Work Portfolio on Urbanism by Yeeun Boo

Portfolio on Urbansim Selected Works 2017-2021

Yeeun Esther Boo 부 예은 夫睿誾 TU Delft, European Post-master in Urbanism estherboo94@gmail.com

As trained as urban designer and researcher, I have vast range of backgrounds from civil engineering to urban design as well as placesensitive experiences from Asia to Europe. My main research question is stemmed from the intertwining relationship between globality and locality: how one leverages, transmits and outsources one another. This has led me to explore the abandoned remnants for its potential to be restored, and to utilize design as powerful tool to pursue the resilient transitions.

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Proposition

Deeply trapped in the era of globalism, urbanism with complexity and uncertainty in contemporary era is in crisis, especially those fragile who haven’t advanced enough. The powerful hegemonic trends, concepts, and ideologies such as compactness, integration or sustainability should likely gain the political attention, therefore transcending power from one another mostly in one direction. In the process of imposing, the global urban convergence have fallen apart to create the crumbling and polarized territories in the wave of neoliberalism, capitalism and consumerism. In questioning the gliding scale of such models, we need to be vigilant how to bridge the embedded dichotomies: practice and academic; blueprint and process; topdown and bottom-up; and fundamentally, global and local. Urbanism should be seen as a new kind of commons that has spatial consequences transversely interconnected to social and political reforms. Such collectivity should be seen as synthesis of pluralism in urbanism, which embracing multiple layers. We should pay attention to how underlying forces such as economic, social, and environmental factors were transferred in physical forms. Based on that, design, as a content should be a profound vessel that is extensive enough to leverage, transmit, outsource, and bridge towards coexistence and promote the synergetic capital. We designers should make use of the power of mapping to act as knowledge producer beyond the data and information. It is our responsibility to shape the dynamic built environment in pursuing better resilient future. This portfolio is the ongoing journey in exploring what the appropriate answers are, in oscillating between concrete practices and theoretical abstractions. To this end, I unfolds the emergence of territory across regions as a field of design pracxis, which can be deduced as territories of patterns, flows, tactics, visions, places, processes, and workshops.

Proposition

7 1 5 6

[pattern] from tabula rasa to tabula script - densification, Seoul, KR

2 [flow] coexistence of Here and there - network, London, UK

[vision] stiching the fragmentation - water, Goyang, KR

[place] The mode of life retrofitting, Seoul, KR

[tactic] Operative landscape catalyst, AMA, NL

[vision] Grand agriculture projection - transition, Tashkent, UZB

[process] rural-urban continuum - Transversality, Java, INa

[workshop] roadmap for cultual Destination - locality, Paramaribo, SUR

Contents Proposition

PART 2 - RESEARCH-WITH-DATA

PART 1 - RESEARCH-BY-DESIGN

07 - METRO JAVA 2045

The Model for Unlocking the Heterogeneous Rural Landscape Project, 2020 ~ ongoing

01 - REIMAGINING THE NEW DENSITY IN APARTMENT URBANISM 09 The Conflicted Social and Economic Space of Apartment Complexes in Seoul, Korea TU Delft Graduation Project, 2021-Spring

02 - CULTIVATING THE CO-EXISTENCE

PART 3 - THE OTHERS 08 - REIMAGINING THE HEERENSTRAAT

Urban Transformation Promoting Mixed-use and Climate Adaptive Development in the Lea Valley, London

Active Heritage in Paramaribo’s Historic Inner City Workshop, 2019-October

TU Delft Design Studio, 2020-Spring

09 - SKETCHES 03 - LIVING LOOP X HOOFDDORP

Drawing as Medium

Individual works, n.d.

Individual Project on Schiphol Loop, the Strategies for Consolidated Infrastructural Landscape TU Delft Design Studio, 2019-Fall

04 - TRI-LAB

Masterplan for a New Hi-Tech City as Test-Bed SNU Design Studio 3, 2018-Spring

05 - STICHING THE URBAN FABRIC

Threading the Water, Place and the People SNU Living Lab Studio, 2017-Fall

06 - RE; HAB:

Livable Living Space in Daily Life SNU Design Studio 1, 2017-Spring

Contents

GLOBAL VS. LOCAL

RESEARCH-BY-DESIGN

DESIGN STUDIO

Development restriction areas Decreased territory

Land readjustment program

Apartment District zoning

Major road networks

Slum Clearance

Railway

40 km

FIG. 1.0 Territory of Seoul during 1972-1981 where the proliferation of southern Han River areas and acceleration of enlargement started in support of national policies and programs. ©Yeeun Boo (source: Seoul City Master Plan, 1965; Urban Planning Planning History Book, 1997; Seoul Museum of History, n.d.)

While the densification is the one of the core in contemporary society which interpolates the prevailing theories and manifests through the ages, the quantitative density in Seoul challenges the ordering structure that enables the richness of everyday life.

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1 – Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism The conflicted social and economic space of apartment complexes in Seoul, Korea

–– Location: –– date: –– Academic: –– individual: –– programs: –– supervisors:

Seoul, Republic of Korea January ~ September ,2021 TU Delft graduation project Yeeun Boo Planning practice, densification, mixed-use, depth structure birgit hausleitner (B.Huasleitner@tudelft.nl) & luiz de carvalho filho (L.M.DeCarvalhoFilho@tudelft.nl)

Questioning the current logic of quantified densities Seoul, the capital city of Republic of Korea, has gone through rapid and compressed growth since 1960s as a response to reconstructing the city after the devastating crisis of Korean War. In part of facilitate the development, the national government has actively adopted the form of apartment under supportive national policies and planning instruments. The mass production in large quantities of apartment complexes has rested on the conviction that it would be an effective device to deal with ultra-dense environment in Seoul where the skyrocketing population growth has challenged the demand of adequate living space (Kim, 2018). It is true that densification is one of the core in contemporary society, giving essence in urbanity. It has been always the intriguing topic in urbanism which dominates and imposes the prevailing theories and manifests at that ages. Yet, what constituted the density in apartment complexes in Seoul is the logic of capitalism, where the quantity of floor area of verticality decides everything in speculating the gainable maximum profits. Importantly, the challenges inherent in apartment lie at its scale of complex (block), not at the building itself, as Grands Ensemble, where the characteristics of enlargement and internalization execute the exclusivity and polarization between spaces. While the more than half of Seoul’s citizens are living in apartments, the ongoing phenomenon of producing apartment complex would continue to proliferate, as the desire to live in luxurious and enclosed community will not disappear.

This graduation project aims to explore the new role of apartment complexes in relation to urban fabric, and to open the discussion for envisioning integrated and dynamic living environment. Therefore, it seeks the new definition of ‘Apartment Urbanism’ in Seoul, where the density is represented not only by form, but also by its function and overarching relationships that operate simultaneously. Borrowing the lens of ‘depth structure’, the orienting concept in implementing design strategies as territorial, scalable and institutional depths, this project argues that the despite the rationale in area-based approach characterized by rigid zoning system, the relation-based approach using patterns delivers the possibility to embrace all interacting and conflicting forces as a cohesive language. Conditioned at different settings of private and public properties, it proposes a model that is more adjustable to the context and adaptive to process, ultimately shaping the synergetic relationship between spaces and people. The main research question is as follow:

–– What are the socio-spatial and functional interrelations

between the apartment complexes and urban fabric / urban street? How can apartment complexes take the role in creating the synergetic living environment?

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

605.2 km2

It was inevitable consequence for Seoul to become the republic of the apartment complexes due to the interplay between rapid urbanization and scarcity in lands.

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1979

1988

1997

2005

2010

The interplay between rapid urbanization and scarcity in lands The Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) is one big nebula which absorbs all resources: the half of total Korean population live within the Seoul Metropolitan Area, which represents only 12 percent of land mass. The urbanization process has been practiced in a relatively short period of time compared to the other western countries, where the urbanization usually took more than hundreds of years. The simultaneous problems such as implementation of basic infrastructures, foundation of economic growth and clearance of slums placed an urgent task for Korean National Government to make radical spatial transformation in Seoul, who did not have enough capacity to ponder and develop our own model for ideal living environment at that time. The scarcity of lands is then closely tied with soaring land prices, emphasizing the role of Floor Space Index (FSI) to pursue the maximum living spaces within a given plot. In addition, the strict land-use zoning makes difficult to accumulate the density within the existing single detached housing districts. Therefore, the large-scaled apartment complexes are the reasonable conclusion for the Korean National Government to solve the housing shortage crisis due to the skyrocketing population growth since 1960s.

vs.

Yet, the graph demonstrates another underlying condition where the gap between demand and supply has continually reduced since 1990s. According to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the housing supply rate in Seoul reached 96% in 2019. In fact, after the peak population number in 1992, the population in Seoul has decreased due to several reasons - low birth rate or soaring housing price. In addition, the shifting trends such as increasing single-person households and aging society demand different living environment and different type of lifestyle than before. Therefore, it is now time to ponder whether the current role of apartment complexes would be still appropriate in the future, or it would be possible to envision new alternatives?

5,470 pop/km2 amsterdam 219.3 km2

19,920 pop/km2 paris 105.4 km2

Fig. 1.1 The timeline of the rapid population growth and the provision of housing with types. ©Yeeun Boo 6,040 pop/km2

(source: Seoul Institute, 2013; Seoul Museum of History, n.d.; Seoul Open Data Platform, n.d.; and Statistic Korea, n.d.)

London 1,572 km2

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

Fig. 1.2 The mechanism in producing density in the form of apartment complexes. ©Yeeun Boo It is explicit that the emergence of large-scaled apartment complexes was the most efficient strategy for the national government to accomplish the task of compact and rapid development. It was also considered as the right answer to the simultaneous processes of modernization, urbanization, as well as the globalization where the interplay between the population growth and the scarce lands in Seoul produces the higher form of density.

The profit-gain alliance between the government and the private sector has forced the proliferation of apartment complexes, where the government was able to save the money and labour for making the baisc infrastructures and amenities, while the construction companies gained grand profits due to the economies of scale.

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The challenges are inherent in the enlargement and internalization of apartment COMPLEXES, not the building itself, which resulted in unintegrated and self-sufficient block physically and polarized living environment socially.

Apartment complexes as urban island

Neighbourhood outside

Apartment Complex inside

Lack of amenities Diverse

Self-sufficient Homogeneous

integrated relationship and synergetic co-existence shared civic value

needed: intermediate interface to bridge the urban fabric, functions, and interactions

conflicts: disconnected networks and flows spatial polarization Fig. 1.3 A vision for integrated and synergetic apartment complex. ©Yeeun Boo

the framework of depth structure as strategies

Territorial depth between public and private space

Scalable depth as intermediation

Institutional depth in creating urban life

The public and private are not the conflicting realms. They are understood as a continual and gradual spectrum in its degree. The richness in semi-public and semi-private realms provide proper involvement of actors and control the co-presence.

The diversity provides users various options in their decision-making, therefore contributing to the dynamic environment of mixture and bridging different people and functions.

The current urban design and development process are bounded within the municipality borders and limited actors. The cross-bordering communication and open public engagement are needed in order to give the autonomy to the users.

Fig. 1.4 Three pillars of depth structures stemmed from Form (object), Function (user), and Network (relation). ©Yeeun Boo

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

Diagnose the current profile of Seoul in idendifying urgency and opportunity

Dobong Nowon

Gangbuk

Mokdong Gangnam Jamsil Seocho

40 km

5km

0.14

0.29

0.43

Fig. 1.5 The average sale price in apartment buildings (the base year of 2020). The hatches illustrate the low-income districts.©Yeeun Boo (source: From Analysis of real estate trends in Seoul, by SMG, n.d., Policy map (https://map.seoul.go.kr/ spm/gly/policy/view.do?POLICY_NO=110). Copyright 2018 by Seoul Metropolitan Government)

0.58

0.72

0.87

The invisible socio-economic disparities are existed in geographical scale between South and North.

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<1.0

[million]

6 4 5

1 2

40 km

5km

mixture of multi-HH and detached

detached dominant

apartment dominant

apartment oriented

multi-hH dominant

hybrid

126 units

107 units

91 units

49 units

45 units

6 units

90.59

62.79

23.94

46.00

13.78

10.10

% of multi-household

5.73

27.15

62.44

24.97

53.04

17.06

% of detached

3.27

9.03

12.25

26.58

31.40

69.10

# of neighborhood % of apartment

Fig. 1.6 The result of K-mean clustering analysis for different housing types. ©Yeeun Boo (source: Seoul Open Data Platform; modified by GeoDa and QGIS)

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

The north-eastern Seoul, from empty fields to apartment forest

Northern-east Seoul has transformed from the secluded crop fields to the temporary settlements where the low-income people were relocated, to industrial areas and to finally the periphery residential areas through the land readjustment and housing site development projects. Far away from the city centre, this area is preparing another transformation into new business and economic core.

Fig. 1.7 The aerial images of northern Seoul in 1978 and 1996. ©Vworld

Fig. 1.8 The vision of Seoul Plan 2030, structural plan, and the conceptual regional plan on northern east area. (souce: SMG, 2014)

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The new regional business core Apartment complexes segment #1 Apartment complexes segment #2

The northern east regions are comprised of three districts: Nowon, Dobong, and Gangbuk. It seems that they look similar in their geographical position, the space syntax revealed the range of quality in their connections and integrations. While the one side of the river has a rich integration level with the urban fabric as well as city centre, the other side of river which is the target area lacks this attributes. The newly inducing business centre can revive the regional centre like the other regions? The strategy of creating the self-sufficient loop is possible? If the new business centre can act as a trigger to bring the capital, goods, and people to this region, than the other residential area will gain the similar interests. This will catalyse the another linked development to the region and the cyclic responses happen again. Can we envision this type of local chain reaction and how to support it?

The new regional business core Apartment complexes segment #1 Apartment complexes segment #2

Fig. 1.9 The space syntax analysis of integration in global scale of 2500m (top) and local scale of 500m (bottom). ©Yeeun Boo (source: street data from Seoul Open Data Plaza; operated by Depthmap)

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

Design exploration for transitional zone of apartment complexes

The current condition of apartment complexes: edge condition

in-between condition

the proposed strategies: from public to semi-public

from public to semi-private

from semi-private to private

Fig. 1.10 The current condition of apartment complexes and the strategies in perspective of boundary and the inner space. ©Yeeun Boo

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T/S/I

Design exploration for pattern language in relation to depth structure

Code of depth strategies Title of pattern Framework – Scale - Derivation

Region Neighborhood Block Street Interface Building

territorial depth related patterns FO FC

Theory Case Policy Context

Diagram

NT Description

Relation w/ other patterns

Gangnam Social Housing, Seoul Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop

(source: http://www.riken-yamamoto.co.jp/index. html?page=ry_proj_detail&id=87&lng=_Eng)

SMART WOHNEN WIEN, Wien

QUARTIER MASSENA, Paris

GEISWINKLER & GEISWINKLER

Atelier Christian de Portzamparc

(source: https://architektur.hoerbst.com/projekt/ smart-wohnen-wien-geiswinkler-geiswinkler/)

(source: https://www.e-architect.com/paris/ massena-district)

GWL TERREIN, Amsterdam KCAP

(source: https://www.kcap.eu/en/projects/v/ gwl_terrein/)

LIVING ROOM OF THE SONNWENDVIERTEL, Wien Studio Vlay Streeruwitz

(source: https://www.vlst.at/en/prj/sonnwendviertel/#1)

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

scalarable depth related patterns

WOONERF STREET, Delft

(source: http://mikestravelguide.com/abit-of-delft-history/1-bike-and-street-2/)

institutional depth related patterns

Fig. 1.11 The set of patterns elaborated through the literatures, cases, and local context of Seoul. The patterns are classified into territorial depth, scalable depth, and institutional depth. ©Yeeun Boo

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Design possibilities between two conditions:

The central activity blocks owned by private sector

The community blocks for new relationship between people owned by public sector

subway station

global network Nature friendly local street-oriented local service

public housing

Fig. 1.12 The conceptual strategy in opening the block by linking the major nodes and clustering with the performance in case of private block. ©Yeeun Boo

ve r

Fig. 1.13 The context of site. ©Yeeun Boo

The central activity block

The community blocks for new relationship between people

What if we enrich the urban depth to facilitate centrality and activities?

What if we enrich the urban depth to mix the various social groups?

- Adjacent to the subway station and main streets - Divide the block scale to allow the flows - Variety in heights and volumes - Accommodate the original population density - New economic cluster of functions - Multi-layer between public to private to distinguish the uses of residents and visitors

- Located near the school zone - Allow spontaneous meeting and contacting along the collective spaces and open shared streets - Well-define the space to give various experiences and views - Mix various groups of people (i.e. newly married couple, family with young children) - Modify the unit sizes based on lify-style and cycle

Fig. 1.14 The design exploration for different scenarios of depth structure. ©Yeeun Boo

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

The synergetic and symbiosis block What if we enrich the urban depth to support and improve the quality of overall neighbourhoods? - Located at the edge of the moutain area and single-detached housing districts - Eco-friendly and energy-saving living environment - Adopt the slope landscape and skyline to be the lowrise horizontally stretched form - Various spatial connection in consideration of eldery people and the walking-impaired - Cooperate with regional artists to make initiatives with the residents

The central activity blocks owned by private sector Commercial

complex (block) #1

Commercial

complex (block) #1

global network interface

Fig. 1.15 The section of the apartment complexes in private property (before and after). ©Yeeun Boo

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complex (block) #2

Null space (parking)

Public zone

Privately owned public space (setback)

complex (block) #2

Private space

stream

local street interface

Controlled public zone for people Privately owned public space (setback)

Public zone

Transitional space (horizontal/vertical)

Privately owned public network

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

Private zone

The central activity blocks owned by private sector - zone 1: Global network interface

Fig. 1.16 The isometry of Central Activity Blocks with global netework interface. ©Yeeun Boo This interface is located on the north side of the blocks where the global network is passing - eight lanes of road and the well-connected bus networks. Adjacent to the subway stations, this interface has a potential of development towards live-work proximity environment. These characteristics bring plausible hypothesis that this interface will be designed for people from outside as visitors or young working people. Therefore, the measures to distinguish the public accessible realm and privately secured realm for the residents are considered. In supporting the facing commercial districts and wide road, the widened pedestrian street is proposed with the bicycle network. The ground floor is activated with the retail functions while allowing people to visit the inner block with the porous network. If the new CBD performs well, there is also possibility that the young working group can migrate to this region who are concentrated in historic centre and Gangnam district. Usually structured as single-person households, they prefer the live-work proximity and the sharing economy. In the line of this trend, the diverse depth structure contains the public or semi-public spaces such sharing kitchen or laundry room.

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connected deck level difference

high street

separate entrance porous network

street furniture multi-nodal network

The patterns that are applied the whole target area : the basic design quality

Fig. 1.17 The network of patterns appeared in the condition of global network interface. ©Yeeun Boo

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

The central activity blocks owned by private sector - zone 2: Local street interface

Fig. 1.18 The isometry of Central Activity Blocks with local street interface. ©Yeeun Boo Unlike the zone 1, this interface has a characteristic of locality - the two interfaces of blocks share the existing local street. The local street is important in a way that it serves the children group as two schools are located on the street. In addition, the scale of the street is human-scaled with only 2 lanes. Therefore, it is wise to allocate this local street to the residents for their slow movement, not to the vehicles. The walking environment will be enhanced through the street calming approach. Due to this reason, the interface zone also ensures the human scale of height and volume with the tool of the setback. The street will be facilitated with the local servicing functions and the transitional zone such as terrace opening towards the street will give more vibrancies. The start of the street becomes the new nodal point, therefore, the public functions such as exhibition for the local accentuate this point.

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The patterns that are applied the whole target area : the basic design quality

Fig. 1.19 The network of patterns appeared in the condition of local street interface. ©Yeeun Boo

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

The community blocks for new relationship between people owned by public sector

Phase 0 - status quo The aging infrastructure does not meet the demand of the residents.

Phase 1 - empasize from the important public nodes and neworks Insert the functions of living support (kitchen, laundry, warehouse) and income generating activities (local store, farming, delivery, etc.)

Fig. 1.20 The preferable result of the gradual transformation of public block. ©Yeeun Boo The target nodal point is the interface of the local street between the two public apartment complexes stands. Similar with the previous intervention, the street is adjusted to more walkable environment through the diverse measurements. Since this block has a wide range of residents from elderly to disabled group and children, the universal design approach is needed to provide the safe and active urban space. In addition, the entrance of the block that links with the penetrating inner road becomes new emphasized focal point. Since this block lacks the enough density to gain profit, it introduces an alternative business model. Densification on the ground floor by reconstructing the spatial order of the block optimize the new depth order. The consensus on running the common shops and community functions on the ground floor reduce the maintenance costs.

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Phase 2 - densify the inner parts of the block to accommodate new comers Reprogram the ground floor with sharing functions.

“Need the safe space for cycling”

“Need the space to sit and rest”

local street

bounded wall

alley (buffer)

inner space of apartment complex

“Now we secure the competitiveness for sustainable management”

“We move for couple of years because of our new jobs”

“I live in next block, but visit here to rent the new soccer field”

“The street is activated with the shops. I also help for running it”

Fig. 1.21 Interface zone from the public street to the inner space, showing the original condition (top) and the transformation after with patterns (bottom). ©Yeeun Boo (source: street images from Kakao map)

Reimaging the new density in Apartment Urbanism

high impact of climate crisis

LH recover

HH Adaptaion

population decline

population growh

LL Rest

HL ACTIVE Low impact of climate crisis

FIG. 2.0 Scenario of ACTIVE which assumes the ongoing population growth and low impact of climate crisis. ©Yeeun Boo

2km

pixels

housing project

block

activity hub

open water

retention

main highway

infilteration

railway

re-activation

green corridor

land regeneration

activity corridor

eco diversify

current green

rainwater harvest

current woodland

infill / densification

qualify housing environemnt

mixing

qualify function

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In this scenario, London Metropolitan Area takes advantage of strong influx of people and robust economic investment with relatively low influence of climate crisis. The city continues to grow and leads to demanding housing pressure with good qualified urban spaces. This gives a reflection of more servicing networks of public transportation and local amenities to support the capacity of Londoners’ lives. However, due to the aging infrastructure and their lacks of investment, some areas are dependent on car based mobility, while the other areas suffer the homogeneous urban environment without vitality, which leads to future polarization and segregation at risk. Meanwhile, the London Metropolitan Area fulfills the aim to keep the temperature rises below 1.5C until 2050. Air pollution, increasing temperature with drier weather might impair the lives of Londoners, but still there is no considerable threats for now. The Thames Barrier still well functions to the sea level rise - 0,43m till 2100, protecting the London from disasters like storm and medium risk of flooding (1/100~1/30)

2 – Cultivating the co-existence Urban Transformation Promoting Mixed-use and Climate Adaptive Development in the Lea Valley, London

–– Location: –– date: –– Academic: –– individual: –– programs: –– supervisors:

London, United Kindom February ~ june ,2020 TU Delft spring studio - constructing the sustainable delta city Yeeun Boo urban ecology, integrated networks, block densification birgit hausleitner (B.Hausletiner@ tudelft.nl) & teneha Kuzniecow bacchin (t.Bacchin@tudelft.nl)

Beyond the East End For the past generations, the East End is the name of the area they used to know. It was a partially accepted border in London until the Newham was developed, while its transformation intrinsically is linked to such a diversity of the area nowadays. Given the nostalgic trajectory of so many of its dwellers, the area was home for the stink industries, noisome factories, refugees forced by necessity into the cheapest dwellings and intense political activism in London. However, the area comes to the fore due to its opportunistic location, which is located in-between the historical city centre and Canary Wharf and Lea valley. As indicated in the policy as ‘opportunity area’, it is now deep in the process of being reconstructed, both physically and socially with its relatively good accessibility and mixed-use function. The transition of the area started with its intricate relationship with Thames River, since the formation of the London Docks in early 1800s. The ground breaking innovation of the ship opened the door for its departure to the position of trading - the former flooding plain became the key location for commerce and economy. With the expansion of the trade, the docks grew and so did the labour force, and the new introduction of technology, the train.

It was a natural process that this location beyond the city boundaries became barely humane. It was the area where the famous serial killer, Jack the Ripper’ took as crime stage. Also, the successive waves of migrants and immigrants from Jewish to Bangladeshi settled down near their workplace despite of the poor living condition. Coincided with the urban policy of the late 1980s, the angladeshi community has been consolidated until now, especially in Shadwell, constituting the majority of population in the district. Although the area underwent the series of radical transition such as the radical political revolt socially and the nightmare of blitz physically, it is now discovered by health- and propertyrelated sectors. The life-science campus along with the completion of Crossrail will bring global research clusters into the heart of what had been thriving but relatively unknown area. It is evident that the while the global trends, such as industrialization and capitalism, drive the major transitions in the area, however, what remains in the locality is the deep memories of poverty, overcrowding, diseases and criminality. This trajectory still has been embedded in the locality even today, which is expressed as low index of multiple deprivation and high percentage of children in poverty, even though the East End is re-packaged with its rich cultural developments. The threats to overall health and well-being are not only related to physical environment, that affects people’s choice, but also engaged with social connection, which gives identity or sense of place especially those rooted from other ethnicities. It seems apparent that London Metropolitan, as a global city, employs its socio-cultural and economic health on global scale, however, how these values can be transmitted and transcendent to local, through the co-creating value chain, making benefits for all?

–– How can we thrive sustainable and resilient local –– ––

Cultivating the co-existence

development influenced by global trends such as densification? How can we integrate the different characterized networks with regard to organizing space? How can we make prosperous and diverse urban ecology at a small scale?

1868 ~ 1898 | Industrialization

Landscape

Infrastructure

Occupation

1805 ~ 1819 | Creation of Docks

Fig. 2.1 Reading the palimsest on the transition using layer approach of 3x3x3 analysis. ©Yeeun Boo - Landscape: integration of distributed landscape as a green grid - Infrastructure: the permanent structure - Occupation: continuity of compactness

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Current | Closure of Docks

mutual relationship between humane and nature A

As analysed earlier, the main spatial obstacles in the area are the dominant flows of hard infrastructures that constraint the flows and movement. Although there are opportunities due to the construction of Crossrail in Whitechapel station on the North to bring the goods and people, and the rich cultural activities near the Tobacco Docks on the South near Thames River, however, it is hard to link these areas as an integrated way.

Main activity spaces

important functions

ecological corridor

social corridor

interconnected nodes

Fig. 2.2 Structural map proposing vertical spine as socioecological structure to break the strong horizontal flows and tointerconnect the divergent systems. ©Yeeun Boo A - London Royal Hospital development B - Active high streets / new town centre C - New green corridors D - Rain water square / bringing back eco-diversity E - Reconnect the Thames Riverway

Fig. 2.3 Restoring the food environment for healthy-enabling communities and space. ©Yeeun Boo

Food is the linking point for the immigrant households that connects the perceived hometown (i.e. Bangladesh) to where they born and live right now (i.e. UK), which helps to reshaping the new identity and placeness. Therefore in this project, the healthy-enabling approach is adopted to restore the mutual relationship with the humane and nature by supporting the local food system and envisioning the continuous productive urban landscape. By proposing a coherent strategy for the localization of interlinked productive landscape into areas, it is expected to support a sustainable ecological systems and to redefine a relationship between the built and the open spaces that constitute.

Cultivating the co-existence

2.5km

Therefore, a vertical spine as soft socioecological structure is adopted as main strategy to interconnect the different systems and weave the components such as human, nature, flows, and so on. This structure is supported by the small and medium green spaces along the vertical spine with public facilities such as schools or new development in socially vulnerable areas constructed together to make diverse built environment and programmes depending on its surrounding context. The interconnected points are the main intervention areas.

Targeted Project Area

400

––

300

––

Although it has a potential as vibrant town centre, the arterial road that is not pedestrian-friendly hinders the activities. School & local market - More integrated relationship with adjacent built fabrics. Socially vulnerable residential area - It has potential with high accessibility and high possibility to transform provided as social housing. Railway fuzz - Most of residual spaces are used as parking lot or unmanaged empty space with potential of crime.

200

––

100

–– High street & town centre -

500 600m

0 2.5km

Core centre

+ + +

Lack of open spaces

Open spaces Urgency level

Lack of nature Fig. 2.4 Conclusion map of urgency for transformation, using population density, high GSI, and index of multiple deprivation. The more darker area has more urgency (source: London Datastore). ©Yeeun Boo

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+ + +

Train station

Public land

Open spaces

Social housing

High integration

Potential degree

Fig. 2.5 Conclusion map of potential for transformation, based on social housing, public owned lands, built year, low FSI, parcel size, and bulding function. The more blue area has more potential (source: London Datastore). ©Yeeun Boo

The Inventories of Use of Spaces productive

social/public

private

sport/play

high-streets

hybrid

porous corridor

greenhouse

block courtyard

local markets

open research lab

edible park

slow street

rooftop garden

seed library

seasional test plots

collaborative space

allotment garden

porous corridor

community garden

water square

collaborative space

growing street

porous block courtyard

recretional corridor

Railwaty

residential blocks

schools

extension

Fig. 2.6 The examples of use of spaces based on their locations and functions. ©Yeeun Boo

Cultivating the co-existence

rainwater collector

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350m

Hybrid (mix)

productive

social

Fig. 2.7 The use of spaces in targeted project area. ©Yeeun Boo The multi-functional open urban spaces complement and support the vertical spine by providing a continuous productive networks, contacting footpaths and cycle ways. In addition, small urban agriculture for communities, outdoor spaces for people in terms of leisure and commercial, ecological corridor, and circulation routes for non-vehicular traffic are located within the network and are embedded in adjacent built-up areas.

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private

sport

play

Integrated networks, spaces, and communities: Productive Landscape of Edible City

Fig. 2.8 Upscaling map of productive landscape network. ©Yeeun Boo It focuses on the connection with direct system between local supermarkets and residential areas, while considering the indirect delivery system between the community farms to food manufacturing and processing industry. The productive network starts from the main providers, who are schools, railway areas, and high streets shops in the project site. The interaction between these cultivating spaces are scalable depending on the needs. Then these anchors intertwine with the delivery system linking the high streets, super cycle highway on Cable Street, and Stepney city farm on Stepney way as circular loop system. Some parts of delivery system can combine with the cycle system. The productive landscape here acts as socio-ecology system to restore the value of locality, for example reviving the familiarity in Watney market as that of the past, and to redesign the ecological flows, such as soft energy, decomposition of organic, or reuse of rainwater as decentralized system.

Underuse space garage

Important functions Direct retails New buildings/retails/schools Buildings Productive spaces Rooftop garden Delivery network Cultivation network Processing/ manufactureing network

Unsafe

Underuse space

car dominant

railway closed backstreets trash, parking, criminal issues

Unsafe car dominant way to go station

Cultivating the co-existence

8 10m

co-housing

shared street

new development new paving active ground floor as retail permeable street

railway market

new function area

porous corridor ecosystem services

active spaces for visitors and locals ecosystem services

shared street new paving new cycling network

extension active ground floor as retail

for delivery way to go station

Fig. 2.9 Section of railway fuzz before and after. The vertical spine is activated from the new cohousing area to porous railway viaduct and to new function area. ©Yeeun Boo

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8 10m

1 - Showcase corridor (weekend) 2 - Permaculture 3 - Famers’ marekt 4 - New cycling network 5 - Permeable fence 6 - Filter strip

Station

1 3 6 2

Fig. 2.10 The productive landscape in railway fuzz ©Yeeun Boo The disused areas near the railway are unlocked as temporary spaces at first. As the railway viaducts are opened to become markets connecting the new housing development and market front with the backside, the temporary space starts to be activated. The car parking turns to various functions: extended retails, small greenhouses, community gardens, showcases, events and etc., for locals and visitors using the strength of proximity to the station.

Cultivating the co-existence

Connected Landscape: Healthy Movement

Major sports centre Important functions New buildings Buildings Private green spaces Sports Play spaces Public bicycle sharing Current cycle network Proposed cycle network Walking network Safe streets for children

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Fig. 2.11 Upscaling map of connected landscape network for healthy movement. ©Yeeun Boo The increase car uses and dominant vehicle flows impact significantly on the health and quality of life - air qualities, condition of sidewalks, safety, and more of all occupants, especially the young generation.The map of healthy movement proposes the extension of bicycle lanes to reconstruct the overall networks, linking major physical activity space as well social connection along the cycle networks. The bicycle lanes are priorly constructed to Commercial Road where the high streets and public bicycle racks are located. The rest of the cycle networks are constructed on Stepney Way, which links to major sports activity place in the area to complete the loop system. These cycle network helps to give more choice on their travel mode to people, especially those people without vehicles. Woven with networks, important cross junctions are redesigned to downsize the scales to promote the walking and vertical movement, expecially on high streets. In addition, car-free or shared spaces are suggested in those areas where are low integrated or around the school areas, so that children are able to walk safely while providing more multi-functional play spaces.

Street grenary - Small green interventions along the streets can give impression for pedestrian as they primary act as buffer between cars and people. In addition, the strips of permeable storm water garden between the lanes collect the rainwater and naturally control the micro climate.

Parklet - In current state, people are directly exposed to vehicles and air pollutants. The widening sidewalks, kerb design using parklet, and different pavements affect vehicle to lower the speeds. The roads can have continuous kerbs or parts of kerb depending on the importance of intersections.

Shop fronts greenary - The adding of green buffer not only naturally protects pedestrians from the high speed of cars and air pollutants, but it also provides a sensory experience. Interacting with green elements, pedestrians would have in close proximity to outdoor seating areas, shades, and aesthetics of nature.

Fig. 2.12 Example of street sections for healty movement depending on different context. ©Yeeun Boo

West high street - Near the entrance to central London and high-rise buildings. The regional movement is dominant than soft movement. Therefore, small green strips and parklets are adopted.

Town centre high street - Main integration junction near town centre. To make porous vertical movement, more pedestrian-friendly environment is created using cycling road, new pavement, and etc.

Fig. 2.13 Urban capacity of high streets. ©Yeeun Boo

Cultivating the co-existence

East high street - The node which links to the local Watney market. As the public square is located at one side of the street, public and active mode of transportation is supported here.

Car-free street - Around the school area. Considering its low integration and the safety of children, the street is designated as car-free zone, except for the emergency vehicles.

street for car

Stage 0: current state The image shows the section of the current stage. The Commercial Road has five lanes of carriage way with each lane is used as parking lot. On the left side, the retail functions are located in ground floor and entrance to the inside of block. On the left side, a small dead-end street is located without any function. The condition of pedestrian street is not welcoming without any place to sit or rest and trashes are scattered around.

small greenary

Stage 1:

make porous corridor to school

turn parking into parklet (one side)

The transformation starts with downsizing the road. The space for parking partly becomes parkets with green and benches. The trees and rest area are introduced in right corridor and fence is removed.

activate shop frontage

Stage 2:

dead-end street for parking

5 lanes parking on each side

reduce car lane adopt cycling network

greenary intervention permeable pavement & ecosystem services

The second intervention is make green highway. The five lanes shrink to three lanes by introducing the bicycle lane. The greenery on both side functions as permeable path to gather the rainwater. More trees are planted to block the noise and purify the air pollution. Meanwhile, to activate the high street, small communal spaces are created in the abandoned space in-between buildings.

densify highstreet

Stage 3: completion Finally, the healthier and vibrant high street is completed. The carriage way is reduced to three lanes, and the level is elevated to make same height with pedestrian streets. Also same paving is used in sidewalks, roads, and street in left side. Depending on condition and volume, new development is happened partially on the left side. The set-back helps to redefine more widened sidewalks, and porous arcade connects the outside and inside of block.The street in left becomes active with gathering space for the shops next to the street. Now it functions during both days and nights, sometimes at night food market or events occurs there.

porous corridor in-between buildings

street for people

reclaim residual space

differentiate pavement

the retails next to expan

0 2 4 6 8 10m

Fig. 2.14 The scenario on downsizing high street to activate the vertical spine. ©Yeeun Boo

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Social Landscape: Synergy between Public and Private

Major functions Important functions New buildings Buildings Social spaces Hybrid spaces Rooftop gathering Main activity network

Fig. 2.15 Upscaling map of social landscape network. ©Yeeun Boo The social landscape is related to manifest vibrancy, adaptability, and density. Upon on the anchors of Tobacco Docks, local Watney market, and community centres, the social networks are constructed by creating new sequences of shop frontages describing the richly living environment. The social landscape reconstructs the economic and social order by creating continual changes along the streets. Densification, refunctioning, exteriorization of courtyard in the block, transition in lifestyle, and more contribute to the continued adaptation to foster sustainable economic infrastructure. This form of social economic product restores the traditional proximity and diversity to bringing function and public network pulled out to the streetscape. Therefore, new synergy between locals and cooperatives are created, shaping city’s economy as well as spatial and social orders.

Cultivating the co-existence

80m

Possible to change Important functions Types of open spaces Adjacent buildings Major integration Social network Soft ecological network GSI: 0.3 FSI: 0.9 Plots: L

Fig. 2.16 The exploration to find design quality in socially vulnerable area. ©Yeeun Boo The area is approximately 5.3 ha, which has a characteristic of slab residential buildings. Due to its opportunistic surrounding context, adjacent to station, local market, schools and park, the area is completely redeveloped by social housing sector as co-housing. The area is part of vertical backbone, therefore, the socio-ecological structure has to be kept.

Integration

Option #3

Option #2

Option #1

Integration

Internally vs. Open

Integration

Internally vs. Open

Interscalarity Local

vs. Global

Interscalarity Local

vs. Global

Interscalarity Local

vs. Global

Co-presence

vs. Nature

Co-presence

vs. Nature

Co-presence

vs. Nature

Social

Traditional closed block structure - Although it has a strength as strong internal integration and sequence of movement, however, the continuity of walls is not enable outsiders to infiltrate inside the blocks. The social cohesion is facilitated through the inside structure of blocks, having communal spaces there. Moreover, spacious inside spaces are suitable to accommodate diverse ecological environment. One weakness is that it is hard to densify intensively.

Social

Modified closed block structure - It supports sequence of social movement through the closed structure at the edge of the block, especially at the street where the railway viaduct markets are opened to the street. Meanwhile it opens up some segements to make porous movement through the blocks and to integrate with the school yards. The inside block structure is totally different from the outside. It gives more vibrant its types and orientation with less density and makes diverse landscapes.

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Social

Open block structure - It has advantage that the structure can be open to outside, but at the same time there is internal cohesion inside of blocks, using porous corridors. The structure is suitable for community gathering, however, it seems that there is less room for nature to intervene as larger ecological system. Most of all, the densification is possible effectively in the blocks yet keeping the good living qualities such as sunlight.

Fig. 2.17 The sections of co-housing area with diverse landscapes. ©Yeeun Boo Reflecting in a dramatic growth in Bangladeshi community, investment in social housing is associated with the established cultural patterns for the ethnicity groups around them. Rather than traditional individual lifestyle, shared economy including community-led co-living is suggested which is adaptable to contemporary living patterns to respond flexible to shifts in housing requirements. The new collective vision helps cultural resurgence, especially in experience in childhood and grows the stewardship to foster more resilient community.

Cultivating the co-existence

0 2 4 6 8 10m

0 50km natura 2000 stelling van amsterdam as backbone inter-relational public transport focused area infrastructures FIG. 3.0 Structural vision for territorial cohesion of AMA using the concept of necklace. ©Yeeun Boo

How can the AMA approach the urgent demands of the territory and critical challenges from climate crisis to promote a fair sociotechnical transition that ensures a resilient and prosperous society?

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3 – Living LOOP X Hoofddorp Individual project on Schiphol Loop, the strategies for consolidated infrastructural landscape

–– Location: –– date: –– Academic: –– partner: –– Group: –– programs: –– supervisors: –– Product:

Amsterdam Metropolititan area (AMA), the Netherlands Setempber, 2019 ~ January 2020 TU Delft fall studio - urban region networks AMA Board Yeeun Boo, Marija Beg, Federico Bernal inclusive and fair sustainability transition, ecological framework Roberto Rocco (R.C.Rocco@tudelft.nl) & Luiz carvalho filho (L.M.decarvalhofilho@ tudelft.nl) Borderline City Project (https:// borderlinecity.com/en/homepage/)

A vision for inclusive and fair sustainability transition in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area

The studio is divided in three parts. In the first one, the emphasis is the general analyses to understand the current conditions and assessment of current planning scheme to cricitally direct the future spatial strategy in regional scale. The second part is dedicated to the group works defining the relevant. In the subsequent phase, the individual develops the spatial strategies and designs for the case site. The strategies for Concolidated infrastructural landscape For visitors to the Netherlands, Schiphol airport is the first place they get to know. However, while it is the main access point to the country, its development appears to be intrinsically linked to the many barriers infrastructure brought in the region. Since its first establishment, the Haarlemmmermeer polder, former lake and agricultural land during the 19 century, underwent a drastic change that had a severe impact on neighbouring cities development.

The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area is a home of 2.4 millions of people covering a extensive area from IJmuiden to Lelystad and from Beemster to Haarlemermeer. Co-operated with 33 municipalities between the privinces of Noord-Holland and Flevoland, it is characterized by the global economies and knowledge creation, as well as diverse heritages and landscapes.

In the recent history of this territory, we can see how the urban expansion of the major cities around the airport, including Amsterdam, has been catalyzed by infrastructure. Nowadays, Schiphol is an urban nebula which rescales the dimension of current urban systems and attracts flows of commodities, people and information. While acting as a central transnational hub at a global scale, due to land ownership and the few stakeholders of the infrastructure, the airport fragments the areas in enclaves through the densification of layers of infrastructure, usually at the backside of its noise contour.

The ongoing trends such as migration, automative technology, sharing economy, and climate change would trigger the rapid transformations in the region, which in turn address new opportunities and challenges brought by these socio-technical transitions. While the AMA anticipates to build 250,000 new homes until 2040, the aim of AMA Agenda, which is ‘to strengthen a future-proof economic development and a high quality of life’, would be hard to achieve if the socio-economic and spatial inequalities are neglected.

At the same time, it gives a restricted direction to urban expansion and makes a gradual transitional landscape from urban to rural, yet discontinuous in functional aspect. Since its important at the national scale and in everyday life of the many workers it directly or indirectly employs, we cannot but expect the airport and the cities around to grow towards each other. Leaving us with the open question of how to balance the interests and mitigate the barriers, a floating airport hovering above the cities cannot be the solution.

Living LOOP X Hoofddorp

1815 - Lake as natural border

1910 - Porder creation

1987 - Airport and ring road as infrastructural border

Fig. 3.1 Historic evolution and the formation of territory triggered by the infrastructures. ©Yeeun Boo (source: historic maps from ESRI)

Vision for Schiphol Loop - Dispersion & Cohesion within Ecological Framework The potentials lie in its inherent ecological structure such as various parks, forests, and recreational zones, together with the Unesco water defence line which give ecological and cultural values to the territory. Unlike the Amsterdam ring where infrastructure forms a barrier around the city, here, ‘the city’ is formed around the infrastructure. All areas surrounding the airport are connected in an integrated system, ‘Schiphol loop’, which has a polder canal as a backbone. Along the loop, there are different pieces of mosaic, segments with their own identities, but often with similar issues, for which similar design principles can be applied. Imminent relation with the Schiphol airport unifies different segments in a strong urban loop-like structure. Canal, at the edge of Haarlemermeer polder (former lake) and water defence line with canal in the middle of the polder, together, structure backbone of this system. Colored patches in the image represent diversity along the loop, which intensify its strengths and potentials. Each particle contributes to the whole in a different manner.

[From center] [Diversity] [Competitiveness]

[in-between locals][Unity] [Inclusiveness]

Fig. 3.2 From fragmented infrastructural borders towards dispersion and cohesion.

The entire loop is seen as territorial megastructure in which infrastructurally fragmented urban islands, dispersed from the city center, are cohesively united within ecological framework. The system is further strengthened with the enhancement of heritage, public transport (electric bus along the loop) and bluegreen network. On the level of each site, implementation of design principles will try to explore how to minimize fragmentation, and trigger spatial potentials to tackle issues of social injustice, climate crisis, and socio-technical transitions, on a local scale.

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S10

HARLEMMERLIEDE / VINKEBURG 7

ZWANENBURG / HALFWEG 1 2 4 10 12 cultural corridor

S11

NIEUWEBURG 9 11 12

LIJNDEN 6 9 12

S12

DE AKER / BADHOEVEDORP 5 10 12

CRUQUIUS-OOST 2

8 10

ZUIDAS-SLOTEN 1 2 4 12 economic corridor

WEBERBUURT / OVERBOS 3

HET AMSTERDAMSE BOS 6

HOOFDDORP 1 3 5 8 11 12 ecological corridor

OOSTEINDE

6 11

ROZENBURG / DE HOEK 1 2 9

Fig. 3.3 The mozaik of Schiphol Loop. The highlighted red segments are the individual target areas in group. Image production by ©Marija Beg

Network

1 sewing

2 Porousity

3 superstructure

densification

4 nodality

5 Thickening

6 gradual transition

ecology

7 re-shaping edges

8 sponge

9 Protection

re-cycling

10 re-linking

11 re-programming

12 mixing

Fig. 3.4 The strategic tool-kits applicable to the mozaik.

Living LOOP X Hoofddorp

Physical borders - Patches of urban tissues due to transtion from village to urban

Economic borders - Uneven districution of benefits as there are imbalanced development between residence and business areas

It is a critical moment in Hoofddorp city as flow of investments brings the promise of major change such as population growth and job-market creation. Rapid development in the city has raised reasonable anxieties about a rising concern in imbalanced distribution of benefits, and a potential loss of identity and authentic historical landscape that makes Hoofddorp such a unique and desirable city. Therefore, these changing circumstances will be an incredible opportunity to collectively re-examine what the area stands for, and promote a sustainable development model that champions spatial justice among communities, creates adapted environment to transition, and promotes the creation of shared vision through civic involvement.

–– How can we reinforce or form the identity from generic mono-functional areas?

–– How to attract people both local and –– Environmental borders - Vulnerability to environment crisis as the area is 5 meters below the sea level in nature

Institutional borders - Policy packed with large urban programs which leave little room for bottom-up and generate generic and homogeneous identity

––

new-comers into the areas and encourage social interaction? How to make the built-environment that helps environment in a sustinable way? How to overcome various scales of barriers through new development?

Fig. 3.5 Different borders that challenge the current issues in Hoofddorp region. ©Yeeun Boo

Region - Attractive business and living environment

CITY - Influx of people and money due to new investments and connectivity

Fig. 3.6 Opportunities that makes Hoofddorp attractive and important. ©Yeeun Boo

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M district - Unique and authentic landscape assets

Fig. 3.7 Existing linear system of separate functions and proposed new system as Living Loop. ©Yeeun Boo

LOOP as a leverage 1 sewing

3 superstructure

5 Thickening

8 sponge

11 re-programming

12 mixing

The “Living LOOP” is a vision for the area where people, ecology, and new forms of industry co-exist in harmony as a Social Ecosystem. The Living LOOP proposes a series of strategies established using the Water Defence Line as a spine of social ecosystem. The combined works of existing nature and culture are integrated to the web systems to reconcile the relationship between local communities, businesses, heritages and natural environment. This Living LOOP plays an important role in building physical and social resilience: it retains economic productivity, conveys cultural-historical expression, projects spatial quality, and provides amenities and benefits to the community. This increases the selfsufficiency and provides new economic opportunities for the surrounding areas, retaining business-proof environment while making valuable resource and destination for the area at large.

6 km

Fig. 3.8 Strategic vision for Living LOOP in Hoofddop region. ©Yeeun Boo

Living LOOP X Hoofddorp

Phase 0 - Existing urban fabric

Phase 1 - Introduce the Living LOOP by intesifying the green network to be integrate into the urban fabric

Phase 3 - Link the main node with another transit nodes, and thicken the nodes with attractive functions and activities to reinforce the network

Phase 4 - Share the co-creation values from the prior nodes to different local nodes

Final Phase - new value chain of re-benefitting

Fig. 3.9 Process of strategic vision to become an integrated and cohesive social ecosystem. ©Yeeun Boo

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Phase 2 - Invest the train station to have multi-nodal system such as bus and bicycle

New Economy Loop

First LOOP, which is located around the centre of Hoofddorp, suggests co-creative environment for the new-comers and business people from outside. Using the existing infrastructure such as business parks, industrial sites, and materials, the first LOOP prioritizes material and energy-related activities supporting connectivity between corporations and innovative knowlege.

Example of re-opening dijk of Water Defense Line

3 11

Example of incubator

Example of material trading pool

Fig. 3.10 New Economy Loop - First Cluster of Residence - Loop - Industry. This first cluster has a relationship between the residence areas and the existing industrial sites. Series of program as intensifiers are layered on the design. Local business, especially SME is intensified through the creation of an urban incubator for innovation and ideas. This takes the form of small studio spaces, research labs, and mixed-use business with renting. Moreover, material trading pool plugs into the disused industrial sites cooperated with the logistic parks next to the sites.

Living LOOP X Hoofddorp

Example of pop-up showcase Fig. 3.12 New Economy Loop - Second Cluster of Residence - Loop - Industry. The second cluster also has a relationship between the residence areas and the existing industrial sites. In this cluster, the specialization of pop-up stores and exhibition to promote the starts-up in first cluster and the culture acts as a catalyst for the spatial intervention. This will orginize with the conference center near the area. In addition introduction of elderly community center and support shopfronts are created to interconnect the social network.

Example of event & testing ground Fig. 3.11 New Economy Loop - Third Cluster of Residence - Loop - Residence. The third cluster has a spatial intervention between the loop and the residential areas. Becuase this area has the advantages of the access to the train station and the business park, sharing economy is introduced especially for the one-person households. To actively support the urban quality, a new multi-functional stores are introduced and alos underground parking is suggested in intesifying the loop network.

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Blue Green Loop The generated values from the first LOOP, are then scaled up to second LOOP, located on the residenceoriented areas, sharing the vital community resources.

Fig. 3.13 Blue Green Loop - Water & Energy System. In the second LOOP, called Blue Green Loop, proposes the various programs that are related to water and energy transition in a sustainable way. This new transition technology will be implemented into the local community through the business-proof environment from the first LOOP, the New Economy Loop. Moreover, new water and energy system is amplified with the existing infrastructures such as gas and CO2 pipelines or the solar panels.

Example of energy playground

+ power

Example of water plaza as new open space

public / government Infrastructure corporation energy corporation market / entrepreneur local business civic society Foundation spatial planner

Fig. 3.14 The power-interest relationship between different sectors of stakeholders. ©Yeeun Boo

Living LOOP X Hoofddorp

+ interest

5 FIG 4.0 The vision image of new office district. ©Yeeun Boo In the new city’s business district, the advanced technology that has been researched is applied as testbed. Workers will travel around the district on autonomous vehicles, and be able to see real-time information on the city through the signboard. Also, the central landmark office building and the central plaza attract people through connections with central parks in the city.

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4 – TRI-Lab Masterplan for a new Hi-tech city as test-bed

–– Location: –– date: –– Academic: –– Partner: –– group: –– role: –– programs: –– supervisor:

tashkent, uzbekistan march ~ june, 2018 seoul National University - urban design studio 3 Han-ah urban institution Yeeun Boo, Joo-yeon Kim, Ju-un Jung concept, urban structure (part), CBD masterplan (start-up district + R&D) urban development project, masterplan, hig-tech city, agriculture dr. Young-sang kwon & Dr. Gun-Hyuk Ahn

How to be a Hi-tech City? This design project aimed at proposing masterplan design of Hi-tech city in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan is experiencing rapid economic growth, but the industrial structure still remains in the primary and secondary industries. Although Uzbekistan has been modernizing the industrial sector and fostering the development of service industries through business-friendly fiscal policies and other measures to reduce the share of agriculture in GDP, agriculture still plays a major role in Uzbekistan industry. However, to produce a higher added value, new approach for agriculture industry is needed. Meanwhile, according to government report, research priorities to 2020 encompasses information and communication technologies, agriculture, biotechnology, ecology and environmental protection and etc. In particular, policies are in place to introduce ICT technology and specialize it through education. For the future of the Uzbekistan, this design aimed to propose the Hi-tech agricultural industry by combining the advantages from 1st industry to 4th industry. In designing a masterplan for a new city, the city as a whole is proposed as a test-bed, where the synergies occur through industry-university cooperation, research results spread to whole city, and national competiveness enhance through this city.

technology advancement

The development plan The existing Tashkent capital has a single centralized urban structure. As new technologies are introduced in the future, cities will expand and are expected to have a multi-centered networked urban structure. This project proposes the construction of a new city in the vicinity of Tashkent city center. This is because it is possible to attract the creative workforce from the city and it is easy to secure economic efficiency through utilization of existing infrastructure. It is also possible to form an innovative network with Tashkent.

merchandise

processing

agriculture production

manufacture

service

TRI-Lab

Uzbekistan is dependent on its agricultural industry, which is comprised 1/5 GDP.

monocentric

The Uzbekistan government is aiming to modernize the agricultural sector and foster the the small businesses as national development strategy.

monocentric expansion

polycentric network

Tashkent Center

ring road

international ariport wastewater treatment plant

metro stop

Fig. 4.1 The location and the context of site. ©Yeeun Boo

new LRT line

The site incorporates the underused airport area to be easily developed. New LRT construction on the north opens a door to connect the Tashkent city centre with the project site. Moreover, the site is proximity to Interna-tional Airport for visitors, railway for goods, Chirchiq River for irrigation, and available agricultural lands for production and research.

railway station agricultural landscape underused airport site

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8km

400

800m

commercial

office

mixed-use

R&D

apartment

research facility agri-eng special zone

attached house detached house

distribution

neighborhood facility cultural facility religion facility education

river park buffer green station

university

plaza

start-ups supporting zone

pedestrian street

government

site boundary

green network

street network

LRT 70m main green

44m

open space

34m

Plaza

28m

main green axis

22m

sub green axis

15m station

pedestrian axis N

800m

Height plan

800m

block plan

3-8m 9-16m 17-24m 25-32m 33-40m ≤ 41m

block

green & plaza

building

landmark

green & plaza

800m

Fig. 4.2 The masterplan with layers. Image production as group.

TRI-Lab

800m

Process of defining the powerful structure Since it is the new town development, the decision on the urban structure started from the resources in site such as train station, ongoing construction of LRT network and existing urban park. The initial idea was to create the cluster bands where the various functions can interact each other. Here, the park acted as the main backbone of the structure. The idea evoled into the more powerful geometric structure by linking the two nodes of public stations, which in turn became the triangular structure.

cluter bands...

connect the new LRT station with train station

solid bands vs. empty bands buildings vs. agriculture

LRT

Serigeri station

chiq chir

farm

Fig. 4.3 The process of development. Image production by ©Ju-un Jeong

Smart Tri-Lab The main concept in this design, the triangular site (TRI-LAB), is the space connecting the major points, and the lines connecting each point serve as the axis through which the main uses, functions and industries interact. Interactive applications, functions, and industries on each axis form industryacademia and diverse clusters within the triangle. In addition, integrated functions in this space extend to TRILAB, which creates, experiments and applies new technologies.

Fig. 4.4 The projection for new agricultural system in help of technologies. ©Yeeun Boo

functional links

smart living

edu & s catio tar n t-u p

technology collaboration

culture

research & technology

testbed

Fig. 4.5 The concept of tri-lab. Idea by ©Yeeun Boo; Image production by © Joo-yeon Kim

edu eng catio n ine erin g

experimental + interactive Technologies

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biotech / R+D

business ICT

business

space connection

research agriculture

City Hall

CBD masterplan

LRT Station

The main concept of CBD plan is to make the network of university, start-ups and research centers for developing the whole city as testbed for innovation with trial and errors.

Com

mer c

ial

Bou l

eva

Landmark Office

Sta ge 5

Sta ge

1-I

dea

Fab -

fac tor y

l ab

2 Civic park

Landmark Hotel

Con

ven t

Test-Bed

Fig. 4.6 The specific design area of CBD. Image production as group.

TRI-Lab

ion

Cen

ter

convention

making & exhibition

university idea

company R&D

expansion business selling & investment

Uni

ver s

Inn

ova tio

n St

ree

Sta ge Sta ge

Sta rt

-up

Off

ice

4 Small test-beds

Bus Transfer hub Rail way Sta tion

ity

Research centers N

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100

200

500m

Fig. 4.8 The multi-functional park. ©Yeeun Boo The existing city park is extended to be the centre of the tri-lab structurally and functionally. The northern side of the park will be stayed as the urban park as original, while the southern side whcih is attached to the research centre will be cultivated as test-beds for innovative technologies.

Fig. 4.9 Innovation street in supporting the cycle. ©Yeeun Boo The Innovation District serves as a bridge between the university in the north and the R & D Institute in the south. It is composed of four step-by-step districts, which supports the gradual growth of all companies from initial start-up to small and medium-sized enterprises.

TRI-Lab

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5 – Stiching urban fabric Threading water, place, and the people

–– Location: –– date: –– Academic: –– Partner: –– Individual: –– programs: –– supervisor: –– Remark:

Goyang City, republic of Korea September ~ December, 2017 seoul National University - living lab studio Goyang research institute Yeeun Boo urban development project, masterplan, node design, sensitive prevention for flooding Dr. Seog-jeong Lee (seogjeong@hotmail.com) & Dr. Joon-Woo Kim Published the project report

The Site is an undeveloped farmland in Goyang City, which has good accessibility and future development value. It is located close to Incheon International airport and Gimpo airport and has transportation facilities such as expressway and subway line within walking distance. In addition, KINTEX, the international exhibition center, is located in the site, making it possible to internationalize the MICE industry. Moreover, if it is unified, it has many possibilities because it is adjacent to North Korea. Currently, the Goyang City is planning the masterplan for this area and there are five developers having development plans for the site. This project aimed at finding various solutions to the actual problems of existing cities. In this project, ‘waterfront space’ is adopted as a main strategy in order to bundle the five target districts that are fragmented together. The aim of this project is to give a new identity to Goyang City, to redefine the value of waterfront space, and to redesign the city’s overall planning and urban structure through a new centralization of urban life space. The project was based on three different degree of developments, where my project was originally intended to accommodate most of the plans. In other words, it means to accept existing river structure and highway infrastructure, which fragment the city structure, reduce people’s activities, and disconnect the functions. This required a more careful approach than full development. Therefore, I used green-water network to bind city structure together. Along with the existing special water space, Central Lake Park, the newly created water spaces were bound to a ring-shaped network, expanding the activities throughout the city and circulating water flow. Overlapping this water network with the newly created urban green network with special open spaces for each developer reinforces the ring system, which is publiccally accessible open spaces centered around the major nodes. By creating a system enabling accessibility based on the activity network, the whole city can finally become usable and active to the Han River.

Stiching urban fabric

Water as resources

bad odor

self-complete structure

empty spaces

disconnected activities

Continous expansion to Han River & Availability of empty space existing urban structure

abandoned waterspace

Han river

fragment

“A new center of city and life through redefinding the value of waterfront space”

green-blue rings

special plaza

grids... accepting existing land structure

how to break the grids? river, highway, etc...

obstacles

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Stage 1 - Make the flow from the nodes of the existing Ilsan city area to water spaces Stage 2 - Connect the walking axis, the green axis and the activity axis passing through the water space

Stage 3 - Expand the influence of water spaces through the main strategic nodes Stage 4 - Expected to be a complete new spatial structure extending from the existing city to the Han River

neighborhood green park

highrise bld.

waterfront green

highrise district

wetland

major bld.

trees

new block

waterway

block edge

river

commercial zone

lake

mixed-use zone

Han river

activity zone

Stiching urban fabric

blue network

landmark waterspace

purification center

new wat

erway

specialized village

natural river

recreational water space

artificial lake/river artificial waterway fountain

wetland

lagoon

rainwater collector

ive

h ag an r ch ric ive (30 ann ult r ,00 el ura l 0t /da y)

rainwater storage

green network

road system

special plaza for kintex

special plaza

landmark island

green connection central park

central park special plaza for each developer

natural green

1st expressway

neighbourhood park buffer green wetland

2nd expressway wetland

cul-de-sac

lagoon

main road

square

2nd road

street trees

main street

block plan

land use plan

commercial hotel mixed use multi-family housing detached housing park existing high-rise part

wetland

existing high-rise district

water

new high-rise part

pedestrian passway

new high-rise district

dijk

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linnking the missing Activity NEtwork

various edges

In addition to physical space design, people’s behavior must also be considered for integrated urban design. Active network is therefore designed with detilas to link the various activieis continuously along the water spaces, to connect the existing water space with the new water space, and to expand the activities within the existing city, the Il-san New Town, in consideration of the context.

connection & obstacles

Fig. 5.8 The new village specialized with the water elements. ©Yeeun Boo The specialized village will be the landmark space like the Il-san Central Lake Park, therefore included in the master plan. While Central Lake Park is a space for residents, the landmark water space is functionally linked to KINTEX and designed as a space for residents and visitors. In this space, special building use such as hotel are allowed, and various activities such as water rafting are performed. As the specialized villages area is lower than the Han River, it is necessary to consider the flood level using the hydrological and architectural elements. For example, existing water gates and the newly constructed water gates will be utilized to control the water level of Han River. If the building is inudated in water during the water level control process, use the 1st floor as the parking space and storage space instead of the residence, and install the dimension facility to prevent flood damage in advance.

Stiching urban fabric

Fig. 5.11 Over the barrier of 2nd expressway. ©Yeeun Boo The second expressway is an obstacle to fragmentation of the site by passing through the site. As it is located between the KINTEX and the Han River and the height difference with the ground is only about 1 meter, the following two alternatives were presented in the design. One is to use the overbridge and the other is to use the sunken plaza. In the context of the city as a whole, the alternative of overbridge seemed to be more suitable, but due to the limit of the slope design, the alternative of sunken plaza was adopted as a final design.

Fig. 5.10 Linking the disconnected CJ site. ©Yeeun Boo In the case of the CJ site, it takes a closed position and serves as an obstacle to cut off the main activity network of Ilsan new city area. In order to maintain the visual and physical continuity of the water channels for circulation, the sunken square, which is included in the plan, was used to overcome the height. Therefore, people can enjoy the water inside the building. The overbridge was introduced to link the commercial area below the CJ site area with the main axis of activity that comes through he commercial area of Ilsan new city.

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high-rise residentail districts

green network

kintex road

2nd

e-mart

kint

sit

EX KINT

) 3rd (PLANNING

ns tr

uc tio

main plaza for kintex

mixed-use or specialized use

marina

high-rise sunken plaza

Fig. 5.12 Kintext main plaza. ©Yeeun Boo KINTEX is an important element in both a face of Goyang City and a visual landmark. Cosidering the sympolism of KINTEX, the disused land is reformed as a water plaza and accessible pedestrian network is developed to the disconnected Hanryu River. Visitors can use the marina or the sunken plaza to move to the spcialized village free from the barrier of 2nd expressway.

2nd expresswy landmark water space

liz cia spe l age vil

bridge over the cj site mixed-use for ground floor of waterway high-rise

cross waterway

pocket open space

commercial and mixed-use 2nd expressway special plaza for each developer

Stiching urban fabric

To consolidate the currently disconnected districts, an anchor called the central plaza is introduced for each district. The central plaza was designed so that people’s activity would not be cut off to the Han River considering the main activity axis coming from the Il-san new town.

open space

building mass

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6 – RE; HAB: Livable living space in daily life

–– Location: –– date: –– Academic: –– Partner: –– Individual: –– programs: –– supervisor: –– REMARKs:

Geumcheon district, Seoul, republic of Korea March ~ August, 2017 seoul National University - Urban design studio 1 Geumcheon District municipality & Damstadt University of Applied Science Yeeun Boo Urban regeneration project, housing environment Dr. Seog-jeong Lee (seogjeong@hotmail.com) awarded as excellent work from municipality Published the project booklet

With this background, the goal of this studio was to find ideas to specialize the district by improving the residential and service function at the same time, preserving remaining manufacturing function. Therefore, it was to find the balance between preservation and development. Also, it aimed to make a sustainable city by mixing various functions within the area, which means balanced between production, service and residents.

Good quality of life The site is designated for a semiindustrial area by the legal land use plan, mixed with residence and nonresidence. Moreover, Doksan meetmarket was historically running at the center of the area and still has several related businesses. Though the site is at the center of Geumcheon district, creating job by manufacturing industry, still it causes serious environmental issues with old industrial facilities, buildings, and urban infrastructure.

This project started with a question about what is a good city to live, where the quality of life starts, and how to make a better daily life. Therefore, the goal of this project is to activate the spaces of everyday life and to improve the quality of life by creating better living environment.

RE; HAB:

the urgency in site The site of this project is the blocks around the park located at 1006 Malmi Village. In the case of 1006 Malmi Village, it is the area where old multifamily housings are concentrated together along with the organic urban tissues.Recently, however, a lots of new buildings called ‘officetel’ in Korean are built indiscriminately, and also high buildings that have been illegally renovated can be found in this area, making a compact space. In addition, although there is only one park in the middle of the village, where the residents of the village can enjoy the green, the buildings with pilotis surrounding the park make the park and the streets a dead space for the car, not for the people.

Dwelling Using

Livable everyday space

Shops and community space

Fig. 6.3 Retrofitting strategies on existing piloti buildings. ©Yeeun Boo A main strategy on the block structure is implemented by an incremental retrofitting. According to the degree of aging, the buildings which need reconstruction will be improved first by the plot units, but some guidelines should be given so that the buildings can face the plot lines defining the street and have the green space inside the block. If necessary, the public will readjust the urban fabric and strengthen the public aspect of the residential block by buying the plots with little use. This is not to look at the residential block only as a private property, but as a component comprising the urban fabric.

Stimulate Economy Increase local amenities

Section A-A’ (Before)

strengthen community quality of living environment density of housing

green in everyday life self garden & roof-top garden reuse of rainwater

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Section A-A’ (after)

before - street for car

after - Active pedestrian street

parking space

parking space at piloti structure

pedestrian network

commercial at piloti structure

road

public space

road

public space

public zone

semi-public

Pocket park Secret Alley

Woo ner f

bw ay St at io

Str

eet

Meat market

Pa en rk la rg e

me n

a New pl

Wo on er f

w Ne

Pi St lot ru i ct ur e

e at r tiv oo Ac t Fl 1s

Sharing garden

Co m ith mun ra ity in St wa re te et rw ay

g blo

fittin

Retro

Police office Elderly center

Section B-B’ (before)

Section B-B’ (After)

RE; HAB:

GIS TOOL

CRITICAL CARTOGRAPHY

RESEARCH

“The collisions between global and local, planned and unplanned, growth and preservation, and generic and vernacular address the self-sufficiency of the vulnerable desakota in Java.”

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7 – Metro Java 2045 The model for unlocking the heterogeneous rural landscapes

–– Location: –– date: –– Practice: –– Supporters: –– programs: –– Director: –– Website:

Central Java Indonesia August, 2020 ~ ongoing Mars Architects - Dynamic City Foundation & Krill O.R.C.A. Ministry of Transportation & Yogyakarta Heritage Society Territorial Project, rural-urban Integration Neville Mars (nevillemars@me.com) http://metrojava2045.org/

Currently, several workshops are being practiced with local stakeholders to build the roadmap for Borobudur site. Looking at the micro-leveled scale, it informs two polar scenarios of road-centered rural development and agrarian-oriented rural consolidation. In further, following scenarios will be explored in restructuring the Central Java region:

–– Global scenario 1: “what if... we open the new toll road across –– ––

Desakota Lost - Colliding morphologies and ideologies Metro Java 2045 is the 3-tiered project in delivering the comprehensive regional layout by 2045, which includes geospatial land use analysis, network analysis as well as community-led initiatives. Java, one of the most populated islands, is under the influence of the global urbanism that unlocks the rapid transformation through new highways, ports, and high-tech industrial parks. The juxtaposition of these global economic markets on the fragile vernacular landscape would trigger the real crisis by colliding conflicted scales, speeds, ideologies, and so on. The desakota, dense yet dispersed peri-urban landscape, is the unique morphology in Java Island. Incorporated with the economic spheres of Java’s urban cores, its hybridity demands the multi-dimensional planning model within a single contiguous rural-urban continuum system. The overarching Metro Java 2045 project views the sustainable growth as a critical objective in addressing how to balance the economic progress and landscape preservation. Therefore, it aims to achieve the cross-scalar land use planning and the integration of global and local urban system.

––

Semarang and Yogyakarta region?” Global scenario 2: “what if... we develop the clusters of hub and spoke for agricultual industries?” Local scenario 1: “what if... we introduce the slow mobility and no-car zone between intra-villages?” Local scenario 2: “what if... we densify the ribbon structure of villages?”

the premise of unifying r/g/b and land use taxonomy The Central Java’s rural-urban continuum reveals that its people, settlements, and landscapes extend indefinetely as fine grain. The traditional method of mapping, whether vectors or pixels, fails to permeate the integrated project across the political boundaries or multiple land use functions. The cluster model explored in the project unfolds the crossscale and distills the meso-level land use pattern. Branded as ‘R-G-B Cluster’ model, it combines the ‘cultural (red)’, ‘agricultural (green)’, and ‘natural (blue)’ systems within the single geospatial model. In broader sense, their functional branches correspond with ‘built-up’, ‘unbuilt’ and ‘protected’ land, and in turn, with ‘consumptive’, ‘productive’, and ‘restorative’ systems, respectively.

RED

GREEN

BLUE

Population # Settlement Bld Network

Tree coverage % Irrigation line

Waterway Elevation DEM Slope

Fig. 7.1 The variables used in RGB model.

Metro Java 2045

LEGEND Cluster 1: Mountain ranges

Cluster 4: Dispersed urbanised areas

Cluster 7: Irrigated paddies

Cluster 2: Mountain villages

Cluster 5: Urban cores

Watershed boundaries

Cluster 3: In-between zones

Cluster 6: Low lands

Fig. 7.2 The result of RGB clusters in macro level and the zoom-in of Cental Java region. ©Yeeun Boo (source: aerial images from Google Map)

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130km

Land use cluster overlapped with settlements

Land use cluster overlapped with primary and secondadry road networks

Fig. 7.3 The different land use cover overlapped on the Central Java region. ©Yeeun Boo (source: aerial images from Google Map)

Metro Java 2045

130km

Land use cluster overlapped with agricultural rice fields

Land use cluster overlapped with agricultural gardens

130km

LEGEND Elevation (DEM) water body settlements inside the cluster of disperse urbanized area settlements highway & primary roads Fig. 7.4 The Central Java region where the settlements are highlighted as red that are within the cluster of dispersed urbanized area. Moreover, the accessible catchment of road network within one hour is emphasized. ©Yeeun Boo Note that the analysis of network was conducted by Fabien Pfaender.

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compact village along highway

semi-compact village

agri-garden village

Metro Java 2045

ribbon village

WORKSHOP MODEL SKETCHES

PERSPECTIVES - “Our role is not to design the actual objects, but to build the lens to see through.”

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8 – Reimagining Heerenstraat Active Heritage in Paramaribo’s Historic Inner City

–– Location: –– date: –– workshop: –– group works: –– programs: –– supervisors:

Paramaribo, Suriname 02 ~ 09 November, 2019 TU Delft & Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Personally participate for interactive model works with locals Socio-economic revitalization, piecemeal strategies Luiz de Carvalho Filho (L.M.DeCarvalho Filho@tudelft.nl) & Santiago del Hierro

The workshop is a part of the engagement processes with local stakeholders including citizens and local government, co-organized with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Focused on the Historic Inner City of Paramaribo, it aims to understand more intimate local conditions and to explore the possible strategies that can help the sustainable revitalization of the Heerenstraat located in the Historic Inner City. While facing the various challenges all across scale, such as decline of urban center, traffic congestion as well as climate change, the Historic Inner City including the Heerenstraat has immense opportunities with the profound cultural and social values. When the Heerenstraat is re-conceived as a space for the people, not for the cars, it would be the desirable destinations where the public life fosters the lively, inclusive and safe living environment. The various layers of social, cultural, environmental, mobility, economic and legal are studied during the workshop. The interaction of these layers are translated into the physical components on the model, especially the relationship between ongoing initiatives and the local interests. Intervened at the very smaller scale, the buildings and the adjacent public spaces along the Heerenstraat, the possible clusters of hotspot are highlighted to improve the public spaces such as parking corridor and plaza, and to connect the activities from private to public realm through the courtyard and empty plot or building. The expected outcome of the interventions are as following: 3 4 5 6

Reimagining Heerenstraat

Bring more businesses to provide the diversity and multifunctions. Make cultural events to make street as interesting destination. Target the young people groups (students, tourists, couples, entrepreneurs) as potential actors. Improve the built environment and slow mobility to support the all above.

0 - Current state

1 - Existing interactions

2 - Ongoing interventions

3 - Opportunities

Central Church / Existing landmark

Street occupied by the parking / Threat

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Happy Happy supermarket as public space / Opportunity

Fig. 8.4 The projective images for the future interventions. ©Yeeun Boo The aim is to create the vibrant public and semipublic spaces on the ground level and to link these active activities coherently.

School building as student housing / Hotspot

Happy Happy supermarket as public space / Hotspot

Reimagining Heerenstraat

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Fig. 8.5 The final model shoing the existing conditions (green), ongoing projects (orange) and the possible opportunities (blue), using the vernacular Surinamese textiles. ©Yeeun Boo, Wanxiao Zhang, and Luiz de Carvalho Filho

Reimagining Heerenstraat

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9 – Sketches Drawing as medium

“Drawing is the artist’s most direct and spontaneous expression, a species of writing: it reveals, better than does painting, his true personality.” - Edgar Degas

Sketches

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Sketches

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Sketches