ADS : AIR JOURNAL

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO :

AIR

THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

YONG QUAN GOH

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553243

“Parametricism is the only credible candidate to become the epochal style of the 21st century.�

Patrik Schumacher 2012

CONTENT

PART I. EXPRESSION OF INTEREST

I.1. CASE OF INNOVATION

I.1.1.0 ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE

I.1.2.0 COMPUTING FOR ARCHITECTURE

I.1.3.0 PARAMETRIC MODELLING

I.1.4.0 CASE FOR INNOVATION CONCLUSION

I.2. RESEARCH PROJECT

I.2.1.0 SCOPE OF POSSIBILITIES

I.2.1.1. IMPUT / ASSOCIATION / OUTPUT MATRIX

I.2.1.2. REVERSE-ENGINEERED CASE-STUDY

I.2.1.3 MATERIAL EFFECTS

I.2.1.4. ASSEMBLY METHODS

I.2.2.0 RESEARCH PROJECT CONCLUSION

I.3. EXPRESSION OF INTEREST CONCLUSION: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

I.4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME: INTERIM

I.1.1.1 ARCHITECTURE as a DISCOURSE PERSONAL PROJECT (diploma) This studio’s theme for my Diploma studies was “Architecture of Film”. Film is a useful tool through which to observe cultural norms and social ideals. Through the collective visions of filmmakers over the long history of moviemaking, we can start to see repetition of narrative themes in a variety of genres and these themes in turn can be said to reflect the broader themes of emotional narratives in real life.

Film museum is the main project for the semester, consodilating all previous projects of research and analysis.

Students are asked to translate ideas and emotive responses to certain genres of films into formal or narrative spaces of a museum based on the film genre in question and identify a complementary commercial facility of their choice. In addition, they should consider the potentials and problems related to multi-story buildings. Western theme was chosen.

The architecture discourse and concept for this project is poetics of space. It can be understood through the few senses which are vision, hearing, scent, touch, taste and many more. Every sense can be measured equally by every single part of our human body. The power of sounds makes everyone imagine. The space traced by the ear becomes an image in the mind. Every space has its characteristic sound to create a sense of connection and solidarity. Scent is the strongest memory of space. A particular smell may make us project some very beautiful image in our interior mind, followed by the surroundings.

The sense of touch reads the texture, weight, density and temperature of matter. Our skin also traces spaces of temperature with the correct precision. Hence, the main idea for this project is actually come from the wilderness and rugged condition in the Western movies.

“An expo is about national identity and about knowing and mixing.”

EMBT, 2010

I.1.1.2 ARCHITECTURE as a DISCOURSE SPANISH PAVILION, EMBT The project proposed by EMBT consists on developing the handicraft technique of the wicker into a practice of construction. With this goal in mind, the universal language of the material works to build a bridge between East and West, and among Spain and China. With the volumetric, material, and structural inspirations of a wicker basket array, the void of the stands will mold a pavilion in which tubular metallic supports will sustain a wicker grid that will filter the light and function as a climatic membrane that wraps the pavilion.

EMBT has incorporated these elements in the poetical reading of the connection between China and Spain, expressing a message of the strong relationship to be had in their futures that will be picked up by the wind and spread throughout the country. “The symbols are not always visible, but are conveyed through the brilliance experienced every moment during the day and the gentle rippling of the facade plays with this expression, communicating the message to those approaching the pavilion.”

(EMBT) This project shows an architetural discourse of mutual relationship between countries, cultures and elements. In the context of Wyndham Gateway Project, we can focus on the city background by identifying the features and “mix” any of the elements for the design.

In 2007, China and Spain signed an agreement to mutually recognize academic grades. From then on, student exchange between the two countries has increased significantly. In relation to tourism, of the 60 million tourists that visited Spain in 2008, only 50, 000 of them were Chinese visitors. Hence, Spain is hoping that exposure at the Expo will increase Chinese visits to the country.

“Architecture part of nature� is a concept that I always carried with me: Buildings that adjust to life, to our needs, to our moods.

DAVID FISHER, 2004

I.1.1.3 ARCHITECTURE as a DISCOURSE DYNAMIC SKYSCRAPER, DAVID FISHER After thousands of years in which buildings were static, David Fisher’s Dynamic Skyscraper is an important step ahead towards Future Architecture. The Rotating Tower brings three main futuristic aspects, three revolutions.

The first revolutionary aspect is related to the shape of the building, which changes continuously. The second revolution that the Dynamic Skyscraper brings is the method of construction. To this futuristic design solution, David Fisher has added another unique innovation: Prefabrication. The entire building, aside from the concrete core, is made of prefabricated units which arrive to the construction site completely finished. The third revolution is born from combining technology and luxury with environment. The skyscraper’s wind turbines, positioned horizontally between each floor, and solar ink on its many roofs will produce energy making the tower the first selfpowered building.

Each floor, in fact, can rotate separately, changing every second the shape of the building. You can therefore wake up with the sun rising into your bedroom and enjoy the sunset over the ocean at dinner time. The Rotating Skyscraper takes on shapes imposed by time and life, never appearing the same in any two given moments. As Fisher (2004) mentioned, “It is the first building to have four dimensions: Designed by TIME, shaped by LIFE.” The same idea of architecture discourse can be applied to the Wyndham Gateway project which is architecture as part of the environment, nature.

I.1.2.1 COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE KINETIC PAVILION, ADAPT & EXTEND This project aims to develop a pavilion which spatial configuration respond to changing weather conditions, people flows and human communication, environmental factors and ecological considerations. Much like any other organism, the pavilion can adapt in a variety of ways when parameters change. The development of an interactive architecture is a response to the demand for programmable, dynamic, flexible and adaptable environmental factors in the digital age. Architecture will evolve from a static entity to a dynamic and adaptable, emergent and alive environment. It will transform itself into a tool to express information in a dynamic way, in which the architect will determine the parameters.

i. Transformation based on weather conditions - In cold regions, the roof surface of the pavilion orients itself towards the sun in order to maximize energy efficiency.

ii. Transformation based on human movement - The roof reacts to the dynamics of movements and constantly transforms itself based on the paths along which people move.

iii. Transformation based on human communication - The pavilion would act as a dynamic and fluid organism capable of understanding human wants and translating those in an appropriate spatial configuration.

The scale model of the pavilion was setup as a first step in testing necessary hardware and software configurations, try out different modes of interaction, and iterate through design ideas. Building on open source hardware, software and digital fabrication techniques it tries to extend the toolbox architectural design. The model itself is developed as an open and extendible structure that can respond to variety of input data. Factors such as wind patterns, sun path and weather can contribute in how the design of the Wyndham Gateway project can change over time.

“A NEW DESIGN CONTINUUM A DIRECT LINK FROM DESIGN THROUGH TO CONSTRUCTION, IS ESTABLISHED THROUGH DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES.” BRANKO KOLAREVIC, 2003

I.1.3.1 PARAMETRIC MODELLING VOUSSOIR CLOUD, IWAMOTOSCOTT This project involved an extremely thorough examination of vaulted forms and the modules (voussoirs) that would compose it. The collaboration of parametric design and Antonio Gaudi’s hanging chain method were used for the surface’s form-finding to create a structurally efficient form. The installation could be characterized by a computed form-finding of an historical structural paradigm (the vault), by an ultra-light material composition versus a traditionally dense material of brick or stone and by its playfulness of porosity while the structural interdependence of its modules lay crucial to its rigidity. Hence, the gateway project could be experience using the complex calculations that delimit architects and allow a diverse range of complex forms to be created with great ease using computer algorithms

In general architectural discourse, movement in architecture is one of those many notions bandied about without any real specificity or complexity. However, both virtual forms and physical structures can be created with the help of computer modeling, programming, simulation and imaging. This can be known as parametric design.

Schumacher (2012) defines parametricism is the most potent movement and avant-garde style in architecture today. Parametric modification can be accomplished with a spread sheet, script or by manually changing dimension text in the digital model. The proposed site for the Western Gateway offers a high exposure location to those entering the urban precinct of the municipality, as well as to those travelling along the freeway; hence we are expected to develop not only with simple parametric modelling but take a step ahead by using generative algorithms to experience flow and movement.

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + ATTRACTOR POINT + EXTRUSION

SURFACE GRIDS + MATHS FUNCTIONS + EXTRUSION

SURFACE GRIDS + IMAGE SAMPLER + ROTATION

OVERLAPPING PATTERNS + IMAGE SAMPLER + EXTRUSION

SURFACE NORMALS + IMAGE SAMPLER + EXTRUSION

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + IMAGE SAMPLER + EXTRUSION

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + IMAGE SAMPLER + ROTATION

OVERLAPPING PATTERNS + MULTIPLE MATHS FUNCTIONS + ROTATION

SURFACE GRIDS + IMAGE SAMPLER + EXTRUSION

SURFACE GRIDS + CURVE ATTRACTOR + EXTRUSION

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + MATHS FUNCTIONS + EXTRUSION

OVERLAPPING PATTERNS + CURVE ATTRACTOR + EXTRUSION

I.2.1.1 INPUT/ASSOCIATION/OUTPUT MATRIX

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + MATHS FUNCTIONS + EXTRUSION

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + MULTIPLE MATHS FUNCTIONS + ROTATION

BOOLEAN PATTERINING + MATHS FUNCTIONS + EXTRUSION

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + MATHS FUNCTIONS + ROTATION

BOOLEAN PATTERNING + IMAGE SAMPLER + EXTRUSION

SURFACE NORMALS + ATTRACTOR POINT + ROTATION

SURFACE NORMALS + IMAGE SAMPLER + EXTRUSION

SURFACE NORMALS + ATTRACTOR POINT + ROTATION

SURFACE NORMALS + ATTRACTOR POINT + ROTATION

SURFACE NORMALS + ATTRACTOR POINT + ROTATION

I.2.1.2 REVERSE-ENGINEERED CASE-STUDY AIRSPACE TOKYO, THOM FAULDERS - Light and shadow Air Space is a zone where the artificial blends with nature, sunlight is refracted along its metallic surfaces, rainwater is channelled away from exterior walkways via capillary action and interior views are shielded behind its variegated and foliage-like cover.

- Pattern ( Voronoi) The double layer screen is derived from a compressed combination of unique patterns generated with parametric software, and is constructed using a composite metal panel material used for billboard backing and infrastructural protective coverings. To allow the cellular mesh to visually float, a matrix of thin stainless steel rods is threaded from top to bottom, to which the panels are affixed.

- Movement There are a series of digitally-generated geometries patterns overlaid as voids with puncture the 2 layers of the faรงade, resulting the interstitial cellular are acts as a visual dynamic threshold between the private and public, framing and fragmenting views as one moves around and through the building.

- Materials The dual layered skins are constructed of an aluminium and plastic composite material.

The connection between the case study and the expression of interest are similar in the installation of Wyndham city. Based on the research, there are materials and the combination of patterns needs to be generated and explored based on the site condition of the Wyndham city.

Spatial and journey of experience can be effect by different combination of patterns, lighting and movement.

I.2.1.3 MATERIAL EFFECT The double layer screen is derived from a compressed combination of unique patterns generated with parametric software. When the sunlight shrine, it shows light and shadow.

DESIGN NARATIVE Client’s aspiration: Wyndham city is known for the way in which it has preserved and developed its attributes to create a prosperous and exciting place in which to live and work. (Wyndham City, 2011-2015). One of the vision of city planning of Wyndham city is to create a city image by improve Wyndham’s gateways, open space areas and streetscapes to enhance the aesthetics and amenity for residents, businesses and visitors, in the same time its improve the visual appearance to encourage a sense of pride and as a place to live, work and invest in Wyndham City. (The Quality Community Plan 2007) Intended for: The installation for Gateway in Wyndham city is intended for local resident, visitor and motorist that travelling along the Princess Freeway and the urban precinct of the municipality.

Design Intention: • A visual sense for the site.

• An eye-catching and iconic installation that create awareness of existing gateway.

• Interconnection between the human and nature environment.

• Exploring a way that architecture is the catalyst in which people experience this perpetuated journey.

• Focuses on how the journey, lighting, pattern and movement affects its Function: Function as a Public Art along the way to Princess Freeway. Public art providing opportunities for artistic self-expression, community dialogue, education and enjoyment, inspiring participation in appreciation and creation of art, and enhancement of the physical infrastructure and environment. Public art is specifically designed and created for display in the public realm that enhances the natural or built environment.

Location of the site The driveways adjacent to the sites run in two directions, there are highway toward the city facing the east, and west toward the country. The road between site A and site B takes the most traffic. The best view for installation to catch the most views for people who enter the city is the site A and Site B, which is one of the major highway between the interchange of entering city and country.

DESIGN CONCEPT: THRESHOLD OF A NEW JOURNEY Threshold means the starting point for a new state or experience. The interchange of the highway road between the direction towards to the city and urban town represent the different pathway, experience and direction in a journey. The idea of threshold is to show the transition of spaces, environment and moments in the process of entrance to the Gateway, a journey of exploration for the user.Elements that existence for achieve the sense of experience and journey based on the expression of interest.

PATTERN The pattern shows repetition work and function as decoration in the site. Based on the case study, we intended to use the pattern of Voronoi as the parametric design for the installation of Public art on the gateway site in Wyndham city. The solid and void in the surface layer of Voronoi, creates the light and shadow, and it is flexibility in creating movement and dynamic, playing of material and texture.

LIGHT AND SHADOW Light and shadow work in tandem to configure the visual sense in spaces. The light plays as a perpetual dance, its swift and fleeting and the shadow act as a spatial dynamics which transfigured our perceptual orientation.

To create an eye-catching installation, play of lighting in daytime and night time, when the sun rise on the east side on side, and sunset on the west, it create a sense of rhythm and continuity. In night time, the light will be shown by artificial light, based on the case study of Casalgrande ceramic cloud, Kengo Kuma.

MOVEMENT When driver pass through the installation with the pattern shown on the picture below, the pattern consist of density from large pattern to gradually smaller pattern create dynamic movement. This creates a motion and kinetic movement based on the pattern when motorist pass through the site along the Princess Freeway, with a speed limit of 100km/h in site.