Rajula, Amreli | Portfolio “The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5-minute Neighborhood” Understanding the City Studio | 2020 PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning CEPT University | Ahmedabad
Acknowledgment
First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude towards CEPT University, Ahmedabad and Faculty of Planning for conducting the Foundation Program on Understanding the City Studio. I am grateful to my tutor Prof. Arjun Joshi and teaching associate Aarzoo Samani who have constantly been active in imparting the best of their knowledge and skills to us. Special thanks to all my friends from Unit-8 for providing feedbacks and encouragement and also for being available whenever I needed them. And finally, my deepest gratitude to my family for their motivation and enduring support but also for inspiring me to strive for larger goals.
Preface
The portfolio represents a detailed study of Rajula Precinct located in the Saurashtra region of Amreli district, Gujarat. The spatial extent of the town is 2.32 Sq.km area with a population of 38,489 as per census 2011. The study is carried out on a square kilometre area located within the core part of the town which will analyses the overall urban character of the town. The information of this report is gathered through qualitative and quantitative methodologies by site walk-through, primary observations, documenting via photographs, mapping activities, and interacting with local people. The narrative of the portfolio is based on theme, “The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5 minute Neighborhood”. In which the study further discusses the understanding of the town through various topics like ‘Precinct Overview’ through The Hybrid Urban Form of a small Town; ‘Trigger Points’ through A settlement from a riverbank to the Arabian sea; ‘Hybrid Street Network and to be developed Infrastructure’ through Roads as a street in the Rajula precinct, The Clock Tower Road : Public Realm, Water & Sanitation System; and ‘Land Assembly System and Choices of the People’ through analyzing the Urban Form the Precinct and A Five Minute Town : Rajula.
“ The Hybrid Urban Form of a 5 Minute Neighborhood
1 Precinct Overview
2 Trigger Points
The Hybrid Urban A Settlement from Form of a small Town a Riverbank to the : Rajula Arabian Sea
1.1 Introduction to the Precinct. 1.2 Block patterns and Unit sizes
2.1 History of the Town. 2.2 Historical Evolution of the town.
2.3 Timeline of the Urban 1.3 Accessibility and Transformation of the Proximity within 400 meter Precinct. of Distance. 2.4 Spatial and Physical Transformation of the Town and the Precinct.
3
4
Hybrid street Networks and to be developed Infr
Roads as a Street in the Rajula Precinct
The Clock Tower Road As an Identity of the Town : Public Realm
3.1 Nature of the Roads and Streets Network
4.1 Street as a Public Space.
3.2 Road Network Pattern within the Precinct.
4.2 The diversity of different Activities makes Tower Road as a significant Place.
3.3 Network Connectivity within the Precinct. 3.4 Network Accessibility within the Precinct
d�
Content
5
rastructure Framework
6
7
Land Assembly System And Choices of the People
Tap to Tap and Door to Door System : Water Supply and Sanitation System
A shift from Traditional to Modern : analyzing the urban form of Rajula
A 5 (Five) Minute Town : Rajula
5.1 Mechanism of Solid Waste Management.
6.1 Built fabric and Unbuilt Open Spaces.
5.2 Surface Water Distribution System.
7.1 What are the choices that makes Rajula as five minute neighborhood.
6.2 Built and Land Use distribution of the Precinct. 7.2 Housing : People Prefer to stay in community living. 6.3 Residential Built Typology and its Property 7.3 Jobs and Livelihood : Prices. One-third of the town’s population is working population. 6.4 Dwelling Units per Hectare and Floor Space 7.4 Transportation system : Index (FSI). More People on the street than Machines.
5.3 Open Sewage and Storm Water Network needs attention.
8 Conclusion
1. The Hybrid Urban Form of a small Town : Rajula
The Precinct is located in Rajula, a newly developing town in the Saurashtra region of Amreli district, Gujarat. The development of the town is largely influenced because of its close proximity to the Pipavav Sea Port - the largest shipbuilding and heavy Industrial companies of India. The economy of this town is mainly based on these industries and agriculture. This town is also very well known for its rich stone mine that exports stones around the country. Most of the built form is low rise - ground and first floor which was constructed by using local stone as a readily available building material. Rajula lies on the national highway NH-8E that connects Bhavnagar to Somnath.
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
Location of the precinct and the town context
1.1 Introduction to the Precinct The Precinct : One Square Km
From the areal image of the precinct one can identify scale, grains and road networks reflect that the town was organically developed in nonuniform foot print pattern. There is dense fabric in the North and loose fabric in the South.
The collision of organic urban form and grid system in the precinct. The orientation of the roads and street network is mostly North-west to South-east. All red dotted lines are Primary Arterial roads, orange dotted lines are secondary collector and yellow dotted lines are local streets. Hierarchy of Roads and Street Patterns in the Precinct PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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1.2 Block patterns and Unit sizes Different Block Pattern
Different block sizes represents that the larger blocks sizes in organic fabrics have smaller building footprints sizes while in smaller block sizes near tower road and station roads have larger footprints sizes within the precinct.
The variation in smaller and larger footprints as per the different usage of building within the precinct. Variation in Building Foot Prints
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
1.3 Accessibility and Proximity within 400 meter of Distance Built Fabric of the Precinct
The proximity of the important Public Institutions of the town within 400 meters of distance from the Clock Tower. Each ring in the diagram is at 100 meters of distance from the center of the clock tower. From the Clock Tower - Civil Hospital, Primary Schools, City Garden & Old Mamlatdar Office are within 100 meter distance; City Police Station, Dharamshala & Old Railway station compound are within 200 meter distance; APMC marketing yard & City Vegetable Market within 300 meter of a distance and Boys and Girls High schools, City Bus station & Rajula Nagar Palika are within 400 meter distance. Proximity of Public Institutions PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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2.
The origin location of the town on the bank of Dhaterwadi river.
A Settlement from a Riverbank to the Arabian Sea Visual Paradigm Online Diagrams Express Edition
The history of Rajula had a great impact on the precinct as it is located within the core part of the town. The historical events occurred earlier were initial trigger points which further led to growth of the town. Precinct has witnessed the overall change from inception of the town to the current development expanding along the Pipavav Port on Arabian sea. Rajula was a small settlement within the precinct which grew on the bank of Dhaterwadi river. It is situated close to the Rajanio Hill and is said to have derived its name of Rajula. In ancient times this Rajula was a place of flourishing trade and one of the important centers which used to supply food grains and other necessities in neighboring villages and towns. From the evolution time of Rajula, it is well known for its building stone as ‘Rajula Stone’ which is of an excellent quality used for building construction.
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Nawab of Junagadh
Before
1785
Belongs to Junagadh
Raval Vakhtsingh
1785-86 Under Bhavnagar Ruler
- Rajula area was originally belonged to Babarias of Babariadhar.
- Bhavnagar ruler annexed Rajula from Nawab of Junagadh.
- Then it was belonged to the Nawab of Junagadh.
- Rajula was under Bhavnagar ruler for nine years until 1795.
- A Bha of Vak
- P by rup Jun
2.1 History of the Town
Nawab And RawalÂ
1796 A Battle was foughtÂ
Damajirao Gaekwad
After Independence
Formation of Gujarat
1811
1949
1960
Province of Baroda State
Merged with Bombay State
A battle was fought at avnagar between Nawab Junagadh and Raval khatsingh.
- After the death of Nawab in 1811 Gaekwad established their claim on the throne of Junagadh.
- Amreli along with other provinces of Baroda state was merged with Bombay state.
Peace was concluded payment of 1,15,000 ppes and Hold under nagadh.
- Rajula then was a former province of Amreli district under Baroda State.
-This state was reorganized and bigger bilingual state of Bombay was formed as Saurashtra.
Became a Part of Gujarat
- On 1st may, Bombay state was bifurcated and two separate states of Gujarat and Maharashtra was formed. - Since that day Amreli district along with Rajula became a part of Gujarat state.
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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First Phase and Triggers of Evolution of the town
Second Phase and Triggers of Evolution of the Town
The initial phase of the organic settlement along the Dhaterwadi river bank and between two mountains. Major occupation during that time was agriculture and mining of the stone.
The initial growth of the town towards Haveli Chowk due to new railway development, Clock tower, construction of Dhaterwadi dam and few public institutes like general small hospital and primary school.
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2.2 Historical Evolution of the Town Third Phase and Triggers of Evolution of the Town
Current Phase & Triggers of Evolution of the Town
The new urban form taking place due to construction of High school, APMC marketing yard, new Civil Hospital and few commercial buildings along tower road.
The overall growth of the town highlighting the impact of National highway and the development of Pipavav port.
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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14
1954
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
1979
• A Passage for Farmers and travellers over a Dhaterwadi River.
• Increased Connec0vity for intercity Transporta0on.
Dhaterwadi Bridge
• Transporta0on and mobility increased.
• 1st Ever Railway sta0on was Built in the Town.
Railway Sta>on
Led to increase in the jobs opportuni0es. India’s One of the largest Cement Manufacturing Plant.
• •
Pipavav Sea Port
Suburb villages are known for Limestone mine reserves.
•
UltraTech Cement Plant
1956
• Immigra0on of the students from neighbouring villages started growing
• The only one secondary educa0onal ins0tute among 72 villages of Rajula.
J.A.Sanghvi High School
• Developed as a Main Commercial Centre.
• Historical Land Mark of the town.
Clock Tower
1922 1986
1996
2000 •
Not-for-Profit Hospital addresses the socioeconomic issues in the town.
• Improved health and checkup facili0es within the town.
New Civil Hospital
• India’s largest private sector port and world’s third largest container terminal opera0ng port.
Proposed SIR is located in Rajula.
•
Work of underground drainage system was ini0ated. Expansion of the na0onal highway started.
•
•
• A rise in land prices and real estate business in the town.
Redevelopment of New Bus Sta0on.
•
New Transport & Infra.
2004
• New land use on agricultural land was proposed for new development in the town.
• Rajula Sewa Sadan was changed to Rajula Nagar Palika.
1999
Rajula Nagar Palika
• New residen0al development started in the southern Rajula.
6 • Led to the expansion of commercial ac0vi0es.
• Increased in Agricultural Trade and Commerce.
APMC Marke>ng Yard
Led to increase in the job opportuni0es.
•
2.3 Time-line of the Urban Transformation of the Precinct
2015
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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Spatial transformation up to 2005
Spatial transformation up to 2010
• • •
• • • •
16
Growth around old railway station Area. Rajula Nagar Palika Formed. Illegal encroachment on vacant land. Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
Growth beyond old railway station Area. Change in Building Material. Immigration due to Pipavav Port. Rise in residential Development.
2.4 Spatial and Physical Transformation of the Town and the Precinct Spatial transformation up to 2015
Spatial transformation up to 2019
• • • •
• • • •
Growth of the town in south-east direction. Change in Land Use - Non Agriculture Rise in Real Estate development. New Commercial and Institutional Re-development.
Road widening and Densification of the town. Development along National Highway. New Public Infrastructure & Commercial Complexes. Increase in Export of Stone Trade.
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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3.
Road Network Pattern of the Town passing through the Precinct
Roads as a Street in the Rajula Precinct
As the title describes, roads in Rajula are used as streets because of the kind of activities that take place. Road network of Rajula town has direct implication over the precinct as it is located within the core part where the area of town is 2.32 Sq.km and the precinct is 1 sq.km. Therefore content follows a macro to micro structure in which it looks upon town level to precinct level roads to street network. The text here focuses on the nature of the street network and how well it is connected within the precinct through different analysis and the inferences derived from it. It also assesses the quality of streets and its use with respect to different activities, size of the blocks, length of the street and availability of number of junctions for ease in accessibility.
Adapted from Google Earth (Rajula). Retrieved on 24 August 2020. Co 2020 by Google Earth. Note. Major connectivity of roads network in the town along with the missing links for better connectivity.
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opyright
3.1 Nature of the Roads and Streets Network Eatery Street near Tower Road
Street of Haveli Chowk
Main Bazaar - The Tower Road
Rajula has an organic road network formed by the intersection of the main primary route as Central Arterial Road which is a State Highway and three secondary lower level routes as SubArterial Road networks which are Tower Roads with two other parallel roads. The precinct is located within the core part of the town where sub-arterial roads like Tower road, Jawahar road and Palika road have become the main commercial centers. Connectivity of the National highway to the town by arterial roads and two parallel sub-arterial roads is guiding the spatial development of the town. As the town is still in the stage of development there are some missing links that can be identified for the better connectivity along with the development by half radial rings.
e PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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Hierarchy of Streets and Road Network within the Precinct
Street Condition Assessment - Right of Way
Different typology of streets and road patterns of the precinct where diagrams highlight the major concentration of Collector Streets within the city center followed by Local Streets patterns within old organic fabric.
17.9% of the precinct is streets and roads where 92% of the roads have less than 9 meter of wide roads.
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3.2 Road Network Pattern within the Precinct Road widths within the Precinct
Activities along the Eatery Street
Activities along the Tower Road
The precinct has a very unique network of streets in terms of their width. Unlike other cities or any standard definition of road widths, Rajula has comparatively smaller road widths for pedestrian and vehicular movements. These road networks have organically formed over a period of time without any footpaths or any building setbacks. These roads mostly act as a street in a small town like Rajula where most of the public amenities are within 400 meter of distance. They showcase a rich public realm with closely knitted activities like shopping, vending, food stalls, smalls pan shops, walking, vehicle side parking and many more happening there. People mostly prefer to walk on these streets instead of using cars or any other big vehicles because of the short distance to the workplace.
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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3.3 Network Connectivity within the Precinct Link - Node Ratio: Rajula Precinct D
D
D
D
DD D
D
Link - Node Ratio: Karnal Precinct
D
D D
D
DD
D D DD
D
D D
D D D D
D D
D
D
D
D D
D
D D D
D D D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
DD
D D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D DD D
D
D D
D
D D
D D D D
Rajula Precinct
0.92
Connected Node Ratio Karnal Precinct
0.85
Connected Node Ratio
D D D
D D
D
1.41
Link Node Ratio
1.67
Link Node Ratio
The comparison is done to understand connectivity of link and node ratio with Karnal precinct of a planned road network with an organic road network. 22 Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
Network connectivity within the precinct is assessed through the length of the road to its nearest junction for an ease in movement. The length of road is termed as a Link and nearest junction as a Node. The relationship between this link and node provides multiple options to the user for a better movement from one point to the other. According to the urban standard, higher the connected ‘node to node ratio’ and ‘link to node ratio’ there is a higher connectivity. Rajula precinct has higher network connectivity as compared to Karnal precinct due to fewer number of dead ends and higher node to node connection ratio that is 1.22 and node to link ratios which is 1.41.
3.4 Network Accessibility within the Precinct Block Perimeter: Rajula Precinct
Rajula Precinct
288 m
1446 m
542
3611
Block Perimeter: Karnal Precinct
Rajula precinct has the minimum size block perimeter of 1 meter, average size is 288 meter and highest is 1446 Avg. Block Perimeter Highest Block Perimeter meter. A comparative analysis was done between the Karnal precinct and Rajula precinct in order to understand in detail more about planned road network versus an organic Karnal Precinct road network. In Karnal, due to the large number of block m m perimeters, network accessibility is more or less within 1000 Avg. Block Perimeter Highest Block Perimeter meter of distance whereas in Rajula precinct due to small size perimeter there is high accessibility within 400 meter of The comparison is done to understand accessibility of block distance. This comparison between two precincts is evident perimeters with Karnal precinct of a planned road network that a small town which has organically developed has a with an organic road network. higher network accessibility within its block perimeter. PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University 23
4.
Tower Road as a Public Space
The Clock Tower Road As an Identity of the Town : Public Realm
The core of the town lies along the Clock tower road which has developed as a main commercial center over the years. The straight length of the road is about 550 meter long with gradually increasing its width sizes from Haveli chowk to the General Hospital and Tulsi Bagh (Public City Garden area). The land assembly system along this road follows an increasing order from the private residential built to the public institutions. The diversity of the different activities occurring on this road makes it a significant place and a historical monument like the Clock tower which makes it a Landmark and Identity of the town.
Study Area
550
m Length Study Area : Clock Tower Road
29.3
% Private Space
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
7.7 % = Public + Open Space
4.1 Street as a Public Space Nolli’s Map of the Precinct
Private
Public
Regulated Public Space
70.7
% Private Space
2.6 %
Public Space in Roads
19 % + Regulated Public Space PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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4.2 The 3D View of the Clock Tower Road : A Public Realm
SPATIAL SPATIALANALYSIS ANALYSISOF OFTOWER TOWERROAD ROAD SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TOWER ROAD
ACTIVITY MAPPING MORNING ACTIVITIES : 06:00AM - 08:00AM
GROUND GROUND FLOOR FLOOR USE USE ALONG ALONG THE THE STREET STREET
GROUND FLOOR ALONG THE STREET Ground Floor UseUSE along the Street Residential Residential area area around around thethe Street Street Residential area around the Street Religious Religious places places - Semi - Semi Public Public Religious places - Semi Public Commercial Commercial shops shops along along thethe Street Street Commercial shops along the Street Public Public Institute Institute near near thethe Tower Tower Road Road Public Institute near the Tower Road
ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY Accessibility ACCESSIBILITY
AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES : 12:00PM - 05:00PM
Rickshaw Rickshaw Stand Stand Rickshaw Stand Vehicular access Vehicular access Vehicular access Pedestrian access Pedestrian access Pedestrian access Parking Along thethe Parking Along Parking Street StreetAlong the Street
Activity Mapping
POROSITY POROSITY POROSITY
Porus Porus edge edge Porus edge Opaque Opaque edge edge Opaque edge Access Access to to internal internal Access to internal streets streets streets
NIGHT ACTIVITIES : 8:00PM - 11:00PM
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
e diversity of different Activities makes Tower Road as a significant Place Filling the voids : Un-used spaces are filled with Vending Activity
Activities outside Vegetable Market
The tower road is a mix of everything starting from the residential area with smaller streets of 3.5-meter width near haveli chowk to the wider public main Bazaar of 14-meter width near Clock tower. This Tower road is divided into various segments where one can find at every interval of 45-meter distance there are different activities happening. All the buildings are in continuity and it provides a sense of enclosure along an entire stretch. While walking along the pavements of this road, one can strongly perceive an active and interactive frontage of the shops. As most of the part of this road remains shaded during the day, it encourages vending activities and allows people to sit and walk along the edges.
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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In Rajula, the main source of water is Dhareshwar Dam from where water is brought to Dhaterwadi Dam during the Summers. There is a 2 hours daily water supply from the municipality to each Household. In summers, 50% water dependency is from Ground Water source via bore-wells, tubewells, hand pumps, etc.
Residential So
RESIDENTIAL SW
RA JULA LANDFILL SITE 0.7 KM 2 MINS
Es;mated solid w In Residen;al Are
Min. 2.2kg SW
PALIKA’S CHOTA HATH
Variation in contours due to stone mines are resultant of irregular street sections with absence of catch-pit area that becomes the major reason for water logging. Rajula has 3.8 sq.km of Open Drainage system but there is frequent spillover of the sewage water on the street. For Solid waste management system, municipality have assigned two Chotta hathis to each wards which collects the waste from door to door on time to time basis.
Bins Near Stati
PRECINCT
0.6m
It takes 0.7 Km distance and 2 minutes time to travel by Chotta Hathi from the Precinct to reach Rajula Landfill site.
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
1.2m 1m
Tap to Tap and Door to Door System : Water Supply and Sanitation System
Location Map of Landfill Site
1.2m
5.
There is Zero / form of Green their process o
5.1 Mechanism of Solid Waste Management
olid Waste Generation and Its Management at Precinct level
Waste Collection System
W GENERATION & ITS MANAGEMENT
waste genera;on ea : 6.5 Ton
Max. 38.9 kg SW
Palika’s firesta;on & Chota Hathi sta;on Ave. 2.4 kg SW
H STATION & WASTE COLLECTION BINS
tion Road
Bins Near Residential Area
Ward No.07
Bins Near Different Nodes
/ (NO) nuisance point in the Town. Segregation of waste done in the n and Blue Bins which easily separate Dry and Wet wastes based on of recycling. PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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nsumers nsumers
SURFACE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
5.2 Surface Water Distribution System
GSR
Water Treatment Plant Dhareshwar Dam
Dhareshwar Dam
Dhaterwadi River
Dhaterwadi River
Dhareshwar Dam
Dhareshwar Dam
Consumers
1 1
Main Source
0.29 0.29 Apa rtment
Dhareshwar Dam
0.1 0.1 Ro wh ouse
PRECINCT Level
Deta ched Se mi detach ed Ch awl
Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched Se mi detach ed Ch awl Building type wise demand in MLD*
Consumers Building type wise demand in MLD* GSR
Dhareshwar Dam Main Source
PRECINCT Level
Demand for Water Supply
30
Demand for Water Supply
Water Water Treatment Plant Distribution Station
GSR
Water Distribution Station
Consumers
Consumers
Water Treatment Plant
Dhaterwadi River Dam
Dhaterwadi River Dam
0.85 0.85
lation Served
lation Served
GSR
Intake Well
573 573 tal lation Served tal
410 410 tal lation Served tal
Intake Well SURFACE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Source of Water in Rajula
Demand of Water Supply
Water Treatment Plant
Water DistribuMon StaMon
Rajula WTP
4 MLD Total
91.8 LPCD Per Capita
7150 Total
43573 Total
50 % Dependency
2.2 MLD Total
97 LPCD Per Capita
2735 Total
16410 Total
Water Source
on GW in Summer
Water Supply
Water Demand
Water Supply
Water Consumption
Dwellings Served
Dwellings Served
Water DistribuMon StaMon
Population Served
Population Served
Rajula WTP
4 MLD Total
91.8 LPCD Per Capita
7150 Total
43573 Total
50 % Dependency
2.2 MLD Total
97 LPCD Per Capita
2735 Total
16410 Total
Water Source
on GW in Summer
Water Supply
Water Demand
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
Water Supply
Water Consumption
Dwellings Served
Dwellings Served
Population Served
Population Served
5.3 Open Sewage and Storm Water Network needs attention Open Sewage cross section
Sewage line
Sewage line
Storm Water Drainage
500 mm
300 mm
Topography and Water logging in the Precinct
Channel
Channel
Irregular roads and street sections with absence of catch pits and blocked gutters are major reason for water logging.
Sewage water spillover because of insufficient open drainage and absence of underground drainage network.
Presence of hard surface at many places makes ground water percolation difficult.
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6.
Spatial Inter-relation Diagram of the Precinct
A shift from Traditional to Modern : analyzing the urban form of Rajula Rajula Precinct has a largely ground oriented and edge to edge built fabric which is formed by the traditional way of living and also by the occupational patterns. Traditional houses of Rajula had veranda space (Faliyu) where major daily household activities used to happen. Houses on the street peripheries and within the chowk area had attached small shops like general provision, vegetable, shoemaker, goldsmith etc. Based on different communities and their occupation. The urban form of Rajula is the resultant of autonomous and continuous development over a period of time and earlier it was not governed by the building regulations. But the precinct has undergone a certain change in the past two decades due to different building bylaws, increase in the family sizes, structure and increased economic opportunities within the town has led to the demand for different typology of built form and land use.
Abstract diagram of the Rajula precinct highlighting its urban structure of reference, landmark and major corridors.
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
e through nodes, point
6.1 Built Fabric and Unbuilt Open Spaces Figure Ground: Built and Unbuilt Open spaces
Legends City Bus Station
Legends
High School
City Bus Station
APMC Marketing Yard
High School
Stone Mining Site
APMC Marketing Yard
Important Stone Mining Site
nodes/ junctions of the precinct
Important nodes/ junctions of the precinct
Point of reference Point of reference
Residential Buildings Residential Buildings
Commercial Buildings
Commercial Buildings
32
% Built Fabric
68
% Un-Built Open Spaces
21 % 21 % Setbacks & Open Public Open land - Old Railway station compound Public Open land - Old Railway station compound Private Open Spaces Institutional Institutional Buildings
Buildings
21 % Transport Area
07 % Vacant Spaces
Roads and streets of the precinct
Roads and streets of the precinctIn Rajula precinct, buildings are built edge to edge by sharing
a common wall leaving no margin. The Figures represents the share of 21% under setbacks are used in a private open space as a verandah space or a courtyard where daily household activities are performed.
PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria| Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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Building use pattern of the Precinct
Land use pattern of the Precinct
56
39
44
61
% Residential
% Residential
% Non- Residential
26 % Retail 34
08 % Non- Retail
07 % Institutions
03 % Other
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
% Non- Residential
30 % Commercial
10 % Institutional
09 % Vacant
05 % Transport
6.2 Built and Land Use distribution of the Precinct Ground Floor use pattern of the Precinct
50.3
Residential
The Urban Form of the entire Precinct
%
46.7
% Non- Residential
03
% Parking Space
Precinct has almost balanced built use which is 56% residential and 46% non residential. On the other hand it varies with land use where it is 39% residential and 61% non residential use. This variation is because many residences near streets or a road network have primary ground floor use as a commercial use and secondary above floor is used for residential use. Within the precinct 30% of the land is under commercial use. It can be analyzed from Built and Land use plan that this commercial land use is spreading gradually over residential land use located along the main roads from the Clock tower. Due to which land prices of old residential building plots around this area have increased significantly by giving more importance to the commercial activities. 10% of the land use is under Institutional use where it is evident from the Built and Land use plan that these institutional lands are located mostly near major transport facilities. This is because it is easy for the immigrants students to study and nearby villagers for healthcare and shopping activities who are visiting here on a daily basis. PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria | Faculty of Planning | CEPT University
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4.4
4.4
Residential Building Type
Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat
Residential Building Type
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
4.4
Residential Built Typology of Rajula Precinct
Residential Building Type
Residential Built Typology of Memnagar Precinct, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Detached Semi-detached Detached
Apartment
Detached Semi-detached
Apartment Chawl 6000
46
% Semi-detached
4800 3600 2400 1200
46
Chawl Rowhouse Apartment Non-residential 6000 Chawl
354
75
0 Se mi de tached
2400 % 3600 Semi-detached 1200
2735 2735
0
Source : Primary Survey
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Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
7676
76
(Based on no. of DU)
314
314
344
6157
786Ch awl
Se mi de tached
6157 61
(Based on no.
0
Se mi de tached
0 : Primary Survey Source Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched
Source : Primary Survey
Apart
786
344
1200 Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched
Total Dwelling Total Dwelling Units Units
Non-residen
% % Apartment Apartment
4713
0
0 Apa rtment Ro wh ouse Deta ched
3600 4800
2400 (Based on no. of DU)
1259
1047
4800 6000
Semi-detached
4713
Rowhouse Non-residential Rowhouse
0 Ch awl
Total Dwelling Units
Total Dwelling Total Dwelling Units
6.3 Residential Built Typology and its Property Prices
25m
25m
17m
15m
18m
Built Form Matrix : Traditional and Modern Building Typology
20m 16m
12m
6m
RAW-HOUSE
DETACHED
62% GROUND COVERAGE FSI : 0.97
FSI : 0.74
36% GROUND COVERAGE
20m
APARTMENT
34% GROUND COVERAGE FSI : 0.97
The residential built typology of Rajula precinct is mostly low rise with low density ground oriented built forms like pol houses of Ahmedabad (row houses and semi-detached dwellings). While in Ahmedabad precinct there are more high rise apartments and individual semi-detached bungalows. In this precinct due to high rise buildings and individual bungalows with marginal boundary walls, the social life of the residents is disconnected from one another and residential units are more or less inactive. While in low rise built form of Rajula precinct, most of the buildings are sharing common walls where people are socially connected to each other and they have active residential frontages.
RETAIL
NON- RETAIL
FSI : 2.0
FSI : 5.0
100% GROUND COVERAGE
100% GROUND COVERAGE
In rajula precinct, the minimum residential property price per square meter is 9,680 rupees within core old town and it increases to 43,040 rupees near Clock tower road and bus station. Ahmedabad precinct has minimum residential property price starts at 48,183 rupees per square meter and maximum is 70,079 rupees per square meter.
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9 5
9 5
6
6 2
4.7 Ownership PublicLand and Private Land Ownership
8 Density (DUs) with Floor Space Index (FSI) in Rajula 4 8 4 Unit Dwelling
Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat
1
3
31 %
9 5
69 %
2 4
Public
8
1 7
1. Vacant 2. Public Utility 3. Residential 4. Open Space 5. Religious
8
8 10
10
Private Private
6969
% % Public Public
1. Vacant1. Vacant 2. Public 2. Utility Public Utility 3. Residential 3. Residential 4.10 Open Space 4. Open Space 5. Religious 5. Religious
Private
% Public Plot wise
Public
1
7
Private 3131 Ownership
8
31
7
Public Ownership
6
Public
2
% % Private Private
6. Commercial 6. Commercial 7. Institutional 7. Institutional 8. Transport 8. Transport 9. Defunct 9. Defunct 10. Agriculture 10. Agriculture
Source : Primary SourceSurvey : Primary Survey
69
%
Private Non-Residential Floor Space 6. Commercial 7. Institutional 8. Transport 9. Defunct 10. Agriculture
Source : Primary Survey
2,67,913 m2
Total NonResidential Floor Space
38
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
27.4
166
Net Residential DUs / Ha
1.2 Net FSI
0.65
Population / Ha
0.01
Gross FSI Lowest FSI
5.0
Highest FSI
Comparison of Rajula and Memnagar, Ahmedabad Precinct high with Net SFI and Gross FSI consumed along with lowest and highe
4.9
6.4 Dwelling Units per Hectare and Floor Space Index (FSI)
Plot wise Floor Space Index
a and Memnagar Precinct Gujarat Ahmedabad,
0 0.1 – 1.0 1.1 – 2.0
2.1 – 3.0 3.1 – 4.0 4.1 – 5.0
61.5
5.1 – 6.0 6.1 – 7.0 7.1 – 8.0
Net Residential DUs / Ha
1.5
1.0
Gross FSI Net FSI
289
> 8.0
1.5
Population / Ha
Net FSI
1.00.080.08
5.6 5.6
FSIFSI GrossLowest FSI FSI Lowest FSI Highest Highest
Source : Primary Survey
hlights dwelling units and population density per hectare of land est FSI within the same area of a square kilometer.
Rajula precinct is an out-come of an organic development over a time. There were no particular restrictions on building and factors like FSI have never practiced here. People have built as per their requirement maintaining ground floor and above floor if needed. The figures in the analysis are the resultant of what is present in the precinct. In Ahmedabad precinct FSI is regulated by the development control regulation department. From both the figures, in Rajula precinct it is evident that even with the horizontal growth on ground seems to be very dense; it has low density dwelling units with less number of population per hectare of land as compared to that of Ahmedabad precinct with high rise high density of built fabric. Rajula precinct represents a model of the Hybrid Development which indicates that it has low rise low built where maximum number of dwellings have more flexible spaces on ground for various daily activities. These dwellings can expand incrementally in the same piece of land whenever it is required. In case of a city where built and land values per dwelling is very expensive people therefore have to compromise on their space utilizations.
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7.
CHOICES Choices and Preferences
A 5 (Five) Minute Town : Rajula
Rajula is a town of inclusive, vibrant and healthy neighborhood. The Five Minute neighborhood is all about living locally that gives people the ability to meet most of their daily needs within a five minute walk from home.
HOME
COMM
HOUSING OPTION
MOD TRANS
This walkable neighborhood is well connected through a mix land-uses, different housing typologies, job centers and access to local public transport which creates a healthy communities. These connected and walkable places are where people can live, work and play.
CORE COMMUNITY
WALK /
As per the standards, 800 meter is the maximum distance people are willing to walk to meet their daily needs locally. In Rajula, most of the services are within 400 meter distance which takes about five minute journey from home to a destination.
LOW INCOME AREA
CA
PERIPHERY
BU
Source : Household Survey
40
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
NEW SOCIETIES
BIKE / S
7.1 The Choices that makes Rajula as a Five Minute Neighborhood STATUS OF HOUSING AND HH CHARACTERISTICS
Status of Housing and its House Hold characteristics
7,150
Total Hous
98.5% o
MUTE
WORK
81.1% o
79.7% o 40.5 %
0.4% of
Average Pe
DE OF SPORT
/ CYCLE
AR
US
Row Houses
DISTANCE TO WORK
STATUS OF HOUSING AND HH CHARACTERISTICS
AGRICULTURE LABOURER
COOTER
18.3 m
26.4 m Apartments
7,150
Total Housing stock (Res. & Non- Res.) 98.5% of Housing Stock (Residen7al) 81.1% of HH staying in owned houses
VENDOR
79.7% of HH with toilet within the premises
VEG. MARKET
40.5 % of HH with water supply within the premises 0.4% of Slum Households
APMC
Average Per Capita Space consumed (M2)
SCHOOL/HOSPITAL
18.3 m2
21.3 m2
SERVICE - COMPONY
26.4 m2
30 m2
Row Houses
Apartments
Detached Houses
Semi - Detached
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HOUSING CHOICES THAT PEOPLE MAKE OVER A
Housing Preferences
Housing Choices that People make over a period of ti
S
1 Km Radius
No. of Households
1 Km Radius
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
05
09
No. of Households
ES
Below 10,000
10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 25,000 50,000 1, 00,000
1- 2 Lakhs
Above 2 Lakhs
Monthly Income [₹]
• Inherited Grandfather’s Row House Migrated from Semi-Detached Chawl Other Marriage Monthly Income [₹] • Occupation Vaghnagar to Rajula Apartment Detached Row House Agriculture. due to Indian famine Semi-Detached Chawl Income Other • Lower groups spent their • House near River of 1899-90 most of the monthly expenses on • Lower Income groups spent their Housing Food.on most of the monthlyand expenses Housing Food.most of the Income • and Across
e
•
trt
Below 10,000
•
10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 -Detached 1- 2 Above 2 Apartment 25,000 50,000 1, 00,000 Lakhs Lakhs •
33%
15%
Across most of the Income groups, expenditure is more on groups, expenditure is moreSurvey on food. Source : Household food. Distance to Work & Near to Educational • Social Amenities In Middle Income
Institutes groups,
In Middle Income groups, New Society Living expenditure is equally spent on Core- Mix-community Living New Society Living expenditure is equally spent on Core- Mix-community Living transport RowHouses and apartments transport due to workdue and to work and Bharwad (Maldhari) community RowHouses and apartments Bharwad (Maldhari) community businesses. Public Infrastructure Near to Public Apartments & Bunglowsbusinesses. Khoja(Shiya) (Shiya) community RentedRented Apartments & Bunglows Khoja community •
Lower community LowerIncome Income community
SampleSample StudiedStudied
10%
09%
Services
Transport
Preferences for Housing Choices
42
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
A PERIOD OF TIME
7.2 Housing : People Prefer to stay in Community Living
times : case study
05
08
• HH Increased Father separated from Joint family Incremental housing. • • Elder brother got Stayed in rental separated. Housing 9.3 Housing typology [Income wise]for 4 years. •
•
•
Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
No. of Households
r.
17
• •
Bought same Inherited house and re-built it. HH size increased Incremental Housing.
07
• • •
Bought New House. Investment. Given on Rent.
The quality and desirability of a house is affected by its physical surroundings and by the services and amenities available in the location. (Lindamood, et al, 1978: 86)
Below 10,000
10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 25,000 50,000 1, 00,000
1- 2 Lakhs
Above 2 Lakhs
Monthly Income [₹] Apartment Semi-Detached
Detached Chawl
Row House Other
In Rajula, people make choices for the neighborhood that is in close proximity to their work places, Social amenities, daily Shopping, schools, recreational areas, Transport facility and is queit, clean, safe and stable. A home that has a locational advantage is more valuable and desirable than the same home without these.
IncomeTop wise Housing Typology 2 preferences for housing choices
33% Distance to Work & Social Amenities
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WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION AND MODE SHARE
7.3 Jobs and
35%
Workforce Participation and Work Trip Mode Share WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION AND MODE SHARE
Non-working
35%
lakhs
lakhs
Sq.km
Sq.km
Km
Km
lakhs 0.12 lakhs 1.3 km length 7.6 Total Workers NMTKm trip PT Km tripkm length
Total TownWorkers Workers
44
NMT length PT trip length NMTtrip Trip Length PT Trip Length
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
In
Toal Workers
Clas
Industr
Toal Workers
ClassificaPon of
54%
Male
54%
Male
Based Mode Share
lakhs
Gender Based ModeGender Share
0.38lakhs 2.32 2.32Sq.km 0.38 Town PopulaPon2.32 Toal Town Area TownPopulaPon Population Toal Town Area Town Town Area 0.12 1.3 1.3 7.67.6 0.12
32.5%
32.5%
ParPcipaPon Rate by Gender
Workforce Workforce ParPcipaPon ParPcipaPon Rate byWorkforce Gender Rate in Workforce Rajula
ParPcipaPon Rate in Rajula
Non-working
11%
11%
9
Female
Ma
90% Wo1
Female
Main Worker
03%
06%
M W
•
A
PT PTAgricultureC: 03%Male 06% Female share share Male PT share
Female PT share
• •
•
• :H Cultivator 0
1.6% 1.4 %HH IndustrieO •
•
1.6%Male Trip 1.4 %Female TripOther Worke •
Length Male TripLengthFemale Trip Length
Length
d Livelihood : One-Third of the Town’s population is Working Population
rial
M = 15% F = 03%
Transport Bicycle 14%
Workers
M = 27% On foot 29%
F = 39%
M = 24%
2% 4% Scooter 22%
12%
f Workers
10%
Marginal Worker
: 12%
04%
es: 02%
ers : 82%
F = 10%
82% Car 1%
Indu. Workers ClassificaPon OTHER AGRICULTURE No Travel CULTIVATOR 26% HH INDUSRTIES
Auto 2%
M = 24% F = 38%
Other ClassificaPon 82% • •
Bus 4%
•
Any other 2%
•
• • •
Pipavav Sea Port L&T Cement APMC Schools Construc7on Shops Offices.
Rajula’s one third of the total population is working population. Location of Job centers and its proximity plays a major role in people’s choices as in where to stay and how far to commute for work. The Span of the Town is 2.32 Sq.km where people prefer to walk on average 1.3 km to their work places daily. There is large amount of in migration workers from other state to Rajula due to Pipavav sea port & ship building, and UltrTech Cement Plant in a close proximity.
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Existing Public Transportation System To Amreli - Rajkot
To
ar
ng
Du
huva
a To M
Dhaterwadi Dam
Rickshaw Stand Taxi Stand
Bus Stand
No. of People
11.6
Rajula Bus Station Bus Stops
Bypass road junction
43%
Km PT Trip Length
0-1
1-5
On Foot Bicycle Bus
To Jafarabad
5-10
10- 20
20- 30
Work Trip NMT Share
Amreli District, Gujarat
above 30
Moped/Scooter/Motor Cycle Car/Jeep/Van Autorickshaw/Taxi/Tempo
Train Any other No Travel
Trip length vs Mode
40 35 30 25
80%
No. of People
No. of Households
100%
60% 40% 20% 0%
Work Trip
In Rajula, about 43% of the total work trips are done by walking and bicycle and about 22% work trips are done by the two wheelers. This is because of higher accessibility, connectivity and proximity. In Rajula, about 45% of the total Vehicle Ownership and Mobility Rajula, Dist. Amreli, Gujarat Households owns two wheeler and use it as Trip length vs Mode share a private mode of transport because it is also very economical and comfortable. Rajula has a State Bus Service as Public Transport (PT) which share only 4% work trips. This trips are generally made by students and local people coming from neighboring villages for education, daily/ weekly shopping, checkup, etc. -Mode share 11.3 health Trip length Distribution
Household wise vehicle ownership
20 15 10 5
Below 10,000
10,001 25,000
No vehicles 4 wheeler Source : Primary Survey
46
PT Share
Distance in KM
State Bus Route Bypass Road
7.6
Thousands
Taxi & Rickshaw Stands
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
04%
Km PT Trip Length
Mahuva Jagatnaka
Agaria Jagatnaka
1.3
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
25,001 50,000
50,001 - 1 - 2 Lakhs Above 2 1,00,000 Lakhs
Monthly Income Bicycle 3 wheeler
2 wheeler Other vehicles
0
0-1
2-5
On Foot Bicycle Bus
1.3
km NMT Trip Length
6-10
11-20
21-30
31-50
Distance in KM
Moped/Scooter/Motor Cycle Car/Jeep/Van Autorickshaw/Taxi/Tempo
51+
Train Any other No Travel
7.6
km PT Trip Length
7.4 Transportation System : More People on the Street than Machines A Five minute Town : a schematic PT route map
NUTE TOWN
PT takes, on Average
1.3 times
#1. Haveli Chowk
PT takes, on Average
Longer than Private 1.3 times
#2. Mahuva Jagatnaka
Haveli Chowk
Mode onger than Private Mode Ave. PT PT Fare : Rs. Ave. Fare: Rs.22/22/-
Distance: 1.2 km Time : 5 minute Mahuva Jagatnaka Mahuva Jagatnaka
Sukhnath Temple
Than that of a Car hatPrivate of a Car - Private Mode Mode Ave. CAR Fare : Rs. 15/Ave. Car Fare: Rs. 15/-
River
River
1.4times times 1.4
Dhaterwadi
PT Cost, on Average
Sukhnath Temple
Dhaterwadi
PT Cost, on Average
Distance: 0.35 km Time : <1 minute
Haveli Chowk
PT Cost, on Average
4.8times times 4.8
a Two Mode hatThan of a that Bikeof - Private Wheelers - Private Mode Ave. Bike Fare : Rs. 4.5/Ave. Car Fare: Rs. 4.5/-
ource : Household Survey
Distance: 0.8 km Time : 4 minute
#4. Bus Station
Core City
Distance: 1.2 km Time : 5 minute
Core City
Clock Tower
#5. Hindorna Chowkdi
APMC
Clock Tower
APMC
Distance: 4.2 km Time : 10 minute City Bus BusStation Station CalorxCalorx Public Public School School
PT Cost, on Average
#3. Clock Tower
Predominantly Predominantly Urban
Urban
#6. APMC
Distance: 1.1 km Time : 4 minute
#7. Calorx School Distance: 1.9 km Time : 8 minute
#8. Sukhnath Temple Hindorna Crossroad
Distance: 0.7 km Time : <1 minute
Hindorna Crossroad
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8. Conclusion
48
Understanding the City Studio | Rajula-Amreli |2020
Rajula precinct has a dual character of Urban Form (Hybrid Urban Form) that is, Organic and Planned where the Organic encourages a more pedestrian friendly environment and Planned allows smooth flow of vehicular movement. In this case there is a collision of both the fabrics which is complementing each other. The precinct has seen a major change in its character in the past two decades due to new industries setups and the development of seaport. There has been a significant change in the building typology from pitched roof buildings to a terraced typology due to change in building material for construction. Change in land use from agriculture has given rise to new residential and commercial development in the suburb area. In a small town like Rajula where the lifestyle of the people is traditional and this lifestyle is also reflected in the use of streets. Most of the activities in Rajula are ground oriented and accessible in a short run. The precinct is in the transition stage where it is experiencing the incremental growth in core residential areas of the old town and new residential typologies like apartment buildings and detached bungalows near bus station areas. Precinct is experiencing a significant change in commercial activities along the Clock tower road where vacant plots and residential buildings in the vicinity area are getting converted into commercial complexes due to increase in high land value.
List of Works Cited
Amreli District Administration. (2006). Amreli – An overview. https://amrelidp.gujarat.gov.in/amreli/documents/ prakashano.pdf Amrani, S. L., Toprani, N.R. (Ed.). (2018). District Human Development Plan – Amreli District. https://amreli.nic.in/document/district-humandevelopment-plan/ District Census Handbook - Amreli. (2011). Village and town directory. (Series-25) (Part XII-B) https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/ DCHB_A/24/2413_PART_A_DCHB_AMRELI.pdf District Census Handbook - Amreli. (1971). Village and town directory. (Series-5) (Part X-A&B) http://lsi. gov.in:8081/jspui/ bitstream/123456789/3733/1/42264_1971_AMR.pdf
Understanding the City Studio | 2020 PUH20409 | Yasin Kabaria Faculty of Planning | CEPT University Ahmedabad