Research Methods:

Standardized Questionnaire

Visual Responses

– Some cognitive, expressive, and perceptual information about respondents’ physical surroundings may be better expressed visually than verbally, through nonprecoded techniques, such as freehand area maps, base-map additions, drawings, photographs taken by respondents and games.

– Cognitive maps are the mental pictures of the surroundings that people use to structure the way they look at, react to, and act in their environment. If designers know how people who use their environments see them, they can better control the side effects of design decisions.

• Freehand Maps (Kevin Lynch)

• Additions to Base Maps (Zeisel and Griffin)

• Drawings (Sanoff and Barbour)

• Photographs