Building in the city, Building as city
To live, work and heal better. What constitutes a healthful, vibrant, mixed-use, and flexible urban-like building fabric?
Guiding Principles for the architecture design: Optimizing operational efficiency and effectiveness Improving health outcomes and safety Promoting users' satisfaction Accommodating change Strategies are examined for balancing complex technical and functional requirements with the need for healthful, sustainable and therapeutic patientcare or treatment settings.
CONTENTS
A FRONT DOOR TO CHARLESTON
01
URBAN & STITCH
10
GROWING CUBE
23
ESCAPE FROM GEOMETRY
31
EXTREME NATURE
39
OTHER WORKS
51
-- Healthcare design
-- urban design
-- youth residence design
-- explore the possibility of space
-- city exhibition hall design
1
[Healthcare design]
A FRONT DOOR TO CHARLESTON Location Project type Program Instructor Collaborator Contribution
Charleston, SC, USA Studio project Healthcare design David Allison Asma Sanaee, Lindsey Hoftsra concept 30%; design 60% analysis 20%; render 70% model 30%
Clemson University Team work. Nov. - Dec. 2015 MUSC hospital including ED, general medicine and , general surgery and imaging, radiology and nuclear medicine, rehabilitation medicine, psychiatry and substance abuse services, inpatient tower. We not only try to create a better heal, care, work places but also want to create a new front door for the Charleston,SC.
CHARLESTON MASTER PLAN & SITE LOCATION Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) locates in western part of Charleston. MUSC was one of the first medical schools in the United States to establish, in 1834, an infirmary specifically for teaching purposes. In the 1840s the college also entered into agreements for clinical training opportunities at the Poorhouse, the Marine Hospital, and the local "dispensary."
USER GROUP STUDY
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In the MUSC campus, the situation is complicated. There is four kinds of people who use the campus most. After the research about the users' need and persentage, it is easy for designer to design the MUSC hospital.
SITE ANALYSIS & BIG IDEAS
A light-filled and six-stor y, historically significant mural welcome visitors and form a front door to the Charleston.
MUSC campus is facing the flooding problem and the new project is located in a very important site.
The private and public roof garden and central spine provide enjoy rest places.
The inpatient tower faces to the Ashley River and the Charleston town.
The building is grade from public to private. And the volumn is gradation too.
04
Inpatient Department Plan
PROGRAM
ED Department + Public Plan D
Fourth-nineth floor: Inpatient Interstitial Third floor: Surgery + Clinic Second floor: Imaging First floor: ED + Public Ground floor: Parking
05
Site plan + Parking Floor Plan N
Designed by Asma Sanaee
Imaging Department Plan
Designed by Lindsey Hoftsra
PARKING GARAGE
Staff Entrance
VA HOSPITAL
Ambulance Entrance Main Entrance Service Entrance
ASHLEY RIVER TOWER
06
lITERATURE RESEARCH
DEPARTMENT DATA
ROOM ANNOTATE
07
SURGERY DEPARTMENT DESIGN
N
08
10
2
[urban design]
URBAN & STITCH Location Project type Program Instructor Collaborator Contribution
Xiamen,China Studio project 10.5 hm2 ; urban design Minfeng Yao Lu Tang concept 70%; design 70 %; analysis 90%; render 100%; model 50%
Huaqiao University Team work. April - July 2014 With all projects, I expect to find an original idea that can drive a design, an idea that can make one building more meaningful beyond itself if i employ different styles when moving from one site to the next. I’m not a signature architect because I don’t have a signature. Each project is unique. Each project has a relationship to the site, to the climate and to other forces.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT The stitch will never be boring. The construction of one building with landscape is a good way.
existing building building line
old new
existing building
existing building
old expected building new
expected building
The approach of stitch does not just duplicate the environment directly. Instead, trying best to set the program right so that people would appreciate the building we design. A simple road is not enough to solve the problems here. We try to make the void vivid. One of the approaches is to fully employ the w h o l e t h i n g s , ro a d , program and void.
PROBLEM : traffic congestion
STRATEGY : create hierarchy of traffic upper layer
ground layer
the flows of the people the flows of the traffic external profile of the building underground
Underground layer
When it comes to traffic condition, the mixed streams of people and vehicle make the traffic worse. To be more specific, People go across the road when the cars are coming. And the car go through the neighborhood.
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We categorizes roads according to their functions and capacities. But the hierarchy does not affect the flow of people. Thus, people move freely between the levels and go back and forth when they need to.
CONCEPT COLLAGE
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1. station of BRT 2. shopping mall 3. rest room 4. exhibition hall 5. reading hall 6. high-rise office/residence 7. theater 8. entrance of subway 9. waiting room for bus 10.protective historical building 11.drama stage 12.railroad park
15
First Floor Plan
N
16
VARIOUS TYPES OF STITCH I attempt to deal with the relationship between the old house and new bridge, old house and new building. The diverse forms lead to different behaviors of people. Although it seems too complex to be a stitch, it is still suitable for the city scale.
Ways of stitch
New building
New building
In bridge
Sections of stitch
Stitch types
Matrix
stitch shopping mall
PESPECTIVE SECTION
Intervene
Intersect
stitch exhibition hall
Append
stitch theater
People in bridge
Old environment
Under bridge
Different bridges
Rotate
Subtract
Fork
stitch scenery
stitch historic building
stitch both sides of road
Old building
Separate
stitch railroad park and subway
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ANTICIPATION
upper flows of people
LINE3 LINE2 LINE1
ground traffic
N
Roof Plan
After urban stitches are built, the traffic can be divided into three parts, the underground subway, ground traffic and upper pedestrian bridge. The snarling traffic problem are solved.
underground subway
THREE LINES OF STITCH
Hey, we can shop here. then go downstairs. There is also lots of wonderful clothes.
THE FIRST LINE
THE SECOND LINE
That's what I thought.
Yep, see you. baby.
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It is just so nice that here is a traditional stage. We don't have to go far away to see the opera.
When came out of the subway, i need to take a deep breath.
Baby, get off and wait the bus here. It is much better have a waiting room here.
THE THIRD LINE
Hurry up , honey, go downstairs. Or we will miss the subway.
God, it is so convenience. Look, there is also a theater over there. Maybe I need to ask children come here to have a walk together.
THE IMAGE OF THE SECOND LINE
It cool to sit here and wait for my friend. Without the traffic and noise, enjoying these beautiful scenery is so relaxing.
It is a wonderful place for me to walk the dog.
When came out of the subway, i need to take a deep breath.
It is much safer to have this bridge here. I never need to worry about the terrible traffic below the bridge. Traffic here change a lot.
20
This split of which I am speaking, which it is tempting to bring about, because it avoids division. -- Jacques Lacan
22
3
[youth residence]
GROWING CUBE Location Project type Program Instructor
Xinyi District,Taipei Studio Project 2168.4m2 ; Housing Jiuru Zhong
Individual Project. March - April 2013 Chung Yuan Christian University
My goal is a group structure that allows people with diverse imaginations, that often in conflict with one another, to work in a condition of flux, but that also permits the making of decisions that are as calculated and objectively weighed as necessary for the creation of something as concrete as architecture. So the structure is required to keep growing.
OPTION CHOICE How can the building evolve? How to made the diverse prototypes suit for the building? Many questions are under the consideration. The best way to deal with these questions is to use the model to test the possibility.
OPTION 1 Stack the modules in the simplest way. It is good for the structure and assembling. But the advantage is that it lacks in public space for the people.
OPTION 2 Stack the small units into a bigger module and keep repeating. It seems reasonable, but the movements still have not yet resolved the problems in the public space.
OPTION 3 Stack the modules and pull out the bars to create the public space. But the structure would be a big problem.
OPTION 4 Pull the bars and change the position of bars. The aim of the movements is to make each prototype has its own space which can be use for verdurization or rendezvous. At the first phase, the number of the bar remains unchanged. The model's width and height are altered as well as its shadow. For the sake of the gravitational forces and stability of the model, the number of the bars in the higher layer would less than the lower one. Taking the into account the fact that the void is an important leisure part for people into account.
25
MODULAR PROTOTYPE STEP1 Find the basic need of the young people in Taipei. The young live in Taipei are facing lots of financial pressure. It is necessary to use limited space to meet the life of the young. STEP2 Group together these modular prototypes. A single unit composites of three rooms, each of which measures interior 3200mm (length) x 3200mm (width) x 3200mm (height). Stochastic web
vacant follow working
Couple Home
window follow bedroom
New Couple Home
grille follow sitting room
Working Home
Bachelor Home
Temporary Home
STEP3 Assemble the modular prototype. The "modules" could be built in a factory delivered by trucks and bolted together onsite. The youth residence can have different phases to fit the need of the growing number of people. In different phases, the appearance of the youth residence is changing.
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TECHNICAL DRAWINGS IN DIFFERENT PHASES
Tenth Floor in phase 3
Eleventh Floor in phase 3
Twelfth Floor in phase 3
Thirteenth Floor in phase 3
Sixth Floor in phase 3
Seventh Floor in phase 3
Eighth Floor in phase 3
Ninth Floor in phase 3
Eighth Floor in phase 2
Ninth Floor in phase 2
Tenth Floor in phase 2
Seventh Floor in phase 2
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Fourth Floor in phase 1
Fifth Floor in phase 1
Sixth Floor in phase 1
First Floor in phase 1
Second Floor in phase 1
Third Floor in phase 1
Section A-A in phase 1
Section A-A in phase 2
Section A-A in phase 3
FORM IN DIFFERENT PHASES
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30
4
ESCAPE Location Project type Collaborator Contribution
FROM
GEOMETRY
Shanghai Academic project Xiao Zhang concept 50%; design 60%; analysis 70%; render 80%; model 30%
Team work. January 2014 Aim to explore more possibility of space Architecture is not only a nonlinear contingency, or a chain of diversities and full of changes, but also contains a natural system of an automatic growth process. So, in a way of architecture exploration, lots of infinite possibilities exit, which means that indulging in the stack of pure geometrical bodies and basing on the functional level is completely not enough.
SPATIAL COMPARISON Traditional space People go into the space and make use of it. The history of architecture is a series of process to explore more possibilities of space. However, in most places of China, because of t h e fa st d e s i g n c i rc l e , space tends to be like similar-cubes all over the country. We would like to find new methods for design, considering users' influence on space rather than only the commercial process of buildings.
Basic status
Section
Plan
Derived status
Space overlay
The right diagrams show that the traditional spaces are simplely stacked but never consider different people and environment.
Large-scale overlay
CONCEPT EXPLANATION We analyze the traditional spaces, and find out that traditional space always influence and direct people's life. We try to find a new design style, making people get more possibilities to explore and feel the space.
These diagrams show that the simulation in 2-dimension, about the movement trajectory of people who are moving in non-organized, open space. We try to find out what is the movement track of a single person and how different people affect others on the same level.
Single person's influence field
Two people approaching field
More people are gathering
New influence field forms
Next, We extend to analyze on different levels. Some data need to be considered, such as distance, weight, height, etc. Hence, people have rights to feel the space, to escape from the box. Non-geometry space is necessary. To find out the possibility of that kind of space, we need to do more tests.
33
Black lines mean the final influence of the site Diagrams show users' influence on each other on the same level
New space to explore People take the space and influence space back.
Basic status
Section
Plan
D i f fe r e n t p e o p l e t a ke their own space. when these people meet each other, these spaces will intertwine with others leading to a new space. And it can be repeat again and again. The diagrams show some of the space imagination which influenced by the users. But if we want to sees more practical and conceivable possibilities, more analysis are required.
Derived status
Overlay on the same level
Overlay on different levels
Two levels' interact; 3 people
Two levels' interact; 4 people
Two levels' interact; 5 people
Three levels' interact; 13 people
Three levels' interact; 14 people
Three levels' interact; 15 people
Different colors represent different levels: the darker, the higher Diagrams show users' influence on each other on different levels
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DIGITAL ANALYSIS This part uses digital models to analyze the field required by people in 3-dimension. The physical parameters simulate the potential scalar fields. The space created by the computer is diverse and non-geometrical. The results show us the intense demands and feasibilities of escaping from the box.
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Volume
V=0.5 cm3
Stiffness
S= 2 N/mm2
Weight
W= 6N
Surface Distance
Basic state V=1.4 cm3
V=3.0 cm3
V=5.6 cm3
S= 15 N/cm2
S= 20 N/cm2
Basic state W= 10N
W= 16N
W= 24N
D=15 mm
Basic state D=10 mm
D=7 mm
D=4 mm
Number
N=1
Basic state N=2
N=3
Ball Distance
D=27mm
D=22mm
D=17mm
Basic state S= 10 N/cm2
D=12mm
PHYSICAL TEST This part uses the physical model to test what we did on the computer. The space created by the elastic fabric changes with the physical parameters. We are thrilled with the space which seems to be a full of expectation. An architectural adventure is waiting for us.
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ESCAPE FROM THE GEOMETRY In the test, we see the possibilities of escaping from the box. We decide to design a kind of space that may be suitable for some people, or certain programs. The structure of the building is not cut layers of floor, but the cohesion into a streamline space and space experience. People's activities become the basic parameters of the design, affecting the space. We hope it can be open public space for a city with the programs a city ought to own.
TOPOLOGY LIBRARY
SAMPLE
38
5
[city exhibition]
EXTREME NATURE Location Project type Program Instructor
Zhangzhou, China Studio Project 22633 m2 ; City exhibition hall Shaoming Xie
Individual Project. Huaqiao University
April- June 2015
The City Exhibition Hall occupies a lot of land, and the program is simple. This building is a representation of the conflict between the public and the government programmatically, spatially, and land ownership wise. The City Exhibition Hall reflects the public's need for community space, while still catering to the needs of the governmen, which is needed in the community. The design of the City Exhibition Hall promotes public use on the main floor, with private use on the upper levels and hopes to connect the public with the government to realign relationships between the two. In an idealistic world, the government and public will use the space in conjunction, instead of separation like the current situation in Zhangshou, China.
lITERATURE RESEARCH This the manuscript painting of Le Corbusier: 1. Villa La Roche 2. Villa Jeanneret 3. Secretariat Building 4. Villa Savoye Le corbusier believes that residence is in progress that is. 1<2<3<4. As can be seen, over time, Le corbusier reinforced his Domino system. Because of advances in technology, Le corbusier separated the walls and pillars, elevation, liberalization, and elevated the bottom. In my project design, you can see that the building is elevated, creating an open and airy environment for people to enjoy. It is as if the building is floating in the space. In exhibition hall, bottom elevated, pillars and walls free distribution are all can learn. 1. Park Cafe in koga Architects try to create a natural space, rather than place an object directly into nature. 2.Naoshima Ferry Terminal The Building is percieved as being very light. People will have an impression on the horizontal plane, which can accommodate a large number of activities. Outside stairs Le Corbusier
Exhibition
41
Free column
Bottom elevated
Inspiration of Le Corbusier Le Corbusier separates the walls and pillars, making the elevation and plan free, and the bottom elevated. All of these ideas can be used in the exhibition hall. When it modified a little, It is easier to design with less columns or lighter columns because of modern techonology.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY
RESTRICT EXHIBITION HALL
BEACH
SOLID FACADE ENTRANCE
RESIDENT
BEACH
TRANSPARENCE
POSSIBILITY BEACH
PARK
EXHIBITION HALL PUBLIC SPACE
RESIDENT ENTRANCE
RESIDENT
BEACH
RESIDENT
BUILDING FORM
SITE
PROGRAM SIZE
FACEING THE SUN
ATTRACTING
FACADE
VIEWS TO NATURE
REFLECTING THE LANDSCAPE
REFLECTING THE SKY
SKYLIGHT
INDOOR GREEN SPACE
RIVER
LANDSCAPE
SITE
GREEN SPACE
42
1
SITE PLAN & ELEVATION
1. Ocean 2. Beach 3. Rest Platform 4. Park 5. Parking Lot 6. River 7. Hotel 8. Residencial Area
2 3
4
5
6 8 7
Service/Parking Entrance
Hotel
43
Residence
Main Entra
3
4 4
8
7
Staff Entrance
ance
Residence/Office Hotel
Residence
44
LOGIC OF INTERIAL SPACE The logic of the interial space is based off of the number of necessary structural elements and the flow of people. Using parametric methods, there will be an infinate number of arrangements. Once certain aspects of the design are placed into the calculation method, the highest quality plan can be achieved. STEP1 Use grasshopper to roughly calculate the number of columns needed. Logic of Grasshopper
STEP2 Use Vorono to make space for the flow of people and the programing space. STEP3 According to the basic principle of interial space design, the plan needed can be chosen
Random Arrangement
Outcome
Structure-oriented
Flow-oriented
There are four core-tube to be the pressure component. Three slabs bear the weight and load balance, with the tensile stress and core-tube support and columns. There are 137 columns: 50 pieces are pressure components, 87 are provided with tension.
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DETAILS This diagram is based off of a practiced structured system. Every detail helps the design to look more transparent and light.
Detail plan of beam
Section 1-1
Plan of beams
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
Skylight detail
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B Windows detail
46
FLOOR PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Main entrance
Lobby
Parking
Children's entertainment Retail
View platform
View platform
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
Exhibition area 2
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
Information desk
Exhibition area 1
Theater
Restaurant
Restaurant
Theater area
Restaurant
City model
Exhibition area 3 Coffee
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Rest area
Coffee
Restaurant
INTERIAL DESIGN
CHILDREN'S ENTERTAINMENT AREA
SECOND FLOOR
EXHIBITION AREA 2
48
50
6
OTHER WORKS
Set up in 2012 Xiamen, China Team work Collaborator:
Yuting Luo; Nan Wu; Siguo Liu
Contribution:
concept 40%; design 25%; model 25%
The requirement is to use less than eight pieces of corrugated cardboard (2.2m*2.5m*6.5mm) to create space for groups of people within 24 hours and stay there all night. We made lots of small-scalemodels and examined the force on bottom board. The hole of this structure could help us meet the first sunlight in the early morning.
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Painted in 2011 Anhui, China
Painted in 2013 Zhaji, China
Painted in 2013 Zhaji, China
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