The Future of Wireless by Yifan Wu

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Heinrich Hertz Radio Television Cell phone

Origin and Present

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Disadvantages Frustrations Limitations

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Cables and Downfalls

TA BL E OF CON T E N T S

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Acknowledgements Specs Citations Image Credits

Colophon

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Data-Hungry Society Glimpse Into the Future The Future is Wired? Future Cheat Sheet*

Visions and Future

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Wi-Fi Network Near Field Communication Wireless Charging

Technology and Trends

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CABLES

DOWNFALLS

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The primary disadvantage of cable Internet lies in the coaxial end of the connection. Because you are essentially on a network loop with the other residences in your area, you share bandwidth with your neighbors. Most of the time this may not be a problem, but during hours of peak Internet usage, you might notice your network speed being more and more slow considerably. One of the other disadvantages of cable Internet is that it may not be offered in your area. This is mostly true in rural locations. Lack of choice is another disadvantage because only one cable company services a very particular area. Cable companies also usually charge a connection fee and might also charge an additional fee for modem.

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Frustrations

When the power goes out during a storm, we rely more on our cell phones and smart phones to stay in touch with emergency responders, neighbors and relatives. Unfortunately, without a backup charging system, portable phones and mobile devices can be useless just when we need them the most. A basic cell phone may last 4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;5 days on a charge if used conservatively. Smart phones and tablets are mini-computers and need daily charging.

If you live in an area of frequent power outages, keeping a simple prepaid cell phone for emergencies may be the simplest way to ensure cellular communication. And having a phone with removable batteries and a supply of extra batteries charged beforehand is more simple and more reliable.

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Ever come across a broken iPhone charging cable? You’re certainly not alone, but we have a few tips that will help you avoid a broken iPhone Lightning cable in the future. We’ve all experienced a broken charging cable. They get worn out after a while and the cable starts to tear open at the base of the connector.

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The cable might still work (sometimes not), but exposed internal wires are considered a safety hazard, and unless you want to wrap it up with electrical tape, you’ll simply have to throw it out and get a new cable.

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I’m sure that everyone has experienced a degree of frustration when it comes to inserting USB cables into devices, whether it’s trying to plug the charger cable into your phone in the dark or having to reach under a table to try to plug the USB cable into the back of the PC. Sometimes you can rotate the cable in any number of positions, with the same result of it being unable to fit into the socket.

If so, you’ll be glad to hear that the people responsible for the various USB connector standards have taken heed of your frustration, and their solution is the USB 3.1 standard (Type C) which is due to be finalised in July.

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As we all become more and more tethered to our electronic devices, wire management is a challenge almost everyone faces. It’s especially tough when trying to achieve timeless, uncluttered design. Who wants to see wires mucking up a beautiful composition?

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Computer cable clutter is one of technology’s biggest annoyances. While it’s easy to conceal your messy cable collection in a closed box, the cables that catch dust under your table are a completely different story. Try to vacuum those tangled beasts or remove a single cable from the mess.

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Limitations

The wireless router is usually connected to a modem or it has an integrated modem that connects your home network to your ISP. You should see the modem, router and wireless access point as three functions that are needed to create a wireless home network with the Internet access. But they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to be three eparate devices. They can be combined into one or two devices or be completely separate and individual devices.

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Equipment Portability

Space

Wired technology is not portable. The units must be plugged into power outlets and network ports in order to function. Moving units takes time, energy and, potentially, information-technology personnel. These hard-wired requirements can make arranging personnel, furniture and equipment difficult. Moves of equipment or employees may require running additional network cabling, installing new electrical outlets and reconfiguring network-port structures. Network configuration may limit the options for employee and the placement of the equipment.

Wired-technology products, such as desktop computers, take up more space than equivalent wireless options. Wires, cables and multiple components require more desktop space than their wireless counterparts. Office-furniture decisions and employee-space allocation must account for the added space needs of wired computer and different kinds of technology products.

Modem WI-FI

Laptop

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Internet

ORIGIN

PRESENT

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Heinrich Hertz Experiment

In the 1880s many were seeking experimental evidence to establish the equivalence of light and electromagnetic propagation. James Clerk Maxwell’s mathematical theory of 1873 had predicted that electromagnetic disturbances should propagate through space at the speed of light and should exhibit the wave-like characteristics of light propagation. In 1883 Hertz became a lecturer in theoretical physics at the University of Kiel and two years later he was appointed professor of physics at Karlsruhe Polytechnic. In 1887 Hertz designed a brilliant set of experiments tested Maxwell’s hypothesis. He used an oscillator made of polished brass knobs, each connected to an induction coil and separated by a tiny gap over which sparks could leap.

With this oscillator, Hertz solved two problems. First, timing Maxwell’s waves. He had demonstrated, in the concrete, what Maxwell had only theorized—that the velocity of radio waves was equal to the velocity of light. Second, Hertz found out how to make the electric and magnetic fields detach themselves from wires and go free as Maxwell’s waves.

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According to theory, if electromagnetic waves were spreading from the oscillator sparks, they would induce a current in the loop that would send sparks across the gap. This occurred when Hertz turned on the oscillator, producing the first transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves.

Plate

Hertz also noted that electrical conductors reflect the waves and that they can be focused by concave reflectors. He found that nonconductors allow most of the waves to pass through. Another of his discoveries was the photoelectric effect.

Metal Ball Rod Spark Gap

Plate

Wires to Spark Coil

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;

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One cannot escap ing that these mat formulas have an i existence and an i of their own.

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pe the feelthematical independent intelligence

”

—Heinrich Hertz

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Radio

So, how do radio waves carry information? The answer is modulation. In modulation a radio wave (also called the â&#x20AC;&#x153;carrier signalâ&#x20AC;?) is changed by the signal we want to send to the receiver, for example a song, or, in a wireless network, some data from a computer. This changing of the carrier signal is called modulation. The receiver of such a modulated signal must know the type of modulation that was used to change the carrier signal. With that knowledge the receiver will be able to demodulate the received signal. In other words, the receiver can obtain the information that was modulated onto the carrier signal.

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Television

Electronic television was first successfully demonstrated in San Francisco on Sept. 7, 1927. The system was designed by Philo Taylor Farnsworth, a 21-year-old inventor who had lived in a house without electricity until he was 14. While still in high school, Farnsworth had begun to conceive of a system that could capture moving images in a form that could be coded onto radio waves and then transformed back into a picture on a screen. Boris Rosing in Russia had conducted some crude experiments in transmitting images 16 years before Farnsworthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first success. Also, a mechanical television system, which scanned images using a rotating disk with holes arranged in a spiral pattern, had been demonstrated by John Logie Baird in England and Charles Francis Jenkins in the United States earlier in the 1920s.

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Cellphones

Mobile phones have become a crucial part of our daily life nowadays. Everyone—from teenagers to old men—has a personal cell phone of their own. But the mobile phones we see now didn’t look like this earlier, instead they were something totally different, something you wouldn’t even think of having around you or using. Improved technology has made a great change in the history of mobile phones, transforming the huge brick-like mobile phones of 1995 to sleek and stylish smart phones we carry with us now. Let’s take a ride back to the past and look at how cellphones developed from the bulky walkie-talkie look to today’s swipe-savvy descendants.

TECHNOLOGY

TRENDS

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Like mobile phones, a Wi-Fi network makes use of radio waves to transmit information across a network. The computer should include a wireless adapter that will translate data sent into a radio signal. This same signal will be transmitted, via an antenna, to a decoder known as the router.

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Once decoded, the data will be sent to the Internet through a wired Ethernet connection. As the wireless network will work as a two-way traffic, the data received from the Internet will also pass through the router to be coded into a radio signal that will be receipted by the computerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wireless adapter.

WHAT is Wi-Fi and how does it work?

Wi-Fi is increasingly becoming the preferred mode of Internet connection all over the world. To access this type of connection, one must have a wireless adapter on their computer. Wi-Fi provides wireless connectivity by emitting frequencies between 2.4GHz to 5GHz based on the amount of data on the network. Areas which are enabled with Wi-Fi connectivity are known as Hot Spots. One can use advanced softwares like Wirelessmon to detect and request connection to Hot Spots. To start a Wireless connection, it is important that the wireless router is plugged into the Internet connection and that all the required settings are properly installed.

Our world is bigger and more personalized than ever, with social media usage diversifying and expanding to include localized experiences based on proximity. Proximity has become a critical element of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mobile connected experiences, and the market for proximity-based applications is expected to grow significantly in 2015 and beyond. UNSEEN LINKS

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Wi-Fi AWARENESS

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The term Hotspot is used to define an area where Wi-Fi access is available. It can either be through a closed wireless network at home or in public places like restaurants or airports. As stated earlier, to be able to access Hotspots your computer should include a wireless adapter. If you are using an advanced laptop model, it will probably include a built-in wireless transmitter already. Otherwise you can purchase a wireless adapter that will plug into the PCI slot or USB port. Once installed, your system will automatically detect the Wi-Fi hotspots and request connection. If not, you should use a software to handle this task for you.

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It doesn’t happen very often, but there are times when you can’t access the Internet at home. Maybe it’s because service is out, or perhaps you moved to a new place and are waiting for the ISP to get around to installing the new service. In these instances, it’s always good to have a backup plan in mind so that you’ll still have Internet access, even when your main home connection is MIA. However, if you’re currently looking for a backup plan, we have several suggestions to keep in mind the next time you’re stuck without Internet at your main digs.

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Near Field Communication (NFC) is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typiReading NDEF data from an NFC tag is hancally requiring a distance of 4cm or less dled with the tag dispatch system, which to initiate a connection. NFC allows you analyzes discovered NFC tags, approprito share small payloads of data between ately categorizes the data, and starts an NFC tag and an Android-powered an application that is interested in the device, or between two different categorized data. An application that Android-powered devices. wants to handle the scanned NFC tag Tags can range in complexity. Simple tags can declare an intent filter and request offer just read and write semantics, to handle the data. sometimes with one-time-programmable The Android Beamâ&#x201E;˘ feature allows a device areas to make the card read-only. More to push an NDEF message onto another complex tags offer math operations, and device by physically tapping the devices have cryptographic hardware to authentogether. This interaction provides an ticate access to a sector. The most easier way to send data than other sophisticated tags contain operating wireless technologies like Bluetooth, environments, allowing complex interacbecause with NFC, no manual device distions with code executing on the tag. The covery or pairing is required. data stored in the tag can also be writ-

Near Field Communication

ten in a variety of formats.

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Apple Pay is Apple’s mobile payments service. As with the Apple Watch, Apple has adopted the Apple symbol followed by “Pay” for the service’s name, though the company also refers to it as “Apple Pay.” Available since October 20, 2014, Apple Pay is designed to allow iPhone 6 and 6 Plus users in the United States and the United Kingdom to make payments for goods and services with their iPhones in retail stores using an NFC chip built into the iPhone 6, the iPhone 6 Plus, and the new Apple Watch. With the Apple Watch, Apple Pay is now extended to the iPhone 5, iPhone 5c, and iPhone 5s. To use Apple Pay with one of these devices, a paired Apple Watch is required. This is possible because the Apple Watch has the necessary NFC chip.

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The first rule of an used in a business automation applie cient operation wi the efficiency.

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ny technology s is that d to an effiill magnify

”

—Bill Gates

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NFC TAG

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Android-powered devices are usually looking for NFC tags when the screen is unlocked, unless NFC is disabled in the deviceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Settings menu. When an Android-powered device discovers an NFC tag, the desired behavior is to have the most appropriate activity handle the intent without asking the user what application to use. Because devices scan NFC tags at a very short range, it is likely that making users manually select an activity would force them to move the device away from the tag and break the connection. You should develop your activity to only handle the NFC tags that your activity cares about to prevent the Activity Chooser from appearing.

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Wireless charging isn’t magic—you still need a wire. the difference is that the wire is connected to a charging base instead of your phone, so you can just drop your Android onto the charger and things get to work without hooking anything up to your phone.

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The charging base can be almost any shape or size, and can even be in something like your cardash or the base of a lamp from IKEA. As long as you’re able to get the right spot on the rear of your Android on the right spot on the base of the charger, it will work.

WIRELESS CHARGING A good example would be having a wireless charging base on your desk at work. When you’re not using your phone, you set it on the charger. When you need to use your phone, pick it up and it has a charge. Wireless charging isn’t as fast as Quick Charging, but it’s easy and something you’re more likely to use to keep your phone topped off throughout the day (in our example). That’s where wireless charging shines—ease of use.

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Step-by-step, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s what we might be moving toward, if the industry lobbying group The Wireless Power Consortium gets its way. The groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s long-in-development wireless charging technology, Qi, is now getting a considerable power boost, which means it will be able to charge more smartphones faster, as well as tablets, which were previously too power hungry for it. While this a big step forward for Qi, and may lead to wider adoption for the fledgling charging standard, there are other barriers still standing in the way on the road to a wireless power utopia.

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VISIONS

FUTURE

“

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You can’t connect forward; you can o looking backwards to trust that the d connect in your fu

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the dots looking only connect them s. So you have dots will somehow uture.

”

—Steve Jobs

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Consumers crave personal data so they can liberate themselves from information scarcity. Now, more than ever before, they have the tools to check, monitor and manage their personal data. And it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stop there. Not only can consumers request this info in real time, they can also broadcast their successes by sharing their personal data, wellness goals, and more.

CHAPTER 4

But what is all this movement of data for? Ostensibly, about half of it is for staying in touch with others, and watching and listening to media. The rise of Facebook, YouTube and Skype is supported by larger data allowances, faster speeds, and more reliable and affordable home and mobile connections. This goes handin-hand with increasing numbers of smartphones, tablets, and other Internet-connected televisions. More data to more devices all day and night pushes us to faster infrastructure that is active a greater proportion of the time. This in turn means more energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Figuring out exactly how much more demand and emissions is difficult as it involves many unknowns, from the originating data center right through to the computer or phone at the other end. But we do know the following: sharing photos or videos is more energy-intensive than sending a text message or making a phone call; that video streaming tends to require more energy than broadcast television; and that listening and watching on smart phones and tablets adds to, rather than wholly supplants, the hours that TVs are watched.

data hungry society 55

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FUTU UNSEEN LINKS

Wireless technology is gaining ground because of its low cost and ease-of-use. We all are familiar with radio and phones that use wireless technology. There are many more possible practical applications for wireless and the breakthrough developments happening in this field are set to revolutionize and lead the future.

TURE 11001001011001

Wireless Charging

Personal Entertainment

Wireless charging has seen user adoption progress at a snail’s pace, and since its 2008 debut only about 20 percent of mobile phone users are charging their phones wirelessly, according to an IHS survey of wireless charging knowledge. However, the same study found that twice as many people knew about wireless charging: 72 percent, up from 36 percent in 2014. And this isn’t despite the industry’s lack of trying; big brands like Ikea and McDonald’s have installed Qi transmitters in their stores, and mobile phone manufacturers like Samsung have embedded wireless charging into their latest models of mobile devices.

I’m watching a jellyfish pump past me lazily, its movement interrupting the twinkling of underwater particles, when a sea turtle suddenly swims my way and starts munching on the jellyfish’s tentacles. I know that I’m actually watching this scene unfold in 3-D on a prototype of an entertainment headset called the Glyph, which fits over my eyes like a giant, awkward pair of electronics-filled glasses and projects images directly onto my retinas, showing the equivalent to an 80-inch TV about eight feet away, but the image in front of my face feels real enough that I cry out, “Oh, no, don’t eat that! That’s not going to taste good!”

CHAPTER 4

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Bluetooth Bluetooth technology is becoming a part of our lives now. Apart from replacing your USB port, it has the potential of replacing all the wires in your equipment, except for the power cord! Imagine the convenience of staying in a house that does not have wires, where Bluetooth connects all the equipment. It would mean fewer hassles in cleaning the house coupled with freedom from the fear of tripping over the wires!

It wouldn’t be surprising if by the end of the next decade wireless technology would becomes commonplace. It sounds convenient and should also be lesser in cost. Given its potential, we all seem to have a much easier life, with a faster and safer access to the world!

11111001 01010101 11101100 00101010 00101000 11010111 01101011 00001110 10100010 01001100 10010100 00000111 10100011 00011101 11110110UNSEEN 00110011 LINKS 01001011 00101100 00111110 11001110 00110111 00110000 10001010 10110010 10010010 01010000 11111111 00101101 00111101 10001001 01011000 11010111 11111000 00100100 01000010 10100011 11101001 11010000 10001001 00101100 01101101 11001100 10111011 01001000 00111010 10111111 11100000 11001011 00101010 10111110 11110101 00110010 10100010 10010001 10101011 00110111 01000000 00000010 11111010 00101101 01101010 11110100 10010000 10101000 01000010 11010100 01001101 11000100 00111110 01110110 10110101 00001110 00010010 10110000 00101000 11000100 10001100 00100101 01110100 11000110 10100001 10101001 00011101 00100010 10100111 01010100 10010001 11010111 11010000 10111111 00110110 00100011 10110000 00111000 10111100 01001000 10110110 11001011 00110010 10001101 11111100 10010001 00010010 01010011 10101110 00000111 11001110 10101001 10110100 11101101 00000111 00000111 11110110 00110101 11100010 00001110 00110011 10100110 00101000 00000111 00010010 00111110 01111111 10001000 10010001 01001001 01110000 11101110 01110000 01111000 10000100 11111010 00000101 10001110 01111011 01111001 00011111 10101111 01101011 11100111 10001110 01110111 10111111 10110000 01110010 10010001 01111000 01111100 01110110 01001101 10011011 11100100 10111111 01101010 01100100 01010011 10100111 01111100 10101011 01100100 10100101 10111000 01111011 01000100 10100010 11000011 00111010 00001101 01110001 11000001 00111000 00001000 11000100 00101110 11110110 01101000 00110110 00001100 00110010 11101000 00010100 00010001 00010111 00011111 01011011 00111010 01101110 11011011 00001101 11001011 01001100 01111110 00011000 11011001 01010001 10100101 10011010 10000001 00001000 00100111 11111101 01000101 01111010 11000101 11011001 10001011 10010010 00010010 11111110 10111010 00101110 00101001 10010000 11000010 01100101 10010010 10111110 01011001 01010100 10100101 01011110 11010100 01000110 00011010 11111001 00000111 11110110 10000111 10011111 00000000 00000110 00001111 01100011 01001100 00011110 01101010 01100001 10110100 10000000 11000101 01100000 00110110 11001010 00110110 01000011 11011011 10101011 10111111 10000000 01011011 11110111 10111100 10111000 00110101 10110110 10110010 11001001 11100010 10100000 00110110 11010010 10001011 10101101 00101101 01111001 11100111 11000000 01111000 10110010 10011111 10101110 01111110 00000100 10111010 11101011 00100000 10100011 11011000 11101010 00100100 01000110 11110100 11001001 10101000 10001110 10010100 11101000 00000001 10100011 11000001 00101100 00101001 00011111 01111001 00001011 10101100 00010001 10101000 10010011 01100101 00101111 11111000 11001111 11111000 11000001 11000101 10001101 10100011 00101100 00000110 10010011 01011011 00001000 11000101 01110100 01111011 01011000 01110110 10000111 11000110 01101001 00110101 00010011 11110001 10011111 11110111 00100011 01000101 10011010 11100011 01001101 01001001 10101010 00111111 01100100 00100010 00011100 01100010 11100000 01101011 00011001 01010110 10001000 11110111 00010110 00110010 00100101 11100010 01110010 00011101 00000111 11000001 01000101 10100001 00101100 00111100 11001101 10100101 01000000 11011111 10110100 11110111 10010111 00011110 01001010 01110000 10010100 11000111 00011000 01010011 00100000 01111010 01011010 00110011 10000001 10010001 01101010 10011010 00011000 11110010 00101001 11111011 10110110 00010100 01010100 00111000 01011011 01000101 11100001 10100010 00101000 10010110 10001001 11001011 10001001 01100100 11100111 01000000 01000010 00100011 11110011 01001110 11011011 01010101 10001001 01110110 11011011 10000011 00011110 11000110 01100110 10111001 10000011 11110010 11110011 00110100 11000001 01111111 10011101 11100010 10001101 00001101 10101000 01011111 10001111 00100001 00000010 01110010 11111101 11010111 01111110 01011011 11101001 11100101 11010000 11010001 11001110 01010010 01010001 00000111 01010011 01100010 11011110 11101110 01100011 11101100 00010100 01110011 01111110 00100110 11101101 00011100 11110111 00110010 01010010 10001000 58

11111001 01010101 11101100 00101010 00101000 11010111 01101011 00001110 10100010 01001100 10010100 00000111 10100011 00011101 11110110 00110011 11001001011001 CHAPTER 4 01001011 00101100 00111110 11001110 00110111 00110000 10001010 10110010 10010010 01010000 11111111 00101101 00111101 10001001 01011000 11010111 11111000 00100100 01000010 10100011 11101001 11010000 10001001 00101100 01101101 11001100 10111011 01001000 00111010 10111111 11100000 11001011 00101010 10111110 11110101 00110010 10100010 10010001 10101011 00110111 01000000 00000010 11111010 00101101 01101010 11110100 10010000 10101000 01000010 11010100 01001101 11000100 00111110 01110110 10110101 00001110 00010010 10110000 00101000 11000100 10001100 00100101 01110100 11000110 10100001 10101001 00011101 00100010 10100111 01010100 10010001 11010111 11010000 10111111 00110110 00100011 10110000 00111000 10111100 01001000 10110110 11001011 00110010 10001101 11111100 10010001 00010010 01010011 10101110 00000111 11001110 10101001 10110100 11101101 00000111 00000111 11110110 00110101 11100010 00001110 00110011 10100110 00101000 00000111 00010010 00111110 01111111 10001000 10010001 01001001 01110000 11101110 01110000 01111000 10000100 11111010 00000101 10001110 01111011 01111001 00011111 10101111 01101011 11100111 10001110 01110111 10111111 10110000 01110010 10010001 01111000 01111100 01110110 01001101 10011011 11100100 10111111 01101010 01100100 01010011 10100111 01111100 10101011 01100100 10100101 10111000 01111011 01000100 10100010 11000011 00111010 00001101 01110001 11000001 00111000 00001000 11000100 00101110 11110110 01101000 00110110 00001100 00110010 11101000 00010100 00010001 00010111 00011111 01011011 00111010 01101110 11011011 00001101 11001011 01001100 01111110 00011000 11011001 01010001 10100101 10011010 10000001 00001000 00100111 11111101 01000101 01111010 11000101 11011001 10001011 10010010 00010010 11111110 10111010 00101110 00101001 10010000 11000010 01100101 10010010 10111110 01011001 01010100 10100101 01011110 11010100 01000110 00011010 11111001 00000111 11110110 10000111 10011111 00000000 00000110 00001111 01100011 01001100 00011110 01101010 01100001 10110100 10000000 11000101 01100000 00110110 11001010 00110110 01000011 11011011 10101011 10111111 10000000 01011011 11110111 10111100 10111000 00110101 10110110 10110010 11001001 11100010 10100000 00110110 11010010 10001011 10101101 00101101 01111001 11100111 11000000 01111000 10110010 10011111 10101110 01111110 00000100 10111010 11101011 00100000 10100011 11011000 11101010 00100100

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THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS IS WIRED.

There is little debate that the Federal Communications Commission and the open spectrum auctions recently mandated by Congress will provide much needed breathing room to help avoid the imminence of a â&#x20AC;&#x153;spectrum crunch.â&#x20AC;? But this on its own will only result in temporary relief, since wireless bandwidth is by definition finite. Regulatory actions alone cannot provide a complete a good long-term solution for deficit of our current wireless spectrum nowadays.

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Looking further down the road, even with better compression and faster digital switches, there remains a speed bump in the otherwise speed-of-light process.

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Interestingly, the winning investment play around the future of wireless may not be speculating on the ever-increasing value of an intrinsically finite resource. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s because scarcity of wide-area spectrum will cause a significant migration towards more local area networks such as femtocells (small, lower-power radio transmission stations) and wifi, and will eventually find a relay in the infinitely expandable, wired backhaulâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the link to a providerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s core network. Wired fiber infrastructure can still carry vastly more data than any other wireless system. So while it is generally commonly accepted that scarcity leads to value increase, and many have taken note that wireless spectrum value can often represent over 50% of the enterprise value of cellular carriers, as in the cases of Leap Wireless (NASDAQ: LEAP) and Clearwire (NASDAQ: CLWR), a migration to local networks may in fact put a cap on the value of wireless spectrum, foiling investment strategies based on the premise that spectrum scarcity will prop up the market cap of many current major cellular carriers.

CHAPTER 4

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This leads us to the following paradox: the true savior, and arguably only reliable investment play, will be backhaul technology service companies that will allow our wireless future to be wired, moving the paradigm from one of intrinsic scarcity (wireless bandwidth) to one of abundance (wired backhaul). Here, the universe of investable names includes companies providing transmission technology (copper, optical fiber, and microwave relay) as well as digital services at both ends of the wire such as sorting and distributing data packets. Looking further down the road, even with better compression and faster digital switches, there remains a speed bump in the otherwise speed-of-light process. Data flow slows dramatically at the connection nodes where signals are decoded into information packets, interpreted for rerouting, and then turned back into a new signal on a new line heading in a new direction. Companies such as Oclaro, which announced earlier this month technological advancements in the areas of fully optical switches, will radically reduce this potential logjam, since such technology allows data to continue to move at the speed of light, directly through the switch, never needing to be stored, interpreted, and retransmitted. Companies that own significant patent portfolios in this type of technology have great positioning for solving key longterm problems of massive global data flow in the wired future of wireless.

UNSEEN LINKS

Acknowledgments

I was supported, inspired and guided by my instructor, David Hake in this project. I am thankful to David as well as my classmates who provided suggestions and inspirations that greatly helped me with the design process. Also, I would like to thank Roger for taking additional notes for me. In this project, I pushed my limits and improved my abilities to think, research, design and execute. I considered this book as my first step to professionalism, so I will keep moving forward and improve my skillset as well as my abilities as a professional designer.

Specs

School

Binding

Typeface

Academy of Art University

Case Bind with Dust Jacket

Blender Pro

Class

Paper

Grid

GR 601 Type System

MOAB Entrada Rag Natural I90

6x5 Grid with 12pts gutters

Instructor

Printer

Software

David Hake

Epson Stylus Pro 3880

Designer

Cover

Adobe Indesign CC Adobe Photoshop CC Adobe Illustrator CC

Yifan Wu

Lineco Bookcloth Navy Blue

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Works Cited

Photo Credits

Al Sacco. “NFC Not Just for Mobile Payments: Six Future Uses”. cio.com. 14 Aug. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. Craig, L. “How to Keep iPhone Cables from Breaking.” gottabemobile.com. 6 Jun.2014. Web. 2 Feb. 2015. Craig, L. “INTERNET OUT AT HOME? HERE’S HOW TO GET WI-FI ACCESS ANYWHERE AT ANY TIME.” digitaltrends.com. 21 Aug. 2013. Web. 28 Nov. 2015. Contributing Writer. “Primary Disadvantage of Cable Internet”, opposingviews.com. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. Dave, G. “THE WIRELESS CHARGING FUTURE IS GETTING CLOSER TO REALITY.” popsci.com. 25 Jun. 2015. Web. 26 Nov. 2015. Jake, J. “Branding in a Data Hungry Society.” 88brandpartners.com. 24 Feb. Jerry, H. “Wireless charging, in plain English.” androidcentral.com. 20 Mar. 2015. Web. 26 Nov. 2015. Kevin, L. “Future Wireless Technology.” nebulabot.com. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. Laura, A. “The Disadvantages of Wired Technology.” smallbusiness.chron.com. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. Laetitia, C. “The Future of Wireless is Wired”, Forbes. 1 Apr. 2012. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.

COLOPHON

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Mike, H. “Society pushes to go faster, but data binges carry environmental costs”, theconversation.com. 26 Jan. 2015. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. Mitchell, S. “History of Television.” nyu.edu. Web. 26 Nov. 2015. Rahu, C. “Evolution of Mobile Phones: 1995–2012”, hongkiat.com. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. Stephen, S. “With new USB connector, no more wrong-way-up cables.”4 Dec.2015 CNET. Web. 6 Dec. 2015. 2015. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. Staff. “Apple Pay”, macrumors.com. Web. 20 Nov. 2015. Staff. “Apple Pay”, apple.com. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. Staff. “NFC Basics”, android.com. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. Staff. “Near Field Communication”, android. com. Web. 2 Dec. 2015. Staff. “What is Wi-Fi and how does it work?”, ccm.net. Nov 2015. Web. 2 Dec. 2015. Staff. “Wi-Fi Aware”, Wi-Fi Alliance. Web. 2 Dec. 2015. Staff. “How wireless works”, Connected Earth.com. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.

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Yifan Wu

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P54

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wordpress.com

arquicer.com

P16

P36

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P38

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