Asu history and theory lecture 7 ancient civilizations and cultures

ASU – Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Lecture 7 - Ancient Civilizations and Cultures

Module 3 • Impact on the architectural elements through a comparative analysis of the various ancient civilizations and cultures.

In order to erect a building we must have building materials and the knowledge of using them: Egyptian Architecture----------Stone and Masonry Structures Greek Architecture -------------Marble and Granite structures Roman Architecture---------Marble and Granite structures Modern architecture --------Steel and Glass Structures.

What is Architecture?

1. Shelter 2. Frozen music with an aesthetic content 3. Structure 4. Technology 5. Shaping of spaces for human usage.

Vitruvius an important Roman Architect around 40 BC considered the essentials of architecture as follow: 1. Utilitas (commodity) 2. Firmitass (Firmness) 3. Venustas ( Delight)

Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Linear – Columns – Beams

• Surface – Walls – Slabs

• Spatial – Facade Envelope – Core – Building as System

Structural Elements Basic Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Linear – Columns – Beams

Elements

Structural Elements Basic Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Surface – Walls – Slabs

Structural Elements Basic Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Spatial – Facade Envelope – Core – Building as System

What is a Force?

• The one constant around the world is the action of gravity upon each and every structure that is erected.

• The primary function of all structural design is to make a building stand-up.

• Understanding architectonics will enable a designer to include these issues as part of a design language that will create a significantly clearer architectural expression.

Forces in Structural Elements 100 lb

100 lb

Tension

Compression

Forces in Structural Elements 100 lb

Bending

Torsion

Forces Acting in Structures

Vertical: Gravity

Lateral: Wind, Earthquake

Global Stability

Sliding

Overturning

Loads: Dead Loads Life loads Wind Loads (bracing) Earthquake and seismic loads (flexible joints)

Loads

Construction system Structure + Materials = Space Perception.

Structure: Compression = Wall bearing (Stone and Masonry) Tension = Steel and wood structures Compression and Tension= Skeletal structures (Reinforced Concrete structure)

Structure systems are: Post and Lintel Cantilevers and Corbels Arch and Vaults Trusses and space frames Tensile structures Pre cast structures Post tension structure systems

POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: LOAD BEARING WALLS

POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: SKELETON FRAME

ARCHES, VAULTED HALLS, AND DOMES

PORTAL FRAMES

TRUSSES

SPACE FRAMES

FOLDED ROOFS

SHELLS

TENSILE STRUCTURES

TENSILE STRUCTURES

Thank You.