Asu history and theory lecture 6a basic and advanced concepts 25 11 2017

ASU – Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Lecture 6 - Basic and Advanced Concepts

Content • Basic concepts and fundamental considerations • Ideas and design • Concepts for some types of buildings • Advanced concepts

What is a concept?

Why is it important to have a concept in your design?

How to communicate your concept?

Definitions of Concept • • • • • • • • • •

Idea Theory Notion Parti (French) Conception Opinion Abstraction Philosophy Belief Inspiration

• • • • • • • • • •

Image View Intention Plan Fancy Thought Impression Hypothesis Supposition … DESIGN

Dimensions of Concepts Any building concept should provide: • Exterior Expression • Interior Experience Exterior Expression

Interior Experience

Shape & Dimensions Roads & Access Surroundings & View Topography & Soil Site Temperature Sun Wind Climate Humidity Sand Height Forms Colors Building Structure Technical

Solution

The Concept

CONTEXT

NEED

Site

Program

FORM & SPACE

Areas Spaces Relationships Functions Equipment Gender Number User Activities Socio-Cultural Vision Client Organization Budget Schedule

Sketches Material Variety Models Exterior Form Balance Texture Drawings Symmetry Color & Details Asymmetry Scale Renderings Interior Space Proportion Size Animations Unity Volumes Shapes Rhythm

Elements

Principles

Concept Idea Analogy Metaphor Symbolism

Elements of Concept Generation and Expression Function Form Materials Structure Lighting Ventilation Socio-Cultural Experiential Meaning Philosophy

Concepts Translations – Visual and Verbal

Concept Generators

Site Determinants • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Topography Climate Geography Demographic Geology History Social characteristics and conditions Economic conditions Legal, legislative and administrative conditions Location and visual aspects Land use Characteristics of man-made environment Circulation Technology Others

Physical Concepts • Location  View  Harmony with nature  Underground architecture

Cultural Factors • • • • • •

Historical factors Religious factors Social factors Economic factors Political factors Functional factors

Spatial Relations     

The pragmatic space The perceptual space The existential space The cognitive space The abstract space

Qualities of Space  Proportion  Scale  Form  Definition  Color  Texture  Pattern  Enclosure  Light  View

Visual Design Factors: Form Characteristics • Continuity  Sequence  Repetition and Rhythm  Balance: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical  Proportion  Pattern, texture and color  Hierarchy  Transparency  Direction  Motion  Time  Sensory Qualities

Visual Design Factors: Visual factors • Visual perception: – – – –

Structural approach Evaluative approach Orientation Spacescape

 Lynch 1 (Image of the City): path, node, edge, district, and landmarks  Lynch 2 (Theory of Place): Legibility, Structure and Identity, Imageability and Sequentiality

Visual Design Factors: Visual Organization Gestalt Theory (Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)  Law of Proximity  Law of Similarity  Law of Continuity: good continuance  Law of Closure: forces of organization  Symmetry, Inclusiveness, Unity, Harmony, Regularity, Conciseness, Maximal Simplicity

Visual Organization • Figure/Ground  Surface/Edge  Outline/Object  Autonomous figures

Architectural Compositions • Unity • Coherence • Incoherence

Visual fields  Minimal heterogeneity  Proximity  Resemblance  Enclosure  Common orientation  Symmetry  Repetition

Shape, Pattern, and Form •            

Linear shape The circle The ring The organic shape The square The ellipse Star shape Hexagonal shape Rectilinear shape The grid Radiocentric shape Branch shape The organic pattern

Size (Scale) • • • • •

Monumental Bulky Minimal Human Vehicular

Color • • • •

Theory of colors Formal organization Properties Perception

Age: The traditional and the modern       

ignore respect imitate copy contrast hide away integrate

Construction • Materials  Methods  Systems      

Cast-in-situ Pre-cast Lift-slab Tunnel form Flying shutters Pre-stressed

Structure System • Bearing walls  Skeleton  Shell and Vault  Space truss  Space frame  Geodesic dome  Tent Structure  Folded plates  Verandel Girders  Verndeal Floors  Tensile Structures  ...

Arabic/Islamic Design Ideas • • • • • •

The Courtyard The alleyway and the courtyard Al Saha Al Qasabah Al Mafrouka The Islamic Star

Other Ideas • Using the hard line  Using straight and hard lines  Using straight and curved lines  The curved paths  The axis and the courtyard  The organic pattern  The cal-de-sac  The spine  The inclined axis  The irregular axis  Direction  Tilting the mass

Other Ideas • Shifting the center of the shape  The arcade  The crack  The podium  The layers  The cluster  The organic disorganic contrast  Contrast between the solid mass and the fragmented masses  Contrast between the curved solid mass and the fragmented masses  Transition in space: open, semi-open, closed  Sequence of space  Satellite

Other Ideas • The frame  The rounded corners  The muqarnass  The triangle  Parts of the octagon  Square with a circle  Part of a curve  Shapes at random  THE SQUARE  Circles  Tilted square  The octagon  Straight line with free line

Analogy and Metaphor

Analogy and Metaphor

END