the WORLD Issue #11

GLOBAL YOUTH GOODWILL AMBASSADORS FOR FOREIGN EMBASSIES

IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Unlike typical Korean diplomatic initiatives that focus primarily on cultural introductions, the Global Youth Goodwill Ambassadors for Foreign Embassies in the Republic of Korea take on the unique responsibility of representing the participating countries themselves.

This innovative approach allows Korean youth to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of diversity and multiculturalism. At the same time, embassies use this platform as an e ective way to introduce their countries to a local audience, leaving positive and lasting impressions on Korean youth.

This collaboration aims to foster enduring friendships between the future leaders of Korea and the nations they represent.

the WORLD

Articles written by Goodwill Ambassadors

Reflections of O ine Activities

Name of Goodwill Ambassadors

SPECIAL THANKS TO ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With heartfelt appreciation, we extend our deepest gratitude to all the Goodwill Ambassadors whose dedication and e orts have been vital to the success of this magazine. Your passion and commitment shine through every page.

We also wish to thank everyone who has contributed to and supported this project. Your unwavering dedication has truly made an impactful di erence, and for that, we are sincerely grateful. of the

Embassy of Azerbaijan, Embassy of Bangladesh, Embassy of Côte d'Ivoire, Embassy of the Czech Republic, Embassy of Ecuador, Embassy of Egypt, Embassy of Ethiopia, Embassy of Gabon, Embassy of Guatemala, Embassy of Honduras, Embassy of Kenya, Embassy of Laos, Embassy of Mexico, Embassy of Qatar, Embassy of Slovenia, Embassy of Zambia to the Republic of Korea — your continuous support for this project is deeply appreciated. Your contributions serve as vital stepping stones toward peace and prosperity for the global community.

ARTICLES

A Glimpse into Azerbaijan

by Seoyoung Ann

Geographically speaking, Azerbaijan is located in both Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is next to Russia and Georgia, and its capital city, Baku, was founded in 1920. Known for its rich history and modern architecture, Baku is a cultural and economic hub in the region.

Azerbaijan is home to around 10.4 million people (2023), primarily Azerbaijani.

Since most of the population consists of Azerbaijani residents, Azerbaijani is the official and most prominent language in the country. Nevertheless, other languages, such as Russian, are used in some areas, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural landscape.

Islam is the predominant religion in Azerbaijan; both Sunni and Shia Muslims live there, coexisting peacefully, which is a testament to the country’s religious tolerance.

The weather in Azerbaijan is subtropical. In the central and eastern regions, the winters are mild, yet the summers are scorching hot and dry (the highest temperature is 109° F or 43° C). In the southeastern region, the climate is subtropical and humid, creating varied ecosystems across the country.

Azerbaijan also has many mountains, such as Candy Cane Mountain, which is known for its distinctive red and white striped formations, drawing in nature lovers and adventurers alike.

Azerbaijan’s major industries and economic sectors are oil, gas, and agriculture. The country’s most frequent economic imports and exports come from and go to mainly Russia, China, Türkiye, and Italy, solidifying its role as a strategic player in global trade.

Resources

“Azerbaijan Population (Live).” Worldometer, www.worldometers.info/world-population/azerbaijan-population/. “Azerbaijan.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 21 Oct. 2023, www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan. “Baku.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 16 Oct. 2023, www.britannica.com/place/Baku.

Image Source

Photo by aboodi vesakaran: https://www.pexels.com/photo/azerbaijan-national-flag-13867668/

Festival in Bangladesh

by Semi Kim

E id ul-Fitr, one of the biggest Muslim festivals, is celebrated in February and March in the solar calendar, lasting for a month. It indicates the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting, which is known as the “Festival of Breaking the Fast”. On the 14th day of Ramadan, food and relief are given to the poor due to the holy night. Major congregations are held at the Edigahs and mosques in the morning.

Traditionally, there are activities such as boat races, and puppet shows, promoting socialization among participants. Villages in Bangladesh adorn the streets and marketplaces with alluring decorations. Lastly, special cuisines such as Jilapi, as sweet onion fritter, are served during the festival.

The Nabanna Utsab, celebrated in the first month of winter, is the festival of rural agrarians in Poush, supported by the Bengali army and farmers. A traditional Poush Mela involves a traditional theater, dance, and pitha, which refers to the traditional homemade bread and cake of Bangladesh.

It indicates the end of the harvest season, granting farmers time to celebrate their hard work and achievements. The public gets to appreciate the harvest, prior to the sale in exchange for money.

Resource

https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/bangladesh/eid-al-fitr https://digestknowledge.com/knowledgebase/nabanna-festivalof-relief https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabanna https://www.bangladesh.com/blog/ramadan-in-bangladesh/

Image Source https://time.astrosage.com/holidays/bangladesh/eid-ulfitr?year=2025&language=en

Taste the Flavors of Côte d’Ivoire

by Aiden Lee

Côte d’Ivoire, known for its rich cultural diversity, is also home to a vibrant and flavorful culinary scene. The country’s cuisine is a reflection of its history, traditions, and the bounty of its fertile land. Whether you’re a food lover seeking new experiences or simply curious about African cuisine, Côte d’Ivoire offers a delicious journey that will tantalize your taste buds and leave you craving more.

Ivorian cuisine is a harmonious blend of traditional African cooking techniques with influences from French and other West African cuisines. Fresh, locally sourced ingredients form the backbone of most dishes, with a strong emphasis on seafood, meats, grains, and tropical fruits.

One of the most iconic staples of Ivorian cuisine is Attiéké. This dish, made from fermented cassava, has a couscous-like texture and is typically served alongside grilled fish, chicken, or meat. Attiéké is a beloved dish across Côte d’Ivoire, known for its light and fluffy texture and its ability to pair perfectly with spicy sauces and tangy relishes.

Another must-try is Kedjenou, a traditional slow-cooked stew made with chicken or guinea fowl seasoned with fresh vegetables and aromatic herbs. The stew is cooked in a sealed pot over a low flame, allowing the flavors to blend beautifully without adding water, creating a rich and flavorful dish that is both comforting and satisfying.

With a long coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, Côte d’Ivoire is a paradise for seafood lovers. Fresh fish, shrimp, crab, and lobster are commonly featured in Ivorian dishes. One popular dish is Poisson Braisé (grilled fish), typically seasoned with garlic, lemon, and local spices before being grilled to perfection over an open flame. The result is a crispy, flavorful fish that is often served with a side of Attiéké or plantains.

For something more exotic, try Alloco, a popular street food made from ripe plantains fried until golden brown. These sweet and savory delights are often served with a spicy tomatobased sauce or grilled fish, making for a delicious snack or side dish.

Image Source

https://boondockingrecipes.com/6-ivory-coast-recipes-easily-prepared-at-home/

Visutý most přes údolí na Dolní Moravě: Sky Bridge 721

by Yoonchan Hwang

Nestled within the Dolní Morava Mountain Resort, Sky Bridge 721 proudly holds the distinction of not only being the Czech Republic’s longest bridge but also the world’s longest. Aptly named for its impressive 721-meter span, it has unseated its predecessor, the Arouca 516 in Portugal, by a solid margin of 205 meters.

Yet, it’s not just the incredible length that sets Sky Bridge 721 apart. Not only does it boast remarkable length, but it also offers a thrilling height experience, perched at an elevation that provides awe-inspiring panoramic views. You start your walk at 1,125 meters above sea level, and by the time you’re finished, you’re standing at a breathtaking 1,135 meters. The lowest point? That’s still a stunning 95 meters above the ground.

The surrounding natural beauty is equally extraordinary, with the majestic Jeseníky Mountains, located between the border of the Czech Republic and Poland, providing an amazing view.

While you’re there, make sure to discover the other attractions within the Dolní Morava Mountain Resort. The Dolní Morava Mountain Resort is one of the most popular destinations not only for skiers but also for nature enthusiasts. The resort is also home to the Czech Republic’s longest mountain bobsleigh track and the world’s largest mammoth model, both of which are worth exploring during your visit.

The Sky Bridge is a part of the resort’s educational route known as the “Time Bridge.” This guided journey takes you through an old fort, unveiling the history of the area from 1938 to the present day. The journey provides an interactive smartphone game that adds a layer of adventure to the exploration.

Resource

Dolní Morava. (n.d.). Visutý most Sky Bridge 721 Dolní Morava. Dolní Morava. from https://www.dolnimorava.cz/sky-bridge-721 McEnchroe, T. (2022, May 13). World’s longest suspension bridge opens in the Czech Republic. Radio Prague. from https://english.radio.cz/ worlds-longest-suspension-bridge-opens-czech-republic-8750384

#VisitCzechia. (n.d.). Sky Bridge 721 – The Longest Suspension Footbridge in the World! · #VisitCzechia. #VisitCzechia. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://www.visitczechia.com/en-US/01742182-1add-4935-a4c7-01e9e8500c7d/place/c-longest-suspension-bridge-in-theworld

Image Source By Tomas.drapal - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=116257590

Mud volcanoes of Gobustan near Baku, Azerbaijan

Adobe Stock Photo

Guenca: Ecuador’s Cultural Gem

by Eric Lee

N estled in the highlands of Ecuador, Cuenca is a UNESCO World Heritage city renowned for its well-preserved colonial architecture, vibrant cultural scene, and charming cobblestone streets.

Architectural Marvels

Cuenca boasts stunning examples of Spanish colonial architecture, including the impressive New Cathedral with its iconic blue domes and the historic Old Cathedral, now a religious museum.

Resources

https://lacgeo.com/city-cuenca-ecuador

https://cuencahighlife.com/

Natural Beauty

Surrounded by the Andes, Cuenca offers easy access to Cajas National Park, known for its stunning landscapes, glacial lakes, and diverse wildlife. It’s a perfect spot for hiking and nature exploration.

Art and Culture

The city’s numerous art galleries, museums, and cultural festivals highlight Cuenca’s rich artistic heritage. The Museum of Modern Art and the Pumapungo Museum are mustvisits for art and history enthusiasts.

https://cuencahighlife.com/dating-back-centuries-cuencas-rich-crafts-tradition-impresses-visitors-and-provides-a-livelihood-for-hundreds/

Image Resources

Photos that can be used offered by the Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador

출처

Google Arts & Culture, 기자의 대피라미드, https://url.kr/loyspn

위키백과, 이집트 피라미드, 2022년 10월 17일, http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/이집트_피라미드

위키백과, 고대 이집트의 피라미드, 2023년 10월 1일, http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/고대_이집트의_건축 조호진, “피라미드를 지은 이집트 왕조가 사라진 이유는,” 조선일보, 2012.08.20.20:07

About Ethiopia

by Hyeongyu Jeong

Ethiopia is an Amharic (official) and English-speaking country with a population of about 120 million, a capital city of Addis Ababa, and an area of about 1.043 million square kilometers.

Ethiopia is committed to education by First, we are increasing the social value of education by strengthening collaboration with communities. Parents, local leaders, and nonprofit organizations share the importance of education and are working to improve the learning environment for students. This fosters sustainable support and participation in education and contributes to improving the effectiveness of education. In addition, programs are being implemented to innovate and improve the education system. Ethiopia is working to introduce teaching methods that utilize information and communication technologies and provide students with a modern and beneficial learning experience.

This fosters sustainable support and participation in education and contributes to improving the effectiveness of education. In addition, programs are being implemented to innovate and improve the education system.

Ethiopia is working to introduce teaching methods that utilize information and communication technologies and provide students with a modern and beneficial learning experience. More investment is also being made in the training and support of teachers. The first is the general curriculum, from kindergarten through high school, and the second is TVET, which is a vocational education-oriented program that takes place in high school. The third is higher education, from bachelor’s to doctoral levels at universities. TVET programs, in particular, are intended to increase the labor force and address youth unemployment.

In a Daily Tomorrow article interviewing Ethiopia’s Minister of Education, he said, “God has gifted minds equally to all people. People value skills and knowledge, but minds have much greater power and impact on lives.” In this way, Ethiopia’s education efforts are making a difference in many different and fundamental ways.

Resources:

Education system in Ethiopia. Ethiopia Education System. (n.d.). https://www.scholaro.com/db/Countries/Ethiopia/Education-System 제가 꼭 하고 싶었던 교육, 한국에서 배워갑니다. 데일리투머로우. https://www.dailytw.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=17075 https://search.mofa.go.kr/search/search_new.do

Image Source:

Photo by aboodi vesakaran: https://www.pexels.com/photo/flag-of-ethopia-under-blue-sky-13913336/

Leading the Way in Sustainable Forestry and Conservation

by David Kim

Gabon has emerged as a global leader in sustainable forestry, making significant strides in preserving its rich biodiversity and combating climate change. The country’s commitment to environmental conservation is exemplified by its innovative initiatives aimed at maintaining its vast rainforests, which are among the most extensive and ecologically important in the world.

In recent years, Gabon has implemented comprehensive policies to ensure the sustainable management of its forests. These measures include strict logging regulations, the promotion of eco-friendly practices, and partnerships with international conservation organizations. The country has also made significant efforts to monitor and combat illegal logging, a major threat to its forest ecosystems.

One of the key achievements in Gabon’s sustainability efforts is the designation of large areas of its rainforest as protected national parks and reserves. This move not only safeguards the habitats of countless species but also contributes to the global fight against climate change by preserving critical carbon sinks.

Gabon’s proactive approach has earned international recognition, positioning the country as a model for sustainable development in Africa and beyond. These efforts reflect a broader vision of environmental stewardship that balances economic growth with the imperative to protect natural resources for future generations.

References: Good News Network. (2023). Good News, Inspiring, Positive Stories. Retrieved from https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/.

Image Sources:

Photo.by.James.wasswa: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sunlight-illuminating-a-green-lush-forest-26617212/

Traditional Clothing in Guatemala: Pride and Identity

by Colin Park

Traditional clothing in Guatemala encompasses as many as 800 different types, each representing a specific ethnic group and region. The traditional clothing, known as “traje típico,” remains an essential aspect of indigenous identity and cultural expression throughout the country.

The vivid colors of their attire are thanks to the natural dyeing of cotton yarn, using materials such as barks, herbs, and flowers. Most traditional clothing for women is composed as follows:

- Huipil: A traditional Mayan blouse.

- Corte: A traditional Mayan skirt. It is typically made from a single piece of woven fabric that is wrapped around the waist and secured with a sash.

- Accessories: Indigenous clothing is often complemented by various accessories, such as belts, sashes, scarves, jewelry, and headpieces. These garments all feature intricate weaving, embroidery, and beading, enhancing the overall richness and beauty of the traditional attire. Despite modernization and changes in fashion trends, many indigenous communities continue to embrace and proudly wear their traditional attire as a symbol of pride and identity.

Resource

https://tramatextiles.org/blogs/trama-blog/unravelling-the-traditions-of-guatemalan-clothing https://www.milmilagros.org/story/indigenous-clothing-in-guatemala#:~:text=Currently%2C%20traje%20is%20most%20 commonly,of%20embroidered%20shirts%20and%20pants.&text=The%20most%20common%20components%20of,and%20the%20 corte%20(skirt)

Favorite Destinations of Kenya

by Danielle Young Bin Choi

W ith all this biodiversity of animals and creatures, it is definitely not a difficult sight to see. However, there are some places to specifically see certain animals. If one prefers going on safaris, there are also areas to see these majestic animals in person. One national reserve that is visited very often by tourists is the Maasai Mara National Reserve, located in Narok, Kenya. It is definitely one of nature’s monumental safari destinations in Kenya. Close to the Tanzanian border, sits the amazing Maasai Mara National Reserve, a wildlife-rich savannah habitat. Lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, and hippos are among its inhabitants.

The Mara and Talek rivers cut across the region’s lush plains and undulating hills. The Maasai Mara National Reserve is world-famous for hosting the great annual migration. Between July and October, the reserve usually witnesses around 1.5 million wildebeest, zebra, and other antelopes moving across its vast savannahs. Maasai Mara National Reserve offers an extensive amount of activities to participate in, and they are all completely worth doing. Some activities completely worth doing include exploring the land by driving around in a safari vehicle; the Mara will certainly not disappoint, with animals crowding around the vehicle and providing quite the safari experience. Maasai Mara is one of the many preserves one can visit to see these astonishing animals.

There are also amazing areas to go visit one particular animal. For example, if one wants to go visit giraffes specifically, one attraction to recommend would be The African Fund for Endangered Wildlife Giraffe Centre.

The AFEW Giraffe Centre does amazing research and runs a reproduction program for an endangered species, the Rothschild’s giraffe. This center allows you to view and feed the giraffes,and it is an astounding experience. The large land areas filled with animals make Kenya a worldwide tourist destination.

References

Informational resources: https://www.giraffecentre.org/ https://www.maasaimara.com/ https://wanderwisdom.com/travel-destinations/best-places-to-see-kenyan-wildlif e-go-safari-kenya https://www.masaimara.com/great-migration-kenya.php

Image Sources https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masai_Mara_at_Sunset.jpg https://www.masaimaramigration.com/safari-guide/giraffe-centre-nairobi/

Gazaria, Dhaka Division, Bangladesh

Photo by saymon sami:

Beauty of Laos

by Charles Shin

Laos captivates tourists with its unique blend of cultural heritage and natural beauty. Among the standout attractions is Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its well-preserved temples, French colonial architecture, and vibrant night markets.

Visitors can explore ancient temples such as Wat Xieng Thong, witness the alms-giving ceremony at dawn, and enjoy a serene boat trip on the Mekong River. This charming town offers a glimpse into Laos’ rich history and spiritual traditions, making it a must-visit for any traveler.

Nature enthusiasts will find paradise in Laos’s verdant landscapes and outdoor adventures that Laos offers. The Bolaven Plateau, known for its stunning waterfalls and coffee plantations, provides a cool retreat with picturesque scenery.

For a more adventurous experience, travelers can visit Vang Vieng, famous for its dramatic limestone karst landscapes, caves, and the Nam Song River, ideal for kayaking and tubing.

The Phou Hin Poun National Protected Area offers hiking trails through lush forests, showcasing the country’s rich biodiversity and natural beauty. These natural attractions provide a perfect backdrop for adventure seekers and nature lovers.

References: https://laotiantimes.com/2023/02/27/laos-to-declare2023-2024-as-year-of-tourism/

Image Sources:

Photo by Ehsan Haque: https://www.pexels.com/ photo/facade-of-the-wat-xieng-thong-luang-prabanglaos-17616398/

Photo by Shoval Zonnis: https://www.pexels.com/photo/ silhouette-photo-of-hot-air-balloon-3490491/

History of Tortillas in Mexico

by Seungwoo Oh

I want to introduce the interesting historical origin of the famous Mexican bread, the Tortilla. As we all know, Mexico is one of the few nations that has the highest consumption of corn: locals eat 44.2 million metric tons of it. Usually, Mexicans describe corn as “the gift from God” as they believe

I want to introduce the interesting historical origin of the famous Mexican bread, the Tortilla. As we all know, Mexico is one of the few nations that has the highest consumption of corn: locals eat 44.2 million metric tons of it. Usually, Mexicans describe corn as “the gift from God” as they believe that corn symbolizes life, abundance, and substance. Aztecs and Mayans developed this corn, and it is one of the most eminent Mexican dishes to be known. Tortilla, a Mexican-styled version of a thin-flat pancake, is made from this corn.

According to one source of Mexican restaurants, tortillas are known to have existed for thousands of years and were invented as a present for the hungry king over 12,000 years ago, in the Stone Age. By the time the Spanish conquered Mexico in 1519, these corn flatbreads were already consumed and called Tlaxcalli. The name tortillas came later from the Spanish word, ‘little cake.’

Tortilla itself is one of the most essential basic cuisines for Mexicans, and the widespread use of tortillas in Mexico has contributed to the high consumption of corn. While tortillas made of corn are famous from Mexico City southward, tortillas made of flour are popular in the northern part of Mexico. Beyond Mexico, tortillas are one of the most popular breads in the world, and the tortilla industry in the US alone is estimated to be USD 6 billion worth of business.

I love eating tortillas, and tortillas have developed into other cuisines. The various Mexican cuisines made out of tortillas are tacos, quesadillas, enchiladas, and more, which can be served as breakfast, lunch, dinner, and dessert as well.

Tortillas started to get attention in the mid-1990s in the form of tacos, mainly in Seoul. I hope there will be many more occasions to enjoy a variety of Mexican cuisines developed from tortillas across South Korea and beyond Seoul.

Resources: https://docstudio.org/2022/12/18/evolution-of-the-tortilla/ https://www.mayanmexican.com/blog/the-tortillas-history-a-look-back-through-thousands-of-years/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour_tortilla

Image Source: By David Boté Estrada - https://www.flickr.com/photos/logatfer/14374986878/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index. php?curid=98098144

By Mike McCune - originally posted to Flickr as carnitas, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5460982

Development of Wind power in Nicaragua by

Emily Park

In recent years, Nicaragua has been harnessing the power of wind to fuel its energy needs, marking a significant step towards a clean and more sustainable future. One of the key initiatives driving this progress is the expansion of wind energy projects across the country. These projects involve the installation of wind turbines in strategic locations where strong and consistent winds can be utilized to generate electricity. As a result, Nicaragua has reduced its reliance on traditional fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, which contribute to air pollution and climate change.

One of the remarkable aspects of Nicaragua’s wind energy projects is their positive impact on the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, which emit harmful greenhouse gases when burned for energy, wind power is a clean and renewable resource. By tapping into the power of the wind, Nicaragua is able to produce electricity without polluting the air or contributing to global warming. This not only helps to mitigate the effects of climate change but also preserves the country’s natural beauty and biodiversity for future generations.

Furthermore, the development of wind energy projects in Nicaragua has brought about various socio-economic benefits for the country. Not only does it create job opportunities in the construction, maintenance, and operation of wind farms, but it also stimulates economic growth in local communities. Additionally, by reducing the country’s dependence on imported fossil fuels, wind energy helps to stabilize energy prices and improve energy security. Overall, Nicaragua’s commitment to expanding wind energy projects demonstrates its dedication to sustainability, economic development, and environmental conservation.

Resource

https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/country-assets/Sector%20Fiche%20Nicaragua%20Renewable%20Energy%20fv.pdf

Image Source

https://borgenproject.org/wind-power-in-nicaragua/

The most beautiful place in Slovenia: Ljubljanica by Jeewon Park

Slovenia is a small but stunning nation in Central Europe that boasts a rich cultural heritage, picturesque cities, and unspoiled natural beauty. With an old history as one of the significant trading routes, a major river in Slovenia, “Ljubljanica”, passes through the nation’s capital, Ljubljana. The Ljubljanica River is well-known for being 41.5 kilometers long overall in Slovenia, with about 8 kilometers below ground, and is also an essential hub for road and rail connections to Austria, Croatia, Hungary, and Italy in Ljubljana. Not only is the river’s picturesque scenery a draw, but residents and visitors can also enjoy various recreational opportunities. In particular, the boat system, or canal, is the most well-known activity that anyone can partake in for a comparatively low cost of 10 euros, along with a local guide who provides an entertaining talk about history or interesting information. There are many boats and touring systems, so people can choose the boat they want and the guide system they prefer. The canal will pass several well-known bridges en route, each offering a breathtaking view of the city and the river. During the day, the intricate architecture of Slovenia’s historical district blends in with the bright sun and surrounding natural surroundings to create a lyrical and cozy atmosphere. At night, however, the historical district of Slovenia takes on an entirely different atmosphere as you take in the romantic and refreshing breeze of the Slovenian night. Not only this, but there are also many restaurants and shops around the river area, so you can fill your stomach with delicious food and fill your heart with warmth while looking at the beautiful scenery. Let’s travel to Slovenia’s Ljubljanica, a very small European city where you can spend a little more time relaxing with friendly locals and enjoying delicious food in a cozy setting than in big cities that can occasionally be raucous and packed with people.

Resource

“All You Need to Know to Visit Ljubljanica River Canal in Ljubljana - Travel Slovenia.” TRAVELSLOVENIA.ORG – All You Need To Know To Visit Slovenia, 14 Mar. 2021, travelslovenia.org/ljubljanica-river-canal-ljubljana/. Tripadvisor, www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g274873-d555572-r773509116-River_Ljubljanica_Kanal-Ljubljana_Upper_Carniola_Region.html. Accessed 21 Oct. 2023. “Ljubljana.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 2 Oct. 2023, www.britannica.com/place/Ljubljana#ref895115. www.visitljubljana.com/en/visitors/explore/things-to-do/sightseeing/article/the-river-ljublja nica-and-its-bridges/. Accessed 21 Oct. 2023. www.schengenvisainfo.com/news/slovenia-permits-entry-for-tourists-from-third-countries

Image Source

Photo by Eugene Kuznetsov: https://www.pexels.com/photo/old-town-near-riverbank-5565328/

Africa’s Great Waterfall, Victoria Falls

by Andrew Gunhee Kim

오늘날 빅토리아 폭포는 아프리카에서 가장

인기 있는 관광지 중 하나로, 많은 관광객들이

세계적으로 유명한 빅토리아 폭포를 방문하여

자연의 신비로움을 감상하고 있습니다.

빅토리아 폭포는 세계 3대 폭포 중 하나로서

1989년에 유네스코 세계 문화유산으로

등재되었습니다. 이 폭포는 잠비아와 짐바브웨

사이에 위치한 잠베지강으로 떨어지며, 두

나라의 경계에 자리 잡고 있습니다. 빅토리아

폭포는 넓이와 높이가 각각 1,708미터와 108

미터로 매우 큽니다.

빅토리아 폭포의 이름은 1855년 스코틀랜드

탐험가 데이비드 리빙스턴이 영국의 빅토리아

여왕의 이름을 따서 붙였습니다. 이 폭포에서는

자연의 신비로움을 감상할 수 있습니다.

또한, 잠베지강은 아프리카 남부를 가로지르는 강으로 네 국가의 교점에 설립되어 있습니다.

잠베지강은 아프리카 남부 지역에서 농업, 어업, 물류 산업 및 무역에도 도움을 주고 있습니다.

Resource

Today, Victoria Falls is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Africa, attracting visitors from around the world who come to marvel at the natural wonder of this renowned waterfall.

As one of the world’s three largest waterfalls, Victoria Falls was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1989. It is located on the Zambezi River, which forms the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The falls are truly impressive, stretching 1,708 meters wide and plunging 108 meters into the gorge below.

The name “Victoria Falls” was given by Scottish explorer David Livingstone in 1855, in honor of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Visitors are captivated by the awe-inspiring beauty of the falls.

The Zambezi River, which runs through southern Africa, also plays a vital role in supporting agriculture, fishing, logistics, and trade across the region, connecting four different countries along its course.

https://heritage.unesco.or.kr/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8B%9C-%EC%98%A4%EC%95%84-%ED%88%B0%EC%95%BC-%ED%8F%A D%ED%8F%AC%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84-%ED%8F%AD%ED%8F%AC/

Image Source

https://www.freeimages.com/kr/photo/victoria-falls-zambia-2-1348614

Azerbaijan’s Traditional Sports

by Woojun Jung

Welcome to an exploration of Azerbaijan’s traditional sports—a rich tapestry woven with cultural heritage. Positioned at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Azerbaijan’s traditional athletic pursuits, such as the ancient art of Chovqan and the strategic wrestling discipline of Gulesh, embody a unique blend of skill and heritage. This post aims to offer a concise yet comprehensive examination of these time-honored sports, inviting viewers to appreciate their enduring legacy and cultural significance within the nation’s sporting landscape.

1. Chovqan

Chovqan, an ancestral equestrian pursuit with roots dating back to the middle of the first millennium, stands as the precursor to modern polo. Revered by historians, this traditional sport flourished in Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Central Asia, and neighboring regions for centuries.

In Azerbaijan, Chovqan has persisted as a migratory sport since ancient times; its name derived from the tool used by shepherds and herd breeders—an arched stick known as “chovqan,” “chovgan,” or “chomakh.” Originally employed for tending flocks, this versatile instrument evolved into the principal means of striking balls crafted from sheepskin, initially in pairs and later organized into teams. Some scholars attribute the word “chovqan” to its origins in Turkish, where it denotes “to hit” or “swing with a stick.” This enduring sport encapsulates a historical continuum, seamlessly blending practical utility with the exhilaration of competitive play.

2. Pehlevan Wrestling

Pehlevan wrestling, deeply ingrained in Azerbaijan’s cultural fabric, encompasses a dynamic fusion of games, sports, and individual performances. Rooted in the Pehlevanliq culture, practitioners, known as Pehlevans, engage in this traditional form of wrestling alongside the use of distinctive tools resembling medieval weapons—swords, shields, and bows, intentionally crafted to be heavier for ease in handling real weapons. Supervised by referees and accompanied by spirited music or resonant drumbeats,

- these competitions unfold as a captivating display of strength and skill. Pehlevans, entrusted with transmitting knowledge and skills, form the core of this element, supported by local organizations, trainers, students from physical education institutions, spectators, and craftsmen responsible for crafting the specialized tools. Beyond being a physical pursuit, Pehlevan Wrestling thrives as an integral part of popular culture, folk events, and outdoor celebrations, providing Azerbaijani communities with a robust sense of identity. Symbolizing determination, fostering social cohesion, and instilling pride, Pehlevans have stood as enduring icons, unifying local communities through shared identity and a profound connection to their heritage.

Resources:

“Chovquan, Chovqan (Azerbaijan).” Traditional Sports. Accessed January 10, 2024, from traditionalsports.org.

“UNESCO - Pehlevanliq Culture: Traditional Zorkhana Games, Sports and Wrestling.” Intangible Cultural Heritage. Accessed January 10, 2024, from ich.unesco. org.

Image Source: By Encik Tekateki - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82861529 Azernews. (2023, November 7). Azerbaijan national team to face Morocco in final of World Chovgana Championship [Photograph]. Retrieved from azernews.az.

Photo by Felix Mittermeier:

Český Krumlov, Brown Roof Town, Czechia

Bangladeshi Cuisine

by Semi Kim

The staple food of Bangladesh is rice, lentils, and freshwater fish due to the presence of many rivers and other geographical characteristics. Multiple Bangladesh cuisines contain strong spices such as cinnamon, cardamom, red chili, and coriander seeds. Since Dhaka, the capital city, has been influenced by many culinary styles around the world, the foods of Bangladesh reflect an exotic style and culture.

Rasgulla

Rasgulla is a ball-shaped dessert filled with syrup whose texture is similar to a sponge. To make rasgulla, lemon juice or vinegar is added to boiling milk, which makes the milk curdle and become spongy balls. Then, the spongy balls are soaked in syrup made of sugar, water, rose, and cardamom. Rasgulla is commonly eaten after lunch or served to guests.

Resource

Kacchi Biryani

A Kacchi Biryani is a rice dish with layers of marinated meat cooked in several spices. It is primarily made of mutton, onion, tomato, yogurt, green cardamom, and bay leaf. Kacchi Biryani is served at many festivals, weddings, and even on Dhaka streets because it is consumed by a wide range of people from Bangladesh. The most favored Biryani is Dhaka Biryani, which is occasionally served with boiled egg and lettuce for additional savor.

Wikipedia. “https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=6513916&cid=40942&categoryId=32097.”

Ahasan, Sakibul. “Top 25 Most Popular Foods in Bangladesh.” *Chef’s Pencil*, May 28, 2021, https://www.chefspencil.com/top-25-most-popular-foods-inbangladesh/.

Hanif, Seema. “Kacchi Biryani (Bangladeshi Style).” *Food Fusion*, January 11, 2019, https://foodfusion.com/recipe/kacchi-biryani-bangladeshi-style/.

“Spongy Rasgulla Recipe - How to Make Roshagolla at Home.” *Yummy Tummy Aarthi*, January 28, 2022, https://www.yummytummyaarthi.com/rasgulla-recipe/.

Image Source

Photo by Kawser Ahmed on dhakafoodster

“Spongy Rasgulla Recipe - How to Make Roshagolla at Home.” *Yummy Tummy Aarthi*, January 28, 2022, https://www.yummytummyaarthi.com/rasgulla-recipe/. Accessed January 15, 2024.

Cultural Heritage of Côte d’Ivoire

by Wanhee Lee

Ivory Coast, known for its rich cultural heritage, showcases a variety of traditional clothing that reflects the diverse ethnic groups within the country.

A traditional cloth made from cotton threads woven in different widths is called Pagne Yacouba. It is usually fashioned into clothing items that showcase the Yacouba people’s skill, such as shoes, caps, and boubous (long flowing robes).

The Akan people customarily wear the Pagne Kita, a royal cloth, for important rituals like marriages and coronations. This fabric, which frequently has over 350 motifs, is distinguished for its vivid colors and detailed patterns. It is frequently used to make handbags, dresses, blouses, and shirts.

Traditionally worn by hunters in the northern parts of Ivory Coast, the Dozo dress is a traditional outfit. This ensemble consists of a shirt, pants, and a hat made of woven cotton that is typically colored in earth tones. It is appropriate for casual wear and captures the Dozo community’s cultural identity.

The Pagne Bété, a garment worn by the Bété ethnic group, is created from tree bark by removing it, striking it to cause it to grow, and finally dying it. Because of its distinctive texture and organic origins, this cloth holds great significance in the Daloa region.

Resources

Kamara kolo rachelle, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons Neverdie225, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

A Beloved Czech Pastry with Global Appeal

by Yoonchan Hwang

Trdelník is a traditional Czech pastry that has gained popularity both in its country of origin and beyond. Also known as “trdlo” for short, this sweet treat is one of the favorite treats of Czechia.

Trdelník is a hollow pastry traditionally made from a sweet yeast dough. The dough is rolled into a long strip, wrapped around a wooden cylinder, and roasted over an open fire. This gives Trdelník its signature cylindrical shape and golden brown color. The pastry is then rolled in a mixture of sugar, cinnamon, and sometimes nuts.

Trdelník is best described as having a crispy exterior and a soft, chewy interior. The sugar-cinnamon coating adds sweetness and warmth to the pastry, while the walnuts provide a nutty crunch. It is typically served warm and can be enjoyed plain or with a variety of toppings, such as whipped cream, vanilla ice cream, or chocolate sauce.

While there are many legends about the origin of Trdelník, the most likely story is that it was brought to the Czech Republic by Hungarian settlers. The history of Trdelník dates back to the 18th century when the Hungarian Count Józef Gvadáni settled near the border of the present-day Czech Republic and Slovakia. His cook, who hailed from Transylvania(Today’s Romania), delighted the Count with a new delicious dessert. Since then, the pastry has quickly become popular and is now a national dish.

Don’t forget to try Trdelník if you are visiting Czechia. If you want to try to make it yourself, a home recipe can be found here. You can also find it at most outdoor markets and festivals and in many bakeries and cafes in Czechia.

Šťastnou cestu a užijte si Váš výlet!

References Belokopytov, M. (2023, June 16). Trdelník. Flickr. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from Flickr Prague.org. (n.d.). Unveiling Trdelnik: History & Top Authentic Spots in Prague 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from Prague.org Trdelník Shop. (n.d.). History of Trdelník. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from Trdelník Shop Image Sources

By NikosLikomitros - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=143942447

The Ingapirca Ruins

by Eric Lee

Ecuador boasts an impressive cultural heritage, with the Ingapirca Ruins standing out as a prime example. Located in the Cañar province, these ancient ruins are the largest and best-preserved archaeological site of the Inca Empire in Ecuador.

The Ingapirca complex, dating back to the 15th century, features a blend of Inca and Cañari architecture. The most notable structure is the Temple of the Sun, an elliptical-shaped building used for ceremonial and astronomical purposes. The site’s unique construction techniques, using perfectly cut stones that fit together without mortar, showcase the advanced engineering skills of the Inca civilization.

Visitors can explore the site’s various structures, including the ceremonial plaza, storage rooms, and ancient roads, gaining insight into the daily lives and spiritual practices of the Inca and Cañari people. The site also offers a small museum with artifacts and exhibits that provide further context about the region’s history.

A visit to Ingapirca offers a unique opportunity to delve into history and witness the architectural prowess of ancient civilizations. It is a testament to Ecuador’s rich and diverse cultural heritage, making it a mustvisit destination for anyone exploring the country.

Resources

https://www.trade.gov/country-

Photos that can be used offered by the Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador

By Delphine Ménard, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ index.php?curid=25915

https://happygringo.com/blog/ ingapirca-ruins-ecuador/ https://www.moon.com/travel/tripideas/visiting-ecuadors-ingapircaruins/

The Development of Egypt’s Semiconductor Technology Sector

by Soohyun Shim

Egypt, traditionally known for its historical significance, is increasingly becoming a player in the global technology landscape, particularly in semiconductor technology. Semiconductors are fundamental components in modern electronics, playing a crucial role in the functioning of various digital devices. With the global semiconductor market projected to reach $1 trillion by 2030, Egypt recognizes the potential economic and technological benefits of developing its local semiconductor capabilities (Frost & Sullivan).

Currently, Egypt’s semiconductor industry is focused primarily on design rather than manufacturing. Companies like Si-Ware Systems, based in Cairo, have made significant strides in this field, particularly in developing MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Si-Ware Systems’ launch of NeoSpectra, the world’s smallest Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectrometeron-chip, has been a notable achievement, showcasing Egypt’s ability to innovate in high-tech sectors (Si-Ware Systems).

Universities in Egypt, such as Cairo University and Ain Shams University, are critical to the growth of this industry by offering specialized programs in semiconductor design. This academic support is essential for building a skilled workforce that can meet industry demands and attract foreign investment (Youssef and Hassan). However, the country faces several challenges, including the lack of local semiconductor fabrication facilities. Currently, Egypt relies heavily on importing semiconductor components, which poses risks to its technological autonomy (El-Haddad).

The semiconductor sector also requires massive investments, with the cost of establishing a fabrication plant reaching billions of dollars. This financial challenge is compounded by a lack of substantial government and private sector funding, which has slowed the industry’s growth (Khalil). Recognizing these issues, the Egyptian government has initiated efforts to promote technological development, including in the semiconductor field. The Information Technology Industry Development Agency (ITIDA) has been pivotal in attracting foreign partnerships and investments to strengthen the local tech ecosystem (ITIDA).

As part of Egypt’s Vision 2030, there are plans to bolster digital infrastructure, foster innovation, and create a competitive semiconductor industry. By encouraging collaborations between local startups and international technology leaders, Egypt aims to build a robust semiconductor ecosystem (Vision 2030). Though the path forward presents challenges, the combination of academic support, private innovation, and government initiatives suggests that Egypt has the potential to emerge as a regional hub for semiconductor technology.

Resource

El-Haddad, R. “Egypt’s Semiconductor Sector.” Cairo Review, 2022. Frost & Sullivan. “Global Semiconductor Market Forecast.” 2021. ITIDA. “Promoting Technology and Innovation.” 2023. Khalil, A. “Investing in Egypt’s Semiconductor Industry.” Egyptian J. Econ. Bus., 2023. Si-Ware Systems. “NeoSpectra Micro.” 2018. Vision 2030. “Digital Transformation Goals.” 2023. Youssef, A., and Hassan, M. “Building Egypt’s Semiconductor Talent.” J. Eng. Tech. Educ., 2022. Image Source

Photo by NADER AYMAN: https://www.pexels.com/photo/sunlit-skyscrapers-at-dusk-in-el-alamein-28450114/

Ethiopia’s Economic Renaissance: A New Era of Growth and Investment

by Sarah Lee

Ethiopia is witnessing a remarkable economic renaissance, marked by robust growth and an influx of foreign investments. In 2023-2024, the country has attracted significant attention from international investors, with key sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and technology experiencing unprecedented growth. These investments are not only creating jobs but also diversifying Ethiopia’s economic landscape, laying a solid foundation for sustained prosperity.

The agricultural sector, a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s economy, has benefited immensely from modern farming techniques and sustainable practices. International partnerships have facilitated the introduction of advanced agricultural technologies, boosting crop yields and enhancing food security across the nation. Additionally, the manufacturing sector is thriving, with new factories and production facilities springing up, producing goods for both domestic consumption and export.

This industrial boom is helping to reduce poverty and improve living standards for millions of Ethiopians.

Moreover, the technology sector is emerging as a vital driver of economic growth. With increased investment in digital infrastructure and education, Ethiopia is positioning itself as a hub for tech innovation in Africa. Initiatives to support startups and foster entrepreneurship are creating a vibrant ecosystem that encourages creativity and innovation. These developments are not only transforming Ethiopia’s economy but also enhancing its global competitiveness, signaling a bright future for the nation.

Resources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Investment_Commission https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/insights/economy/emea/africa-economic-outlook-02-2024.html

Tradition of Gabon

by Eunseol Jo

Traditional Weaving in Guatemala

by Claire Dayoun Kang

Guatemala’s traditional weaving, deeply rooted in Mayan culture, is not merely a craft but a heritage passed down through generations. Originating over 1,500 years ago, the Maya wove textiles under the guidance of Ix Chel, the moon goddess. Weaving wasn’t just practical; it symbolized wealth and status, with all Maya women learning the art regardless of social standing.

The process of weaving remains faithful to ancient techniques. Artisan communities in Guatemala’s highlands continue this legacy, using cotton yarns dyed with local materials like hibiscus flowers and avocado tree bark. They weave on backstrap looms, portable devices reminiscent of those used by the Maya, providing the tension necessary for sturdy fabric.

Though the demand for woven textiles has evolved, traditional weaving endures, seen in garments like the iconic huipil. Tourist interest has spurred fair trade organizations to collaborate with artisans, producing modern pieces that honor traditional methods while embracing contemporary design. In Guatemala’s markets, these textiles embody a timeless blend of old and new.

Resource

https://blog.culturalelements.com/traditional-guatemalan-weaving/

https://www.pexels.com/photo/lake-in-el-cajas-national-park-20093235/

Photo by John Arellano:

Lake in El Cajas National Park, Ecuador

Danielle Youngbin Choi

A Gift to be Treasured by

Kenya is a gift that we should constantly be protecting and treasuring. It is a key factor of the nation that we should not take for granted. Other countries in the world must support the Kenyan government’s efforts to preserve their wildlife. While economic progress and industrialization are important, they should not be at the expense of changing the environment for wildlife to continue to thrive. Other places, such as the Amazon forest, have seen the terrible effects of commercialization. This phenomenon cannot be repeated, and every government should support Kenya in preserving its wildlife. Kenya’s wildlife comes first and is a major factor in the country’s tourist sector.

The breathtaking beauty of the Maasai Mara and other national reserves draws tourists worldwide to Kenya. The money made through ecotourism sustains local communities, creates jobs for thousands of Kenyans, and boosts the nation’s GDP (gross domestic product). In essence, the preservation of wildlife is crucial for the livelihoods of innumerable humans. Furthermore, the health of the earth as a whole depends on the delicate balance of Kenya’s ecosystems. Many species that may be found in Kenya, especially elephants and rhinoceroses, are important for persevering biodiversity since they spread seeds and change the landscape with their mobility. In addition to impacting Kenya, the extinction of these species might have cascading biological impacts on the world, which interconnects the world’s environment.

Wildlife conservation in Kenya has enormous cultural and social relevance in addition to these economic, ecological, and scientific factors. Indigenous groups, like the Maasai, have coexisted peacefully with animals for generations, and their traditional wisdom is essential for successful conservation efforts. Furthermore, Kenyan mythology and identity strongly emphasize animals, especially famous species like the lion, which stands for tenacity and resilience.

Kenya’s wildlife is also essential for scientific study and instruction. It offers scholars and environmentalists priceless insights into the dynamics of habitats, animal behavior, and the effects of climate change. As a result, policies for the preservation and sustainable management of wildlife may be developed, not just in Kenya but also globally.

Preserving Kenya’s wildlife requires a comprehensive strategy that protects the nation’s people, ecosystems, and cultural legacy in addition to environmental conservation. This strategy demonstrates Kenya’s dedication to ecological responsibility, sustainable development, and preserving the natural wonders of the world for future generations. It is essentially a vow to safeguard what cannot ever be replaced, an investment in the future, and an acknowledgment of the true value of the natural world.

As a result of Kenya’s dedication to conservation, the nation has been able to preserve its diverse range of creatures. Kenya is a living example of the grandeur of the natural world, a beacon of hope for both wildlife enthusiasts and environmentalists, with its huge savannahs, lush forests, tallest mountains, and deepest lakes.

Resource https://www.maasaimara,com https://www.masaimara.travel/ https://www.andbeyond.com/destinations/africa/kenya/masai-mara-national-park/ https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g1026010-d16844301-Reviews-Maasai_Mara_National_Reserve-Narok_Rift_Valley_ Province.html

Image Source

Photo by Irina Anastasiu: https://www.pexels.com/photo/tan-lionesses-on-green-field-during-daytime-54514/

Traditional Culture and Values in Laos

by Gyu A Kim

Ways of Dressing

• Traditional clothing in Laos heavily depends on gender and age

• Generally, Lao women dress respectfully as they are considered “mothers of the nation”

» For important ceremonies, they wear silk skirts, blouses, and scarves

» In government offices, “Phaa Sin” (long patterned skirt) is the mandatory attire

• Lao men wear salong (big large pants, or peasant pants) to attend traditional events

Values and Personalities

• Lao people like to smile, as they promote peace

• Commonly, they value respect for the nation and maintaining honor/ reputation

• Most Lao people are friendly, accepting, and generous

Religion

• Officially a Buddhist country

• The national symbol is the gilded stupa of Pha That Luang in Vientiane

• A ceremony called Baci is conducted to bind the 32 guardian spirits into one’s body before a significant event in their lives

Resource https://laos-adventures.com/laos-travel-guide-culture

Ethnic Groups

• There are around 68 ethnic groups in Laos

• Comprising 12 ethnic groups, Lao Lum (“lowland Lao”) live in the river plains, mostly along the Mekong River

• Half of the Laos population

• Lao Theung, or “upland Lao,” live on mid-altitude slopes and comprise 36 ethnic groups

• Lao Sung are primarily Hmong and Mien tribes who live higher up in the mountains

• Although each tribe has its own language, almost everyone speaks the common language, Lao

Image Source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_%28clothing%29 www.rainforestcruises.com/guides/lao-people-and-ethnicgroups-of-laos https://jclao.com/new-decree-promotes-unity-among-ethnicgroups/ www.goindochinatours.in/the-religions-beliefs-in-laos/

Oil and Gas Industry: Fueling the Economy

by Minjoon Kang

Mexico has rapidly emerged as a global leader in medical device manufacturing, becoming the top exporter of medical devices in Latin America and ranking among the top five globally. The country is home to over 650 companies, including industry giants like Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Johnson & Johnson. These companies produce a wide range of products, from surgical instruments to hightech devices like pacemakers, ventilators, and diagnostic equipment.

Baja California is a major hub for medical device manufacturing, where clusters of companies benefit from a skilled workforce, favorable regulatory conditions, and proximity to the U.S. market. Mexico’s adherence to international standards, such as those set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ensures that its medical devices are in high demand across the globe. In addition to serving the U.S., Mexico exports medical devices to Europe, Asia, and Latin America.

As global healthcare demands continue to grow, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Mexico’s medical device sector is expected to see continued expansion. The country is investing in research and development to produce even more advanced technologies, such as robotic surgery equipment and wearable health devices. With a focus on innovation and quality, Mexico’s medical device industry is poised for long-term growth and leadership in the global healthcare market.

Resources:

“Medical Device Manufacturing in Mexico.” Tetakawi, 2022, insights.tetakawi.com/medical-device-manufacturing-in-mexico. “10 Major Industries in Mexico - Key Sectors for Manufacturing.” Six Mexico, 2024, www.sixmexico.com/industries.

Image Source: https://insights.tetakawi.com/overview-of-medical-device-manufacturing-in-mexico

Nicaragua, an Angelic Place

by Seungmin Jung

Nicaragua, known for its vibrant culture and breathtaking landscapes, is working diligently to preserve its rich heritage and natural beauty for generations. Nicaragua boasts a diverse tapestry of attractions that captivate visitors from around the globe, from the colonial architecture of its cities to the pristine beaches and lush rainforests.

Nicaragua has abundant natural beauty encompassing pristine beaches, majestic volcanoes, and dense rainforests. The country’s Pacific and Caribbean coastlines offer idyllic stretches of sand where travelers can relax, surf, or snorkel in crystal-clear waters teeming with marine life. Meanwhile, inland, towering volcanoes like Concepción and Mombacho provide opportunities for hiking and exploration, rewarding adventurers with panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Moreover, Nicaragua’s lush rainforests are home to a rich array of flora and fauna, including howler monkeys, toucans, and orchids, making them a paradise for nature lovers and conservationists alike.

Recognizing the importance of preserving its heritage and natural resources, Nicaragua has implemented various initiatives aimed at sustainable tourism and environmental conservation. Establishing national parks and protected areas helps safeguard the country’s biodiversity and ecologically sensitive habitats. By striking a balance between development and conservation, Nicaragua endeavors to ensure that its rich heritage and natural beauty continue to inspire and enchant visitors for years.

Image Source

Photo by Fabian Wiktor:

https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-mountains-during-dawn-3470482/

Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt

https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-and-brown-concrete-building-3290075/

Photo by Alex Azabache:

글 Yeeun Seo

5월 20일은 ‘세계 꿀벌의 날’이다. 국제 연합 (UN)이 2017년 12월 20일 세계의 식량 생산

과 생태계 보호에 기여하는 꿀벌의 가치를 알리

기 위해 지정한 날이며, 이 날은 유럽에서 가장

큰 양봉 국가인 슬로베니아의 양봉가 안톤 얀사 (Anton Janša)의 출생일을 기념한 날이기도 하다.

2017년 12월 20일 뉴욕에서, 유엔은 슬로베니

아가 발의한 세계 꿀벌의 날 안건을 만장일치로

지정하는 결의안을 채택했고, 벌꿀 보호의 중요 성을 알리기 시작했다. 이 같은 결정에는 슬로베 니아가 큰 역할을 했다.

슬로베니아가 이 같은 중요한 역할을 하게 된 배 경에는 유럽에서 가장 큰 양봉 국가라는 점이 있 다. 인구 2백만 명 중 만 명 정도가 양봉업에 종 사하고 있으며, 유럽에서 최초로 벌에 해로운 살 충제 사용을 금지한 나라이기도 하다.

그렇다면 왜 벌을 보존하려 하는 것인가?

기후 변화와 산업 발전에 따라 벌의 개체 수가 매

년 감소하고 있는데, 벌은 생물 다양성 유지와 식

량 안보 측면에서 큰 역할을 한다. 꽃을 피우는 모 든 식물은 벌과 같은 곤충에 의해 *수분(꽃가루 옮기는 행위)을 하고 이를 통해 꽃이 열매를 맺어 식량이 되기 때문에 꿀벌의 존재가 인간에게 매우 중요하다.

국제식량농업기구(FAO)에 따르면, 세계 식량의 90%를 차지하는 100대 농작물 중 71개가 꿀벌의 수정에 의존한다고 한다. 한편, 이러한 꿀벌을 보호하기 위한 노력이 국내에서도 보이고 있다. 2022년 5월 20일, 주한슬로베니아대사관과 꿀벌살리기캠페인 네트워크는 ‘세계 꿀벌의 날 도시락 나눔 행사’를 실시했다. 꿀 벌의 화분 매개로 자란 농작물을 통해 꿀벌 도시락을 만들고 지정 단체 및 취약계층에 기부하는 행사였다. 꿀벌은 인간의 생활에 없어선 안 되는 중요한 존재이기에 더욱 경각심을 가지고 꿀벌을 보존하는 데 힘써야 한다. 이는 국가와 기업뿐만 아니라 개인의 관심과 노력도 절실히 필요한 때이다.

출처

http://thegnnews.com/View.aspx?No=2813388

https://www.traveltimes.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=405346

이미지 출처 World Bee Day Asset Bank

World Bee Day

by Yeeun Seo

May 20th is recognized as “World Bee Day.” This day was established by the United Nations (UN) on December 20, 2017, to raise awareness about the vital role bees play in global food production and ecosystem protection. The date also commemorates the birth of Anton Janša, a Slovenian beekeeper from Slovenia, the largest beekeeping nation in Europe.

On December 20, 2017, at a meeting in New York, the UN unanimously adopted a resolution designating World Bee Day, an initiative proposed by Slovenia. This marked the beginning of a global effort to emphasize the importance of protecting bees, a cause in which Slovenia played a leading role.

Slovenia’s prominent role in this decision stems from its status as Europe’s largest beekeeping country. With a population of 2 million, around 10,000 people are involved in beekeeping, and Slovenia was the first country in Europe to ban pesticides harmful to bees. Why is it so important to protect bees?

Climate change and industrial development have led to a decline in bee populations each year, but bees play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ensuring food security.

Almost all flowering plants rely on insects like bees for pollination, which is essential for plants to produce fruits and food. Therefore, bees are indispensable to humans. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 71 of the top 100 crops that make up 90% of the world’s food supply depend on bee pollination.

Efforts to protect bees are also being made domestically. On May 20, 2022, the Embassy of Slovenia in South Korea and the Save the Bees Campaign Network organized a “World Bee Day Lunchbox Sharing Event.” They created bee-friendly lunchboxes using crops pollinated by bees and donated them to designated organizations and vulnerable groups.

As bees are essential to human life, it is more important than ever to protect them. This requires not only the efforts of governments and businesses but also the attention and actions of individuals.

Resources

http://thegnnews.com/View.aspx?No=2813388

https://www.traveltimes.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=405346

Image Source World Bee Day Asset Bank

A Nation of Natural Beauty and Cultural Richness

by Brian Kyuwon Hwang

Famous for its beautiful landscapes and diverse ecosystems combined with rich cultural heritages, Zambia is a country in Southern Africa with a population of over 21 million people consisting of diverse ethnic groups.

Lusaka is the current capital of Zambia with other major cities such as Ndola, Kitwe, and Livingstone. Zambia overall has rich natural resources that consist of a considerable amount of their exports while other industries such as agriculture and tourism contribute greatly to the economy.

While English is Zambia’s official language, it still preserves its diverse cultural identity with local languages including Bemba, Nyanja, Tonga, and Lozi. When talking about Zambia’s culture, their exquisite cuisines, and music are some of the rich traditions Zambia are inseparable aspects of the country’s identity.

One interesting fact about Zambia is that its name comes from the fourth longest river in Africa: the Zambezi River, also known as “the grand river”. The Zambezi River not only gave Zambia its name but also is a significant factor that contributes to their agricultural industry.

Today, Zambia continues to maintain its balance between diverse wildlife and its ancestral culture to develop its economy while preserving the natural beauty of the nation.

Resource

https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambia-geography.html

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Zambia/Independent-Zambia

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/09/10/collaborative-management-of-the-zambezi-river-basinensures-greater-economic-resilience

자연의 아름다움과 문화적 풍요로움의 나라 글 황규원

아름다운 풍경과 다양한

생태계, 그리고 풍부한

문화유산으로 유명한

잠비아는 남부 아프리카에 위치한 국가로, 다양한

민족으로 구성된 2,100

만 명 이상의 인구를 자랑합니다.

루사카는 잠비아의 수도이며, 엔 돌 라, 키 트웨, 리빙스턴과 같은 주요 도시들도 있습니다. 잠비아는 풍 부한 천 연 자 원 을 보유하고 있으며, 이는 수출의 상 당 부분을 차지하고 있습니다. 또한 농업과 관광 산업도 경제에 크게 기여하고 있습니다.

잠비아의 공 식 언 어는 영어이지만, 벰 바어, 냐냐 어, 통가어, 로지어 등 지역 언 어를 통해 다양한 문화적 정체성을 유지하고 있습니다. 잠비아의 문화를 이 야 기할 때, 뛰 어 난 요리와 음악 은 이 나라의 정체성과 떼 려 야 뗄 수 없 는 중요한 전통 입 니다.

잠비아의 흥 미로운 사실

중 하나는 그 이름이

아프리카에서 네 번째 로 긴 강인 잠베지 강에서

유 래 했다는 점 입 니다. ‘대하( 大河 )’라고도 불 리는

잠베지 강은 잠비아의

이름 뿐 만 아니라 농업

산업에 중요한 역할을 하고

있습니다.

오늘날 잠비아는 경제 발전과 자연 보존 사이의 균형 을 유지하며, 다양한 야 생 생물과 조 상 대대로 이어 져 온 문화를 함께 지 켜 나가고 있습니다.

출처

https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambia-geography.html

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Zambia/Independent-Zambia https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/09/10/collaborative-management-of-the-zambezi-riverbasin-ensures-greater-economic-resilience

The Art and Legacy of Carpet Weaving

by Seoyoung Ann

Carpets:

Azerbaijan has a long history of carpet weaving, and carpets are considered an important part of Azerbaijani culture. Traditional carpets are seen in public areas such as restaurants and souvenir shops. Each carpet has a story to tell, and weaving techniques are taught from generation to generation.

Absheron Carpet Weaving School:

In Azerbaijan, carpet weaving is so important that there are schools that teach it. An example is the Baku school. Baku carpets are distinguished for their softer color intensity, originality of artistic elements, and subtlety of patterns. Geometrical-shaped lakes and curved-line botanical elements prevail in the ornaments of carpets. In the color range of Baku carpets, mainly dark blue, in rare cases, red and yellow colors are used for the intermediate area location.

The Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum:

The Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum, founded in 1967, is located in Azerbaijan’s capital, Baku. Its display is very luxurious, with the building colored in white and gold. Moreover, the museum’s building itself is built like a carpet. This unique architecture proves how much carpets are valued in Azerbaijani culture and society. The carpet museum consists of three floors, exhibiting all sorts of Azerbaijani carpets, from traditional to modern and small to large.

Resources:

Gazakh District:

Gazakh District, in the northwest of Azerbaijan, is one of the famous carpet-weaving centers in Azerbaijan. Different kinds of carpets, both pile and pile-less (Zili and Verni types), are widely introduced into the life of local people…according to local tradition, the brides had to weave carpets, which were the basis of their dowry. Gazakh carpets are renowned for their intricate patterns and vibrant colors, reflecting the cultural heritage and artistic skills passed down through generations.

CNN, Cable News Network, 22 Dec. 2023, edition.cnn.com/travel/azerbaijan-carpets/index.html. “Culture.” Development of Carpet Art in Azerbaijan - Azerbaijan.Az, azerbaijan.az/en/related-information/49. Gazakh Carpets - Qazax, www.qazax.net/en/carpets.htm. Accessed 1 June 2024. By President.az, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65601237

Landmarks in Bangladesh

by Semi Kim

Landmarks in Bangladesh display exotic and intriguing architecture as well as historical events and contexts. Bangladesh was hugely influenced by its earliest history which was related to Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms. Also, the landmarks contain many factors similar to those of India and Myanmar, indicating the past connections between the countries.

Lalbagh Fort, a seventeenth-century Mughal fort located in Dhaka, is believed to be one of the oldest architectures in the country. It was built by the son of the Emperor at the time, but many question the completeness of the construction - it was never complete, even until today.

The structure of the port consists of three primary parts: Diwan-iAam, Quilla Mosque, and the tomb of Bibi Pari. Specifically, Diwan-iAam served as the Hall of Audience where the Emperor communicated with the public to take complaints into account; the tomb of Bibi Pari is where the daughter of the Emperor was buried with her remains in the center. The fort has recently been preserved by the Archaeological Department of Bangladesh, alluring countless tourists and visitors every year.

The museum exhibits a wide range of artifacts, demonstrating the interesting stories and hardships of how Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan. It was founded to conserve the history and the sacrifices of the Liberation War. The committee in charge at the time had collected evidence and remains including clothes, documents, photographs, and aircraft from the scenes. Namely, photographs in the museum cover a wide range of events - from prewar to post-independence. Also, the museum has collaborated with - a variety of artists to support cultural events and raise awareness among young children and students. In the late 2000s, a contest regarding the new design of the museum was held because it was considered that the museum did not have adequate space to accommodate its vast amount of artifacts.

Resource Davidson, Lucy. History Hit. Accessed July 4, 2024. Fahad, Samiul. Travel Mate. Accessed July 4, 2024. Image Source Mohammad. Flickr. Accessed July 4, 2024. Wikipedia Commons. Accessed July 4, 2024.

Lalbagh Fort

The Liberation War Museum

Music of Ivory Coast

by Wanhee Lee

The music of the ivory coast is rich and diverse. Zouglou was born out of the discontent of university students with their living conditions in the early 1990s. It generally addresses social issues with sarcastic lyrics and appealing beats. Notable musicians include Magic System, who are well-known throughout the world.

The lively speed and danceable beats define this genre. It was made popular in the early 2000s and combines aspects of hip-hop and zouk, among other musical genres. DJ Arafat and other artists were essential to its ascent.

In Côte d’Ivoire, reggae is very popular, with musicians like Alpha Blondy and Tiken Jah Fakoly at the forefront of the genre. Their music resonates with a broad audience and frequently discusses social and political themes.

Ernesto Djédjé, who is regarded as the father of Ivorian popular music, and other musicians have promoted this ancient genre, which is connected to the Bété people and is renowned for its intricate rhythms.

Ivory Coast natives play a distinctive percussion instrument called the ahoko. It’s made up of a wooden rod with strings coiled around the end of the rod holding nutshells that contain loose seeds. It gives traditional music more depth by producing a percussion sound that can vary in volume from soft to extremely loud. Many current Ivorian performers combine ancient instruments and rhythms with contemporary compositions to create a distinctive blend of the old and the new. This fusion of modern and traditional components preserves cultural legacy while embracing contemporary influences, adding to Ivory Coast’s lively and everevolving music industry.

Resources

By LivePict.com, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8399347 Ernesto Djedje in Abidjan, 1977 – Copyright Analog Africa https://motherlandmusic.com/products/instruments/other-instruments/ahoko/

Alpha Blondy in 2007

Ernesto Djedje in Abidjan, 1977

Ahoko

Photo

체코의 음악가

글 Minha Oh

한국에서는 상대적으로 체코의 음악 가가 유명하지 않 은 편이다. < 신세계로부터 > 와 같 은 곡 은 유명하지만 실 질 적으로 누 가 작 곡 하였는지. 누 가 작 곡 하였는지를 알 더 라도 또 다 른 음악 가는 누 가 있는지 잘 알려 져 있지 않 다. 따라서 체코의 유명한 음악 거 장 둘 을

소개하고자 한다.

첫 번째 로 소개할 체코의 유명한 음악 인은 민족 주의 음

악 가인 베드리 히 스 메타 나( Bedřich Smetana , 182 4188 4 )이다. 스 메타 나는 드보르작과 함께 체코의 대 표 적

인 작 곡 가로 꼽힌 다. 스 메타 나는 인생에 우여 곡절 이 많

은 작 곡 가 중 한 사 람 이다. 세 명의 딸 을 잃 고 사 랑 하는

아내를 잃 고 마침 내 그의 청 력 까 지 잃 었으며, 조 국 까 지

잃 게 되었다. 18 4 8년 당 시 2 4 세의 스 메타 나는 체코의 국 민 의용 군 으로 가 담 하여 ‘국 민 의용 군 혁 명가’, ‘자유 의 노 래 ’ 등을 작 곡 하는 등 민족 운 동 음악 가로 활동 한다. 18 66 년에는 민족 오페라 <팔 려간 신부 > 를 체코어로 작 곡 하는 등 민족 문화운 동 을 활 발 히 이어간다. 이후, 스 메 타 나는 6 년여에 걸쳐 교 향 시 < 나의 조 국(187 4- 1880) > 을 작 곡 하게 된다. 스 메타 나의 연작 교 향 시 < 나의 조 국 > 은 체코의 자연을 음악 으로 표현 해 낸 6 개의 작 품 으로 이루어 져 있다. 조 국 체코를 향 한 애 국 심 으로 완 성한 만 큼 , 체코의 애 국가 같은 존재이다.

두 번째 소개할 체코의 음악인은 안토닌 레오폴드 드보르 자크( Antonín Dvořák )이다. 체코 보 헤 미아에서 태어 났 는 데 비 올 라를 연주했다고 전해 진 다. 이후, 프라하 대 학 의 교수로 1년동안 근무했으며 나중에는 뉴욕의 국립음악원 지 휘 자로 어 마 어 마 한 월 급 을 받 으면서 초 청 되어 갔 다고 한다. 안토닌 드보르자크는 체코를 대표하는 클래식 작곡 가로 손꼽히는 인물로, 체코의 민족성을 표현한 음악들을 많이 만들어 체코를 넘어 전 세계에 보헤미아의 음악을 알 렸어요. 그의 대표작으로는 한국 예능에 많이 나와 한국사 람들도 잘 알고 있는 <신세계로부터>, 뉴욕 체코타운에서 휴가를 보내면서 미국에 대한 인상을 분석하여 음악으로 표현한 <뉴욕교향곡>이 있다.

Image Source

By Unknown author - This file comes from Gallica Digital Library and is available under the digital ID btv1b8417521d, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia. org/w/index.php?curid=101281

Bedřich Smetana. (2024, July 3). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana

Resources [네이버 지식백과] 안토닌 드보르자크 [Antonín Dvořák] (최신명곡해설 & 클래식명곡해설 - 작곡가편, 2012. 5. 31., 삼호ETM 편집부) https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=351966&mobile&cid=51045&categoryId=51045 [동양일보] 눈으로 보는 클래식 이야기 _3. 체코의 민족주의 음악가, 스메타나 ‘나의조국’ http://www.dynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=651941 [네이버 지식백과] 스메타나 [Bedřich Smetana] (최신명곡해설 & 클래식명곡해설 - 작곡가편, 2012. 5. 31., 삼호ETM 편집부) https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=700600&cid=51045&categoryId=51045&mobile

Ecuador’s Thriving Renewable Energy Sector

by Sarah Kang

Ecuador is emerging as a leader in renewable energy in Latin America, leveraging its abundant natural resources to build a sustainable energy future. The country’s commitment to renewable energy is reflected in its significant investments in hydroelectric, solar, and wind power projects.

Hydroelectric Power

Hydropower is the cornerstone of Ecuador’s renewable energy strategy. The country has constructed several large hydroelectric plants, such as the Coca Codo Sinclair and the ToachiPilatón complexes, which together provide a substantial portion of Ecuador’s electricity. These projects not only reduce reliance on fossil fuels but also contribute to energy security and economic stability.

Solar and Wind Energy

Ecuador is investing in solar and wind energy in addition to hydroelectric power. The construction of solar farms in regions with high solar radiation and wind farms in coastal areas demonstrates Ecuador’s commitment to diversifying its renewable energy portfolio. Projects like the Villonaco Wind Farm in Loja are pioneering efforts in harnessing wind energy to supply clean power to the national grid.

Economic and Environmental Impact

The shift towards renewable energy is having a positive impact on Ecuador’s economy and environment. By reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels, the country is saving on energy costs and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. This transition supports Ecuador’s goals under international climate agreements and positions the country as a model for sustainable development.

Photo by Mark Stebnicki: https://www.pexels.com/ photo/close-up-of-solar-panels-15751136/

Photo that can be used offered by the Minsitry of Tourism

Resources https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/ecuadorelectric-power-and-renewable-energy

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362583398_Barriers_ to_renewable_energy_expansion_Ecuador_as_a_case_study https://dialogue.earth/en/energy/11464-ecuador-s-chinabacked-hydropower-revolution-2/, Ministerio de Turismo Ecuador

The Scientific Achievements of Ancient Egypt by Soohyun Shim

Egypt has a rich history of scientific achievements that have profoundly influenced modern science, particularly in the fields of medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. One of the earliest known medical texts, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, dated around 1600 BCE, showcases ancient Egyptians’ advanced understanding of human anatomy and surgical procedures. This document is notable for its rational approach to medicine, as it provides detailed descriptions of injuries and treatments based on empirical observations rather than relying on supernatural explanations, highlighting the Egyptians’ early use of the scientific method (Breasted 1930). In addition to their contributions to medicine, the Egyptians were also pioneers in mathematics, as evidenced by the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, written around 1550 BCE. This text reveals their proficiency in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry, crucial for various practical applications, including land surveying and the architectural feats of pyramid construction, demonstrating their ability to solve complex mathematical problems with remarkable precision (Gillings 1972).

Moreover, the ancient Egyptians made significant strides in astronomy by developing one of the earliest 365-day calendars, based on their systematic observations of stars and celestial bodies. This calendar, divided into twelve months, influenced the later Julian and Gregorian calendars, showcasing the Egyptians’ ability to blend scientific knowledge with practical needs for agricultural and religious purposes (Neugebauer 1969). These contributions illustrate Egypt’s role as a cornerstone of early scientific thought and its lasting impact on human knowledge and understanding development.

Resource

Breasted, James Henry. The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. University of Chicago Press, 1930. Gillings, Richard J. Mathematics in the Time of the Pharaohs. Dover Publications, 1972. Neugebauer, Otto. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity. Dover Publications, 1969.

에티오피아의 과거와 현재

글 Yeeun Seo

정식 국가 명칭은 에티오피아 연방민주공화국(Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)입니다. 사하라 이남 아프리카 지역에 위치하고 있으며, 면적은 한반도의 약 5배, 한국의 11배입니다. 인구는 약 1억 1,200 만 명이며, 수도는 아디스아바바(Addis Ababa)입니다. 에티오피아는 우리나라와 1963년 12월 외교관계를

수립하여 2023년 수교 60주년을 맞았습니다. 수교 전인 1950년 6.25 전쟁 당시 군대를 파병했었고, 셀라 시에 황제가 방한한 일도 있었습니다. 이후 의료기술협력 협정, 경제기술협력 협정, 문화 협정, 무역 협정 등 을 체결하며 친선 관계를 유지해왔습니다. 우리나라는 건설 중 장비, 합성수지 등을 수출하고 있고, 커피와 화초 등을 대표적으로 수입하고 있습니다.

국토의 절반이 고원인 에티오피아에는 아비시니아 고원이라고도 불리는 에티오피아 고원이 있습니다. 아프 리카에서 가장 큰 고원으로, 평균 해발 고도가 2천 m를 넘으며, 아프리카의 지붕이라고 불리기도 합니다. 지 금까지도 야생 커피가 수확되는 지역이며, 고대에 악숨 왕국이 번창했던 곳이기도 합니다. 에티오피아는 커 피의 발상지로 매우 유명합니다. 에티오피아의 커피 역사는 천 년 이상 되었으며, 오늘날까지도 에티오피아 는 세계의 주요한 커피 생산지 중 하나입니다.

출처 http://baristarules.maeil.com/blog/2352/ https://brunch.co.kr/@kaikim/17

강수량, 기온, 토양 등의 자연환경이 최적의 커피 재배 조건을 갖추고 있어 최고급 커피 원두를 생산하여 인기를 끌고 있습 니다. 에티오피아의 대표적인 커피 재배 지역으로는 예가체프 (Yirgacheffe), 시다모(Sidamo), 리무(Limu), 짐마(Jimma), 하라( Harrar ), 김 비( Gimbi ) 등이 있는데, 그중 예 가체프, 시 다모, 하라는 에티오피아 정부가 자국의 커피를 알리기 위해 2004년에 상표로 등록하였습니다.

이미지 출처 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4 14957 https://www.tripodcoffee.com.au/blogs/news/yirgacheffe-coffee-101-here-s-why-it-s-so-good

Lambaréné, Gabon

Photo by Jealife Pictures on Unsplash

General Overview of Gabon Information Technology Development

by Hanyong Joh

Gabon has made significant investments in developing a high-speed fiber optic network since 2012, recognizing the socioeconomic benefits that information and communication technologies can bring. Gabon’s IT development has been a story of progress. The cost of internet access has decreased by a factor of ten since 2010, while the number of subscribers has increased by a factor of seven during the same period.

According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Gabon climbed ten places in the world ICT ranking in 2017 and currently stands as Africa’s sixth most connected country. These achievements testify to Gabon’s commitment to digital transformation and its potential for further growth.

Gabon’s government and international organizations are not resting on their laurels. They continue to have ambitious plans to increase access and inclusion, which may require significant capital investments, particularly in rural areas. This commitment to further development and inclusion is inspiring and sets a positive trajectory for Gabon’s IT industry.

Image Source:

Many projects are designed to modernize the national health information system, promote a dynamic ecosystem that enhances digital innovation, and create local and regional jobs and services.

Resources:

“Gabon: The World Bank Boosts Its Support to Accelerate Digital Transformation.” 2018. World Bank. June 25, 2018.

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2024/01/02/gabon-the-world-bankboost-its-support-to-accelerate-digitaltransformation

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/06/25/gabon-leading-ict-connected-country-in-central-and-western-africa-thanksto-judicious-investments

https://www.flickr.com/photos/govrw/10561922545/in/photolist-7GuCbN-h6jBAR-5pBuNu-mfRBk-7GpWf6-7Gq356-h6jTKo-nHfzkz-nZKaNr

Guatemala Coffee: Special Aroma & taste

by Carson Park

Coffee, first introduced in Guatemala by missionaries in the early 18th century, plays an important role in shaping the Guatemalan economy and culture today. There are 8 different regions where coffee is grown across the country: Coban, Huehue, San Marcos, Atitlan, Acatenango, Antigua, Fraijanes, and Oriente. Among them, Antigua, known for producing a very rich, sweet coffee with balanced acidity, is the best-known coffee-growing region.

Cultivation of coffee beans primarily began in Guatemala throughout the latter half of the 1800s when various national programs sought to increase coffee production as a way to improve the economy. One example of efforts to stimulate coffee production was the land privatization program promoted by President Justo Rufino Barrios in 1871, which led to the establishment of large coffee farms and production of the best coffees in Guatemala.

The geography of Guatemala greatly benefits the quality of coffee beans produced. Coffee in regions surrounded by volcanoes experiences a strong earthy flavor through minerals in the soil and volcanic ash. On the other hand, coffee grown at high altitudes has vibrant acidity and fruity flavors.

Coffee has been one of the principal exports in Guatemala. Exporting an estimated 949.43 million U.S. dollars in 2023, a 14 percent decrease from 1.15 billion from the year prior, coffee accounted for nearly 7.01% of all exports in 2022.

The country’s production is almost exclusively Arabica, prepared in the washed way, which has increased the Guatemalan coffee’s popularity in the world.

Resource https://beannbeancoffee.com/blogs/beansider/everything-you-need-to-know-about-coffee-in-guatemala https://coffeehunter.com/our-origins/guatemala/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guatemala Image Source https://www.guatemalancoffees.com/main/impact/ https://www.guatemalancoffees.com/main/regions-and-profiles/ https://www.statista.com/statistics/1416897/coffee-export-value-guatemala/#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20the%20value%20of,compared%20to%20the%20previous%20year.

by Danielle Young Bin Choi

Buddhism in Laos

by Minjun Kim

Laos has various religions, but Buddhism is the most common. For over 1000 years, Buddhism has impacted Laos greatly, and numerous historical sights are related to Buddhism.

3. Cultural Significance

• Daily Life: Buddhism influences daily practices like almsgiving and fostering community connections.

• Festivals: Celebrations such as Boun Khao Phansa unite communities with traditional ceremonies.

• Art and Architecture: Temples showcase intricate designs and murals that reflect Buddhist teachings.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_ Laos#:~:text=Theravada%20Buddhism%20is%20the%20 largest,spirits%2C%20particularly%20in%20rural%20areas.

1. Popularity

• The state of religion of Lao

• Over 67% of the population practice Buddhism

• Approximately 5000 temples serve as the center of religious practices

• Roughly 22000 monks throughout 5000 temples

2. History

• History of over 1000 years

• It was introduced by Mon Buddhist in the eighth century.

• Spread throughout the country between the 14th and 17th century

• Numerous Buddhism-related historical sights

Image Sources: Pha That Luang. (2024, August 31). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pha_That_Luang https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/photo-day-monks-laos The significance of Boun Ok Phansa (Cre: Discover Laos Today)

Mexican-origin Superhero : Spider-man 2099

by Seungwoo Oh

Today, I would like to introduce one Mexicanorigin superhero out of many Marvel superheroes. Although Marvel Comics pursued racial diversity in casting actors, we could not see a single character in Marvel with the Mexican race until the mid-1990s. However, Sony, the production company holding legal copyright to screen Spiderman in their studios, created a Spiderman movie in which the Mexican character appears as one of the main characters, which hugely impacts the plot of the movie. As no surprise, Sony decided to launch Spiderman 2099, whose appearance resembled the Mexican, across the SpiderVerse not only to target the specific market of Hispanic Americans but also to display the unique character as a variant of Spiderman. Spiderman 2099 is a Marvel superhero character, a variant of the original Spiderman, Peter Parker. His actual name is Miguel O’Hara, a Mexican Irish living in Nueva York.

This superhero is fluent in speaking English and Spanish. In Across the Spider-verse, Miguel wears a cyber-styled suit that is from the setting of 2099 with an orange web color. In the film, he is perceived as the main character as he tries to save everyone by sacrificing a single person, while Miles Morales, the main character of the movie, tries to save one person. Miguel O’Hara is plotted as an antagonist to Miles Morales, but he is ultimately portrayed as a protagonist in the Spiderman series. It is important to note that superheroes have started to represent diverse nationalities and that Mexico is also a part of the international cultural bonding of Sony, which is illustrated via Spider-Man. I am excited to see many versions of superheroes rather than one stereotyped superhero, as our real world is full of diversity, and such diversity should be respected in every corner of our lives.

Resources: https://www.marvel.com/characters/spider-man-2099-miguel-o-hara

Image Source: by Vaderxl Posted in Miguel O’HaraOscar Isaac, https://sonypicturesanimation.fandom.com/wiki/Miguel_O%27Hara?file=Miguel.jpg

Guatemala City, Guatemala Department, Guatemala

Photo by Antonio’s Strda :

Youth

Slovenia 의 자동차 산업

글

Yeeun Seo

슬로베니아의 산업 및 기술은 오랫동안 발전해왔으며, SPIRIT 슬로베니아 사업 개발 기관은 슬로베니아가 다양한 비즈니스 기회와 가치를 창출할 수 있도록 지원하고 있다.

첫 번째로 알아볼 것은 슬로베니아의 자동차 산업이다. 슬로베니아에서 부품이 만들어지지 않는다면 유럽에 서 자동차를 생산하기 어려울 정도로 대부분의 자동차 브랜드(폭스바겐, 부가티, 페라리, 롤스로이스 등)가 슬로베니아의 부품을 사용한다. 이에 따라 슬로베니아의 자동차 산업은 슬로베니아 전체 수출의 20%, GDP 의 10%를 차지한다. 또한, 슬로베니아는 국가 선정 최고의 혁신에 선정되기도 했다. 슬로베니아가 유럽 자 동차 산업의 요구에 완벽히 적응해 이 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었던 이유는 오랜 산업 전통, 경쟁력 있는 가격 의 고품질 솔루션, 유연한 비즈니스 방향 등이 큰 영향을 끼쳤으며, 자동차 산업의 강대국답게 최근에는 스 마트, 자율주행, 전기차용 전장 부품 및 소프트웨어 개발과 공급까

2) EK 워터 블록

1) ELAPHE: 인휠 전기 모터 시스템

며, 모터는 첨 단

최신 PC의 주요 구성요소에서 효율적인 열 제거를 가능하 게 하는 수냉식 솔루션이며, 액체 냉각은 과열된 하드웨어

를 시원하게 제어하고 PC에서 발생하는 소음을 최소화한

다. EK는 맞춤형 루프 냉각 구성요소, 액체 냉각 솔루션, 게

이밍 PC 및 워크스테이션을 130개 이상의 국가에 수출하 고 있는 PC 액체 냉각 솔루션의 대표적인 브랜드이다. 현 재 그들은 IT회사 및 자동차산업에서 유명 브랜드와 협력하 고 있다.

3) 슬립온 라인 고성능 배기 시스템

부 품 에 연결되어 제어장치와의

2016년 레드닷 어워드(제품 디자인 부문) 수상작인 람보르기니 아벤타도르용 슬립온 라인 배기 시스템은 티타늄과 인코넬로 제작된 정밀 엔지니어링 하이브리드 배기 시스템으로 V12 고성능 엔진을 위해 특별히 설계되었다. 기본 시스템보다 46% 가볍고 고성능 시스템을 갖춘 것을 자랑한다. 이뿐만 아니라 최첨단 사 운드 키트를 통해 소리를 제어해 배기 밸브롤 제어하고 시각적인 부분에서도 독창적이라는 평가를 받고 있 다.

Resources https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/ https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/industries-and-technologies/automotive-industry https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/success-stories/akrapovic-slip-on-line-high-performance-exhaust-system https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/success-stories/ek-water-blocks-ekwb-doo-unleashing-the-power-of-liquid-cooling https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/success-stories/ambassadors/elaphe-in-wheel-electric-motor-system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-OBytR5HG4

Image Source SPIRIT Slovenia 2022(https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/) SPIRIT Slovenia 2022(https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/)

Slovenia 의 인공지능과 ICT 기술

글 Yeeun Seo

4차 산업혁명 시대에 여러 나라의 인공지능과 ICT 기술 및 전문성이 나라의 중요한 자원이 되고 있다. 슬로 베니아는 인공지능과 블록체인 기술에 있어 발전된 나라 중 하나이며, 특히 블록체인 기술을 중심으로 한 스 타트업이 많다. 또한, 슬로베니아는 국가 블록체인 테스트 인프라를 갖춘 최초의 EU 회원국이자 유네스코 인공지능 국제 연구 센터 본부가 위치한 곳이다. 이들은 무선 센서 시스템, 다중모드 데이터 분석, 복잡한 기 계 인식 시스템 등과 관련된 문제를 탐구하고 있다. 슬로베니아의 디지털 환경은 고급 소프트웨어, 스마트 홈 및 IoT 도시를 갖추고 있으면서 ‘친환경, 창의 전략’을 내세우고 있어 슬로베니아의 ICT 기술이 더욱 기대 되는 이유이다.

1) SETCCE: BetrSign® 전자 서명 플랫폼

SETCCE는 사내 전문 지식을 활용해 디지털 거 래 관리 제품(전자 서명, 전자 송장, 전자 보관)

을 개발했다.

이 제품은 슬로베니아와 아드리아 해 지역에서

대부분의 시장 점유율을 보유하고 있으며, 효율

적이고 종이 서류를 대신한 환경친화적인 비즈

니스 모 델 ( BM )과 서비스가 장점이다. 실제로

BetrSignSTART 클라우드 서비스는 EU 전역에

서 4만 명 이상의 사용자를 보유하고 있다.

2) AV Living Lab

AV Livi n g Lab 은 ICT 산업, 에 너 지, 환 경 보호 등의 다양한 사업과 BTC City 생태계를 연결하 는 모빌리티 솔루션을 개발하고 있다.

이 회사는 복합성, 모든 사람의 이동성, 환경 연 료 사용, 개인 차량의 개별 경로 감소 및 기술을 강조하고 있으며, 자율주행 차량 테스트를 위한 생태계를 구축했다. 실제 환경 기술을 개발하고 실험하는 이 회사는 BMW Manufacturerthon 챌린 지에서 상위 12위, EIT U rba n M o bility

Scale-Up에서 상위 21위를 차지하는 등 모빌리 티 및 관련 산업 분야에서 여러 서비스를 개발하 며 성장하고 있다.

Resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PDKAPAtlZc https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/industries-and-technologies https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/success-stories/ambassadors/av-living-lab-city-as-a-lab/ https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/why-do-business-in-slovenia/green-creative-smart https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/success-stories/ambassadors/setcce-epero-electronic-signature-platform Image Source https://www.sloveniabusiness.eu/success-stories/ambassadors/setcce-epero-electronic-signature-platform https://avlivinglab.com/av-living-lab-becomes-an-ambassador-of-slovenian-economy/

Zambia’s Commitment to Sustainable Development

by Sierra Ahn

Zambia is increasingly recognized for its commitment to sustainable development, striving to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. The country is rich in natural resources, including minerals, forests, and wildlife, which provide essential livelihoods for many Zambians. However, this wealth has also posed challenges, as the demand for resources has sometimes led to unsustainable practices. In response, Zambia has implemented various strategies to ensure that development meets the needs of both present and future generations.

The government has prioritized sustainable agriculture, recognizing its importance for food security and rural development. Initiatives that promote organic farming, agroforestry, and responsible land use are gaining traction, helping to increase crop yields while protecting the environment. Local farmers are being trained in sustainable practices, which not only enhances their productivity but also contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and soil health.

Zambia is also making strides in renewable energy, aiming to diversify its energy sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The country has significant potential for solar and hydroelectric power generation, with projects underway to harness these resources effectively. By investing in clean energy, Zambia seeks to address the challenges of climate change while providing reliable electricity to its citizens, particularly in rural areas where access has been limited.

Moreover, Zambia’s commitment to conservation extends to its wildlife and ecosystems. Community-based conservation initiatives empower local communities to manage and benefit from their natural resources, fostering a sense of stewardship and responsibility. These initiatives not only protect biodiversity but also enhance the livelihoods of those living in and around protected areas through eco-tourism and sustainable harvesting practices.

Zambia’s path toward sustainable development is marked by a collaborative approach involving government, NGOs, and local communities. By prioritizing sustainability, the nation is not only protecting its natural heritage but also paving the way for a resilient and prosperous future that aligns with the global agenda for sustainable development.

Resource

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/zambia https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Zambia-SDGs-Baseline-Report-2021-14-06-2021-FINAL.pdf https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2023/hope-zambia%E2%80%99s-path-sustainable-development Image Source https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/zambias-solar-energy-industry-government-efforts-challenges-haigh/ https://thebusinesstelegraph.com/zambias-economic-think-tank-unveils-theme-for-2020-summit-sdgs-2030/

잠비아의 지속 가능한 발전에 대한 헌신

글 Sierra Ahn

잠비아는 지속 가능한 발전에 대한 헌신으로 점점 더 많은 인정을 받고 있으며, 경제 성장과 환경 보존 간의 균형을 이루기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 이 나라는 광물, 숲, 야생 동물을 포함한 풍부한 자연 자원을 보유하고 있으며, 이는 많은 잠비아인들의 필수적인 생계를 제공합니다. 그러나 이러한 부는 자원의 수요가 때때로 지속 불가능한 관행으로 이어지는 도전을 안겨주기도 했습니다. 이에 대응하여 잠비아는 현재와 미래 세대의 필요를 충족하는 발전을 보장하기 위한 다양한 전략을 시행하고 있습니다.

정부는 식량 안전과 농촌 발전의 중요성을 인식하고 지속 가능한 농업을 최우선 과제로 삼았습니다.

유기농업, 농업 임업, 책임 있는 토지 사용을 촉진하는 이니셔티브가 확산되고 있으며, 이는 환경을 보호하면서 농작물 수확량을 증가시키는 데 도움을 주고 있습니다. 지역 농부들은 지속 가능한 관행에 대한 교육을 받으며, 이는 생산성을 높일 뿐만 아니라 생물 다양성과 토양 건강의 보존에도 기여하고 있습니다.

잠비아는 또한 에너지원의 다양화와 화석 연료 의존도를 줄이기 위해 재생 가능 에너지 분야에서 발걸음을 내딛고 있습니다. 이 나라는 태양광 및 수력 발전의 잠재력이 크며, 이러한 자원을 효과적으로 활용하기 위한 프로젝트가 진행 중입니다. 깨끗한 에너지에 대한 투자를 통해 잠비아는 기후 변화의 도전에 대응하고, 특히 접근이 제한된 농촌 지역에서 시민들에게 신뢰할 수 있는 전기를 제공하려고 합니다.

게다가, 잠비아의 보존에 대한

헌신은 야생 동물과 생태계에도

확장됩니다. 지역 사회 기반 보존

이니셔티브는 지역 주민들이 자연

자원을 관리하고 혜택을 받을 수

있도록 권한을 부여하여 책임감과

소속감을 고취시킵니다. 이러한

이니셔티브는 생물 다양성을

보호할 뿐만 아니라, 보호 지역

주변에 거주하는 사람들의 생계를

향상시키는 에코 투어리즘 및

지속 가능한 수확 관행을 통해 기여합니다.

잠비아의 지속 가능한 발전을 향한 길은 정부, 비정부기구(NGO), 지역 사회가 함께하는 협력적 접근 방식으로 특징지어집니다. 지속 가능성을 우선시함으로써, 이 나라는 자연 유산을 보호하는 것뿐만 아니라, 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 글로벌 의제에 부합하는 회복력 있고 번영하는 미래를 위한 길을 열어가고 있습니다.

출처 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/zambia https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Zambia-SDGs-Baseline-Report-2021-14-06-2021-FINAL.pdf https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2023/hope-zambia%E2%80%99s-path-sustainable-development 이미지 출처 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/zambias-solar-energy-industry-government-efforts-challenges-haigh/ https://thebusinesstelegraph.com/zambias-economic-think-tank-unveils-theme-for-2020-summit-sdgs-2030/

Azerbaijan: A Nation of Learning and Literacy Excellence

by Seoyoung Ann

What is the Literacy Rate?

The literacy rate measures how much of the population of a country can read.

Since 2007, Azerbaijan has maintained its literacy rate at over 99% amongst its population. In 2023, it is estimated that the literacy rate of adults was 99.8%, strongly reflecting the country’s effective education system.

The people of Azerbaijan regard education as highly important, as it plays a major role in the development of the country’s economic and social sectors. The Azerbaijani government invests in the education system to ensure that its citizens receive quality education.

It makes an effort to encourage education in the country. So far, teacher salaries have increased, and school materials such as textbooks have become more accessible.

Moreover, in 2021, a six-day schedule for secondary schools in the country was implemented, showcasing the emphasis on education and the well-being of the citizens (AZERNEWS).

Resources:

“Azerbaijan Announces Number of School Days for New Academic Year.” Azernews.Az, 7 Sept. 2021, www.azernews.az/nation/183027.html.

“Azerbaijan - Literacy Rate 2019.” Countryeconomy.Com, Follow us.19 July 2023. countryeconomy.com/demography/literacy-rate/ azerbaijan#:~:text=According%20to%20UNESCO%20Azerbaijan%20it.has%20increased%20in%20recent%20years.

“Education in Azerbaijan.” Vistak, vistak.co/education-in-azerbaijan/.

Image Source:

“Azerbaijan Announces Number of School Days for New Academic Year.” Azernews.Az, 7 Sept. 2021, www.azernews.az/nation/183027.html.

Photo by Emily: https://www.pexels.com/photo/books-768125/

A Rising Hub for Global Textiles & Ethical Fashion

by Eric Kim

Bangladesh has emerged as one of the largest producers of textiles and garments in the world, playing a crucial role in the global fashion industry. As a key supplier to major international brands, the country’s textile sector has become the backbone of its economy, providing employment for millions of people, particularly women. However, beyond sheer production capacity, Bangladesh is becoming increasingly recognized for its efforts in promoting ethical fashion and sustainable practices within the industry.

In recent years, Bangladesh has made significant strides toward improving labor conditions and worker safety in the garment industry. Following international scrutiny, the country implemented reforms to ensure safer working environments, higher wages, and better social protections for its workforce. These efforts have not only improved the well-being of workers but also strengthened Bangladesh’s reputation as a responsible player in the global supply chain.

Sustainability is also a growing focus in the country’s textile sector. As the fashion industry faces increasing pressure to reduce its environmental impact, Bangladesh is stepping up by investing in eco-friendly production processes. Many factories are adopting sustainable technologies such as water-efficient dyeing methods, solar energy, and waste recycling programs. The country now boasts some of the most environmentally conscious garment factories in the world, including LEEDcertified green buildings that reduce carbon emissions and promote energy efficiency.

In addition to these advancements, Bangladesh is also nurturing homegrown ethical fashion brands that prioritize transparency and fair trade. These local brands are carving out a niche in the global market by emphasizing craftsmanship, natural materials, and slow fashion principles.

As the global fashion industry shifts toward more conscious consumerism, Bangladesh’s commitment to ethical and sustainable production positions it as a leader in the future of fashion. By focusing on innovation, ethical labor practices, and sustainability, Bangladesh is transforming its textile industry into a model for responsible manufacturing. This shift not only strengthens its global influence but also fosters a more equitable and sustainable future for its people and the planet.

Resource

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/future-of-bangladeshs-textile-industry-amidst-political-uncertainty/ articleshow/112774329.cms

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-bangladesh-becoming-global-leader-post-industrial-ilnme/?trk=public_post_main-feed-card_ feed-article-content

Image Source

Photo by Tarek Islam: https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-colors-of-spools-of-thread-9414469/

Maasai Mara National Reserve, Narok County, Kenya

Photo by sutirta budiman on Unsplash

West Africa’s Hidden Gem

by Aiden Lee

Welcome to Côte d’Ivoire, a land of vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality. Nestled along the Atlantic coast of West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity, making it a top destination for travelers seeking adventure, relaxation, and unforgettable experiences.

Why Visit Côte d’Ivoire?

Natural Wonders:

Breathtaking Beaches:

From the serene shores of GrandBassam, a UNESCO World Heritage site, to the lively beaches of Assinie, Côte d’Ivoire boasts some of the most beautiful coastlines in West Africa.

Cultural Richness:

Explore the dynamic capital of Abidjan, known as the “Paris of Africa,” with its modern skyscrapers and vibrant nightlife. Or dive deep into Ivorian culture by visiting the historic town of Yamoussoukro, home to the world’s largest basilica.

Experience the lush rainforests and wildlife of Tai National Park, another UNESCO World Heritage site, where you can spot elephants, chimpanzees, and rare plant species.

Colorful Festivals:

From the vibrant Abissa Festival in Grand-Bassam to the traditional Poro initiation ceremonies of the Senufo people, Côte d’Ivoire is alive with celebrations that honor its diverse cultural heritage.

Image Source https://www.mappr.co/flag-maps/ivory-coast/

A Beacon of Beauty, the Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape

by Yoonchan Hwang

The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It consists of two main castles, Lednice Castle and Valtice Castle, and a vast landscape including parks, gardens, forests, and artificial lakes.

The Lednice-Valtice area was originally the site of a mighty 12th-century border castle. The history of the cultural landscape begins in the Middle Ages when the Liechtenstein family acquired the Lednice estate in the 13th century and Valtice by the end of the 14th century. Over the centuries, the Liechtensteins transformed the area into a magnificent complex, undertaking extensive landscaping and architectural projects. For 700 years, the land remained in the Liechtenstein family’s possession.

The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape showcases the power and wealth of the Liechtenstein family. The castles and gardens are masterpieces of Baroque and Neoclassical architecture. The parks and forests are also carefully designed to create a sense of harmony and beauty.

Above all the castles and parks, Chateau Lednice stands out as the most remarkable architecture within the Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape. It is one of the most beautiful chateaux in the Czech Republic. It was originally built in the Renaissance style, but it was extensively remodeled in the 19th century in the Neo-Gothic style. It was the residence of the Austrian and Moravian Lords of Liechtenstein for centuries. The castle is known for its beauty, as well as its long tradition of winemaking. Grape vines were brought to the area by the Roman legion of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and the castle now houses a wine salon where visitors can enjoy a glass of superb Moravian wine.

So, be sure to explore Europe’s finest garden when you visit Czechia.

cestu a užijte si Váš výlet!

References

Informational resources:

Národní památkový ústav. Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from npu.cz UNESCO. Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from whc.unesco.org UNESCO Czech heritage. Lednice-Valtice Area - Introduction. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from czech-unesco.org Wikimedia Commons. Lednice Castle 28. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from wikimedia.org Wingelmüller, G. Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from amazingczechia.com Kelner, H. Lednice Castle [Photograph]. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from wikimedia.org Image Sources https://www.visitczechia.com/en-us/news/2021/04/n-unesco-heritage-sites

Otavalo Market

by Eric Lee

Discover the Otavalo Market, one of Ecuador’s most famous indigenous markets. Located in the Andean town of Otavalo, this bustling market is renowned for its vibrant textiles, handmade crafts, and local produce.

Explore stalls brimming with colorful ponchos, intricate jewelry, and traditional hats, all crafted by skilled Otavaleño artisans.

The market provides a unique opportunity to engage with Ecuadorian culture, offering authentic experiences like sampling local foods and observing traditional music and dance. Visiting Otavalo Market offers a rich cultural experience, showcasing Ecuador’s artisanal heritage and vibrant traditions.

The market is best visited on Saturdays when it’s at its liveliest. It’s easily accessible from Quito by bus, making it a convenient day trip!

Resources

https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-weaving-of-theecuadorian-toquilla-straw-hat-00729#:~:text=The%20 toquilla%20straw%20hat%20is,from%20the%20green%20 outer%20skin.

https://homeroortega.com/historia-del-panamahat/?lang=en#:~:text=The%20construction%20of%20the%20 Panama,place%20of%20origin%20is%20Ecuador.

Image Resources Photos that can be used offered by the Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador

by Soohyun Shim

How much do you know about healthy traditional Egyptian foods?

Today, I am going to introduce few of them!

A Journey Through Gabon’s Olympic Success Stories

by Hanyong Joh

Despite being a relatively small country, Gabon has continuously produced remarkable athletes who have inspired many with their dedication, resilience, and triumphs in various sports, especially in the Olympic Games.

Many Gabonese athletes have overcome significant challenges, including limited funding and inadequate training facilities. To pursue their passion, these athletes often have to juggle training with work or education, showing remarkable resilience and determination. Community support in Gabon is crucial, with local sports clubs and organizations playing a vital role in nurturing talent. Athletes credit their success to the encouragement and resources provided by their communities. Grassroots programs have been instrumental in identifying young talent and providing them with training opportunities, often funded by community fundraising efforts. This collective spirit fosters a sense of belonging and motivation among athletes, highlighting the immense power of community support in nurturing talent.

As Gabon continues to develop its sports programs, the future looks not just promising, but bright. The government and various organizations are increasingly focusing on sports development, paving the way for more athletes to compete on the world stage. Initiatives aimed at improving training facilities and funding for athletes are gradually taking shape, hoping to enhance Gabon’s performance in future Olympic Games.

Gabon’s Olympic journey is a story of resilience, community support, and determination. With continued investment in athletes and sports programs, Gabon looks forward to a bright future, producing more success stories and inspiring future generations. We believe in our athletes’ ability to shine in this year’s Olympics in Paris. Embrace the challenges ahead with courage. We hope that the strength of spirit guides them as we cheer for them every step of the way! Let’s make history!

References:

https://olympics.com/en/original-series/episode/aya-the-first-female-swimmer-to-represent-gabon-at-the-olympics-playingfields https://www.olympedia.org/countries/GAB

https://www.theafricareport.com/356506/olympic-games-african-leaders-at-the-paris-2024-opening-ceremony/ https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-08-26-voa7/406914.html

Image Sources:

@destinyafricanmarket.(2024,July 26) African countries at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Olympics. [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.threads.net/@destinyafricanmarket/post/C9-DTSLurHB

Vientiane,

https://www.pexels.com/photo/view-of-large-sculptures-in-buddha-park-near-vientiane-laos-17757818/

Vientiane Prefecture, Laos

Photo by Ehsan Haque:

Oil and Gas Industry: Fueling the Economy

by Minjoon Kang

Mexico’s oil and gas industry has long been a critical component of its economy, serving as a major source of revenue and energy security. The country is one of the world’s largest oil producers, with significant reserves located in the Gulf of Mexico. State-owned Pemex has traditionally dominated the industry, but recent energy reforms have opened the sector to private and foreign investment, attracting global energy giants like Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil.

The 2013 energy reforms have revitalized the sector by allowing foreign companies to bring in new technologies and expertise, boosting production and improving efficiency. Mexico holds over 11 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, positioning it as a key player in the global energy market.

In addition to oil, Mexico is increasingly focusing on natural gas production, which is becoming more important as the world transitions to cleaner energy sources. The development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and renewable energy projects are helping Mexico diversify its energy portfolio. With continued investment and modernization, Mexico’s oil and gas industry is expected to remain a major contributor to the country’s economic growth and energy security.

Resources:

“Mexico Industry Sector Research Highlights.” Oxford Business Group, 2024, oxfordbusinessgroup.com/mexico-industry-sector.

“What Are the Biggest Industries in Mexico?” WorldAtlas, 2019, www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-biggest-industries-in-mexico. html.

Image Source:

Adobe - Cranes in the port for unloading cargo from ships. Cranes unloading coal from Ship. Night view. by MagioreStockStudio

Merry Christmas! From Slovenia

by Jeewon Park

It is starting to resemble Christmas! Slovenia celebrates a beautiful Christmas, as do many other nations. Slovenia has one of the longest Christmas holidays in Europe, spanning slightly over a month. Events occur from the final days of November through the first week of January. For the majority of Slovenia, Christmas is primarily a religious occasion. Most Slovenes are either devout Catholics or at the very least were raised in a Catholic or Christian home. Most of the nation’s Christmas customs are based on how most Europeans celebrate the holiday. In Slovenia, December is typically a time for giving and generosity. Slovenes also use this time to unwind, spend time with friends and family, and enjoy better company. Slovenes are working to bring back long-standing customs, primarily in the winter.

The main celebration known as the marks the official start of the Christmas season in Slovenia. Slovenes congregate in the Maribor and Ljubljana areas of Slovenia to celebrate by turning on their Christmas lights. Not even just an event, there are many Christmas markets opened in the Ljubljana area where people can buy trees to decorations. Slovenians observe numerous holiday customs, the majority of which are religious. Moreover, Slovenia, in contrast to the majority of the northern hemisphere, makes an effort to avoid major events occurring during this season. No marriages or other significant events take place in the nearby towns or villages to make time in their schedules to spend more time with their families. Furthermore, some families save the Dedek Mraz or Grandpa Frost tradition for the evening of New Year’s Eve and the days following Christmas in Slovenia. Dedek Mraz was a celebration of Russian communist leader Ded Moroz which people exchanged gifts with each other at the time. Overall, holidays play a big role in Slovenia. The way Slovenians celebrate major holidays also reveals how people value the importance of family and generosity. A beautiful time in Slovenia will happen soon! Visit Slovenia and experience the most exquisite time!

References:

“Christmas in Ljubljana.” VisitCroatia.com, 11 Mar. 2021. Eliano. “Christmas Holidays in Slovenia.” Slovenia Tour, 7 Jan. 2021. Kubilius, Kerry. “Slovenia’s Christmas Traditions.” TripSavvy, 3 June 2019. Gupta, Poonam et al. “Ljubljana Christmas Lights.” TravelSlovenia.org, 3 Mar. 2021. Sto. “Christmas Markets in Slovenia.” I Feel Slovenia. Accessed 25 Nov. 2023.

Image Sources:

Poonam Gupta, et al. “12 Magical Festive Photographs of the Ljubljana Christmas Lights.” TRAVELSLOVENIA.ORG

– All You Need To Know To Visit Slovenia, 3 Mar. 2021, travelslovenia.org/ljubljana-christmas-lights/.

Gabon’s Economic Diversification

by David Park

Gabon

is taking important steps to diversify its economy and reduce its reliance on oil, aiming to create a more sustainable and stable economic future. Here are some of the key initiatives and sectors the country is focusing on:

Agriculture:

Gabon is investing in agriculture to boost food production and ensure foodsecurity.

By developing modern farming techniques and supporting local farmers, the country aims to reduce its dependence on imported food and create more jobs in rural areas.

Mining:

Gabon has rich mineral resources, including manganese and gold. The government is promoting responsible mining practices to tap into these resources while minimizing environmental impact. This sector has the potential to generate significant revenue and employment opportunities.

Eco-Tourism:

Gabon is home to stunning landscapes and diverse wildlife, making it an ideal destination for eco-tourism. By promoting sustainable tourism, the country aims to attract visitors from around the world, which will help boost the economy and create jobs in the hospitality and service industries.

References: Africanews. (2023). Gabon: PM unveils transitional government officials. Retrieved from https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/10/gabonpm-unveils-transitional-government-officials/.

Guatemala’s Precious Bird: Resplendent Quetzal

by Colin Park

The word “beautiful bird” might put some images in your mind. But the Quetzal bird is undoubtedly a prominent example. Originating from Guatemala, the Quetzal bird has been the country’s national bird since 1871. It also appears in the national currency (the quetzal), flag, coat of arms, and postage stamps.

Its distinct green color and long, flowing tail feathers have attracted people for ages. It uses its physical attributes to attract mates, especially its red, green, and blue plumage. Due to its weak beak and claws, it is unable to hollow out living trees, so instead, it resides in rotting ones.

The Quetzal’s diet mainly consists of a vast array of fruits, but occasionally, it also consumes succulent lizards or insects.

The bird also serves as a gardener by regurgitating the seeds of the fruits it consumes, leading to the growth of new vegetation.

This bird is unfortunately classified as one of the near threatened species. When taken for face value, one might assume that poaching is the primary threat. However, this is not the case. The Quetzal bird holds cultural significance in Mesoamerica.

During Mayan times, killing a Quetzal bird was deemed a crime, as it symbolized goodness, light, as well as the god of the air. In this regard, the Quetzal bird bridges old and new cultures, continuing to captivate people today.

Despite modernization and changes in fashion trends, many indigenous communities continue to embrace and proudly wear their traditional attire as a symbol of pride and identity.

Resource

https://abcbirds.org/bird/resplendent-quetzal/ https://www.whitehawkbirding.com/national-bird-of-guatemala/ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/resplendentquetzal

Image Source

https://tramatextiles.org/blogs/trama-blog/symbol_of_guatemala_the_ resplendent_quetzal

https://birdingfieldguides.com/wp/resplendent-quetzal-costa-rican-bird-ofthe-day/

Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico

Photo by Bhargava Marripati:

Agriculture: Cultivating Global Connections

by Minjoon Kang

Mexico’s agricultural sector is a cornerstone of its economy, and its influence extends far beyond its borders. The country is one of the world’s top exporters of fresh produce, supplying a wide range of fruits and vegetables to international markets.

Key exports include avocados, tomatoes, limes, and berries, with over 75% of agricultural products destined for the United States. Mexico’s diverse climate allows for year-round cultivation of a variety of crops, giving it a competitive edge in global markets.

Mexico’s agricultural exports are bolstered by trade agreements like the USMCA, which enable the country to expand its market reach to Europe, Asia, and beyond.

In addition to fruits and vegetables, Mexico is a major producer of raw materials such as agave (used in tequila production) and sugarcane. The agricultural sector is also adopting sustainable practices, such as precision farming and advanced irrigation systems, to improve yields while reducing environmental impact.

Looking to the future, Mexico is focusing on modernizing its agricultural infrastructure to enhance productivity and competitiveness.

With continued investment in sustainability and innovation, Mexico’s agricultural sector is set to maintain its position as a key player in global food supply chains, ensuring that the country continues to feed the world for generations to come.

Resources:

“What Are the Biggest Industries in Mexico?” WorldAtlas, 2019, www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-biggest-industries-in-mexico. html.

“10 Major Industries in Mexico - Key Sectors for Manufacturing.” Six Mexico, 2024, www.sixmexico.com/industries.

Image Source:

https://banderasnews.com/mexicos-agricultural-exports-off-to-a-great-start-in-2024/ By Stan Shebs, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=876846

Azerbaijan’s Sports: Basketball Rising, Soccer Thriving

by Seoyoung Ann

Soccer in Azerbaijan is deeply ingrained in the country’s culture, with a history dating back to the early 20th century when British oil workers introduced the sport in Baku. During the Soviet era, Azerbaijani clubs like Neftchi Baku gained prominence, and post-independence, the establishment of the Azerbaijan Premier League has furthered the sport’s development.

Clubs such as Neftchi Baku and Qarabağ FK dominate the domestic scene, with Qarabağ FK gaining international recognition through their performances in UEFA competitions

Fan culture in Azerbaijan is passionate and vibrant, with intense rivalries and dedicated support for local clubs. Modern stadiums like the Baku Olympic Stadium have hosted significant international events, showcasing the country’s ability to organize large-scale soccer tournaments. Additionally, there is growing support for women’s soccer, with efforts to promote the women’s league and national team. Significant investment in infrastructure, training facilities, and youth academies reflects Azerbaijan’s commitment to elevating the standard of soccer. Overall, soccer in Azerbaijan continues to thrive, reflecting a rich heritage and a dynamic future.

Basketball in Azerbaijan, although not as prominent as soccer, is steadily growing in popularity and developing its own unique culture. The sport was introduced during the Soviet era and has continued to evolve since Azerbaijan’s independence in 1991. The Azerbaijan Basketball Federation (ABF) oversees the sport, organizing national competitions and focusing on the development of youth talent through various clubs and academies.

The Azerbaijan Basketball League (ABL) serves as the top professional league, featuring several teams competing for the national championship. Basketball in Azerbaijan enjoys a dedicated fan base and increasing media coverage. The presence of foreign players and coaches has brought international exposure and different playing styles, contributing to the sport’s development. The basketball community, although small, is passionate and enthusiastic, with local clubs and fans actively supporting their teams. With ongoing investment in youth programs, infrastructure, and international collaborations, basketball in Azerbaijan has the potential for significant growth and could become a notable part of the country’s sports culture in the future.

Resources:

“Azerbaijan - Premier League Table, Stats, Form and Results.” SoccerSTATS.Com, www.soccerstats.com/latest.asp?league=azerbaijan. Accessed 20 Sept. 2024.

“Azerbaijan Premier League.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Sept. 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Premier_League. “Basketball.” Azerbaijan, www.azerbaijans.com/content_672_en.html. Accessed 20 Sept. 2024.

References: https:// explore-laos.com/top-10-lao-food-dishes-you-must-try-in-laos/ https://kr.hotels.com/go/laos/great-laotian-dishes?locale=ko_KR&pos=HCOM_KR&siteid=300000041 https://www.seriouseats.com/a-guide-to-the-essential-dishes-of-laos https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/travel/global/top-10-foods-eat-laos

by Gyu A Kim

Yamoussoukro: The Tranquil Heart of Côte d’Ivoire

by Daniel Lee

Yamoussoukro, the political capital of Côte d’Ivoire, stands as a unique blend of grandeur and serenity. Best known for the **Basilica of Our Lady of Peace**, the world’s largest basilica, the city reflects the ambitious vision of the country’s first president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who sought to transform his hometown into a symbol of national pride. The basilica’s stunning architecture, with its towering dome and vast stained-glass windows, is a testament to his desire to create a lasting legacy of peace and faith.

While Yamoussoukro’s development as a capital has been slower than anticipated, its wide boulevards, grand public buildings, and peaceful atmosphere offer a stark contrast to the bustling energy of Abidjan. The **Presidential Palace**, surrounded by lakes inhabited by Nile crocodiles, adds an intriguing element of mystery and history to the city. Visitors can also explore local markets, where the vibrant culture of the Baoulé people is on display through handcrafted goods and traditional crafts.

Today, Yamoussoukro remains a city of quiet charm, where monumental structures stand amid a backdrop of rolling hills and tranquil landscapes. Though its grand vision has yet to be fully realized, it remains a fascinating destination for those seeking to explore Côte d’Ivoire’s rich history, culture, and natural beauty.

Image Source

Photo by Cedric G: https://www.pexels.com/photo/basilica-of-our-lady-of-peace-in-ivory-coast-19891960/

Charles Bridge - Karlův Most

by Yoonchan Hwang

Charles Bridge (Karlův Most) is one of the most iconic medieval landmarks in Prague, Czechia. Spanning the Vltava River, it connects the Old Town (Staré Město) with the Lesser Town (Malá Strana), which is the two important historic areas of the city. The construction of the bridge began in 1357 under the reign of King Charles IV, after whom it is named, and it was completed in the early 15th century. It replaced the earlier Judith Bridge, which had been damaged by floods.

The bridge is built from sandstone and measures about 516 meters in length and nearly 10 meters wide. It was a major part of the route for trade and travel between Eastern and Western Europe during the Middle Age and also a part of the royal road, the route kings took during their coronation processions(Královská cesta). The coronation processions would typically begin at the Powder Tower (Prašná brána), move through the Old Town (Staré Město), and cross Charles Bridge to head toward Prague Castle, where the actual coronation would take place in St. Vitus Cathedral.

One of the most remarkable features of Charles Bridge is the collection of 30 statues and statuaries that line its sides. These statues were added between the 17th and 18th centuries, though the originals have since been replaced by replicas to preserve their beauty from weathering and damage. The original statues can be seen in the National Museum in Prague. Throughout its long history, Charles Bridge has lived throughout the history of Czechia, from battles to floods. Despite its turbulent past, today it serves as a humble pedestrian bridge, bustling with tourists, artists, street performers, and vendors. Charles Bridge will continue to be a symbol of Czechia, connecting people just as it did when it was first built centuries ago.

References: Paun, Ashim. “Charles Bridge.” Britannica. Accessed 13 Sept. 2024. Prague Experience. “Charles Bridge in Prague.” Accessed 13 Sept. 2024. PragueGO. “Charles Bridge in Prague: 5 Things You Need to Know in 2024.” Accessed 13 Sept. 2024.

Image Sources: Prague City Tourism

Bled Island, Bled, Slovenia

Photo by Edoardo Bortoli on Unsplash

Toquilla Straw Hat: Ecuador’s Timeless Craft

by Junseo Kim

The toquilla straw hat is woven from palm fiber that grows off the coast of Ecuador. Craftsmen begin weaving from the top of the hat and finish with the brim.

The toquilla straw hat craft was listed on UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2012. Hats produced in Ecuador were exported through the port of Panama to other countries in the Americas, Europe, and Asia.

Today, it often appears in everyday life or festivals. The color can vary from white to natural straw hues, additionally can be pale yellow in color. As an incentive at the national level, systematic succession is being carried out, such as being included in official education in the region and operating technology centers. Today’s production has shrunk compared to the past as more and more young generations leave, looking for jobs that meet economic conditions.

Resources

https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-weaving-of-the-ecuadorian-toquilla-straw-hat-00729#:~:text=The%20toquilla%20straw%20hat%20is,from%20 the%20green%20outer%20skin.

https://homeroortega.com/historia-del-panama-hat/?lang=en#:~:text=The%20construction%20of%20the%20Panama,place%20of%20origin%20is%20 Ecuador.

Image Resources

Photos that can be used offered by the Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador

Exploring the Rich Flavors of Ethiopian Cuisine

by Sarah Lee

Ethiopian cuisine is a vibrant and diverse culinary tradition that reflects the country’s rich cultural heritage and history.

Injera

Central to Ethiopian meals is “Injera,” a spongy, sourdough flatbread made from teff flour. Injera serves not only as a staple food but also as an edible plate, with various stews and dishes placed directly on top of it. Diners tear off pieces of Injera to scoop up the stews, making every meal a communal experience. The unique, tangy flavor of Injera comes from the fermentation process, which also makes it a nutritious choice, rich in fiber and gluten-free.

A standout feature of Ethiopian cuisine is the variety of “Wats” or stews, which are seasoned with a rich blend of spices. “Doro wat,” a spicy chicken stew, is perhaps the most famous, often considered the national dish of Ethiopia. It is made with berbere, a robust spice mix that includes chili peppers, garlic, ginger, and a myriad of other spices, giving it a deep red color and complex flavor.

Another popular dish is “Kitfo,” a dish made from raw minced beef marinated in mitmita (a spicy chili powder) and niter kibbeh (a clarified butter infused with spices).

Kitfo is often served with a mild cheese called “ayib” and cooked greens, providing a balance to the dish’s rich and spicy profile .

Resources:

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20190217-in-ethiopia-sharing-food-is-an-act-of-love

By Artem.G - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=131063677 https://www.cookingchanneltv.com/recipes/ethiopian-chicken-stew-doro-wat-2120667

By Milo.G - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36838257

Doro wat

Kitfo

대한민국-이집트

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Gabon, a frontrunner in the conservation of nature

by Hanyong Joh

Gabon is a place of awe-inspiring nature. Its lush forests, home to iconic species such as the forest elephants and western lowland gorillas, drape the land. The meandering rivers, including the Ogooué River, nurture it, providing habitats for unique fish species. The rampant ocean, with its rich biodiversity, is a testament to life’s diversity.

Gabon, a country with a rich tapestry of wildlife, boasts a staggering 88 percent of its terrain covered in lush, vibrant green woodlands. This unique landscape serves as a sanctuary for forest elephants, a species teetering on the brink of extinction due to poaching and habitat loss. As ecosystems and the variety of species continue to disappear rapidly globally, it is extremely important to conserve large habitats such as those found in Gabon. Gabon is dedicated to taking a leading role in this area and setting an example for others in Africa and worldwide. Gabon’s dedication to the High Ambition Coalition, a global initiative to safeguard 30 percent of the world’s land and ocean by 2030, is a testament to its commitment to conservation.

Yet, the management of these natural areas is not without its hurdles. The country grapples with various protection designations and limited funds. The isolation of its natural habitats poses challenges to access and stewardship, and monitoring marine protected areas is a particularly daunting task, with fishing boats from the region encroaching on Gabon’s offshore ecosystems. These challenges underscore the pressing need for collective action in conservation. In order to achieve its ambitious goals, Gabon is collaborating with organizations such as The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Expertise in science-based conservation and land-use planning is playing a crucial role in guiding Gabon’s conservation efforts. Together, they are establishing long-lasting protection initiatives and implementing innovative measuring and monitoring techniques. The project has a particular emphasis on freshwater. Each year, the extensive Ogooué River watershed receives almost two meters of rainfall, and it is home to some of the few remaining freely flowing large rivers on the planet.

Gabon aims to utilize some of this hydropower to transition from an oil-dependent economy. The rivers and streams in this country provide habitats for many distinct types of fish, with a third being exclusive to this area. Thus, the project initiated the process by employing scientific methods to chart and categorize these species, their habitats, and water patterns. This data is utilized to produce a tool for decision-making support, which could aid in directing conservation efforts and responsible growth in the region. It’s essential to methodically collect samples of fish species from several rivers that could potentially be impacted by future hydroelectric dams prior to advancing hydropower expansion. Gabon is laying the groundwork for using powerful tools to ensure lasting, long-term protection. It is also bringing science to create a new way of doing conservation. Various projects are expected to bring about significant advancements for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, as well as for global climate. For instance, the preservation of Gabon’s vast forests, which act as carbon sinks, can help mitigate climate change by absorbing and storing large amounts of carbon dioxide. Gabon firmly believes that nature is the future. To become self-sufficient, people have to turn to nature and continuously show the world the relentless effort in striving to become a frontrunner in the conservation of nature. With the proper planning, partnership, action, and science, Gabon’s wealth of diverse habitats, wildlife, and people will thrive side-by-side, significantly contributing to the global climate.

Resources:

“Gabon: The World Bank Boosts Its Support to Accelerate Digital Transformation.” 2018. World Bank. June 25, 2018. https://www.worldbank. org/en/news/press-release/2024/01/02/gabon-the-world-bank-boost-its-support-to-accelerate-digital-transformation.

Image Source:

Photo by Valeriia Miller: https://www.pexels.com/photo/green-leaves-in-close-up-photography-3798400/

Exploring the Untouched Beauty of Gabon

by Sihoo Park

Gabon, located along the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, is significantly marked to be the world’s fifth largest oil producer, for they have countless amount of natural caves providing them with numerous natural resources, which became a large factor in Gabon’s economic growth itself. Ascribed to its location, 88% of Gabon’s land is covered with rainforests, involving a diverse type of species, mainly leopards, gorillas, hippopotami, and more. Although Gabon might sound unfamiliar to most tourists due to its concealed location, it is highly suggested for people to visit, especially those who enjoy exploring through tropical and humid conditions.

Tourist Attractions in Gabon

Despite its tropical and humid climate conditions, Gabon still displays an astonishing view of its natural surroundings, taking advantage of the natural conditions developed in the past. The first place to visit Gabon is “Loango National Park.” Loango National Park is known to be one of the few places on this planet where the rainforest meets the ocean, presenting a pleasing view of the ocean along with the presentation of wild animals, such as crocodiles and hippopotamuses. Along the cove, tourists can also ride the boat through the jungle, providing them with a much more diverse and detailed experience of Congo. Located beside this park is a beach with a large variety of spots presented for tourists.

Similar to the first option, Gabon also presents “Lopé National Park,” located in central Gabon, near the Ogooué River. Lopé National Park is known for its wide variety of animal species, such as leopard, golden cat, red river hog, sitatunga, yellow-backed duiker, and various species of monkeys and apes. For tourists interested in interacting with wild animals and nature, Lopé National Park is a must-visit for foreign tourists.

The last place to visit is the Arts and Traditions Museum Gabon, where they present the sculpting of intricate and powerful figures, often depicting- human forms and animals. As the land is surrounded by nature and wild animals, Gabon has primarily developed numerous sculptures and monuments that represent their ideas and beliefs regarding animals and powerful figures accordingly. Gabon’s beliefs’ history, and developments are solemnly presented in the Arts and Traditions Museum Gabon, which could be a perfect place for tourists to visit to get to know the nation “Gabon” even better.

Overall, although Gabon is best known for its humid climate and natural resources, the beautiful and spectacular scenery presented by nature provides unforgettable moments for tourists from different countries. Gabon is highly recommended for tourists who love to interact with wildlife, as it is also known for its wide variety of animals, which is an experience that Gabon can only provide.

Resources: https://www.britannica.com/place/Gabon https://gabonwildlifecamps.com/gabon-parks-camps/lope-national-park/ https://momaa.org/directory/museum-of-arts-and-traditions/

Image Source: Photo by Kyle de Nobrega, https://journeysbydesign.com/destinations/gabon/loango-national-park

TIKAL, Mayan Ancient City in Guatemala by Carson

Park

You cannot say you visited Guatemala if you didn’t make a visit to Tikal, the Mayan Ancient city and the ceremonial center of Mayan culture.

Tikal, located in Northern Guatemala, is a treasure trove of history. It is one of the most important and largest cities of the Mayan civilization, existing from the 3rd century BC (Middle Formative Period) to the 10th century AD. Its ancient ruins and rich history make it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

Tikal National Park, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1979, is significant not only for its archaeological value but also for its natural biodiversity.

What sets Tikal apart is its unique combination of ancient ruins and natural beauty. Its remote jungle location adds to its allure, making it a truly captivating destination for archaeologists, historians, and travelers alike. The tropical forests and immense wetlands offer diverse habitats for animals, plants, and other rare species, making it a paradise for nature enthusiasts.

Tikal is characterized by mysterious pyramids, beautiful temples, palaces, and public squares. The most iconic structures at Tikal include- the Temple of the Jaguar, the Temple of the Masks, and the Great Plaza, which served as the ceremonial center of the Mayan city.

These days, Tikal is one of the world’s most famous tourist destinations, attracting visitors from around the world who marvel at its ancient ruins and the rich history of the Maya.

The site’s remote location in the jungle adds to its mystique and allure, making it a truly captivating destination for archaeologists, historians, and travelers.

Resource

World Heritage Convention https://whc.unesco.org/en/ list/64/ https://www.britannica. com/place/Tikal

Image Source

Photo byWellyHuang: https:// www.pexels.com/photo/ the-great-jaguar-tikal-inguatemala-20506127/

Photo by Matthias Stutzman: https://www.pexels.com/ photo/low-angle-shotof-a-building-at-thetikal-ancient-city-ruin-inguatemala-19098429/

Independence of Nicaragua by Subin Lee

Nicaragua decided to gain its independence from Spain. This was inspired by many South American regions starting a war for their independence. These ideas of independence also fostered a desire for self-determination and independence from Spanish colonial rule.

Aftermath

After independence, some Central American regions decided to join the Mexican Empire. However, this relationship did not last for so long. Certain challenges, such as the Filibuster War led by William Walker, disrupted stability. William Walker was an American who declared himself to be the president of Nicaragua. He depicts the stance the US citizens had about Americans interfering with the governments of other countries.

Despite all the struggles, Nicaragua ultimately gained complete independence on April 30, 1838. Managua became the capital city in 1857. The country also regained access to the Mosquito Coast from the UK in 1860 and obtained full federal control over the region during Jose Santos Zelaya’s presidency.

The country got interested in its convenient marine transport location and started to have steamships and other transportation methods.

Spanish Colonziation

In September 1502, Christopher Columbus landed on the coast of Nicaragua and claimed the land as Spain’s colony. They later created the area of Granada, which was one of the wealthy colonial locations, along with Leon. However, many people who lived around Managua strongly resisted the Spanish, leading to the destruction of their cities.

For the next few years, Nicaragua’s cities remained relatively small until they started to rebel against the Spanish.

Independance

Nicaragua achieved independence on September 15, 1821. The journey to independence was marked by internal challenges and external forces, with its history molded by an intricate blend of political, societal, and economic elements. Today, the 15th of September is commemorated as Nicaragua’s Independence Day, symbolizing the country’s release from Spanish colonial domination.

Resource https://vianica.com/go/specials/5-independence_Nicaragua.html https://innicanow.com/2015/09/16/celebrations-of-independence-in-san-juan-del-sur-nicaragua/ https://info-nicaragua.com/information-of-nicaragua/independence-of-nicaragua/ https://www.shoestring.kr/travel/am/am_6.html

Image Source https://info-nicaragua.com/information-of-nicaragua/independence-of-nicaragua/ https://dmh.lacounty.gov/blog/2021/09/national-hispanic-heritage-month/

Mambwe, Zambia

Photo by Jeremy Boley on Unsplash

Zambia’s Emerging Tech Scene: A Hub for Innovation in Africa

by Sierra Ahn

Zambia is rapidly positioning itself as a vital hub for technology and innovation in Africa, fueled by a burgeoning startup ecosystem and a growing appetite for digital solutions. The country has seen remarkable success stories emerge in sectors like fintech and health tech, with startups such as Zoona and mPharma leading the charge. These companies are revolutionizing how Zambians access financial services and healthcare, demonstrating the potential for technology to drive socio-economic development.

Government initiatives play a crucial role in nurturing this innovation landscape. The Technology and Innovation Program (TIP) aims to enhance digital infrastructure and support entrepreneurs in their journey from concept to market. This commitment to fostering a conducive environment for tech growth is attracting both local and international investors, eager to tap into Zambia’s untapped potential.

Local tech hubs like BongoHive and the Zambia Innovation Hub serve as incubators for aspiring entrepreneurs, offering mentorship, resources, and networking opportunities. As the tech scene flourishes, Zambia presents an inviting prospect for investors and collaborators seeking to engage with a dynamic and evolving market, solidifying its status as an emerging leader in African innovation.

Resource

https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/feature/zambias-bid-to-become-africas-next-tech-hub-80855

https://www.intracen.org/news-and-events/news/tech-hubs-shape-the-future-of-africa

잠비아의 혁신의 메카: 아프리카의 새로운 기술 중심지

글 Sierra Ahn

잠비아는 급속히 아프리카에서 기술과 혁신의 중요한 허브로 자리잡고 있으며, 이는 빠르게 성장하는 스타 트업 생태계와 디지털 솔루션에 대한 증가하는 수요에 힘입고 있습니다.

이 나라에서는 핀테크와 헬스테크 분야 에서 Zoona와 mPharma와 같은 스타트업들이

주도적으로 등장하며 주목할 만한 성공 사 례들이 나타 나고 있습니다. 이들 기업은 잠비아 국민들이 금융 서비스와 의료 에 접근하는 방식을 혁신하고 있으며, 기술 이 사회 경제적

발전을 이끄는 잠재력을 보여주고 있습니다.

정부의 이니셔티브는 이러한 혁신 환경을 조성하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 기술 및 혁신

프로그램(TIP)은 디지털 인프라를 개선하고 기업가들이 아이디어에서 시장으로 나아가는 과정을 지원 하는 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다. 기술 성장을 위한 유리한 환경을 조성하려는 이러한 노력은 잠비아의 미개척 잠재력을 활용하고자 하는 지역 및 국제 투자자들을 끌어들이고 있습니다.

BongoHive와 잠비아 혁신 허브와 같은 지역 기술 허브는 신진 기업가들을 위한 인큐 베이터 역할을 하며, 멘토링, 자원, 네트워킹 기회를 제공합니다. 기술 분야가 발전함에 따라 잠비아는 역동 적이고 진화하는 시장과 협력하고자 하는 투자자 및 협력자들에게 매력적인 기회를 제공하며, 아프리카 혁신의 떠오르는 리더로서의 지위를 확고히 하고 있습니다.

출처

https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/feature/zambias-bid-to-become-africas-next-tech-hub-80855 https://www.intracen.org/news-and-events/news/tech-hubs-shape-the-future-of-africa

Mexico, the Silicon Valley of South America

by Brandon Jungwoo Han

Mexico is home to the sixth largest electronics industry in the world, exporting $71.4 billion worth of electronics to the US alone in 2011. Although they are known for various products such as computers, circuit boards, and semiconductors, they specialize in manufacturing televisions, representing a quarter of their electronics revenue. In 2009, Mexico became the largest producer of televisions in the world, with internationally recognized companies such as Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic constructing major production facilities within the country. Future projections for its electronics industry remain optimistic, maintaining a consistent growth rate of around 17% since the 2000s.

Under its robust industrial and manufacturing economy, Mexico has a rapidly growing STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) workforce. Over 130,000 engineers graduate from Mexican universities every year, representing over 25% of all graduates. This promising pool of prospective workers has drawn in several venture capital firms and international firms to the point where key cities such as Guadalajara and Monterrey are called the “Silicon Valley of South America.”

Resources: IVEMSA. The IT Industry in Mexico Is the Largest in Latin America. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from ivemsa.com Pais, M. Mexican Consumer Electronics Industry Second Largest Supplier of Electronics to the U.S. Market. PR Newswire, June 30, 2018. Retrieved from prnewswire.com Peterson, Z. M. Why Electronics Manufacturing Is Moving to Mexico. Northwest Engineering Solutions, June 4, 2023. Retrieved from nwengineeringllc.com

Image Source: Hector Martínez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mexico#/media/File:CEMEX_Monterrey.jpg

Mexico, the Silicon Valley of South America

by Brandon Jungwoo Han

México alberga la sexta mayor industria electrónica del mundo, exportando 71.400 millones de dólares en productos electrónicos solo a Estados Unidos en 2011. Aunque son conocidos por diversos productos como ordenadores, placas de circuitos y semiconductores, están especializados en la fabricación de televisores, que representan una cuarta parte de sus ingresos en electrónica. En 2009, México se convirtió en el mayor productor de televisores del mundo, y empresas de renombre internacional como Sony, Samsung y Panasonic construyeron importantes instalaciones de producción en el país. Las previsiones de futuro para su industria electrónica siguen siendo optimistas, manteniendo una tasa de crecimiento constante de alrededor del 17% desde la década de 2000.

En el marco de su sólida economía industrial y manufacturera, México cuenta con una mano de obra STEM (ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas) en rápido crecimiento. De hecho, cada año se gradúan en las universidades mexicanas más de 130.000 ingenieros, lo que representa más del 25% de todos los graduados. Esta prometedora cantera de futuros trabajadores ha atraído a varias empresas de capital riesgo y firmas internacionales, hasta el punto de que ciudades clave como Guadalajara y Monterrey son conocidas como el “Silicon Valley de Sudamérica”.

Resources: IVEMSA. The IT Industry in Mexico Is the Largest in Latin America. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from ivemsa.com Pais, M. Mexican Consumer Electronics Industry Second Largest Supplier of Electronics to the U.S. Market. PR Newswire, June 30, 2018. Retrieved from prnewswire.com Peterson, Z. M. Why Electronics Manufacturing Is Moving to Mexico. Northwest Engineering Solutions, June 4, 2023. Retrieved from nwengineeringllc.com

Image Source: Hector Martínez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mexico#/media/File:CEMEX_Monterrey.jpg

Woljeong Bridge, Gyeongju-si, Republic of Korea

Photo by Naufal Shidqi: https://www.pexels.com/photo/building-by-woljeong-bridge-13960742/

Reflections on Offline Activities

Reflections on Groupvisiting to the Embassy of the Republic of Korea

“주한 외국 대사관 견학 참가 소감문”

Embassy of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

A Memorable Journey to the Embassy of Bangladesh - Brandon Shin

On January 5th, I visited the Embassy of Bangladesh in Korea It was a dream for me to visit the Embassy of Bangladesh in Korea, as it is difficult to enter I was extremely excited to learn about the culture of Bangladesh

At the embassy, I watched videos about the national flag, food, history, and buildings of Bangladesh The videos were long but intriguing, and the unique songs of Bangladesh were played in the background, so time flew by as I watched the video. I was eager to visit Bangladesh as the country looked stunning. After watching the video, the ambassador explained the meaning behind the flag of Bangladesh Before the explanation, I thought that the flag was simply a design without much meaning However, the ambassador explained that the green background of the flag symbolized the will of the youth and the rich, prosperous land of Bangladesh, and the red circle symbolized the blood shed for Bangladesh’ s independence and the rising sun in Bengal During the whole experience, the ambassador explained topics in detail, answering questions I was just thinking of asking, so I followed very well.

After the introduction, we tried Bangladesh food prepared by the ambassadors of Bangladesh. The food was scrumptious and even after the meal, I craved Bangladesh food from time to time, as it is a special taste that I can’t find in Korea. Before I left, the ambassadors gave me a booklet containing books and speeches. I read the booklet as soon as I arrived back home and it was a fantastic method of educating myself on even more details about Bangladesh.

I would like to thank everyone at the Embassy once more for explaining all the information passionately. If I am given another opportunity to participate in a program containing memorable experiences such as this in the summer, I would love to participate again.

방글라데시 대사관에서 만난 문화와 외교의

세계- 전태민

오늘 방글라데시 국가 대사관 에 방문 해보고

방글라데시의 여러가지 문화를 경험 할수 뜻 깊은 경험을 할수 있게 되었었다. 대사관에서 방글라데시의 건물,

음식, 역사 등의 영상을 시청도 하고 직접 음식도 먹어

볼수 었는데 특히 방글라데시 음식은 처음 접해보았는데

너무 맛있었다. 나는 역사를 좋아하는데 방글라데시 긴

역사에 대해서도 설명을 들으니 시간 가는줄 모르고 너무

즐거웠었다. 건물에 대한 영상을 보면서 건물을 돌을 쌓아

케이크 모양으로 만드는 방법이 인상 깊었다.

나는 외교대사의 역할이 무엇인지 아무것도 모르고

있었는데 대사님께서 말씀 중에 한국과 외교 역할 에

대해서도 들어보니 대사가 어떠한 역할을 하는지 이해가

되었다. 방글라데시의 국부 세이크 무자부르 하르만

의 회고록에 대한 책과 연설문이 담긴 책자도 받고

방글라데시 나라에 대한 이해를 해볼 수 있는 너무나도

좋은 경험이었다. 이번 방글라데시 대사관 견학을 통해 잘 몰랐던 방글라데시에 대해서 알아보며 나라에 대한

친근감이 많이 생기는 느낌이든다. 처음으로 다른 나라의

대사관을 체험 보았는데 앞으로도 이런 체험이 있다면 꼭

참여하여 여러나라의 문화를 접해보는 기회를 갖고 싶다.

끝으로 이런 경험을 할수 있게 해준 분들께 감사하다고

말씀 드립니다.

A Fascinating Visit to the Bangladesh Embassy - Soohyun Shim

Today, I went to the Bangladesh Embassy in Korea to learn more about Bangladesh

I learned from the lecture that Bangladesh has various cultures and long, profound history I did know they had gained independence from British and India but did not know they have been impoverished by the British oppression. It was quite interesting to know that.

Also, I’ ve learned that they have a population more than twice of South Korea, which hinted the reason of their rapid economic development Not only the lecture but the video they showed was interesting too. There was more than 500 monuments and castellated palaces which were unique.

Although I have wondered people in Bangladesh might be mainly believe in Islam, I learned that they have various religions collaborated in the country by the speech. It was a great experience to visit the embassy!:)

Embassy of the Czech Republic

Discovering Czechia: A Visit to the Embassy - Gyu A Kim

On January 4, 2024, I was given the opportunity to visit the Embassy of the Czech Republic as a Goodwill ambassador

As we entered the meeting room,

H.E. Ivan Jančárek, Ambassador

welcomed us and introduced Czechia by providing key information about the country

During the first half of the session, we learned about the history of Czechia and a new fact that I did not know about: the country’ s original name is Czechia, or the Czech Republic, not Czech

Therefore, Ambassador kindly requested that we promote the correct name of the country to others as Goodwill ambassadors

Furthermore, another fact that I learned was that Czechia was part of former Czechoslovakia and was peacefully separated into two countries in 1993. During the second half of the visit, we had a Q&A session with the questions we prepared before the excursion. Since this was my first time meeting the Ambassador, I was nervous at first

However, Ambassador responded to our questions thoroughly and sincerely, creating a warm atmosphere in the room. I felt comfortable and asked questions related to Czechia’ s culture and traditions because my chosen sector is culture.

For instance, I asked about the major holiday traditions in the country; hence, we learned more about how Christmas in Czechia is different from other countries and the traditions of how people celebrate Christmas in Czechia The Ambassador

answered with detailed information that cannot be easily found on the internet

Moreover, I also asked about the Czech products that would successfully be imported to Korea specifically. Again, the Ambassador responded sincerely by introducing famous Czech food products. Other students asked about the Czech Republic’ s automotive industry, international relations with the United States and Russia, etc. Lastly, He described his experience as a foreign ambassador and provided insight into his diplomatic career. Overall, this unique and valuable experience allowed me to broaden my perspectives and knowledge of Czechia and inspired me to develop as a student ambassador I am incredibly grateful for this experience, and I would like to participate in more future opportunities like this excursion to the Embassy of the Czech Republic 체코라는 나라에

실제로 방문했을 때 환영해주시고 반겨주신 덕분에 처음에는 조심스럽고 어색한 느낌이 들었지만 금새

적응하고 들을 수 있었다. 체코는 ‘The Czech Republic’ 혹은 ‘Czechia’라고 불린다. 초반에 이반 얀차렉

대사님께서 체코에 대해 설명해주시면서 우리나라 사람들은 체코라고 부르지만 정확한 명칭은 ‘The Czech

Republic’ 혹은 ‘Czechia’라는 것을 알려주신 것이 기억에 남는다.

또, 체코의 역사에 대해서도 조금

설명해주셨는데 오스트리아-헝가리의

지배를 받았던 것과 2차 세계대전 때의

지배를 받았던 부분, 또 브렉시트 관련

질문에 대한 대사님의 답변과 공산주의

정부에 대해서 대사님께서 해주시는

이야기를 들으며 사전에 찾아볼 때 알

수 없었던 체코의 역사와 정부에 대한

자세한 이야기를 들을 수 있어서 좋았다.

대사님께 듣는 체코는 확실히 자료

조사로 알게되는 체코와는 다르다는 생각이 들었다.

체코의 문화에 대한 부분도 인상적이었다. 체코는 가톨릭 때문에

크리스마스를 보내는 방식이 화려했다.

역사의 영향이 있다고 하셨는데 대사님께서 알려주시는 내용이 자세해서 체코 사람들이 보내는 크리스마스 하루를 체험해보는 듯한 느낌이 들 정도였다. 크리스마스 때 먹는 음식이나 행사 같은 부분도 자세히

알려주셔서 좋았고 그 외에도 전통 행사에는 어떤 것이 있는지 알려주셔서 좋았다. 나는 체코의 예술에 대해서 질문했다. 예술과 디자인에 관심이 많아서 사전에 체코의 예술에 대해서 찾아보았는데 생각보다 많은 정보가 없어서 직접 질문했다. 대사님께서는 체코의 전통 예술에 대해서 알려주셨고 덕분에 예술에 대한 정보를 더 얻고 체코에 대해서도 더 알 수 있어서 좋았다. 나는 예술사도 그 나라의 정체성을 보여준다고 생각하고 특히 유럽의 예술은 흥미롭게 느껴져서 체코의 전통 예술도 재밌게 들을 수 있었다. 대사관 내에 직접 방문해 본 경험은 처음이어서 인상적이었다. 대사님의 강의를 들은 적은 있었지만 질문을 해보지는 못해서 아쉬웠는데 개인적으로 궁금한 질문을 하고 친절하게 답변해주셔서 더 좋은 경험이었다. 앞으로의 홍보대사 활동에 도움이 될 경험이라고 생각한다.

The Alley with Flags at the United Nations Office

Photo by Ahmet Çıkış: https://www.pexels.com/photo/the-alley-with-flags-at-the-united-nations-office-at-geneva-15989979/

Names of Goodwill Ambassadors

Aaron

Areum Kim

Bokyoung Kang

Brandon Jungwoo Han

Brendan Lee Seo

Brian Kyuwon Hwang

Carson Kyu Park

Chester Chan-Hyun Park

Chun Taemin

Chun Yumin

Claire Dayoun Kang

Claire Kim

Colin Nam Park

Dae Yoon Jang

Daeun Lee

Dahee Kim

Dana Kim

Daniel Yang

Danielle Young Bin Choi

David Roh

Eunseol Jo

Eunsoo Jo

Eunsang Park

Eunyul Park

Elisa Ha Eun Min

Gee Yu Kim

Geonwon Kim

Geunwoo Kim

Gahyeon Kim

Gyu A Kim

Gyuhong Lee

Haedam Lee

Haelim Hahn

Haeun Yoo

Hannah Yujin Lee

Hanjun Joh

Hanyong Joh

Heejun Kim

Hyeonchan Kim

Hyeonwoo Kim

Hyeongyu Jeong

Hyo Lim Lee

Hyunmin Oh

Ho-cheol Shin

Hyunkyoung Kim

Irene Su Yeon Shin

Jaeho Lee

Jaejoon Park

Jaeyong Chung

Jang Dae Yoon

Jeannie Lee

Jeewoo Han

Jeewon Park

Jihoon Christopher Ryu

Jihan Lee

Jiyul Lee

Joonseok Lee

Jooyeong Lee

Jung Hu Choi

JungHyun Clair Park

Jung Yerim

Jungmin Hwang

Junhee Yu

Junseo Moon

Junhyeok Lee

Juseong Kim

Keonhee Ahn

Koomin Chung

Kyuha Choi

Minjun Kang

Minjun Kim

Minseok Lee

Minseo Kim

Minsol Song

Saeyool Chloe Park

Sangwhee Park

Seoyeong Lee

Seoyoung Ann

Seoyong Kwak

Seoyoung Hwang

Seoyun Kong

Seonwoo Kang

Sienna Sia Park

Sieun Park

Shua Kweon

Shua Park

Sihoo Park

Soohyun Shim

Somyung Lee

Soyun Kim

Sunwoo Park

Sungyun Kim

Suahn Park

Taeyeon Kim

Wanhee Lee

Woo Jin Chung

Woojin Jang

Won Yeseo

Yeeun Seo

Yejoo Kim

Yeohae Yi

Yerin Cho

Yeseo Nam

Yeseo Won

Yoonsun Choi

Yoonchan Hwang

Youngseo Ko

Yunseong Kim

“I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible.” —

Mahatma Gandhi

Copyright © 2024 All Rights Reserved.

Date of Publication: October 2024

Published by HOBY Korea Youth Activities Association (Operated by the Education Association for Software Empowerment)

Address: 2F Myeongdong B/D Teheran-ro 83gil 44 Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (06166)

Articles reviewed and edited by: Claire Kim, Danielle Young Bin Choi, Hanyong Joh, Minsol Song, Seoyong Kwak, Yeohae Yi

Designed by: Minjun Kim, HOBY Korea

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