Asu history and theory lecture 5 design development 18 11 2017

ASU – Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub

Lecture 5 - Design Development

• • • • •

Developing design solutions Comparison and evaluation Design Development Stages Structural Systems Technical Systems (MEP-HVAC-Lighting-Fire Fighting, Acoustics, Codes, …)

Definition of Design Development Phase • Transitional phase of an architect/engineer (A/E) services in which the design moves from the schematic phase to the contract document phase. • In this phase, the A/E prepares drawings and other presentation documents to crystallize the design concept and describe it in terms of architectural, electrical, mechanical, and structural systems. • In addition, the A/E also prepares a statement of the probable project cost.

Design Development Technical Documentation: Ability to make technically clear drawings and write outline specifications.

Design Development Technical Documentation: Ability to prepare models illustrating and identifying the assembly of materials, systems, and components appropriate for a building design.

Design Development Structural Systems: Understanding of the basic principles of structural behavior in withstanding gravity and lateral forces and the evolution, range, and appropriate application of contemporary structural systems.

Design Development Building Envelope Systems: Understanding of the basic principles involved in the appropriate application of building envelope systems and associated assemblies relative to fundamental performance, aesthetics, moisture transfer, durability, and energy and material resources.

Design Development Building Service Systems: Understanding of the basic principles and appropriate application and performance of building service systems such as plumbing, electrical, vertical transportation, security, and fire protection systems.

Design Development Life Safety: Ability to apply the basic principles of life-safety systems with an emphasis on egress.

Design Development Building Materials and Assemblies: Understanding of the basic principles utilized in the appropriate selection of construction materials, products, components, and assemblies, based on their inherent characteristics and performance, including their environmental impact and reuse.

THE PROJECT CYCLE

The Project Cycle

The role of architects in building design throughout history.

14

100 %

48 %

35 % 15

An excellent architect is able to understand the design requirements and the system interrelationship along with the building code requirement.

16

WORKING DRAWINGS

Drawings They generally contain:  site and building plans,  elevations,  sections,  details,  diagrams, and  schedules

Example • For small projects, working drawings and details can be integrated in small number of sheets.

Example • For medium projects, a sufficient number of drawings need to be developed to cover all the required details.

SITE PLAN • The site plan should show the location of the building in relation to the site boundaries.

• All landscape elements, streets and pedestrian walkways should be indicated and dimensioned.

• A reference point should be identified to related the building to GPS.

PLANS • All plans should be drawn scale 1;100 showing centerlines, walls, openings, external dimensions, internal dimensions, materials, etc.

SECTIONS • Sections should illustrate vertical information including levels, materials, dimensions, corresponding centerlines and details cross-referencing.

ELEVATIONS • Elevations should illustrate exterior finishing materials, levels, dimensions, centerlines, and details cross-referencing.

WALL SECTIONS โ ข Wall sections illustrate exterior faรงade design detailing. They are extremely important illustration to ensure the final apperance of the design.

Working Drawings Highlights

Plans

Plans

All necessary dimensions

Plans

Stair symbols

Plans Window and door identification marks

Plans Titles or numbers for all rooms & spaces

Plans Materials symbols

Plans Levels

Plans

All structural features

Plans

Bath Rooms

Sections Show interior features

Sections Show complete vertical dimensions

Sections Indicate materials

Elevations Grid lines

Elevations

All necessary dimensions

Elevations Slabs Levels

Elevations Materials

Stairs Details

Stairs Details

Wall Sections • Show all materials in their proper location and thickness. • Tie the section into the cross-reference system

DRAWINGS FORMAT

Drawings

Sequence and sheet Formats Organization:  Site work  Architectural drawings  Structural  Mechanical  Plumbing  Electrical  Any special disciplines

COVER SHEET

Drawings

Sequence and sheet Formats

Standards:  Sheet size  Layout  Title blocks

Drawing Sheet Coordinate System

1

2

3

4

5

D

D

Each module is identified by a letter and a number.

C

C

Drawing may comprise one or more modules.

B

Module identification is established by the coordinates for the lower left hand corner of the module.

MODULE C4

B

A

A

1

2

3

4

5

Drawing Blocks Drawing Blocks

DRAWING BLOCKS Drawing modules containing graphic or textural info are called drawing blocks.

Note Blocks Note Blocks

The Note Block is the module or modules in the drawing area for General Notes, Keynotes, and Key Plans.

Title Block Area Margins Same as Drawing Area Formats Horizontal Text Vertical Text Data Blocks Designer Identification Project ID Block Issue Block Management Block Sheet Title Block Sheet ID Block

Title Block Format (1) Title Block Formats

Horizontal Text Format: Title block text is oriented parallel to the bottom of the sheet.

The horizontal text format is the most commonly used, and is the preferred format.

Title Block Formats

Vertical Text Format: Title block text is oriented parallel to the right side of the sheet.

Sheet title and sheet ID remain oriented parallel to the bottom of the sheet.

Basic Sheet Layout

Title Block Area Drawing Area Production Data Area

Drawing Block Format Column Grid & Dimension Area

Graphic & Notation Area

Drawing blocks that contain plans, elevations, sections, and details are organized in a format that includes the elements shown.

Margin

Title Area

Drawing Module Lines

Drawing Block Format - Sample GRID XXXX

XXX

XX

XX

XXXXX

XXXXX XXX

C3

A sample drawing block showing a simple plan layout.

XX

XXXX

XXXX

XXX

SECTION X:X

Note the column grid and dimension area (shaded), the graphic and notation area, the drawing block title area, and the margins.

DRAWING SYMBOLS Lines

CL

Object Lines Dimension/Extension Lines Hidden/Invisible Lines Center Lines

DRAWING SYMBOLS Graphic Symbols - General 4 A-6

7

Wall Section

A-5

Detail Section

BB A-4

Building Section

6

Revision Marker

Reference Symbols refer reader to another part of the document Examples: D2 21 0 2

4

Graphic Scales

A-512

Detail Indicator

3

Sheet Keynote 2

VESTIBULE 101

Room Identifier

Column Grid Indicator

Note Blocks

Note Blocks

The Note Block is the module or modules in the drawing area for General Notes, Keynotes, and Key Plans.

Sheet Keynotes

GENERAL SHEET NOTES 1. IIII II III III IIII IIII 2. II III II II IIIII III 3. II IIIII II IIII IIIIII 4. I II IIII III IIIIIII II 5. III I II IIII IIIII III

REFERENCE KEYNOTES

IIIII.I IIIII.I IIIII.I IIIII.I IIIII.I

III III IIII II II II IIIII II I II IIII III III IIIIIII II IIII IIIII III SHEET KEYNOTES

1

III III IIII II

2

III III II II IIII

3

IIII II I II IIII

Order of Sequence: General Notes

Reference Notes Sheet Keynotes

Drawings CONDOC SYSTEM

G General project requirements Site work TS SB SD C L

Topographic survey Soil borings data Site demolition Civil Landscaping

Drawings

CONDOC SYSTEM

Major disciplines S M P FP E

Structural Mechanical Plumbing Fire Protections Electrical

Drawings

CONDOC SYSTEM

Special elements ID FS SG FF AA Etc.

Interior design Food service Signage/graphics Furniture/furnishings Asbestos abatement

Drawings

CONDOC SYSTEM Major disciplines A Architecture A000, A001, etc. general notes A100, A101, etc.

A200, A201, etc.

A300, A301, etc.

A400, A401, etc.

A500, A501, etc.

A600, A601, etc.

Schedules, master keynote, legend, Plans Exterior elevations, Sections Vertical circulation, core plan and details Reflected ceiling plans, details Exterior envelope, details Architecture interiors

Drawings Title Block

      

Name, address, and phone number of the architectural firm Project title and address Owner's name and address Drawing title and sheet number Names and addresses of consultants Notation of who worked on the drawing, including cjecking Dates drawings were issued (such as for bid, permit, and construction)  Dates of revisions  Architect's seal and signature (when required)  Copyright information

Drawings Drawings should also include the basic information required to orient the user, such as:  Key plans (showing location of partial plans in relation to the whole)  North arrows  Scales for drawings (graphic scales are normally included in case drawings are reduced or CAD generated)

Drawings The Cartooning Process Most firms lay out the drawings very early in the project.  To establish roughly how many and what kinds of plans, sections, elevations, details, schedules, and other graphic elements will be prepared.  Scale and size on sheet  Order  Interrelationships COVER SHEET

WD CARTOON SET Assignment • • • • •

• • • • •

Use A4 size paper to develop a rough sketch of your WD set.

Determine the order of drawings and number ( __ of __ ) Sketch by hand the rough size of each drawing on each sheet Determine the scale needed Convert the real dimensions of the building drawings to the desired scale and show on your papers Make sure that all drawing fit on the size sheet plottable area Label each drawing, include the scale Add north arrow when appropriate Add descriptive text if known (such as window sill detail, east elevation, etc.)

Add sheet names, numbers, and drawing title in the border

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Computer Aided Design

Sample Project

Example An Architectural Studio in A College of Engineering Building

Architectural Plan

Structural Plan

Furniture

Reflected Ceiling

Tiling

Lighting Layout

HVAC

Fire Protection

Wall Section

Wall Section

Wall Section

Partial Elevation

END