How can Design Improve the Quality of Life for an Aging Population in Central South China? YICHEN ZHU | MODUS OPERANDI STUDIO | DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | SCHOOL OF DESIGN | UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
Primarily, this research aims to create viable new forms of public open space in fast developing urban residential area in central south China, with an emphasis on the quality of life for an aging population.
AGING IN PLACE
AGING POPULATION IN CHINA Population is rapidly aging in China. In 2000, people 60 and older accounted for 10% of the population. The ratio rose to 13.3% in 2010 and is expected to reach 30% in 2050 (United Nations, 2002).
84% Supported by Parents First Time Buyer: 27 yr Marriage: 25 yr
LIVING PREFERENCE FOR AGING PEOPLE "95.8% of the surveyed seniors choose to aging at home with their family members; only 2.3% of the surveyed seniors will live in assisted institution while 1.9% prefer senior apartment." ---- Shanghai New Century (2001-2010) Urban Senior Living Preference and Housing Need Survay
IDEAL LIFESTYLE: FOUR GENERATIONS UNDER ONE ROOF
Source: Portait of ancestors, late 19th century, Shanxi, 230 cm*100 cm, Frederic edelmann, Dominique Delaunay, private collection
$48,294
United States
GDP per Capita
In 2010 the U.S. population aged over 60 accountee for 13%
$4,423
China In 2010 China's population aged over 60 accountee for 10.1%
CHALLENGES: Old before getting rich Source: IMF Estimates between 2000 to 2010, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Prospects; 2010 Revision, June 2013.
CHALLENGES: "Inverted pyramid " pension dilemma
Source: China Daily
AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY
HOUSING
COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND HEALTH SERVICES
COMMUNICATION & ACTIVITIES
+ Adaptive Apartment Unit + Assisted Living + Accessibility
+ Offer of Services + Service Accessibility
+ Accessible Opportunities + Affordable Activities + Awareness of Activities and Events
AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION
Historic Town Center
Site Location
XIANGTAN CITY,HUNAN PROVINCE
City Core in 21st Century
Site Location
XIANGTAN CITY,HUNAN PROVINCE
Park
Administrative Center
Plaza Plaza
Industrial
College Residential
Residential
Residential
Bus Station
Shopping Center
Industrial
Area: 72.25 ha, Population: 43,783 Families: 12 511 Density: 605/ ha
New York, USA
Barcelona, Spain
Site
Urban Density: 106/ha
Urban Density: 163/ha
Density: 605/ha
Residential Community
Housing Provided by DAN WEI
Commercial Housing
Relocated Village
Higher Income Best Facilities: Green Space, Parking, Kindergarten, Fitness Aging People
Higher Income Good Facilities: Kindergarten, Fitness Shortage of Parking Aging People + Young Generation
Lower Income Basic Facilities Aging People + Migrate Workers
AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY What we need to improve the quality of city life?s? What's happened in the site??? Good or Bad? How design could improve the quality of city lifes?
AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY SITE DEVELOPMENT POCESS
Site Development_2003
Farm Land
Village WALL NEW COMMUNITY
(Housing provided by Work Unit)
PARING LOT MARKET
Site Development_2006
COMMERCIAL HOUSING (Western Model: centralize POS/ facilities)
RELOCATED VILLAGE WALL NEW COMMUNITY
(Housing provided by Work Unit)
PARING LOT MARKET
Site Development_2009
COMMERCIAL HOUSING (Western Model: centralize POS/ facilities)
RELOCATED VILLAGE
NEW COMMUNITY
(Housing provided by Work Unit)
PARING LOT MARKET
HIGH RISE APARTMENT (With Underground Parking)
COMMERCIAL HOUSING
Site Development_Current
RELOCATED VILLAGE
NEW COMMUNITY
(Housing provided by Work Unit)
PARING LOT MARKET
HIGH RISE APARTMENT (With Underground Parking) Mixed Use
Residential
Public Facilities
Green Space
Three FACTS Wall = Safe Changing Code Planed as Western Model: POS/Public Facility
AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY CONSTRAINTS
GATED COMMUNITY
LIMITED PARKING SPACE
INEFFECTIVE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
LACK OF FACILITIES
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities
GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities
The Gate
GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities
The Retail
GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities
The Wall
GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities
The Fence
GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Extend the walking distance, make daily life difficult for senior citizens.
Bus Stop
Market
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking
2
2.5*5.5 M 0.8/family
68 750 M / 7 2 = 9821 M
5000 PARKING
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking Ineffective Public Space
Inadequate Parking
Ineffective Public Space
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking Ineffective Public Space Lack of Facilities
16.6%
13.26%
70.14%
16.6%
30%
53.4%
60+ yr 14-59 yr 14- yr
2010 Demographics of China
Expected 2030 Demographics of the site
Families: 12 500 Total Population: 43, 780
13,134 senior citizens 7,268 under 14 years
Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking Ineffective Public Space Lack of Facilities
General requirement Kindgarten Playground Sports Center Urban Furniture Public Restroom Hospice Care Community Service
Children under 14 yr
Senior citizens 60+ yr
Three FACTS
CONSTRAINTS
Wall = Safe
Gated Community
Changing Code
Limited Parking Space
Planed as Western Model:
Ineffective Public Space
POS/Public Facility
Lack of Facility
AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES
Opportunities_convert Programs Buildings in poor condition or has future retrofit plan, which could be resued or removed Public Facilities: Kingdergarten, Gymnasium, Hotel, Hospital Community Parks
Kindergarten
Kindergarten
Gymnasium
Hotel
Hospital
Opportunities_create POS Network
Public Space for All Citizens Public Space for specific Groups +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++
Public Space for Neighborhood Streetscape
Opportunities_create POS Network
Public Space for All Citizens Public Space for specific Groups +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++
Public Space for Neighborhood Streetscape
Opportunities_create POS Network
? Public Space for All Citizens Public Space for specific Groups +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++
Public Space for Neighborhood Streetscape
AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY DESIGN APPROACH
Design Approach_Circuit
Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK
Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK
Empty street
Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK
Illegal Parking
Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK RETROFIT 02
RETROFIT 01
EXISTING Retail Sidewalk Circuit
Parking Wall
Design Approach_Circuit 02. ===break WALL
"Break Wall" ?
Offset Wall Opening Community Entrance Wall + Fence
Design Approach_Circuit 02. ===break WALL
Offset Wall Opening
Offset Wall Opening Community Entrance Wall + Fence
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR
Intersected Existing Buildings Intersected New Buildings
Storage/Vacant
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR
N
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_01 Transfer storage/vacant place into open parking space; Create intimate social space; Strengthen the N-S connection
N
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_01
1 3
2
4 1 Rope Skipping
5
2 Tai chi/ Reading 3 Mahjong/ Watch TV 4 Chess 5 Chatting 6 Breakfast/Tea 7 Playground
6 N
7
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_02
RETAIL
Game Room
DINING
Game Room
Transfer storage/vacant place into parking garage in the north face; Provide social space at south face; Create intimate social space; Strengthen the N-S connection
Mahjone Billiard
TEA HOUSE
N
READING BOOKSTORE
1
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_02
RETAIL
Game Room
2
3 DINING
Game Room
4
1 Rope Skipping 2 Breakfast/Tea 3 Kitchen/Dining 5 Tea House N
Mahjone Billiard
TEA HOUSE
4 Chess/Chatting
5
READING BOOKSTORE
RETAIL
Game Room
DANCE
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_03
N
Mahjone Billiard
TEA HOUSE
Transfer storage/vacant place into parking garage in the north face; Provide social space (both indoor and out door activities) at south face; Create intimate social space; Convert double lane into single lane; Decrease on-street parking space; Strengthen the N-S connection
DINING
ping pong
READING BOOKSTORE
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_03
Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_03
Design Approach_Circuit 04. ===active POS
8:00- 10:00 A.M 7:00 - 9:00 P.M MORE THAN 20 PEOPLE
Gathering Space
Design Approach_Circuit 04. ===active POS
DAILY CONTACT MOST OF DAY TIME
Social Space GOOD PLACES TO SIT, WALK, STAND AND STAY
Intimate Space
Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions
Health / Fitness Center
Market/ Public Service
Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions Services Parking Garage Community Care
Health Center Hospital Assisted Living Kingdergarten Retail
Retail
Apartment Assisted Living Retail
Gymnasium
Health / Fitness Center
Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions
Health / Fitness Center
Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions
Market Apartment Market Parking Garage Parking Retail
Retail Public Service
Market/Public Service
Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions
Market/Public Service
Design Approach_New Development 06 ===Apartment
-7500 m
2
Living
Redevelopment
+ 14,400 m
2
Assisted Living 2
+ 29,400m
Young Professonals
New Apartment Redevelopment
New Development
Design Approach_New Development 07 ===Roofscape 2
+266,146 m 50% roof area
Green Space Area
2
3.8m /person 2
+6m /person current ground floor area: 76% of total site area current green space ratio: less than 24%
Green Space Area
Design Approach_New Development 07 ===Roofscape
Design Approach_Retrofit Existing Residential 07 ===Roofscape
Add Lift to Improve Accessibility Roofscape for Production Active Ground Floor
Design Approach_Final Project
Create the Inner Circuit 01 Extend the Sidewalk 02 Offset Wall Opening 03 Convert Ground Floor 04 Active Public Open Space Invest New Development 05 Add Institutions 06 Build New Apartment Retrofit Existing Residential 07 Provide Roofscape
Design Approach_Final Project
2
2
2
+36,300 m
+17,600 m
425 Unit (90m2 per unit)
+6m /person
1300 more parking space
50% roof area
Parking Garage
Green Space Area
Apartment area
"Actived Ground Floor" is not accounted here. Max: 410 units reduced
Design Approach_Final Project Tai Chi
HOME
Body Check
Kindergarten
City Park Fitness dancing
Mahjong
Market
65 yr couple living with children and grandchild
Aging in Place
Three FACTS
CONSTRAINTS
DESIGN APPROACH
Wall = Safe
Gated Community
Creat the Inner Circuit
Changing Code
Limited Parking Space
Invest New Facilities
Planed as Western Model:
Ineffective Public Space
Retrofit Existing Residential
POS/Public Facility
Lack of Facility
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