Thesis Research Journal - The Well Trauma Clinic & Retreat Center by YhojanaG

THE HEALING WELL

TRAUMA CLINIC AND FAITH RETREAT CENTRE

Thesis Research Methods Yorkville University By: Yhojana Garreton

Table of Contents

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32 Questionnaire

06 Concept 06

Concept development and Mind Map

Feedback Answers

Spatial Requirements

Project Scope and Branding

13 Interviews

Questionnaire Overview

Questionnaire

40Annotated Bibliography

Interview Disclaimer

Interviews – Retreat Centers Experts

Clinical Sources Bibliography

Interviews – Multi- Faith Experts

Spiritual Sources Bibliography

Interviews – Clinical Psychology Experts

Retreat Centre Sources Bibliography

Image Sources

Thesis Research Methods

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By: Yhojana Garreton

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The spiritual journey is the unlearning of fear and the acceptance of love. - Marrianne Williamson

Concept

CHOOSEN THESIS QUESTIONS TO ADDRESS

After close consideration the aim is to address question or questions through a built environment design in some way. In this case I would like to address four questions with one design. The four intended questions are: Can spaces help overcome trauma and mental health? Can spaces be used to prevent mental health and chronic stress decencies? Can there be spirituality without religious symbolism for a universal faith approach? What elements and materiality can be used universally to lead to spirituality?

Concept

can we create a new identity or a true identity of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Godâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;?

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M i n d M a p

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PROFESSOR COMMENTS: As an interior designer, how can you make the project a (manifestation) of spiritual sanctuary? What design strategies will be used to engage people with the mission of the project? How the project will be engaged with society to promote spirituality as life style? You need to focus on what the activities that will be held in this center? Who are possible users?

Concept

DESIGN STRATEGY & ENGAGEMENT The design of the building will have multi function spaces in which to hold community based programs that will gather those in the community to build awareness.

MANIFESTATION OF SPIRITUALITY The design of the building will manifest spirituality through areas of worship in the multi-faith sanctuary as prayer rooms, areas of worship. In addition the retreat centre is also in junction with the sanctuary, with lead spiritual retreat activities and spiritual leader contact. The design will be inclusive of spiritual spaces of solitude that inspire spiritual connection.

ACTIVITIES The desired activities of the building are individual to each sector. The clinic is to have spaces for clinical activities such as individual and group therapy. The retreat centre will have lodging activities, meal, group and individual gathering spaces as well as spaces for guided lecture activities. The sanctuary is to have prayer rooms and worship areas

TARGET MARKET The target market for this building is everyone, this building is not desired to be exclusively for one group and discriminate other minorities. The clinical portion is for those that require help in building strategies for mental health. However, the sanctuary and the retreat is open to those in the community and outside the community without bias.

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S P A T I A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S

Direct link between spaces

The Well Centre

Trauma & Mental Health Clinic

Multi-Faith Sanctuary

Retreat Centre

Waiting Room

Worship Sanctuary

Reflection Rooms

Offices

Prayer Room

Private Counselling Office

Lodging Rooms Offices Private Space Multi-purpose Rooms

Group Counselling Office

Group Spaces Seminar Rooms

Class Room

Seminar Room

Kitchen Storage Rooms

Storage Rooms

Eating Area Bathrooms

Bathrooms Thesis Research Methods

Public Bathrooms Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton

Project Scope

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Project type: Trauma Clinic & Spiritual Retreat Center

Project Goal: To design a centre that is geared to the treatment and healing of persons in the community with Mental Health and trauma patience through secular therapy methods and spiritual therapy.

Project Program: Within the project scope, the centre aims to have trauma and mental health clinic in secular and spiritual psychotherapy. These clinics will work along aside a spiritual retreat centre and a multifaith sanctuary for the holistic spiritual healing approach.

B r a n d i n gS

Psychotherapy n c R et r e a t u a r y

Spiritual Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy

Trauma & Mental Health Clinic

Spiritual Retreat Centre

Multi-Faith Sanctuary

Retreat Centre

Sanctuary

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The quieter you become, the more you can hear. - Ram Dass

Interviews

Interview Disclaimer

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INTERVIEW DISCLAIMER Research project title: Interior Design Thesis Project Research investigator: Yhojana Garreton Research Participants name:_________________________ Purpose Description The purpose of this interview/questionnaire is to gather the information that may be used by the faculty and students of the Yorkville University Department of Bachelor of Interior Design Program to inform the investigators' thesis for accreditation of the set program. The Interview aims to be between 20 -30 minutes for completion. The interviewee holds no risk or benefits from participation other than to aid in the future and further research. Opinions Any views or opinions represented in this thesis assignment/report/paper are personal and belong solely to Yhojana Garreton and do not represent people, institutions or organizations that Yhojana Garreton may or may not be associated with in professional or personal capacity unless explicitly stated. Any views or opinions are not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, or individual. Yhojana Garreton is responsible for all contents in this assignment/report/paper, including the accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, and so on. Yhojana Garreton disclaims any liability of violations of other parties' rights or any damage incurred as a consequence to use or apply any of the contents of this assignment/report/paper. Material submitted to Yhojana Garreton is original and not published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Plagiarism Statement I certify that this assignment/report/paper is my work, based on my study and/or research and that I have acknowledged all material and sources used in its preparation, whether they be books, articles, reports, lecture notes, and any other kind of document, electronic or personal communication. I also certify that this assignment/report/paper has not previously been submitted for assessment in any other unit, except where specific permission has been granted from all unit coordinators involved, or at any additional time in this unit, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of other students and/or persons.

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INTERVIEW DISCLAIMER

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Note: This Disclaimer is to serve as a cover for the questionnaire or presented to potential interviewee before interview

Research project title: Interior Design Thesis Project Research investigator: Yhojana Garreton Research Participants name:_________________________

1. I agree to participate in the research study. I understand the purpose and nature of this study, and I am participating voluntarily. I understand that I can withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty or consequences. 2. I grant permission for the data generated from this interview to be used in the researcher's publications on this topic. 3. I grant consent for the interview session to be recorded and saved for the purpose of review by the researcher. [If others (such as research assistants, dissertation supervisor) will view the recording, then note here.] 4. I agree that any information obtained in connection with this study and that I can identify with myself will remain confidential and will be disclosed only with my permission.

Upon signing below you agree and understand to the above agreement with your participation in this study.

Participant signature

Thesis Research Methods

Date

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton

Interviews

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Interview Goal: The interview goal for these set of experts is to gain some knowledge on the requirement of being a host of a religious or non-religious psychological retreat centre. Through these individuals' expertise, it is hoped that further understanding may be gained in the spatial requirements and expected events that part of a retreat centre. By further understanding the routines of overnight and day retreats, the application may become more apparent in forms of potential opportunities, programming, schematic design and gaps within the retreat platform.

Sister Terry Falco, RSM, Position: Program Director Company: Sisters of Mount Carmel; Carmelite Spiritual Centre Contact Information: 62292 Fish Hatchery Road Email: carmelcenter@bellsouth.net P.O. Box 130 Lacombe, LA 70445 (985) 882-7579 Fax: (985) 882-6563 Background: Sister Terry is the Program Director for groups and individuals who use the Centers. She holds a masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s degree in Liturgy and is certified in Spiritual Direction. Her ministry includes teaching, pastoral associate, and liturgical consultant for building.

Gloria Alberta Nye Position: Program Coordinator Company: Eramosa Eden Spiritual Centre Contact Information: 519-856-0380 Email: eramosaeden@gmail.com Background: Author and Tutor

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Interview Questions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Retreat Centre Experts

* Changes are seen in green bolded text

1. When it comes to a healing retreat setting, what are some essential requirements of an effective journey? 2. In contrast to the above question, what can hinder the process of healing in an individual? 3. In what ways do you consider the importance of nature, lighting and water to be part of the healing process when planning spaces in a retreat centre? 4. From your experience, can you tell me if and or how can open private spaces be more beneficial to the retreat process than open common spaces? 5. What are some of the programs that you currently hold in your facility that you have noticed to be the most successful in the retreat mission? 6. What are some of the measurable processes that you have that shows spiritual healing? 7. What do you consider to be an appropriate approach to guided and solitary reflection? 8. Based on this appropriate approach from your previous answer to reflection, how do you see the facility effectively supporting these activities? 9. Based on your facility, what are some specific accommodation requirements and limitations to a faith neutral retreat centre? 10. Thinking back to an encounter with retreat guests, can you tell me of a scenario where the building did not facilitate the objective of the individual? 11. Drawing from your personal experience in this field, what are specific details in the programs or the building that have positively impacted the growth of guests and staff? 12. What have been some details about your program and the facility that have helped in creating relationships and bonds between staff and guests that have led to the facilities' overall success? 13. In your years of experience, can you point out some challenges in the design of the facility? 14. Within your expertise, are there any suggestions that you would consider viable or necessary in the future design of a spiritual retreat centre?

PROFESSOR COMMENTS: Use the (building) of (facility) rather than (Built Environment) for clear interpretation. Built environment is clear for interior designers and architect but may be not others (Q. 8, 10, 11, 12) Q. 13-Rephrase; make easier to understand. The interviewee is not an interior designer or architect.

Previous Phrasing 13. In your years of experience within this facility, can you point out some design limitations of the facility that has proven to be a challenge?

Rephrased 13. In your years of experience, can you point out some challenges in the design of the facility?

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Interviews

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Centers Interview Goal: The interview goal for these set of experts is to gain knowledge on the universal treatment and linking bridges between inter-faith. Their expertise in their approach to prayer and mediation spaces in a common platform will allow for a conceptual approach and design development.

Richard Chambers

Position: Director, Multi-Faith Centre Company: University of Toronto Contact Information: 416-946-3119 Email: richard.chambers@utoronto.ca

Dr. David C. Malloy

Position: Principal Company: Kings Western University Multi-Faith Centre Contact Information: King's University College Email: info@kings.uwo.ca at Western University Canada 266 Epworth Avenue London Ontario, Canada N6A 2M3 Background: Honours in Bachelor of Arts from Western University, Masters of Arts from Western University and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Ottawa.

Amanda Bjรถrn

Position: Executive Vice President People, Culture, & Strategy Company: Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre Contact Information: 980 Oliver Road Email: tbrhsc@tbh.net Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 6V4

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Interview Questions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Retreat Centre Experts

* Changes are seen in green bolded text

1. What programs do you think are important to have in a multi-faith facility? 2. Can you describe how you feel the built environment of a multi-faith centre can support these programs? 3. In your experience within the multi-faith congregational facility, would you say are some gaps in the interior design of these facilities? 4. What are some things that you have encountered in a building that you believe have effectively integrated faith that is not symbolic to one specific faith? 5. How would you define universal inclusivity within a multi-faith platform? 6. Can you tell me a particular scenario where you have seen how the built environment of the facility negatively impacted the journey of faith of visitors? 7. Can you tell me a specific situation where you have seen how the facility's built environment has positively impacted and guided the journey of faith of visitors? 8. Can you tell me what kind of programs or services you hold in your multi-faith centre that is multi-faith inclusive? 9. What are some of the specific limitations that you have found not to be faith-neutral in these facilities? 10.What are some of the commonalities between the faiths that are essential to the place of worship? 11.In contrast to the previous question, what are some of the minimal requirements for the place of worship? 12.As each faith has, it's cleansing or purification rituals, what are the commonalities that can be drawn from each that would make the pre-worship areas inclusive to all? 13.What factors in a built environment, would you consider affect people's belief in a higher power? 14.When speaking about the building and social interaction , what are some areas that you find divide faiths today? 15.What are some of the common reasons within your experience that drive people to use these faith neutral spaces rather than traditional mono-faith spaces? 16.What are some of the faith neutral spaces for self-meditation and self-awareness essentials for a successful faith-neutral centre? 17.Within your expertise, are there any suggestions that you would consider viable or necessary in the future design of a Multi-faith centre and sanctuary.

PROFESSOR COMMENTS: Q. 1 to 7 and 14- Rephrase; make easier to understand. The interviewee is not an interior designer or architect. Other are good questions as they will give more understanding of multi-faiths centers and activities.

Previous Phrasing 1. What are some programs that you believe are important to have in a multi-faith setting geared to the general public? Rephrased 1. What programs do you think are important to have in a multi-faith facility?

Previous Phrasing 2. Can you describe how you feel the built environment of a multi-faith centre can support these programs? Rephrased 2. How could a facility best support the programs mentioned in question one?

Previous Phrasing 3. In your experience within the multi-faith congregational facility, would you say are some gaps in the interior design of these facilities? Rephrased 3. In your experience, can you tell me what are somethings that are missed in the design of multi-faith buildings?

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Previous Phrasing 4. What are some architectural features that you have come across that you believe have effectively integrated faith into the built

environment that has no direct symbolism with one specific faith? Rephrased 4. What are some things that you have encountered in a building that you believe have effectively integrated faith that is not symbolic to one specific faith?

Previous Phrasing 5. How would you define universal inclusivity within a multi-faith platform? Rephrased 5. How would you define universal inclusivity in a multi-faith facility?

Previous Phrasing 6. Can you tell me a particular scenario where you have seen how the built environment of the facility negatively impacted the journey of faith of visitors? Rephrased 6. Can you describe a time where you have seen the building has negatively impacted a visitors journey of faith?

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Previous Phrasing 7. Can you tell me a specific situation where you have seen how the facility's built environment has positively impacted and guided the

journey of faith of visitors? Rephrased 7. In contrast to question 6, can you describe a time where the building has positively effected a visitors journey in faith? Previous Phrasing 14. When it comes to spaces in a multi-faith centre, what are some of the most critical factors that divide faiths today? Rephrased 14. When speaking about the building and social interaction , what are some areas that you find divide faiths today?

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Interviews

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Interview Goal: The interview goal for these set of experts is to gain knowledge on the scientific and physical approach to clinical counselling and therapy. The expertise of spatial requirements, psychological standards for treatment and scientific or faith-based gaps in a clinic environment will aid in further understanding. The knowledge gained from these experts will help guide and shape programming, schematic design and design development of the secular division of clinical therapy clinic for the Healing Well.

Dr. Ragne Pajo

Position: Clinical Psychologist Company: Bloor West Therapy Contact Information: B2425 Bloor St West., Suite 511 Toronto Ont, M6S 4W4

email: info@bwtherapy.ca

Background: Doctorate in Psychotherapy from the university of Hartford in Connecticut USA 2008. Specializes in outpatient therapy in trauma, crisis and behavioural therapy.

Dr. Robert Sheppard

Position: Medical Program Director, Mental Health Company: Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre Contact Information: 980 Oliver Road Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 6V4

Email: tbrhsc@tbh.net

Background: Doctorate in Psychiatry from the University of Toronto.

Tony Sedfawi,

Position: Executive Director Company: Canadian Association for Spiritual Care Contact Information: 1267 Dorval Drive, Unit 27 Email: tony@spiritualcare.ca Oakville, ON L6M 3Z4 Canada Background: MBA

John Labao

Position: National Program Manager Company: Canadian Mental Health Association Contact Information: 250 Dundas St. West, Suite 500 Email: jlabao@cmha.ca <jlabao@cmha.ca>; Toronto, ON M5T 2Z5 Background: Bachelor of Health Administration from Ryerson University, Business process management from the University of Toronto

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Interview Questions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Retreat Centre Experts

* Changes are seen in green bolded text

1. What are some standard in clinical building design that you believe positively help in the treatment of trauma and mental health patients recovery? 2. In contrast to question 1, what are some of the clinical building design done today that have negatively impacted the recovery of your outbound patients? 3. How have you personally seen some clinical designs, delay or accelerate the progress of an outbound patient? 4. Have you experienced any specific limitation in a treatment room that required it to be redesigned to fit a specific clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs? 5. Are there any public area requirements, such as in the waiting or common corridor that you believe is of paramount consideration that is specific to mental and trauma patients? 6. When dealing with mental health and trauma patients, what are some particular security or privacy requirements that have not been considered or overlooked in your years of practice? 7. Same as the question above, when dealing with these patients, what are specific considerations when dealing with lighting and ventilation? 8. Can you describe for me the process by which you determine the necessary treatment of a patient? 9. Can you break down the different types of treatment with which the industry follows to treat people specific to a kind of mental health condition? 10. In the case of PTSD patients, each patient has different triggers, can you generalize and give me some of the most common triggers. 11. Thinking back to your last treatment session, what was the progression that your client used to familiarizes themselves with and use the treatment room space? 12. Can any of the triggers mentioned in the last question be directly linked to clinical building design? 13. In your clinical practice, what is the process of receiving and discharging clients? 14. Within this process of receiving and discharging clients, what have been some challenges, you would like to address in spatial planning? 15. Within your expertise, are there any suggestions that you would consider viable or necessary in the future design of a clinical treatment centre for Trauma and Mental Health patients.

PROFESSOR COMMENTS: Q. 1 to 4 and 13- Rephrase; make easier to understand. The interviewee is not an interior designer or architect. Q. 11, 12, 14 to 17 are good questions as they will give more understanding of multi-faiths centers and activities

Previous Phrasing 1. What would you consider as some critical standards in the built environment that positively aid in the treatment of trauma and mental

health patients? Rephrased 1. What are some standard in clinical building design that you believe positively help in the treatment of trauma and mental health patients recovery?

Previous Phrasing 2. What would be some of those standards in the built environment that you believe have instead negatively effected the recovery progress of a patient.? Rephrased 2. In contrast to question 1, what are some of the clinical building design done today that have negatively impacted the recovery of your outbound patients?

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Previous Phrasing 3. From your previous experience, can you describe a clinic where you can say that the interior design delayed or accelerated the progress

of a patient? How so? Rephrased 3. How have you personally seen some clinical designs, delay or accelerate the progress of an outbound patient?

Previous Phrasing 4. Are there any specific limitations that you have experienced that required a redesign of a space to meet a client's needs specifically? Rephrased 4. Have you experienced any specific limitation in a treatment room that required it to be redesigned to fit a specific clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs? Previous Phrasing 13. In your clinical practice, what is the process of receiving and discharging clients? Rephrased 13. Specifically in you practice, what is the process of accepting clients and releasing those clients?

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Thesis Research Methods

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In every walk with nature one receives far more than he seeks - John Muir

QUESTIONNAIRE

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QUESTIONNAIRE

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Questionnaire Goal: The goal in this questionnaire is to reach a close enough audience to the potential end-user that can provide feedback and understanding. Without bias, the goal is to draw a close enough picture of the background, cultural influence, and values of the end-user.

Targeted Market: The individuals targeted for this questionnaire are the family members, caregivers and support circle of mental health and PTSD patients.

Benefits of Targeted Market Audience: The vulnerability and bias of the patience to which this facility is targeted towards; is not one that would produce a clear understanding of the information being sought. The closet persons available to these patients and, on some occasions, would be the decision-makers on behalf of the patients are the best choice for this research avenue. The immediate supports and inner circle of the patients can provide a close enough insight on the needs, requirements and future goals of the individuals that will produce a more refined design. In addition, within some cases of these types of patients, the support of family and caregivers is essential to the healing and growth of the patient. In this case, their opinions and views will be crucial to the understanding of what can define and lead these individuals to suggest or decide to have their family, friends, and other individuals (patients) to use The Healing Well Trauma clinic & Retreat Centre.

Questionnaire Type: The questionnaire will be a Focus Group Type, aiming to target a close niche to the potential end-user to identify opportunities.

Avenue of Outreach: The questionnaire will aim to be made available through community mental health clinics and the Canadian Mental Health Association. The questionnaire is prepared so that the client's family and caregivers can perform during the wait time while a patient is in a clinical session. The idea is that questionnaire will not be take-home activity rather a short activity during a time that the focus group has already set aside.

Accessibility of Outreach: When accepted by a clinic, a poster with a QR Code will be displayed. The QR code will direct the individual to a link for the questionnaire completion on a mobile device. The questionnaire's design is an infographic questionnaire that is easily understandable with icons and dynamic for interest. During the process of the 'Thesis One' course will attempt to have this questionnaire translated to various common languages for accessibility.

Number of Questions: The questionnaire aims to be 12 questions long with a maximum time of 5 minutes of activity.

Thesis Research Methods

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PROFESSOR COMMENTS:

QUESTIONNAIRE

With the Corona Virus Pandemic situation many clinics are closed and not having many physical visitations, how will you re-adapt your outreach of the questionnaire to suit the current situation.

Avenue of Outreach Redefined: The questionnaire will aim to be made available through community mental health clinics and the Canadian Mental Health Association. The questionnaire is prepared so that the client's family and caregivers can perform during the wait time while a patient is in a clinical session. The idea is that questionnaire will not be take-home activity rather a short activity during a time that the focus group has already set aside. In response to COVID-19 social restrictions, the questionnaire will be distributed through online community websites where it will be made available to general public for a diversification of outreach. This outreach avenue will be in addition to the clinic platform.

Snapd is an online community platform that targets specific communities with Canada. This platform will be used to target residents in the GTA communities.

Nextdoor is an online community platform that targets specific communities with Canada. This platform will be used to target residents in the GTA communities.

Introductory Poster for in-clinical request

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QUESTIONNAIRE cont’d

Questionnaire Introduction Hi! My name is Yhojana Garreton; I am an Interior Design student researching for my thesis project. I want to invite you to help me design a great place for us to grow and find healing. I want to design a place that helps us find healing, mentally and spiritually. A place that is neutral for all of us to find our own path and wellbeing. With this questionnaire, you will help me find out more about the needs and the values that individuals diagnosed with PTSD and Mental Health Disorders require to find healing and overcome. The place where we get treated and find hope makes a significant difference in how fast we overcome; you can help design that difference in the lives of those whom we care. This questionnaire is easy to follow and should only take 5 minutes or less. You will not be asked to give personal information, and all responses are collected anonymously. All answers are used collectively for the interior design intent of the thesis project ‘The Healing Well: Trauma Clinic and Retreat Centre.’ Thank you for participating.

Questionnaire Instructions Please select the answer that best applies to you, if you do not feel comfortable responding to any of the questions bellow; that’s ok, just skip and proceed to next one.

Questionnaire About You

1. What age group best describes you?

□ 18 to 24

□ 25 to 34

□ 35 to 44

□ 45 to 54

□ 54 to 64

□ 65+ over

2. Which race/ethnicity best describes you?

□ African American

□ Hispanic/Latinx

□ East Asian

□ Pacific Islander

□ South Asian □ Southeast Asian

□ Middle Eastern

□ American Native

□ Prefer not to say 38

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3. Which member of support are you to the person who uses this clinic?

□ Parent

□ Sibling

□ Relative

□ Friend

□ External Caregiver

4. Have you ever used yourself a clinic that treats any mental health disorder?

□ Yes

□ No

□ Prefer not to Answer

About the Service User

5. How often does the service user use the clinic monthly?

□ 1 to 2 time

□ 3 to 4 times

□ 5 or more times

6. What mediums do they use to find comfort and healing when experiencing emotional distress? (Select all that apply)

□ Nature

□ Music

□ Art

□ Cooking

□ Other (Please Specify _______________________)

7. In which type of setting do you see them feeling more comfortable?

□ Solitary & Private Spaces

□ Group & Open Spaces

□ Both

□ Don’t Know

8. Do they currently practice any faith that helps them cope?

□ Yes

□ No

□ Don’t Know Your Opinion

9. How important do you think is spirituality in the healing process of any patient?

□ Important

□ Somewhat Important

□ Not Really Important

□ Not Important

10. What practices would you like consider using psychotherapy treatment for patients with mental health disorders? (Select all that apply)

□ Faith Traditions and Worship

□ Discipline Practices (Yoga, Tai Chi etc.)

□ Meditation & Contemplation

□ None of the above 11. How beneficial do you think it would be for the patient to have a retreat centre available for the healing process?

□ Beneficial

□ Somewhat Beneficial

□ Not Really Beneficial

□ Not Beneficial

12. How likely do you think they would use a multi-faith sanctuary for their own walk to healing?

□ Likely

□ Somewhat Likely

□ Not Really Likely

□ Not At All

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The spiritual path â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is simply the journey of living our lives. Everyone is on a spiritual path; most people just don't know it. - Marrianne Williamson

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Annotated Bibliography Goal: To analytically search for peer reviewed sources for the purpose of investigation applicable data to the topic of this thesis. For the purpose of this research investigation will be done through published journals in the mental health clinical subject, multi-faith centers, and retreat wellness subject. The research is aimed to find relevant data that will aid in the design process while leading the concept for â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Well Trauma Clinic & Faith Retreat. Sources are chosen for their relevancy, accuracy and quality.

PROFESSOR COMMENTS:

The Built Environment and Mental Health

Effects Of Interior Design on Wellness: Theory and Recent Scientific Research

Journal

Research Paper

Journal

No additional changes required at this time.

A built environment with architectural parameters in sustainability that mitigates the onset of PTSD in high armed conflict: physiological, cognitive, psychoanalytic, and social/behavioral stimuli to induce cognitive processing for self-healing

Adherence to Mental Health Treatment in a Primary Care Clinic

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Tittle:

The Built Environment and Mental Health

Authors: Publisher:

Gary W. Evans Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

December 4,2003: Vol. 80

Evans, G. W. (2003). The Built Environment and Mental Health. Journal of Urban Health: The New York Academy of Medicine, Vol. 80(No. 4), 536-555.

Article Abstract: This article examines the effects and of design in the built environment through various mediums. The mediums explored in the article for direct correlations between mental health and buildings; are housing and institutional settings. The emphasis within the institutional buildings looked at are psychiatric Facilities and Alzheimer's Facilities with an in-depth analysis in Crowding, Noise, Indoor Air Quality and Light. The article also explores the indirect effects of space on mental health through social support, restoration, and personal control concepts. These concepts are for the author's plausible building standard as foundations of further study. Article Critique: This article is an excellent source for a psychological reference as a starting point for further analysis. It is a concise format of relevant design examples and their correlative effects; based on correlative and experimental research; allowed for general understanding. The article gave architectural design examples of which critical ideas for the thesis design and programming could be gathered. Such are circulation, adjacencies and psychological considerations.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “Characteristics of the built environment can directly influence mental health. Environmental characteristics with direct effects on mental health include housing, crowding, noise, indoor air quality, and light.” (Evans, 2003. Pg. 536) Quote 2: “People feel better and have better mental health when they can control their surroundings.74–76 When opportunities for control over the environment are thwarted, helplessness can occur.” (Evans, 2003. Pg. 544) Quote 3: “Territoriality, the ability to monitor and regulate use of space, is related to the physical environment. Tall, large structures, long interior corridors, lack of small group spaces, and poor visual surveillance capability (e.g., inability to monitor entrances, places for concealment) interfere with territorial control and feelings of ownership” (Evans, 2003. Pg. 544)

Term Glossary

Additional References Dalgard OS, Tambs K. Urban environment and mental health: a longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:530–536. Evans GW. Environmental stress and health. In: Baum A, Revenson T, Singer JE, eds. Handbook of Health Psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 2001:571–610. Timko C. Physical characteristics of residential psychiatric and substance abuse programs: organizational determinants and patient outcomes. Am J Community Psychol. 1996;24:173–192. Weich S, Blanchard M, Prince M, Burton E, Erens B, Sproston K. Mental health and the built environment: cross sectional survey of individual and contextual risk factors for depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;176:428–433.

Permeability: the state or quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it Analogous: comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

Design & Key Reference Take Away • The arrangement of furniture can be utilized to promote social interaction, e.g. Facing chairs towards each other at comfortable distances. • Hallways decor and weather protection at entryways significantly showed greater confidence in psychological adjustment in patients. • Patients respond better to hospitality spaces where they have their own private space, rather than open shared spaces. Their social engagement is optimal, where shared accommodations caused social withdrawal. • Indoor air toxins can be contributors to mental health, such as elevated carbon dioxide from gas stoves and may cause aggressive behaviour. • Materials with lead and exposure have caused an impediment in self-regulating behaviour, e.g. focus attention and frustration tolerances. • Materials with mercury, manganese and organic solvents produce anxiety, depression, irritability and difficulties in concentration. • Hospitalized patients for severe depression have been found to recover faster in spaces with more natural sunlight exposure than dimly light rooms. • Built environments can significantly impact the sense of helplessness. Designs such as long corridors manifested helplessness than limited space arrangements per corridor. • Social Interaction spaces can also regulate social interaction. The options of small intimate, small group, large group and public interaction spaces will allow the user to identify control of space. Size, location and permeability of spaces influence social control. • Social support networks are influenced by arrangement and proximity. Directly facing or connected spaces promote social interaction. Creating focal points is also useful as it promotes neutral territory and visual prospects; by the ability to see what is happening in a space before coming to it. • Noise pollutants can cause social withdrawal and irritability in people.

45 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ImageImage 9 9

Tittle: Authors: Publisher:

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

2018

Havelka, H. L. (2018). A Built Environment with Architectural Parameters in Sustainability That Mitigates the Onset of PTSD in High Armed Conflict: Physiological, Cognitive, Psychoanalytic, And Social/Behavioral Stimuli to Induce Cognitive Processing for SelfHealing (Master's thesis, University of Arizona, 2018). The University of Arizona.

Article Abstract: This thesis papers center around the exploration of popular stimulants, and environmental precedence taken towards veterans with PTSD. The intent and parameters of the thesis design and discussion are the mitigation of triggered episodes in patients by the design of the built environment. The understanding of the psychological realm of PTSD patients and rehabilitation, translated into a center OPB-TE. The author uses case studies, pilot studies and personal experiences throughout the first chapters to address critical questions for the basis of design.

Article Critique: This thesis is an in-depth study and process of design for a PTSD clinical setting. The main areas to focus on for this thesis will be on Chapter 4:Understanding PTSD mental and cognitive processing, chapter 6: Neuroscience and the Build Environment and Chapter 7: Regulating Systems and PTSD.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “External stimuli induce internal stimuli and vice versa therefore a human built environment that mimics natural geometries found in nature, in combination with texture emphasis and pleasing frequency distribution through a device, will mitigate symptoms of PTSD by balancing chemicals, neuron activity, and neural pathway imbalances.” (Havelka, 2018. Pg. 51) Quote 2: “By looking at ratios of spatial dimensions and geometry we can develop an appealing environment that helps molecular memory encoding and relieves symptoms of PTSD” (Havelka, 2018. Pg. 53)

Term Glossary

Additional References Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. American Psychologist, 52(4), 366. Cahill, S. P., Pontoski, K., & D'Olio, C. M. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder II: Considerations for treatment and prevention. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 2(9), 34. Day, C. (2017). Places of the soul: Architecture and environmental design as healing art. New York, NY: Routledge.

Design & Key Reference Take Away • In patients with PTSD, irregularities in a neurological system vibration to Microtubules improve mental, neurological and cognitive response. The alteration of these vibrations in design can be achieved by the assimilation of cognitive connection to natural elements and geometries found within our atmosphere. In other words, through Biophilic Design. • Neural computation is the ability of one’s ability to regulate emotion. Patients with PTSD benefit from positive environmental exposure, such as calming settings and nature centered environments.

Neural Computation: Neural computation attempts to understand in which ways do various elements (Cerebellum, Hippocampus, Neocortex, and Olfactory Crotex) interact to process information and generate behavior in learning and memory. Encasement: is the covering or "encasing" of all building components, interior and exterior. This includes all roofing and toxic hazards materials, such as asbestos, leadbased paint, mold/mildew and other harmful substances, found in buildings. Synesthesia impairment: is a neurologically condition that stimulates one sensory or cognitive pathway leading to automatic, involuntary experiences.

• Patients with PTSD have irregularities in their memory processing (storage, processing and distribution), meaning that they require stimuli in the environment for the physical perception of memory. Non-stressful environments with examples in geometries, circulation, wayfinding and external stimulus elements. • In PTSD patients, key sensory information is visual, auditory, olfactory, LV temperature, and tactile sources. • Emotions and senses are used to impact the experience of patients with PTSD positively, such are curvature, texture, geometry, and colour contrast. Architecture can influence creativity, which enhances cognition. • The proper healing process for patients is through self-acceptance that leads to self-healing. • Thermal temperature regulating space aid in the reduction of intolerable behaviour. • Synesthesia impairment is associated with PTSD. The use of colour is the crucial element in aiding the perception of PTSD. • Green is a colour that is related to pleasantness, calmness, happiness, and overall increased mood. • Music is vital because of its interaction and effects on the brain systems (hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, the mesolimbic dopamine system, and impacts the HPA axis). Music affects the autonomic nervous system through activating the arousal responses, such as breathing, heart rate, electrodermal skin conductance, blood volume, pulse amplitude and body temperature.

47 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ImageImage 9 9

Tittle:

Effects Of Interior Design on Wellness: Theory and Recent Scientific Research

Authors: Publisher:

Rogers S. Ulirch Research Gate

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

June 15,2015

Ulrich, R. S. (2015). Effects Of Interior Design on Wellness: Theory and Recent Scientific Research. Research Gate, 97-109.

Article Abstract: This article focus on the perspective of the author, a behavioural scientist, ways in which a facility of medical service can be designed as a supportive psychological facility that accordingly supports wellness. The author does this through examples of scientific research to showcase design choices that hinder a healing process in a medical facility. The focus on the design intents is in interior visual attributes that are indicators of well-being and on health-related indicators. The author proposes theories that increase the understanding of the needs of patients, visitors and staff to how they relate to these facilities. The proposed theory, as desired by the authors, aims to set a framework for organizing and discussing findings obtained by scientific research. Article Critique: This article was excellent as in its application of perspective and suggestion; the author deliberated the idea that the research used to back up his theory was no directly correlative to the ideas. However, it was applicable by measures of correlations in analysis and setting. With that being said, the specific examples of supportive design, as specified by the author, were understandable and evidently could be transitioned into the setting for this thesis. The theory behind the authors ‘supportive design’ is providing a sense of control as it pertains to physical, social surroundings and access to social support and access to positive distractions in physical surroundings. Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “The fact that social support has been found rather consistently to be an important factor in stress and wellness suggests that it should be included in a contemporary theory of stress-reducing design.” (Ulrich, 2015. Pg. 101) Quote 2: “The effects of supportive surroundings facilitate patients’ coping with major stress accompanying illness. The effects of supportive design are complementary to healing effects of drugs other medical technologies, and foster the process of recovery” (Ulrich, 2015. Pg. 97)

Term Glossary

Additional References Clearwater, Y.a. and Coss, R.G. (1990). “Functional Aesthetics to enhance well-being in isolated and confined settings.” In A. Harrison, Y.A. Clearwater and C. MsKay (Eds.) The human experience in Antartica: Applications to life in space. New York: Springer-Verlag. Ruga, W. (1989). “Designing for the six senses,” Journal of Health Care Interior Design. 1:29, 34.

Self-efficacy: An individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Patients when visiting health facilities have documented stressors both psychologically and by the built environment. Such are noisy, invade privacy, and provide little support.

•

Psychological noted that stress is a sense of helplessness with feelings of anxiety and depression.

•

Stress can have a significant impact on the suppression of the immune system function in a person. Stress is also associated with negative behaviours affecting wellness, such as verbal outbursts, social withdrawal, substance abuse, and noncompliance.

•

Stress, as a common denominator, also effects the staff that, in turn, is passed down to patients. Support family members and visitors.

•

Through the sense of control, stressors can transverse from negative to positive. In a healthcare setting, a sense of control is highly reduced and increases stress. Such forms on non-control in design are: Wayfinding can be noisy and confusing

Visual Privacy

Over lighting and temperature are forms of invasion of privacy.

Controllable televisions in visitor areas

•

Lack lounge or break areas for staff escape areas for staff

Positive

•

Negative

Design & Key Reference Take Away

gardens accessible to patients workstations that avoid interruptions by visitors

Heavy furniture can hinder the social support portion of the supportive design. To promote social support, furniture might be flexible, lightweight and could be rearranged for small group settings.

•

Comfortable seating and overnight accommodation for the family of patients may prove to aid the wellness of a patient. Areas that promote patient to visitor socializing in areas such as gardens.

•

**Social interaction should be promoted within limits so that not to compromise that self-control requirement of privacy.

•

Sensory deprivation can increase levels of stress with higher ratings of delirium and psychosis.

•

Positive distractions are elements that are important to us such as, happiness, laughing, caring faces, animals, plants, trees and water.

•

Negative distractions are wall art directly in the line of vision of patients, continuous television playing in waiting rooms, and abstract art.

Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

49 By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ImageImage 9 9

Tittle:

Adherence to Mental Health Treatment in a Primary Care Clinic

Authors: Publisher:

Jodi Gonzalez, PhD, John W. Williams Jr., MD, MHSc, Polly Hitchcock Noe¨l, PhD, and Shuko Lee, MS Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

Publishing Date: 29 March 2005 APA Cite:

Gonzalez, J., PhD, Williams, J. W., MD, Noel, P. H., &amp; Lee, S., MS. (2005). Adherence to Mental Health Treatment in a Primary Care Clinic. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 87-96.

Article Abstract: This article is a research article that test out the nonadherence of patients to treatments of mental health through variance in practioner clinic. The aim of the research was to find out if there was a compliancy limitation by the patient on the basis of who was giving treatment.

Article Critique: For the application of this thesis, some information found in this article can be utilized to better understand the end user of the space. Through the understanding in limitation of what psychological factors may prevent to use of the facility and treatment services, the approach of addressing some issues architecturally may be applied. However, not enough information could be narrowed, as the basis for the research was on the medication compliancy. Nonetheless, this article is a starting point for further avenues of evidence and experimental research within the realm of patient compliancy and treatment adherence of mental health services.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “Clinic-related variables were more salient for medication adherence, and adherence improved in both groups when patients understood the potential benefits of treatment. For medication, maintaining the daily regimen probably requires belief in the potential benefits to be gained despite the inconvenience, side effects, and gradual improvement that may occur.” (Gonzalez, Williams, Noel, & Lee, 2005. Pg. 94) Quote 2: “Nonadherence to mental health treatment is related to poor outcomes in any treatment setting. improvement that may occur.” (Gonzalez, Williams, Noel, & Lee, 2005. Pg. 87)

Term Glossary

Additional References

Adherence: attachment or commitment to a person, cause, or belief.

Noonan JR. A follow-up of pretherapy dropouts. J Community Psychol 1973;1:43– 4. Olfson M. Primary care patients who refuse specialized mental health services. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:129 –32 Orleans CT, George LK, Houpt JL, Brodie HK. How primary care physicians treat psychiatric disorders: a national survey of family practitioners. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:52–7. Peeters FP, Bayer H. ‘No-show’ for initial screening at a community mental health centre: rate, reasons and further help-seeking. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1999;34:323–7.

Non-Adherence: health care: results when a patient does not initiate or continue care that a provider has recommended.

Design & Key Reference Take Away • Most of mental health treatments are provided by primary care physicians. Between 55% and 60% of primary care patients do not take psychiatric medication as given and fail to follow-up with the referred mental health physicians. Non-compliance to treatment follow through, retards or cause outcome failures. • Non-adherence is attributed to the uncertainty of medication effects, and poor quality of doctor-patient communication line. • Test results: • For patients who were prescribed an antidepressant medication, 68% refilled their prescription at 1 month, and 57% were adherent at 6 months. • For patients referred to mental health treatment, 71% attended their first scheduled appointment and 52% were adherent at 6 months. • The average length of time to the initial mental health appointment was 56.5 days. • Eighty-five percent of the antidepressant prescriptions were for an indication of depression, whereas the remaining 15% were for depression with comorbidity (eg, anxiety, grief, interpersonal problems) or anxiety • 47% of the referrals were for depression, whereas the remaining 53% were for depression with comorbidity or anxiety. • Patients referred to mental health treatment were less likely to have uncomplicated depression compared with those receiving medication. • 43% od patients admitted to not knowing enough about options of treatment facilities. While, 4% of patients said to prefer mental health treatment at a specialty clinic. • Patients were more compliant with treatment regimes where the understanding and relatability of benefits as the end goal. • Patients attending mental health appointments, were less likely to be adherent when they have had prior negative treatment experiences.

51 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Image 15

ImageImage 9 9

PROFESSOR COMMENTS:

A House of Prayer for all Peoples? The Unique Case of Somerville College Chapel

Journal

Magazine Article

No additional changes required at this time.

Open Faith

Spiritual Diversity: Multifaith Perspectives in Family Therapy

A Multifaith Spiritually Based Intervention for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Trial

53 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ImageImage 9 9

Tittle:

A House of Prayer for all Peoples? The Unique Case of Somerville College Chapel

Authors: Publisher:

Moulin-Stożek, D., & Gatty, F Oxford

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

March 2018

Moulin-Stożek, D., & Gatty, F. (2018, March). A House of Prayer for all Peoples? The Unique Case of Somerville College Chapel, Oxford. Material Religion, 14(1), 83-114. doi:10.1080/17432200.2017.1418478

Article Abstract: In this article in the academic journal Material Religion, the authors explain that the evolution of multifaith builds has grown in Europe and North America. However, these buildings have received little recognition. In this article, the authors give us a glimpse of the Chapel at Somerville College in Oxford England, which was converted into a multifaith house of prayer. The chapel was chosen as a multifaith house of prayer because it celebrated the values of Emily Georgiana Kemp. Kemp gave a generous donation, which allowed the opening of the chapel in 1935.

Article Critique: The author goes into detail to explain the chapels’ original design and the values it represents for those that built it. As you walk through the building, you cannot avoid that the chapel is of Anglican design, with many Christian accents, like pews, arched windows, and stained-glass murals. The college has succeeded in creating a multifaith centre by removing all Christian symbols; however, the Christian imagery is too prevalent to ignore. For the purpose of this thesis, this article become relevant as to the types of buildings to avoid in the inclusion of a multi-faith dynamic where the architecture of one must reflect all. In other words this article paints the picture of what not to do. Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “To avoid syncretism, these events were not intended to constitute corporate acts of worship, but talks accompanied by music.” (Moulin-Stożek & Gatty, 2018) Quote 2: “The material result was the stripping away of exclusive denominational markers to allow for a greater inclusivity brought about by simplicity” (Moulin-Stożek & Gatty, 2018) Quote 3: “The desire for greater interreligious encounter grew out of a sincerely held belief that a consideration of other religions could at least contribute to Christian spiritual life, and constitute part of the Christian mission of goodwill, even if the focal point of faith should always end up in Christ. This view of interreligious relations is perhaps naïve by contemporary” (Moulin-Stożek & Gatty, 2018)

Term Glossary

Multifaith: feeling an affinity with aspects of more than one religion, philosophy or worldview, that no one is superior to the others. Anglicanism: Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England Interfaith: dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious traditions and/or spiritual or humanistic beliefs, at both the individual and institutional levels.

Additional References Arweck, Elisabeth, and Stephen Bulli - vantand Louis Lee, eds. 2014. Secularity and Non-Religion. London: Routledge. Crompton, Andrew. 2013. “The Archi - tecture of Multifaith Spaces—God Leaves the Building.” The Journal of Architecture 18 (4): 474–496. Gilliat-Ray, Sophie. 2005a. “From ‘Chapel’ to ‘Prayer Room’: The Produc - tion, Use, and Politics of Sacred Space in Public Institutions.” Culture and Religion 6 (2): 287–308. Kilde, Jeanne H.. 2008. Sacred Power, Sacred Space. Oxford: OUP. Design & Key Reference Take Away • The essence of a multi-faith integration must not be see as just the mere exclusion of symbolism, but must be imbedded into the architecture.

Interreligious: dialogue refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different Christian denomination.

• The architectural design of the building envelope must flow a universal view rather than an individual architectural style of each individual faith.

Unbelief: lack of religious belief; an absence of faith.

• Christian architecture is based on a Roman basilica design, for the architecture to be multi-faith transcending, it must look back to its tabernacle design, which will encompass all Abrahamic faiths.

Nondenominational: open or acceptable to people of any Christian denomination.

• The House of Prayer, is a good attempt to bring inclusiveness, by associating the persona of the founder of the building. However, It fails to accommodate non Christian faiths, as a mere afterthought.

Undenominational: free from religious sects or denominationalism; not limited or belonging to any particular religious group or groups.

• Non Abrahamic faiths are not included in the design • In a positive note, the building does gives us a good starting point to how not to look at a multi-faith design.

Denominational: limited, conditioned, originating in, or influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, or interests of a religious sect, political party.

55 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ImageImage 9 9

Tittle: Authors: Publisher:

Open Faith John Ota Canadian Architect

Publishing Date:

September 1, 2007

APA Cite: Ota, J. (2007, September). Open Faith. Canadian Architect, 30-34. Article Abstract: This article from the Canadian Architect looks at the design of a multi-faith center for spiritual study and practice at the University of Toronto. The goal of this multi-faith center was to create a commonplace of worship, suitable for all faiths, and create an environment for ecumenical discussion to promote understanding of different faith.

Article Critique: The article acknowledges the challenges the architectural team of Jason Moriyama, Carol Phillips and Phil Silverstein faced in creating a multi-faith spiritual center. The challenge in developing the center was to find commonalities between the different faiths, and they found their inspiration in light and nature. The team cleverly used water in a living wall to help with meditation, was initially thought to apply to those of Buddhist faith; however, they found applicable to all faiths. Also, the team was able to use a movable wall patterned wall to reveal different faith. Designing a multi-faith center comes with many challenges, which can either be too complicated or too simplistic. What seems to be the simplicity of this center’s design is well thought out, by using both senses and imagination to help fill the missing religion building gaps for any faith. Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “The onyx panels have been organized into threes, fours, eights, twelves, sixty-fours. We found them to be sacred numbers in many faiths.” (Ota, 2007. Pg. 32) Quote 2: “Oriented to the east, the square room is intentionally designed in austere simplicity to encourage contemplation and thoughtfulness.” (Ota, 2007, Pg. 32) Quote 3: “We found that a common need of people of all religions was a place of quiet with a connection to nature.” Says Phillips. “We felt that a great wall of greenery could make that connection to nature and would be a good focus for a spiritual space.” (Ota, 2007. Pg 33) Quote 4: “Prior to prayer. Muslims perform ablution for cleansing of hands and feet which is a requirement of their religion. Sculptural precast concrete benches allow for seating, while taupe-coloured tile on the walls and ceiling envelops the room in repose.” (Ota, 2007. Pg. 34)

Term Glossary

Additional References

Multi-faith: feeling an affinity with aspects of more than one religion, philosophy or world-view, that no one is superior to the others.

McKnight, Jenna M., (2007). A school’s Multifaith Centre ahs semiprecious appeal. Architectural Record, 195(11), 194-195. University of Toronto Mississauga Innovation Centre expands. (2015). Canadian Architect, 60(1), 8–9

Calming: feeling an affinity with aspects of more than one religion, philosophy or world-view, that no one is superior to the others. Inclusive: encompassing the stated limit or extremes in consideration or account. Religious: Inclusive theology is rooted in a larger growing movement called interfaith which aims to create unity among various religions.

Design & Key Reference Take Away • The living wall gives a sense of nature which helps with a multi-faith centre. • The user of light also provides an excellent insight into a multi-faith prayer area • The use of water, although it was added mistake, it helped to add to the serenity of the building • The use of imagination is a great take away, for it helps those attending, fill-in the missing gaps from a traditional house of worship.

Divine: relating to a god, especially the Supreme Being, addressed, appropriated, or devoted to God or a god; religious; sacred. Transcendental: being beyond ordinary or common experience, thought, or belief; supernatural.

• The simplicity is another great take away, for it helps with the experience of the building

57 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ImageImage 9 9

Tittle:

Spiritual Diversity: Multifaith Perspectives in Family Therapy

Authors: Publisher:

Roma Walsh., PH.D Family Process

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

September 1, 2010

WALSH, F. (2010). Spiritual Diversity: Multifaith Perspectives in Family Therapy. Family Process, 49(3), 330–348. https://doiorg.libraryservices.yorkvilleu.ca/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01326.x

Article Abstract: This article addresses the growing diversity and complexity of spirituality in society and from within those societies; families. The article reviews the clinical and training practices of therapy through a broad and inclusive, multi-faith approach. With the increase of interfaith families and faith conversion in societies, the paper examines the challenges within this setting in families. The focus, however, in marriage, childrearing, and mourning. The author uses case examples and clinical guidelines to explore the influence of spiritual beliefs and practices in building the family relationship, distress and conflict resolution. It also utilizes a case example to draw the significance that spiritual beliefs are as a resource for healing, well-being and resilience within the family setting. Article Critique: This article is great source of information of the demographic view and use of spirituality in a family setting. Although it does not directly relate itself to mental health therapy, the faith based view of therapy and well-ness creates a platform for spirituality psychotherapy. For the purpose of this thesis that information gathered from this article will be useful in the evaluation of the potential user and in detail the faith based structure and consideration that must be obtained in the design of a multi-faith clinical setting and sanctuary.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “With the growing gap between personal faith and adherence to institutionalized religious systems, clinicians should not assume that clients follow all doctrines of their religion.” (Walsh, 2010. Pg. 336) Quote 2: “Americans increasingly mix elements of diverse faith traditions” (Walsh,2010. Pg.336) Quote 3: “Spiritual expression assumes varied forms and substance as people seek meaning and connection, especially as they forge multi-faith relationships in marriage and family life” (Walsh, 2010. Pg.336) Quote 4: “What matters most is a deep faith that is lived out in daily life and relationships. In families, parent–child relationships are strengthened by shared spiritual beliefs and practices in the home particularly when they are integrated into family life and parents practice what they preach” (Walsh, 2010. Pg. 341)

Term Glossary

Additional References Barrett, M.J. (2009). Healing from relational trauma: The quest for spirituality. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Spiritual resources in family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 267–285). New York: Guilford Press Doherty, W.J. (2009). Morality and spirituality in therapy. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Spiritual resources in family therapy (2nd ed., pp. 215–228). New York: Guilford Press.

Genogram: A graphic representation of the personalities and interplay of generations within a family, used to identify repetitive patterns of behavior; a psychological family tree.

Griffith, J., & Eliott Griffith, M. (2002). Encountering the sacred in psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.

Distress: Great pain, anxiety, or sorrow; acute physical or mental suffering; affliction; trouble. A state of extreme necessity or misfortune.

Design & Key Reference Take Away

Prayer: A devout petition to God or an object of worship.

• Clinical physicians have been trained to recognize client or family religion, race or ethnicity on an assessment genogram. However, it isn't easy to continue to place individuals under a single category, in today's diversity.

Adversity: A state or instance of serious or continued difficulty or misfortune

Eck, D. (2006). On common ground: World religions in America. New York: Columbia University Press.

• Spirituality in times of crisis and prolonged hardship influences an individual's approach to adversity, the experience of suffering, and the meaning of symptoms. • Many people identify the mixture of diverse faith traditions such as Christianity and Judaism, or with other new age traditions; such as meditation. • It is essential to note at a clinical level that some experiences like miracles and ghosts are not always pathological or delusions; instead, they have a meaning to explore in their cultural context. • Many patients who seek physical, emotional and interpersonal distress are problems that also include spiritual distress. In most cases, these underlining spiritual distress are not apparent until during therapy. In the case of spiritual distress, collaborative work with chaplains is required to address deeper spiritual matters. • In the case of the LGBT community, for most, they have not undermined the need for spirituality but instead focus on individual spirituality than institutional spirituality. • Religious and nonreligious people show that they value contemplative practices for spirituality. Such practices involve prayer, meditation, quiet reflection, reading sacred or inspirational texts, music, chanting, reciting prayer beads, rituals like lighting candles or incense. • People of many faith find a connection in 'prayer,' finding connections in conversations with God. Shared meditative experiences foster genuine and compassionate relationships and reduce defensive reactivity, deepening couple and family bonds. Rituals and ceremonies connect individuals to families and communities through all faith contexts, marking them as an essential event in a person's life in well-being in times of adversity. • Spiritual can be developed in a multi-faith setting through connection to nature, expression through creative arts, and service and social activism.

59 Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton Image 8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Tittle: Authors: Publisher:

A Multifaith Spiritually Based Intervention for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Trial Diana Koszycki, Kelley Raab, Fahad Aldosary & Jacques Bradwejn Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

2010

Koszycki, D., Raab, K., Aldosary, F., & Bradwejn. (2010). A multifaith spiritually based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 430-441. doi:10.1002/jclp.20663

Article Abstract: In this article from the academic journal of Clinical Psychology, a pilot trial study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaith ‘Spiritual Based Intervention’ (SBI) for ‘generalized anxiety disorder’ (GAD). Patients who exhibited at least moderate-severe levels of anxiety were divided into two groups. One group met with a spiritual care counsellor for 12 sessions, and the other group met with a psychologist who administered 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). The study found the SBI produced healthy reductions in psychic and somatic symptoms of GAD, and it was found to be comparable to CBT. The pilot study suggests that multifaith SBI may be an effective treatment option for GAD.

Article Critique: This study reinforces the thought that spiritual base intervention counselling (SBI) can be as effective as clinical cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), which enhances the need for a multifaith spiritual-based retreat center. The data that this study provides is sufficient evidence that SBI is a more holistic approach to counselling.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: The spiritual intervention used in this study was multifaith and focused on core spiritual teachings found in many religious traditions rather than on the teachings of a specific denomination or faith group. (Koszycki, Raab, Aldosary, & Bradwejn, 2010, p. 431) Quote 2: This study suggests that a multifaith spiritually focused intervention compares well to a first-line psychological intervention for GAD. (Koszycki, Raab, Aldosary, & Bradwejn, 2010, p. 438) Quote 3: Both treatments were also effective in decreasing self-report depressive symptoms and improving social adjustment. (Koszycki, Raab, Aldosary, & Bradwejn, 2010, p. 438) Quote 4: The results of this study also demonstrate that spiritual care professionals working in a mental health facility could play an important role in the delivery of care to individuals with GAD. (Koszycki, Raab, Aldosary, & Bradwejn, 2010, p. 439)

Term Glossary Spiritual Base Intervention (SBI): are approaches that involve religious or existential aspects such as finding meaning and purpose in life. Spiritual interventions may include activities such as spiritual counseling, meaning-focused meditation, or psychotherapy. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a number of different things. People with GAD may anticipate disaster and may be overly concerned about money, health, family, work, or other issues. Individuals with GAD find it difficult to control their worry. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): Cognitive behavioral therapy is a psycho-social intervention that aims to improve mental health. CBT focuses on challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors, improving emotional regulation, and the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems.

Additional References Azhar, M., Varma, S.L., & Dharap, A.S. (1994). Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 1–3. Baetz, M., Griffin, R., Bowen, R., Koenig, H.G., & Marcoux, E. (2004). The association between spiritual and religious involvement and depressive symptoms in a Canadian population. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 818–822. Farrell, J.L., & Goebert, D.A. (2008). Collaboration between psychiatrists and clergy in recognizing and treating serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 58, 437–440.

Design & Key Reference Take Away • This study gives a baseline that Spiritually Based Intervention is as effective as traditional clinical Cognitive-behavioural therapy. • This study gives reinforces that SBI is not specific to one faith, but a multifaith approach is applicable. • The study gives a baseline that 12 sessions are the recommended time for effective counselling. • The study gives a baseline to include a retreat center to the spiritual counselling.

Randomized trial: A study in which people are allocated at random (by chance alone) to receive one of several clinical interventions. One of these interventions is the standard of comparison or control. The control may be a standard practice, a placebo ("sugar pill"), or no intervention at all. Spiritual psychotherapy: is a collaborative approach based on the relationship between client and therapist. They work together on identifying emotional blocks, patterns, core issues, and beliefs that may keep you from living and feeling your best.

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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PROFESSOR COMMENTS:

Journal

No additional changes required at this time.

Transforming the Self and Healing the Body Through the Use of Testimonies in a Divine Retreat Center, Kerala

Do Wellness Tourists Get Well? An Observational Study of Multiple Dimensions of Health and Well-Being After a Week-Long Retreat

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Tittle: Authors: Publisher:

Transforming the Self and Healing the Body Through the Use of Testimonies in a Divine Retreat Center, Kerala Eva Jansen & Claudia Lang Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Publishing Date: APA Cite:

December 28,2011

Jansen, E., & Lang, C. (2012). Transforming the Self and Healing the Body Through the Use of Testimonies in a Divine Retreat Center, Kerala. Journal of Religion & Health, 51(2), 542â&#x20AC;&#x201C;551. https://doi-org.libraryservices.yorkvilleu.ca/10.1007/s10943-011-9564-7

Article Abstract: This article in the Journal of Religion & Health, the authors explain the healing process that takes place in the Divine Retreat Center (DRC) in Muringoor, Kerala, India. The authors argue that people come with psycho-somatic or spirit-somatic. Unlike other charismatic centers, they focus on the body, which is the locus on which the medical effects of the healing become visible. They argue that through the process of spiritual cleansing, sharing personal experiences and counselling, the persons experience a spiritual transformation by which the healing takes place.

Article Critique: The center, by all means, is a spiritual retreat centre, not to be confused with an evangelical nor Pentecostal church, as it is offered by the Catholic Church in Kerala. The center does offer week-long sessions, by which the counselling and spiritual healing take place. Due to a large attendance, the counselling and healing happen in a corporate setting, as compared to small or individual groups. The authors claim that the program does work, and people are transformed.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: The DRC is the largest retreat center of its kind in the world, and it is indeed the huge crowds congregating here that make a long-lasting impression (Lang & Jansen, 2012, p. 543) Quote 2: this one-week retreat, the scenario consists of inner/emotional healing and a short prayer of deliverance, representing psychological and spiritual techniques. (Lang & Jansen, 2012, p. 547) Quote 3: Physical healing is attained through a process of disengagement, liberation, reorientation and reintegration. In that process, the body is not addressed, instead the mind, the spirit and the emotions of a person are healed. (Lang & Jansen, 2012, p. 550)

Term Glossary

Additional References Csordas, T. J. (1994). The sacred self. A cultural phenomenology of Charismatic healing. Berkeley: University of California Press. Kakar, S. (1997). Culture and psyche. Selected essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Marsella, A. (1985). Culture, self, and mental disorder. In A. Marsella, G. DeVos, & F. L. K. Hsu (Eds.),Culture and self. Asian and western perspectives. New York, London: Tavistock.

Design & Key Reference Take Away â&#x20AC;˘ This article shows the relevance of a spiritual retreat for inner healing â&#x20AC;˘ The approach of this retreat center is meant for the Christian community. However, the concept would be transcending for a multifaith center. â&#x20AC;˘ Long retreats, reinforces the idea to have dormitories and places to eat in a spiritual retreat center.

Charismatic Movement: a movement within some Christian churches that emphasizes gifts believed to be conferred by the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues and healing of the sick. Religious healing: is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice. ... It can involve prayer, a visit to a religious shrine, or simply a strong belief in a supreme being. Spiritual healing: is the finding of connection to something greater than yourself; friendship, community, a sense of virtue or meaning, God, a sense of higher truth, beauty or sacredness in life. It is anything that helps you to transcend the isolation you feel because of a lack of meaning or purpose in life, or the lack of connection to a higher power greater than yourself. Testimonies: a public recounting of a religious conversion or experience. Transformation of the self: the act, process, or result of transforming oneself.

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Tittle:

Do Wellness Tourists Get Well? An Observational Study of Multiple Dimensions of Health and Well-Being After a Week-Long Retreat

Authors: Publisher:

Cohen, Marc M., Elliott, Fiona Oates, Liza Schembri, Adrian, Mantri & Nitin Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine

Publishing Date: February 207, Vol 23., Issue 2., Pg. 140-148 APA Cite:

Cohen, M. M., Elliott, F., Oates, L., Schembri, A., & Mantri, N. (2017). Do Wellness Tourists Get Well? An Observational Study of Multiple Dimensions of Health and Well-Being After a Week-Long Retreat. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 23(2), 140–148. https://doi-org.libraryservices.yorkvilleu.ca/10.1089/acm.2016.0268

Article Abstract: This article is an experimental research on persons who travelled to a week-long retreat centre in Australia. The study was done to assess the effect of the wellness-retreat experience. Multiple outcome measures were done, once arrived, at the time of departure and six weeks after retreat completion. The measurables included anthropometric measures, urinary pesticide metabolites, a food and health symptom questionnaire, the FiveFactor Wellness Inventory, the General Self Efficacy questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and the Cogstate cognitive function test battery. At the end of testing and data analysis, the article concludes that the retreat experiences can have substantial improvements in multiple dimensions of health and well-being, that continued for prolonged periods. Article Critique: This article included useful information about possible programming for the retreat centre. It was inclusive of the right amount of external research as the necessary foundation for the authors, Dr. Cohen’s research for the article. The foundation research was particularly useful in explaining the activities performed in a retreat setting with its’ equivalent health benefit. This article, in addition, will aid in support of the thesis topic and its potential health and clinical collaboration to the clinic portion of the thesis.

Usable Quotes: Quote 1: “These results suggest that retreat participants enjoyed benefits over and above the ‘‘vacation effect’’ from being away from routine domestic and work activities.” (Cohen, Elliott, Well, Oates, Schembri, Mantri, 2017. Pg. 141) Quote 2: “Enjoyment is associated with better psychological and physiological wellbeing,42 and the retreat experience was set in a beautiful natural environment and included educational, therapeutic and leisure activities that were specifically designed to be enjoyable.” (Cohen, Elliott, Well, Oates, Schembri, Mantri, 2017. Pg. 146) Quote 3: “The retreat also provided the opportunity for relaxation, reflection, and recovery by providing a break from participants’ usual routine. Limiting the use of electronic media and devices, as well as supporting natural circadian rhythms by having participants rise shortly after dawn and retire shortly after nightfall, probably contributed to the improvements in perceived stress and sleep immediately after the retreat, with improved sleep contributing to improvements in cognition.” (Cohen, Elliott, Well, Oates, Schembri, Mantri, 2017. Pg. 146)

Term Glossary

Additional References Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali LM, Knight TM, Pullin AS. A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health 2010;10:456 Chen KW, Berger CC, Manheimer E, et al. Meditative therapies for reducing anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Depression Anxiety 2012;29:545–562. Mills PJ, Wilson KL, Pung MA, et al The self-directed biological transformation initiative and well-being. J Altern Complement Med 2016;22:627–634.

Design & Key Reference Take Away

Wellness: the state of being in good health, especially as an actively pursued goal. Lifestyle: the interests, opinions, behaviours, and behavioral orientations of an individual, group, or culture. Cognitive function: the ability to process thoughts that should not deplete on a large scale in healthy individuals. The ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem solving.

• The efficacy of the retreat program is subject to the willingness and self-want to participate in retreat programs and activities. Tested subjects reported improvements in spirituality, gratitude, self-compassion, and anxiety. • Cross-sectional studies suggest that retreat experiences can lead to improved cognitive function with improved measures of task-based attention after an intensive week-long meditation retreat • Evidence suggests that natural environments for retreat, in enhanced physical, mental, social, and spiritual health. These effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms that include air quality, exercise, social cohesion, and stress reduction. • Further enhanced are by health retreat activities, such as yoga, meditation, mindfulness, t’ai chi, and massage. • Health improvements also resulted from increased physical activity and healthy eating, which often includes an emphasis on plant-based, organically produced food. • Retreat experiences also provide educational programs that encourage personal growth and support the adoption of healthy lifestyle practices, a variety of treatments and therapeutic modalities, and activities intended to reduce stress and enhance sleep duration and quality. • Mind–body practices resulted in sustained reductions in psychological distress and improvements in spiritual well-being and quality of life.

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Usable Quotes:

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Thesis Research Methods

Yorkville University

By: Yhojana Garreton