Aging in China

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How can Design Improve the Quality of Life for an Aging Population in Central South China? YICHEN ZHU | MODUS OPERANDI STUDIO | DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | SCHOOL OF DESIGN | UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA


Primarily, this research aims to create viable new forms of public open space in fast developing urban residential area in central south China, with an emphasis on the quality of life for an aging population.


AGING IN PLACE


AGING POPULATION IN CHINA Population is rapidly aging in China. In 2000, people 60 and older accounted for 10% of the population. The ratio rose to 13.3% in 2010 and is expected to reach 30% in 2050 (United Nations, 2002).


84% Supported by Parents First Time Buyer: 27 yr Marriage: 25 yr

LIVING PREFERENCE FOR AGING PEOPLE "95.8% of the surveyed seniors choose to aging at home with their family members; only 2.3% of the surveyed seniors will live in assisted institution while 1.9% prefer senior apartment." ---- Shanghai New Century (2001-2010) Urban Senior Living Preference and Housing Need Survay


IDEAL LIFESTYLE: FOUR GENERATIONS UNDER ONE ROOF

Source: Portait of ancestors, late 19th century, Shanxi, 230 cm*100 cm, Frederic edelmann, Dominique Delaunay, private collection


$48,294

United States

GDP per Capita

In 2010 the U.S. population aged over 60 accountee for 13%

$4,423

China In 2010 China's population aged over 60 accountee for 10.1%

CHALLENGES: Old before getting rich Source: IMF Estimates between 2000 to 2010, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Prospects; 2010 Revision, June 2013.


CHALLENGES: "Inverted pyramid " pension dilemma

Source: China Daily


AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY

HOUSING

COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND HEALTH SERVICES

COMMUNICATION & ACTIVITIES

+ Adaptive Apartment Unit + Assisted Living + Accessibility

+ Offer of Services + Service Accessibility

+ Accessible Opportunities + Affordable Activities + Awareness of Activities and Events


AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION


Historic Town Center

Site Location

XIANGTAN CITY,HUNAN PROVINCE


City Core in 21st Century

Site Location

XIANGTAN CITY,HUNAN PROVINCE


Park

Administrative Center

Plaza Plaza


Industrial

College Residential

Residential

Residential

Bus Station

Shopping Center

Industrial


Area: 72.25 ha, Population: 43,783 Families: 12 511 Density: 605/ ha


New York, USA

Barcelona, Spain

Site

Urban Density: 106/ha

Urban Density: 163/ha

Density: 605/ha


Residential Community

Housing Provided by DAN WEI

Commercial Housing

Relocated Village

Higher Income Best Facilities: Green Space, Parking, Kindergarten, Fitness Aging People

Higher Income Good Facilities: Kindergarten, Fitness Shortage of Parking Aging People + Young Generation

Lower Income Basic Facilities Aging People + Migrate Workers


AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY What we need to improve the quality of city life?s? What's happened in the site??? Good or Bad? How design could improve the quality of city lifes?


AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY SITE DEVELOPMENT POCESS


Site Development_2003

Farm Land

Village WALL NEW COMMUNITY

(Housing provided by Work Unit)

PARING LOT MARKET


Site Development_2006

COMMERCIAL HOUSING (Western Model: centralize POS/ facilities)

RELOCATED VILLAGE WALL NEW COMMUNITY

(Housing provided by Work Unit)

PARING LOT MARKET


Site Development_2009

COMMERCIAL HOUSING (Western Model: centralize POS/ facilities)

RELOCATED VILLAGE

NEW COMMUNITY

(Housing provided by Work Unit)

PARING LOT MARKET

HIGH RISE APARTMENT (With Underground Parking)


COMMERCIAL HOUSING

Site Development_Current

RELOCATED VILLAGE

NEW COMMUNITY

(Housing provided by Work Unit)

PARING LOT MARKET

HIGH RISE APARTMENT (With Underground Parking) Mixed Use

Residential

Public Facilities

Green Space



Three FACTS Wall = Safe Changing Code Planed as Western Model: POS/Public Facility


AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY CONSTRAINTS


GATED COMMUNITY

LIMITED PARKING SPACE

INEFFECTIVE PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

LACK OF FACILITIES


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities

GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities

The Gate

GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities

The Retail

GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities

The Wall

GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities

The Fence

GATE RETAIL + COMMERCIAL WALL FENCE


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Extend the walking distance, make daily life difficult for senior citizens.

Bus Stop

Market


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking

2

2.5*5.5 M 0.8/family

68 750 M / 7 2 = 9821 M

5000 PARKING


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking Ineffective Public Space

Inadequate Parking

Ineffective Public Space


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking Ineffective Public Space Lack of Facilities

16.6%

13.26%

70.14%

16.6%

30%

53.4%

60+ yr 14-59 yr 14- yr

2010 Demographics of China

Expected 2030 Demographics of the site

Families: 12 500 Total Population: 43, 780

13,134 senior citizens 7,268 under 14 years


Site Analysis_Constraints Gated Communities Limited Parking Ineffective Public Space Lack of Facilities

General requirement Kindgarten Playground Sports Center Urban Furniture Public Restroom Hospice Care Community Service

Children under 14 yr

Senior citizens 60+ yr


Three FACTS

CONSTRAINTS

Wall = Safe

Gated Community

Changing Code

Limited Parking Space

Planed as Western Model:

Ineffective Public Space

POS/Public Facility

Lack of Facility


AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES


Opportunities_convert Programs Buildings in poor condition or has future retrofit plan, which could be resued or removed Public Facilities: Kingdergarten, Gymnasium, Hotel, Hospital Community Parks

Kindergarten

Kindergarten

Gymnasium

Hotel

Hospital


Opportunities_create POS Network

Public Space for All Citizens Public Space for specific Groups +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++

Public Space for Neighborhood Streetscape


Opportunities_create POS Network

Public Space for All Citizens Public Space for specific Groups +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++

Public Space for Neighborhood Streetscape


Opportunities_create POS Network

? Public Space for All Citizens Public Space for specific Groups +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++

Public Space for Neighborhood Streetscape


AGING IN PLACE URBANIZATION METHODOLOGY DESIGN APPROACH


Design Approach_Circuit


Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK


Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK

Empty street


Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK

Illegal Parking


Design Approach_Circuit 01. ===extend SIDEWALK RETROFIT 02

RETROFIT 01

EXISTING Retail Sidewalk Circuit

Parking Wall


Design Approach_Circuit 02. ===break WALL

"Break Wall" ?

Offset Wall Opening Community Entrance Wall + Fence


Design Approach_Circuit 02. ===break WALL

Offset Wall Opening

Offset Wall Opening Community Entrance Wall + Fence


Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR

Intersected Existing Buildings Intersected New Buildings


Storage/Vacant

Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR

N


Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_01 Transfer storage/vacant place into open parking space; Create intimate social space; Strengthen the N-S connection

N


Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_01

1 3

2

4 1 Rope Skipping

5

2 Tai chi/ Reading 3 Mahjong/ Watch TV 4 Chess 5 Chatting 6 Breakfast/Tea 7 Playground

6 N

7


Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_02

RETAIL

Game Room

DINING

Game Room

Transfer storage/vacant place into parking garage in the north face; Provide social space at south face; Create intimate social space; Strengthen the N-S connection

Mahjone Billiard

TEA HOUSE

N

READING BOOKSTORE


1

Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_02

RETAIL

Game Room

2

3 DINING

Game Room

4

1 Rope Skipping 2 Breakfast/Tea 3 Kitchen/Dining 5 Tea House N

Mahjone Billiard

TEA HOUSE

4 Chess/Chatting

5

READING BOOKSTORE


RETAIL

Game Room

DANCE

Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_03

N

Mahjone Billiard

TEA HOUSE

Transfer storage/vacant place into parking garage in the north face; Provide social space (both indoor and out door activities) at south face; Create intimate social space; Convert double lane into single lane; Decrease on-street parking space; Strengthen the N-S connection

DINING

ping pong

READING BOOKSTORE


Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_03


Design Approach_Circuit 03. ===convert GROUND FLOOR_03


Design Approach_Circuit 04. ===active POS

8:00- 10:00 A.M 7:00 - 9:00 P.M MORE THAN 20 PEOPLE

Gathering Space


Design Approach_Circuit 04. ===active POS

DAILY CONTACT MOST OF DAY TIME

Social Space GOOD PLACES TO SIT, WALK, STAND AND STAY

Intimate Space


Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions

Health / Fitness Center

Market/ Public Service


Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions Services Parking Garage Community Care

Health Center Hospital Assisted Living Kingdergarten Retail

Retail

Apartment Assisted Living Retail

Gymnasium

Health / Fitness Center


Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions

Health / Fitness Center


Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions

Market Apartment Market Parking Garage Parking Retail

Retail Public Service

Market/Public Service


Design Approach_New Development 05. ===Institutions

Market/Public Service


Design Approach_New Development 06 ===Apartment

-7500 m

2

Living

Redevelopment

+ 14,400 m

2

Assisted Living 2

+ 29,400m

Young Professonals

New Apartment Redevelopment

New Development


Design Approach_New Development 07 ===Roofscape 2

+266,146 m 50% roof area

Green Space Area

2

3.8m /person 2

+6m /person current ground floor area: 76% of total site area current green space ratio: less than 24%

Green Space Area


Design Approach_New Development 07 ===Roofscape


Design Approach_Retrofit Existing Residential 07 ===Roofscape

Add Lift to Improve Accessibility Roofscape for Production Active Ground Floor


Design Approach_Final Project

Create the Inner Circuit 01 Extend the Sidewalk 02 Offset Wall Opening 03 Convert Ground Floor 04 Active Public Open Space Invest New Development 05 Add Institutions 06 Build New Apartment Retrofit Existing Residential 07 Provide Roofscape


Design Approach_Final Project

2

2

2

+36,300 m

+17,600 m

425 Unit (90m2 per unit)

+6m /person

1300 more parking space

50% roof area

Parking Garage

Green Space Area

Apartment area

"Actived Ground Floor" is not accounted here. Max: 410 units reduced


Design Approach_Final Project Tai Chi

HOME

Body Check

Kindergarten

City Park Fitness dancing

Mahjong

Market

65 yr couple living with children and grandchild

Aging in Place


Three FACTS

CONSTRAINTS

DESIGN APPROACH

Wall = Safe

Gated Community

Creat the Inner Circuit

Changing Code

Limited Parking Space

Invest New Facilities

Planed as Western Model:

Ineffective Public Space

Retrofit Existing Residential

POS/Public Facility

Lack of Facility

THANK YOU


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