ASU – Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Lecture 6 - Basic and Advanced Concepts
Content • Basic concepts and fundamental considerations • Ideas and design • Concepts for some types of buildings • Advanced concepts
What is a concept? Why is it important to have a concept in your design? How to communicate your concept?
Definitions of Concept • • • • • • • • • •
Idea Theory Notion Parti (French) Conception Opinion Abstraction Philosophy Belief Inspiration
• • • • • • • • • •
Image View Intention Plan Fancy Thought Impression Hypothesis Supposition … DESIGN
Dimensions of Concepts Any building concept should provide: • Exterior Expression • Interior Experience Exterior Expression
Interior Experience
Shape & Dimensions Roads & Access Surroundings & View Topography & Soil Site Temperature Sun Wind Climate Humidity Sand Height Forms Colors Building Structure Technical
Solution
The Concept
CONTEXT
NEED
Site
Program
FORM & SPACE
Areas Spaces Relationships Functions Equipment Gender Number User Activities Socio-Cultural Vision Client Organization Budget Schedule
Sketches Material Variety Models Exterior Form Balance Texture Drawings Symmetry Color & Details Asymmetry Scale Renderings Interior Space Proportion Size Animations Unity Volumes Shapes Rhythm
Elements
Principles
Concept Idea Analogy Metaphor Symbolism
Elements of Concept Generation and Expression Function Form Materials Structure Lighting Ventilation Socio-Cultural Experiential Meaning Philosophy
Concepts Translations – Visual and Verbal
Concept Generators
Site Determinants • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Topography Climate Geography Demographic Geology History Social characteristics and conditions Economic conditions Legal, legislative and administrative conditions Location and visual aspects Land use Characteristics of man-made environment Circulation Technology Others
Physical Concepts • Location View Harmony with nature Underground architecture
Cultural Factors • • • • • •
Historical factors Religious factors Social factors Economic factors Political factors Functional factors
Spatial Relations
The pragmatic space The perceptual space The existential space The cognitive space The abstract space
Qualities of Space Proportion Scale Form Definition Color Texture Pattern Enclosure Light View
Visual Design Factors: Form Characteristics • Continuity Sequence Repetition and Rhythm Balance: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical Proportion Pattern, texture and color Hierarchy Transparency Direction Motion Time Sensory Qualities
Visual Design Factors: Visual factors • Visual perception: – – – –
Structural approach Evaluative approach Orientation Spacescape
Lynch 1 (Image of the City): path, node, edge, district, and landmarks Lynch 2 (Theory of Place): Legibility, Structure and Identity, Imageability and Sequentiality
Visual Design Factors: Visual Organization Gestalt Theory (Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure) Law of Proximity Law of Similarity Law of Continuity: good continuance Law of Closure: forces of organization Symmetry, Inclusiveness, Unity, Harmony, Regularity, Conciseness, Maximal Simplicity
Visual Organization • Figure/Ground Surface/Edge Outline/Object Autonomous figures
Architectural Compositions • Unity • Coherence • Incoherence
Visual fields Minimal heterogeneity Proximity Resemblance Enclosure Common orientation Symmetry Repetition
Shape, Pattern, and Form •
Linear shape The circle The ring The organic shape The square The ellipse Star shape Hexagonal shape Rectilinear shape The grid Radiocentric shape Branch shape The organic pattern
Size (Scale) • • • • •
Monumental Bulky Minimal Human Vehicular
Color • • • •
Theory of colors Formal organization Properties Perception
Age: The traditional and the modern
ignore respect imitate copy contrast hide away integrate
Construction • Materials Methods Systems
Cast-in-situ Pre-cast Lift-slab Tunnel form Flying shutters Pre-stressed
Structure System • Bearing walls Skeleton Shell and Vault Space truss Space frame Geodesic dome Tent Structure Folded plates Verandel Girders Verndeal Floors Tensile Structures ...
Arabic/Islamic Design Ideas • • • • • •
The Courtyard The alleyway and the courtyard Al Saha Al Qasabah Al Mafrouka The Islamic Star
Other Ideas • Using the hard line Using straight and hard lines Using straight and curved lines The curved paths The axis and the courtyard The organic pattern The cal-de-sac The spine The inclined axis The irregular axis Direction Tilting the mass
Other Ideas • Shifting the center of the shape The arcade The crack The podium The layers The cluster The organic disorganic contrast Contrast between the solid mass and the fragmented masses Contrast between the curved solid mass and the fragmented masses Transition in space: open, semi-open, closed Sequence of space Satellite
Other Ideas • The frame The rounded corners The muqarnass The triangle Parts of the octagon Square with a circle Part of a curve Shapes at random THE SQUARE Circles Tilted square The octagon Straight line with free line
Analogy and Metaphor
Analogy and Metaphor
END