obout 50 yeors now ond how long con you blome the British for this .

wall os lhe perseculion of mlnorilles o rellglous elemenl con olco be scen ln lhe recenl seperotlsl ormed compolgn In lhe Punjob ond ln lhe ongolng guerrlllo uprklng ln Koshrnlr, whol ore lhe rool couies ol ihese contlicls?

As

Well the root couses ore , for exomple , in Koshmir, Koshmir wos never port of lndio ond the people of Koshmir hove olwoys wonied to become independonl ond the lndion government hos refused to recognise this ond ii's policy hos olwoys been to not to recognise ihis situotion ond io ky to keep Koshmir os port of lndio bul even this policy wos noi implemented in o woy it could hove been , for exomple , todoy there is lndion troops in Koshmir oboui 300 or 400 thousond ond thoi's the only reoson why Koshmir remoins pori

of lndio <rnd these troops hove been ottocking the people , commiiing gross violoiions of humon rights ond os o resuli more ond more Koshmiris ore turning ogoinsi lndio' And in Punjob olso they hod o very genuine grevionce ogoinst the lndion government since indepedonce ond ihe lndion governmeni could hove eosily negioiioted in good foith with the Sikhs ond resolved ihe situoiion bui ogoin they screwed up.

As well os lhe Slkh ond Musllm bqsed rebel ormles lhere ore qlso Morxlsl/Moolst oner.

Iell us o liltle oboul lhem , ond qlso lhe represslve resPonse ol the slote.

slorted os o result of repression by the stote. The londless peosonls orgonised to goin controi over lond which belonged io them by low or ihey tried to unionise lo goin foir woges , foir lreotmeni of workploce ond the response from ihe londlords , the bureoucrqts ond the police wos severe repression . The police ond ormy wos used to shoot of demonslrotors , peoceful meetings were bonned ond so lhe response of the peosonts wos fo form groups which used violence bosicolly ond in mony woys nobody likes violence bui if you deny the people their bosic righis to protesi ond orgonise peocefully ihey don't hove o choice bui to use volence sometimes.

The Mooisi groups

?9

Speoking ol Koshmir brings us to lhe long runnlng conflicl beiween lndiq qnd Pokislon , which hos ossumed olorming proporlions in the losl lew yeors wilh q nucleor orms roce ond o proxy wor ln Koshmlr. boslcolly whol's it qll oboul ? ls lhere ony podiculor slrolegic or economic inleresl in Koshmlr ?

Well I think Koshmir does not hove ony resources , ony voluble noturol resources like mines or oil thot lndio or Pokisiqn woni io keep. Ihere ore/were severol seperotist movements in lndio in recent iimes which hove wonled independonce from Indio so I think ihe lndicn governmeni does noi wont io sel o precedence by giving independonce to Kqshmir becouse it will encouroge other regions io do the some . The second reoson is ihol it is o mqtter of presiige , no lndion governmeni will survive if ii is seen os surrendering Koshmir qnd on the Pokisioni side olso o similor irroiivotion ihe prestige issue , no Pokistoni goverment con survie if ii is seen os giving up on Kosmir ond I think the Pokistonis remember thoi in 1971 lndio wos instrumeniol in dividing thol counhy, Pokiston used lo be Eosi Pokiston ond Wesi Pokiston ond ihere wos o wor between lndio ond Pokision ond os o result Eos't Pokiston - Bonglodesh become independontqnd lndio wos instrumentol in ihis so I ihink this is one woy of geiting bock ot lndlo.

Caste So tor whol we've been lolking qboul isn'l reolly unique lo lndio , chonge ihe nomes ond you could olmost be lolklng oboul somewere else , the B.J.P, tor inslonce seem lo be cul lrom the some slona os lhe Oronge Order or ihe B.N.P. or ihe Front Nqtionole , bul whol is pretty much unique lo lndlo is ihe cosle syslem , firstly could jusl outline exoclly whol lha cosle syslem ls?

Well orgininolly severol ihousond yeors ogo ii storted out os economic clossificoiion of ihe socieiy in four groups.

At the iop , the Brohmins , who were supposed io be the pundits , the eclucoted people, ihen the proffesionol closs , the worriors , ond ihen ihe lowermost who were supposed io be people without ony righis - the workers - ihe illiieroie people qnd over severol centuries this clossificotion becqme rigid so people from one group could not move down or up ond people of ihe lowermost rung of ihe lodder suffer severe discriminqtion ond oppression , they ore the Dolits or the so-colled uniouchobles ond in Indion society todoy they ore widely discriminoied upon ond subject to oppression.

Whol hoppens to people ol lhe botiom ol lhe Cosle pyrimod could you lell us o litlle qbout lhoi ? ond ihe dlfferences belween lhe siluolion ol Dolils in lhe villoges ond in the cilies. ln the villoges people know eoch oiher, fomilies live in close proximiiy ond ihey hove lived ihere for severol decodes so y'know your neighbours so ii is very difficult for o Dolit fomily to disguise or hide ihe foct thot ihey ore Dolits ond in the villoges ii's very common to find thoi ihe Dolit fomilies ore isoloied , thoi their homes ore found of <: corner for owoy from the villoge . The Dolits ore noi ollowed io use the wells the some os the oiher villogers use , they ore nol ollowed to go to the temples or other ploces of worship thot others use , they ore noi ollowed io use olher fociliies , ihe locol ieo shop moy noi even serve them or they moy be osked to sii seporoily ond so on ond so forth.

They foce vorious discriminotion on o doy io doy bosis. ln ihe ciiy it's more integroied becouse people don'i hove iime io find out who you're co-possenger on the bus is , ihe situotion in ihe ciiies is more mixed there hove been exomples of dicriminoiion but of the some time there is more infegrotion

?6

Whot resistqnce to cosie is there from Dqlits ond is there o hisiory of such resisionce or this o foirly recenl phenomenon?

is

There is o hisfory of resisinoce from the Doliis bui whoi we ore seeing lodoy, rs.r r,,er,, powerful , strong ond militont response from the Dolit communily they hove decicieij rhoi enough is errough ond they will not iolerote crny more oppression oi this kind . The Dcllt communiiy hqs uniled with minoriiies such os the Muslims , the Tribols . <-:nC ihe Christron communiiy qnd ihey hove fouglrt electlons ond severol stoies in lnd o hove seen Chief Ministers from ihe Dolit communiiy ond in the notionoi porlionrent olso ihe Doiit poriles hove done foirly well .This ls very impressive ond I ihink this is o very oplimisiic srtuotion .

Where does lhe work of your own orgonisolion , the Peoples Union tor Clvil Liberties , tii inlo lhis?

The Peoples Union for Civil Liberlies wos formed just ofier ihe period of emergency in lgB . The emergency wos iwo yeors when lndiro Ghondi suspenCed civil liberties , she hocj

1

orresled oll opposiiion leoders ond sonte newspoper people . ln respone io this ihe P.U.C.L. wos formed to fight for humon rights of oll lndions ond os such il clso fighis for Dolit rights . Whenever ihere ore reporis of police otrocities ony where in the couniry ihel, send invesiigoiing teoms to find out, to get focis , of times our lcwyers ho,,,e gone io court io prosecute police officers or to demond officlcrl inquiries ,

Sanctiona on Iraq Whot sorl of effects ore sonclions hoving on lroqi society?

effecis of sonctions on Iroq ore well documenied by severol iniernoiion<rl proffesionol ogencies; there is no food for people io eoi , there is no medicine , peop e don'i hove occess to cleon woter. people don'ihove fire in iheir homes , pec,ole ore losing iheir.iobs becouse ihere is no industries, the infroslructure hos been desiroyeC oncl os a result of lhis for ihe losi ten yeors more thon o miilion ond o hqlf people hove Cicd directly os o result of the sonciions , there'wos o Ul'.llClEF repori recenily which soici ihoi oboui 200 - 300 children belowthe oge of five die every doy in ihot counlrv

The

.

Whol mollvolions ore behind the sonctions? lf you Iisien to Bill Clinion or Tony Bloir ihey will tell you rt's oboui democrocy , they rr,i sc,, thot Soddom Hussein is o very dongerous mcrn , ihoi ihey must gei rld oi bioloqicol cnd chemicol weapons from lroq , but lroq hos olreody been disormed even Scoil Riiier w.ir,: wos o U.N. inspecfor working for U.N,S.C.O.N,1. hos publicoly ond severoi times sioied thoi disormomeni hos ioken ploce in lroq so one hos 1o look behind the politics to why Briiicir ond the Uniied Stotes mointoin ihese sonciions . { ihink ii is oil obout oil ond in,ho conircis ihe profiis from ihe oil soles if you look of the lrcqi oil industry ii hos been noiionoliseci so the profits go to the lroqi governmeni ond noi to corporoiions like Mobi . Shell ond Exrcn lihink thot's behind the sonclions ihe Uniied Sloies wonis o i.egime chonge in lrcq to instoll o diclolor they con coniroi , who ihey con dominote . Thr:i's whoi they woni

?7

Whol eitecl ore lhe sonctions hoving on lhe lroqi regime? f l.e sonctions hove hcd obsolutly no effect on So<jdom Hussein oncj his regime . lf r:rvllrlng lhe sonctions hove strengihened him becouse in times of emergency people rolh--r thon hote the governmeni rolly cround ond suppori ihe government becouse ihey rrre r.rndeT oitock ond todoy the people of lroq ore more concerned wiih stcying olive :lr.r' r'.'n crong:rg tlre regi'ne .

But sonciions ore not the only oggression

foced by the people of lroq'

':i.).rflerlhewortheUnitedStoies,BriiioncndFronceuniloierollyimposednoflyzones creos in the norih ond soUth of lroq , whicir cover most of ihe country ond the ihot these ore no fly zones which n'reqns ihot lroqi plones connot enter this territory i-. ncl srnc e I ?9 6 ihe French hove ref Lrsed io poriicipote in these no f ly zones which meons ilol oniv the U.S. onrl U.K. ore doing this .In the lost two yeors the lroqis hove chollenged these nc f ly zones ond ihey hove soid they will nol except U.S. conirol of ihese no fly zones ond o-r c result ihe U.S. hos been bombing ihose regions clmost everydoy. On o weekly 'r.rtrsis cbor-rt lirree or four crvilicns die. These no fly zones ore ociuolly illegol becouse the r-rierrnoticnol communi.ty - ihe U.l.l. or the U.N. Security Council hos noi sonctioned these

c: tiro rrleo

s

lo lli

zones..

Whqt work hove you been doing oround ihis issue? n Scn Fronslco wos lnvolvecl in octjvisi groups which fight ogoinst U.S. lmperiolism be it in ilre Donrbtng of Yugoslovio or be it in ihe sonctions ogoinsi lroq ond olso other issues rr llr n ihe l..tnited Sioies such os the decih penoity on.J tl're cose of Mumio Abu Jcnrol ond lir.-:

i,!lrl ior Afirnroiive Aciion.

ovio 'wos being bombed we hod hod huge prolesis . On eoch dOy of the we hod iwo hurrdred to three hr;ndred demonstrqtors on the streets of Son L.c,r-bing Frcr.cisr-'ir prolesiing agoins'l the bombing plus o couple of iimes we orgonised huge pr,rbl ,: nreelir"rg: which were otiended by over 20,000 people the focus wos on U'S. bonrbing in Y;goslovio bui olso on U..S. clciions in lroq ond other ploces' AboLrl tlriee rncnihs ogo we forrrred cl group in Dublin - it's colled Compoign Io End the irocl Soncitons w,e lrove been conducling vorious octiviiies : we hond oui leofleis of Bonk of irelcnd , Coliege Green 2 p.m. 1o 3 p.nr. ond we orgonise publlc meeiings for exomple rr .1; y Denis Ho lidoy (ft.;nt't<tr U.N. officiol who resigneci in prolesl over lhe sonclions I will be specr[.ing in Dub]in .Ihe response from lrish people hos been very encouroging , I find .l rQi people ore curious io iind out whot is going on in lroq ond how they con help severcl people hove conre bock io me qnd soid thol they wrote to iheir T.D.s I Members i,rf Por/icrmenl / ond so on. So thot is very encouroging

!\,lL-ii

l'L-rgos

,

Campaign to End the lraq Sanctions - lreland 125 Winter Garden; Pearse StreeU Dublin 2 Phone: 6727803/087 688885; Email: sandeep@gofree.irrdigo.ie

People's Union lor Civil Liberties dre of : YY\,Yw.PUcl.org

X nt,p,f B^ u*s ,rY P"uir rc\L Pn ,:o*rr q Here s pori of on interview Mork did for Bold Cocius zine . which I hove stolen ond re-prinied os I think his own rvords best describe his situotion

Firstly introduce yourself and give us a background to your case.

NIy name is Mark Bar-nsley. I'rn 38 nor.v. antl have becu invoh'ed with the Anarchist nro\enr.rii silce rly teens. In Junc 199'1 I weltt ottt lor a walk rlith a larniiy fiiend aud llr\')'ourlgL'\t daughter (I have 3 altogether), Daisv rvho was just si.x rveeks old then. We stopped lor a ilrink at a pub, a1d sat in thc becr sardcn. Unlortturatcly, r'ie \\'er. soon joined b1'a llrgc srirtq ol' dnrnken studelrts, rvho first ofall verbally abused us. and theu physicallv attacked ltrr I rrrti smashed over thc head lrorn behind rvith a bottle or heavy glass, and badlv beatcrr Ltp. I ctrrlcrl up *.it[r a broken lose, several large head uountls, I or 2 brokerr ribs, onc ol- il)' fiorlt tcclir was kuocked out. and I sustained a great rnany other injuries. Basicalll- the students used ntc as a punchbag and lootball for 150 yards, during which I r"'as actually on tlie srounrl 3 tinrcs In the early stages ofthe attack one olthe students also prodLrced a kuife, btrt dro|pcil it oil the floor. There u,as a scuffle for it, iu which I was cut on the hand, btrt I nranasod to get )rolLl ofit. I{aving done so I coutinued to try to get away. Because ofthe rveY that tirey contirtttcil to attack me, to pr"urch, kick, and jump on top of nte, a number of the sttldet)ts receired krrili injuries. Despite the fact that every single independent witness to the incident said that I rrls the person being attacked I',vas the only'one arrested. I was charged with 5 cotLnts ol(iBII A year later, after a trial which was characterised by lies, pe{ury, the w'ithholdrlg and plantinu of' evidence, judicial bias, and accon:panied by a hysterical local press carrtpaign, I lvas cortvictcd ou 2 coults of GBH, and also ol 3 lesser woundilg charges with rvhich I had not even beerr charged. I was sentenced to 12 years il prison. Five and a halfyears later I'rrt still behind bals. and still fighting my *rongful conviction.

The Police Stotion where the "investigotion' into the ossouli on Mork wos bosed in wos the some stotion were offlcers who Mork hod broughl o

cose ogoinsi for wrongful orrest ond molicious prosecution worked furihermore the guy in chorge of ihe stotion in '94 hod orrested Mork foi-c politicol offence woy bqck in l9B0 when he wos o Deteciive nspecior in ihe Speciol Bronch ( politicol pollce ) . Mork's imprisonment is no occideni but o frome-up , o corrtinuoiion of o conrpoign of horossmenl ,

.

For more informotion on his cose you con send on S.A.E. io: Juslice for Mork Bornsley , c/o 145-149 Cordigon Rd,

Leeds , LS6 'l LJ , Englond.

'How nruch fucking evidence do you need?' A 90 minuie punk/horCcore comp. tope in oid of the comoign is ovoi ob e from Mut/Tcrpes Are Cocl.

P.O. Box 152, Burton-On-Trent, Sioffs, DEl4 lXX, Englorrd. for 2 quid in the U.K. or 5 dollors elsewhere , postoge included , cheqrres pold pcryob e

io

S.C. Buxton

.

Mork welcomes Ieiters you con write to lrinr o1: Mork Bornsley WA2B97 , HMP Long Lnrtin' South Littloton, Eveshom , Worcs WR11 5TZ

Conioct the Criminol Prosecuiion Service

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comploinis@cps.gov.uk ond osk ihot they hond over evidence io lvlork onci his lo"vyers'

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Chris , os o founding member of the Uniied Anorchist Front, iock port in on oction lryhich involved breoking into o house which wos being used os o H.e. for o gong of neonozi skinheods ond gothering iogeiher neo_nozi ;rropoqondo cnd porophernolio for o bonfire l-1e gol 15 yeors for this public service Frison wclls hove not stoped his cctivisrn over the yeors he hos developed the "Texos prisoners Anorchist Lending Librory distributing onorchist ond reloted literoture orrrongst Anredco's burgeoning prison populotion , this l,rojeci hod to be re-siorted from scrotch following confiscol ons by the prison outhori-lies , to contribute to it you cctn send books , zines ond pomphlets to Chris but it hos to be vict o pubiisher or bockstore ond their oddress nrust be printed on the outside of the pockoge , i'm not sure but of eost cccording to the situotion in the U.K. ony literoture hos to be of new cr next to new quolity to get prrsl prison censors - besl to write to Chris to check this oui.

As well os trouble from the guords Chris hos olso fcced violence from neo-nozi prisoners not just becouse of his views ond whot he s inside for , but olso becouse cf his e,ifc:r'ls to est,:biish o onli-rocisi prisoner,s orgonisotion everr r..ore thon the rest of Americon society prisons ore divided olong rociol lines , o circumstonce which of course benefils their conircllers. As well os this Chris is working on o book detoiling the lns ond outs of using ibogoine os o D-l_y fornr of oddiction theropy.

Contoci: Chris Plumm er 617345 rt 2 box 4400 Golesvllle TX .

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76597 U.S.A.

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Jason Boyce Eye Appeal This is an elfort lo help raise fitntls to st'tri a guy to Russia {irr spt'L:ialist i'1't' trcatlllelltas he'sul't'ers frorl art illnesswhich Ieaves lrinr alntost lrlintl in ptxrr lig,hting antl rvill cvurrtuallv rt'sult in ci>r'nflt,te bliutlncss iI it go.'s Lrrrtrt'.ttcrl. l{rr has to go lo N,ltxcolv tbr tlrrcc lvltcks t've11, ycar.

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