The Plan of Chicago: Resource Guide

C H I C A G O

P U B L I C

L I B R A R Y

CITY OF CHICAGO, RICHARD M. DALEY, MAYOR, PRESENTED BY THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY & THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY FOUNDATION

OBOC

CONTENTS

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Carl Smith Bio

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Daniel Burnham Bio

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Programs, Exhibits and Events

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Discussion Groups

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Discussion Questions

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Timeline: Chicago Planning

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The Plan in the News

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Further Reading

The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City by Carl Smith is the 17th selection for One Book, One Chicago.

For a list of past selections, go to chipublib.org.

Greetings, As Mayor and on behalf of the City of Chicago, I invite you to participate in the Fall 2009 One Book, One Chicago program presented by the Chicago Public Library.

In celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Plan of Chicago— Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett’s bold vision for our city and region— the Library has selected Carl Smith’s The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City. This book is essential to understanding our city’s evolution from prairie, to industrial hub, to the city we know today. Smith gives remarkable insight into the need for and creation of such an ambitious plan for our city in 1909, a plan now regarded as a landmark in the history of urban planning.

The award-winning One Book, One Chicago program encourages all Chicagoans to read the same book at the same time, offering events, discussions, exhibits and more to enhance the experience. This book will bring people together to learn about our city’s past and to contemplate its future. All Chicagoans will enjoy learning more about the Plan of Chicago, and will be inspired by Burnham’s reimagining of our city and his determination to “Make No Little Plans,” as he famously said.

You can find a copy of The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City at your neighborhood Chicago Public Library or bookstore. Please take part in one of the many events and discussions throughout October, including a lecture by Carl Smith on October 24th.

Sincerely,

Richard M. Daley Mayor

The people of Chicago have ceased to be impressed by rapid growth or the great size of the city. What they insist asking now is, How are we living? Are we in reality prosperous?

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Carl Smith received his undergraduate degree from Brown University and his doctorate from Yale University. He is currently the Franklyn Bliss Snyder Professor of English and American Studies and Professor of History at Northwestern University.

His previous books are Chicago and the American Literary Imagination, 1880-1920 (1984) and Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Bomb, and the Model Town of Pullman (1994), which was named Best Book in North American Urban History by the Urban History Association. The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City was awarded the 2006 Lewis Mumford Prize for Best Book in American Planning History by the Society for American City and Regional Planning History. All three books were published by the University of Chicago Press. In collaboration with Academic and Research Technologies at Northwestern and the Chicago History Museum, Smith served as author and curator of two major online exhibitions, The Great Chicago Fire and the Web of Memory (chicagohistory.org/ďŹ re) and The Dramas of Haymarket (chicagohistory.org/dramas). In 1994, he was named Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence at Northwestern.

STEFANI FOSTER

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

– PLAN OF CHICAGO, P. 32

ABOUT DANIEL BURNHAM

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orn in 1846 in upstate New York, Daniel Hudson Burnham moved with his family to Chicago at age eight. As a young man he excelled at athletic and artistic pursuits, though not at academics, and he tried and failed to gain admittance to Harvard and Yale. After these disappointments and a brief time spent prospecting in the West, Burnham returned to Chicago and settled into a career in architecture, forming what would be an integral partnership with John Wellborn Root.

After a period of struggle and hardship, the partners got a break when asked to design a home for stockyards magnate John B. Sherman.

The successful completion of the project brought not only more commissions, but also Burnham’s engagement and marriage to Sherman’s daughter, Margaret. Burnham and Root would go on to design other residential, commercial and civic structures, but their most influential

works were buildings such as the Montauk, the Rookery and the Monadnock that helped inaugurate the era of the skyscraper in Chicago.

Burnham moved from these momentous achievements to what would be his greatest challenge to date—directing the design and construction of the grounds of the 1893 Columbian Exposition, a grand complex of buildings and waterways that would come to be known as the White City. The challenge was made all the more difficult by the tragic early death of John Root in 1891 from pneumonia.

Constructing the White City was a massive undertaking and Burnham was involved in aspects great and small, from choosing the architects involved to seeking out references for the most reliable grass mowers. Burnham’s central role also made him the main target of criticisms of the White City, most notably those made by the architect Louis Sullivan.

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n the years after the Fair, critics such as Sullivan would claim that the imposing neoclassicism that dominated the architecture of the White City had caused such a revival of the derivative style that more innovative styles, such as that of the Chicago School, suffered for years to come. At the time, however, there were few complaints and the public in general were so awed by the majestic White City that Burnham’s reputation was cemented overnight. He was named president of the American Institute of Architecture, received honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale and enjoyed a rich social life in Chicago and beyond.

Another long term effect of the Columbian Exposition was to create demand for comprehensive, directed urban planning exemplified by the City Beautiful reform movement. Burnham’s first experience in planning a real, permanent city came in 1901 when he was chosen to help create a plan for the area around the Capitol building in Washington, D.C., an assignment that dovetailed perfectly with both his talent for large scale city planning and his appreciation of neoclassical architecture. Burnham carried these elements forward in directing the design of plans for Cleveland in 1903 and for San Francisco and Manila in 1905. Although these plans were implemented with varying degrees of success (while the Cleveland and Manila Plans were largely adopted, the one for San Francisco was derailed by the disastrous earthquake of 1906) the aim of each was to bring order and beauty to urban areas that had grown chaotically during the years of the Industrial Revolution.

Burnham’s growing expertise and influence in the field of urban planning culminated in his massively ambitious plan for his own home town, the 1909 Plan of Chicago. With co-author Edward Bennett, he spent years amassing statistics and consulting experts in order to create a stunningly ambitious plan for the design of not only the lakefront parks, but for all of Chicago, extending up to 60 miles from the city center. The stated goals of the plan were to make the city both more convenient for business and more enjoyable for the private citizen.

Parts of the plan were implemented in the following decades and, though some aspects proved unfeasible to implement, it became the inspiration for urban planning projects throughout the world.

This sweeping and well-received vision would turn out to be the pinnacle of Burnham’s life’s work. After completion of the Plan, he refused numerous requests to design plans for other cities and slowed the pace of his professional life considerably in the coming years, enjoying leisure and travel until the time of his death in Heidelburg, Germany in 1912.

Sources: Burnham of Chicago. Thomas S. Hines. University of Chicago Press, 1974.

“Daniel Hudson Burnham,” in Business Leader Profiles for Students. Vol. 1. Gale Group, 1999.

“Daniel Hudson Burnham,” in Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols.

Gale Research, 1998.

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Burnham was a singular and complex character; the only novel I ever longed to write would have attempted to present him as its hero. – HARRIET MONROE, A POET’S LIFE

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PROGRAMS & EVENTS The below programs are free and open to the public, with no reservations required unless otherwise noted. For more information on programming, call () - or go to chipublib.org.

KICK-OFF EVENT

FILMS AND PERFORMANCES

Chicago Visionaries: From Burnham to Today And Beyond Tuesday, August , : – : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium 400 S. State St.

Make No Little Plans: Daniel Burnham and the American City

Chicago today is as much on the brink of progress as the Chicago of  years ago. Join some of our city’s most innovative thinkers in a discussion of how to keep Chicago vital and vibrant in the st century. Panelists include One Book, One Chicago author Carl Smith; Nichole Pinkard, Director of Innovation at the University of Chicago’s Urban Education Institute; architects Sarah Dunn and Martin Felsen of UrbanLab and Archeworks; and Angela Hurlock, Director of Claretian Associates, developers of green and affordable housing on Chicago’s Southeast side. Moderated

by MarySue Barrett, President of the Metropolitan Planning Council.

Presented in partnership with the Newberry Library, Chicago Matters and the Burnham Plan Centennial.

This documentary film explores the fascinating life and complex legacy Daniel Hudson Burnham and how his vision to organize the chaos of th century America shaped the nation’s towns and cities for generations.

The film, the first full-length documentary about Burnham, was directed by Judith McBrien and produced by The Archimedia Workshop (thearchimediaworkshop.org) in consultation with Kartemquin Films. Run time is approximately  minutes.

Wednesday, September , : p.m.

Millennium Park, Pritzker Pavilion  E. Randolph St. The following screenings also offer a discussion after the film with the director and other great Chicago thinkers: Tuesday, September , : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium  S. State St. Thursday, October , : p.m.

Sulzer Regional Library  N. Lincoln Ave. Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Woodson Regional Library  S. Halsted St.

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Lookingglass Theatre presents this one-man performance, adapted and directed by Ensemble Member John Musial and starring Ensemble Member Raymond Fox as Daniel Burnham. The performance recreates the initial presentation of Burnham’s Plan to the public. Musial’s staging brings out the genius in Burnham’s project while visually linking his plan with today’s Chicago through both authentic original slides and modern-day photography.

LECTURES AND PANEL DISCUSSIONS South Chicago Celebrates the Burnham Plan Tuesday, September , : – : p.m.

South Chicago Branch 9055 S. Houston Ave. Join a special South Chicago Advisory Committee meeting for a celebration of the Plan of Chicago and what Daniel Burnham’s legacy means to this evolving community. Hear from speakers on how the Plan is still being implemented today for the betterment of South Chicago and learn about the latest community plans and improvements from local advocates— including Angela Hurlock of Claretian Associates.

Chicago’s Transportation History and Future Wednesday, September , : p.m.

Sulzer Regional Library 4455 N. Lincoln Ave. Newberry Library map historian James R. Akerman and urban planning policy expert Joseph P. Schwieterman of DePaul University join forces to explore Daniel Burnham’s treatment of transportation in the Plan of Chicago and to examine the region’s identity as the nation’s crossroads.

Presented in partnership with the Newberry Library and the Burnham Plan Centennial.

The Unraveling of Chicago Public Housing Tuesday, October , : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium TRIBUNE PHOTO BY OVIE CARTER

Our Future Metropolis: Mr. D.H. Burnham Presents a Plain Talk for the Development of Chicago Monday, September , : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium  S. State St.

Join D. Bradford Hunt, Associate Professor of Social Science at Roosevelt University and author of Blueprint for Disaster: The Unraveling of Chicago Public Housing, as he reflects on Chicago public housing from its New Deal roots through the current Mayor Daley’s Plan for Transformation.

Presented in partnership with Chicago Matters and the National Museum of Public Housing.

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PROGRAMS & EVENTS One Writer On Home Wednesday, October 14, 6:00 p.m.

DePaul University John R. Cortelyou Commons Building 2324 N. Fremont St.

Carl Smith: Chicago–The American City Saturday, October , : a.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium 400 S. State St.

Chicago-based fiction writer Bayo Ojikutu (th Street Black, Free Burning) reads from his latest work and discusses the manner in which recent civic phenomena—gentrification, the city’s bid for the  Olympics and the emergence of President Barack Obama from the city’s South Side—have affected how Chicago writers speak to the city’s burgeoning global identity and its st century aspirations.

Join the author of the Fall  One Book, One Chicago selection! Smith gives an exciting and engaging illustrated talk about the remarkable effort to create and implement the Plan of Chicago. What put Burnham at the helm of this gargantuan task to restructure our city? How did Burnham’s plan change the way that Chicago and other American cities are built?

Sponsored by DePaul University’s Department of English. For more information, go to depaul.edu/~oboc or call () -.

From City Beautiful to City Green Thursday, October , : p.m.

Vodak-East Side Branch 3710 E. 106th St. Join the Newberry Library’s Diane Dillon, Loyola University’s Harold Platt, and Openlands’ Glenda Daniel for a discussion of how the Plan of Chicago responded to lack of public open, green spaces and the weak relationship of the city to the region, and how similar environmental questions are being addressed today.

Presented in partnership with the Newberry Library and the Burnham Plan Centennial.

Parks, Squares, Lawns, Woods and Dales: The Burghs of Fictive Chicago Monday, October , : p.m.

DePaul University Student Center, Room  2250 N. Sheffield Ave. Chicago writers Billy Lombardo, Gina Frangello and Eric May read from their work and consider how Chicago has defined them as writers, teachers, and editors. The authors will address this city of interwoven villages, and how it has informed the insights offered in their poetry and prose.

Sponsored by DePaul University’s Department of English.

For more information, go to depaul.edu/~oboc or call () -.

Sustainability Through Lighting Design Tuesday, October , : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium 400 S. State St. From “big plans” to the finest detail, the architect plays a significant role in how both public and private spaces make use of valuable energy. Learn more about the models used for

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conserving electrical power with how we light our homes and workplaces with architect Patrick H. Grzybek of Perkins+Will.

The Biography of Chicago Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium 400 S. State St. Join historian Dominic Pacyga as he traces our city’s storied past, from the explorations of Joliet and Marquette in  to the new wave of urban pioneers today. Pacyga’s latest book, Chicago: A Biography, is filled with all of the city’s characters and defining moments.

Presented in partnership with Columbia College and Chicago Matters.

Bold Plans for the Next 100 Years Saturday, November , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium 400 S. State St. In , what change will have come to our dwellings, roadways and transit, communications networks, technology, and economies?

Join moderator Adele Simmons and a panel including urban designer Bruce Mau, architect and planner Doug Farr, and Cheryle Jackson, president of the Chicago Urban League, for a look into an imaginative future.

Presented by the Chicago Humanities Festival, in partnership with the Chicago Public Library and Chicago Matters. Tickets are $, on sale to CHF members on Tuesday, September  and to the general public on Monday, September . Go to chfestival.org or call () -.

The Future of Chicago–How We Get There Saturday, November , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Cindy Pritzker Auditorium 400 S. State St. From neighborhood to city to region, how are innovative planners, activists and policy makers making a difference on the ground today and how will they be leading our city forward over the next  years? Panelists include John Fregonese, a regional planning and transportation expert; Sadhu Johnston, the City of Chicago’s Chief Environmental Officer; and Carlos Nelson, Executive Director, Greater AuburnGresham Development Corporation.

Presented by the Chicago Humanities Festival, in partnership with the Chicago Public Library and Chicago Matters. Tickets are $, on sale to CHF members on Tuesday, September  and to the general public on Monday, September . Go to chfestival.org or call () -.

Bonus CHF Program: Think Big Youth Expo Saturday, November , : a.m. – : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Reception Hall, 400 S. State St. During the recent school year, the Chicago Humanities Festival worked with area elementary school students to explore the city’s relevance to them, reflecting on Daniel Burnham’s Plan of Chicago and their own roles in moving the city forward today. Come view a selection of student writings and artwork that represent the big ideas of Chicago’s youth, and hear from student docents who participated in the project.

Presented by the Chicago Humanities Festival, in partnership with the Chicago Public Library and Chicago Matters. Free, reservations not required. Space may be limited. For more information go to chfestival.org or call () -.

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PROGRAMS & EXHIBITS EXHIBITS Make Big Plans—Daniel Burnham’s Vision of an American Metropolis Through October  unless noted below.

This exhibition, curated by the Newberry Library, commemorates the Plan of Chicago and emphasizes its relevance to metropolitan development now and into the future. Reproductions of compelling images from the Plan and other sources will engage audiences in the history and implications of Burnham’s regional vision. In addition to the below CPL locations, the exhibit can be viewed at various suburban libraries, Midway and O’Hare airports and burnhamplan.org.

Albany Park Branch  N. Kimball Ave.

Roosevelt Branch  W. Taylor St.

Bucktown-Wicker Park Branch  N. Milwaukee Ave.

South Chicago Branch  S. Houston Ave.

Chicago Bee Branch  S. State St. Harold Washington Library Center Congress Corridor  S. State St. (Through Sept.) Lozano Branch  S. Loomis St. Rogers Park Branch  N. Clark Ave.

Sulzer Regional Library  N. Lincoln Ave. Thurgood Marshall Branch  S. Racine Ave. Vodak-East Side Branch  E. th St. Woodson Regional Library  S. Halsted St.

Burnham Pavilions Through October 31 Millennium Park, South Chase Promenade The iconic centerpieces of the Burnham Plan Centennial are two temporary architectural pavilions in Millennium Park. World renowned architects Zaha Hadid (London), and Ben van Berkel (UNStudio, Amsterdam) designed these bold Pavilions to echo the audacious futurelooking images and words of the Burnham Plan.

Free and open to the public, they are intended to provide a focal point for the Centennial events taking place throughout the region.

Presented by the Burnham Plan Centennial in collaboration with the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs, the Art Institute of Chicago and Millennium Park Inc. For more information visit burnhamplan.org.

Chicago Model City Through November  Chicago Architecture Foundation Atrium Gallery 224 S. Michigan Ave. From Burnham’s Plan of Chicago to the  Olympic bid, Chicago Model City features the stories of the people who made Chicago a symbol of urban transformation. The exhibition centerpiece—a large-scale architectural model of the city—will inspire you to imagine the future of metropolitan regions everywhere.

For more of the Chicago Architecture Foundation’s tours and programming related to the Plan of Chicago and Daniel Burnham’s legacy, go to architecture.org.

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Daniel Burnham’s Plan Of Chicago Through December  The Art Institute of Chicago 111 S. Michigan Ave. This exhibition, launched in September , presents prized illustrations from the Art Institute of Chicago Department of Architecture and Design’s collection in five separate and insightful rotations. The exhibition offers an extraordinary opportunity to view historically significant and artistically exceptional documents that, because of their fragility, are rarely displayed publicly.

For more information visit artic.edu.

Burnham Memorial Design Competition July  through October  The Field Museum, Brooker Gallery 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. The exhibit will showcase the winning entry model, three finalists entries and a video loop of all  original submissions for this invitational competition to create a lasting memorial in honor the memory of Daniel Burnham and his Plan of Chicago and provide inspiration for the future.

The Competition is a joint effort of the Richard H. Driehaus Charitable Lead Trust, The Field Museum and AIA Chicago Foundation. For more information visitburnhamplan.org.

Inspiring Dreams! Promoting the Burnham Plan August ,  – February  Harold Washington Library Center Chicago Gallery, Third Floor 400 S. State St. This exhibit explores how Daniel Burnham’s Plan of Chicago was promoted to Chicago’s citizens, from the Wacker Manual, to church sermons and department store window displays.

Big. Bold. Visionary. Chicago Considers the Next Century September  through October  The Chicago Tourism Center 72 E. Randolph St. This exhibit taps current Chicago architects, planners and landscape architects for their visions of the city and region in the st century and beyond. Their rich and diverse ideas are representative of the many influences that have made this city the world capital of architecture. All are fundamentally Big, Bold and Visionary in the mold of Daniel Burnham.

Presented by the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs in collaboration with the Burnham Plan Centennial. For more information call () - or visit burnhamplan.org.

Chicago Matters: Beyond Burnham Now in its th year, Chicago’s award-winning multimedia public affairs series returns in  with Chicago Matters: Beyond Burnham to explore how our region can thrive in a global era. Partnering with One Book, One Chicago to present a variety of programs, Chicago Matters explores the political, social and environmental questions important to our future place in the world. Visit chicagomatters.org for more information.

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PROGRAMS & EVENTS COMMUNITY DISCUSSIONS Community Discussions: What’s Next?

Eleven CPL locations will host community discussions featuring facilitators whose insights into the Plan of Chicago and related topics will bring added depth to the conversation. Using Carl Smith’s book as a launching point, these programs will ask: How has the city been shaped by our needs these past one hundred years and how will it evolve in the next one hundred? What’s next?

Presented in partnership with Chicago Matters, The Great Books Foundation and the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning.

Saturday, October  : p.m.

Rogers Park Branch  N. Clark St. () -

Thursday, October  : p.m.

South Chicago Branch  S. Houston Ave. () -

Monday, October  : p.m.

Albany Park Branch  N. Kimball Ave. () -

Saturday, October  : a.m.

Bucktown-Wicker Park Branch  N. Milwaukee Ave. () -

Tuesday, October  : p.m.

Roosevelt Branch  W. Taylor St. () - Wednesday, October  : p.m.

Sulzer Regional Library  N. Lincoln Ave. () -

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Saturday, October  : p.m.

Mayfair Branch  W. Lawrence Ave. () - Thursday, October  : p.m.

Woodson Regional Library  S. Halsted St. () -

Saturday, October  : a.m.

Thurgood Marshall Branch  S. Racine Ave. () -

Wednesday, October  : p.m.

Lozano Branch  S. Loomis St. () -

Tuesday, October  : p.m.

Vodak-East Side Branch  E. th St. () -

COURSES, FAIRS, TOURS AND MORE The Burnham Pavilions: Talks with the Team September ,  and , : p.m.

October  and , : p.m.

Burnham Pavilions in Millennium Park, South Chase Promenade The series of free informal tours and talks about the Burnham Centennial Pavilions features Burnham Centennial staff and professionals who were involved with the project.

Learn directly from the insiders about the planning, design, construction, techniques, artistry and technology involved in making the pavilions a reality. Meet at the North end of the South Chase Promenade.

Presented by the Burnham Plan Centennial, the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs and Millennium Park Inc. For more information visit burnhamplan.org.

DePaul University Course –Chicago in Literature: Beyond the Burnham Plan DePaul University’s Department of English offers a course dedicated to exploring literary facets of the city’s One Book, One Chicago selection. In autumn , English : “Literature and Social Engagement – Chicago’s One Book: Issues and Perspectives” will celebrate the Burnham Centennial and will be taught by Bayo Ojikutu, acclaimed Chicago-based fiction writer. The course looks at the manner in which the city’s place so near the historic crossroads of this America has allowed Chicago to function as the lever of East-to-West cultural exchange.

We will explore this functionality as it informed Daniel Burnham’s brilliant cityscape then innervated Chicago’s bevy of well-regarded creative writers and the literature most readily entwined with the city’s legacy. This ten-week course meets Mondays and Wednesdays, from : a.m.– : p.m., beginning on September th.

Sponsored by DePaul University’s Department of English. This is a paid tuition-based course. For more information, go to depaul.edu/~oboc or call () -. See pg.  for free programming offered by DePaul University.

DePaul Burnham Birthday Celebration Friday, September , : p.m. reception : p.m. dinner and program Maggiano’s Little Italy 516 N. Clark St. In honor of the Plan Centennial and the rd birthday of Daniel Hudson Burnham, DePaul University will be hosting a reception and banquet dinner. Recognize the great programs being offered as part of the Centennial and celebrate the future of our region.

This is a paid, ticketed event. $ for dinner, cash

bar. For more information or to RSVP, please email Burnham@depaul.edu or call () -.

Bold Plans. Big Dreams.

Community Showcase Tours October 10, 9:30 am-12:30 pm and 1:30-4:30 pm Explore the unique stories and bold plans of six diverse Chicago neighborhoods as told through the voices of community leaders and residents.

The three-hour tours will leave and return from downtown and include: • Gateway to the World (Albany Park) • Rebuilding a Classic Chicago Community (Auburn Gresham) • Discover Pilsen (Pilsen) • From Civil War to Civil Rights and Beyond (Quad Communities) • From Pollution to Solution (South Chicago) • Gateway to India (West Ridge) Presented by the Burnham Plan Centennial in collaboration with LISC Chicago, the Chicago Cultural Alliance and six community organizations. The tours are free, but registration is required. Contact info@ burnhamplan.org or visit burnhamplan.org.

Chicago Area Archivists Fair Saturday, October , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center Reception Hall and Multi-Purpose Rooms  S. State St. It’s impossible to celebrate a centennial of any kind without thinking of how we learn about the past. The Chicago Archives Fair showcases the remarkable research facilities available in area museums, libraries, universities, historical societies and associations. Sponsored by Chicago Area Archivists, Chicago Metro History Education Center and the Chicago Public Library.

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PROGRAMS & EVENTS PROGRAMS FOR TEENS Daniel Burnham Meets YOUmedia at the Chicago Public Library

The change-makers no longer dwell in smokey rooms and high-back leather chairs. They are students, gamers, musicians, designers, photographers, filmmakers, bloggers and tweeters. YOUmedia is a dynamic new space in the Harold Washington Library Center that connects young adults with books, digital technologies and Chicago’s educational and cultural communities, inspiring collaboration and creativity. In celebration of the Burnham Plan Centennial and the rising generation of urban innovators, YOUmedia will offer a series of digital media workshops designed to further equip young adults with the technical and critical skills needed to shape the world around them.

The YOUmedia Centennial Series Workshops include: • Viral Reform: Ignite social change via Twitter, YouTube and Social Networking.

• Being Daniel Burnham: Apply the practice of gaming to design a st Century Plan for Chicago.

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• Tracing Changes: Capture the city’s oral history through digital photographic and cinematic documentation.

• The Great Persuasion: Build a digital ‘soap box’ through the mediums of blogging and podcasting.

• Progressive Propaganda: Create messages promoting a new vision for urban beautification using graphic design.

For up-to-date information visit the website at youmediachicago.org.

Experience the Plan of Chicago Through Geocaching This hands-on experience allows participants to discover the history of Chicago while using st century tools. Join experienced Geocachers (treasure-hunters who use Global Positioning System devices) in a hunt to rediscover  Chicago. Using handheld GPS units, participants will tour several historic spots that Daniel Burnham used to create the Plan of Chicago while hunting for clues to enhance this journey through time.

For teens ages fourteen-up, parents and educators.

Pre-registration is required and attendance is capped at  participants per a program. Presented in partnership with Science Chicago.

Wednesday, August , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center – YOUmedia  S. State St. () - Special Online Geocaching Challenge: Check out the online independent geocaching GPS Classroom challenge from July  through August . Complete your activity sheet and turn it in to any Chicago Public Library location. After your sheets are scored, you will be eligible to win a prize in

a Teen Volume raffle of books, wrist bands and more.

Winners will be contacted in early September!

Discover Chicago: A Fun and Educational Two-Part Workshop Series For teens ages fourteen-up, parents and educators.

This two-part workshop series is presented in partnership with DePaul University’s Chaddick Institute for Metropolitan Development (las.depaul.edu/chaddick). Attendance is limited and pre-registration is required. Please call the branch phone numbers listed below.

Part one: Who was Daniel Burnham? Play “Metro Joe” trivia games and participate in activities to learn about him; urban planning and the Chicago region; and the amazing grid system that Daniel Burnham proposed in  that makes our city both beautiful and easy to navigate.

Saturday, September , : - : p.m.

Blackstone Branch  S. Lake Park Ave. () - Saturday, September , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center – YOUmedia  S. State St. () - Part two: Experience the Plan of Chicago firsthand. Take a field trip to the Loop to see Chicago’s world-famous architecture as well as Grant Park, the wide expanse of green grass preserved for Chicagoans like you!

Transportation will be provided by chartered bus from Blackstone to and from the Harold Washington Library Center to teens, parents and educators with permission slips signed by a parent or guardian (if under ). Meet at Blackstone at : p.m. and plan to return at approximately : p.m. The program will be from :-: downtown.

Saturday, September , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center – YOUmedia  S. State St. () - Our Future Metropolis: Mr. D.H. Burnham Presents a Plain Talk for the Development of Chicago Saturday, September , : - : p.m.

Harold Washington Library Center – YOUmedia 400 S. State St. Lookingglass Theatre presents this one-man performance, adapted and directed by Ensemble Member John Musial and starring Ensemble Member Raymond Fox as Daniel Burnham. The performance recreates the initial presentation of Burnham’s Plan to the public. Musial’s staging brings out the genius in Burnham’s project while visually linking his plan with today’s Chicago through both authentic original slides and modern-day photography.

For teens ages fourteen-up, parents and educators.

Saturday, September , : - : p.m.

Blackstone Branch  S. Lake Park Ave. () -

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i Attend a discussion of The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City at your local Chicago Public Library location. Discussions are listed chronologically and are free and open to the public. No reservations required.

Also see p. 12 for our “Community Discussion” programs.

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Thursday, October , : p.m.

Walker Branch  S. Hoyne Ave. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Beverly Branch  W. th St. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Chicago Lawn Branch  S. Kedzie Ave. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Eckhart Park Branch  W. Chicago Ave. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Toman Branch  S. Pulaski Rd. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Harold Washington Library Center, Room N-  S. State St. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Humboldt Park Branch  N. Troy St. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Avalon Branch  S. Stony Island Ave. () -

Monday, October , : p.m.

McKinley Park Branch  W. th St. () -

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Sherman Park Branch  S. Racine Ave. () -

Tuesday October , : p.m.

West Belmont Branch  N. Narragansett Ave. () -

Thursday, October , :p.m.

West Chicago Branch  W. Chicago Ave. () -

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Canaryville Branch  W. rd St. () -

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Lincoln Belmont Branch  W. Melrose Ave. () -

Tuesday, October , : p.m.

West Addison Branch  W. Addison St. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Budlong Woods Branch  N. Lincoln Ave. () -

Saturday, October , : p.m.

Blackstone Branch  S. Lake Park Ave. () - Saturday, October , : p.m.

Uptown Branch  W. Buena Ave. () - Saturday, October , : p.m.

Legler Branch  S. Pulaski Rd. () - Saturday, October , : p.m.

South Shore Branch  E. rd St. () - Saturday, October , : p.m.

Merlo Branch  W. Belmont Ave. () -

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DISCUSSION GROUPS Monday, October , : p.m.

North Austin Branch  W. North Ave. () -

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Scottsdale Branch  W. th St. () -

Friday, October , : p.m.

Whitney Young Branch  S. King Dr. () -

Tuesday, October , : p.m.

Austin-Irving Branch  W. Irving Park Rd. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

King Branch  S. King Dr. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Pullman Branch  S. Indiana Ave. () -

Tuesday, October , : p.m.

Clearing Branch  W. rd Pl. () -

Saturday, October , : a.m.

Brainerd Branch  W. th St. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Northtown Branch  N. California Ave. () -

Saturday, October , : p.m.

Bessie Coleman Branch  E. rd St. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Midwest Branch  W. Chicago Ave. () -

Tuesday, October , : p.m.

Roden Branch  N. Northwest Hwy. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Galewood-Mont Clare Branch  W. Grand Ave. () -

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Tuley Park Branch  E. th Pl. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Archer Heights Branch  S. Archer Ave. () -

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Edgebrook Branch  W. Devon Ave. () -

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Mt. Greenwood Branch  S. Kedzie Ave. () -

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i DICUSSION GROUPS CONTINUED Join a discussion group outside of the Chicago Public Library at the following locations.

CPL thanks these participating organizations!

Monday, October , : p.m.

Wednesday, October , : p.m.

Tuesday, October , : p.m.

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Harold Washington College  E. Lake St. () -

Have your own book club outside of the library? Use your Chicago Public Library card to check out a tote bag filled with eight copies of The Plan of Chicago:

Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City, resource guides and tips for your book discussion. Book Club in a Bag is available by placing a hold through the online catalog, or to obtain in person at:

Blackstone Branch  S. Lake Park Ave.

Beverly Branch  W. th St.

Harold Washington Library Center, October , : p.m.

Barnes & Noble Webster Place Presented by the Great Books Foundation  W. Webster Ave. () -

Popular Library,  S. State St.

Rogers Park Branch  N. Clark St.

Sulzer Regional Library  N. Lincoln Ave.

October , : p.m.

Barnes & Noble Old Orchard Presented by the Great Books Foundation

West Chicago Branch

 Old Orchard Center, Skokie () -

Woodson Regional Library

Thursday, October , : p.m.

Loyola University Lewis Library, Water Tower Campus  E. Pearson St., Room  () - Thursday, October , : p.m.

Gerber/Hart Library  W. Granville Ave. () -

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 W. Chicago Ave.  S. Halsted Ave.

i

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.

Carl Smith quotes Daniel Burnham as saying Chicago’s rise had resulted in “the chaos incident to rapid growth, and especially to the influx of people of many nationalities without common traditions or habits of life” (p. 1). How does Burnham’s plan provide solutions to this “chaos,” and does it address this lack of “common traditions or habits of life” among Chicago’s citizens?

2.

The City Beautiful movement of which Burnham was a spokesman advocated that a beautiful urban environment would bring out the best in a city—creating integrated communities, reducing social conflict and increasing economic productivity. Thinking about specific neighborhoods and incidents in the 100 years since the Plan was published, do you find this to be true?

3.

Smith quotes Burnham in this critical passage of the Plan: “At no period in its history has the city looked far enough ahead… There can be no reasonable fear lest any plans that may be adopted shall prove too broad and comprehensive” (p. 98). Considering the challenges that lay before Chicago both at the time of the Plan (1909) and in the present, are Burnham’s claims here justified? Specifically, how might the city look far enough ahead at the present time? And what is the attitude in Chicago today toward grand planning?

4.

Smith comments on several aspects of the Burnham Plan that never came to fruition.

These would include the transformation of Congress Parkway into the “major east-west thoroughfare” (p. 149), and the unbuilt Civic Center. Were these missed opportunities, or were there good reasons for leaving these projects on the drawing boards?

5.

Do you agree with Jane Jacobs’ criticism of Burnham, expressed in her work The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961), that Burnham’s “emphasis on civic centers and monumental designs . . . degraded rather than improved the neighborhoods around them” (p. 157)?

6.

If Burnham were alive today, which parts of the Plan would he commend as most successful? As least successful? What new plans do you think he would propose?

The Chicago Public Library thanks The Great Books Foundation for providing the above questions.

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1779 Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable builds the first permanent, non-indigenous settlement in what is now Chicago.

1833 The Town of Chicago is incorporated with a population of less than .

1836 An early map drawn by canal commissioners describes the land which is now Grant Park as “Public Ground — Common to Remain Forever Open, Clear, and Free of Any Buildings, or Other Obstruction Whatever.”

1848 The Illinois & Michigan Canal, linking the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River waterways, is completed.

The first railroad tracks are laid in Chicago, soon making it the railroad hub of the nation.

1850 Chicago’s population, skyrocketing more than % in one decade, reaches ,.

1869 The Illinois State Legislature creates three separate Park Commissions to maintain and extend public park land, and to develop an interconnected boulevard system.

20

1889 Construction begins on the Sanitary and Ship Canal, which will reverse the flow of the Chicago River when completed.

As the city’s population continues to grow rapidly, Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr establish the Hull House settlement house on the Near West Side to address squalid and crowded living conditions, illiteracy, poverty and disease.

1890 Fighting for public access to the lakefront, mail-order retail magnate Aaron Montgomery Ward successfully sues the City of Chicago for removal of structures and cleanup of the land that will become Lake Park (later Grant Park).

UICHICAGO, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY,

COURTESY OF CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Map Showing the Burnt District in Chicago, 1871 (3rd Edition, Published by the R.P. Studley Company, St. Louis).

1871 The Great Chicago Fire rages for  hours and reduces a third of the city to rubble and ash. Aided by an outpouring of international charity, the city rebuilds and cleans up most signs of destruction within one year.

Ellen Gates Starr sits outside in front of Hull-House with a young child on her lap not long after she and Addams opened the Settlement.

TIMELINE: KEY MOMENTS IN CHICAGO PLANNING

1916 The Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North begins in earnest.

Municipal Pier (now Navy Pier) is completed.

1897 The Union Elevated Railroad constructs the elevated Loop connecting several passenger rail lines that serve the city.

1925 Union Station is completed and haphazard railroad tracks are realigned.

1900 Chicago, population ,,, is the fifth largest city in the world.

The flow of the Chicago River is reversed using a series of canal locks, causing the river to flow west instead of east, into the newly completed Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal.

1901 The Tenement Conditions in Chicago, a scathing report on the living conditions of the Near West and Near Northwest sides, is published.

1908 The “Brennan system”, named for building superintendent Edward P. Brennan, standardizes street naming and numbering across Chicago’s vast grid. State and Madison Streets become the city’s primary axes, and street address numbers now register distance and direction.

1909 The Plan of Chicago is approved in March and revealed ceremoniously on July .

1912 Daniel Burnham dies at the age of  during a visit to Germany. Between now and , Chicagoans approve some  Plan-related bond issues covering  different projects with a combined cost of $ million.

CHICAGO DAILY NEWS

1893 The World’s Columbian Exposition attracts  million attendees and raises the profile of architect Daniel Burnham, chief designer and supervisor of construction.

Elevated view of the construction of Union Station, seen from the center, located at 210 South Canal Street and West Adams Street.

1926 The upper/lower riverfront drive, which routes commercial traffic around the Loop and beautifies the riverfront, is opened and named for Plan Commission chairman Charles Wacker.

1937 Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) is established.

1939 The Chicago Plan Commission is reorganized and absorbed into city government.

1943 Master Plan of Residential Land Use of Chicago is published by the Chicago Plan Commission, outlining issues in housing.

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TRIBUNE PHOTO BY WALTER KALE

1945 Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is established.

1962 The Robert Taylor Homes are completed, becoming the largest public housing project in the United States, containing almost , apartments and , people.

1963 O’Hare Airport opens.

1966 The Comprehensive Plan of Chicago is published the Chicago Plan Commission, emphasizing improvements to the living conditions for families, working people, and the disadvantaged.

1970 Union Stock Yards close.

Robert Taylor buildings, 1960s. The 28 buildings at the Robert Taylor Homes contain more than 4,400 dwelling units. Although meant to be an improvement over the slums they replaced, the buildings turned into hot zones for a host of social problems, as did many high-rise projects across America.

1950 African American activist Robert Taylor resigns from the CHA board when the city council refuses to endorse potential CHA locations that will stimulate racially integrated housing.

1955 Mayor Richard J. Daley is elected for the first of five terms.

1959 Chicago’s new Department of City Planning prepares the Development Plan for the Central Area of Chicago. Among its recommendations are a civic center east of the City Hall-County Building (now the Richard J. Daley Center), the State of Illinois Center (now the James R. Thompson Center), the relocation of the University of Illinois at Chicago from Navy Pier to its current campus west of downtown, and residential development just south of the Loop and on the Near North Side.

22

1972 “Rush-hour” bicycle lanes open on Clark and Dearborn Streets.

1973 Another city plan is published, Chicago , addresses the deterioration of the central city.

It includes improvements in transportation and the location of some city colleges and private university facilities in or near the Loop.

1983 Harold Washington is elected as the city’s first African American mayor.

1986 Mayoral allies win a lawsuit against the city in Federal Court, claiming that the ward map created after the  census had unfairly dispersed African American and Hispanic voters.

The Federal Court orders modifications to the borders of seven wards, as well as special elections in those wards.

1989 Richard M. Daley is elected mayor.

1995 Navy Pier reopens as a recreational facility with restaurants, entertainment, shops and other attractions.

TIMELINE: KEY MOMENTS IN CHICAGO PLANNING

2001 A plan is created by Chicago Metropolis , subtitled The Chicago Plan for the Twentyfirst Century.

2004 Millennium Park opens.

Navy Pier from Lake Michigan 1998 Construction begins on Millennium Park. Substantial private funding allows such world-class artists and architects as Jaume Plensa, Frank Gehry, Thomas Beeby and Anish Kapoor to contribute major works to the park.

2007 The last remaining building from the Robert Taylor Homes is demolished. A total of , low rise residential homes and apartments, seven new and renovated community facilities, and a number of retail and commercial spaces are to be built in place of the old high-rise buildings.

Sources: Smith, Carl. The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham, and the Remaking of the American City. University of Chicago Press, .

Condit, Carl. Chicago, -: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology. University of Chicago Press, .

Condit, Carl. Chicago, -; Building, Planning, and Urban Technology. University of Chicago Press, .

The Encyclopedia of Chicago online: encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.

Millenium Park Pritzker Pavilion by Frank Gehry 2000 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development approves the Chicago Housing Authority Plan for Transformation, developed with input from elected resident leaders and the City of Chicago. Under the plan, the CHA will improve the appearance, quality and culture of public housing in Chicago.

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PLAN OF CHICAGO IN

THE NEWS

EXCERPTS FROM THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE

Explain Details of Great Chicago July 4, 1909 At last, after nearly three years of continuous and arduous labor on the part of a few citizens, members of the Commercial Club, the plans for “Beautiful Chicago,” Urbs in Horto—a city set in a garden—as our civic motto says, have been perfected.

They represent the composite production of many minds, a scheme whereby the city may be transformed in due course of time from a conglomerate urban mass into an aesthetically ideal, symmetrically perfect, commercially economical metropolis.

First Surveys for Proposed Rebuilding of Chicago Have Been Made

BY RODNEY GILBERT October 16, 1910 Chicago, the city beautiful, is no longer a mere dream. The surveyors, the advance agents of reform, are out with their transits, estimates are being made, and the first great step in the transformation of the city is about to be undertaken.

Plans for a City Beautiful; Chicago Not Last In the Race

BY DEXTER MARSHALL January 6, 1907 One of the most interesting races the world has ever known is being run by the cities in the United States, a race the running of which will involve the expenditure of untold sums of money and consume years of time, instead of minutes. But at the finish the cities will be transformed almost beyond recognition, and they will be so much

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better and more desirable places to live in that no one will begrudge either the time or the money expended.

Humanly speaking, there will never be a finish, since this race is for greater beauty, and there will have to be a radical change in the temperament of the composite people we call Americans before the desire to excel along lines the cities are now pursuing will be satisfied.

SEE NEW CHICAGO, GEM OF AMERICA October 27, 1906 The future Chicago is to be made one of the most artistic cities in this country—one of the world’s show places, esthetically considered.

Comprehensive plans for the development of the city along architectural lines, with beautiful public places and driveways, a connecting north and south boulevard, an outer parkway extending the entire length of the city along the lake front, and in time an outer park system, will be prepared

under direction of the Merchant’s Club.

Daniel H. Burnham, the veteran architect, who recently has prepared plans for the United States government for Washington, D.C. and Manilla, and also for the city of San Francisco, will have general supervision of the work. He has donated his services and intends to make the Chicago plan in its entirety the masterpiece of his life.

URGES THE NEED OF A CITY PLAN

BY CHARLES H. WACKER December 14, 1910 At the time of the civil war only 3 per cent of the population of the United States lived in cities, while at present 33 per cent are living in cities and 10 per cent in New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

The problem confronting the last generation was to provide gas, electric light, and pure water in the rapidly growing cities, and the problem confronting the present generation and the next is to provide light, air, and beautiful surroundings to the multitudes swarming to the cities.

The industrial development of the age, the expansion and perfection of means of communication, the invention of farm machinery, which upon the farm in a marked degree has replaced manual labor and at the same time vastly increased the possibilities for making land productive—these developments are among the underlying natural causes for the concentration of the population in cities Nature has richly endowed us with possibilities for making our city the best, healthiest,

and most beautiful of cities, if we only get together and adopt a plan for the development of the existing natural conditions and possibilities surrounding us. Such a plan, however, should not enter into or attempt to arrange details of administration of our city, which details must be left subject to such changes as the development that will take place from generation to generation may demand.

A city without a plan is like a ship without a rudder. Bearing this in mind, it seems entirely superfluous to tell the business men and the citizens generally that we should have a plan.

There is no doubt at all in my mind that with a better understanding of our project they will all realize the absolute necessity of planning for the future growth and expansion of a city that has grown in seventy-five years from a village and a couple of thousand frontiersmen and traders to a metropolitan city of nearly two and a quarter million people.

Articles © Chicago Tribune Company. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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FURTHER READING NONFICTION Architecture in Times of Need: Make It Right - Rebuilding the New Orleans’ Lower Ninth Ward by Kristin Feireiss, Brad Pitt (Introduction) In , the New Orleans Lower Ninth Ward was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. The Make It Right Foundation’s mission to rebuild and develop this New Orleans neighborhood focuses on sustainable design and green housing.

Big Plans: The Allure and Folly of Urban Design by Kenneth Kolson Kolson’s perspective takes into account the most important variable to successful urban planning—the human factor.

Beyond Burnham: An Illustrated History of Planning for the Chicago Region by Joseph P. Schwieterman and Alan Mammoser Written in conjunction with the Burnham Plan Centennial, this book highlights the plan’s legacy and future growth possibilities for the region.

Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner

by Thomas S. Hines Hines presents a fascinating biography of Burnham and a vivid portrait of the birth and growth of Chicago.

Chicago: A Biography by Dominic A. Pacyga One of Chicago’s most well-known public historians, Pacyga writes about moments in the lives of the men and women who built this powerhouse of a metropolis. The result is a vivid portrait of the community of Chicago.

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City Life by Witold Rybczynski Architect and author Rybczynski writes an insightful history of the American urban environment, emphasizing the need for inclusion of community within the planning process.

Daniel H. Burnham: Visionary Architect and Planner by Kristin Schaffer Reflected and highlighted in this work are many famous landmarks designed by Daniel Burnham and John Root, including the Reliance Building, the Monadnock, Rand-McNally, the Rookery Building, the Marshall Field store and the Art Institute of Chicago.

The Death and Life of Great American Cities

by Jane Jacobs Jacobs’ classic work reflects the history of urban planning in America and challenges contemporary urban planners with the question, “What makes cities work?” She argues that when it comes to our cities’ futures, tearing down and rebuilding is the wrong tactic.

Design Like You Give a Damn: Architectural Responses to Humanitarian Crises edited by Architecture for Humanity An incredible variety of innovative projects and socially responsible planning options from around the world are presented by the internationally lauded organization Architecture for Humanity in the search to design sustainable environments for communities in need.

Frank Lloyd Wright: American Master

by Kathryn Smith, photography by Alan Weintraub Featuring more than a hundred buildings designed by perhaps Chicago’s most well-known

architect, this beautifully illustrated book provides a great introduction for those not familiar with the scope of Wright’s design.

The Great Neighborhood Book: A Do-ItYourself Guide to Placemaking

by Jay Walljasper Despite current economic challenges, struggling communities can be revived, not by funding or the government, but by the people who live in the neighborhood. This book highlights feasible options that any community can implement to make their neighborhood a welcoming place to live.

Louis Sullivan: Prophet of Modern Architecture by Hugh Morrison A definitive biography of one of the most revered American architects of late th and early th centuries, Morrison’s thoroughly researched work offers insights into this brilliant life.

Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West by William Cronon This classic work highlights the role that Chicago played in the westward expansion during the second half of the th century. Cronon explores how the West was grounded in the development of cities and a metropolitan economy.

The New Urban Renewal: The Economic Transformation of Harlem and Bronzeville

by Derek S. Hyra The transformation and gentrification of two of America’s ghettos into vibrant, successful urban neighborhoods is discussed in this detailed work highlighting the gains and losses to the residents of New York’s Harlem and Chicago’s Bronzeville.

New Urbanism and Beyond: Designing Cities for the Future by Tigran Haas Haas outlines the design challenges facing cities today, including defining “New Urbanism” and its role in community planning.

Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change by Peter Newman The world faces an estimated urban population of five billion within the next  years.

Newman’s book highlights practical and successful ideas currently implemented in many cities and explains why the time to begin solving the climate crisis is now.

They All Fall Down: Richard Nickel’s Struggle to Save America’s Architecture

by Richard Cahan In , Chicago photographer Richard Nickel was killed as he tried to salvage artifacts from the ruins of Louis Sullivan’s magnificent Stock Exchange Building during its demolition. Cahan presents Nickel’s mission as a somber chapter in the story of Chicago’s urban renewal and rebuilding.

Toward a Livable City edited by Emilie Buchwald A collection of essays that celebrate community, this book presents ideas in which creative urban planning can inspire city neighborhoods and towns to help its inhabitants transform their environments into lively, vibrant places in which to live.

Urban Design and People by Michael Dobbins Dobbins highlights what urban design is and details its components, including the elements of environment, design, change and most importantly the people who will live in the community.

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FICTION The Architect by Meyer Levin Levin’s final novel is a fictionalized portrait of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, here called Andrew Lane, as he revolutionizes architectural theory and construction. Lane has encounters with real Chicago figures of the time, such as Theodore Dreiser and Jane Addams.

The Dream Seekers by Mark Grace The lives of two women from divergent backgrounds run parallel in late th century Chicago. The upper-class Isabelle suffocates within a loveless marriage while Hannah and her family face the hardships of being working-class immigrants in an unwelcoming city. Though these women never meet, they both seek out their independence and strive to live their lives on their own terms. Real Chicago figures and historical events permeate the novel, from Isabelle’s work at Jane Addams’ Hull House to Hannah’s brother’s involvement in the Pullman strike of .

Haussmann, or The Distinction

by Paul LaFarge This novel tells the unique tale of Baron GeorgesEugene Hausmann, the architect of modern Paris, and his love affair with an orphaned girl named Madeleine and the political scandal that breaks out. Hausmann is purported to have regretted all of the work that he did to transform the city and tells how Madeleine became an unknowing victim to the politics and social change of the time.

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Homeland: The Crown Family Saga Begins

by John Jakes The first of a two-part historical series that begins in  when an orphaned -year-old leaves Germany to live with his uncle in Chicago, this novel richly details the immigrant experience and highlights issues that people endured as the nation faced a new century.

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair This classic novel, first printed in , tells the story of a Lithuanian family recently immigrated to Chicago. Jurgis Rudkus finds a job at a meatpacking district where the work is physically hard, unsanitary and dangerous. Sinclair’s novel depicts the working conditions and injustices that many immigrants faced in trying to establish a comfortable life in America.

The Lazarus Project by Alexander Hemon A st century Chicago writer from Bosnia grows obsessed with the  death of a poor, Jewish immigrant who was shot by Chicago’s chief of police and accused of anarchism. Hemon creates a brilliant portrait of Chicago during two turnof-the-century eras—a city of immigrants then and now.

Looking Backward 2000-1887

by Edward Bellamy This classic utopian novel first printed in  tells the tale of wealthy Bostonian Julian West, who falls asleep one night and wakes up  years later in the year . Bellamy describes his thoughts about improving the future for a better society of people.

FURTHER READING NONFICTION CONTINUED

The Plan of Chicago:

Urban Design for a New Century: Placemaking for People by Lance Jay Brown, David Dixon and Oliver Gilham Award-winning projects by The American Institute of Architects’ (AIA) National Honor Awards for Urban Design demonstrate creative and forward design principles for st century living.

“See New Chicago Gem of America : Members of Merchants’ Club Launch a Comprehensive Project for Beautifying the City….” Chicago Daily Tribune. Oct. , : . (Read online: http://tinyurl.com/burnham)

Why Architecture Matters: Lessons from Chicago by Blair Kamin Pulitzer Prize-winning architecture critic Blair Kamin’s classic collection of columns offers the reader insight into Chicago’s vibrant and at times frustrating architectural past and future.

ARTICLES Unless otherwise noted, read these articles on any computer with Internet access with your Chicago Public Library card.

For more information on…

Burnham’s Life: Woodlock, Douglas P. “Burnham, Daniel Hudson.” American National Biography. Oxford University Press, . (Read online: http:// tinyurl.com/burnham)

“The Commercial Club’s Vision of a New Chicago.” Chicago Daily Tribune. July , : F. (Read online: http://tinyurl.com/burnham) City Planning: Catanese, Anthony James. “City Planning.” The World Book Encyclopedia. World Book, .

(Read online: http://tinyurl.com/cityplanning) Schultz, Stanley K. “City Planning.” The Reader’s Companion to American History. HoughtonMifflin, . (Read online: http://tinyurl. com/cityplanning) Reps, John W. “Burnham before Chicago: The Birth of Modern American Urban Planning.”

Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies  (): -. (Read on any Chicago Public Library computer (through JSTOR): http:// tinyurl.com/cityplanning)

van Zanten, David. “Burnham, Daniel Hudson” The Dictionary of Art. Grove’s Dictionaries, . (Read online: http://tinyurl.com/burnham)

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FURTHER READING FICTION CONTINUED Loving Frank by Nancy Horan Horan’s debut novel mixes fact with fiction and tells the life of Mamah Borthwick Cheney and her scandalous affair with American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Frank and Mamah abandon their families and travel the world together, but Mamah struggles with the roles she must play as wife, mother, lover and intellectual.

The Moments Lost: A Midwest Pilgrim’s Progress by Bruce Olds Young Franklyn Shivs leaves his Wisconsin farm and heads to Chicago where he lands a job as a beat reporter and ends up covering the Iroquis Theater fire of . Years later, he’s recruited to go to Michigan and cover the copper mine strike of . Here he finds himself in the middle of one of the most violent labor disputes in U.S. history as the workers fight for unionization.

Moon’s Crossing: A Novel by Barbara Croft Jim Moon, a Civil War veteran, is lured by the excitement of the World’s Fair in Chicago and leaves the monotony of his life and family in Iowa for bigger things. Moon realizes that the idealized dreams and bright future he envisioned is compromised by the greed and corruption of others.

The Pit: Story of Chicago by Frank Norris Part of a trilogy that takes a look at Chicago’s wheat market in the early s, The Pit details how the lives of all individuals involved—from the farmers to the bankers—are affected with the highs and lows of the market. Not only is Curtis Jadwin, an ambitious businessman, affected financially, but his obsession may have also ruined his marriage.

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Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser Eighteen-year-old Caroline leaves her rural Wisconsin home for Chicago and gets a job in a shoe factory. She quickly is faced with the long hours and hard physical demands of the job that crush her young and adventurous spirit.

Dreiser’s novel is a classic tale of the American experience in a growing capitalist economy.

The White City by Alec Michod Fans of Erik Larson’s nonfiction work, The Devil in the White City, will enjoy this fictionalized account set against the backdrop of the World’s Fair where a serial killer preys on young boys. Psychologist Elizabeth Handley is sent to Chicago to see if she can help establish a profile of the killer, but soon the son of an architect goes missing and may have ended up in the dangerous clutch of the “Husker.”

With the Procession by Henry Blake Fuller This novel explores the tension between native Chicagoans and the new immigrants that were a growing part of so many communities in the s. David Marshall, a wealthy grocer, feels engulfed by the “new comers.” Fuller’s classic is an interesting account of a time of change and instability, when acceptance and progress were hindered by fear.

BOOKS FOR KIDS AND TEENS Burnham’s Influence From the Masonic Temple Building to the Willis Tower, from the Flatiron to the Empire State Building, Burnham’s early work in developing tall buildings has forever changed how we look at and live in the sky. These titles might just do the same.

Built to Last: Building America’s Amazing Bridges, Dams, Tunnels, and Skyscrapers

by George Sullivan Ages - Skyscraper by Lynn Curlee Ages - Skyscrapers: How America Grew Up

by John Severance Ages - Skyscrapers: Uncovering Technology

by Chris Oxlade Ages - You Wouldn’t Want to Be a Skyscraper Builder!: A Hazardous Job You’d Rather Not Take

by John Malam, illustrated by David Antram Ages - Chicago History and Burnham’s Place in It How Chicago looks and works today has a lot to do with Burnham’s vision. His inspiration and dedication is apparent by looking around you and looking through the pages of these books.

Exploring the Chicago World’s Fair, 1893

by Laurie Lawlor Ages - Fair Weather by Richard Peck Ages - Great Cities of the World: Chicago

by Marc Nobleman Ages - The Great Fire by Jim Murphy Ages - A Travel Guide to Al Capone’s Chicago

by Diane Yancey Ages  and up Sister Cities It’s not just Chicagoans who are fascinated by the Plan of Chicago. These titles demonstrate how cities functioned before and after Burnham’s day.

Cities: Inside and Out by Claire Llewellyn, illustrated by Roger Stewart Ages - City: A Story of Roman Planning and Construction by David Macaulay Ages - The City ABC Book by Zoran Milich Ages -

Chicago History for Kids: Triumphs and Tragedies of the Windy City by Owen Hurd Ages -

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FURTHER READING BOOKS FOR KIDS AND TEENS CONT’D Global Architecture: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow “Make no small plans . . .”

Looking Ahead What would Daniel Burnham say of where our cities are today and where we’re going?

The Architecture Handbook: A Student Guide to Understanding Buildings

by Jennifer Masengarb and Krisann Rehbein, illustrations by Benjamin Norris Ages  and up

Living in Urban Communities

by Kristin Sterling Ages -

The Art of Construction: Projects and Principles for Beginning Engineers & Architects by Mario Salvadori Ages  and up Building Big

by David Macaulay Ages  and up Buildings: What is Art?

by Karen Hosack Ages - Can Buildings Speak?

by Louise and Richard Spilsbury Ages - What’s Inside?

by Giles Laroche Ages -

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Sustainable World: Cities

by Rob Bowden Ages - Urban America: Opposing Viewpoints

by Laura Egendorf Ages  and up Urban Sprawl

by Debra Miller Ages  and up

…I was reminded that the city of the future, whatever form it takes, will depend on the goodwill of its citizens for its wellbeing. Planners and architects lay out the avenues and expressways and build public monuments and civic symbols, but these don’t add up to much if a strong sense of urban community doesn’t take root.

– WITOLD RYBCYNSKI, CITY LIFE

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