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LESSON 1: INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES Input devices is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
Keyboard Most common and very popular input device is keyboard. The keyboard helps in inputting the data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing some additional functions.
Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now 104 keys or 108 keys keyboard is also available for Windows and Internet.
Mouse
Mouse is most popular Pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device. It is a small palm size box with a round ball at its base which senses the movement of mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU on pressing the buttons. Generally, it has two buttons called left and right button and scroll bar is present at the mid. Mouse can be used to control the position of cursor on screen, but it cannot be used to enter text into the computer. ADVANTAGES
Easy to use Not very expensive Moves the cursor faster than the arrow keys of keyboard.
Joystick Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions.
The function of joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It is mainly used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer games.
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Light Pen Light pen is a pointing device, which is similar to a pen. It is used to
select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube. When light pen's tip is moved over the monitor screen and pen button is pressed, its photocell sensing element, detects the screen location and sends the corresponding signal to the CPU.
Track Ball Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in notebook
or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball, which is half inserted and by moving fingers on ball, pointer can be moved. Since the whole device is not moved, a track ball requires less space than a mouse. A track ball comes in various shapes like a ball, a button and a square.
Scanner Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disc of the computer for further manipulation. Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into the digital form that can be stored on the disc. These images can be edited before they are printed.
Microphone Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in digital form. The microphone is used for various applications like adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.
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LESSON 2: OUTPUT DEVICES An output device is any peripheral that receives or displays output from a computer.
Monitor- is also called a visual display screen. It converts electronic signals from the computer into visual display.
Printer- allows one to create a hard copy of the information present in the computer.
Speakers enable one to hear a sound coming from computer.
Headphones (or "head-phones" in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user's ears. They are also known as ears speakers, earphones.
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LESSON 3: SECONDARY STORAGE
Secondary storage refers to storage devices and media that are not constantly accessible by a computer system. These devices and media must be either plugged in or inserted into a computer in order to be accessed by the system. Because secondary storage technology is not always connected to the computer, it is commonly used for Magnetic media. Types of Secondary Storage 
Magnetic Storage Media
Hard drive
Alternatively referred to as a hard disk drive and abbreviated as HD or HDD, the hard drive is the computer's main storage media device that permanently stores all data on the computer. It consists of many disks or platters that store data.

Optical Storage media
CD-ROM Short for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, CD-ROM drives are CD players inside computers that can have speeds in the range from 1x and beyond, and have the capability of playing audio CDs and computer data CDs. It can hold up to 650 megabytes of data. DVD Short for Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc, a DVD or DVD-ROM, is a type of read-only memory compact disc. A disc capable of storing large amounts of data. It can store up to 17 gigabytes of information. Blu-ray Re-Writable and Read Only versions available. Uses a blue laser that is able to recognise smaller pits and lands, which allows for the pits and lands to be more closely packed, and so store more data.
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USB Flash drives Are solid state, that means that there are no moving parts. it allows for fast Random Access Memory. Flash drives can be set to read only mode, but they will always allow for reading and writing. The size of flash drives is not as great as a Hard Disk and they are generally much more expensive per megabyte.
Memory Cards Work in much the same way as a Flash drive and can often be converted into Flash Drives. They have different connectors and are generally smaller than USB Flash drives allowing for them to be used in cameras, mobile phones and game consoles.
Activity I Fill in the blanks. 1. A __________ is a popular type of optical storage. 2. The term CD_ROM is an abbreviation of ____________________. 3. You can take data from one computer to another with the help of ______________. 4. CD ROMs can hold up to ______________ of data. 5. A hard disk has many______________. 6. ___________ work in same way with flash drive although generally it is smaller. 7. ____________ uses a blue laser, that is able to recognise smaller pits and lands. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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LESSON 3: THE RIGHT WAY Computers make our life easier. However, like any other inventions, they also have the potential to cause harm. There are many issues related to their use. One has to do with ethics. Ethics involves moral beliefs and rules about what is right or wrong. How is ethics applied to computers? Computers present a vast new potential in technology. At the same time, their use has raised certain issues related to the correct ways of working on computers. Certain standards of conduct should be followed while one work on them. Standards of morality as well as laws must catch up with the increasing technology. There are many things you should be aware of. Intellectual property rights People‘s thoughts or ideas put down in writing or produced in any form are protected by law. Rights relate to literary or artistic work, Inventions, scientific discoveries are called Intellectual property rights. With the advent of computers, anything created by anyone becomes easily available. Information can be duplicated and passed on to others through different media. This does not mean that you can use words or ideas created by other people wherever you choose to. You have to be aware of certain issues associated with their use so that whatever you do lies within the limits of law. Issues involving intellectual property rights. Copyright. Try to look for a symbol ―c‖ enclosed in a circle like this in a book:© There is a also a statement,‘‘ All rights reserved‖. This denotes that only the publishers have the right to make copies of this book or reproduce any of the material it contains. © Disney, All Rights reserved. This means that the site is copyrighted. You cannot simply pick up any material, text or graphic displayed on the site. It is therefore the moral duty of the users to honestly acknowledge the source of whatever information they pick up to include in their work. The theft of someone‘s work is called Plagiarism. Note: Suppose you use someone else‘s words or ideas in one of your projects. You must let people know where the information comes from. It is called Referencing. In case you take the information from some web pages, you must include the following: The author‘s name(if it is known) The full title of the work The document date if it is known) The full URL The date of your visit YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Example Reference: Department of Education.‘‘ Using the Internet Research. Learning with the Internet 1996. Retrieved from http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/loti/page1.htm(14 February 1997) Software piracy means unlawful duplication or copying of a copyrighted program. Sometimes a person or company may create shareware software. It is also copyrighted but the creator offers it to anyone to copy and try out. However this is for a fixed period only. After the trial period, the user is asked to register and pay for the software should he or she desire to continue using it. VIRUS It is a malware program that, when executed, replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive; when this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be infected. How long does a virus spread? By using an infected secondary storage. By downloading an infected program from the internet. By transferring an infected program over a network and executing that program. Through e-mail. Indications of virus infection Unusual messages appear on the screen. Disk space is reduced. Files start vanishing. Computer unexpectedly starts rebooting. Keyboard keys lock up. Protecting against virus Here are some actions you can take: Install an antivirus program. ... Don't open email attachments unless you're expecting them. ... Keep your computer updated. ... Use a firewall. Windows Firewall (or any other firewall) can help alert you to suspicious activity if a virus or worm attempts to connect to your computer.
Activity I Encircle the most appropriate answer. 1. Moral beliefs and rules about right and wrong are called_____________. a. ethics b. privacy c. copyright
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2. The theft of someone‘s words or ideas is called__________. a. piracy b. referencing c. plagiarism 3. Intellectual property rights are applicable to_____________. a. literary and artistic works b. inventions and discoveries
c. both
4. The unlawful duplication of copyrighted software is called. a. daylight robbery b. shareware piracy c. software piracy Activity II Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. 2. 3. 4.
A virus is a _________________. A virus has the ability to_____ to other programs. _________has provided a new medium for spreading virus. McAfee and Norton antivirus are_________________.
LESSON 4: MORE ABOUT MS WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM The most important program on any computer is the operating system (OS). It is a large program made up of smaller program. What an operating system does? It controls the processing that takes place inside the computer; It controls the hardware associated with the computer; and It manages devices like the mouse, monitor, printer, drives, scanner, modem and others. GUI-based operating system A GUI- based operating system is a program.GUI stands for Graphical user interface. It uses, icons, menus, dialog boxes and windows to display information on screen It allows the user to click and select items in the mouse. Mac OS, MS Windows 98,MS Windows 2000 and Windows XP are some common GUI-based operating system. USING MS WINDOWS Shortcut A shortcut is a quick way of opening a file. A shortcut is indicated by the sign on its icon. Look on some examples.
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Creating a short-cut on the desktop Mika creates a shortcut file to her ‗‘videos .doc on the desktop. She follows steps 1 to 4. Step 1.She double-clicks on the folder ‗‘videos‘‘ to open it. Step 2.She right clicks on the icon of the file. A menu appears Step 3: She clicks on ‗‘Send To‘‘ Step 4: She clicks on ‗‘desktop,(create shortcut)
The shortcut created by Mika looks like this
She simply double-clicks on the shortcut icon to open the file. What you should remember about shortcuts If you move to the shortcut to some other location, the original file remains in the same place where it was. Renaming a shortcut doesn‘t rename the original file Renaming a file doesn‘t rename its shortcut Deleting a file doesn‘t delete its shortcut. If you copy a shortcut to a secondary storage, and then use it in some other computers, you will not be able to open the original file. SCREEN SAVER What is a screen saver? A screen saver is a moving pattern or picture that appears on the screen if the computer remains inactive for a period of time. Need for a screen saver If you leave an unchanging image on the screen for a long time, the screen ‗‘burns in‘‘ .This means that it looks out of focus. To prevent this, there are screen savers. A screen saver contains moving patterns that prevent burn-in Setting up a screen saver Step 1.Right click on any blank area on the desktop. A menu appears YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Step 2.Click on properties. A dialog box appears Step 3: Click on the screen saver tab. Step 4: Click on the screen saver of your choice. Step 5: Choose the number of minutes. The screen saver will appear if the computer screen remains active for the time period chosen here. Step 6: Click on OK. DELETING OBJECTS You can delete an object if you don‘t need it anymore. Follow steps 1 to 3 to do this. Step 1. Right click on the object to be deleted A menu appears Step 2.Choose the delete option A dialog box appears. To delete, click on Yes. When you delete an object, it is not erased. It is moved to the Recycle bin. There is another way to delete an object. Select the object to be deleted and press the Delete key on the keyboard. Note: When you delete a folder, all the files and folders contained in that folder are deleted.
RECYCLE BIN The recycle bin is present on the desktop. It is represented by this icon The recycle bin is a special type of folder. If you double click on it, its contents are shown in a window. You can move things in and out of that window just as you do with a folder. The Recycle bin works like the trash can in your room. Until it is emptied, you can put things in and take them out. Moving files to the recycle bin. When you delete an object, it moves to the recycle bin. You can also drag and drop the icon of the object into the Recycle bin. Emptying the Recycle bin. The objects remain in the Recycle bin until you empty it. When you empty the recycle bin, everything in it is erased permanently from the storage space. Activity 1 1. You can recognize a shortcut by a __________sign. 2. When you delete an object, it moves to _________________recycle bin. 3. 1 MB=__________KB.
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Answer these questions in one sentence each. 1.
What is MS Windows?
2.
Name any of three operating system.
3.
What is a recycle bin?
4.
What is the purpose of an operating system?
5. Why do you need shortcuts?
6. Why do you need screen savers?
LESSON 5: MS WORD-CHANGING THE LOOK SMART EDITING Spelling and Grammar check Mika and Paulo are typing articles for their school magazine. They are using their word processing skills on the computer. They type a poem on the topic ‗‘Teacher‘‘. My teacher is a perrson
Red wavy line
Who makes our test.
Green wavy line
She is an inspiration As we try to do our best We are her favourite learners
Red wavy line
As we go through life She’s a patient with the dreamers, and helps them through strife
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Some words in the poem are underlined with red wavy lines. According to MS Word, these words are not spelled correctly . Some other words are underlined with wavy green lines. According to MS Word, there are possible grammatical errors in those words. Let‘s see how Mika corrects the mistake. She follows steps 1 to 6. Step 1. She right clicks on the word ‗‘perrson‘‘. MS Word underlines it in red. Step 2.She clicks on the correct spelling that MS Word suggests. Step 3. She right clicks on the word ‗ Word underlines it in green. MS Word suggest that there should be a question mark after the word ‗‘test‘‘. Mika knows that she is not asking a question. So what does she do? Step 4: She clicks on ‗‘Ignore‘‘ the green line disappear. The next word that has a red underline is ‗favourite‘‘ Step 5: She right clicks on ‗‘favourite‘‘. MS Word suggests some other spelling of ―favourite‘‘ Mika doesn‘t want o change it. Step 6: She clicks on ‗‘Ignore All‘‘
FORMATTING CHARACTERS Inserting symbols Paulo is writing an article on Mathematics. He needs to type the symbol‘‘π ‗‘. He cannot find it in the keyboard. To insert it, he follows steps 1 to 6. Step 1: Step 2: Step 3 :
He clicks at the place where he wants to insert the symbol. He clicks on‘‘ Insert‘‘ on the menu bar. He chooses ‗‘symbol‘‘ from the insert menu. The dialog box appears. It shows many symbols.
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Step 4: Step 5: Step 6:
He clicks on the symbol he wants. The enlarged symbol appears. He clicks on ‗‘Insert‘‘.The symbol he wants appears in the document. A ‗‘Close ‗‘ button now appears in the dialog box. He clicks on it to close the dialog box.
Using Subscripts and Superscripts, Tim wants to type terms like Ax² and y³ in his article..The digits 2 and 3 appear slightly above the normal baseline. Such characters are called superscripts. Tim‘s friend is writing an article on his favourite subject Chemistry and he has to type the chemical formula like for example, H2O, the symbol for water. Contrast with superscript. To type a character slightly above or below the base line, follow steps 1 to 4. Step 1. Select the text that you want to change. Step 2. Choose‘‘Font‘‘ option from the Format menu. Step 3. Choose the required effect. Step 4. Click on OK. You can give more effects to text using the above method. Some of these are given .
FORMATTING PARAGRAPHS Adding Bullet or Numbers A bullet is usually a large dot that indicates separate items on a list. You use them on a list if you do not want to specify a particular order of the items. Note: If you wish to specify a particular order, number the items on the list. Step 1. Select the items that are to be presented with bullets. Step 2. Choose ‗‘Bullets and Numbering‘‘ from the Format menu. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Step 3. Clicks on the ‗‘Bulleted‘‘ tab. Step 4. Clicks on the bullet of his choice. The list now looks like this: Jay will go at 10 o clock in the station Most rich people help the poor. Sunday will be a rainy day. Dino came late. I wonder if I should leave the patient. ADDING BORDERS Tim now wants to add a border in his article. He follows steps 1 to 3. Step 1: he selects the portion of the text where he wants to add a border. Step 2: He clicks on the down arrow next to the border button on the formatting toolbar. Step 3. His article now looks prettier with a border applied to it.
FORMATTING PAGES Adding page numbers Robert is creating an article with the title, ‗‘Brain Game‘‘. He has typed many words and has asked the readers to tell what they mean. Robert knows that his article will cover two pages. He wants the pages to be numbered. He follows steps 1 to 3. Step 1. He chooses ‗‘Page Numbers‘‘ from the insert menu. The page number dialog box appears: Step 2.he chooses the position and alignment of the page numbers. Step 3.He clicks on OK. CHANGING PAGE ORIENTATION BEFORE PRINTING Robert also wants to change the orientation of the text. Orientation refers to whether the text is to be printed lengthwise or widthwise. When the text is printed lengthwise it is called Portrait page orientation. When the text is printed widthwise, it is called landscape page orientation. To change the orientation of the page, Robert follows steps 1 to 4. Step 1. He chooses ‗‘Page Set Up‘‘ from the File menu. A Page Setup window appears. Step 2. He clicks on the ‗‘Paper size‘‘ tab. Step 3. He chooses the orientation of the page that he wants. Step 4. He clicks on OK. Activity 1
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Choose the right answer from the choices below. 1. MS Word indicates a spelling error in a document by underlining the word with a. A green wavy line b. a red wavy line
c. red dots d. a blue straight line
2. If you want to use mathematical symbols , you first click on the a. Edit menu b. Tools menu
c. Insert menu d. Format menu
3. The option of writing superscript characters is available in the a. Table menu b. Format menu
c. View menu d. Insert menu
4. A green wavy line in a Word document indicates a possible a. Spelling error b. grammatical error
c. error in the software d. problem in the computer system
5. To add border in the text , click on the a. Border button b. Numbering button
c. Bullets button d. OK Button
Activity 2 Write steps to do the following. 1. Type the symbol Š in a document. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Add bullets to various items on the list. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Add border to a portion of a text. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Number the pages of your document. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
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5. Change the page orientation to landscape ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. Strikethrough the following ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
LESSON 6: WELCOME TO MICROSOFT EXCEL Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft Corporation. It integrates graphics and data management. It is designed to ease the task of handling budget preparation, cash flows inventory, financial statements and analysis of numerical data. Key to the Excel Window 1. Title Bar-displays the program name and the workbook title. 2. Menu Bar –contains the names of the means that are available. The menus change depending on the task at hand. 3. Name Box –displays the cell address and the name box. 4. Toolbar- contains buttons that you can click to carryout command that you use most frequently. 5. Formula bar- displays the cell address or reference as well as the contents of the active cell. 6. Task Pane-Lists commands that relevant to whatever you‘re doing in Excel. You can easily hide the task pane if you want to have more room to view a workbook. Simply click the Close button at the upper-right corner of the Task Pane. 7. Row Headings- are the numbered labels that appear on the left side of each row. 8. Status bar- indicates the information about the current worksheet. 9. Sheet tabs- display the name of the worksheets. The sheet tabs let you move from one sheet to another within the workbook. 10. Worksheet Window- is a window that displays your work in Excel. It has columns and rows that intersect at cells. 11. Active cell- is a cell with a heavy or colored border where you can enter texts and numbers into.
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Getting to know Excel 2013 Excel 2013 is similar to Excel 2010. If you've previously used Excel 2010, Excel 2013 should feel very familiar. But if you are new to Excel, or if you have more experience with older versions, you should first take some time to become familiar with the Excel 2013 interface. The Excel interface When you open Excel 2013 for the first time, the Excel Start Screen will appear. From here, you'll be able to create a new workbook, choose a template, and access your recently edited workbooks. 
From the Excel Start Screen, locate and select Blank workbook to access the Excel interface.
Working with the Excel environment If you've previously used Excel 2010 or 2007, Excel 2013 will feel very familiar. It continues to use features like the Ribbon andQuick Access Toolbar, where you will find commands to perform common tasks in Excel, as well as Backstage view. The Ribbon Excel 2013 uses a tabbed Ribbon system instead of traditional menus. The Ribbon contains multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands. You will use these tabs to perform the most common tasks in Excel.
The Home tab gives you access to some of the most commonly used commands for working with data in Excel 2013, including copy and paste, formatting, and number styles. The Home tab is selected by default whenever you open Excel. Certain programs, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, may install additional tabs to the Ribbon. These tabs are called Add-ins. To minimize and maximize the Ribbon: The Ribbon is designed to respond to your current task, but you can choose to minimize it if you find that it takes up too much screen space. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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1. Click the Ribbon Display Options arrow in the upper-right corner of the Ribbon.
2. Select the desired minimizing option from the drop-down menu: 3. Auto-hide Ribbon: Auto-hide displays your workbook in full-screen mode and completely hides the Ribbon. To show the Ribbon, click the Expand Ribbon command at the top of screen.
4. Show Tabs: This option hides all command groups when not in use, but tabs will remain visible. To show the Ribbon, simply click a tab.
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5. Show Tabs and Commands: This option maximizes the Ribbon. All of the tabs and commands will be visible. This option is selected by default when you open Excel for the first time. The Quick Access Toolbar Located just above the Ribbon, the Quick Access Toolbar lets you access common commands no matter which tab is selected. By default, it includes the Save, Undo, and Repeat commands. You can add other commands depending on your preference. To add commands to the Quick Access Toolbar:
1. Click the drop-down arrow to the right of the Quick Access Toolbar. 2. Select the command you wish to add from the drop-down menu. To choose from more commands, select More Commands.
3. The command will be added to the Quick Access Toolbar.
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Backstage view Backstage view gives you various options for saving, opening a file, printing, or sharing your workbooks. To access Backstage view: 1. Click the File tab on the Ribbon. Backstage view will appear.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about using Backstage view. Worksheet views Excel 2013 has a variety of viewing options that change how your workbook is displayed. You can choose to view any workbook in Normal view, Page Layout view, or Page Break view. These views can be useful for various tasks, especially if you're planning to print the spreadsheet. 
To change worksheet views, locate and select the desired worksheet view command in the bottom-right corner of the Excel window.
Click the arrows in the slideshow below to review the different worksheet view options. Normal view: This is the default view for all worksheets in Excel.
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Challenge! 1. Open Excel 2013. 2. Click through all of the tabs, and review the commands on the Ribbon. 3. Try minimizing and maximizing the Ribbon. 4. Add a command to the Quick Access Toolbar. 5. Navigate to Backstage view, and open your Account settings. 6. Try switching worksheet views. 7. Close Excel (you do not have to save the workbook).
LESSON 7: BUILDING A WORKSHEET ENTERING TEXT Tin makes the A1 cell active and types a heading-EXPENSES FOR TEACHER‘S DAY. Formula bar
Active cell While he types the title, it appears on both the active cell and the formula bar. He completes the entry by pressing the Enter key. He can also press the symbol /on the formula bar to complete the entry. Note: To cancel an entry before its completion,you can either press X on the formula bar or press the Esc key. Krissy enters the other heading in cells A3,B3 and C3.
CHANGING COLUMN WIDTH Let‘s see how Krissy changes the width of the columns. She follows steps 1 to 3. Step 1: She takes the mouse over the right edge of the column heading A. The mouse pointer changes from
to
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Step 2: She drags the edge of Column A to a new position.A dotted lines appear.It indicates the new column width. Step 3. She releases the mouse button when the new column width is already of the size that she wants.
Changing column width automatically Step 1: Move the mouse over the right edge of the column heading.The changes to Step 2: Double click. The column width automatically changes to fit the longest item in the column. Krissy changes the column width of Columns B and C. Then she enters the names of the items she wants to buy. ENTERING NUMBERS They enter the data. The screen looks like this: 3 ITEM QUANTITIY 4 5 STAPLER 1 6 CRAYON BOXES 2 7 CHART PAPERS 5 8 SKETCH PENS 1 9 ART PINS BOXES 2 10 GLUE BOTTLE 1
UNIT PRICE 40 15 5 15 10 12
EDITING CELL ENTRIES You can replace the entire contents of a cell with new data. Follow steps 1 and 2. Step 1.Make the cell(whose data is to be replaced) active by pressing the left mouse button once. Step 2. Type the new data and press Enter key. SAVING A WORKBOOK Krissy follow steps 1 to 4 to save her workbook: Step1. She chooses the ‗‘Save as‘‘ option in the file menu. A ‗‘Save as‘‘ dialog box appears. Step 2: She chooses the location where she wants to store the workbook. The workbook is saved. Excel automatically assigns the file extension ―.xls‖. Its name appears on the workbook window‘s title bar.
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Naming a workbook 1. The name of the workbook should be meaningful. 2. It is not necessary to include the extension when you enter the file name. 3. The extension describes the kind of information that the file contains. For example, an Excel workbook gets an ‗‘.xls, extension. 4. You cannot include some characters in a file name. For example,/*?<>:. DOING CALCULATIONS You use various formulas to do calculations in MS Excel.
All formulas begin with an ‗‘equal to‘‘ sign (=) .This sign tells excel that the cell entry is a formula. You can either write the formulas using uppercase or lowercase letters. For example, A1+ B1 is the same as a1 + B1. You must press Enter only once. This is done only when the entire formula entry is completed.
Using formulas Step 1: Krissy enters the heading ‗‘Total Price‘‘ in cell D3. Cell D ITEM QUANTITY UNIT PRICE TOTAL PRICE She adjusts the column width of column D as the heading ‗‘Total Price‘‘ spills out if Column D into Column E. Now she has to enter the formula to calculate the total price. Note: Enter formulas on a worksheet when you want to calculate something. A formula has a cell reference and an operator. For example,
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Addition operator = B4 + 2 Cell reference Step2. She makes cell D5 active. Step3. She types+ B5*C5 and presses Enter. The formula= B5* C5 appears in the formula bar.
Formula bar
The result of the calculation appears in cell D5 which contains the formula. Arithmetic Operations You can use arithmetic operations to do calculations. Some of them are given below.
Symbol
Operation
Priority
Purpose
%
Percentage
1
Ë&#x2020;
Exponentiation
2
*
Multiplication
3
/
Division
3
+ -
Addition Subtraction
4 4
Divides a number by 100 Raises a number to a power Multiplies two numbers Divides a number by another number Adds two numbers Subtracts a number from another
Example Of Formula =2%
Result Of Formula
=5^2
25
=5*2
10
=15/3
5
= 3+2 =8-5
5 3
0.02
Priority of operations. The order in which Excel performs operations is determined by the priority of the operators. Operators with higher priority are performed first. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Example 1. What will be the result of + 12-5*2? As multiplication has a higher priority than subtraction, 5*2 is calculated first. This gives the result 10, Which is then subtracted from 12 to give the result 2. Operators with same priority. If a formula contains two operators with the same priority, for example, addition (+) and subtraction(-) operators, then the one present on the left side of the formula is evaluated first. COPYING FORMULAS TO NEIGHBORING CELLS Krissy: Let us copy the formula that we entered in cell D5 to D6, D7,.till D10. To do this, Krissy follows these steps: Step 1. She selects cell D5 containing the information to be copied. Step 2. She positions the mouse pointer on the lower right corner of the selected cell. Step 3.She drags the fill handle to the adjacent cells where she wants to copy the formula. A grey border surrounds the adjacent cells where the formula will be copied. Step 4.When all the cells where she wants to copy the formula are surrounded by the grey border, she releases the mouse button.
fill handle
AUTOMATIC RECALCULATIONS Tim suddenly realizes that they would need two packets of sketch pens instead of one. He now wants to change that entry in the worksheet. Write the steps that Tim should follow to change the number of sketch pen packets in the worksheet. ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ After Tim changes the entry in cell B8, he presses Enter to complete it. The contents of cell D8 automatically change to 30. The result of the formula B8* C8 has automatically adjusted to 30 as B8 has changed to 2. Cell B8 cell D8 FINDING THE SUM YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Tim : Krissy, we must tell our classmates the total amount that we will spend to buy all the materials. Let‘s find out. Krissy types the heading ‗‘Total: '‘ cell C12.
Then she makes cell D12 active and types in the formula: =D5+D6+D7+D8+D9+D10 She then completes the entry by pressing Enter. The result 157 appears in cell D12. Other method: Highlight the range of cells to be added from D5 to D10 Tim: Very good Krissy! But we could have used a function to add up these numbers stored in cells D5 to D10. Krissy: What‘s a function? Tim : A function is a predefined formula for doing a particular calculation. There are more than 200 functions in Excel. In this case, we can enter the SUM function in cell D12, like this: =SUM (D5: D10) Let‘s replace the cell entry in D12 with this function. The worksheet looks like this:
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CLOSING A WORKBOOK FILE To close the workbook, Krissy chooses ‗‘File‘‘ and then ‗‘Close‘‘ Krissy has made some changes in the worksheet but does not save them. Excel alerts her by displaying a message like this.
Krissy clicks on ‗‘Yes‘‘ as she wants to save the changes.The worksheet disappears from the screen.
EXITING EXCEL The computer period is over. Tim and Krissy want to close Excel. They choose the Exit option from the File menu. The Excel program closes.
OPENING A SAVED WORKBOOK When Tim reaches home, he starts Excel on his computer. To open the workbook Teachers-day.xls from his a storage device, he follows these steps: Step 1. He chooses the Open from the File menu.
Let’s Review Choose the letter with the most appropriate answer. 1.
An MS Excel file automatically gets the file extension a. .doc c. file b. .excel d. .xls
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2.
All formulas in Excel begin with a. An ‗‘equal to ‘‘sign b. A multiplication sign
c. a plus sign d. a minus sign
3.
The arithmetic operator that raises a number to a power is a. Percentage c. exponentiation b. Multiplication d. addition
4.
A predefined formula for doing a specific calculation in Excel is called a a. Worksheet c. cell b. Function d. arithmetic operator
Activity 2 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. When you type contents in a cell, they appear in __________ and ________________. 2. You can either press____________or_______________ to complete a cell entry. 3. Press esc key or click the _______________ button to cancel an entry. 4. To save changes in your worksheet, press___________________. 5. If you enter 76+5 in a cell, _______________ will be displayed. 6. The formulas+b2+c2 and +b2+c2 are______________. 7. The order in which arithmetic operations are performed is determined by the ____________________. 8. The result of the formula= 5+(7-2)* 2 is_______________ and the result of the formula= 5+7-2*2 is________________________ 9. You can use__________________ to change the order in which excel performs arithmetic operations. 10. A fill handle looks like a __________________.
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LESSON 8 WORKING IN MS EXCEL FORMULAS AND FUNCTION Mika and Paulo are creating an electronic grade book for the class using the electronic spreadsheet. They enter the marks of their friend in different subjects and follow the different steps. Step 1.Enter the school name in Column A, Row 1. Step 2. Enter the grade level and section in Column A, Row 2. Step 3. Enter the names of subjects from cell e4 to cell I4.Center align all subject names in their respective cells,highlighting cell E4 to I4.Click on center align.
Step 4. Enter the names of students from cell B6 down. Step 5. Enter the marks of each student accordingly. Step 6. Type the word AVERAGE in cell J4.Click on cell J6 and type the formula for average in the formula bar. = Average(E6:16) no spaces then press Enter. You can also type in =Average (then highlight cells E6 to 16 then type in). Press Enter or click on the check buttonbeside the formula box. Note: All formulas entered in the formula bar should start with an =(equal sign) Step 7.Click on cell J6. Now you can use the fill handle to copy the formula in cell J6 to adjacent cells J7 to J14.Fill handle is a small black or colored box in the lower right corner of the cell pointer. Position the mouse pointer on the fill handle.
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Press the mouse button down and drag to adjacent cells where the formula is to be copied. A grey border will surround the cells. When all the required destination cells have been surrounded by the grey border, release the mouse button. The cells are filled.
Step 8. To format the average to 0 decimal place, highlight cells J6 to J14.Go to the Format menu and select ‗‘cells‘‘ from the format menu. The format cells dialog box appears. Click on the number tab. In the ‗‘Number ‗tab, click on ‗‘Number‘‘ from the ‗‘Category‘‘ list and type in ‗‘0‘‘ in the decimal places field. Then click on the OK button to apply the decimal places selected. Step 9. You can use Excel‘s auto fill feature to number the list of students. Excel Autofill feature can generate a series of numbers, months, days, dates and quarters. Enter the number 1 in cell A6, 2 in cell A7 and 3 in cell A8.Select these three cells and position your mouse pointer on the fill handle A8. Select these three cells and position your mouse pointer on the fill handle and drag. All the cells that will be part of the series will be surrounded by a grey border. Release the mouse button to complete the series.
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INSERTING ROWS AND COLUMNS TO ADD LABELS OR DATA You can also insert rows. Suppose a new row has to be inserted before row 4, above the name of the subjects, just follow steps 1 and 2. Step 1. Click on row 4 since you want to insert a row before it. Step 2. Choose the rows option from the Insert menu. Type the desired label or data e.g. Name and Number. Type number in cell A4 as heading, the word NAMEas heading for B4 and SUBJECTS for cell E4. The insert > Rows command will insert additional rows in the worksheet.
Before inserting row
After inserting row
If you want to insert a column, insert it to the left of the selected column. Follow steps 1and 2. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Step 1. Click on the column where you want to insert a new column. Step 2. Choose the ‗‘Column‘‘ option from the insert menu. A blank column will be inserted to the left of your chosen column. CHANGING FONT STYLE AND FONT SIZE ‗‘Arial‘‘ and ‗‘Times new Roman‘‘ are names of different fonts. There are a lot of font types that you can use. A font is a typeface. It is the form or design of letters and characters.
You can also change the font style if you wish to. The basic font styles are Regular Italic Bold Underlined
COMPUTING FOR AVERAGES USING FUNCTION Mika and Paulo want to find out the average, maximum and minimum grades of their classmates. They do this by using the Function command from the Insert menu. First Mika type the word s Average in cell C17, Maximum in Cell 18, and Minimum in cell C19.0 Average Function Average Function calculates the average of the arguments.It adds the contents of the cells indicated and then divides the sum by the total number of cells.To get the average function, Mika and Paulo follow steps 1 to 4.
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Step 1. Mika clicks on cell D17.She enters the formula for Average by selecting Function from the Insert menu. The Paste function dialog box appears. Step 2. She selects average from the list under Function name. She clicks on the OK button. Step 3. She highlights cell J7 to cell J15 to get the average grade from the AVERAGE column. The Formula bar automatically shows the range of cells for the average column (J7: J17). The: (colon) means ‗‘to‘‘ Step 4. She clicks on the OK button. Excel automatically calculates the average grade in the grade book.
Maximum Function The Maximum function finds the largest value in a set of values. Mika and Paulo want to find the highest marks in each subject. They do it by following steps 1 to 4 Step 1. Mika clicks on cell D18.She then clicks on Insert on the menu bar and selects function. The Paste Function dialog box appears. Step 2. She clicks All from the Function Category list on the left side of Paste Function window. She selects Max from the Function name list on the right then she clicks on the OK button. The Formula for Max function appears. Step 3. She highlights cell J7 to cell J15 to get the range on which the Max function will be performed. Step 4. She clicks on the OK button. The formula bar automatically shoes the range of cells for the average Column (J7: J15). The: (colon) means‘‘ to‘‘. This computes the maximum average in the grade book.
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Minimum Function The Minimum function finds the smallest value in a set of values. Mika and Paulo want to find the lowest average in the Average column. They follow steps 1 to 4. Step 1.Mika clicks on cell D19. She clicks on Insert on the menu bar and selects Function. The Paste Function dialog box appears. Step 2. She clicks All from the Function Category list on the left side of the Paste Function window. She selects Min from the Function name list on the right then clicks on OK. Step 3. She highlights cell J7 to cell J15 to get the Min from the Average column. The formula bar automatically shows the range of cells for the average column (J7:J15). The: (colon) means ‗‘to‘‘ Step 4. She clicks on the OK button. This computes the minimum average in the grade book.
MERGE AND CENTER TEXT Mika and Paulo want to center the school‘s name, St. Gregory Academy and heir class section on the worksheet. To do this, they follow steps 1 to 4. Step 1. Paulo highlights cells A1 to J1. Step 2. He clicks on the Merge and Center tool on the Formatting toolbar. Step 3. To do this with the subtitle Class 4-A, he highlights cells A2 to J2 and clicks on the Merge and Center tool on the Formatting toolbar. Step 4. To center the heading over the subject names, he highlights cells E4 to I4 and clicks on the Merge and Center tool on the Formatting toolbar.
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ALIGNMENT As in word processing, values and text inside the cell can be aligned too. You can use the left aligned, right aligned, center and justified alignment. When you enter data consisting of numbers, they automatically align with the left side of the cell. You can change cell alignment if you wish to by following steps 1 and 2. Step 1. Select cells whose alignment has to be changed. Step 2. Click on the Formatting toolbar for the alignment that you want.
ACTIVITY Fill in the blanks. 1. The: in A8:A12 means ____________. 2. If you enter 15+7-2 in a cell, Excel will display________________. 3. In MS Excel, all formulas start with an _______________. 4. The _______________tool can be used to quickly create SUM formulas. 5. The ________________function finds the smallest value in a set of values. 6. If the formula= SUM(B2:B5) is centered in cell B6, it will change to _____________ when copied on cell C6. 7. You use the ______________ tool to center the contents of a cell over a selected group of columns. 8. You should take the font size as ________________points to make the characters one inch high in a worksheet.
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Activity 2 You are given the following worksheet:
What will be the result of the following formulas: 1. =SUM(B2:B4) 2. =AVERAGE(C3,C4) 3. =MAX(B2:B4) 4. =MIN(C2:C4 Give short answers to these questions. 1. What is a function? Name any four. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the purpose of an argument? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. What happens if you change a cell entry on which a formula depends? ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Write the shorter way of computing=C1+C2+C3+C4+C5+C6+C7+C8. ___________________________________________________________________ 5. What are ‘‘Times New Roman‘‘ and ‗‘Bookman Old Style‘‘ examples of? ___________________________________________________________________ 6. One of the cells in the worksheet displays this: # VALUE! What could have gone wrong? ___________________________________________________________________ 7.
What does Excel do if you enter text that is longer than the width of the cell?
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LESSON 9: MS POWERPOINT Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program developed by Microsoft. It was officially launched on May 22, 1990, as a part of the Microsoft Office suite. Introduction
Before you begin creating presentations in PowerPoint, you may want to set up your PowerPoint environment and become familiar with a few key tasks, such as how to minimize and maximize the Ribbon, configure the Quick Access toolbar, switch views, and access your PowerPoint options.
Exploring the PowerPoint window When you open PowerPoint, a new presentation is created, and a blank slide appears in the PowerPoint window. The slide has placeholders for you to add a title and subtitle. The tabbed Ribbon menu system is how you access the various PowerPoint commands. If you've used previous versions of PowerPoint, the Ribbon system replaces the traditional menus. Above the Ribbon in the upper-left corner is the Microsoft Office button. From here, you can access important options such as New, Save, Save As, and Print. By default, the Quick Access toolbar is pinned next to the Microsoft Office button and includes commands like Undo and Redo. On the left side of the window, you will see a task pane with slides and outline tabs, which appear by default. On the bottom-right of the screen, you'll find view commands (Normal, Slide Sorter, and Slide Show), as well as the zoom tool.
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To zoom in and out: Locate the zoom bar in the bottom-right corner. Click the slider and drag it to the right to zoom in and to the left to zoom out.
To change views: Locate the View options in the bottom-right corner. The view options are Normal, Slide Sorter, and Slide Show. Click an option to select it.
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The Quick Access toolbar and Ribbon The Quick Access toolbar The Save, Undo, and Redo commands appear by default on the Quick Access toolbar. You may want to add other commands to make using specific PowerPoint features more convenient for you.
To add commands to the Quick Access toolbar: Click the arrow to the right of the Quick Access toolbar. Select the command you want to add from the drop-down list. It will appear in the Quick Access toolbar.
OR
Select More Commands from the menu, and a dialog box appears. Select the command you want to add. Click the Add button. Click OK.
The Ribbon The new tabbed Ribbon system replaces traditional menus in PowerPoint 2007. It is designed to be easy to use and responsive to your current task; however, you can choose to minimize the Ribbon if you would prefer to use different menus or keyboard shortcuts. To minimize and maximize the Ribbon: Click the drop-down arrow next to the Quick Access toolbar. Select Minimize Ribbon from the list. The Ribbon disappears. To maximize the Ribbon, click the arrow again and select Minimize the Ribbon to toggle the feature off.
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You can also minimize and maximize the Ribbon by right-clicking anywhere in the Ribbon and selecting Minimize the Ribbon in the menu that appears. The Microsoft Office button menu The Microsoft Office button appears at the top of the PowerPoint window. When you click the button, a menu appears. From this menu, you can create a new presentation, open existing files, save files in a variety of ways, and print. You can also add security features and send, publish, and close files.
To change the default PowerPoint options: Click the PowerPoint Options button. A dialog box will appear. Select a category on the left to access different PowerPoint options.
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Modify any of the default settings. For example, if you want to change the color scheme of the PowerPoint window, click the color scheme dropdown menu in the Popular section and choose an option. In this example, we'll choose Black.
Click OK, and the changes will be applied. In this example, the PowerPoint window color scheme is now black.
As you learn more about PowerPoint and become proficient at using it, you may want to modify some of the settings. As a beginning user, it is usually best to leave the default settings.
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Challenge! Open PowerPoint. Practice using the Zoom tool. Minimize and maximize the Ribbon. Click the Microsoft Office button, and review the menu options. Add two commands to the Quick Access toolbar. Continue to explore the PowerPoint environment.
Introduction
PowerPoint includes all of the features you need to produce professionallooking presentations. When you create a PowerPoint presentation, it is made up of a series of slides. The slides contain the information you want to communicate with your audience. This information can include text, pictures, charts, video, sound, and more. Before you begin adding information to slides, you'll need to know the basics of working with slides. In this lesson, you'll learn how to start a new presentation, insert new slides, modify a layout, move and copy slides, use placeholders, and save your presentation. New presentations When you open PowerPoint from the Start menu or from an icon on your desktop, a new presentation with one slide appears by default. You can also create a new presentation while PowerPoint is already open.
Click the Microsoft Office button, and choose New from the menu.
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The New Presentation dialog box will appear. Blank presentation is selected by default.
Click Create, and a new presentation will open in the PowerPoint window.
The default slide that appears when you create a new presentation is a Title Slide layout.
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Slide Basics About the slides Slides contain placeholders, or areas on a slide that are enclosed by dotted borders. Placeholders can contain many different items, including text, pictures, and charts. Some placeholders have placeholder text—or text you can replace— and thumbnail-sized icons that represent specific commands such as Insert Picture, Insert Chart, and Insert Clip Art. Hover over each icon to see the type of information you can insert.
About slide layouts The placeholders are arranged in different layouts you can select when you insert a new slide or that can be applied to existing slides. In the example above, the layout is called Title and Content and includes title and content placeholders. A slide layout arranges your slide content. Layouts contain different types of placeholders you can use, depending on what information you want to include in your presentation. Each layout has a descriptive name, but the image of the layout shows you how the placeholders are arranged on the slide.Slide basics To insert text into a placeholder: Click inside the placeholder. The placeholder text will disappear, and the insertion point will appear. Type your text once the insertion point is visible. Click outside the placeholder when you have entered all of your text into the placeholder. When you enter text or use the icons to insert items, the placeholder text and/or icons disappear as soon as you start typing. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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To insert a new slide: Click the New Slide command in the Slides group on the Home tab. A menu will appear with your slide layout options.
Click the slide you want to insert. A new slide with the chosen layout will appear in the center of the PowerPoint window and in the pane on the left.
To change the layout of an existing slide: Select the slide you want to change. Click the Layout command in the Slides group on the Home tab. A menu appears with your options.
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Click an option to select it. The slide will change in the presentation.
Working with slides To copy and paste a slide: Select the slide you want to copy. Click the Copy command on the Home tab.
Click inside the Slides tab on the left task pane. A horizontal insertion point will appear. Move the insertion point to the location where you want the copy of the slide to appear.
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Click the Paste command on the Home tab. The copied slide will appear.
You can use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+C to copy the slide and Ctrl+V to paste it.
To delete a slide: Select the slide you want to delete. Click the Delete command in the Slides group on the Home tab.
You can also delete a slide by pressing the Delete key on your keyboard.
To move a slide: Select the slide you want to move on the Slides tab in the left task pane. Click and drag the slide to a new location. The insertion point will appear. Release the mouse button. The slide will appear in the new location.
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Using different views from the PowerPoint window In the bottom-right corner of the PowerPoint window are three view commands. From here, you can change the view to Normal, Slide Sorter, or Slide Show view by clicking a command.
Normal is the default view and where you will create and edit your slides in the center slide pane, and all of the slides will appear on the Slides tab in the left task pane. Slide Sorter is a view of your slides in thumbnail form. The slides are presented horizontally, which allows you to see more slides at the same time. Slide Show view fills the computer screen with your presentation so you can see how the presentation will appear to an audience. Saving your presentation If you are saving a document for the first time, you will need to use the Save As command; however, if you have already saved a presentation, you can use the Save command. To use the Save As command: Click the Microsoft Office button. Select Save As. A menu will appear. Select the type of file you want to save the presentation as. The two most commonly used file types are: PowerPoint Presentation: This saves the presentation as a 2007 PowerPoint file. Only users with PowerPoint 2007 or the compatibility pack can view the file without possibly losing some of the formatting. PowerPoint 97-2003 Presentation: This saves the presentation so it is compatible with some previous versions of PowerPoint. If you will be sending the presentation to someone who does not have Office 2007, you should use this file type.
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The Save As dialog box will appear. Select the location where you want to save the document using the drop-down menu.
Enter a name for the document. Click the Save button.
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To use the Save command: Click the Microsoft Office button. Select Save from the menu. Using the Save command saves the document in its current location using the same file name. Compatibility mode Sometimes you may need to work with presentations that were created in earlier versions of PowerPoint. When you open these types of presentations, they will appear in Compatibility mode. Compatibility mode disables certain features, so you'll only be able to access commands found in the program that was used to create the presentation. For example, if you open a presentation created in PowerPoint 2003, you can only use tabs and commands found in PowerPoint 2003.
If you want access to all of the PowerPoint 2007 features, you can save the presentation in the PowerPoint 2007 file format.
To exit Compatibility mode: Click the Microsoft Office button. Select Save As PowerPoint Presentation.
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Challenge!
Open PowerPoint. Insert text on the default title slide. Insert a Title and Content slide. Insert a Two Content slide. Practice moving slides. Copy the title slide. Delete one of the slides. Save the presentation.
Introduction
It's important to know how to perform basic tasks with text when working in PowerPoint. In this lesson, you will learn the basics of working with text, including how to insert, delete, select, and move text, as well as how to work with text boxes. In PowerPoint, you can insert text into placeholders or text boxes. Text in both can be formatted using the same commands.
To insert text: Click the placeholder or text box where you want to insert text. The insertion point will appear. If you are working with a placeholder, placeholder text will disappear. Type the text you want to appear.
To delete text: Place your cursor next to the text you want to delete. Press the Backspace key on your keyboard to delete text to the left of the cursor. Press the Delete key on your keyboard to delete text to the right of the cursor. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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To select text: Place the insertion point next to the text you want to select. Click and drag your mouse over the text to select it. Release the mouse button. You have selected the text. A highlighted box will appear over the selected text. When you select text or images in PowerPoint, a hover toolbar with formatting options appears. This makes formatting commands easily accessible, which can save you time. To format font size: Select the text you want to modify. Click the drop-down arrow next to the font size box on the Home tab. The font size drop-down menu appears. Move your cursor over the various font sizes. A live preview of the font size will appear in the document.
Click the font size you want to use. The font size will change in the document.
To format font style: Select the text you want to modify. Click the drop-down arrow next to the font style box on the Home tab. The font style drop-down menu appears. Move your cursor over the various font styles. A live preview of the font will appear in the document.
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Click the font style you want to use. The font style will change in the document.
To format font color: Select the text you want to modify. Click the drop-down arrow next to the font color box on the Home tab. The font color menu appears. Move your cursor over the various font colors. A live preview of the color will appear in the document.
Click the font color you want to use. The font color will change in the slide.
Your color choices aren't limited to the drop-down menu that appears. Select More Colors at the bottom of the list to access more color choices. To use the Bold, Italic, and Underline commands: Select the text you want to modify. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Click the Bold, Italic, or Underline command in the Font group on the Home tab.
Click the command again to remove the formatting.
Other font commands
Increase Font Size: Increases font size of selected text to the next standard font size Decrease Font Size: Decreases font size of selected text to the next standard font size Clear All Formatting: Removes recent formatting changes Strikethrough: Makes a line through text Text Shadow: Adds a drop shadow to text Change Case: Lets you try different capitalization options without having to delete and retype letters or words To change text alignment: Select the text you want to modify. Select one of the four alignment options from the Paragraph group on the Home tab. Align Text Left: Aligns selected text to the left margin YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Center: Aligns text an equal distance from the left and right margins Align Text Right: Aligns selected text to the right margin Justify: Lines up equally to the right and left margins
The alignment commands align text within the placeholder or text box where it is located rather than across the slide. Text boxes In addition to inserting text in placeholders, you can insert text into text boxes. Text boxes allow you to add to predefined layouts so you can place text wherever you want on a slide.
To insert a text box: Select the Insert tab on the Ribbon. Click the Text Box command in the Text group. Click and drag the cursor until the text box is the desired width.
Release the mouse button.
To move a text box: Click the text box. Your cursor becomes a cross with arrows on each end. While holding the mouse button, drag the text box to the desired location on the page. Release the mouse button. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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To resize a text box: Select the text box. Click one of the square sizing handles on the left or right sides, or a circular handle on one of the four corners. While holding down the mouse button, drag the sizing handle until the text box is the desired width.
Click and drag the green circle to rotate the text box. Moving text To copy and paste text: Select the text you want to copy. Click the Copy command on the Home tab. Place your insertion point where you want the text to appear. Click the Paste command on the Home tab. The text will appear.
To cut and paste text: Select the text you want to cut. Click the Cut command on the Home tab. Place your insertion point where you want the text to appear. Click the Paste command on the Home tab. The text will appear.
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To drag and drop text: Select the text you want to copy. Click your mouse and drag the text to the location where you want it to appear. The cursor will have a text box beneath it to indicate that you are moving text. Release the mouse button, and the text will appear. Challenge! Use the Workshop presentation or any other PowerPoint presentation you choose to complete this challenge.
Insert text on a slide. Practice using the Bold, Italic, and Underline commands. Change the font style of the title. Change the font size of the title. Change the color of the subtitle. Use the Change Case command on a slide title. Practice using the Increase Font Size and Decrease Font Size commands. Insert a text box, and add text.
Introduction
A theme is a predefined combination of colors, fonts, and effects that can be applied to your presentation. PowerPoint includes built-in themes that allow you to easily create professional-looking presentations without spending a lot of time formatting. Each theme has additional background styles associated with it that can be applied to the slides to modify the theme. In this lesson, you will learn how to apply a theme; how to modify theme colors, fonts, and effects; and how to apply a background style. Themes About themes A theme is automatically applied when you create a new presentation in PowerPoint, even though the slide background is white. This default theme is called the Office Theme. The Office Theme consists of a white background and Calibri font of various sizes for titles and body text. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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You can apply a different theme to your slides before adding text or making changes to the default slide. An advantage of doing this is that the location of the text will not move. If you apply the theme after entering text on the slides, the text boxes and placeholders may move, depending on the theme you choose. An advantage of entering some of your text before applying a new theme is that the live preview feature allows you to see how the themes will affect your specific text. The example below is the Aspect theme.
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Themes You will need to know how to apply a theme and switch to a different theme if you want to use this feature to create presentations. All of the themes that come included in PowerPoint are located in the Themes group on the Design tab.
To apply a theme: Select the Design tab. Locate the Themes group. Each image represents a theme.
Click the drop-down arrow to access more themes. Hover over a theme to see a live preview of it in the presentation. The name of the theme will appear as you hover over it.
Click a theme to apply it to the slides.
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You can access additional themes on Microsoft Office Online or create your own. Fonts that are changed with the font size and style menus will not change when you apply a new theme. Modifying themes You can also modify the current theme colors, fonts, and effects. For example, if you like the Urban theme but would prefer to use more red in your presentation, you can change the colors of the theme and create a new custom theme. If you would prefer to use the Verdana font style so your presentation font will match your company logo and materials, you can modify the font combination and save it. PowerPoint themes are powerful because they allow you to create professional-looking slides easily. The option to modify these themes makes it an even more robust and powerful tool because you can customize themes based on your needs and preferences.
To switch to a different theme color option: ď&#x201A;ˇ Select the Colors command in the Themes group on the Design tab.
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Hover over a color group to display a live preview of the color combination on the selected slide.
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Click a color option to select it.
To change the current theme colors: Select the Colors command in the Themes group on the Design tab. Click Create New Theme Colors from the menu. A dialog box will appear.
Click a color option to display a color menu. Choose a color to change the option.
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Enter a name for the new theme color combination. Click Save.
Modifying themes To switch to a different theme font option: Select the Fonts command in the Themes group on the Design tab.
Hover over a font group to display a live preview of the font combination on the selected slide.
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Click a font option to select it.
To change the current theme fonts: Select the Fonts command in the Themes group on the Design tab. Click Create New Theme Fonts. A dialog box will appear.
Select new fonts using the drop-down menus.
Enter a name for the new theme font combination. Click Save.
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To switch to a different theme effects option: ď&#x201A;ˇ Select the Effects command in the Themes group on the Design tab. A menu will appear.
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Select an effect option from the menu.
Background styles Background styles can be added to your slides after a theme is applied. The styles are fill variations based on theme colors. When you switch to a different theme, the background styles are updated based on the new theme colors. The background style options for the Urban theme are different from the background style options for the Apex theme. The colors are different based on the theme colors. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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To apply a background style: Click the Background Styles command in the Background group on the Design tab.
Click a style to select it. The new background will appear in the slides.
You can select Format Background from the menu to open a dialog box and make changes to the background color. Challenge! Use the Workshop presentation or any other PowerPoint presentation you choose to complete this challenge. Apply the Urban theme to your slides. Change at least one of the theme color options. Change to a new theme font.
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PowerPoint 2007
Pictures and Clip Art
On each slide you create in your presentation, you have information you want to communicate with the audience. You can do this with text and illustrations, such as pictures and clip art. In this lesson, you will learn how to insert a picture and clip art, as well as how to modify both types of illustrations. Inserting pictures Watch the video! (Part 1) (6:14min) (Part 2) (6:34min) Download the example to work along with the video. Pictures and clip art can be inserted from the Ribbon, as well as by using the commands that appear in certain placeholders. In both methods, the image is centered in the middle of any selected slide placeholders. To insert a picture from the Ribbon: ď&#x201A;ˇ ď&#x201A;ˇ
Select the Insert tab. Click the Insert Picture command in the Illustrations group. The Insert Picture dialog box will appear.
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Locate and select the picture you want to use.
Click Insert, and it will appear on the slide.
To insert a picture from a placeholder command: Click the Insert Picture command in the placeholder. The Insert Picture dialog box will appear.
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Locate and select the picture you want to use. Click Insert, and it will appear on the slide. Resizing and moving pictures
To resize a picture: Select the picture. Click one of the corner sizing handles. The cursor will turn into a cross.
While holding down the mouse button, drag the sizing handle until the image is the desired size. Release the mouse button.
The side sizing handles change the picture's size but don't keep the same proportions.
To move a picture: Click the picture. Your cursor becomes a cross with arrows on each end. While holding the mouse button, drag the image to the desired location on the page.
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Release the mouse button.
The green circle is the Free Rotate feature. Click and hold the mouse button, then rotate the picture in various directions. Modifying pictures PowerPoint provides you with several commands that allow you to modify pictures. When you select a picture, a Picture Tools Format tab appears on the Ribbon. This is an example of PowerPoint 2007 giving you the commands and features you need, when you need them.
To apply a picture style: Select the picture. Select the Format tab. Click the More drop-down arrow to display all the picture styles.
Hover over each picture style to see a live preview of the style on the slide. Click a picture style to apply it to the image.
To change the shape of a picture: Select the picture. Select the Format tab. Click the Picture Shape icon. A menu appears.
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Click a shape to select it. The shape of the picture will change on the slide.
To add a border to a picture: Select the picture. Select the Format tab. Click the Picture Border command, and select a color.
Select Weight from the menu, and choose a line weight to modify the width of the border line.
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Modifying images To crop a picture: Select the picture. Select the Format tab. Click the Crop command in the Size group. The black cropping handles appear.
Click and move a handle to crop an image. Corner handles will crop the picture proportionally.
Click the Crop command to deselect the crop tool.
You can crop the picture to a specific size using the Shape Height and Shape Width fields to the right of the Crop command in the Size group.
To compress a picture: Select the picture. Select the Format tab. Click the Compress Pictures command in the Adjust group. A dialog box appears.
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Click the Options button to access the Compression Setting dialog box.
Choose the target output. Change any of the default picture settings you want. Click OK in the Compression Settings dialog box. Click OK in the Compress Pictures dialog box.
Other picture tools There are many other things you can do to modify a picture. From the Format tab, other useful commands include:
Change Picture: Selects a new picture from your computer Reset Picture: Reverts to original picture Brightness: Adjusts the brightness of the picture Contrast: Adjusts the contrast of the picture from light to dark Recolor: Modifies the color in a variety of ways, including black and white, sepia, pink, and purple
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Inserting and modifying clip art
To insert a clip art from the Ribbon: Select the Insert tab. Click the Clip Art command in the Illustrations group. The Clip Art task pane will appear on the right.
Enter keywords in the Search field that are related to the image you want to insert. Click the drop-down arrow next to the collections field. Select Everywhere to make sure PowerPoint searches your computer and online resources for an image that meets your criteria.
Click the drop-down arrow in the media file types field. Deselect any file types you do not want to see. In this example, we only want photographs, so we'll deselect the other options.
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Click Go. A list of clip art images related to the search terms is displayed.
Click a clip art image to insert it, or click the drop-down arrow next to the clip art and select Insert from the menu. The clip art will appear in the slide.
To insert clip art from a placeholder command: Click the Clip Art command in the placeholder. The Clip Art task pane will appear on the right.
Enter keywords in the Search field that are related to the image you want to insert. Click the drop-down arrow next to the collections field. Select Everywhere to make sure PowerPoint searches your computer and online resources for an image that meets your criteria.
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Click the drop-down arrow in the media file types field. Deselect any file types you do not want to see. In this example, we only want photographs, so we'll deselect the other options. Click Go. A list of clip art images related to the search terms is displayed. Click a clip art image to insert it, or click the drop-down arrow next to the clip art and select Insert from the menu. The clip art will appear in the slide. If the search does not provide the needed results, try different search words, or click the Office Online link to go to the Microsoft website, where you can search thousands of clip art images.
Modifying clip art All of the tools that can be used to modify pictures can also be used to modify clip art images. Just select the clip art image, and you'll see the same editing options that are available for pictures. Challenge! Use the Workshop presentation or any other PowerPoint presentation you choose to complete this challenge.
Insert a picture. Apply a picture style. Insert clip art. Resize the images. Change the shape of the clip art. Crop the picture. Compress the picture.
Working with Lists
Bulleted and numbered lists can be used in your presentation to arrange and format text on slides to draw emphasis to specific information. Lists also can often be easier for the audience to read than paragraphs of text on a slide. In this lesson, you will learn how to modify existing bullets, change bullet style, switch to a numbered list, remove bullets and numbers, and select symbols as bullets.
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Working with lists Watch the video! (6:16min) Download the example to work along with the video. Some slide layouts include a content placeholder where you can add text or use graphical commands to insert tables, charts, SmartArt graphics, pictures, clip art, and media clips. On these slides, a bullet appears to the left of the placeholder text. If you choose to add text rather than use one of the graphical commands to insert an item, the text is formatted into a list by default.
To insert text as a list in a content placeholder: Select the placeholder. The placeholder text will disappear, and the insertion point will appear to the right of the bullet. Enter text. If the text requires more than one line, it will automatically wrap to the following line. Press the Enter key. A new bullet will appear on the following row. Repeat the last two steps until all information is entered in list format on the slide.
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The default bullet style and color is determined by the theme. The Urban theme has a different default bullet than the Apex theme. Using bulleted lists To select an alternate bullet style or switch to a bulleted list: Select all of the text in an existing list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets command in the Paragraph group on the Home tab. A menu of bullet options will appear.
Hover over each menu option to display a live preview of the bullet on the slide.
Click a bullet option to select it. The bullet will change on the slide.
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To change the bullet color: Select an existing bulleted list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear.
Click the Color menu on the Bulleted tab.
Select a color. The bullet options in the menu will change color. Click OK to apply the bullet color to the list in the slide.
Using bulleted lists To change the bullet size: Select an existing bulleted list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear. Set the bullet size using the Size field on the Bulleted tab.
Click OK to apply the bullet size to the list in the slide.
To use a picture as a bullet: Select an existing bulleted list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear. Click Picture on the Bulleted tab. The Picture Bullet dialog box will open.
Click a picture to select it.
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Click OK to apply the picture to the list in the slide. Click Import to import your own picture and use it as a bullet.
To use a symbol as a bullet: Select an existing bulleted list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Bullets command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear. Click Customize on the Bulleted tab. The Symbol dialog box will appear. Click the Font: drop-down menu and select a font category.
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Click a symbol to select it. Click OK. The symbol will now appear as the selected bullet option in the bulleted section of the Bullets and Numbering dialog box. Click OK to apply the symbol to the list in the document.
Using numbered lists
To select an alternate numbering style or switch to a numbered list: Select all of the text in an existing list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Numbering command in the Paragraph group on the Home tab. A menu of numbering options will appear.
Hover over each menu option to display a live preview of the list on the slide.
Click a numbering option to select it. The list will change on the slide.
To change the number color: Select an existing numbered list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Numbering command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
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Click the Color menu on the Numbered tab.
Select a color. The number options in the menu will change color. Click OK to apply the number color to the list in the slide.
Using numbered lists To change the number size: Select an existing numbered list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Numbering command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear. Set the bullet size using the Size field on the Numbered tab.
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Click OK to apply the number size to the list in the slide.
To set the number to begin the list: Select an existing numbered list (if text has been entered). Click the drop-down arrow next to the Numbering command on the Home tab. A menu will appear. Select Bullets and Numbering from the menu. A dialog box will appear. Enter the number to start the list in the Start at: field on the Numbered tab.
Click OK to apply to the list on the slide.
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To remove bulleted or numbered lists from text: Select an existing bulleted or numbered list. Click the Bullets command or the Numbering command, depending on the type of list. Click these commands to toggle the feature on and off. Challenge! Use the Workshop presentation or any other PowerPoint presentation you choose to complete this challenge. Insert a bulleted list on a slide. Change the bullets to numbers. Change the color of the numbered list. Insert a new bulleted list on a different slide. Change the default bullet to a different bullet style. Change the bullet color.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sehgal, N. (2003), Let‘s LOG IN .Tech is Easy! Manila, Philippines. C&E Publishing Inc. GCF LearnFree.org.(2015).Retrieved February 26,2015 from http://www.gcflearnfree.org/powerpoint2007 GCF LearnFree.org.(2015).Retrieved fromhttp://www.gcflearnfree.org/excel2010
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