20160218 thesis work sample

Master Thesis Research Landscape Architecture Wageningen University Yesol Park 2016

Adapting and Communicating Urban Climate by Design ‘Research through designing’ for improving current urban climate adaptation situation of South Korea

THE URBAN PARK WITH MICROCLIMATE EXPERIENCE

Adapting and Communicating Urban Climate by Design ‘Research through designing’ for improving current urban climate adaptation situation of South Korea This master thesis elaborates on how landscape architects can contribute to not only adjusting urban climates, but also communicate issues regarding urban climate adaptation to inhabitants.

With rapid urbanization, combined with industrialization, South Korea is experiencing extreme and exceptional heat waves, particularly in the urban area. There is compelling evidence that this phenomenon will rise sharply in the near future.

The research aims to understand to what extent South Korean people groups – citizens, politicians, planners, designers and urban climate experts – are aware of the urgency of adapting to this phenomenon, and how far they are prepared to implement efficient adaptation measures.

From a landscape architect’s point of view, the study argues that there are two potential implications for design. First, there is a need to improve the urban thermal environment; second, it is necessary to bring people’s perceptions and actions vis-à-vis adapting to urban climate up to date.

In order to test and prove these arguments, an example of a design proposal has been created considering the context of a specific project site in Seoul. Focusing on the double aspects of ‘functional’ and ‘revelatory’ climate adaptation design, this proposal aims to set an example of possible adaptation practices.

The effects of the design are explained through visual impressions of the space and devices used, as well as of the potential climate improvements visitors to the site might experience.

N

Site selection based on climate analysis N

N

N

1240m

N

Air Temperature Deviation (Local Scale) The air temperature of surrounding Seunsangga buildings is particularly higher

N

Air Temperature Deviation Map (City Scale) Most parts of inner city areas of Seoul are exposed to the UHI effect

Study and Design Site Seunsangga Complex, is a 50 meters wide and 1 kilometre long mega structure constructed from 1967 to 1972

Concept & Design idea: Transforming ruined building to urban climate park

Urban decline and potential for changing use

urban climate park

N

N

B

A

C

D

E

F

remained former building structure

ruined building

+ adapting local urban climate

H

G

+ climate experience

N

N

Programe and climate experience in the park

Design focus area wind bridge

sunny side warm deck(west)

warm place for sun lovers cool place for shade lovers cool place with vegetation mixed area with various climate experience

sunbathing rooftop heat refuge

wind wind bridge bridge underground

climate experience rooms green climate atriumsunbathing sunbathing

rooftop rooftop

sunny sunny side side warm warm deck(west) deck(west)

sunbathing rooftop

climate experience rooms bamboo

climate climate experience experience wind rooms rooms

bamboo forest green climate forest

bridge

atrium

green green climate climate atrium atrium

sunny side warm deck(west)

community mushroom farm

winter wind protecting area

multifunctional bamboo glass canopy forest for weather protection

heat heat refuge refuge underground underground community communitywinter wind mushroom mushroom farm farm

protecting winter winter wind wind area protecting protecting area area multifunctional glass canopy

wind multifunctional for weather multifunctional bridge glass canopy Climateprotection glass canopy for experience for weather weather protection rooms protection

wind wind bridge bridge

essential columns secondary elements slab terrace / balcony wall glass

Ja Kim, Arch166

Consultation with the architect in Seoul

wind bridge

Climate atrium with vertical green structures

Cafes, shops - commercial indoor area

heat refuge underground Designed park structure community mushroom farm - Feasibility study

1

The heat intensity of building surfaces and indoor temperature for the warmest summer period in South Korea is evaluated by shadow pattern studies.

Considering the analysis results, various schemes for programs are developed depending on existing temperature conditions.

Influence of sun exposure Existing condition influenced by solar radiation

summer sun at noontime position

summer sunset 19:41

summer sun at noontime position

winter sun at noontime position

winter sunset 17:16

N W

direct sun

winter sunrise 07:28

summer sunrise 5:10

indirect sun

E

S

Summer and winter solstice of the study site

b

b’

Su

m

m

er

solar radiation intensity

potential cool area with shade

weak area for growing vegetation with less sunlight

potential area for growing vegetation

e

su

Sunbathing Rooftop

surface with the most intensive sun exposure

n

at

n

no

e

m

on

tim

e

um

S

- place for sunbathing

u rs

in

e

th

g

in

n or

tim

m

heliostats move with the sun and reflects the rays to disperse them down into the lower part of the atrium

Climate Green Atrium skylight allows for daylight in the atrium and growing plant

green wall in sunny-side building surface

roof provides natural shading

Cafe & Shop Sunny deck

deck provides natural shading

Indoor space with smooth indirect sunlight

Heat refuge/ Open market

Shady deck

Program sueggestion based on influence of sun exposure

Green Climate Atrium

Green climate atrium offers both cooling effect and novel green experience to visitors

2

Wind flows in urban areas can be both a problem and a potential advantage. During cooler seasons like winter, people prefer to be protected from the wind. However, during the hotter seasons which may include heat waves, sufficient ventilation with cool breeze is in order.

Local wind patterns

Careful analysis of prevailing wind patterns occurring around site buildings during two seasons, summer and winter is the basis of the structural design, in the interest of ventilation during summer and protection from low temperatures during the winter.

Local summer(left) winter(right) wind pattern analysis Local summer wind pattern

Local winter wind pattern

summer prevailing wind direction

winter prevailing wind direction wind-shade created behind buildings

summer prevailing wind with higher speed

potential cool area with summer breeze

problematic area from winter wind nuisance

potential for designing wind protection area

Conclusion on the analysis of prevailing summer and winter wind patterns is the basis of the design draw summer wind building blocks winter wind

block winter wind by bamboo tree planting prevailing summer wind passing through the steel skeleton park

draw summer wind

wind protection area behind the building and bamboo forest

wind bridge as cool spot with summer breeze

Wind indicating Art installation

Summer breeze direction

Wind Bridge Area

Temperature Colour code indicators

During the summer, people can be realized the presence of the breeze and its cooling effect through the climate revelatory installations in wind bridge area

Bamboo Forest

bamboo forest blocks winter wind

In the bamboo forest area, people will be protected from cold wind nuisance

3

Generally speaking, people perceive precipitation as a nuisance from which they want to be protected. However, for the case of hot summer days, people would feel pleasure in the cooling effect from rain showers. Therefore, these two influences from precipitation are considered as the problem and the positive potential to human’s experience.

The project site has thereby particularly experienced frequent flooding in the past. As a response to these issues, the design in this study proposes to construct a rainwater harvesting system within the vertical park structure, so that the system will control a peak runoff rainwater flow during the summer months, in addition to using the rainwater in economically savvy ways.

Mean Temperature 40 35

Harvesting & using rainwater 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10

Issues related to precipitation - flooding risk from rainfall JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

Precipitation

OCT

NOV

DEC

Mean Temperature

800

40

700

35 30

600

25 500

20

369.4mm

400

15

294.2mm

300

10

168.7mm

5

200

0 100

-5

0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

Scheme of rainwater storage and supply systems

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

-10

Use of harvested rainwater

A

B

C

1 A

landscape irrigation

B

C

2

rain/fogging effect in climate experience rooms

D

flushing toilet (in cafĂŠs & shops)

cooling mechanisms

installed steel jets create rain shower effect

Climate Experience Rooms - Rain Room rainfall wall

people who feel weary from extreme heat visit rainfall Rain room wall

installed steel jets create rain shower effect

visitors feel cool while they interact with devices for rain shower effect

In the rain room, the installed system with steel jets sprays innumerable tiny drops of harvested rain water to create rain shower effect. During the heat of summer, the rain room will be a popular space for visitors as a heat refuge

high-pressure spraying is carried out by steel jets

people who feel weary from extreme heat visit Cloud room

people who feel weary from extreme heat visit Cloud room

Climate Experience Rooms - Cloud/Fog Room

high-pressure spraying is carried out by steel jets

visiotrs have fun while they interact with climate devices

cooling effect is generated from cloud and fog

cooling effect from cloud and fog

During the heavy rain season, rainwater will be harvested and stored. During the warm summer days the collected rainwater will be used to generate misting/cooling effects in rain/cloud/fog experience rooms