YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 1
MUSIC LESSON 1 THE MUSIC OF THE FILIPINOS *The Filipino is well-endowed with a natural gift for music. Filipino music is the product of diverse cultural influences- ASIAN, EUROPEAN, and AMERICAN. It gradually developed as waves of foreigners came one after another influencing Filipino culture and tradition. But long before the coming of the foreigners, the early natives of the Philippines already had their own music. Many of these songs are still sung today by the different indigenous people around the country. *Classification of Songs 1.ARTSONG – kind of song that answers the requirements of the arts and the musical. 2.BALLAD – derived from the word ballata, meaning a song with dance. 3.FOLKSONG – a song of the people, consisting of simple melodic, harmonic, and metric Basics. 4.NATIONAL SONG – a song that belongs to the nation. 5.PLAIN SONG – vocal music based on poetic meter rather than musical meter. 6.POPULAR SONG – a song of the people usually written by a layman. 7.STROPHIC SONG – a folk or art song which is made up of two or more stanzas, each set to an identical tune. 8.NON-STROPHIC SONG – a song in which the melody changes according to the thought of each verse. *Filipino folk songs -Western countries have folk song and folk dances. The people‟s different activities are reflected in Filipino folk songs. Native songs include love songs, planting songs, working songs, wedding songs, war songs, and funeral songs, which were handed from generation to generation. *Types of Filipino folk songs; KUNDIMA – sung by a man to the accompaniment of a guitar when serenading at night. It is fervent plea for a woman‟s love. BALITAW – a visayan folk song. A song and dance common among the tagalog and visayans. DIUNA – a domestic song, sung at work. PAMULINAWEN – Ilocano folk song which is sung and danced at the same time. The word pamulinawen means flirt. SARONG BANGGI – a song from Bicol which means „ISANG GABI‟. KUMINTANG – an ancient native dance and melody of the Christian Filipinos in tagalong area. It is believed to have begun as a war song and later became a courtship song. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 2
*Other native songs are; SULIRANIN – a sad monotonous song travelers sing when the weather is hot. HILA-HILA – a dramatic song, sung when paddling a banca. OYAYI – sung during interments or when one is sad. TAGUMPAY – a victory song to commemorate a battle won or to honor the victors. TIKLOS – a native peasant dance of Leyte. DALIT – a prayer song. DUNG-AW – a death chant of Ilocanos. DANDANSOY – a Visayan folk song. *ACTIVITY Solve the word puzzle. Note: pls. put a puzzle on it… 1. Have markedly influenced the musical expression of the fillipinos. 2. A Visayan folk song. 3. A dramatic song sung when paddling a banca. 4. An ancient native dance and melody of the Christian Filipinos in the tagalong area. 5. A domestic song, sung at work. 6. A folk or art song which is made up of two or more stanzas, each set to an identical tune. 7. Means Isang Gabi 8. Emphasized rhythm more than melody, substance rather than form. 9. A song sung during interments or when one is sad. 10. A song which is fervent plea for woman‟s love. 11. A traditional Ilocano folk song. 12. A visayan folk song. LESSON 2 IFUGAO AND NEGRITO MUSIC
The Ifugaos loved music and dancing. Considered the most politically and artistically sophisticated people, the Ifugaos are the builders of the famous rice terraces. Among the tribal groups, the Ifugaos treat and respect their women. To accompany their music and dance, the Ifugaos used the gansa, or bass gong, their most common musical instrument. Caṅao is a ceremonious occasion for the dead with the Ifugaos dancing, drinking of bubud or fermented rice, butchering of pigs, and rendering speeches. Centuries ago, the Ifugaos wrote the HUDHUD TALES, outstanding primitive literature.
NEGRITO MUSIC The Aetas, Agtas, Aytas or Dumagats are the Negrito groups of Luzon. The mountains of Luzon, Palawan, Panay Negros and some other islands are inhabited by Negritos. Music and dancing are the Negritos chief amusements. The five tone or pentatonic scale is used by the Negritos of Zambales. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 3
DU-NU-RA was a love song with long verse TALBUN was a song sung on festive occasions or where there are visitors. DARUDURU a song of negritos, a work song.
ACTIVITY: Form groups. Dramatize the caṅao festival of the Ifugaos. Be creative
LESSON 3 THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE CORDILLERA HIGHLANDS The musical instruments of the ifugaos and negritos and other indigenous ethnic groups are classified as chordophones, aerophones, idiophones, and membranophones. These musical instrument were intended to produce dreadful noises to call on magical powers. CHORDOPHONES (Stringed instruments) – sounded by friction, strumming, or plucking. BUTTING – musical instrument of Negritos of Zambales. Made of bamboo formed into a bow and is one meter long attaching a string from one end to another. LITGUIT – musical instrument of the Negritos of Tapaz, Capiz on the Island of Panay. It is played with a bow which is a little longer than the violin itself. GURIMBAW – musical instrument of the Negritos of Quezon. Played by holding the bow in one hand and rubbing the strings with a stick like violin. PAS-ING – an Apayao guitar made of bamboo. Played by picking the cords with the fingers or striking with a stick. KABUNGBUNG – musical instrument of the negritos of bataan. Made of single section of bamboo with a node at each end. BAMBOO VIOLIN – three stringed violin of negritos.
AEROPHONES ( wind instrument) – are sounded by blowing. HUPIP or hupeep – musical instrument of the igorots. BANSIK – musical instrument of the negritos of zambales. A flute made from baito, a kind of bamboo. KULIBAW – musical instrument of the aetas , it needs the player‟s mouth as resonator. DIWDIW-AS – musical instrument of the tinguians of Abra, played by blowing these reeds while moving them in a manner of playing a harmonica. BALINGBING – mostly played by the Apayaos, played by pressing one nosetril against the hole and blowing wind through it. IDIOPHONES (percussion instrument) sounded by hitting, beating, or shaking. GANSA or the gangha – musical instrument of the ifugaos. Two types of gansa : koogan and kalos. BIKKUNG – is a musical instrument of Ifugaos. It is commonly used for entertainment and courtship.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 4
KALUTANG – popular among Southern Tagalogs. Played by striking one against the other. BUNKAKA or bilbil – common in Igorots., played by sriking the splitted end against one‟s palm. MEMBRANOPHONES ( drum instrument ) SULIBAW – instrument from Igorots, played by striking the palms of the hands against the tight fitting skin diaphragm. TALIBUG – instrument of Aetas of Zambales also called libbit in Ifugaos. Played by hands or by the use of two sticks. LUDAG – an Apayao drum, 20 cm long, 30 cm. diameter.
ACTIVITY: Write on the blanks C for chardophones, A for aerophones, I for idiophones, and M for membranophones. _________1.Gansa ________10.Diwdiw-as _________2.sulibaw ________11.Bunkaka _________3.butting _______12.pas-sing _________4. Kulibaw _______13.hupip _________5.talibung _______14.kalutang _________6.litguit _______15.kabungbung _________7.bansik _______16.balinging _________8.bikkung _______17.Bamboo violin _________9.gurimbaw _______18.ludag
LESSON 4 MUSIC OF MINDANAO The coastal and lowland areas of western Mindanao are homes of the Islamic cultures. Folk culture and court music dating back in the 10th century or even much earlier are integrated in the musical traditions of pre- Islamic culture. The Maguindanao, Maranao, and the Tausug are the three classic traditions of Mindanao. The maguindanao kulintang ensemble is called palabunibunyan, meaning an ensemble of loud- sounding instruments. It is made of the kulintang, agung, dabakan, gandingan, and babendil The Maranao kulintang ensemble is called pangkat kulintang. It is made up of the agong, babendil, dabakan, and kulintang. The Tausug kulintang ensemble is called pangkat kulintangan. It is made up of the duahan, gandang, kulintang, and tungagalan. The kudyapi, and karaga are the chordophones. The sahunay, and kinapaw are the aerophones. The kulintang, gabbang, bunkaka or bilbil, agong, gandingan, and babendil, are the idiophones. The dabakan, neguet, sulibaw, and tugo are the membranophones. The binalig, sinulog, tidtu, and tagunggo are the rhythmic modes of maguindanao. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 5
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: 1.Where is the home of Islamic culture? 2.What changed the fundamental Islamic view which frowns on music? 3.How is the babendil played? ACTIVITY: Fill in the chart with the musical instruments each ensemble consists of: MAGUINDANAO MARANAO TAUSUG
UNIT II LESSON 1 MUSIC OF MINDORO Mindoro has seven ethno-linguistic groups. It is an island which is twenty miles away from the tip of southern Luzon. The Buhid tribe is in the north and the Alangan tribe is in the farther north. Hanunoo Mangyans is the name the Mangyans living in the southern part of Mindoro called themselves. The Ambahan is engraved on a luka (bamboo tube) in the Indio- derived script of the Mangyans. The lullaby (iyayi), ritual chanting (ngayung) and song poems (ambalan) are prominent among the vocal music type of the Mangyans. The gitgit, kudling, kinaban, suling, and batiwtiw are Mangyan instruments. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. What ethno – linguistic group comes to mind upon the mention of the island of Mindoro? 2. What is the Ambahan? 3. What are the three types of Mangyan vocal music? 4. Enumerate and describe the Mangyan instruments? ACTIVITY: Referring to the example of the Ambahan in the lesson, answer the following: 1. number of syllables per line 2. the theme 3. common rhyme
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 6
LESSON 2 THE MUSIC OF THE VISAYAS Panay is an island lying in the southeast of Mindoro in the region of the Visayas. It is rich in the folklore and folk songs. Aklanon, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), and Kiniray – a are Panay‟s principal languages. Two small ethno- linguistic groups – the Ati and the Sulod – comprised the indigenous music cultures of the Visayas area. The Ati and the Sulod are located in Iloilo. The employment of repetition in the form of rhyme, rhythm, and meter is the distinct feature of the epic Hinilawod. The epic Hinilawod has 53,000 lines. The Atis are the Negritos of Panay and the Magahats are the Negritos of Negros. The binaros, kalooye, kay ponso, kinasag, dinaklap, hinaplos, pontino, and sinology are the vocal forms of the negritos in the Visayas. The buktot and litguit are Visayan chordophones. The pasiyok, lantoy, and tulali are Visayan aerophones. The agong is a Visayan idiophone. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1.Which of the two ethnic groups – the Ati and the Sulod – has a unique epic tradition? 2. Where do the Negritos in the Visayas live? 3. Describe the Ati – Atihan. ACTIVITY: Write C for chordophone, A for aerophone, and I for musical instruments. _______1.buktot _______2.agong _______3.tulali
idiophone for the following Visayan _______4.pasiyok _______5.litguit _______6.lantoy
LESSON 3 THE MUSIC OF PALAWAN The island of Palawan is in the western and southwestern parts of the Philippines. It is the fifth largest island of the country, with an area approximately measuring 4,549 square miles. The inhabitants of Palawan in the southern part are the palawans; the Tagbanuas in the central part of Aborlan and in the northern part of the Cuyo. The Aetas and the Bataks live in the wilderness of the north between Roxas and Puerto Prinsesa. The Cuyunons have resided in Palawan for many years. The music and poems of the people of Palawan are influenced by their interest in the sounds of their environment. The Palawan scale is based on two Asian scales- the bagit scale and the kulilal scale. The Tagbanuas, Bataks, and Cuyunons are the tribal groups of Palawan.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 7
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Why is Palawan called the “Last Frontier”? 2. What influences the music and poems of the people Palawan? 3. Differentiate the Bagit scale and Kulilal scale? 4. What does Cuyunon folk music depict?
ACTIVITY: SIMILARITIES/DIFFERENCES GROUPS
VOCAL FORMS
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS STYLE
UNIT III LESSON 1 THE MUSIC HISTORY OF CHINA Perhaps the oldest music of the world is Chinese music. The book of rituals entitled Li Chi (Collections of Rituals) in the second century B.C and the book called Ch‟un Ch‟iu (Spring and Autumn Annals ) and Shu Ching (Classic of History) provide the earliest records of Chinese music. Music has practical use in the lives of the Chinese: in teaching , in giving guidelines for behavior in society, and in giving power to the government. But the most important function of music is to arrive at an agreement and cooperation in society. There are three major periods in the division of Chinese music history: the Ancient Period (Neolithic to 246 BC) the Middle Ancient Period (246 BC to AD 907), and the late Historical period (AD 907 to 1911). The eight categories of musical instruments according to the materials they were made that existed in the Middle of the third century BC were stone, metal, gourd, bamboo, pottery, silk (strings), leather, and wood. Three divisions of music that were recognized during the middle ancient period are ritual music (ya-yuen) secular music (su-yuen) and regional or folk music (known by various names.) The Late Historical period featured three major developments in Chinese music; (1) the revival of Confucian musicology after the H‟ang dynasty; (2) the rise of musical dramas; and (3) the popularization of regional dramas.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 8
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Prove that Chinese music is the oldest music of the world. 2. What is the practical use of music in the lives of the Chinese? 3. What dictates each musical category during the ancient period? 4. Give proof of the popularity of musical entertainment during the Middle Ancient Period . 5. When did the Chinese musical dramas begin? When did it rise to great literary heights? ACTIVITY: Identify the major period each development in Chinese music history occurred. Use the following codes to write the answers on the blanks: AP – Ancient Period MAP – Middle Ancient Period LHP – Late Historical Period ________ 1.Chinese musical dramas. ________2.The establishments of a ministry of music. ________3.Classification of musical instruments according to the materials they were made. ________4.Standard pitch observed in court music. ________5.Existence of the Peking opera. ________6.Chinese musical life portrayed in historical records, graphic arts, and archaeological specimens. ________ 7.The revival of Confucian musicology after the T‟ang dynasty. _________8.Recognition of the three divisions of music _________9.Tuned sets of bronze bells (pien chung) found in Chou dynasty sites _________10.The popularization of regional dramas
LESSON 2 THE MUSIC OF CHINA Wu-Sheng is the term for the Chinese musicale scale or pentatonic scale composed of five tones. Each scale is degree has Chinese names. These Chinese names refer to positions in the musical scale rather than specific pitches. The other two tones are used as pien or changing tones. Chinese names for the five tones are kung, shang, chiao, chih, and yu. Ya-Yueh is the term used to describe the music played in Chinese courts some 2,000 years ago. The two types of Ya- Yueh are the Yueh – Hsuan (chime music) and T‟ang – ko (chamber song) The two types of Ya- Yueh are the Yueh – Hsuan (chime music) and T‟ang – ko (chamber song). Yueh – Hsuan is a group of instruments played in the garden where ceremonies and rituals are celebrated. Wen –Wu is a civilian dance and Wu – Wu is a soldier‟s dance . T‟ang – ko is music played inside a building. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 9
The Peking Opera is a traditional Chinese opera which was believed to have begun in 1790 on the 80th birthday of the King Chian Lung. Modern arrangements of traditional Chinese music have two features that are immediately noticeable: the incorporation of Western techniques in composition like sequential motifs, bass lines, counterpoint, and triadic arpeggios.
ACTIVITY: Identify. Write the answers on the blanks. ____________1. Changing tones ____________2. Term used to describe the music played in Chinese courts some 2000 years ago. ____________3. A civilian dance ____________4. Traditional Chinese opera ____________5. Chime music ____________6. A soldier‟s dance ____________7. Yellow bell ____________8. Chamber song ____________9. A group instruments played in a garden ____________10. Music played inside a building __________11. __________12. __________13. Chinese names of musical scale __________14. __________15. __________16. Instruments in the Peking Opera to keep time __________17. __________18. Two types of instrumental music used in the Peking Opera __________19. __________20. Two types of Ya-Yueh __________21. __________22. Scale composed of five tones __________23. Composition of the Peking Opera __________24. __________25. One of the most famous Peking Opera.
LESSON 3 THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF CHINA The early Chinese believed that music and the forces of nature are interrelated. The instruments used in the Ya-Yueh are made of metal, stone, wood, earth, mud, skin, gourd, and string. The p’ipa san hsien, chin,yueh ch’in, erh-hu, and cheng are the Chinese chordophones. The sheng, titzu, shiao or Hsiao, and la-pa are Chinese aerophones. The gong, clapper, pa, lo, yun-lo, and pang are Chinese idiophones. The chan-ku and pan- ku are Chinese membranophones.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 10
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Prove that the Chinese believed that music and the forces of nature are interrelated. 2. Which among the Chinese musical instruments duplicates vocal parts? 3. Which among the Chinese musical instruments is difficult to play? ACTIVITY: Write on the blanks the classifications of the Chinese musical instruments. Use the following codes: C for chordophones, A for aerophones, I for idiophones, and M for membranophones. _____1. San hsien _____10. Erh-hu _____2. Chin _____11. Clapper _____3. Titzu _____12. Lo _____4. Gong _____13. La-pa _____5. Chan-ku _____14. Yueh-ch‟in _____6. Pan-ko _____15. Shiao _____7. P‟ipa _____16. Pa _____8. Cheng _____17. Yun-lo _____9. Sheng _____18. Pang
LESSON 4 THE MUSIC OF KOREA The rich musical tradition of korea and its distinctive music were tremendously influenced by Chinese music. Tang-ak is a koreanized-chinese music. There are two kinds of Korean traditional music; chong-ak, the music for the elite or ruling class and sog-ak, the music for the common or ordinary people. The term chong-ak is derived from the word chong-dae meaning peace. A-ak, tang-ak, and hyang-ak are the three important terms in chong-ak. A-ak and chong-ak may be used interchangeably. Included here are the tang-ak, hyangak, and Confucian ritual music. A-ak refers to ritual temple music. Tang-ak refers to the secular music of both the Chinese t’ang and sung dynasties. Hyang-ak simply means native Korean music. A subcategory of chong-ak is court music. Court music is of three types; ritual, banquet, and military music. Confucian music and royal shrine music compose ritual music. Music for courtly banquets is called banquet music There are two kinds of chong-ak; a-ak which is a court song and min’gan chongak which is sung outside of the court. The vocal forms of the chong-ak are the kasa, kagok, and sijo. The sijo is an indigenous Korean popular song. The p’ungnyu is the most sophisticated Korean lyric song genre. The sog-ak is a kind of traditional Korean music that is popular among the ordinary people. It was originally sung by fishermen and farmers. Included in the sog-ak are the shaman music of Buddhism , nong-ak (farmer‟s song), p’ansori (song for the stage) , ninjo (a folk song), and sanjo (song for solo instrument). The ninjo is a sog-ak sung by the ordinary people of korea. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 11
The four rhythmic characteristics of Korean music are: (1) rhythm with one type of length for all tunes; (2) irregular rhythm and time signature and tune; (3) changdan or regular rhythm; and (4) free rhythm. Three modes of Korean music are; (1) pyongjo; (2) kyemyonjo; and (3) mode found in the northwest of the country. Pyongjo has five tones. Changdan is regular rhythm.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Give proof of the existence of Korean music. 2. Describe Korean music during the reign of king Sejong. 3. Give the definitions of chong-ak. 4. Describe the sijo. 5. Differentiate sog-ak from chong-ak. 6. Enumerate the four rhythmic characteristics of Korean. ACTIVITY: Study and sing this Korean version of “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star.” Interpret the movements in this song Koltak! Koltak! A Korean folk song. Note: pls just indicate the musical lyric of “ koltak! Koltak!” on page 104 DEVELOPING MIND AND BODY THROUGH MAPEH II.
LESSON 5 THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF KOREA Korean music remains distinct from the music of its Asian neighbors. It is characterized by abundant rhythms and melodic inventiveness that leave a performer varied choices. Korean musicians can demonstrate their virtuosity and free expression to play their native instruments. There are approximately sixty traditional Korean musical instruments that have been handed down through generations. Korean instruments are composed of chardophones (strings), aerophones (wind), idiophones (percussion), and membranophones (those with membranes). Based on functions, Korean instrument can be further divided into folk; T’ang (of Chinese origin), and court instruments. The kayagum, komun’go, ajaeng, and haegum are chordophones (string instruments). The kayagum and komun’go are folk instruments, while the ajaeng and haegum are T’ang instruments. The taegum, p’iri, chottdae, sogum, saeng, and so are aerophones (wind instruments). The taegum and p’iri are folk instrument while the chotdae, sogum, saeng, and so are T’ang instruments. The ching, kkwaenggari, and pak are idiophones (percussion instruments). The ching and kwaenggari are folk instruments while the pak is a T’ang instruments. The changgo is a Korean membranophone (instruments with membrane). It is a T’ang instrument. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 12
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Characterize Korean music. 2. Classify Korean musical instruments. 3. What are the folk instruments of korea? 4. How does the chottdae differ from the sogum? 5.What is a changgo? ACTIVITY: Write on the blank the classification of the following Korean instruments. Write only the codes – C for chordophones, A for aerophones, I for idiophone, and M for membranophone. _____ 1. Komongu _____ 8. P‟iri _____ 2. So _____9. Kkwaenggari _____3. Pak _____ 10. Saeng _____4. Ching _____11. Ajaeng _____5. Kayagun _____12. Taegum _____6. Changgo _____13. Haegum _____7. sogum
UNIT IV THE MUSIC OF JAPAN LESSON I THE NATURE OF JAPANESE MUSIC Old writings proved the richness of folk songs and poetry in Japan. Different aspect of Japanese life are depicted in their poems and songs. Happiness, love, sorrow, fear, and other emotions are expressed in Japanese poems and songs. Ballads and narrative poetry narrate exploits of brave Japanese heroes. The varying historical changes in Japanese society dictated the musical style of the times. Shokuyashiki (house of profession) is a social system which protects blind persons who play the Japanese musical instruments biwa and koto. “Lemoto” is the chief of each school of musician. His role is to control the political and economic conditions of Japanese society and even the art style of the period. Japanese folk music is of ancient origin, existing primarily in the forms of religious festival music, work songs, and dance accompaniments. The accompaniment used in older folk songs is hand clapping, but the latter folk songs use drums, flutes, and lutes as accompaniments. Kagura (“god music”) is the term for the music of Shinto which is used on formal occasions at shrines or imperial functions and at Shinto folk festival. Buddhist music and court orchestral music are two traditions from Japan‟s ancient times of Chinese origin. Classic Buddhist chanting is called shomyo. Hogaku is what authentic Japanese music is called, based on the old Chinese music and Buddhism.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 13
Gagaku (court music) literally means elegant, appropriate, and refined music. It refers to the music of Narra that is performed in the beautiful palaces of kings. It is the oldest surviving Japanase music. Instrumental ensemble (kangen), dance and song music (bugaku), songs and ritual music for Shinto ceremonies are the four categories of gagaku. The most popular form of traditional Japanese drama is kabuki. Judaismono and Sewamono are the two types of kabuki. The old kabuki was accompanied by an ensemble called noh-hayashi, consisting of a flute and three drums. O-daiko is a big drum which was the musical instrument added to the kabuki placed in the tower of theater. It was where kabuki was shown. The shamisen is the other instrument added to the kabuki. The chobo is similar to the choir in Greek plays. The gidayu is the singer in the chobo. Dehayashi is kabuki music played inside the theater while Geza is music played outside the theater. Noh is a theatrical art, its music considered one of the most important genres of Japanese traditional music. Hayashi is the term for the entire instrumental ensemble of the Noh. The nokau (flute) signals the Noh’s formal divisions. The taiko drums signal variations in tempo in Noh music. The concepts of Zen and Buddhism are the bases of the Noh. Jo-ha-kyu is a form of Noh. Jo is the beginning part. Ha is the narration part of the Noh. Kyu is the closing part. The Noh’s basic concept is retained movement and feeling. The shite is the principal character in the Noh.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION 1. What dictated the musical style of the times? 2. What is the lemoto’s role? 3. What is the ji-ha-kyu? 4. What did the Chinese bring to Japan? 5. Compare the gagaku of the Narra period to the Gagaku of the present time. 6. Differentiate dehayashi and Geya? 7. What provides the texture of kabuki music? 8. What is the important characteristic of Noh music? 9. How is the Noh different from the opera? 10. What is the bases of the Noh theater? ACTIVITY: Compare and contrast Gagaku, Kabuki, and Noh. Fill in the chart with their characteristics. GAGAKU KABUKI NOH
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 14
LESSON 3 THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF JAPAN Japanese instrument are classified as chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments, idiophones(percussion instruments), and membranophones (drums). Chinese tradition considerably influenced Japanese music. The koto, shamisen and biwa are chordophones. The shakuhachi, shinobue, hichikiri, sho and reguteki are aerophones. The shoko is an odiophones The ko-tsuzumi, o-daiko, kakko, taiko, and da-daiko are membranophones. The sokyoku is the music for koto. The gagaku consists of aerophones (ryuteki, hichikiri, and sho) an idiophones (shoko), membranophones (kakko & taiko) and chordophones (koto & biwa). The noh-hayashi is the ensemble composed of a flute and three drums. Later, the o-daiko and shamisen were added. The melodic instruments of the Gega were the shamisen, and noh, and bamboo flute. The musical ensemble that accompanies the Noh play is composed of o-tsuzumi, ko-tsuzumi, plawta, and taiko. The kumiuta, the music for the koto and shamisen, are suites of short, unrelated songs. The danmono is the wholly instrumental form of koto music. The jiuta is koto music that is combined instrumental and vocal forms. One of three kotos are used in instrumental interludes, often, supplemented by a shamisen and shakuhachi. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. Where are the Japanese instruments played today? 2. Give the significance of playing the koto in Japan? 3. What is the determinant factor in the size of the shamisen to be played? 4. Who is the player of the kakko? 5. What consists the gagaku orchestras? ACTIVITY: Fill in the boxes with the names of different Japanese instruments being described and some Japanese terms.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 15
1. an end –blown flute 2. small gong 3. a big drum played by sriking the hands on the membrane 4. an aerophone used in the kangen of the gagaku 5. a cylindrical lobe of western asian origin made of bamboo with seven front finger holes and two rear thumbholes 6. a small barrel-shaped drum with two protruding deerskin heads mounted on hoops and laced to each other 7. a pear-shaped plucked lute which has four strings and four frets 8. a seven-hole wind instruments used in Shinto festival music, in the NagaUta ensemble, and as accompaniment for dances and folk songs. 9. a very popular Japanese instrument 10. a chordophone with refined sound 11. a free-reed mouth pipe organ consisting of 17 bamboo pipes inserted in a a globular wind chest with a mouth hole 12. a two nailed barrel drum 13. an hour glass-shaped laced hand drum 14. a big drum used on very special occasions. 15. slightly larger than the kotsuzumi 16. koto music that is combined instrumental and vocal forms 17. the music for koto 18. ensemble composed of a flute and three drums 19. the music for the koto and shamisen 20. the wholly instrumental form of koto music LESSON 3 THE JAPANESE TONAL SYSTEM Japanese music could be of any forms: binary (AB), ternary (ABA), and sometimes, having three different sections (ABC) A Japanese song may have two or four beats to a measure or duple rhythm. If the Japanese music has triple rhythm, it is usually in triplets and not in 3/4 or 3/8. The musical note scale of Japan resembles that of the European in that they contain seven tones in one octave, scale, although the arrangement of the tones is different. Six modes or scales of Chinese origin are used in Gagaku music. Meters used in gagaku music are basically duple. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 16
Samisen music developed in the merchant‟s society in the 17th century through the early half of the 19th century. There are two types of Samisen music; utainomo, lyric pieces for home entertainment; and theatrical music for kabuki and puppet plays. Japanese music differs from Western music in its unique rhythm and sound. Japanese music is based on two modes: yo-sen (hard mode) and in-sen (soft mode) The note that is given emphasis is the second and fourth tones of the mode. Comparing the two scales, the five tones that are commonly used are la, ti, do, mi, fa. Ko-uta and naga-uta are Japanese songs. Ko-uta literally meaning “small song” is the term given to modern short songs including folk songs. Naga-uta literally meaning “ long song” in it‟s represent from can be divided into three classes: (1) vocal compositions which focuses on melody: (2) dance compositions; and (3) dramatic compositions which explains to the audience the play‟s story. Suzuki shin’ichi and Takemitsu Toru are two notable Japanese composers. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION 1. How does the note scale of Japan resemble that of the Europeans? 2. What note is given emphasis in a Japanese scale? 3. What five tones are commonly used in the two Japanese scales? 4. To which mode is the second of pentatonic scale similar to? 5. Differentiate ko-uta and Naga-uta. 6. Describe modern Japanese music. ACTIVITY: Identify. Fill in the missing letters to complete the world being describe. 1. __ __ __ __ __ e – rhythm of Japanese music 2. __ __ __ e __- hard note 3. __ __ __ __ - __ __ a – long song 4. __ __ __ __ e __ - meter used in gagaku music 5. __ __ - __ e __ - soft mode 6. __ __ - __ __ a – small song 7. __ __ a __ __ __ __ __ - lyric pieces for home entertainment 8. __ __ __ i __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ e __ - two remaining tones 9.__ a __ __ __ __ __ - music that developed in the merchants society in the 17th century through the early half of the 19th century. 10. __ __ __ a __ __ __ __ a __ - musical for the kabuki and puppet plas.
ARTS UNIT I ART AND ASIAN CULTURE LESSON 1 ASIAN SOCIETIES‟ CULTURE AND ARTS Indian civilization developed in the Indus river valley at the same time that Mesopotamia and Egypt were flourishing in the Middle East. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 17
The cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harrapa were proofs of the early civilizations of India. Asia has a variety of natural resources unequaled by the other continents. A proof that civilization began in Asia first was its way ahead of the west in economic, cultural, and scientific development during ancient and medieval times. The family is the center of life among Asians. Buildings, seats of governments, are of equal importance as the temples, stupas, and churches. Rough cut diamonds are imported by the India and the finished products are imported. Since it modernized its industry, Japan became a world leader in industrial production and a major exported of manufactured goods. Even if India and china have huge factories and are manufacturers of a variety of goods, many of their items are still imported and both countries have a low standard of living.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION 1. What are proofs of the early civilization of India? 2. What does Asia have that is unequaled by the other continents? 3. Prove that civilization began in Asia first? 4. What vital role does religion play in the Asian‟s life? 5. Why does India and China have a low standard of living inspite of being manufacturersof variety of goods and having huge factories? ACTIVITY: Enumerate. A. Asian inventions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. Religious which originated in Asia 6. 7. 8. 9. C. Two countries which consider Buddhism as an important religion 10. 11. D. Two distinct cultural Asian countries from which subsequent developments in Asian arts were derived. 12. 13. E. Asian inventions YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 18
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. F. Two great civilizations flourishing in the Middle East 19. 20. LESSON 2 EXPRESSIONS IN THE ARTS OF ASIA The early people of India exhibited their expertise in urban planning as early as 2500 B. C. in the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Indian literature ranks among the greatest achievement in world literature. Even before Christ‟s time, India art reached high levels with different forms and styles emerging in all parts of India. Even before history was written, Chinese art had already existed. Chung Kuo (means middle country) is the term given by the ancient Chinese to their country. The highest development of Chinese art occurred during the Han, T‟ang, Sung, and Ming dynasties. Much of Japan‟s rich literary heritage deals with the never-ending flow of time and human life‟s fleeting quality. The influenced of Chinese art and the teachings of Buddhism and Confucianism were the factors in the development of early Korean art. One of the most popular forms of entertainment in Korea today is motion pictures. Early Indonesian literature was highly developed in regional languages particularly Javanese. Wannakhadi and Wannakan were the two groups of Thai literature. The various art styles and art forms in the Philippines were influenced by the expertise of Chinese artisans and European architecture.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. How did the early people of India exhibit their expertise in urban planning? 2. What influence did the Indo-Aryans leave on the people of India? 3. Describe India‟s art before Christ‟s time. 4. What consists Japan‟s rich literary heritage? 5. What are the functions of Japan‟s bell-shaped bronze objects? 6. What were the factors in the developments of early Korean art? ACTIVITY: Write on the blanks true or false. _____1. The Philippines is the only Asian country that did not embrace Buddhism and Hinduism. _____2. The 1930s ushered modern literature in Indonesia YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 19
_____3. The Japanese were unable to preserve their distinctive quality of art. _____4. Even before history was written, Chinese art had already existed. _____5. Old Japanese customs flourished only in the countrysides. _____6. Modern art had influenced only Korea‟s visual arts. _____7. Indonesians carved seated wooden figures to symbolize their gods . _____8. Hinduism had a strong influence in Thai art. _____9. The first metal brought to Japan was bronze. _____10. Indian art has reached high levels with different forms and styles emerging in all parts of India only after Christ‟s time. LESSON 3 RELATIONSHIP OF ASIAN ARTWORKS History, culture and aesthetics, as well as the influenced of a foreign culture to the existing culture are the factors to consider in determining the relationships of Asian artworks. Diffusion is the borrowing and spread of culture traits and pattern from one society to another. Acculturation is brought about by prolonged contact between two societies and the adoption of cultural traits and patterns by the other. Assimilation is the adoption of the culture of a society by a group which migrated and the disappearance of a minority group. China and India had sophisticated cultures for more than 2000 years long before Europe. Japan, Korea, and some Southeast Asian countries have developed their own high civilizations in the arts, literature, and philosophy. Asian languages are written with symbols which differ much from the western alphabet. Chinese and Indian are seen in precolonial southeast Asian art. The Arabs have developed an art style called Islamic art. Sanskirt is the oldest written languages among the ancestors of modern European languages. All religious are towards unity, peace, righteous being and the belief in the Supreme Being. The central point, upon which many of the popular entertainment are based, are Oriental dance dramas performed from India eastward. The mudras are the gestural languages of Indian dances. The once-strong connections existing between Thailand and India is seen in the khon, a dance –drama which is the oldest Thai native from of theater. The Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana are the bases of the traditions and dance language and themes of Java, Indonesia. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. How can you determine the relationships of Asian artworks? 2. Differentiate: a. diffusion b. Acculturation c. assimilation 3.How do Asian languages differ from the Western alphabet? 4. What are the similarities of religion? YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 20
5. What is the central point upon which many of the popular entertainments are based? ACTIVITY: Identify. Write on the blanks the term being described. ________1. Cultural traits and parents borrowed from each other which tend to spread from the society in which these originated ________2. The gestural language of Indian dances ________3. The oldest written language among the ancestors of modern European languages ________4. Brought about by prolonged contact between two societies ________5. Used in writing Asian languages ________6. An art style developed by the Arabs ________7. Resulted in the disappearance of a minority group. ________8. The oldest Thai native theater ________9. The bases of the traditions and dance language and themes of Java, Indonesia ________10. Used in writing Japanese, Chinese, and Korean
UNIT II ASIAN PAINTING, SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, AND FOLK ARTS LESSON 1 ASIAN PAINTING Beliefs, religious, cultures, traditions, socio-economic conditions, education and even politics influenced the growth and development of Asian paintings, sculpture, architecture and folk arts. The natural features of Asia were the sources of subject matter among early Chinese and Japanese painters. Confucianism and Taoism are the two most important philosophies influencing Chinese art. Calligraphy is the art of fine writing and script. Ink painting featured black brushstrokes on a white background. Yamato-e refers to the national art Japan. It also means Japanese scroll painting. Kara-e is Chinese-inspired scroll painting. The most familiar Japanese painting style in the West is Ukiyo-e (pictures of the floating world. Indian painting is basically a religious art which includes wall paintings, miniature paintings, Rajput paintings, Mughal paintings, and british portrait paintings. Persagi is an association established by Indonesian painters. Genre painting is a realistic style portraying all aspects of the Thai common daily life. The beginnings of western-influenced artistic activity in Malaysia have been traced back to the town of Georgetown in Penang and Kuala Lumpur in the early 1930s. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 21
Singaporean paintings utilize the concepts of Chinese paintings and Singaporean painters learn how to express themselves by means of Chinese paintings techniques. The creation of beautiful books through calligraphy and illustrations consist Islamic paintings.
ACTIVITY: Create your own landscape painting or seascape painting using the medium of your choice. Write a short description of your painting. LESSON 2 ASIAN SCULPTURE Sculpture is the oldest Chinese art form that begun sometime before the Shang dynasty. Small figures that were placed in tombs were the earliest Chinese sculpture. The bodhissatva, a person potentially capable of becoming a Buddha, is a favorite subject in Oriental sculpture. Chinese sculpture is best represented in bronze casting, relief carvings, ceramic figurines, and tomb artifacts. It was during the Qin dynasty that the name China was derived from the household of Emperor Shih Huangdi. Ceramic figurines called minqqui were commonly created by Chinese sculptors during the Han dynasty. The giant tomb Kofun is evidence of the most complete record of a dinstinctive early Japenese sculpture. It was surrounded by hundreds of haniva, handfashioned clay cylinders of people and animals. Yosegi is a new technique in sculpture in which wood pieces are carved out like shells and joined from the inside. Korean art is a combination of native artistic traditions and Chinese influences. Painting and ceramics were the Yi dynasty‟s major artistic achievements. Traditional Yi pottery, decorated in the blue and white style with elaborate decorations, ranks as some of the most beautiful pottery in the world. The first evidence of the artwork of India can be found in the artistic work and civilization of Mohenjo – Daro. Indian sculpture flourished during the reign of the Mauryan dynasty about 321184 B.C. The descent of the Ganga is one of the most famous sculptures in Mamallapuram. Many Hindu sculptures portray Shiva. Indonesian sculptures reflected the supernatural aspects of Hinduism and the rites associated with Tantric Buddhism. An emblem of Thailand is the sleek and elegant style of the Sukhotai period. Contemporary Thai sculpture mainly complies with traditional techniques, the most important one being that of bronze casting which, since the olden days, has reached a high degree of technical perfection. The rich tribal culture of Sarawak and Sabah have produced some of the most interesting symbolic artifacts which continue to be used up to the present time. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 22
ACTIVITY: SLABS AS BASES FOPR CERAMIC PIECES Materials: slabs of clay that are rolled, cut out, scored, and stuck together Procedure: 1. Many wonderful shapes can be built out of slabs of clay that are rolled, cut out, scored, and stuck together. 2. Regularly and irregularly –shaped slabs can be used as bases for ceramic pieces. The bases can be permanently attached or removable. 3. These slabs do not have to be flat. They can be folded and draped over the other shapes to dry. 4. Think and create a sculptured landscape or seascape or any creative idea of your choice using slabs. 5. Give a title to your work.
LESSON 3 ASIAN ARCHITECTURE Asian architecture has four main branches – Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and Islamic architecture. Most Chinese architecture, both religions and secular, were constructed primarily of wood. Chinese architecture reached its peak during Ming dynasty. The main types of buildings constructed by Chinese architects were the Buddhist temples and pagodas. The great wall of china is another form of Chinese architecture which showcases Chinese engineering. It was built during the Ming dynasty on the foundations of a 3rd century BC defensive wall and stone or brick pagodas, tombs, and bridges. The use of wooden beams and posts is the main basis of traditional Japanese architecture. The Shinto shrines are the excellent examples of Buddhist temples. The Horyuji, a temple complex to the southwest of Narra, is the site of earliest Buddhist structures still existing in japan and the oldest wooden buildings in the far east. The Kondo and the Goju-no-to are the most important buildings in the horyuri. The Todai-ji represented the center of imperially-sponsored Buddhism, and its spread throughout Japan. The Shosoin is of paramount importance to Japanese art history because the utensils that were used in the dedication ceremony of the Todai-ji, government documents, and many secular objects owned by the imperials family are stored there. The Ho-o-do of the Byodoin, a temple in Uji to the southern of Kyoto, exemplifies the Armida halls of the Fujiwara period. To the Japanese, a house and its natural environment have an intimate relationship. Landscape gardening is a highly developed art in japan. A tea house is the place where a Japanese tea ceremony is performed. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 23
Early Indian architecture consists of elaborately carved stones, almost more sculpture than architecture. The Taj Mahal, with its every portion of white marble, precious metals, and costly stones, is considered as the most famous of india‟s ancient building in the world. A stupa is a large hemispheral mound basically a funeral mound or low circular mound ringed by borders. Stabhas were pillars set up in Buddhist sacred places and along highways. The residences donated to the wandering Buddhist monks are called viharas. The halls enclosing the stupas are the chaityas. Many korean temples bore similarities in structure and function as the temples in china and japan. The oldest Buddhist monument in the world is Borobudur built in 778 A.D. in Indonesia. Bali, Indonesia is a favorite tourist spot where many beautiful temples can be found. Thai architecture is a mixture of Chinese, Burmese, hindu, and khmer influences. The wats in Bangkok are the most celebrated works of Thai architecture. The introduction of the ornate Chinese temples and the famous two-storied straits Chinese terrace houses traceable to the Chinese presence was to result in cross-cultural developments in Malaysia. The mosque is the most important Islamic architecture. It is a house of worship.
ACTIVITY: Pretend to be an architect. Design your own Asian building.
LESSON 4 ASIAN FOLK ARTS The works of painters sculptors, and craft work who have little or no training as artists is referred to as folk arts. One of china‟s most important commodities was silk. Among the ancient Chinese, writing or painting on someone‟s fan was a sign of friendship. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist invented an earthquake detector in AD 132. Origami is the Japanese art of folding paper. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 24
The art of flower and plant arrangement in a flower vase is called Ikebana. Cha-no-yu refers to occasions when tea is served and to a ritual that shows the outlook of the Japanese of the world. Fabric painting is the major craft in india. Batik- making and tie-dyeing are folk art of the Indonesians. The colored wayang kulit or leather puppet is an intricate specimen of traditional Malaysian.
ACTIVITY: Solve the world puzzle.
1. the major craft in india. 2. the Japanese art of folding paper 3. one of china‟s most important commodities 4. leather puppet 5. the art of flower and plant arrangement 6. invented by Zhang Heng 7. one of the most enjoyable artistic creations of the Indonesians 8. the famous Dong- san musical instruments of northern Vietnam found in Malaysian sites.
UNIT III ASIAN DANCE, DRAMA/THEATER, PHOTOGRAPHY, PRINTMAKING, AND CINEMA LESSON 1 ASIAN DANCES The major themes of most Asian dances are magic and religion. That the ancient Chinese have already choreographed dances is evident in the archeological found in the Sun Chia Chai excavations. The use of a long sleeve (called “water sleeve”) is prominent in the earliest and unique chinese dances.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 25
There are several categories of Japanese dances: the theatrical, classical dance called Bugaku, the Kabuki dance theater, and pleasant dances like the Bon dances linked to festivals countryside celebrations. Court dances (pommu or chongjae), religious dances, and folk dances comprise korean dances. The early Hindus believed that dance was given to them by their gods and goddesses. The Bharatya Natyam, Kathakali, Manipuri, and Kathak are the four distinct types of Indian classical dance. Trance dances blend superstitions with Buddhist, hindu, and Islamic beliefs in southeast Asia. The court dances of Java are the slowest dances in the world with controlled movements. The dance of Thailand originated from the Khmer Empire of ancient Cambodia.
ACTIVITY: Make a collage of Asian dances. Cut out pictures from old magazines. Identify each Asian dance. Give a title to your work.
LESSON 2 ASIAN DRAMA/THEATER The West became aware only of Asian drama/theater in the 1800s. The major form of Chinese drama was the Peking Opera (also called Beijing Opera) in the 1800s. Fun Pan His, Jin Pan His, and Fun Min His are the types of Chinese plays. The gagaku, sangaku, Noh theater, puppet theater, kabuki theater, and bunraku are the dramas/theater forms of japan. The puppet theater, also called the shadow play, is the most popular theatrical form in Java. The puppet theater forms in Indonesia are the Wayang Kulit, Wayang Topeng, Wayang Orang, and Wayang Golek. Other Asian drama/theater forms are the kudruk of Indonesia, the lakon-jatri and lakon-nai of Thailand, bangwasan of Malaysia, the hat cheo of Vietnam and the Indian inspired dance drama and lakonbassak of Cambodia. The worship of the rice god was the center of the primitive dramatic forms of southeast Asia.
ACTIVITY: Form groups of threes. Create a shadow play “Filipino Version” perform in class.
LESSON 3 ASIAN PHOTOGRAPHY AND PRINTMAKING When photography was introduced in india, the Indians painted over the camera image until they have “perfected” it. Photography was invented in 1839. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 26
The cradles of early Japanese photography were Yokohama and Nagasaki, japan‟s port cities. Yokohama Shashin or Yokohama style photography emerged from the tourist market. Felice Beato, a well-known Italian photographer who had a photo studio on Yokohama in 1863 and has been residing in the city for 21 years, popularized hand-colored photographs. Photography in the Philippines functions as portraiture, research and news documentation, propaganda, advertising and fashion coverage, and artists tool and art medicine. About A. D. 105, paper was invented by Ts‟ai Lun, a Chinese. Block printing was also invented by the Chinese. Pi Sheng, a Chinese printer made the first movable type about 1045. The Chinese method of printing from relief images cut on woodblocks is xylography. The technique of full-color woodcut printing using several blocks was perfected by Japanese printmakers during the mid-18th century. Ando Hiroshige and Katsushika Hokusai are associated with masterful Japanese woodcut prints. The very first workshop using the woodblock methods was developed in San Miguel, Binondo by the Spanish Dominican, Francisco Blancas de San Jose, and the Chinese convert Juan de Vera, a carver . Historical records indicate that the King Mongkut set up the first printing press in Thailand.
ACTIVITY: Fill in the boxes with the correct letters. 1. Its art depends upon the photographer‟s imagination 2. Japanese military feudal warlords 3. Japan‟s only contact with the world. 4. A well-known Italian photographer who had a photo studio in Yokohama 5. Became one of the leading early Japanese photographers 6. First type of camera to be imported in japan 1848 7. A local Japanese lord who was presented a camera from Holland 8. A Chinese who invented paper 9. A Chinese printer who made the first movable type of printmaking 10. A member of the Shimazu clan who was able to photograph the famous early portrait of Nariakira Shimazu 11. A photography style which emerged from the tourist market. Note: pls put a puzzle down here…, page 232 of MAPEH book.
LESSON 4 ASIAN CINEMA The anime, a distinct form of animated film, was perfected by Japan. Shanghai film and TV Shooting Base is the largest indoor combination Asian Studio. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 27
Early films in other Indian Languages had mythological themes Imported films had a huge influence on early Korean Films Iran cinema‟s The White Ballon by Jafar Panahi became a hit at Cannes in 1995 and brought Iranian cinema to worldwide fame, Local films won international recognition for fine acting, relevant themes, and exquisite photography.
ACTIVITY: Watch a currently showing local film. Make a film review.
UNIT IV UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN ASIAN ARTS LESSON 1 ETHNIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ASIAN ART FORMS AND STYLES Asian art is one of the richest and oldest artistic traditions of the world. The beliefs and religious of asian countries are most influential in developing art forms and styles. Feng Shui (wind and water) was originally used to find auspicious sites for Chinese graves . Use a compass to determine lucky and unlucky influences caused by positions of houses and business establishments. Horoscopes were an important part of the everyday life of the Chinese. Chopstiks were wooden sticks used to pick up bite sized food in Chinese kuiazi (hasteners).
ACTIVITY: Research on one of the following and report in class. 1. Feng Shui 2. Chinese Horoscope 3. chopstiks
LESSON 2 PHILIPPINE ART The indigenous tradition, Spanish tradition, and euro-american tradition were the three principal cultural traditions which provide the bases of the sources and influences of the visual of the Philippine arts. Filipino expertise in pottery making and jewelry making were dominant in the indigenous tradition. A proof of the ingenuity of ancient Filipinos in pottery making is the Manunggul jar of Palawan. Woodcarving, weaving cloth, and blankets, creating baskets and jars, and the art of making hagabi are the indigenous visual arts of the cordillera. Visual arts play the vital role in the cordillera community as it indicates the social status of the people living in a community. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 28
Muslim-filipinos are exprets in weaving and carving. The sarimanok is an admirable muslim creative design which symbolizes mobility and bravery. Lumad is a term given to the indigenous people in Mindanao. Carving in the Hispanic manner was slowly introduced by the Spaniards who taught Filipino sculptors how to carve detailed images of saints as well as to create designs. They also guided the early Filipinos were also taught complicated designs of old churches and in the carvings of altars and other parts of the churches. Damian Domingo opened his own school of painting at binondo. The American patrons of art supported various kinds of sculpture, but they preferred painting of landscapes. Modern art was introduced by Victor Edades who believed that art need not have beautiful subjects. Other modernists include Galo B. Ocampo and Carlos Francisco.
ACTIVITY: Identify what or who is being described by filling in the missing letters. 1.___ A ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ U ___ ___ A __ - a proof of the ingenuity of ancient Filipinos in pottery making 2.___ O ___ ___ ___ ___ A ___ ___ -introduced by Victor Edades 3. ___ E ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ O ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ - a landscape painting 4. ___ A ____ ____ ____ A ____ ____ ____ - an admirable muslim creative design which symbolizes mobility and bravery 5. ___ U ___ ___ ___ -a term given to the indigenous people in Mindanao 6. ___ ___ O ___ ___ - an indigenous muslim group known for their skill in weaving cloth from abaca 7. ___ A ___ ___ ___ ___ - a wooden bench where carved animals are seen at both ends 8.___ U ___ ___ ___ - the carving of man‟s figure 9. ___ ___ I ___ - design used in weaving 10. ___ A ___ ___ ____ ____ ___ O ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ - opened a school of painting in binondo
LESSON 3 INFLUENCES IN ASIAN ART Most of the influences that took place in the history of asian art were due to invasion. Indian art was influenced by greek art, Islamic culture, and Gupta period. Chinese culture developed with little influences YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 29
The late Neolithic culture of china included the first literate and city building, metal- using civilization, painted pottery, and black pottery or Lung Shan . Shih Huangdi, china‟s first emperor, began the building of the great wall by 221 B.C to protect the northern part of china from nomadic invaders. The cultures of nearby china and india influenced the regions of southeast asia. The Philippines , among the asian nations, garnered the most influences from the other asian and western nations in art forms.
ACTIVITY: Write on the blanks what art or which country influenced the following. _____1. India _____6. South korean art _____2. Thailand _____7. Cambodia _____3. Japanese architecture _____ 8. Sumatra _____4. Burma ______9. Java _____5. Philippines ______10. Malaya
LESSON 4 ASIAN ART INFLUENCE ON THE PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND ARTS Artifacts brought by early Asian trades to the Philippines are proofs of trade and cultural context between the Philippines ant its Asian neighbors as early as the 9th century and long before Magellan „s discovery of the islands. The inscription on a clay pot found in a calatagan grave bore one of about a dozen indigenous alphabets found in the southeast Asian islands like Sumatra, java and the Celebes associated with 14th and 15th ceramics. The pandanan island wreck site fielded well-preserved remains of a wooden ship with a cargo of thai, Vietnamese, and Chinese artifacts. Painted pottery of China‟s Shang dynasty, statuaries, and vessels for rituals were inspiration of the early Filipinos in creating a number of painted earthenware. Chinese pottery of the Song dynasty and Yuan dynasty inspired the ancient Filipinos burial jars. Muslim Filipinos used the Islamic influenced naga in carved plows and in grave markers. Like all other Asian arts, Philippines art is religious in nature. The oldest known artwork in the Philippine is the Angono petroglyphs. ACTIVITY: Write true or false on the blanks. ______1. A society with uniform traditions and no cultural influences is reflected by Philippine arts. ______2. The oldest known artwork in the Philippine is the Angono petroglyphs. ______3. Ancient burial Filipino jars were likewise inspired by painted pottery of the Shang dynasty. ______4. 70% - 75% of the ceramics discovered in the Philippines are Vietnamese. ______5. Like all other Asian arts, Philippines art is secular in nature.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 30
______6. Red and black porcelain were among the articles which have traces of Asian art and culture found and excavated by archeologists in different parts of the Philippines. ______7. The inscription on an earthware found in a Calatagan grave contains one of about a dozen indigenous alphabets found in Sumatra, java and the celebs. ______8. Burial jars were hidden in palaces. ______9. The naga is carved chicken. ______10. Vessel artifacts were used for drinking.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION UNIT I PHYSICAL FITNESS
Physical fitness means simply the body systems ability to work and perform together efficiently and be able to perform physical activities with the minimum amount of effort. Physical fitness is achieved by the muscles regular movement through diffefernt exercises. It is not only for the people who have normal body functions but also for those who are physically challenged who can perform exercises appropriate to their condition. Physical fitness test pre-test, warm up exercises, anthrometrics measurements, muscular fitness, flexibility fitness, 1-kilometer run/walk (mass)
ACTIVITY: A. For flexibility 1. head turns and tilts 2. arm stretches 3. across – the – body stretches 4. upper – back –stretch position) 5. lateral stretch 6. side lunges 7. alternate leg stretches
B. For muscular strength and endurance 1. Spine extensions (isometric exercise) a. unilateral spine extension b. bilateral spine extension 2. Leg stretches and bends (from lying 3. Buttocks squeezes 4. Curl-up with knee in 5. crunches
UNIT II PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES LESSON 1 THE ORIGIN OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES The ancient Filipinos considered dancing as a common, popular and religious activity. Festivals dances, great and exiciting occasions, usually lasted for days. A babaylan (priestess) danced at the end of a wedding ceremony where she threw a javelin to sacrificial animal. Dancing was also done as part of religious offerings to bathala. Philippine dances were profoundly affected by the island‟s natural environment. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 31
ACTIVITY: Divide yourselves into groups of eight. Choose your group leader. Create a simple dance making use of the combination of the basic steps. Choose a music to accompany the dance you have created.
LESSON 2 INDIGENOUS DANCES The different ethnic and tribal groups of the cordillera highlands and Mindanao have their own folk dances. The bontocs, ifugaos, benguets, apayaos, kalingas, itnegs, ilonggots, and gaddangs, are the major ethnic groups which make up mountain province. Dances of the cordillera highlands are; peshits, kanyaos, bendeau, ragragsakan, bumayah, idudu. Dances of Mindanao; singkil, pig-aper kapamalong-malong, pindulas a yakan, maglanka, binanog, baliti, blit-bilaan, inahaw and dinugso. ACTIVITY: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How will you describe the dance sua-sua? 2. What characteristics of the tausugs can you derive from the dance? 3. How will you compare sua-sua with the previous dance that you have learned in terms of * arms and hands movements * dance steps * costumes * music 4. What did you feel while dancing sua-sua?
LESSON 3 COLONIALLY-INFLUENCED PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES Countryside dances include those dances with religious implications, local motifs, imitative, dances, dances that require a balancing skill, and dances performed during special gatherings. Ramon A. Obusan, Lucresia Urtula, and Libertad Fajardo are the others researchers of Philippine folk dances.
ACTIVITY: Encircle the names of Philippine folk dances Binasuan a la jota Balitaw gayong gayong Binislakan itik-itik Maglalatik pandang-pandang Polka sa nayon kalapati Estudiatina rice festival Jota gumaqueṅa polka antigo Bucasoy lanceros
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
subli sayaw sa obando bati makongo cariṅosa pandanggo sa bulig mazurka boholano rigodon de honor
Page 32
UNIT III BADMINTON LESSON 1 HOW TO PLAY BADMINTON Badminton is a game of two or four players using a shuttlecock and lightweight rackets. The objective of badminton is to hit the shuttlecock back and forth over the net without allowing it to hit the floor in bounds on your side of the net. The rackets and shuttlecock are used to play badminton The badminton court differs in singles and in doubles games of badminton. ACTIVITY: Enumerate the health benefits you can derived from playing badminton.
LESSON 2 BASIC SKILLS IN BADMINTON Gripping the racket, footwork, serve, and stroke are some of the basic skills of badminton. The forehand grip and the backhand grip are two basic grips from which all badminton shots are hit. Badminton players have a “stance of readiness” so that movements in all directions arte possible. The forehand serve and the backhand serve are the kinds of serve. The main strokes are done in forehand and backhand. Striking the shuttle consists of three parts: the backwing the forward swing and hit, and the follow-through. Clear, drop, and smash are the basic badminton shots.
ACTIVTIY: Fill in the blanks. 1. From the ___________________________________, movement s in all directions are possible. 2. There are two basic grips from which all badminton shots are hit, the 3 ____________________grip and the ______________grip. 4. The main strokes are done in ________________________and 5. _______________________________. 6. Striking the shuttle consists of three parts the _________________________, 7. the________________________, and the 8. _____________________________. 9. The __________________________ is a slow, gentle shot that falls over the net into the opponents forecourt. 10. The __________________________________ is the most powerful where the shuttle is hit over the head in a downward motion.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 33
LESSON 3 STRATEGIES IN BADMINTON Strategy, consisting of planning and constant thinking, is the key in playing badminton. Speed and deception are important factors in playing badminton The action of the wrist is the one that imparts speed to the racket‟s head. This is called “cocking” the wrist. It is the feet that put the body into the right position. To hit the shuttle down should be the foremost idea in a badminton player‟s mind when playing. How early the shuttle can be intercepted determines the player‟s reply to service. A smash is the best reply to a high service. The clear is the most important shot when backhand is played.
ACTIVITY: Write true on the blanks if the statement is correct and false if it is not correct. _______1. Speed and “cocking the wrist” are important factors in playing badminton. _______2. Strategy is the key in playing badminton. _______3. The main defensive measure to be taken is a sound forehand clear. _______4. It is the feet that put the body into the right position. _______5. To hit the shuttle up should be the foremost idea in a badminton palyer‟s imnd when playing. _______6. The rocket should be held at the back with its head up and just above the nets‟s height in a forehand grip. _______7. How early the shuttle can be intercepted determines the reply to a short serve. _______8. The player will have enough time to move back if a high service is delivered. _______9. A drive service is fast and very flat. _______10. A smash is the best reply to a high service. LESSON 4 BASIC RULES OF BADMINTON The game is started with a toss coin. A serve is made if the shuttle is struck by the server‟s racket. It is a “let” or a replay of point in case of unusual interference. A term of service is called inning. A loss of serve is called side out.
ACTIVITY: Form groups of fours. Play badminton observing the rules of the game.
UNIT IV SOCCER LESSON 1 THE NATURE OF SOCCER YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 34
Eleven players form a soccer team. The offensive objectives of soccer are to maintain ball possessions, keep the ball wide until near the goal, and get the ball in front of the goal of the opponent where a player can propel it between the uprights, beneath the crossbar, and completely across the goal line for a score. The main objectives of defense are to contain the opponents and the ball, forcing excessive passes, guard (mark) opponents in scoring position, tackle the opponent, take the ball away whenever a possible, funnel the ball to the middle to the field toward their own goal, and concentrate in front of their goal when the ball is in scoring position. The kick off is a free kick in the midfield which starts the game of soccer. The goalkeeper provides the great assistance to the defense.
ACTIVITY: Summarize the origin of soccer. LESSON 2 THE BASIC SKILL OF SOCCER Dribbling, heading, trapping, kicking (shooting or pass), tackling, throwing, and goalkeeping are the basic skills of soccer. Dribbling is the most commonly used skill in soccer. Inside kick, heel kick, volleying, punting, passing, and side of the foot are the kinds of kicking. Trapping is the art of controlling and stopping a moving ball. Chest and stomach trap, foot trap, and leg trap, are the kinds of trapping. Tackling is the ability to take the ball from the opponent using the feet. Heading is controlling the ball using the head. Throw-in is the only time that the player, other than the goal-keeper, can use their hands to propel the ball. Goalkeeping is the skill of the goalkeeper for fielding and for clearing the ball. ACTIVITY: Execute the basic skill s of soccer following the proper mechanics of it. A student will be allowed two (2) trials each for a time limit of 60 seconds per trial. Fill in the chart below. SOCCER ACTIVITY WORKSHEET NAME:_______________________________ SECTION:___________________ TRIAL SUCCESSFUL BASIC SKILLS IN SOCCER Dribling Outside of the foot dribble Inside of the foot dribble YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
YEAR
&
MISSED
Page 35
Kicking Instep kick Heel kick volleying punting passing Side of the foot Trapping Chest and stomach trap Foot trap Leg trap Tackling (done with a partner) Heading Thrown-in Goalkeeping
LESSON 3 STRATEGY IN PLAYING SOCCER A knowledge of the principles, tactics, and system in soccer plus the mastery in skills execution provides the winning combination in soccer. Space and possession are the basic principles in soccer. The playing field for soccer is divided into thirds: attack, midfield, and defend. Width, depth/support, penetration, mobility, and improvisation are the offensive principles. Delay, depth/support, balance, concentration, pressure, and control/restrait are the defensive principles. ACTIVITY: 1. -
forcing
mistakes
through
aggressive play 2. the ability to
–
adjust to ever changing situations during the course of the play
3. protecting all areas.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
– the spread of players across the field,
Page 36
– distributing the ball wide spreads out the defense.
4.
5. – retreating by all defensive players funneling to the goal scoring area, causing congestion. 6. - the movement by players without the ball to different position.
7.
– positioning in front of the player with ball
8. - the most threatening pass of the ball to an Opponent toward the end line.
– not committing and being beaten by
9. either the ball Or the player.
10.
– 10-15- yard positioning ahead or behind the ball.
LESSON 4 THE RULES OF THE GAME Following the rules of the game is a sign of sportsmanship. Winning is not only converting shots to winning point‟s or getting ahead by a big margin, but rather on knowing the game and developing the game‟s basic skills. Here are the following rules of the game; physical contact, dropped ball,goal keeper, methods of scoring, off-side, corner-kick, throw-in, goal-kick,penalty-kick, fouls and misconduct. Duration of the game; kick-off, ball in and out of play, players‟ equipment, number of players.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 37
ACTIVITY: Form teams of eleven players. Play soccer according to the rules of the game.
LESSON 5 PHILIPPINE PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST Prepare record form for PPFT post-test. Do warm exercises. PPFT post-test involves; partial-curl ups, trunk lift, right angle push ups, sit and reach, shoulder stretch, standing ling jump, basketball pass, 1 kilometer run/walk. ACTIVITY: INDIVIDUAL RECORD FORM (PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST) PRE-TEST NAME_______________________________________________________________ Last name first name M.I SCHOOL___________________________________________ YEAR__________________ AGE________ SEX_______ HEIGHT____________cm. SITTING HEIGHT____________cm. WEIGHT___________kilos ARMSPAN________________cm. TEST ITEM RANK TEST 1 Partial curl-ups _____________
SCORE
PERCENTILE
____________ number
TEST 2 Trunk lift ____________
___________ cm. (higher trial)
TEST 3 Right angle push-ups __________
____________ Number
TEST 4 Sit and reach
_________ cm.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
___________ cm.
Page 38
TEST 5 SHOULDER STRETCH
TEST 6 1-kilometer run/walk
TEST 7 Standing long jump
__________ PASSED/FAILED
________ Number
__________
___________
_________
__________ cm.
TEST 8 Basketball pass
_________ cm. (farther distance)
________
HEALTH UNIT I HEALTH ANALYSIS AND COMMUNITY LESSON 1 COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH PROBLEMS We must become fully aware of our responsibility toward environmental protection and the preservation of natural resources for our future generation. Some common environmental and health problems present in our communities are environmental pollution, rapid population growth, improper waste management, unsanitary food handling, improper disposal of excreta and sewage, insect and rodent control, and potable water. ACTIVITY: Explain how you can help minimize or control these environmental and health problems.
LESSON 2 POLLUTION OF THE ECOSPHERE The contamination of the environment due to human activities results in the pollution of the ecosphere. Pollution of the ecosphere includes overpopulation, air pollution, water pollution, chemical pollution, solid waste pollution, radiation pollution, and noise pollution. ACTIVITY: Think of an invention that would pose as a solution to the pollution of the ecosphere. Share this in class.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 39
LESSON 3 PRESERVATION OF THE ECOSPHERE To stabilize and reverse environment deterioration, the concerted efforts of the home, school, and community is necessary. The passage of the Ecological Solid Waste Management act or republic act 9003 provides the legal framework for the Philippine‟s systematic, comprehensive, and ecological waste management program to ensure of community health and the environment. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 or Republic act. 8749 is a comprehensive policy and program for air quality management in the country which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos. ACTIVITY: Enumerate the following. Classifications of pollution sources 1. 2. 3. Areas covered by primary health care (PHC) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. UNIT II POPULATION EDUCATION: POPULATION, RESOURCES, AND ENVIRONMENT LESSON 1 POPULATION MANAGEMENT The Philippine population program, officially launched in 1970, had as its focus fertility reduction and contraceptive distribution using the clinic-based approach. The status of family formation, women, maternal and the child health, morbidity, mortality, population distribution, urbanization, and migration were the focus of the 1980 population policy. The Philippine Regulation Management Program (PPMP), developed in 1993, was based on the population-resource-environment (P-R-E) framework which aimed to secure proper balance among population, resources, and environment, and to achieve an improved quality of life for all Filipinos through proper management of population growth and distribution.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 40
ACTIVITY: Write a commentary on the impact of rapid population growth on a country‟s environment and resources.
LESSON 2 BASIC COMPONENTS OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH Population change in a country is caused by three factors: fertility, mortality, and migration. Among the three factors, fertility has the greatest influence in affecting population change. Fertility refers to the actual number of children born to a woman or group of women. Fecundity is the biological capacity of a woman (or couple) to have children at the future time. Developing countries like the Philippines exhibit high fertility rates. Heredity, health, age, ovulation cycle, lactation, and pregnancy wastage are the biological factors that affect fecundity. Machismo, parenthood means fulfillment, perpetuation of the family name, competition with parent, more hands to work on the farm, bigger family income, insurance, and security are some beliefs, and practices influencing fertility behavior.
ACTIVITY: Research on the latest demographic data about the Philippines (number of population per region and sexes, fertility, mortality, and others). LESSON 3 ADDRESSING RAPID POPULATION GROWHT PROBLEMS The international conference on population and development (ICPD) was formed in 1994 when representatives from 179 countries meet to form an international agreement to put population concerns at the center of all economic, political, and environmental activities. The millennium declaration was adopted by the united nations member countries in September 2000 serving as a commitment of the international community to sustain economic and social progress in all countries. To determine the achievements of the Philippines in the ICPD and MDG statistical data to show and to report the programs achievements as well as the unmet needs were provided by the 2003 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The Philippines unites with the world‟s global community in addressing the population explosion problems.
ACTIVITY: Write on the blanks true if the statement is correct and false if it is not . 1. Demographers endeavor to forecast population increase daily. 2. There are 189 countries in the ICPD. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 41
3. Fertility is lowest among the less educated, the poor and those in the rural ares. 4. The actual fertility is higher than the desired fertility. 5. Fertility is the same between urban women and rural women. 6. The rate of infant mortality in rural areas is lower than those in urban areas. 7. 51% of women use a method of family planning. 8. Many of the respondents were aware and have heard of AIDS. 9. Many of the respondents do not have knowledge on non communicable diseases. 10. Many of the respondents were familiar with the three principal ways to reduce HIV transmission.
UNIT III SAFETY EDUCATION AND FIRST AID LESSON 1 ACCIDENTS Accidents may result in loss or damage of properties, permanent or temporary injury, and even death. Accidents can be attributed to human and external factors aside from human error. A disaster is an even that seriously affects the health and lives of people living in one or more communities. Disasters include typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and thunderstorms. Home accidents, school accidents, traffic accidents, and outdoor accidents are the types of accidents. Fire, falls, poisoning and firearms are some type of home accidents. ACTIVITY: Make a collage about safety. Write a slogan about it.
LESSON 2 FIRST AID First aid is the immediate and temporary emergency measure given to victims of sudden injury or illness at home, school, or community with sufficient and skillful application of treatment. There are general rules to be followed for giving first aid. Before administering first aid, the first aider must have a plan of action to follow. There are 6 warning signals which suggest immediate care and trip to the hospitals. A rule states that in helping accident victims, the rescuer should proceed from the most fatal injury to the least injury. The hierarchy of the severe bases of inspections in case of accident are: (1) profuse bleeding; (2) stoppage of breathing; (3) internal poisoning; (4) shock after an injury; (5) burns; (6) fractures; and (7) dislocations, sprains, and strains.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 42
ACTIVITY: Dramatize how to administer first aid in the following situations. Form groups or pairs. 1. an adolescent contacting a doctor over the phone (focus on the important information needed) 2. a bleeding victim 3. a victim who is not breathing 4. a vomiting victim 5. a victim who had more than one injury 6. appropriate positions needed by victims LESSON 3 “HURRY CASE” NUMBER 1: STOPPAGE OF BREATHING Basic life support techniques is a set of emergency procedures that consist of recognizing the “three hurry cases”. Stoppage of breathing, severe bleeding, and poisoning are the “three hurry cases”, life threatening situations that should be given priority in applying first aid. Airway, breathing, and circulation are the ABC‟S of emergency procedure for respiratory emergency. Asphyxiation is the stoppage or limiting of breathing of a victim brought about when air is prevented from reaching the lungs and the supply of oxygen is cut off from blood circulation. To prevent irreparable brain damage resulting from the lack of oxygen, artificial respiration must be administered immediately. The mouth-to mouth method, mouth-to-nose respiration, lateral recovery position, and abdominal thrusts (Heimlich Maneuver) are the kinds of artificial resuscitation. Heartbeat in cases of cardiac arrest and asphyxiation is restored by emergency first-aid procedures via cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). ACTIVITY: Which among the methods of artificial respiration do you think is the most effective? Explain LESSON 4 “HURRY CASE” NUMBER 2: SEVERE BLEEDING Bleeding or hemorrhaging is a flow of blood from artery, vein or capillary. An unmistakable sign of severe bleeding is the spurting or welling of blood. The presence of blood over a considerable area of the body of a victim is not a reliable indication of the amount of blood loss. The victim may be bleed to death within minutes when the damage to the artery is a major rupture. The amount of blood that a donor can give is equal to one family size bottle of coke or 1 pint bottle or 500 ml. Shock is a serious consequence of severe bleeding. The procedure used to stop bleeding would depend on the size of the wound and the availability of first-aid materials. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 43
The application of pressure over the wound itself and by elevating the bleeding when possible are the preferred methods to stop bleeding. To avoid gangrene setting in there is a strict limit of 5 minutes pressure.
ACTIVITY: Summarize briefly how you can stop a person‟s bleeding. LESSON 5 POISONING Poisoning is the intake of a substance that through its chemical action can injure or kill. The most common type of poisoning originates from home substances. A victim may be poisoned in four ways- swallowing, inhaling, injecting, or absorbing through the skin or mucous membrane. Each way has its own first aid treatment. ACTIVITY: Role play with your partner a situation when any of the kind of poisoning occurred. Then, administer the appropriate first aid treatment.
LESSON 6 FIRST AID FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES The bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilages make up the musculoskeletal system. Sprains, strains, dislocations, and fractures are musculoskeletal injuries needing up first aid. A sprain is an injury which results from stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments or tendons of a bone joint or a tearing of the fibers of a joint capsule. RICE (rest, ice, compress, elevation) is the first aid treatment for sprains. A strain occurs when the muscles and tendons are outreached causing sudden pain or tearing in the muscles and tendons being used. A dislocation is an injury in which the ends of bones forming a point are forced from their normal positions. The joints commonly dislocated are the freely movable joints. A fracture is a break in a bone, either open or close. The types of fracture are: oblique fracture, greenstick fracture, impacted fracture, tissue fracture, and transverse fracture. A splint is used to immobilized the injured body part before the victim is brought to a hospital. The types of splint are the ordinary, wooden splints, rolled newspaper or magazines, and Thomas-type splints. ACTIVITY: Device any one of the types of splints. 1. ordinary wooden splint 2. rolled newspaper or magazine 3. Thomas-type splint YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 44
LESSON 7 TRANSPORTATION OF VICTIMS An injured person requires proper and careful transportation to the nearest medical facility after being administered first aid to ease pain or discomfort and to prevent further injury. Careless and improper transportation of victims contribute to original injuries, increased chances of shock, and may lead to death. In the absence of a stretcher, the following method of carrying a victim manually to a safe place is used: one-man carry, two-men carry, three-men carry, and four-men log roll. Lover‟s carry, backpack carry, firearm‟s carry, and assist to walk are the kinds of one-man carry. Hand as litter and chair as litter are the kinds of two-men carry. The three-man carry method is used to remove or to place a victim from a stretcher. The three-man carry method is used to remove or to place a victim from a stretcher. The four-man log roll is used to move a person with spinal injury. Improvised stretchers like a wide board, door, canvas, plywood, blanket, jacket, sacks, cloth, t-shirt, and poles may be made if stretchers are unavailable. ACTIVITY: Form groups. Demonstrate the following. 1. two-man carry 2. three-man carry 3. four-man log roll
UNIT IV DRUG EDUCATION: STIMULANTS LESSON 1 WHY PEOPLE USE DRUGS Stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, cannabis, narcotics, and inhalants are psychoactive drugs. Caffeine, amphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy are stimulants drugs. Boredom-pleasure, curiosity, peer influence, apathy or a feeling of powerlessness, psychological alienation, and spiritual search are some of the reasons why people use drugs. There are three categories of drug users: thrill seekers, occasional users, and addicts. Experimental use, recreational use, situation use, intensified use, and compulsive use are the key levels of drug use. The individuals, family and friends, and society are the factors that influence drug use. ACTIVITY: Write on the blanks the correct answers. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 45
______1. persons who use drugs to ease physical and mental fatigue. ______2. level of drug use with a low risk of dependency. ______3. a feeling of powerlessness. ______4. drug users who have developed psychological dependence and physiological dependence to a drug. ______5. a feeling of being separated or rejected from a dominant society or from any subculture of that society and from one‟s own individual goal. ______6. level of drug use when an individual uses a moderate amount of a drug in a social setting where the use of the drug is expected or accepted. ______7. drug users who are bored and would like to have new experiences for excitement. ______8. level of drug use when tolerance had developed ______9. level of drug use is for an individual to experience an effect that he thinks would be favorable in a particular situation. ______10. level of drug use wherein an individual uses a drug on a regular basis to reduce illusionary physical, psychological, and social discomforts.
LESSON 2 STIMULANTS Stimulants are psychoactive drugs that promote the activity of the central nervous system. They are prescription drugs. Caffeine is the most popular drug in the world. It is found in coffee, soft drinks, cocoa, and chocolate. Amphetamines are synthetic drugs that are produced or manufactured in laboratories. They are also called pep pills, speed or uppers. Cocaine is the most popular illicit drug today. It is used as a local anesthesia in medicine in certain types of surgery. Shabu is a synthetic drug that is illegally manufactured in the laboratories from chemical substances and drug syndicates from Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan. It is a highly prohibited drug. Ecstasy, a synthetic drug, was dubbed as the “LSD of the 80‟s “. It is also called designer‟s drug because it comes in different colors and shapes in tablet, powder and capsule forms. ACTIVITY: Complete the statements. 1. Stimulants increase the rate of ___________, and ___________, _____________. 2-3. Caffeine tastes _____________ and is _____________. 4-5. Caffeine brings _____________ irritation and _____________ irregularities. 6-7. Three to four cups of coffee cause _____________ and ______________. 8. _____ grams is the fatal dosage of coffee. 9. ____________ syndrome is experienced by regular coffee drinkers. 10. ___________ have some legitimate medical use. 11-12. Some amphetamines combine with __________ and ______________. 13-14. _____________ and ________________ are the effects of shabu. 15. _______________ is the powdery form of cocaine, which is inhaled. YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 46
16-17. _____________ and ___________ are the dangerous effects of pregnant women. 18. Babies whose mothers use cocaine have greater risk for _____________, __________, ____________, ____________. 19-20. _____________ and ____________ is a dangerous combination. 21. Chemical substances of _____________ are smuggled into the ____________ and__________________. 22-23. Ecstasy was dubbed as the ____________________ and ______________.
cocaine on developing
country by also called
LESSON 3 COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACTS OF 2002 The comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act 9165 has the objective of safeguarding the Filipinos health against dangerous drugs. The act classified drugs into controlled and restricted drugs. Amphetamines, barbiturates, and hypnotics, distribution, manufacture and sale controlled by law. Morphine, cocaine, hallucinogens, and opium are called restricted drugs because these drugs have no medical value and their abuse and misuse can bring ill effects to the users. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is the drug-enforcing arm of the government in its all-out campaign against drugs. ACTIVITY: Write in the blanks CD for controlled drugs and RD for restricted drugs. _______1. hypnotics _______2. cocaine _______3. amphetamines _______4. morphine _______5. barbiturates _______6. opium _______7. hallucinogens _______8. shabu _______9. ecstasy ______10. Marijuana
LESSON 4 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND REHABILATATION OF DRUGS DEPENDENTS. Prevention is the best and most effective solution to drug abuse. Direct and indirect approaches to prevention are used. The thrusts of government agencies and private sectors is the prevention and control of drug abuse, as well as the rehabilitation of drug dependents. The Dangerous Drug Board, Department of Health, Bureau of Food and Drugs, Community Health Center, National Bureau of Investigation, NBI Treatment and YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 47

Rehabilitation . Philippine National Police, Department of Education, and Philippine Mental Health Association are the government agencies that help in the prevention and control of drug use and the rehabilitation of drug dependents. The Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Network, Shalom House, Ang Tahanan Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, and Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers Foundation, Inc. represent the private sector.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: 1. Differentiate the direct and indirect approach used in drug prevention. 2. In your opinion, are the government agencies and private agencies successful in the prevention and control of drug abuse and the rehabilitation of drug dependents? Why or why not?
ACTIVITY: Visit one government agency and one private agency involved in the prevention and control of drug abuse. Find out what their programs of action are concerning drug abuse. Report in class your findings.
YOUNG JI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL/COLLEGE
Page 48