Art fundamentals ch05 value 25 11 2017

The Vocabulary of Value

Introduction to Value Relationships Descriptive Uses of Value

Art Fundamentals

Expressive Uses of Value

Chiaroscuro Tenebrism Printmaking Techniques and Value

Decorative Value Compositional Functions of Value Value Patterns Open and Closed Compositions

Chapter 5 Value

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS Value I. The relative degree of light or dark.

2. The characteristic of color determined by light or dark or the quantity of reflected by the color. ď Ž

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THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS  

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achromatic (value) Relating to differences of light and dark The absence of hue and its intensity.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

cast shadow 

The dark area that occurs on a surface as a result of something being placed between that surface and a light source.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS ď Ž

Chiaroscuro (Chiaroscuro means light and dark in Italian.)

I. Distribution of light and dark in a picture.

2. A technique of representation that blends light and shade gradually to create the illusion of three-dimensional objects in space or atmosphere.

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chromatic (value) 

The value (relative degree of lightness or darkness) demonstrated by a given color.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

closed-value composition 

Composition in which values are limited by the edges or boundaries of shapes.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

decorative (value) 

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Ornamenting or enriching but, more importantly in art, stressing the twodimensional nature of an artwork or any of its elements.

Decorative art emphasizes the essential flatness of a surface.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

high-key value 

A value that has a level of middle gray or lighter.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS  

high-key value A value that has a level of middle gray or lighter.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

highlight 

The portion of an object that, from the observer's position, receives the greatest amount of direct light.

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local value The relative light and dark of a surface, seen in the objective world, that is independent of any effect created by the degree of light falling on it.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

low-key value 

Any value that has a level of middle gray or darker.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

open-value composition 

Composition in which values cross over shape boundaries into adjoining areas.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS ď Ž

plastic (value) I. The use of the elements to create the illusion of the third dimension on a twodimensional surface.

2. Three-dimensional qualities of art forms, such as architecture, sculpture, and ceramics, are enhanced by value.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

shadow, shade, shading 

The darker value on the surface of an object that gives the illusion that a piece of it is turned away from or obscure the source of light.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

shallow space 

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The illusion of limited depth.

With shallow space, the imagery moves on slight distance back from the picture plane.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

Tenebrism

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(Tenebroso or tenebrism is an Italian word, meaning dark and gloomy.) 

A technique of painting that exaggerate or emphasizes the effects of chiaroscuro.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

Tenebrism 

Larger amounts of dark value are placed close to smaller areas of highly contrasting lights—which change suddenly—in order to concentrate attention on important features.

THE VOCABULARY OF INTRODUCTORY TERMS 

value pattern 

The arrangement or organization of values that control compositional movement and create a unifying effect throughout a work of art.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships ď Ž

The success of an artwork can be greatly enhanced by an artist who makes good use of lights and darks.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships ď Ž

In Art, Lights and Darks are referred to as VALUE.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships 

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ACHROMATIC values consisting of white, black, and grays.

Other terms used for value include TONE, BRIGTNESS, and COLOR.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships 

In Art, Lights and Darks are referred to as VALUE.

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ACHROMATIC values consisting of white, black, and grays.

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Other terms used for value include TONE, BRIGTNESS, and COLOR.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships 

The VALUE SCALE  

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Low-key values High-key values

The key selected sets the mood of the work.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships

Introduction to VALUE Relationships ď Ž

Value can be created by placing lines of the same or different qualities alongside or across each other to produce generalized areas of value.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships 

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Value applied will create distinguishable shapes.

Shadows and Highlight  Abstract textures 

Ex. Delicately drawn lines created values.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships ď Ž

The degree of Line Concentration indicates value of the subject.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships ď Ž

The degree of Line Concentration indicates value of the subject.

Introduction to VALUE Relationships 

CHROMATIC VALUE 

The lightness and darkness of a color.

Descriptive Uses of VALUE 

Creating objects, shapes and space.

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Local VALUES Naturally occurring values.

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Descriptive qualities Psychological, Emotional, and Dramatic expressions.

Descriptive Uses of VALUE ď Ž

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Objects cannot receive light from all directions at the same time.

A solid object gets more light from one side than another because that side is closer to the light source.

Descriptive Uses of VALUE 

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Objects cannot receive light from all directions at the same time.

Spherical surface  Even flow Intersecting planes  Sudden contrast

Descriptive Uses of VALUE 

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Spherical surface  Even flow Intersecting planes  Sudden contrast

Descriptive Uses of VALUE 

CAST SHADOWS – Dark areas that occur on an object or a surface when a shape is placed between it and the light source.

Descriptive Uses of VALUE

Descriptive Uses of VALUE 

CHIAROSCURO 

Giving emphasis to light and shadow.

Expressive Uses of Values 

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Balance between light and dark.

Dark  Atmosphere of gloom, mystery, drama or menace.

Light  Opposite

Expressive Uses of Values ď Ž

Lights and shadows exist in nature as the byproducts of strictly physical laws.

Expressive Uses of Values 

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Dark  Atmosphere of gloom, mystery, drama or menace.

Light  Opposite

Expressive Uses of Values ď Ž

Artists must adjust and take liberties with lights and shadows to create their own visual language.

CHIAROSCURO ď Ž

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Technique of representation that makes forceful use of contrasting lights and darks.

To create the illusion that the objects are surrounded on all sides by space.

CHIAROSCURO   

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Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa 1503-06 Exploring chiaroscuro SFUMATO – Soft blending and subtle transitions from light to dark.

TENEBRISM  

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Extreme chiaroscuro!

Dark Manner of painting Rembrandt VALUE an instrument in the characteristic exaggeration of Baroque painting.

TENEBRISM 

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Peculiarities of lighting The way lighting affected mood or emotional expression.

Implied light sources in unexpected locations.

Printmaking Techniques and Value 

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Neglect representation of natural light.

Middle Eastern and East Asian art forms.

Print making techniques:  

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Intaglio – metal plates Woodcut - wood Lithography – limestone Screen printing – silk

Decorative Value 

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Ignore conventional light sources or neglect representation of light.

Multiple light sources tend to: 

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Flatten object surface.

Neutralize the plastic qualities of objects

Compositional Functions of Value ď Ž

Shallow Space ď Ž

Advancing and Receding characteristics of value.

Value Patterns 

Thumbnail sketches.  

Small scale preliminary value studies.

Quickly explore compositional variations before selecting a final solution.

Open and Closed Compositions ď Ž

CLOSED-VALUE Values are limited by the edges or boundaries of shapes.

Open and Closed Compositions ď Ž

OPEN-VALUE Values can cross over shape boundaries into adjoining areas.

Art Fundamentals Chapter 5 Value End