Community Transport Advice 2012-2013 Energy Saving Trust
Overview •
Emissions and Fuel Efficiency
•
Best In Class
•
Alternative technologies and fuels
•
Maintenance
•
Smarter Driving
Choose a fuel efficient/low CO2 car
Vehicle Emissions
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2 and NO2 are greenhouse gases. They cause global warming
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
CO
Describes a number of combinations of nitrogen and oxygen molecule i.e. NO, NO2 or N2O
Carbon Monoxide
Unburnt Hydrocarbons Small droplets of unburnt fuel. These are very carcinogenic.
Particulates Fine particles can have an adverse effect on human health.
Fuel and CO2 Fuel consumed is directly linked to amount of CO2 emitted Choosing a fuel efficient car
=
Choosing a low CO2 car
Fuel and CO2 Average CO2 emissions in the EU are reducing 3.7% decline in 2010 Average emission of registered cars in 2010 was 140 g/km Largely the result of better technology and fuel efficiency All new diesel engines are now Euro 5
Fuel economy label
Road Tax (Vehicle Excise Duty)
VED Band
CO2 emissions
Standard rate Pet/Dsl 2010-11
Standard rate Green car 2010-11
First year rate Pet/Dsl 2010-11
First year rate Green car 2010-11
Standard rate All 2011-12
First year rate All 2011-12
A
Up to 100 g/km
£0
£0
£0
£0
£0
£0
B
101-110 g/km
£20
£10
£0
£0
£20
£0
C
111-120 g/km
£30
£20
£0
£0
£30
£0
D
121-130 g/km
£90
£80
£0
£0
£95
£0
E
131-140 g/km
£110
£100
£110
£100
£115
£115
F
141-150 g/km
£125
£115
£125
£115
£130
£130
G
151-165 g/km
£155
£145
£155
£145
£165
£165
H
166-175 g/km
£180
£170
£250
£240
£190
£265
I
176-185 g/km
£200
£190
£300
£290
£210
£315
J
186-200 g/km
£235
£225
£425
£415
£245
£445
K*
201-225 g/km
£245
£235
£550
£540
£260
£580
L
226-255 g/km
£425
£415
£750
£740
£445
£790
M
Over 255 g/km
£435
£425
£950
£940
£460
£1000
12-month Vehicle Excise Duty rates for cars registered since 1st March 2001* *Includes cars emitting over 225g/km registered between 1 March 2001 and 23 March 2006. >Next Green Car
Road Tax continued • Buses
• Alternative Fuel Tax Bands – LPG for example
• Visit www.direct.gov.uk for further information
Alternative Fuel VED
A low CO2 car?
A low CO2 car‌
Think best in class!
The figures New car models are tested using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to establish: • Fuel consumption Urban, Extra Urban and combined
• CO2 emissions
• Air quality emissions •
More information from Vehicle Certification Agency www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk
Ford Focus 1.6 ECOnetic Start/Stop CO2 emissions
99 g/km
Urban mpg
62.7 mpg
Extra Urban mpg (out of town)
83
Combined mpg
70.6
Tax label
A
Choose a low CO2 car – Downsizing
Choose a low CO2 car – Model
5 Door with Particulate Filter 2ltr – 118g/km 2ltr – 145g/km
New or Used? •
Up to 85% of a car’s emissions result from when it’s in use, not in manufacture*
•
A new car can soon offset the energy used to manufacture it.
19% less CO2
* SMMT source
Advice on choosing a fuel efficient car • Look for best in class on CO2 • Check the car label • Consider lifestyle and size • Evaluate the best fuel technology – is it petrol, diesel or an alternative?
Sources of information • Buying a car: http://www.direct.gov.uk/ • • • •
Saving £500 p/a best in class v average (12k miles) Vehicle Certification Agency (new and used): www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk What Car?: www.whatcar.co.uk Next Green Car: www.nextgreencar.com DVLA Vehicle Enquiry: http://www.taxdisc.direct.gov.uk/EvlPortalApp/index.jsp
Alternative Fuels and Technologies
Alternative technologies and fuels Petrol or Diesel
Biofuels LPG
Hybrids Electric
Optimising Performance
Petrol or diesel? •
Car Tax – Diesel’s often cheaper
•
Servicing – Petrol’s often cheaper but more frequent
•
Emissions – Petrol often lower, however diesel is not far off… especially with a diesel particulate filter.
•
Ride – Petrol often wins for speed, noise and smoother. Diesels offer higher torque, useful for lower revs
Petrol or diesel? •
Diesel cars are more expensive (+£1000)
•
(Diesel fuel was more expensive)
•
Consider mileage http://www.parkers.co.uk/car s/petrol-vs-diesel/
Diesel is more efficient but due to higher costs, may not be the most economical option. Consumers need to weigh up costs and mileage to make the best decision.
Biofuels Regulated
Unregulated
- Biodiesel
- Cooking oil
- Bioethanol
- Plant oils
Regulated • Biodiesel o Also made from plant oils such as soybean but treated to remove the glycerine to strict industry standards o Often blended with regular diesel to make B30=30% biodiesel
• Bioethanol o Often made from corn o Can be blended with regular petrol to make B85= bioethanol
Unregulated • Untreated cooking oil and plant oils o These are not refined into biodiesel but used raw o A special adaptation is required where a tank with a heating element is fitted that injects the oil only when it is hot enough to be the right viscocity
Advantages and Disadvantages + Sustainable sources + Burn cleaner + Biofuel crops absorb CO2 + Biodiesel conversions easy and cheap + Cooking oil recycles a waste product - Limited availability - Still producing CO2 and particulates - Unregulated fuel can invalidate guarantee - Uses cleared rainforest land or land for food
• Rising global food prices • Marginalisation of 3rd world farmers • Problems Associated with intensive farming • Deforestation releases a lot of CO2
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas • Improved air quality emissions
• Some CO2 benefit over petrol • ½ the cost of petrol but reducing tax incentive • Car runs less efficiently
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas • Cost benefit to large petrol engined cars with a LPGA approved conversion • No Grants • More information LPG Association: www.lpga.co.uk
The Energy Saving Trust does not advise customers to convert to LPG unless the customer seeks a cost saving from a large petrol engine car.**
Hybrid Cars • Previously only Petrol and electric powered, however Diesel Hybrids now available • Toyota, Lexus and Honda • Very low on CO2 ratings • Much improved all round performance – ‘best of both worlds’
• Plug-in Hybrid
Plug-in Hybrid • Toyota Prius – 108.6 mpg – 59g/km – 12.5miles at 62mph – 134bhp – 112mph
Electric Electric cars • Government promoting electric cars
• Grants of up to £5000 towards the purchase cost (2012)
Electric vans! • Government also promoting electric vans • £250m for grants of up to £8000 towards the purchase cost (2012) • 7 vans eligible at present
Electric Car Grants Eligibility • Its fuel type – battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid or hydrogen fuel cell • A minimum of a 70-mile range on a charge for electric vehicles • A minimum of a 10-mile battery range for plug-in hybrid vehicles • A maximum speed of at least 60mph • Zero emissions for electric vehicles and a maximum CO2 emission rating of 75g/km for plug-in hybrids • A minimum three-year/75,000 mile vehicle warranty and a minimum three-year extendable battery warranty • Minimum safety requirements meeting internationally-recognised standards • A reasonable degree of performance after a three-year period of normal use • It must be a car, not a quadricycle such as the G-Wiz
Electric Cars List • • • • • • • • •
Chevrolet Volt Citroen C-Zero Mitsubishi i-Miev Nissan Leaf Peugeot iOn Smart fortwo electric drive Tata Vista Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid Vauxhall Ampera
Electric Electric cars • More products emerging • Battery technology improving
• Quadricycles = sub 400kg check safety BUT… • Products are expensive • CO2 savings only significant if electricity is generated renewably
CO2 for Electric cars Peugeot 106 electrique from grid electricity
100 g/km
G-Wiz from grid electricity
65g/km
Charge from renewables
near 0g/km
Ford Fiesta econetic
98g/km
Electric Electric cars • Average range = 50 miles
• Average speed = 40mph • New products coming • http://www.electriccarsite.co.uk/ electric-car-charging-points • Grid decarbonisation essential – only 0g/km if powered by renewables (at home or a greener electric grid!)
Solution • Solar power production and charging at home – Enter Miracle Government Plan – Optimising Performance
Optimising Performance • Stop/start
•Gear shift indicators
• Regenerative braking
Electronic gear box
• Low rolling resistance tyres Weight reduction
•Aerodynamic changes
Drive Efficiently “Smarter Driving”
Smarter Driving
Driving Techniques
Vehicle Maintenance
Drive it efficiently • Gears: Change up between 2000-2500 rpm – Before ideally. Diesels have high torque, best for low gears
• Speed: – 85mph vs. 70mph uses approx 25% more fuel – Most efficient speed usually approx 55-60mph
• Greater anticipation to avoid unnecessary acceleration & braking (Foot off cruising) – Coasting could use up to a pints worth more fuel then engine braking
Drive it efficiently • Air conditioning – 10-15% difference between a/c on full & off – Typically 5% overall increase (12 month period in northern Europe) – Windows down? >40mph • Drive off immediately from cold with modern engines. Reverse with warm engine • Turn off if stationary more than two minutes
Vehicle maintenance • Tyres: under-inflated by 10% add 1% to fuel consumption Over-inflated causes tyre wear • Maintain vehicles well through regular servicing • Roof boxes and racks: remove when not in use
Maintenance - Tyres
- Servicing
- Tuning - Filters
Tyres • Keep them well inflated
Check every month Before journeys of more than 2 hours Check manufacturer’s handbook for pressures For every 15psi tyres are underinflated by, you use 6% more fuel
• Check the tread depth Every 2 weeks Do the 20p test
Servicing • A Fuel service will give you better fuel efficiency by cleaning your fuel system so it burns cleaner. Recommended for all cars over the age of 3 years.
Tuning • For better fuel economy other things can be done such as cleaning spark plugs • Cleaning, or on an old car, fitting new fuel injectors can improve the way the fuel is burned.
• Cleaning filters and changing oil regularly also improves combustion, therefore efficiency
The Benefits Safety • Improve road safety • Enhance driving skills
Environmental
15% off
Financial • Save fuel / money (5-15% in the long-term) • Lower vehicle maintenance costs • Reduce costs of accidents
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) • Fewer local air pollutants • Noise reduction
Social • More responsible driving • Less stress while driving • Higher comfort for drivers and passengers
Any Questions?