Fue theory 4 lecture 4 synthesis of the design concept

FUE - Future University in Egypt Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Architectural Engineering

ARC 322: History & Theories of Architecture (4) Fall 2016 Instructor: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Lecture 4: Synthesis of the design concept: different techniques in generating creative ideas in architectural design

What is a concept?

Why is it important to have a concept in your design?

How to communicate your concept?

Steps of the BASED Design Process • BRIEFING • Site selection, Program formulation, Data collection, Examples, ...

• Analysis • Design and Project Data analysis • Identification of Objectives

• Synthesis • Formulation of Concepts and Alternatives • Communication of Concepts

• Evaluation • Review of Alternatives • Selection of one alternative

• Design • Design details • Communication media

Definitions of Concept • • • • • • • • • •

Idea Theory Notion Parti (French) Conception Opinion Abstraction Philosophy Belief Inspiration

• • • • • • • • • •

Image View Intention Plan Fancy Thought Impression Hypothesis Supposition … DESIGN

Shape & Dimensions Roads & Access Surroundings & View Topography & Soil Site Temperature Sun Wind Climate Humidity Sand Height Forms Colors Building Structure Technical

Solution

The Concept

CONTEXT

NEED

Site

Program

FORM & SPACE

Areas Spaces Relationships Functions Equipment Gender Number User Activities Socio-Cultural Vision Client Organization Budget Schedule

Sketches Material Variety Models Exterior Form Balance Texture Drawings Symmetry Color & Details Asymmetry Scale Renderings Interior Space Proportion Size Animations Unity Volumes Shapes Rhythm

Elements

Principles

Concept Idea Analogy Metaphor Symbolism

Introduction • The design process works with information and ideas simultaneously on many levels. • Designing is a reciprocal action and reflection.

Concept Levels Vision Values Concepts Ideas Solutions Details

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Introduction • One assembles the puzzle picture by searching for fits; piece after piece is picked up, tried, and found to be a misfit until, finally, the right piece steps into place. • The designers mind searches memory to find elements that meet their needs of the given problem.

Introduction • Inductive reasoning or inductive logic, is a type of reasoning which involves moving from the specific to the general.

Inductive Reasoning from Specific to General

• Deductive reasoning or inductive logic, is a type of reasoning which involves moving from the general to the specific.

Deductive Reasoning from General to Specific

Design Reasoning / Logic Levels

Inductive Deductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning “from general to specific”

Philosophy Meaning Socio-Culture Experiential Function Form Structure Materials Lighting Ventilation Etc.

Inductive Reasoning “from specific to general ”

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Introduction • Creativity comes into play and the efforts to find approaches that will be original, aesthetically satisfying, valid solutions to the problems defined through programming.

• Even experienced and highly skilled designers often find it difficult how this aspect of the design process works.

• They will say that they “think about “the problem until they are “hit by an idea”.

Dimensions of Concepts Any building concept should provide: • Exterior Expression • Interior Experience Exterior Expression

Interior Experience

Interior

Concept Generators

Elements of Concept Generation and Expression Function Form Materials Structure Lighting Ventilation Socio-Cultural Experiential Meaning Philosophy

Concept Generators and Design Levels Concept

Philosophy Meaning Experience Sustainability Design Levels Socio-Cultural Structure Form Functi on

Elements and Principles of Design ELEMENTS Background Colour Foreground Form Grid Light Line Mass Material Path Plane Point Shadow Shape Solid Space Structure System Texture Type Void

PRINCIPLES Balance Contrast Direction Dominance Economy Emphasis Fragmentation Harmony Hierarchy Movement Order Pattern Proportion Repetition Rhythm Scale Symmetry Time Unity Value Variety

Levels of Expression The concept should be appeal to both: • The Normal Layman • The Professional Specialist

Concepts Translations – Visual and Verbal

design concept generation

design concept generation

Mood or Inspirational Board

Mood or Inspirational Board

Site Determinants • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Topography Climate Geography Demographic Geology History Social characteristics and conditions Economic conditions Legal, legislative and administrative conditions Location and visual aspects Land use Characteristics of man-made environment Circulation Technology Others

Physical Concepts • Location  View  Harmony with nature  Underground architecture

Cultural Factors • • • • • •

Historical factors Religious factors Social factors Economic factors Political factors Functional factors

Spatial Relations  The pragmatic space  The perceptual space  The existential space  The cognitive space  The abstract space

Qualities of Space  Proportion  Scale  Form  Definition  Color  Texture  Pattern  Enclosure  Light  View

Visual Design Factors: Form Characteristics • Continuity  Sequence  Repetition and Rhythm  Balance: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical  Proportion  Pattern, texture and color  Hierarchy  Transparency  Direction  Motion  Time  Sensory Qualities

Visual Design Factors: Visual factors • Visual perception: – – – –

Structural approach Evaluative approach Orientation Spacescape

 Lynch 1 (Image of the City): path, node, edge, district, and landmarks  Lynch 2 (Theory of Place): Legibility, Structure and Identity, Imageability and Sequentiality

Kevin Lynch - The Image of the City

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Path Node Edge District, and Landmarks

Visual Design Factors: Visual Organization Gestalt Theory (Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)  Law of Proximity  Law of Similarity  Law of Continuity: good continuance  Law of Closure: forces of organization  Symmetry, Inclusiveness, Unity, Harmony, Regularity, Conciseness, Maximal Simplicity

Visual Design Factors: Visual Organization Gestalt Theory (Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)  Law of Proximity  Law of Similarity  Law of Continuity: good continuance  Law of Closure: forces of organization  Symmetry, Inclusiveness, Unity, Harmony, Regularity, Conciseness, Maximal Simplicity

Visual Organization • Figure/Ground  Surface/Edge  Outline/Object  Autonomous figures

Architectural Compositions • Unity • Coherence • Incoherence

Visual fields  Minimal heterogeneity  Proximity  Resemblance  Enclosure  Common orientation  Symmetry  Repetition

Shape, Pattern, and Form •            

Linear shape The circle The ring The organic shape The square The ellipse Star shape Hexagonal shape Rectilinear shape The grid Radiocentric shape Branch shape The organic pattern

Size (Scale) • • • • •

Monumental Bulky Minimal Human Vehicular

Color • • • •

Theory of colors Formal organization Properties Perception

Age: The traditional and the modern       

ignore respect imitate copy contrast hide away integrate

Construction • Materials  Methods  Systems      

Cast-in-situ Pre-cast Lift-slab Tunnel form Flying shutters Pre-stressed

Structure System • Bearing walls  Skeleton  Shell and Vault  Space truss  Space frame  Geodesic dome  Tent Structure  Folded plates  Verandel Girders  Verndeal Floors  Tensile Structures  ...

Arabic/Islamic Design Ideas • • • • • •

The Courtyard The alleyway and the courtyard Al Saha Al Qasabah Al Mafrouka The Islamic Star

Other Ideas • Using the hard line  Using straight and hard lines  Using straight and curved lines  The curved paths  The axis and the courtyard  The organic pattern  The cal-de-sac  The spine  The inclined axis  The irregular axis  Direction  Tilting the mass

Other Ideas • Shifting the center of the shape  The arcade  The crack  The podium  The layers  The cluster  The organic disorganic contrast  Contrast between the solid mass and the fragmented masses  Contrast between the curved solid mass and the fragmented masses  Transition in space: open, semi-open, closed  Sequence of space  Satellite

Other Ideas • The frame  The rounded corners  The muqarnass  The triangle  Parts of the octagon  Square with a circle  Part of a curve  Shapes at random  THE SQUARE  Circles  Tilted square  The octagon  Straight line with free line

Examples

Yacht Sails

Examples

Palm Trees

Examples

Horseshoe Crab Shell

Examples

Hands Clasped In Prayer

Illustrations of Concept

From Sketch to Reality

Michael Lee-Chin Crystal, Toronto

Concept Sketches

Illustrations of Concepts

Illustrations of Concepts

Illustrations of Concepts

Examples of Drawings

Thank You.