ASU – Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering ARC 122: History & Theory of Architecture Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Lecture 7 - Ancient Civilizations and Cultures
Module 3 • Impact on the architectural elements through a comparative analysis of the various ancient civilizations and cultures.
In order to erect a building we must have building materials and the knowledge of using them: Egyptian Architecture----------Stone and Masonry Structures Greek Architecture -------------Marble and Granite structures Roman Architecture---------Marble and Granite structures Modern architecture --------Steel and Glass Structures.
What is Architecture? 1. Shelter 2. Frozen music with an aesthetic content 3. Structure 4. Technology 5. Shaping of spaces for human usage.
Vitruvius an important Roman Architect around 40 BC considered the essentials of architecture as follow: 1. Utilitas (commodity) 2. Firmitass (Firmness) 3. Venustas ( Delight)
Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Linear – Columns – Beams
• Surface – Walls – Slabs
• Spatial – Facade Envelope – Core – Building as System
Structural Elements Basic Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Linear – Columns – Beams
Elements
Structural Elements Basic Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Surface – Walls – Slabs
Structural Elements Basic Structural Elements • The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: • Spatial – Facade Envelope – Core – Building as System
What is a Force? • The one constant around the world is the action of gravity upon each and every structure that is erected. • The primary function of all structural design is to make a building stand-up. • Understanding architectonics will enable a designer to include these issues as part of a design language that will create a significantly clearer architectural expression.
Forces in Structural Elements 100 lb
100 lb
Tension
Compression
Forces in Structural Elements 100 lb
Bending
Torsion
Forces Acting in Structures
Vertical: Gravity
Lateral: Wind, Earthquake
Global Stability
Sliding
Overturning
Loads: Dead Loads Life loads Wind Loads (bracing) Earthquake and seismic loads (flexible joints)
Loads
Construction system Structure + Materials = Space Perception.
Structure: Compression = Wall bearing (Stone and Masonry) Tension = Steel and wood structures Compression and Tension= Skeletal structures (Reinforced Concrete structure)
Structure systems are: Post and Lintel Cantilevers and Corbels Arch and Vaults Trusses and space frames Tensile structures Pre cast structures Post tension structure systems
POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: LOAD BEARING WALLS
POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: SKELETON FRAME
ARCHES, VAULTED HALLS, AND DOMES
PORTAL FRAMES
TRUSSES
SPACE FRAMES
FOLDED ROOFS
SHELLS
TENSILE STRUCTURES
TENSILE STRUCTURES
Thank You.