Ya y o i S a t o
Po r t f o l i o Selected works 2017
Te x t i l e s t r u c t u r e a n d A l g o r i t h m i c p a t t e r n in Architecture
F
abric has drawn attention of many artists
textile which consists of interlacing of yarns, and
Thesis project
and architects who are engaged in creation
seek the possibility of it to faรงade of architecture
The Glasgow School of Art, Master of
of space. It is pneumatic and permeable, and it
as a high performing skin. By collaborating
Architectural studies
always responds to the environment such as wind
digital and craft tool: grasshopper and loom,
2013-2014
and sunshine. Different from usual architectural
this project proposes innovative solution for
materials such as woods, concrete and metals,
space creation with textile algorithm.
fabric can transform flexibly and unexpectedly. This thesis project focuses on the structure of
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Location: Glasgow, UK Duration: 7 months
Historical buildings covered by woven skin
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INVESTIGATION OF WOVEN STRUCTURE
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02
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1,2,3: different amount of light because of different pattern 4: Layered pattern 5: Tensioned pattern
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Different density and pattern of fabric result to different size of openings and vary amount of light shining through the pattern. Woven structure is porous, but it is not transparent. Therefore it can work as cutting off view with keeping natural light which comes from outside. It can manipulate both amount of light and transparency. Also, woven structure can be deformed by tension. Depending on the degree of tension force, opening size of pattern is varied on the same surface. It suggests that the pattern can be more flexibly respond to both functional and aesthetic requirements.
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Experiments on a loom: Learning the process of weaving
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1st Step. GENERATE ALGORITHM OF WOVEN GEOMETRY
WEAVING PROCESS ON LOAM 1. Choose the thread. (material, thickness, color, etc..)
2. Set up the warp
3. Decide the size of gap between threads
To extract rules of weaving, I learnt a fundamental knowledge of
weaving
and
fabrication
process of fabric. In addition this experiment showed how structure and performance of woven fabric corelate each other.
PUT THE RULES OF WEAVING INTO GRASSHOPPER
Set of points going to make resulted pattern
Number slider for the amplitude of wavy yarns
Generating weft yarns
Number slider for the size of gap between yarns
Woven geometry could be generated in algorithmic way by putting an information of weaving into grasshopper. Basically, two essential steps exist in algorithm of textile structure. Firstly yarns intersect each other to make three-dimensional geometry. Secondly units of the geometry repeat to make a pattern. Generating warp yarns
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WEAVING PROCESS IN ALGORITHMIC WAY 4. Set up the pattern of weaving (the way of intersection of warp and weft )
5. Weave the weft through the warp
1. Generate set of points which make resulted pattern.
2. Duplicate set of points.
3. Connect points which is selected dependent on the intentional pattern. Determining the composition of different kinds of wavy yarns
Thickness of weft yarns
4. Make the undulating curves had thickness.
Composition of two kinds of wavy yarns
Thickness of warp yarns
5. Incorporate warp and weft.
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3D printed woven geometries with different thickness
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Woven metal
INVESTIGATION OF FIBRE MATERIALS
Practical/ Durable/ Nonflammable/ ResistTextile-based pattern consists of warp and weft threads. Different from general architectural materials such as concrete and timber, it is composite of materials. The unique structure of the pattern can be represented by using fibre material as making up fabric.
ant to corrosion/ Easy to handle Strength
Architectural precedents
Durability
Notable feature: Nonflammable
Carbon fibre
PTFE fibre
High stiffness/ High tensile strength/ Lightweight/
High tenacities at ambient and elevated temper-
High chemical resistance/ High temperature toler-
atures/ UV and chemical resistance/ High tensile
ance/ Low thermal expansion.
performance/ High durability/ Can be manipulated
Strength
Architectural precedents
Durability
Notable feature: Lightweight
diversely Strength
Architectural precedents
Durability
Notable feature: Can be manipulated diversely
Glass fibre
Polyethylene(PE) fibre
High thermal insulation/ Not as strong or as rigid
High strength(15tims higher than steel and 40%
as carbon fiber but it is much cheaper and signifi-
stronger than aramid fiber)/ Lightweight/ UV re-
cantly less brittle.
sistance/ High durability/ Moisture resistance
Strength
Architectural precedents
Strength
Architectural precedents
Durability
Notable feature: High thermal insulation
Durability
Notable feature: High strength
Aramid fibre
PET fibre
High tensile strength/ High resilience
Water and moisture resistant/ Semi-rigid to rigid/ Very lightweight/ More practical to be
Strength
Architectural precedents
Durability
Notable feature: High tensile strength
recycled than other platic applications. Strength
Architectural precedents
Durability
Notable feature: Recycable
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2ns Step.APPLY WOVEN STRUCTURE TO ARCHITECTURE
Site of the project is Virginia Street in merchant city which used to be the central part of tobacco trade. Most of tobacco merchants called tobacco lords who built up
Existing buildings
New attached volume
(Old tenaments)
prosperity of Glasgow had their offices, houses and warehouses in Virginia Street. There are still historically important buildings in the street, and most of them are listed for conservation.
Bank(19th century) listed A
Saving bank headquarter Tenement (19th century) listed C
(19th century) listed A
Tenement (19th century) listed C Tenement (19th century) listed A Tenement (19th century) listed A Stirling’s Library (19th century) listed B Tobacco merchant’s house (18th century) listed A
Three buildings which used to be tenements in 19th Commercial premises (19th century) listed B
to be refurbished, and converted to a library for
Trade’s house (18th century)
documents about the merchant city and space for
listed A
commercial use.
Scottish Legal Life Building (19th century) listed B Tenament listed B Offices of Gas Light Company(19th century) listed A
Warehouse (20th century) listed B
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century and new attached volume are woven together
Information extracted from the site such as elements of facades like material and decorative objects is translated into weaving draft, then generated various pattern derived from existing buildings. In addition, pattern information extracted from elevation like alignment of openings like windows and doors on the wall could be sources of woven patterns.
Brick/Block like alignment
Vertical row of wall decoration
Rubble like randomness
Conceptual model of woven skin
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14 Circulation
Steel structure
Outer skin of the new building
Existing building’s envelope
Inner skin
Additional structure for hanging the inner skin
Existing roof structure
Outer skin
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
0.72g/cm3
1.7 W/m.K
0.8 W/m.K
0.16 W/m.K
Stone block
Glass
Wood (oak)
2.7g/cm3
0.7 W/m.K
Brick
2.6g/cm3
1.6g/cm3
1.4 W/m.K
2.1g/cm3
Density
PTFE: 2.16g/cm3 Glass fibre: 0.15g/cm3
Density of material
PTFE: 0.25 W/m.K Glass fibre: 0.04 W/m.K
Thermal conductivity of material
PTFE: 2.16g/cm3 Glass fibre: 0.15g/cm3
Density of material
PTFE: 0.25 W/m.K Glass fibre: 0.04 W/m.K
Thermal conductivity of material
2.16g/cm3
Density of material
0.25 W/m.K
Thermal conductivity of material
Concrete
Thermal conductivity
Fabric skin Warp/Weft: PTFE fibre
PTFE membrane Retractable for ventilation
Fabric skin Warp: PTFE fibre Weft: Glass fibre reinforced polymer
Fabric skin Warp: PTFE fibre Weft: Glass fibre reinforced polymer
Fabric skin Warp/Weft: PTFE fibre
Existing masonry wall
Glazing
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9 L shaped steel plate
8 Adjusting device for warp of woven skin/ steel tube
7 Warp and weft of the woven skin/ PTFE fibre
6 Canopy/ sheet steel
5 Entrance door/ sheet steel veneering
4 Double glazing
3 Reinforced steel slab
painted finish
2 Existing stone wall, thermal insulation, lime render,
1 Existing steel truss
of the light in the rooms.
adjusting devices, and the woven skin can adjust the amount
located on windows become smaller by the movement of the
facade with openings like windows, the gap between warp
the sun orientation. When the sun is oriented to the building’s
The pattern of the woven fabric can be changed dependent on
between cables which is warp of woven skin to be varied.
The hanging device of the woven skin allows the gap
3 Ball-bearing hinge
steel plate
2 Steel tube, connecting
stainless steel cable
1 Warp of the woven skin/
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2
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Outer skin Operable window
Existing wall Thermal inslation Inner skin PTFE fibre glass fibre reinforced polymer
Slope
The inner skin is hanged from the existing roof truss. The hanged steel warp supports the slopes as well as supporting woven inner skin. The sun light from the top light fills inside of the woven inner skin, and the light goes through the skin to the corridor space.
Reinforced steel slab
Fixed to concrete slab by anchor bolt Interior view of corridor
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Interior view of the space enveloped by inner skin 17
Glasgow Museum of Light
T
his is a museum which exhibits light. There
dependent on time, season and weather. There
Studio Work
is no drawings, sculptures, or installations
are four rooms for exhibiting different types of
The Glasgow School of Art, Master of
in the museum, and an exhibited thing is only
light. Both natural and artificial light invite visitor
Architectural studies
light. In the museum, people experience various
to meditation.
2013
character of light and shadow which changes Location: Glasgow, UK Duration: 2 months
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For receiving sunlight efficiently, a new axis which follows azimuth is set. Following this axis, two surfaces are generated. The South side surface is for geting abundant sunlight, and the North side surface is for reducing pressure on the adjacent buildings. The generated volume with these surfaces is sliced to louver for permeability of light.
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Louver The louver adjusts the light of each space.
material: wood
Volumes Each volume takes a role as an exhibition room, a library, and a cafe. Due to the difference of the size of openings and involvement of louver, light inside of each volume changes.
material: sand stone
Slab Because of sloped topography, inner space of the museum has also up and down.
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3 5
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2 4
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5
7
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Besides as a light museum, it can be used as a common space for students and residents. The museum will be a junction which connects people in various age, and the place where people can drop in freely.
1 Library
5 Exhibition room 4
2 Exhibition room 1
6 Cafe
3 Exhibition room 2
7 Auditorium
4 Exhibition room 3
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2 4
6
Section a
1 Library
5 Exhibition room 4
2 Exhibition room 1
6 Cafe
3 Exhibition room 2
7 Auditorium
4 Exhibition room 3
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Because of topographical feature, ceiling height of rooms change gradually higher as its location shift to East. Change of ceiling height influences on he light of each room, and differenciate atmosphere of rooms.
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3
Section b
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4 7
Section c
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Section d 25
A view of corridor 26
Natural light shines through the louver.
Exhibition room 1
Rhythmical shadow and light
Exterior view in night time
Exhibition room 4
Fainted light
Exhibition room 2
Blurred light
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Te x t i l e F o r e s t
F
or an imaginary company manufacturing
moved on the rails so that the size of rooms
Training work for new employees
fabric, this
be
can be changed as worker’s needs. Besides
Okamura corporation
changeable to various situation at workplace. In
dividing spaces, the textile panels can be
2009
this office, spaces are divided by textile panels
sample materials for their clients and source of
hanged from the ceiling. These panels can be
inspiration for workers.
office
was
designed
to
Program: Design of office Size: 200sqm Duration: 1 month
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Internal meeting room
Refresh corner Executive
Lobby
External meeting room
Office
Entrance
Textile panels divide whole space into area such as meeting rooms, office zone, executive zone, and a lobby. Size of each area can be changed dependent on the situation. Colorful textile panels make space blurred, and take a role as visual and light adjustment. In addition, they can work as acoustic insulation because of fabric character which absorbs sound.
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Office zone
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On the ceiling, there are curtain rails which hang textile panels and lighting ducts which install spotlights. Both textile panels and spot lights can be moved along rails according to user’s needs. Lighting duct
Curtain rail
Hanging wire
Spot light
Ceiling Fabric
Rails
Textile panel Bench
Textile panels
Meeting table
Besides textile panels, furniture such as bench and meeting table can also be hanged with rails on the ceiling.
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Internal meeting room
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In a bowl
B
ecause of its characteristic topography,
bottom to the surroundings. This project seeks
Thesis
Arakicho looks like a town on the bottom
how to utilize the topographical feature to create
Meiji University
of the bowl. Historically, there was a pond to
an ideal residential area and proposes a vertical
2007-2008
stop the spring water in Edo era, and it remains
living system that solves problems in highly
as a basin with 10m height difference from the
dense city.
Location: Tokyo, Japan Program: Residential area Duration: 5 months
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Arakicho is like a valley or hole of the urban city
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Housing volumes Housing volumes with various number of floors cover total sqm of the existing housing’s floor.
Mega floor
Mega floor can be both a road connecting surrounding city and an open space for
every. Sun light can go
through the voids into the bottom of the bowl.
Bowl-like topography
The characteristic topography enclose vernacular atmosphere of Arakicho. Bottom of the bowl is a private and common garden for residents in Arakicho.
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Generate a new context
Barcony
Vertical housing
Bed room
from characteristic
Bathroom
topography.
Dining room
By
changing
the
way
composing
rooms
horizontal
to
of
from vertical,
hierarchy of rooms become
Living room
clearer.
Entrance
to
It
array
makes rooms
possible vertically
following their character in Split
Stack
terms of privacy.
Vertically use of space
By utilizing space vertically, inside of the bowl-like space becomes more comfortable and used in more efficient way. Stack and generate space
Exploit surrounding context
Generate new grid
The
shapes
based on the context
the
mega
and floor
voids
of
follow
a
grid which is based on the contour line and the roads connecting surrounding city and Arakicho.
New skyline of Arakicho
Height
following surrounding
is
context
building’s height. The volume
of
decided
each by
volume surround
which is side of high building, low
high
it’ height is high and vice versa.
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New landscape of the city
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2
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3
4
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12
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Plan of the mega floor level Some of volumes are used for commercial like a store, and the others are entraces for the housings.
1 Balcony
8 Balcony
2 Dining room / Bed room
9 Bed room / Bath room
3 Bathroom
10 Dining room
4 Shop
11 Shop
5 Living room / Dining
12 Living room
room
13 Dining room
6 Bed room
14 Bathroom
7 Bath room
15 Bed room 39
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Arch Scape Pr o p o s a l o f Ye o u i - N a r u Fe r r y t e r m i n a l
A
number of bridges crossing over Han river
landscape and always welcomes people both
Competition / Personal work
are one of the symbol of Seoul city as
from inside and outside. Our proposal aims to
2017
they have been connected people and culture
create a landmark of Seoul city as a part of the
between South and North. The sequential view
landscape where people gain new experiences
Location: Seoul, Republic of Korea
of repetition of the bridges generates unique
and activities at Han river.
Program: Ferry terminal Size: 2000sqm
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H A N
Mapo Bridge
R I V E R
YeouiNaru
Yeouijeong
Car Park
Yeoui-Maru
Ari Cultural Center
Yeoui Naru Station Exit
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CITY
RIVER
Ferry terminal
extr
ude
LANDSCAPE
TRAFFIC
F LO O D P R E V E N T I O N
additional car park in the future PARKING
POND
STREAM
PROMENADE
BIOTOPE
pervious pavement
LAWN YARD flooding level 4.9m
PROMENADE
The new planned road between existing car park and Yeouijeong enables buses, taxis and cars for services to get closer to Yeoijeong and Yeoui-Naru. Also, amphibious buses will4 be 4 able to access the river in the future by maintaining existing road from parking to shore. The space for future car park is considered in anticipation of increase of cars.
Three different gardens, biotope, pond and lawn yard, are planned to encourage the activities of riverside. The pond produces beautiful water landscape harmonizing with the existing stream.
To water pipe
BIOTOPE
average water level
Biotope and shore in front of Yeouijeong are able to retain excess flood and rainwater, and Yeouijeing is lifted to safe level. Rainwater is collected through pervious pavement on the promenade and soil of the biotope, and join to existing water system.
STRUCTURE 1
The cantilever roof is supported by
ROOFTOP
center wall of X axis and triangular shape walls of Y axis. The triangular shaped section generated from two DOWN
half arches is advantageous to the
DOWN
structure as the angled part of the section plays a role as a supporting beam.
2
SUSTAINABILITY SUN Sunlight
gently
gets
into
inside
through the waffle roof. As the light
1 Observatory 2 Pedestrian bridge
TO Yeoui-Naru Station
reflects on each panel of the roof, the light spreads over the inner space. Y
X
AIR Inside air circulate efficiently through the corridors and keeps the inner space comfortable. RAIN Rain water falling on the roof goes down to center of the roof and
GLOUND FLOOR
caught to the pipes for the reuse. rain
sun
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UP 3
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2
4 5
7
6
14
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7 14
6
8
12
1
15 TO Shore
1 2 3 4
1
UP
11 8
1
10
Waiting Area Ticket Office Ticket Vendor Information Counter
5 Office (Lost children facilities) 6 Storage 7 Female WC 8 Male WC 9 Accessible WC 10 Cafe / Bar 11 Kitchen 12 Shop 13 Kiosk 14 Corridor 15 Terrace
air
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Interior view of Ferry terminal
Exterior views
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B l u r r e d Fa c a d e
T
his project focuses on the relationshipe
extract these information to recompose blurred
Studio Work
between
human perception and a facade
facades which must be more like perceived
The Glasgow School of Art, Master of
of buildings. Facades of buildings are often
facades. By using “processing” which is the
Architectural studies
perceived
eyes
software of programming and coding, facades
2014
generally
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in
blur
focus
on
because objects
people’s
people
are decomposed to pieces of colors, and they
are heading for. In visual sphere, facades of
which
are recomposed to new facades. The series of
Duration: 3 weeks
buildings are more abstract than their actual
outputted images reveal how color information
Type of Work: Analysis of facade’s composition
forms. By regarding facades of buildings as
influences on the recognition of the composed
composition of colors which include shadow, I
facade.
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+
+
if (b>50) - Dots don’t appear
if (g>50) - Dots don’t appear
if (r>150) or (r<140) - Dots don’t appear
Other - Dots appear
Other - Dots appear
Other - Dots appear
Because of different constraint of colors, three images represent different composition of colored dots. Basically low numerical value of (r,g,b) shows dark color. Therefore, in case of showing light color like beige, the constraint of color needs to be set large nuber for each. Although above three images are blurred and hard to be recognized what they are, once they are layered, the resulted image shows ambiguous out line of the sequence of the buildings’ facade.
Layered image
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Glasgow
Germany
Spain
Portugal
London
Copenhagen
1
5
9
13
16
19
2
6
10
14
17
20
3
7
11
15
18
4
8
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1.Gallery/ 2.Office building/ 3. Housing/ 4. Cathedral/ 5. Student accomodation of Bauhaus/
A series of outputted images shows that facades consist
6.Gallery by David Chipperfield/
of not only elements of buildings. Shadow, sign boards,
8.Museum by Diener&Diener/
7. Library by David Chipperfield/
plants, and something make up facades of the buildings.
9.Casa Battlo/ 10. Housing in
Furthermore outputted facades with colored dots which
Barcelona/ 12.Office building by
release the shape information show characteristics of each city more clearly. For example, the facades of buildings
Barcelona/ 11.Apartment in David Chipperfield/ 13.Housings in Porto/ 14.Housings in Porto/ 15.Housings in Lisbon/ 16.Ware
in Spain and Portugal are respectively colorful compared
houses/ 17.British museum/
to the other, while color saturation of the facades in
station/ 20. Apartment by Arne
Germany is low.
18.Tenement houses/ 19.Central Jacobsen
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H o u s e f o r Pa r e n t s
S
ince children had left and just parents lived
by sliding doors and curtains so that natural
House Renovation / Personal work
in the house, the space was too big and did
daylight and wind can be distributed to every
2015-2016
not match their lifestyle. Also lots of personal
area of the house when they are opened. In
stuff occupied throughout the house. To sort out
addition, Dividing space with minimum amount
Location: Kanagawa, Japan
these problems, a new plan was designed with a
of wall allows residents to access each area
Program: Housing
concept â&#x20AC;&#x153;living simplyâ&#x20AC;?. 90sqm space is divided
easily and gets rid of hierarchy between rooms.
Size: 95sqm Duration: Design/ 6months, Construction/ 3months
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WALL
Reduced amount of walls and rooms to get more natural light and breeze into inside.
Before
After
STORAGE
Rearranged the position of storages which were dispersed throughout the house.
EXISTING PLAN The flat was typical Japanese apartment which had several number of rooms connected with corridor. The corridor and rooms cut off the natural light and wind from the windows. In addition, too many things like books and clothes occupied the space and make the house messy.
Before
After 55
Wall
Curtain
Shelf unit
The space is divided by three types of divider, wall, curtain and shelf unit. With minimum number of dividers, entire house is filled with natural daylight.
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FIRST PROPOSED PLAN
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