+ 9=+:<-:4> 27=:6+4 .:75 <0- 076/376/ .-,-:+<176 7. >7=<0 /:7=8;
fiqkm dbbe
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ngkj``gf_cgf_U`c^n_Jgh_J`c
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CSZLXUHZP\L WXPYTYA XLZOPURPUN ZOL M[Z[XL DXVHKLX ZOHU I[YPULYYA YZ[K^ ZX[ZO UVZ ]LHSZO FOPMZPUN \HS[LYA ]OLU PY _LUV[NO` LUV[NOB EPZ ZOL NXV[UK X[UUPUNA H OLHK@O[UZLX`Y \PL] GPJPV[Y JPXJSLA ^V[UN HUK QVISLYY
-9>FBD>7@
i:9?09?> c
r6;FAD;3> x:>,99, }:92
kC0.@?4A0 j4=0.?:=U nql~m
d
u;9:>;9:F k/4?:=4,7 z0,8
g7?0=9,?4A0 ;=4>8>c =0?3496492 ?30 1@?@=0
h
|@ F:7 397@63 s,??30B i30@92
y0.=0?,=D 1:= r,-:@= P }071,=0 ~:@?3 08;7:D809?c B49/:B> :1 :;;:=?@94?D
ab v@F7DH;7I x4.3,=/ }:92
{94A0=>4?D :1 n:92 q:92 h=:,/0= ?3,9 -@>490>>c >?@/D ?=@?3 9:? B0,7?3
af |B;@;A@ g9/=0B z>@4
q:=9Xl0==D n4? ?30 2=:@9/ =@99492c , 30,/V3@9?0=M> ,/A4.0 1:= ?:/,DM> 0.:9:8D
ah s73FGD7 r,6>384 p,.:?,
y341?492 A,7@0>c B309 4> L09:@23M 09:@23e
PXiZ_ ;99B Ufcld\ : QldY\i ; c` v@E;9:F j4,9, s,=?49
l4A0 i3490>0 A:4.0> 1=:8 ?30 :?30= >4/0 :1 ?30 B:=7/c ,>;4=,?4:9> /@=492 ?30 149,9.4,7 .=4>4>
cd tDAI;@9 FD7@6E
y@=A0D :9 .,=00=> ,9/ 8:90D
ch ,3>=;@9 BA;@F x:>,99, }:92
kC0.@?4A0 j4=0.?:=U nql~m o9?0=9>34;> k93,9.492 k8;7:D,-474?D
d` x3>7;6AE5AB7
V_f]ig_ ni nb_ m_]ih^ cmmo_ i` fuzyn [utm ]utm{
|4.4:@> .4=.70c ;=:1470 :1 @908;7:D0/ D:@?3
@ff i` om [l_ []on_fs [q[l_ i` nb_ h_a[ncp_ l_j_l]ommcihm \lioabn [\ion \s nb_ ]oll_hn `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/ Vcnb mi go]b [n mn[e_- qb[n ^i_m nb_ `onol_ bif^ `il sioha j_ijf_- ch n_lgm i` ][l__lm [h^ _^o][ncih- j_lmih[f ^_p_fijg_hn [h^ _p_h p[fo_m>
dc sD7E: 8A5GE
l:= 8:=0 ?3,9 ;=:14?c D:@?3 >:.4,7 09?0=;=4>0>
Sb_m_ [l_ mig_ i` nb_ nijc]m nb[n q_ qcff \_ [^^l_mmcha ch nbcm cmmo_/ Sb_ ip_l[l]bcha nb_g_ cm biq ni af_[h ijjilnohcns ion i` ]lcmcm/ Ci_m ni^[sym _]ihigc] l_]_mmcih [``il^ sioha j_ijf_ nb_ _hpclihg_hn ni l_nbche ]ihp_hncih[ffs b_f^ \_fc_`m- qbcf_ [fmi jlipc^cha nb_ ijjilnohcns ni `l[g_ [fn_lh[ncp_m ch nb_cl j_l]_jncihm [h^ fcp_m> Hm ni^[sym ]lcmcm nigilliqym ijjilnohcns- \s jl_m_hncha sionb qcnb bcnb_lni oh]ihmc^_l_^ ]bic]_m>
dg s35FE:77F
nql~m y0=A4.0 j4=0.?:=D
|7<EAC<4> yA4C7 SfjXeeX Vfe^6 RXlc F_Xe6 De^\cX Q^X`6 De[p Kf6 N\e Q^X` .CA7F6E<A@ HcX`e\ Pfi^Xe 4H[`kfi56 Ei`Xe Wl 4Djj`jkXek H[`kfi5 zA@EC<5FEACD OXbj_d` MXZfkX6 r G`XeX PXik`e {8D<:@u >4JAFE t BC<@E<@: Sfp PXib 4Dj`X5 Ok[ +00- ;9@:7<:B< pflk__fe^bfe^8_b]p^8fi^8_b 1;8 *A@: ,A@: }878C4E<A@ A9 3AFE; ~CAFBD nXj ]fle[\[ `e :B?9 Xe[ `j k_\ dXafi efe7gif]`k pflk_ j\im`Z\ fi^Xe`qXk`fe `e k_\ Z`kp8 Lkj j\im`Z\j Xe[ gif^iXdd\j Xk fm\i ?9 cfZXk`fej _Xm\
@ff nb_ [lnc]f_m [h^ chn_lpc_qm ch nbcm cmmo_ qcff [nn_gjn ni jlipc^_ [hmq_lm ni nb_m_ [h^ l_f[n_^ ko_mncihm- qbcf_ _r[gchcha nb_ ^c``_l_hn q[sm ch qbc]b sioha j_ijf_ b[p_ \__h [``_]n_^ \s nb_ ]lcmcm/ Sbcm cm [ ]lcmcm nb[n b[m [``_]n_^ [ff i` om/ Aon [m nb_ y<:;?<:;G [lnc]f_ l_gch^m om- nbcm cm nb_ ncg_ ni \ocf^ iol sionb `il nb_ `onol_- _mj_]c[ffs qb_h nb_ h_[l `onol_ cm mi oh]_ln[ch/
Xe Xkk\e[XeZ\ f] > d`cc`fe \m\ip p\Xi8 Ffi\ j\im`Z\j `eZcl[\ Zflej\cc`e^6 c\X[\ij_`g kiX`e`e^6 \dgcfpd\ek6 mfclek\\i`e^6 c\`jli\6 Zlckli\ Xe[ jgfikj6 \oZ_Xe^\6 \[lZXk`fe6 gXi\ek`e^6 pflk_7
bb 0AGF: 3F IAD=
~:@92 ;0:;70M> B,9?> ,9/ 2:,7> 49 @9.0=?,49 ?480>
Xk7i`jb Xe[ n\Y7YXj\[ j\im`Z\j8 T_\ dfkkf6 MRZWXU TYZ QY\[VL MRZWXU TYZ Y\Z N\[\ZS i\]c\Zkj k_\d Xcc8
nnn8_b]p^8fi^8_b
nnn8l;:8_b
`dfeb ^dca _dca `j glYc`j_\[ hlXik\icp Yp T_\ Kfe^ Nfe^ I\[\iXk`fe f] Wflk_ Jiflgj8 Lk ZfekX`ej [`jZljj`fe XYflk pflk_ ZfeZ\iej Xe[ `jjl\j6 gi`dXi`cp Xk X cfZXc c\m\c n`k_ i\^`feXc Xe[ `ek\ieXk`feXc ZfdgXi`jfej8 Ffdd\ekXip6 fg`e`fe6 [\YXk\6 X[mfZXZp Xe[ XeXcpj`j Xi\
bf +FG67@FE EB73=
g .7:>0= 7::6 ,? n:92 q:92 D:@?3c 3:;0>U B:==40> ,9/ B4>30> 1:= ?30 1@?@=0
]\Xkli\[8 Lk _Xj i\X[\ij `e Kfe^ Nfe^6 k_ifl^_flk k_\ i\^`fe Xe[ fm\ij\Xj8
H p_ls go]b bij_ nb[n sio qcff n[e_ nb_ ncg_ ni l_[^ nb_ diolh[f- [h^ [fmi n[e_ nb_ ncg_ ni f_n om ehiq qb[n sio nbche/ Of_[m_ `__f `l__ ni _g[cf siol ]igg_hnm ni sionbbihaeiha?be`sa/ila/be il m_h^ ch nb_ l_jfs mfcj ih j[a_ 56 i` siol ]ijs i` nb_ diolh[f/ V_ fiie `ilq[l^ ni b_[lcha `lig sio/
2<8HD 8IBC8DD87 <@ `dfeb ^dca _dca 4C8 E;AD8 A9 E;8 4FE;ACD 4@7 7A @AE @868DD4C<>J C89>86E E;8 AB<@<A@D A9 E;8 BF5><D;8Cv x>> C<:;ED C8D8CG87v /8BCA7F6E<A@ <@ H;A>8 AC <@ B4CE H<E;AFE BC<AC HC<EE8@ B8C?<DD<A@ 9CA? E;8 BF5><D;8C <D BCA;<5<E87v x>> 64C8 <D E4=8@ A9
Gl Tim[hh[ Yiha9 GEH9 MS
DF5?<EE87 ?4E8C<4>D 5FE @A C8DBA@D<5<><EJ <D 4668BE87 9AC >ADD AC 74?4:8v zACC8DBA@78@68 EAw H[`kfi6 QY\[V OYXU PYXU6 T_\ Kfe^ Nfe^ I\[\iXk`fe f] Wflk_ Jiflgj El`c[`e^6 ;: RXb Ilb SfX[6 Qfik_ Rf`ek6 Kfe^ Nfe^ T\c <@>> @:9= IXo ;A?> =?;98 Dcc \ehl`i`\j6 `eZcl[`e^ k_fj\ fe X[m\ik`j`e^ iXk\j Xe[ jg\Z`]`ZXk`fej
Dr_]oncp_ Ccl_]nil Sb_ Giha Jiha E_^_l[ncih i` Wionb Fliojm L[l]b 311:
kf pflk__fe^bfe^C_b]p^8fi^8_b
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
8
-9>FBD>7@
i:9?09?> c
r6;FAD;3> x:>,99, }:92
kC0.@?4A0 j4=0.?:=U nql~m
d
u;9:>;9:F k/4?:=4,7 z0,8
g7?0=9,?4A0 ;=4>8>c =0?3496492 ?30 1@?@=0
h
|@ F:7 397@63 s,??30B i30@92
y0.=0?,=D 1:= r,-:@= P }071,=0 ~:@?3 08;7:D809?c B49/:B> :1 :;;:=?@94?D
ab v@F7DH;7I x4.3,=/ }:92
{94A0=>4?D :1 n:92 q:92 h=:,/0= ?3,9 -@>490>>c >?@/D ?=@?3 9:? B0,7?3
af |B;@;A@ g9/=0B z>@4
q:=9Xl0==D n4? ?30 2=:@9/ =@99492c , 30,/V3@9?0=M> ,/A4.0 1:= ?:/,DM> 0.:9:8D
ah s73FGD7 r,6>384 p,.:?,
y341?492 A,7@0>c B309 4> L09:@23M 09:@23e
PXiZ_ ;99B Ufcld\ : QldY\i ; c` v@E;9:F j4,9, s,=?49
l4A0 i3490>0 A:4.0> 1=:8 ?30 :?30= >4/0 :1 ?30 B:=7/c ,>;4=,?4:9> /@=492 ?30 149,9.4,7 .=4>4>
cd tDAI;@9 FD7@6E
y@=A0D :9 .,=00=> ,9/ 8:90D
ch ,3>=;@9 BA;@F x:>,99, }:92
kC0.@?4A0 j4=0.?:=U nql~m o9?0=9>34;> k93,9.492 k8;7:D,-474?D
d` x3>7;6AE5AB7
V_f]ig_ ni nb_ m_]ih^ cmmo_ i` fuzyn [utm ]utm{
|4.4:@> .4=.70c ;=:1470 :1 @908;7:D0/ D:@?3
@ff i` om [l_ []on_fs [q[l_ i` nb_ h_a[ncp_ l_j_l]ommcihm \lioabn [\ion \s nb_ ]oll_hn `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/ Vcnb mi go]b [n mn[e_- qb[n ^i_m nb_ `onol_ bif^ `il sioha j_ijf_- ch n_lgm i` ][l__lm [h^ _^o][ncih- j_lmih[f ^_p_fijg_hn [h^ _p_h p[fo_m>
dc sD7E: 8A5GE
l:= 8:=0 ?3,9 ;=:14?c D:@?3 >:.4,7 09?0=;=4>0>
Sb_m_ [l_ mig_ i` nb_ nijc]m nb[n q_ qcff \_ [^^l_mmcha ch nbcm cmmo_/ Sb_ ip_l[l]bcha nb_g_ cm biq ni af_[h ijjilnohcns ion i` ]lcmcm/ Ci_m ni^[sym _]ihigc] l_]_mmcih [``il^ sioha j_ijf_ nb_ _hpclihg_hn ni l_nbche ]ihp_hncih[ffs b_f^ \_fc_`m- qbcf_ [fmi jlipc^cha nb_ ijjilnohcns ni `l[g_ [fn_lh[ncp_m ch nb_cl j_l]_jncihm [h^ fcp_m> Hm ni^[sym ]lcmcm nigilliqym ijjilnohcns- \s jl_m_hncha sionb qcnb bcnb_lni oh]ihmc^_l_^ ]bic]_m>
dg s35FE:77F
nql~m y0=A4.0 j4=0.?:=D
|7<EAC<4> yA4C7 SfjXeeX Vfe^6 RXlc F_Xe6 De^\cX Q^X`6 De[p Kf6 N\e Q^X` .CA7F6E<A@ HcX`e\ Pfi^Xe 4H[`kfi56 Ei`Xe Wl 4Djj`jkXek H[`kfi5 zA@EC<5FEACD OXbj_d` MXZfkX6 r G`XeX PXik`e {8D<:@u >4JAFE t BC<@E<@: Sfp PXib 4Dj`X5 Ok[ +00- ;9@:7<:B< pflk__fe^bfe^8_b]p^8fi^8_b 1;8 *A@: ,A@: }878C4E<A@ A9 3AFE; ~CAFBD nXj ]fle[\[ `e :B?9 Xe[ `j k_\ dXafi efe7gif]`k pflk_ j\im`Z\ fi^Xe`qXk`fe `e k_\ Z`kp8 Lkj j\im`Z\j Xe[ gif^iXdd\j Xk fm\i ?9 cfZXk`fej _Xm\
@ff nb_ [lnc]f_m [h^ chn_lpc_qm ch nbcm cmmo_ qcff [nn_gjn ni jlipc^_ [hmq_lm ni nb_m_ [h^ l_f[n_^ ko_mncihm- qbcf_ _r[gchcha nb_ ^c``_l_hn q[sm ch qbc]b sioha j_ijf_ b[p_ \__h [``_]n_^ \s nb_ ]lcmcm/ Sbcm cm [ ]lcmcm nb[n b[m [``_]n_^ [ff i` om/ Aon [m nb_ y<:;?<:;G [lnc]f_ l_gch^m om- nbcm cm nb_ ncg_ ni \ocf^ iol sionb `il nb_ `onol_- _mj_]c[ffs qb_h nb_ h_[l `onol_ cm mi oh]_ln[ch/
Xe Xkk\e[XeZ\ f] > d`cc`fe \m\ip p\Xi8 Ffi\ j\im`Z\j `eZcl[\ Zflej\cc`e^6 c\X[\ij_`g kiX`e`e^6 \dgcfpd\ek6 mfclek\\i`e^6 c\`jli\6 Zlckli\ Xe[ jgfikj6 \oZ_Xe^\6 \[lZXk`fe6 gXi\ek`e^6 pflk_7
bb 0AGF: 3F IAD=
~:@92 ;0:;70M> B,9?> ,9/ 2:,7> 49 @9.0=?,49 ?480>
Xk7i`jb Xe[ n\Y7YXj\[ j\im`Z\j8 T_\ dfkkf6 MRZWXU TYZ QY\[VL MRZWXU TYZ Y\Z N\[\ZS i\]c\Zkj k_\d Xcc8
nnn8_b]p^8fi^8_b
nnn8l;:8_b
`dfeb ^dca _dca `j glYc`j_\[ hlXik\icp Yp T_\ Kfe^ Nfe^ I\[\iXk`fe f] Wflk_ Jiflgj8 Lk ZfekX`ej [`jZljj`fe XYflk pflk_ ZfeZ\iej Xe[ `jjl\j6 gi`dXi`cp Xk X cfZXc c\m\c n`k_ i\^`feXc Xe[ `ek\ieXk`feXc ZfdgXi`jfej8 Ffdd\ekXip6 fg`e`fe6 [\YXk\6 X[mfZXZp Xe[ XeXcpj`j Xi\
bf +FG67@FE EB73=
g .7:>0= 7::6 ,? n:92 q:92 D:@?3c 3:;0>U B:==40> ,9/ B4>30> 1:= ?30 1@?@=0
]\Xkli\[8 Lk _Xj i\X[\ij `e Kfe^ Nfe^6 k_ifl^_flk k_\ i\^`fe Xe[ fm\ij\Xj8
H p_ls go]b bij_ nb[n sio qcff n[e_ nb_ ncg_ ni l_[^ nb_ diolh[f- [h^ [fmi n[e_ nb_ ncg_ ni f_n om ehiq qb[n sio nbche/ Of_[m_ `__f `l__ ni _g[cf siol ]igg_hnm ni sionbbihaeiha?be`sa/ila/be il m_h^ ch nb_ l_jfs mfcj ih j[a_ 56 i` siol ]ijs i` nb_ diolh[f/ V_ fiie `ilq[l^ ni b_[lcha `lig sio/
2<8HD 8IBC8DD87 <@ `dfeb ^dca _dca 4C8 E;AD8 A9 E;8 4FE;ACD 4@7 7A @AE @868DD4C<>J C89>86E E;8 AB<@<A@D A9 E;8 BF5><D;8Cv x>> C<:;ED C8D8CG87v /8BCA7F6E<A@ <@ H;A>8 AC <@ B4CE H<E;AFE BC<AC HC<EE8@ B8C?<DD<A@ 9CA? E;8 BF5><D;8C <D BCA;<5<E87v x>> 64C8 <D E4=8@ A9
Gl Tim[hh[ Yiha9 GEH9 MS
DF5?<EE87 ?4E8C<4>D 5FE @A C8DBA@D<5<><EJ <D 4668BE87 9AC >ADD AC 74?4:8v zACC8DBA@78@68 EAw H[`kfi6 QY\[V OYXU PYXU6 T_\ Kfe^ Nfe^ I\[\iXk`fe f] Wflk_ Jiflgj El`c[`e^6 ;: RXb Ilb SfX[6 Qfik_ Rf`ek6 Kfe^ Nfe^ T\c <@>> @:9= IXo ;A?> =?;98 Dcc \ehl`i`\j6 `eZcl[`e^ k_fj\ fe X[m\ik`j`e^ iXk\j Xe[ jg\Z`]`ZXk`fej
Dr_]oncp_ Ccl_]nil Sb_ Giha Jiha E_^_l[ncih i` Wionb Fliojm L[l]b 311:
kf pflk__fe^bfe^C_b]p^8fi^8_b
PXiZ_ ;99B
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8
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ch_pcn[\f_ \on qb[n cm ]f_[l [\ion nb_
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ch [hinb_l ]b[ff_hacha ncg_ ip_l b[f` [
`onol_ cm nb[n sioha j_ijf_ qcff \_[l nb_
Af[]e Lih^[s ch 2:98 il nb_ @mc[h
]_hnols [ai- [l_ nb_ qil^m i` `ilg_l
\lohn i` nb_ `[ffion/ Min ihfs b[m nbcm
`ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm n_h s_[lm f[n_l il _p_h nb_
@g_lc][h Ol_mc^_hn El[hefch Qiim_p_fn/
]lcmcm g[^_ nb_cl `onol_ \inb oh]_ln[ch
\olmn i` nb_ ^in.]ig \o\\f_ ch nb_ _[lfs
zV_ ][hhin \ocf^ nb_ `onol_ `il iol sionb-{
[h^ jl_][lciom- cn b[m [fmi g[^_ nb_cl
3111m/
b_ jli]f[cg_^- z\on q_ ][h \ocf^ iol
jl_m_hn `[l f_mm m_]ol_ [h^ [ al_[n ^_[f
sionb `il nb_ `onol_/{ Elig ni^[sym
gil_ [hrciom/ Ri hiq cm nb_ gimn [jn
Vbcf_ nb_m_ jl_pciom w [h^ g[hs inb_l
p[hn[a_ jichn- nb_ `onol_ w _mj_]c[ffs nb_
ncg_ ni \ocf^ sionb `il nb_ `onol_/ Vb[n
gchil ]l[mb_m w b[p_ b[^ ^_p[mn[ncha
cgg_^c[n_ ih_ w fiiem jl_nns \f_[e- gimn
cm nb_ q[s `ilq[l^ `il nb_g [h^ biq ][h
]ihm_ko_h]_m ih p[lciom m_ag_hnm i`
_mj_]c[ffs `il sioha j_ijf_/ V_ [l_ ch [
cn \_ c^_hnc`c_^>
jijof[ncihm- nbcm ]oll_hn `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm
mcno[ncih i` afi\[f `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm- nb_
cm `[l gil_ qc^_mjl_[^ [h^ ch]fomcp_/ Hnm
ion]ig_ i` hog_liom `[]nilm ch]fo^cha
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]b[l[]n_lcmnc]m hin ihfs b[p_ [ nlofs afi\[f
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[a_^ \_nq__h 26 [h^ 352 w qbi b[p_ fcnnf_
cgj[]n- \on qcnb nb_ n[echa.^iqh i` \ca
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pcmo[f il []no[f _rj_lc_h]_ i` bcab
h[g_ chmncnoncihm [h^ ch^cpc^o[fm- b[p_
ohmomn[ch[\f_ [mm_n.\o\\f_ nb[n \olmn/
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Hh bch^mcabn- q_ ][h m[s nb_ ]l[mb q[m
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@n nb_ gig_hn- nb_ `caol_m [l_ mn[le/
^i q_ff ni ]ihmc^_l ]iolm_m nb[n b[p_
]iof^ [lao_ nb[n nb_ ]oll_hn ]lcmcm m_lp_m
@]]il^cha ni nb_ Hhn_lh[ncih[f K[\iol
chnlchmc] fiha.n_lg momn[ch[\cfcns/ Sbcm
[m [ aii^ ncg_ `il l_.[mm_mmg_hn-
Nla[hct[ncih- nb_ hog\_l i` oh_gjfis_^
momn[ch[\cfcns g[s \_ ch n_lgm i`
_mj_]c[ffs `il sioha j_ijf_/ Nh_ nbcha
sionb [lioh^ nb_ qilf^ mn[h^m [n 87
om_`ofh_mm ni nb_ _]ihigs il nb_
nbcm ]lcmcm b[m p_ls ]f_[lfs c^_hnc`c_^ cm
gcffcih- qbcf_ nb_ afi\[f sionb
_hpclihg_hn- `il _r[gjf_/ Giq_p_l-
nb[n mig_ i` nb_ gil_ _mn[\fcmb_^ [h^
oh_gjfisg_hn l[n_ ch]l_[m_^ \s 1/5
j_lmih[f [jncno^_m mbiof^ [fmi \_ ]ihmc^_l_^/
3
[]]_jn_^ q[sm i` nbchecha- \_b[pcha [h^
j_l]_hn[a_ jichnm ch 3119/ Hh Giha Jiha-
Rno^scha [ mo\d_]n ch qbc]b ih_ _r]_fm
fcpcha b[p_ nb_cl `f[qm/
nb_ oh_gjfisg_hn l[n_ `il nbim_ \_nq__h
qiof^ \_ [ aii^- momn[ch[\f_ ]bic]_/
31 [h^ 35 s_[lm if^ hiq mn[h^m [n 9/1}/ Bl_[ncpcns [h^ `f_rc\cfcns [l_ hiq ][ff_^
Si^[sym mcno[ncih oh^_lm]il_m nb_ `[fm_ p[fo_ j_ijf_ jf[]_^ ih `ch[h]c[f m_]olcns ni \_ a[ch_^ [n [hs ]imn- \s [hs g_[hm/ Rcgcf[lfs- nb_l_ q[m [h ohq[ll[hn_^ [^gcl[ncih i` ]_ln[ch i]]oj[ncihm [h^ [][^_gc] ^cm]cjfch_m- j[lnc]of[lfs nbim_
, busk ul ynk suwk kxyghroxnkj gtj giikvykj |g~x ul ynotqotmQ hkng{otm gtj ro{otm ng{k ynkow lrg|xR-
`il/ Sbcm gcabn chpifp_ ]biimcha mo\d_]nm nb[n [l_ hin i\pciom xpi][ncihy ^_al__m\on qbc]b- ch nb_ fiha n_lg gcabn b_fj ^_p_fij [ \li[^_l j_lmj_]ncp_ nb[h h[lliqfs.^_`ch_^- ][l__l.ilc_hn_^ ]iolm_m nb[n [l_ jijof[l \_][om_ nb_s `of`cf
qbc]b l_mofn_^ ch [h _r]_mm i` g[n_lc[f []kocmcncihm/ @m nb_ _]ihigc_m i` nb_
Ri qb_l_ mbiof^ sioha j_ijf_ \_ach- c`
mj_]c`c] f[\iol jlid_]ncihm/ Eil chmn[h]_-
qilf^ ]ihncho_ ch `l__`[ff- q_ l_[fct_ biq
nb_s [l_ ni `l[g_ mo]]_mm`of [fn_lh[ncp_m>
f[hao[a_m- [l_[ mno^c_m- il inb_l ]iolm_m
mi]c_ns b[m ]l_[n_^ [ mnlo]nol_ nb[n
Sb_s ]iof^- `il mn[ln_lm- nbche gil_
qcnbch `[]ofnc_m i` mi]c[f m]c_h]_ [h^
ip_lp[fo_^ mn[nom [h^ jl_mnca_ \[m_^ ih
\li[^fs qb_h ]biimcha [h [][^_gc]
bog[hcnc_m gcabn \_ om_`of ]ihmc^_l[ncih
q_[fnb/ Lih_s lof_^/ @h^ fcpcha q_ff
^cm]cjfch_/ Vb_l_[m ch nb_ j[mn- `ch[h]_
ch [ ]igj_ncncp_ di\ g[le_n/
q[m ^cmjlijilncih[n_ ni q_ffh_mm ch
[h^ \omch_mm q_l_ [fgimn [\mifon_
fcpcha/
ao[l[hnilm i` _gjfisg_hn- hiq nb_
Dp_h [h ihfch_ l_]locng_hn [a_h]s hiq
mcno[ncih cm hin mi ]f_[l.]on/ Sb_l_ cm [h
moaa_mnm nb[n sioha j_ijf_ ih nb_ p_la_
Sb_l_`il_ hiq g[s \_ nb_ gimn
ip_lmojjfs i` \omch_mm al[^o[n_m nb[n
i` g[echa ][l__l ^_]cmcihm gcabn qcmb
[jjlijlc[n_ ncg_ ni \ocf^ sionb `il nb_
^i_m hin g[n]b g[le_n ^_g[h^m/
ni fiie chni znb_ p[fo_ i` nb_ mno^s i` bog[hcnc_m mo\d_]nm-{ qb_l_ nb_ z\l_[^nb
`onol_/ Sb_l_ gomn- biq_p_l- \_ [ qcffchah_mm ih nb_ j[ln i` sioha j_ijf_
Ro]b [ gcmg[n]b g[s chcnc[ffs b[p_ \__h
i` ch`ilg[ncih///[h^ nb_ l[ha_ i` mecffm
ni om_ ni^[sym afi\[f `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm [m [h
nb_ l_mofn i` ohcp_lmcnc_m [h^ aip_lhg_hnm
[]kocl_^///_kocj sioha j_ijf_ `il [
ijjilnohcns ni `l[g_ h_q [fn_lh[ncp_m/
jligincha mo\d_]nm ]ihmc^_l_^ ni \_ i`
p[lc_ns i` qile.l_f[n_^ ijncihm/{4
Sb_m_ [fn_lh[ncp_m ]iof^ \_ ch biq nb_s
mnl[n_ac] il _]ihigc] cgjiln[h]_/ Hn cm
[jjli[]b nb_cl `onol_m \s q[s i` ]bic]_m
[fmi [ l_mofn i` nb_ g[le_nym n_h^_h]s ni
G[pcha n[e_h [ `l_mb fiie [n [][^_gc]
[h^ p[fo_m- \inb j_lmih[ffs [h^
^c]n[n_ ijjilnoh_ ^_al__m/ @m ch [ff
mo\d_]nm- sioha j_ijf_ ]iof^ [fmi om_ nbcm
jli`_mmcih[ffs- mi nb[n nb_s [l_ q_ff
^iqhnolhm- nbim_ qcnb hi di\ _rj_lc_h]_
`ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm [m [h ijjilnohcns ni `l[g_
jl_j[l_^ `il qb[n_p_l cm ch mnil_/
[l_ [``_]n_^ gimn mi mno^_hnm qiof^ hiq
[fn_lh[ncp_ ][l__l ]bic]_m/ ]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
9
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
:
0><=@><=F
0><=@><=F
Dfn_lh[ncp_ jlcmgmB l_nbchecha nb_ `onol_ D^cnilc[f S_[g
,ek igttuy hzorj ynk lzyzwk luw uzw ~uzyn hzy |k igt hzorj uzw ~uzyn luw ynk lzyzwkREl[hefch Qiim_p_fn
Vx g wkxzry ul ynk mruhgr lotgtiogr iwoxoxQ ynk osskjogyk lzyzwk ruuqx vwkyy~ hrkgqR cujg~+x ~uztm vkuvrk |orr hkgw ynk hwzty ul ynk lgrruzy gtj ynk~ szxy hk |orrotm yu zxk ynk iwoxox gx gt uvvuwyztoy~ yu lwgsk tk| grykwtgyo{kxR cnox gwyoirk k}gsotkx xusk ul ynkow uvyoutx luw vkwxutgr gtj vwulkxxoutgr inuoikxR Lil_ l_f_p[hn ni^[s nb[h qb_h mjie_h
ch_pcn[\f_ \on qb[n cm ]f_[l [\ion nb_
qb_nb_l cn q[m nb_ mni]e g[le_n ]l[mb ih
ch [hinb_l ]b[ff_hacha ncg_ ip_l b[f` [
`onol_ cm nb[n sioha j_ijf_ qcff \_[l nb_
Af[]e Lih^[s ch 2:98 il nb_ @mc[h
]_hnols [ai- [l_ nb_ qil^m i` `ilg_l
\lohn i` nb_ `[ffion/ Min ihfs b[m nbcm
`ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm n_h s_[lm f[n_l il _p_h nb_
@g_lc][h Ol_mc^_hn El[hefch Qiim_p_fn/
]lcmcm g[^_ nb_cl `onol_ \inb oh]_ln[ch
\olmn i` nb_ ^in.]ig \o\\f_ ch nb_ _[lfs
zV_ ][hhin \ocf^ nb_ `onol_ `il iol sionb-{
[h^ jl_][lciom- cn b[m [fmi g[^_ nb_cl
3111m/
b_ jli]f[cg_^- z\on q_ ][h \ocf^ iol
jl_m_hn `[l f_mm m_]ol_ [h^ [ al_[n ^_[f
sionb `il nb_ `onol_/{ Elig ni^[sym
gil_ [hrciom/ Ri hiq cm nb_ gimn [jn
Vbcf_ nb_m_ jl_pciom w [h^ g[hs inb_l
p[hn[a_ jichn- nb_ `onol_ w _mj_]c[ffs nb_
ncg_ ni \ocf^ sionb `il nb_ `onol_/ Vb[n
gchil ]l[mb_m w b[p_ b[^ ^_p[mn[ncha
cgg_^c[n_ ih_ w fiiem jl_nns \f_[e- gimn
cm nb_ q[s `ilq[l^ `il nb_g [h^ biq ][h
]ihm_ko_h]_m ih p[lciom m_ag_hnm i`
_mj_]c[ffs `il sioha j_ijf_/ V_ [l_ ch [
cn \_ c^_hnc`c_^>
jijof[ncihm- nbcm ]oll_hn `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm
mcno[ncih i` afi\[f `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm- nb_
cm `[l gil_ qc^_mjl_[^ [h^ ch]fomcp_/ Hnm
ion]ig_ i` hog_liom `[]nilm ch]fo^cha
Sbcm cm [ a_h_l[ncih i` sioha j_ijf_ w
]b[l[]n_lcmnc]m hin ihfs b[p_ [ nlofs afi\[f
bcab jlc]_m- _[ms ]l_^cn- jiil l_aof[ncih
[a_^ \_nq__h 26 [h^ 352 w qbi b[p_ fcnnf_
cgj[]n- \on qcnb nb_ n[echa.^iqh i` \ca
[h^ \[^ fi[hm- qbc]b ]l_[n_^ [h
pcmo[f il []no[f _rj_lc_h]_ i` bcab
h[g_ chmncnoncihm [h^ ch^cpc^o[fm- b[p_
ohmomn[ch[\f_ [mm_n.\o\\f_ nb[n \olmn/
oh_gjfisg_hn [h^ chm_]olcns/ Sb_cl
_rjim_^ ch]ih]_cp[\f_ f_p_fm i` \inb
j[l_hnm nii gcabn b[p_ \__h chmof[n_^
al__^ [h^ gcmg[h[a_g_hn/
Hh bch^mcabn- q_ ][h m[s nb_ ]l[mb q[m
[a[chmn jl_pciom `ch[h]c[f nolgicf-
Hn cm hin [ jl_nns jc]nol_ [n [ff- s_n ih_
@n nb_ gig_hn- nb_ `caol_m [l_ mn[le/
^i q_ff ni ]ihmc^_l ]iolm_m nb[n b[p_
]iof^ [lao_ nb[n nb_ ]oll_hn ]lcmcm m_lp_m
@]]il^cha ni nb_ Hhn_lh[ncih[f K[\iol
chnlchmc] fiha.n_lg momn[ch[\cfcns/ Sbcm
[m [ aii^ ncg_ `il l_.[mm_mmg_hn-
Nla[hct[ncih- nb_ hog\_l i` oh_gjfis_^
momn[ch[\cfcns g[s \_ ch n_lgm i`
_mj_]c[ffs `il sioha j_ijf_/ Nh_ nbcha
sionb [lioh^ nb_ qilf^ mn[h^m [n 87
om_`ofh_mm ni nb_ _]ihigs il nb_
nbcm ]lcmcm b[m p_ls ]f_[lfs c^_hnc`c_^ cm
gcffcih- qbcf_ nb_ afi\[f sionb
_hpclihg_hn- `il _r[gjf_/ Giq_p_l-
nb[n mig_ i` nb_ gil_ _mn[\fcmb_^ [h^
oh_gjfisg_hn l[n_ ch]l_[m_^ \s 1/5
j_lmih[f [jncno^_m mbiof^ [fmi \_ ]ihmc^_l_^/
3
[]]_jn_^ q[sm i` nbchecha- \_b[pcha [h^
j_l]_hn[a_ jichnm ch 3119/ Hh Giha Jiha-
Rno^scha [ mo\d_]n ch qbc]b ih_ _r]_fm
fcpcha b[p_ nb_cl `f[qm/
nb_ oh_gjfisg_hn l[n_ `il nbim_ \_nq__h
qiof^ \_ [ aii^- momn[ch[\f_ ]bic]_/
31 [h^ 35 s_[lm if^ hiq mn[h^m [n 9/1}/ Bl_[ncpcns [h^ `f_rc\cfcns [l_ hiq ][ff_^
Si^[sym mcno[ncih oh^_lm]il_m nb_ `[fm_ p[fo_ j_ijf_ jf[]_^ ih `ch[h]c[f m_]olcns ni \_ a[ch_^ [n [hs ]imn- \s [hs g_[hm/ Rcgcf[lfs- nb_l_ q[m [h ohq[ll[hn_^ [^gcl[ncih i` ]_ln[ch i]]oj[ncihm [h^ [][^_gc] ^cm]cjfch_m- j[lnc]of[lfs nbim_
, busk ul ynk suwk kxyghroxnkj gtj giikvykj |g~x ul ynotqotmQ hkng{otm gtj ro{otm ng{k ynkow lrg|xR-
`il/ Sbcm gcabn chpifp_ ]biimcha mo\d_]nm nb[n [l_ hin i\pciom xpi][ncihy ^_al__m\on qbc]b- ch nb_ fiha n_lg gcabn b_fj ^_p_fij [ \li[^_l j_lmj_]ncp_ nb[h h[lliqfs.^_`ch_^- ][l__l.ilc_hn_^ ]iolm_m nb[n [l_ jijof[l \_][om_ nb_s `of`cf
qbc]b l_mofn_^ ch [h _r]_mm i` g[n_lc[f []kocmcncihm/ @m nb_ _]ihigc_m i` nb_
Ri qb_l_ mbiof^ sioha j_ijf_ \_ach- c`
mj_]c`c] f[\iol jlid_]ncihm/ Eil chmn[h]_-
qilf^ ]ihncho_ ch `l__`[ff- q_ l_[fct_ biq
nb_s [l_ ni `l[g_ mo]]_mm`of [fn_lh[ncp_m>
f[hao[a_m- [l_[ mno^c_m- il inb_l ]iolm_m
mi]c_ns b[m ]l_[n_^ [ mnlo]nol_ nb[n
Sb_s ]iof^- `il mn[ln_lm- nbche gil_
qcnbch `[]ofnc_m i` mi]c[f m]c_h]_ [h^
ip_lp[fo_^ mn[nom [h^ jl_mnca_ \[m_^ ih
\li[^fs qb_h ]biimcha [h [][^_gc]
bog[hcnc_m gcabn \_ om_`of ]ihmc^_l[ncih
q_[fnb/ Lih_s lof_^/ @h^ fcpcha q_ff
^cm]cjfch_/ Vb_l_[m ch nb_ j[mn- `ch[h]_
ch [ ]igj_ncncp_ di\ g[le_n/
q[m ^cmjlijilncih[n_ ni q_ffh_mm ch
[h^ \omch_mm q_l_ [fgimn [\mifon_
fcpcha/
ao[l[hnilm i` _gjfisg_hn- hiq nb_
Dp_h [h ihfch_ l_]locng_hn [a_h]s hiq
mcno[ncih cm hin mi ]f_[l.]on/ Sb_l_ cm [h
moaa_mnm nb[n sioha j_ijf_ ih nb_ p_la_
Sb_l_`il_ hiq g[s \_ nb_ gimn
ip_lmojjfs i` \omch_mm al[^o[n_m nb[n
i` g[echa ][l__l ^_]cmcihm gcabn qcmb
[jjlijlc[n_ ncg_ ni \ocf^ sionb `il nb_
^i_m hin g[n]b g[le_n ^_g[h^m/
ni fiie chni znb_ p[fo_ i` nb_ mno^s i` bog[hcnc_m mo\d_]nm-{ qb_l_ nb_ z\l_[^nb
`onol_/ Sb_l_ gomn- biq_p_l- \_ [ qcffchah_mm ih nb_ j[ln i` sioha j_ijf_
Ro]b [ gcmg[n]b g[s chcnc[ffs b[p_ \__h
i` ch`ilg[ncih///[h^ nb_ l[ha_ i` mecffm
ni om_ ni^[sym afi\[f `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm [m [h
nb_ l_mofn i` ohcp_lmcnc_m [h^ aip_lhg_hnm
[]kocl_^///_kocj sioha j_ijf_ `il [
ijjilnohcns ni `l[g_ h_q [fn_lh[ncp_m/
jligincha mo\d_]nm ]ihmc^_l_^ ni \_ i`
p[lc_ns i` qile.l_f[n_^ ijncihm/{4
Sb_m_ [fn_lh[ncp_m ]iof^ \_ ch biq nb_s
mnl[n_ac] il _]ihigc] cgjiln[h]_/ Hn cm
[jjli[]b nb_cl `onol_m \s q[s i` ]bic]_m
[fmi [ l_mofn i` nb_ g[le_nym n_h^_h]s ni
G[pcha n[e_h [ `l_mb fiie [n [][^_gc]
[h^ p[fo_m- \inb j_lmih[ffs [h^
^c]n[n_ ijjilnoh_ ^_al__m/ @m ch [ff
mo\d_]nm- sioha j_ijf_ ]iof^ [fmi om_ nbcm
jli`_mmcih[ffs- mi nb[n nb_s [l_ q_ff
^iqhnolhm- nbim_ qcnb hi di\ _rj_lc_h]_
`ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm [m [h ijjilnohcns ni `l[g_
jl_j[l_^ `il qb[n_p_l cm ch mnil_/
[l_ [``_]n_^ gimn mi mno^_hnm qiof^ hiq
[fn_lh[ncp_ ][l__l ]bic]_m/ ]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
9
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
:
0><=@><=F
0><=@><=F
@]]il^cha ni [ l_jiln `lig Bbch[-5 nb_ m_]nilm qbc]b b[p_ \__h
Ro]b ijjilnohcnc_m [l_ ni \_ p[fo_^ ch ^c``c]ofn ncg_m- _mj_]c[ffs
Sbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm [fmi i``_lm sioha j_ijf_ nb_ ijjilnohcns
Aocf^cha sionb `il nb_ `onol_ cm [ff [\ion `olhcmbcha sioha
b[l^_mn bcn ch n_lgm i` al[^o[n_ _gjfisg_hn [l_ `ch[h]c[f
mch]_ nb_s ][h _hb[h]_ _gjfis[\cfcns qb_h nb_ _]ihigc]
ni l_.[mm_mm nb_ cmmo_m i` ^_\n [h^ m[pcham/ Hh _]ihigc] \iig
j_ijf_ qcnb nb_ niifm [h^ mecffm ni `l[g_ [fn_lh[ncp_m qb_h
m_lpc]_m- l_[f _mn[n_- `il_cah nl[^_ [h^ g[ho`[]nolcha/ Rcgcf[lfs
mcno[ncih cgjlip_m/ Hhn_lhmbcjm g[s hin [fq[sm _rcmn ch nb_
ncg_m- nb_ ]l_^cn ][l^ cm nb_ o\ckocniom xgomn.b[p_y `il [ff sioha
nbcham [l_ hin aicha q_ff/ Hn cm [\ion _kocjjcha nb_g qcnb nb_
ch Alcn[ch- nb_l_ cm [ l_jiln_^ 49/4} ^_]l_[m_ i` al[^o[n_
jl_]cm_ `c_f^ ]bim_h \s [hs acp_h sioha j_lmih/ Giq_p_l- nb_
j_ijf_/ Si^[sym ]ofnol_ cm p_ls xhiq.ilc_hn[n_^y [h^ \oscha
]ih`c^_h]_ ni l_.[mm_mm nb_ q[sm nb_s nbche- \_b[p_ [h^ fcp_/
p[][h]c_m ch chp_mng_hn \[hecha [h^ [ ^_]l_[m_ i` ip_l 26}
sionb qbi b[m ^ih_ [h chn_lhmbcj .. _p_h ch [ n[ha_hnc[f `c_f^
ih ]l_^cn cm p_ls go]b nb_ hilg/ @]koclcha [ jimm_mmcih ni^[s
Aocf^cha sionb `il nb_ `onol_ cm [\ion mojjilncha sioha j_ijf_
ch []]iohncha [h^ jli`_mmcih[f m_lpc]_m/6 Hhn_l_mnchafs- ch \inb
.. qcff b[p_ [h [^p[hn[a_ ip_l nb_ sionb qbi b[m \__h ion i`
b[m `[l gil_ cgjiln[h]_ nb[h qillscha [\ion j[sg_hn
mi nb_s ][h ]ij_ qb_h nb_cl jl_pciomfs b_f^ [mmogjncihm i`
]iohnlc_m al[^o[n_m [l_ hiq [fmi g[le_^fs gil_ chn_l_mn_^
qile/ Elig [h _gjfis_lym jichn i` pc_q- nb_ chn_lh b[m []kocl_^
nigilliq/ Giq_p_l- qcnb l_aof[l ch]ig_m hi fiha_l
qb_l_ [h^ biq ni _[lh [ fcpcha [l_ nbl_[n_h_^/
ch aip_lhg_hn [h^ jo\fc].m_]nil di\m- mig_nbcha nb_s mb[l_
qile _rj_lc_h]_- [h^ nb[n cm l[l_fs nbioabn i` [m [ q[mn_ i`
ao[l[hn__^- ^_\n i`n_h []]ogof[n_m [h^ g[s hin a_n j[c^ i``
qcnb nb_cl ]iohn_lj[lnm ch Giha Jiha/7
ncg_ \s [hs _gjfis_l bclcha [n _hnls f_p_f/
koc]efs/ Sbcm [hrc_ns [fih_ cm [ j_l`_]n jligjn ni [ l_nolh ni nb_ q[sm i` [ jl_pciom a_h_l[ncih; nb_ a_h_l[ncih qbi om_^
Aon qbcf_ ][l__l _rj_]n[ncihm h__^ ni \_ \li[^_h_^- ][l__l _rj_]n[ncihm [fmi h__^ ni \_ fiq_l_^ ch ncg_m i` `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/ Eil nbim_ qbi b[^ mj_]c`c] [mjcl[ncihm ch [l_[m qbc]b [l_ _rj_lc_h]cha l_^oh^[h]c_m [h^ `[]cha gchcg[f aliqnb- hiq cm nb_ ncg_ ni m__e mig_nbcha h_q/ El[gcha [fn_lh[ncp_m gcabn ch]fo^_ fiiecha [n di\m nb[n ^i hin j[s [m go]b [m [hnc]cj[n_^ il _p_h mig_nbcha hin jl_pciomfs nbioabn [\ion/ Bihmc^_lcha [fn_lh[ncp_ ijncihm ][h \_ [h [hnc^in_ ni ^_jl_mmcih [h^ [hrc_ns- qbcf_ [fmi ij_hcha ^iilm ni h_q bilctihm/
n[]ef_ nb_ cmmo_ i` sionb oh_gjfisg_hn- nb_ jimmc\cfcns i` chn_lhmbcjm [h^ [jjl_hnc]_mbcjm ch p[lciom m_]nilm [l_ \_cha jimnof[n_^/8 Vbcf_ g[hs sioha j_ijf_ gcabn nbche nb[n chn_lhmbcjm [l_ nii xfiqfsy [ jl_`_l_h]_- nb_s ^i [n f_[mn jlipc^_ [ mbiln.n_lg mifoncih ch nb_ ]oll_hn ]lcmcm/ Hhn_lhmbcjm i``_l qile _rj_lc_h]_ ch mj_]c`c] [l_[m oh^_l nb_ non_f[a_ i` _rj_lnm/ Sb_s jlipc^_ nb_ ]b[h]_ ni f_[lh ih nb_ di\ [h^ a_n _rjimol_ ni [ p[lc_ns i` qile _hpclihg_hnm nb[n gcabn inb_lqcm_ hin b[p_ \__h []]_mmc\f_/ Sb_s [fmi jlipc^_ di\.m__e_lm qcnb [h ijjilnohcns ni l_n[ch- oj^[n_ [h^ jimmc\fs ojal[^_ nl[hm`_l[\f_ di\ mecffm [h^ \[]ealioh^ ehiqf_^a_/
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
@hinb_l [fn_lh[ncp_ `l[g_qile cm nb_ hih.jli`cn m_]nilj[lnc]of[lfs `il nbim_ e__h ih ][l__lm ch \omch_mm [h^ `ch[h]_/ @fgimn [ff \ca ]iljil[ncihm [h^ ]igj[hc_m b[p_ mnliha ]igjih_hnm i` ]iljil[n_ mi]c[f l_mjihmc\cfcns/ H`- [n nb_ jichn i` m_f_]ncih- [ `onol_ _gjfis__ []no[ffs b[m b[h^m.ih qile _rj_lc_h]_ qcnb [ hih.aip_lhg_hn[f ila[hct[ncih ^_[fcha qcnb ]iggohcns cmmo_m- biq go]b gil_ p[fo[\f_ nb[n _gjfis__ qiof^ m__g/
@m aip_lhg_hnm [lioh^ nb_ qilf^- ch]fo^cha Giha Jiha-
;
, \l ynk ywzyn hk yurjQ |oynot k{kw~ iwoxox ynkwk gr|g~x jukx rok gt uvvuwyztoy~R-
PXiZ_ ;99B
ni fcp_- hin ih ]l_^cn il fi[hm- \on qcnbch nb_cl g_[hm/ Eil nbim_ fo]es _hioab ni b[p_ b[^ [ gil_ ^cmjim[\f_ ch]ig_-
, RRRg vkwlkiy vwusvy yu wkyzwt yu ynk |g~x ul g vwk{ouzx mktkwgyoutRRR|nu zxkj yu ro{k tuy ut iwkjoy uw rugtxQ hzy |oynot ynkow skgtxR-
mi]c_ns _h]iol[a_^ chp_mncha ch nb_ mni]e g[le_n/ W_m- gih_s ]iof^ \_ fimn- \on cn ]iof^ [fmi \_ a[ch_^ [h^ gofncjfc_^/ S[echa
Mi ih_ ^_hc_m nb[n nbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm cm jli\[\fs nb_ qilmn
lcmem b[^ [ ]_ln[ch nblcff- _mj_]c[ffs qb_h l_nolhm q_l_ mi bcab/
nb_ qilf^ b[m b[^ ni ]ih`lihn- [h^ hi ih_ qiof^ g[e_ fcabn
Th`ilnoh[n_fs- nb_ mni]e g[le_n ]l[mb [h^ nb_ ^l[g[nc] mnilc_m
i` nb_ p_ls l_[f qillc_m [h^ [hrc_nc_m nb[n _p_lsih_ .. \on gimn
i` `[cf_^ \[hem [h^ ]illojn chp_mng_hn jli^o]nm g_[h nb[n
_mj_]c[ffs sioha j_ijf_ .. [l_ `[]cha/ Aon c` nlonb \_ nif^- qcnbch
sioha j_ijf_ mbiof^ [fmi l_nbche biq ni jlin_]n nb_cl b[l^
_p_ls ]lcmcm nb_l_ [fq[sm ^i_m fc_ [h ijjilnohcns/ H` ni^[sym
_[lh_^ gihc_m/ O_lb[jm b_l_ch fc_m nb_ []no[f l_f_p[h]_ i` nbcm
g_mm cm [h ijjilnohcns ni l_nbche- l_.[mm_mm [h^ l_`l[g_ ih_ym
_hncl_ ]lcmcm- qbcf_ [fmi bcabfcabncha nb_ if^ [^[a_; zH` cn fiiem
j_lmih[f ai[fm- nb_h qb[n_p_l nb_ `onol_ bif^m- sioha j_ijf_
nii aii^ ni \_ nlo_- nb_h cn jli\[\fs cm/{
g[s q_ff \_ \ocfn `il cn/
2 @m ^_`ch_^ \s nb_ Thcn_^ M[ncihm/ Sb_s ]igjlcm_ mig_ 29} i` nb_ qilf^ym
7 Viha- @^_f_ [h^ Aihhc_ Bb[h/ zxHlih lc]_ \iqfy di\m [nnl[]ncp_ ni mno^_hnm/{
Rcgcf[lfs- pifohn[ls qile cm [h [fn_lh[ncp_ ni nc^_ sioha j_ijf_ ip_l nb_ _gjfisg_hn cgj[mm_/ Uifohn__lcha [a[ch jlipc^_m _rj_lc_h]_- qcnb f_[lhcha [h^ mecffm []kocmcncih- [h^ [fmi _hlc]b_m [ sioha j_lmihym j_lmih[f ^_p_fijg_hn/ Sbcm ][h ihfs \i^_ q_ff `il nb_cl `onol_ _gjfisg_hn/ Wioha j_ijf_ l_[ffs ^i h__^ ni ]ihmc^_l nb_cl `onol_m nblioab [fn_lh[ncp_ jlcmgm/ Vb_nb_l []]_jncha [h chn_lhmbcj il oh^_ln[echa pifohn[ls qile- nb_ p[fo_ i` \_cha q_ff.i]]ojc_^ fc_m ch _hmolcha [ xbif^.ip_ly mifoncih \_`il_ nb_s ][h _hn_l il l_._hn_l nb_ di\ g[le_n ih gil_ `[piol[\f_ n_lgm/
jijof[ncih/ 3 Hhn_lh[ncih[f K[\iol Nla[hct[ncih/ x?B54? v@C?BL@8AG /E8A7Fd {4AH4EL iggp-
/;8 .G4A74E7- E_\lo[ls 34- 311:/ 8 Hhn_l [fc[ `il l_`_l_h]_ ni Giha Jiha- zOl_m_lpcha Ii\m-{ /;8 iggpeighg sH7:8G-
j/ 23/ bnnj;00qqq/cfi/ila0q]gmj60aliojm0jo\fc]0...^al_jilnm0...
j[l[al[jbm 37.39- jj/ 22.25/ Rj__]b \s nb_ Ech[h]c[f R_]l_n[ls- gipcha nb_
^]igg0^i]og_hnm0jo\fc][ncih0q]gmZ212572/j^` +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 24-
R_]ih^ Q_[^cha i` nb_ @jjlijlc[ncih Acff 311: +E_\lo[ls 36- 311:,/
311:,
Eil Alcn[ch- m__; Vchniol- O[nlc]e [h^ Dmnb_l @^^f_s/ zAliqh*m u251g jf[h `il
4 M[eolc/]ig +Hh^c[ym hog\_l.ih_ di\ mcn_,/ /;8 yH@4A<G<8F +CG<BA/ bnnj;00qqq/ h[oelc/]ig0ch`i_^a_0[^pc]_0bogij/bng +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 2:- 311:, 5 zFl[^o[n_m `__f j[chm i` afi\[f ]lcmcm/{t;<A4 u4<?L- Mip_g\_l 32- 3119/
46-111 [jjl_hnc]_mbcjm/{ Sb_ Fo[l^c[h- I[ho[ls 9- 311:/ bnnj;00qqq/ao[l^c[h/ ]i/oe0gih_s0311:0d[h0190ail^ih.\liqh.f[\iol.oh_gjfisg_hn. [jjl_hnc]_mbcjm +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 31- 311:,
bnnj;00qqq/]bch[^[cfs/]ig/]h0]bch[03119.220320]ihn_hnZ8338:12/bng
Eil I[j[h- m__; Nla[hct[ncih `il D]ihigc] Bi.ij_l[ncih [h^ C_p_fijg_hn-
+[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 3- 311:,
{4C4A 6BH?7 7B @BE8 GB ;8?C LBHA: C8BC?8 9<A7 FG45?8 =B5F- C_]_g\_l 29- 3119/
6 zHm nb_l_ [hs jichn aicha ni ohcp_lmcns c` sio ][hyn a_n [ di\ [`n_lq[l^m>{ /;8 /<@8F- I[ho[ls 25- 311:/ bnnj;00 ncg_mihfch_/nsj_j[^/
bnnj;00qqq/i_]^/ila0^i]og_hn0601-4454-_hZ375:Z45598Z5298957:Z2Z2Z2Z211/bngf +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 21- 311:,
]ig0m]biifa[n_0311:0120cm.nb_l_.[hs.ji/bngf +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 28- 311:,
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
<
0><=@><=F
0><=@><=F
@]]il^cha ni [ l_jiln `lig Bbch[-5 nb_ m_]nilm qbc]b b[p_ \__h
Ro]b ijjilnohcnc_m [l_ ni \_ p[fo_^ ch ^c``c]ofn ncg_m- _mj_]c[ffs
Sbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm [fmi i``_lm sioha j_ijf_ nb_ ijjilnohcns
Aocf^cha sionb `il nb_ `onol_ cm [ff [\ion `olhcmbcha sioha
b[l^_mn bcn ch n_lgm i` al[^o[n_ _gjfisg_hn [l_ `ch[h]c[f
mch]_ nb_s ][h _hb[h]_ _gjfis[\cfcns qb_h nb_ _]ihigc]
ni l_.[mm_mm nb_ cmmo_m i` ^_\n [h^ m[pcham/ Hh _]ihigc] \iig
j_ijf_ qcnb nb_ niifm [h^ mecffm ni `l[g_ [fn_lh[ncp_m qb_h
m_lpc]_m- l_[f _mn[n_- `il_cah nl[^_ [h^ g[ho`[]nolcha/ Rcgcf[lfs
mcno[ncih cgjlip_m/ Hhn_lhmbcjm g[s hin [fq[sm _rcmn ch nb_
ncg_m- nb_ ]l_^cn ][l^ cm nb_ o\ckocniom xgomn.b[p_y `il [ff sioha
nbcham [l_ hin aicha q_ff/ Hn cm [\ion _kocjjcha nb_g qcnb nb_
ch Alcn[ch- nb_l_ cm [ l_jiln_^ 49/4} ^_]l_[m_ i` al[^o[n_
jl_]cm_ `c_f^ ]bim_h \s [hs acp_h sioha j_lmih/ Giq_p_l- nb_
j_ijf_/ Si^[sym ]ofnol_ cm p_ls xhiq.ilc_hn[n_^y [h^ \oscha
]ih`c^_h]_ ni l_.[mm_mm nb_ q[sm nb_s nbche- \_b[p_ [h^ fcp_/
p[][h]c_m ch chp_mng_hn \[hecha [h^ [ ^_]l_[m_ i` ip_l 26}
sionb qbi b[m ^ih_ [h chn_lhmbcj .. _p_h ch [ n[ha_hnc[f `c_f^
ih ]l_^cn cm p_ls go]b nb_ hilg/ @]koclcha [ jimm_mmcih ni^[s
Aocf^cha sionb `il nb_ `onol_ cm [\ion mojjilncha sioha j_ijf_
ch []]iohncha [h^ jli`_mmcih[f m_lpc]_m/6 Hhn_l_mnchafs- ch \inb
.. qcff b[p_ [h [^p[hn[a_ ip_l nb_ sionb qbi b[m \__h ion i`
b[m `[l gil_ cgjiln[h]_ nb[h qillscha [\ion j[sg_hn
mi nb_s ][h ]ij_ qb_h nb_cl jl_pciomfs b_f^ [mmogjncihm i`
]iohnlc_m al[^o[n_m [l_ hiq [fmi g[le_^fs gil_ chn_l_mn_^
qile/ Elig [h _gjfis_lym jichn i` pc_q- nb_ chn_lh b[m []kocl_^
nigilliq/ Giq_p_l- qcnb l_aof[l ch]ig_m hi fiha_l
qb_l_ [h^ biq ni _[lh [ fcpcha [l_ nbl_[n_h_^/
ch aip_lhg_hn [h^ jo\fc].m_]nil di\m- mig_nbcha nb_s mb[l_
qile _rj_lc_h]_- [h^ nb[n cm l[l_fs nbioabn i` [m [ q[mn_ i`
ao[l[hn__^- ^_\n i`n_h []]ogof[n_m [h^ g[s hin a_n j[c^ i``
qcnb nb_cl ]iohn_lj[lnm ch Giha Jiha/7
ncg_ \s [hs _gjfis_l bclcha [n _hnls f_p_f/
koc]efs/ Sbcm [hrc_ns [fih_ cm [ j_l`_]n jligjn ni [ l_nolh ni nb_ q[sm i` [ jl_pciom a_h_l[ncih; nb_ a_h_l[ncih qbi om_^
Aon qbcf_ ][l__l _rj_]n[ncihm h__^ ni \_ \li[^_h_^- ][l__l _rj_]n[ncihm [fmi h__^ ni \_ fiq_l_^ ch ncg_m i` `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/ Eil nbim_ qbi b[^ mj_]c`c] [mjcl[ncihm ch [l_[m qbc]b [l_ _rj_lc_h]cha l_^oh^[h]c_m [h^ `[]cha gchcg[f aliqnb- hiq cm nb_ ncg_ ni m__e mig_nbcha h_q/ El[gcha [fn_lh[ncp_m gcabn ch]fo^_ fiiecha [n di\m nb[n ^i hin j[s [m go]b [m [hnc]cj[n_^ il _p_h mig_nbcha hin jl_pciomfs nbioabn [\ion/ Bihmc^_lcha [fn_lh[ncp_ ijncihm ][h \_ [h [hnc^in_ ni ^_jl_mmcih [h^ [hrc_ns- qbcf_ [fmi ij_hcha ^iilm ni h_q bilctihm/
n[]ef_ nb_ cmmo_ i` sionb oh_gjfisg_hn- nb_ jimmc\cfcns i` chn_lhmbcjm [h^ [jjl_hnc]_mbcjm ch p[lciom m_]nilm [l_ \_cha jimnof[n_^/8 Vbcf_ g[hs sioha j_ijf_ gcabn nbche nb[n chn_lhmbcjm [l_ nii xfiqfsy [ jl_`_l_h]_- nb_s ^i [n f_[mn jlipc^_ [ mbiln.n_lg mifoncih ch nb_ ]oll_hn ]lcmcm/ Hhn_lhmbcjm i``_l qile _rj_lc_h]_ ch mj_]c`c] [l_[m oh^_l nb_ non_f[a_ i` _rj_lnm/ Sb_s jlipc^_ nb_ ]b[h]_ ni f_[lh ih nb_ di\ [h^ a_n _rjimol_ ni [ p[lc_ns i` qile _hpclihg_hnm nb[n gcabn inb_lqcm_ hin b[p_ \__h []]_mmc\f_/ Sb_s [fmi jlipc^_ di\.m__e_lm qcnb [h ijjilnohcns ni l_n[ch- oj^[n_ [h^ jimmc\fs ojal[^_ nl[hm`_l[\f_ di\ mecffm [h^ \[]ealioh^ ehiqf_^a_/
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
@hinb_l [fn_lh[ncp_ `l[g_qile cm nb_ hih.jli`cn m_]nilj[lnc]of[lfs `il nbim_ e__h ih ][l__lm ch \omch_mm [h^ `ch[h]_/ @fgimn [ff \ca ]iljil[ncihm [h^ ]igj[hc_m b[p_ mnliha ]igjih_hnm i` ]iljil[n_ mi]c[f l_mjihmc\cfcns/ H`- [n nb_ jichn i` m_f_]ncih- [ `onol_ _gjfis__ []no[ffs b[m b[h^m.ih qile _rj_lc_h]_ qcnb [ hih.aip_lhg_hn[f ila[hct[ncih ^_[fcha qcnb ]iggohcns cmmo_m- biq go]b gil_ p[fo[\f_ nb[n _gjfis__ qiof^ m__g/
@m aip_lhg_hnm [lioh^ nb_ qilf^- ch]fo^cha Giha Jiha-
;
, \l ynk ywzyn hk yurjQ |oynot k{kw~ iwoxox ynkwk gr|g~x jukx rok gt uvvuwyztoy~R-
PXiZ_ ;99B
ni fcp_- hin ih ]l_^cn il fi[hm- \on qcnbch nb_cl g_[hm/ Eil nbim_ fo]es _hioab ni b[p_ b[^ [ gil_ ^cmjim[\f_ ch]ig_-
, RRRg vkwlkiy vwusvy yu wkyzwt yu ynk |g~x ul g vwk{ouzx mktkwgyoutRRR|nu zxkj yu ro{k tuy ut iwkjoy uw rugtxQ hzy |oynot ynkow skgtxR-
mi]c_ns _h]iol[a_^ chp_mncha ch nb_ mni]e g[le_n/ W_m- gih_s ]iof^ \_ fimn- \on cn ]iof^ [fmi \_ a[ch_^ [h^ gofncjfc_^/ S[echa
Mi ih_ ^_hc_m nb[n nbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm cm jli\[\fs nb_ qilmn
lcmem b[^ [ ]_ln[ch nblcff- _mj_]c[ffs qb_h l_nolhm q_l_ mi bcab/
nb_ qilf^ b[m b[^ ni ]ih`lihn- [h^ hi ih_ qiof^ g[e_ fcabn
Th`ilnoh[n_fs- nb_ mni]e g[le_n ]l[mb [h^ nb_ ^l[g[nc] mnilc_m
i` nb_ p_ls l_[f qillc_m [h^ [hrc_nc_m nb[n _p_lsih_ .. \on gimn
i` `[cf_^ \[hem [h^ ]illojn chp_mng_hn jli^o]nm g_[h nb[n
_mj_]c[ffs sioha j_ijf_ .. [l_ `[]cha/ Aon c` nlonb \_ nif^- qcnbch
sioha j_ijf_ mbiof^ [fmi l_nbche biq ni jlin_]n nb_cl b[l^
_p_ls ]lcmcm nb_l_ [fq[sm ^i_m fc_ [h ijjilnohcns/ H` ni^[sym
_[lh_^ gihc_m/ O_lb[jm b_l_ch fc_m nb_ []no[f l_f_p[h]_ i` nbcm
g_mm cm [h ijjilnohcns ni l_nbche- l_.[mm_mm [h^ l_`l[g_ ih_ym
_hncl_ ]lcmcm- qbcf_ [fmi bcabfcabncha nb_ if^ [^[a_; zH` cn fiiem
j_lmih[f ai[fm- nb_h qb[n_p_l nb_ `onol_ bif^m- sioha j_ijf_
nii aii^ ni \_ nlo_- nb_h cn jli\[\fs cm/{
g[s q_ff \_ \ocfn `il cn/
2 @m ^_`ch_^ \s nb_ Thcn_^ M[ncihm/ Sb_s ]igjlcm_ mig_ 29} i` nb_ qilf^ym
7 Viha- @^_f_ [h^ Aihhc_ Bb[h/ zxHlih lc]_ \iqfy di\m [nnl[]ncp_ ni mno^_hnm/{
Rcgcf[lfs- pifohn[ls qile cm [h [fn_lh[ncp_ ni nc^_ sioha j_ijf_ ip_l nb_ _gjfisg_hn cgj[mm_/ Uifohn__lcha [a[ch jlipc^_m _rj_lc_h]_- qcnb f_[lhcha [h^ mecffm []kocmcncih- [h^ [fmi _hlc]b_m [ sioha j_lmihym j_lmih[f ^_p_fijg_hn/ Sbcm ][h ihfs \i^_ q_ff `il nb_cl `onol_ _gjfisg_hn/ Wioha j_ijf_ l_[ffs ^i h__^ ni ]ihmc^_l nb_cl `onol_m nblioab [fn_lh[ncp_ jlcmgm/ Vb_nb_l []]_jncha [h chn_lhmbcj il oh^_ln[echa pifohn[ls qile- nb_ p[fo_ i` \_cha q_ff.i]]ojc_^ fc_m ch _hmolcha [ xbif^.ip_ly mifoncih \_`il_ nb_s ][h _hn_l il l_._hn_l nb_ di\ g[le_n ih gil_ `[piol[\f_ n_lgm/
jijof[ncih/ 3 Hhn_lh[ncih[f K[\iol Nla[hct[ncih/ x?B54? v@C?BL@8AG /E8A7Fd {4AH4EL iggp-
/;8 .G4A74E7- E_\lo[ls 34- 311:/ 8 Hhn_l [fc[ `il l_`_l_h]_ ni Giha Jiha- zOl_m_lpcha Ii\m-{ /;8 iggpeighg sH7:8G-
j/ 23/ bnnj;00qqq/cfi/ila0q]gmj60aliojm0jo\fc]0...^al_jilnm0...
j[l[al[jbm 37.39- jj/ 22.25/ Rj__]b \s nb_ Ech[h]c[f R_]l_n[ls- gipcha nb_
^]igg0^i]og_hnm0jo\fc][ncih0q]gmZ212572/j^` +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 24-
R_]ih^ Q_[^cha i` nb_ @jjlijlc[ncih Acff 311: +E_\lo[ls 36- 311:,/
311:,
Eil Alcn[ch- m__; Vchniol- O[nlc]e [h^ Dmnb_l @^^f_s/ zAliqh*m u251g jf[h `il
4 M[eolc/]ig +Hh^c[ym hog\_l.ih_ di\ mcn_,/ /;8 yH@4A<G<8F +CG<BA/ bnnj;00qqq/ h[oelc/]ig0ch`i_^a_0[^pc]_0bogij/bng +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 2:- 311:, 5 zFl[^o[n_m `__f j[chm i` afi\[f ]lcmcm/{t;<A4 u4<?L- Mip_g\_l 32- 3119/
46-111 [jjl_hnc]_mbcjm/{ Sb_ Fo[l^c[h- I[ho[ls 9- 311:/ bnnj;00qqq/ao[l^c[h/ ]i/oe0gih_s0311:0d[h0190ail^ih.\liqh.f[\iol.oh_gjfisg_hn. [jjl_hnc]_mbcjm +[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 31- 311:,
bnnj;00qqq/]bch[^[cfs/]ig/]h0]bch[03119.220320]ihn_hnZ8338:12/bng
Eil I[j[h- m__; Nla[hct[ncih `il D]ihigc] Bi.ij_l[ncih [h^ C_p_fijg_hn-
+[]]_mm_^ E_\lo[ls 3- 311:,
{4C4A 6BH?7 7B @BE8 GB ;8?C LBHA: C8BC?8 9<A7 FG45?8 =B5F- C_]_g\_l 29- 3119/
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=
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R ,:7D7 ;E 3 >AF 9A;@9 A@ 3F F:7 G@;H7DE;FK FA BD7B3D7 EFG67@FE 8AD IAD= AGFE;67 uA@9 xA@9^^^4AF: ;@ 6757@FD3>;L76 3@6 57@FD3>;L76 BDA9D3??7E^^^F:7;D 3EB;D3F;A@ ;E FA BDAH;67 7H7DK EFG67@F I;F: @A@]>A53> 7JB7D;7@57^S Nj0.09?=,74E0/ ;=:2=,880> ,=0 :=2,94E0/ -D 1,.@7?D 808-0=> B3: 3,A0 ?304= :B9 .:9?,.?>W z30D ,=0 08;:B0=0/ 49/4A4/@,7> B3: ,==,920 :;;:=?@94?40> 1:= ?304= :B9 >?@/09?>W l:= 0C,8;70U ?30 l,.@7?D :1 y:.4,7 y.409.0> 3,> -009 A0=D ,.?4A0 49 .,9A,>>492 1:= 49?0=9>34;> 49 .:8;,940> ,9/ tmu>W z304= ,>;4=,?4:9 4> ?: ;=:A4/0 0A0=D >?@/09? B4?3 9:9V7:.,7 0C;0=409.0W z30=0 4> , 7:? 2:492 :9 ,? ?30 @94A0=>4?D ?: ;=0;,=0 ?30 >?@/09?> 1:= ?30 B:=7/ :@?>4/0 n:92 q:92U 49.7@/492 49?0=9>34;>U 0C.3,920> ,9/ 4880=>4:9 ;=:2=,880>WO
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g ?B:VB006 4880=>4:9 ;=:2=,880 .:@7/ 49A:7A0 , ?0,.30=V70/ ;,.6,20U B4?3 .:88@94?D ,9/ ,.,/084. ;=:50.?> ,> B077 ,> B:=6 49 , -@>490>> >0??492W z30 @94A0=>4?DM> i349, g11,4=> u114.0 :=2,94E0> .09?=,74E0/ ,.?4A4?40> B34.3 ,7>: 49.7@/0 , /:E09 >@.3 4880=>4:9 ;=:2=,880> ,> B077 ,> 0C.3,920> ,9/ 49?0=9>34;>W z30 ;=:2=,880> ,=0 /0>4290/ ?: ;=0;,=0 >?@/09?> 1:= ?30 .3,770920> ,30,/U B4?3 >6477V>0?> >@4?0/ ?: =,;4/ .3,920U ,> ,9 0C,8;70 24A09 -D v=:10>>:= }:92 477@>?=,?0>c
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s:=0 k9274>3 ,9/ i3490>0 7,92@,20 .:@=>0> ,=0 ,7>: ?: -0 49?=:/@.0/W y;0.4,7 .:@=>0> B477 -0 /0>4290/ 1:= k9274>3 49 8,5:= >@-50.?>U B30?30= 80/4.490U 7,B := .3084>?=DU ,> B077 ,> >8,=?09492 @; k9274>3 1:= .:88@94.,?4:9 ;@=;:>0>W Nr0,=9492 7,92@,20> 4> 9:? 1@9/,809?,77D /4114.@7? -@? D:@ 3,A0 ?: -0 8:?4A,?0/W o ?3496 ?3,? ?30 1@?@=0 1:= ?30 ;0:;70 :1 n:92 q:92 4> ?: -0 ,-70 ?: 8,60 , 74A492 9:? :97D 49 n:92 q:92 -@? ,9DB30=0 ,9/ ?30 >::90= ?30D @9/0=>?,9/ ?34>U ?30 8:=0 8:?4A,?0/ ?30D B477 -0.:80WO n:926:920=> ,=0 7460 >: 8,9D ;0:;70 49 =0,>:9,-7D ;=:>;0=:@> >:.40?40>W z30 .:81:=?> :1 >?,D492 B30=0 ?30D ,=0 :@?B0423 ,9D 49.749,?4:9> ?: ?,60 @; 90B .3,770920>W
R ^^^F:7 8GFGD7 8AD F:7 B7AB>7 A8 uA@9 xA@9 ;E FA 47 34>7 FA ?3=7 3 >;H;@9 @AF A@>K :7D7 4GF 3@KI:7D7 3@6 F:7 EAA@7D F:7K G@67DEF3@6 F:;E\ F:7 ?AD7 ?AF;H3F76 F:7K I;>> 475A?7^S v=:10>>:= }:92 08;3,>4E0/ ?3,? nq{ ?=40> ?: .=0,?0 ,9/ 1:>?0= ,9 :@?7::6 ?3,? 307;> >?@/09?> ?: .:9?=4-@?0 9:? :97D ?: n:92 q:92 -@? ?: ?30 -=:,/0= .:9?0C? B30=0 n:92 q:92 :;0=,?0>W N}0 ,=0 ,7>: 093,9.492 i3490>0 7,92@,20 .:@=>0> -0.,@>0 ?30 8,>?0=D :1 i3490>0 7,92@,20 49 n:92 q:92 4> 49.=0,>4927D 7:.,7W t:? :97D ?30 >;:609 7,92@,20 -@? ,7>: ?30 B=4??09 7,92@,20 4> i,9?:90>0U D0? ?30=0 ,=0 >: 8,9D /4110=09? /4,70.?>WO v=:10>>:= }:92 2,A0 , A0=D ?3:@23?V;=:A:6492 =0,>:9 B3D ?34> ;,=?4.@7,= ,>;0.? 900/> ,??09?4:9W n0 809?4:90/ >?,?4>?4.> 1:= [YY` B34.3 >3:B ?3,? ?30 9@8-0= :1 ;0:;70 B3: 04?30= =024>?0=0/ 1:= 8,==4,20 49 n:92 q:92 := ,;;740/ 1:= , .0=?414.,?0 :1 >49270 R8,=4?,7S >?,?@> 30=0W }309 ?,609 ?:20?30=U ?30D 49/4.,?0 ?3,? :A0= ^YO :1 8,==4,20 ;,=?90=> :1 n:92 q:92 =0>4/09?> B0=0 ;0:;70 1=:8 :A0= ?30 -:=/0=U , =,?30= ?077492 ;=:;:=?4:9U ,9/ , >@=0 >429 :1 ?30 ?480>W
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R ,:;E ;E 3@ G@GEG3> EA5;7FK\ 3 5:3@9;@9 EA5;7FK^^^F:;E ;E B3DF A8 uA@9 xA@9 475A?;@9 B3DF A8 F:7 IAD>6 3@6 B3DF A8 p:;@3^ ,:;E B>357 :3E 3>I3KE 477@ CG;F7 5A@@75F76 FA F:7 IAD>6\ 3@6 @AI F:7 43DD;7DE I;F: p:;@3 3D7 5A?;@9 6AI@ H7DK D3B;6>K^S No 3,A0 , /,@23?0=U oM8 9:? B:==40/ ,-:@? 30=UO 7,@230/ v=:10>>:= }:92W No?M> 30= :B9 7410U -@? D0>WWW10=?474?D =,?0> ,9/ 8,==4,20 =,?0> B477 2: /:B9U ?34> 4> ,9 @9@>@,7 >:.40?DU , .3,92492 >:.40?DU A0=D /4110=09?WWW?34> 4> ;,=? :1 n:92 q:92 -0.:8492 ;,=? :1 ?30 B:=7/ ,9/ ;,=? :1 i349,W z34> ;7,.0 3,> ,7B,D> -009 <@4?0 .:990.?0/ ?: ?30 B:=7/U ,9/ 9:B ?30 -,==40=> B4?3 i349, ,=0 .:8492 /:B9 A0=D =,;4/7DW z34> ,7>: 0C;7,49> B3D D:@92 ;0:;70 900/ ?: -0 ;=0;,=0/ 1:= =0,.3492 :@? ,9/ 49?0=,.?4:9 B4?3 ?30 B3:70 B:=7/U 9:? :97D i349,WO n:92 q:92 {94A0=>4?D y?@/09?>M {94:9
R ,3=;@9 3@6 9;H;@9 ;E B3DF A8 :G?3@ 7@5AG@F7D 3@6 I7 I3@F KAG@9 B7AB>7 ;@ uA@9 xA@9 FA 4D;@9 FA EG5: 7@5AG@F7DE 3 9>A43>\ ;@F7D@3F;A@3> G@67DEF3@6;@9^S No9 0A0=D ;:>4?4A0 09.:@9?0=U 0A0=D 092,20809? -0?B009 ?B: ;0=>:9> D:@ ?,60 >:80?3492 1=:8 >:80-:/D ,9/ D:@ 24A0 >:80?3492 ?: >:80-:/DW ~:@ 70,=9 >:80?3492 1=:8 >:80:90 ,9/ D:@ ?0,.3 ,9:?30= ;0=>:9 >:80?3492WO m4A0V,9/V?,60 4> 49A:7A0/ 49 ,77 3@8,9 =07,?4:9>34;> ,9/ v=:10>>:= }:92 >,4/ D:@92 ;0:;70 49 n:92 q:92 900/ ?: -=492 ?: >@.3 09.:@9?0=> , 27:-,7U 49?0=9,?4:9,7 @9/0=>?,9/492W z30D 900/ 170C4-474?D ,9/ ?30D 900/ ?: 7::6 :@?B,=/W z: i349, ,9/ ?30 B:=7/W h0.,@>0 ?3,?M> B30=0 n:92 q:92M> 1@?@=0 740>W
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g ?B:VB006 4880=>4:9 ;=:2=,880 .:@7/ 49A:7A0 , ?0,.30=V70/ ;,.6,20U B4?3 .:88@94?D ,9/ ,.,/084. ;=:50.?> ,> B077 ,> B:=6 49 , -@>490>> >0??492W z30 @94A0=>4?DM> i349, g11,4=> u114.0 :=2,94E0> .09?=,74E0/ ,.?4A4?40> B34.3 ,7>: 49.7@/0 , /:E09 >@.3 4880=>4:9 ;=:2=,880> ,> B077 ,> 0C.3,920> ,9/ 49?0=9>34;>W z30 ;=:2=,880> ,=0 /0>4290/ ?: ;=0;,=0 >?@/09?> 1:= ?30 .3,770920> ,30,/U B4?3 >6477V>0?> >@4?0/ ?: =,;4/ .3,920U ,> ,9 0C,8;70 24A09 -D v=:10>>:= }:92 477@>?=,?0>c
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s:=0 k9274>3 ,9/ i3490>0 7,92@,20 .:@=>0> ,=0 ,7>: ?: -0 49?=:/@.0/W y;0.4,7 .:@=>0> B477 -0 /0>4290/ 1:= k9274>3 49 8,5:= >@-50.?>U B30?30= 80/4.490U 7,B := .3084>?=DU ,> B077 ,> >8,=?09492 @; k9274>3 1:= .:88@94.,?4:9 ;@=;:>0>W Nr0,=9492 7,92@,20> 4> 9:? 1@9/,809?,77D /4114.@7? -@? D:@ 3,A0 ?: -0 8:?4A,?0/W o ?3496 ?3,? ?30 1@?@=0 1:= ?30 ;0:;70 :1 n:92 q:92 4> ?: -0 ,-70 ?: 8,60 , 74A492 9:? :97D 49 n:92 q:92 -@? ,9DB30=0 ,9/ ?30 >::90= ?30D @9/0=>?,9/ ?34>U ?30 8:=0 8:?4A,?0/ ?30D B477 -0.:80WO n:926:920=> ,=0 7460 >: 8,9D ;0:;70 49 =0,>:9,-7D ;=:>;0=:@> >:.40?40>W z30 .:81:=?> :1 >?,D492 B30=0 ?30D ,=0 :@?B0423 ,9D 49.749,?4:9> ?: ?,60 @; 90B .3,770920>W
R ^^^F:7 8GFGD7 8AD F:7 B7AB>7 A8 uA@9 xA@9 ;E FA 47 34>7 FA ?3=7 3 >;H;@9 @AF A@>K :7D7 4GF 3@KI:7D7 3@6 F:7 EAA@7D F:7K G@67DEF3@6 F:;E\ F:7 ?AD7 ?AF;H3F76 F:7K I;>> 475A?7^S v=:10>>:= }:92 08;3,>4E0/ ?3,? nq{ ?=40> ?: .=0,?0 ,9/ 1:>?0= ,9 :@?7::6 ?3,? 307;> >?@/09?> ?: .:9?=4-@?0 9:? :97D ?: n:92 q:92 -@? ?: ?30 -=:,/0= .:9?0C? B30=0 n:92 q:92 :;0=,?0>W N}0 ,=0 ,7>: 093,9.492 i3490>0 7,92@,20 .:@=>0> -0.,@>0 ?30 8,>?0=D :1 i3490>0 7,92@,20 49 n:92 q:92 4> 49.=0,>4927D 7:.,7W t:? :97D ?30 >;:609 7,92@,20 -@? ,7>: ?30 B=4??09 7,92@,20 4> i,9?:90>0U D0? ?30=0 ,=0 >: 8,9D /4110=09? /4,70.?>WO v=:10>>:= }:92 2,A0 , A0=D ?3:@23?V;=:A:6492 =0,>:9 B3D ?34> ;,=?4.@7,= ,>;0.? 900/> ,??09?4:9W n0 809?4:90/ >?,?4>?4.> 1:= [YY` B34.3 >3:B ?3,? ?30 9@8-0= :1 ;0:;70 B3: 04?30= =024>?0=0/ 1:= 8,==4,20 49 n:92 q:92 := ,;;740/ 1:= , .0=?414.,?0 :1 >49270 R8,=4?,7S >?,?@> 30=0W }309 ?,609 ?:20?30=U ?30D 49/4.,?0 ?3,? :A0= ^YO :1 8,==4,20 ;,=?90=> :1 n:92 q:92 =0>4/09?> B0=0 ;0:;70 1=:8 :A0= ?30 -:=/0=U , =,?30= ?077492 ;=:;:=?4:9U ,9/ , >@=0 >429 :1 ?30 ?480>W
R /7 3D7 3>EA 7@:3@5;@9 p:;@7E7 >3@9G397 5AGDE7E 4753GE7 F:7 ?3EF7DK A8 p:;@7E7 >3@9G397 ;@ uA@9 xA@9 ;E ;@5D73E;@9>K >A53>^S
R ,:;E ;E 3@ G@GEG3> EA5;7FK\ 3 5:3@9;@9 EA5;7FK^^^F:;E ;E B3DF A8 uA@9 xA@9 475A?;@9 B3DF A8 F:7 IAD>6 3@6 B3DF A8 p:;@3^ ,:;E B>357 :3E 3>I3KE 477@ CG;F7 5A@@75F76 FA F:7 IAD>6\ 3@6 @AI F:7 43DD;7DE I;F: p:;@3 3D7 5A?;@9 6AI@ H7DK D3B;6>K^S No 3,A0 , /,@23?0=U oM8 9:? B:==40/ ,-:@? 30=UO 7,@230/ v=:10>>:= }:92W No?M> 30= :B9 7410U -@? D0>WWW10=?474?D =,?0> ,9/ 8,==4,20 =,?0> B477 2: /:B9U ?34> 4> ,9 @9@>@,7 >:.40?DU , .3,92492 >:.40?DU A0=D /4110=09?WWW?34> 4> ;,=? :1 n:92 q:92 -0.:8492 ;,=? :1 ?30 B:=7/ ,9/ ;,=? :1 i349,W z34> ;7,.0 3,> ,7B,D> -009 <@4?0 .:990.?0/ ?: ?30 B:=7/U ,9/ 9:B ?30 -,==40=> B4?3 i349, ,=0 .:8492 /:B9 A0=D =,;4/7DW z34> ,7>: 0C;7,49> B3D D:@92 ;0:;70 900/ ?: -0 ;=0;,=0/ 1:= =0,.3492 :@? ,9/ 49?0=,.?4:9 B4?3 ?30 B3:70 B:=7/U 9:? :97D i349,WO n:92 q:92 {94A0=>4?D y?@/09?>M {94:9
R ,3=;@9 3@6 9;H;@9 ;E B3DF A8 :G?3@ 7@5AG@F7D 3@6 I7 I3@F KAG@9 B7AB>7 ;@ uA@9 xA@9 FA 4D;@9 FA EG5: 7@5AG@F7DE 3 9>A43>\ ;@F7D@3F;A@3> G@67DEF3@6;@9^S No9 0A0=D ;:>4?4A0 09.:@9?0=U 0A0=D 092,20809? -0?B009 ?B: ;0=>:9> D:@ ?,60 >:80?3492 1=:8 >:80-:/D ,9/ D:@ 24A0 >:80?3492 ?: >:80-:/DW ~:@ 70,=9 >:80?3492 1=:8 >:80:90 ,9/ D:@ ?0,.3 ,9:?30= ;0=>:9 >:80?3492WO m4A0V,9/V?,60 4> 49A:7A0/ 49 ,77 3@8,9 =07,?4:9>34;> ,9/ v=:10>>:= }:92 >,4/ D:@92 ;0:;70 49 n:92 q:92 900/ ?: -=492 ?: >@.3 09.:@9?0=> , 27:-,7U 49?0=9,?4:9,7 @9/0=>?,9/492W z30D 900/ 170C4-474?D ,9/ ?30D 900/ ?: 7::6 :@?B,=/W z: i349, ,9/ ?30 B:=7/W h0.,@>0 ?3,?M> B30=0 n:92 q:92M> 1@?@=0 740>W
v=:10>>:= }:92 /4/ 34> 14=>? /02=00 ,? ?30 {94A0=>4?D :1 i34.,2: ,9/ =0.04A0/ 34> v3j 1=:8 ?30 >,80 @94A0=>4?D 49 ZbaZW n0 B,> |4>4?492 y.3:7,= ,? ?30 t,?4:9,7 u;494:9 x0>0,=.3 i09?0=U {94A0=>4?D :1 i34.,2: 49 Zba^ ,9/ ?30 n::A0= o9>?4?@?4:9U y?,91:=/ {94A0=>4?D 49 ZbabW n0 5:490/ ?30 {94A0=>4?D :1 n:92 q:92 49 Zbb[U B,> j4=0.?:= :1 ?30 y.3::7 :1 h@>490>> 1=:8 Zbb` ?: [YYZ ,9/ 1:@9/492 j0,9 :1 ?30 l,.@7?D :1 h@>490>> ,9/ k.:9:84.> 1=:8 [YYZ ?: [YY]W n4> .@==09? =0>0,=.3 1:.@>0> :9 n:92 q:92M> 0.:9:84. ;:74.D ,9,7D>4> B4?3 ;,=?4.@7,= =010=09.0 ?: =024:9,7 0.:9:84. /0A07:;809? 49 i349,M> v0,=7 x4A0= j07?, ,9/ ~,92E4 x4A0= j07?, ,9/ ?304= 49?0=,.?4:9 B4?3 n:92 q:92W
s,D n,77U {94A0=>4?D :1 n:92 q:92
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DOX XNK MVTYSJ VYSSOSM? b ifbewismrfpxq betjdf gnp rnebvxq fdnmnlv n?A@9 F:7 ?3@K KAG@9 B7AB>7 673>;@9 I;F: FD3@E;F;A@E 6GD;@9 83>>AGF 8DA? F:7 8;@3@5;3> 5D;E;E\ F:7 F3>7@F76 I;>> 47 ;@ F:7 47EF BAE;F;A@ FA D75AH7D^ ,A :;F F:7 9DAG@6 DG@@;@9 I:7@ F:7 IADEF 38F7DE:A5=E :3H7 B3EE76\ F:7K I;>> @776 FA :3H7 >73D@76 8DA? 4AF: 9AA6 3@6 436 7JB7D;7@57E\ 47 E7>8]3I3D7\ BDA35F;H7 3@6 >AK3>^ n@6 F:7 D73> F3>7@F I;>> :3H7 5AGD397^ ,:3F ?3K ?73@ F:7 5AGD397 FA 47 6;887D7@F^ rH7DK 67F7D?;@76 <A4]E77=7D E:AG>6 F3=7 @AF7 A8 F:;E EAG@6 36H;57 8DA? :736]:G@F7D n@6D7I ,EG;\ p:3;D?3@ A8 xAD@_s7DDK YuxZ^ n@6D7I ,EG; i3,4=8,9U q:=9Xl0==D o9?0=9,?4:9,7 RnqS r?/
v F:;@= F:7D7 ?3K :3H7 477@ FAA ?G5: 7?B:3E;E A@ I73>F: 5D73F;A@ 3E 3 ?73EGD7 A8 EG557EE ;@ F:7 B3EF^ z3K47 8DA? @AI A@ F:7D7 I;>> 47 ?AD7 IAD=_>;87 43>3@57^ ,:7 E7F A8 H3>G7E :7D7 :3E 5:3@976 AH7D F:7 K73DE^ zAD7 B7AB>7 3D7 ;@F7D7EF76 ;@ F:7 7@H;DA@?7@F 3@6 :3H;@9 3 43>3@576 >;87EFK>7 D3F:7D F:3@ ?3J;?;L;@9 F:7;D 73D@;@9 53B35;FK^ n:B /4/ D:@ -0.:80 , 30,/V3@9?0=e n,j o <@,74140/ ,> , .3,=?0=0/ ,..:@9?,9? ,9/ ,1?0= ?09 D0,=> o 107? o B,> .7:>0= ?: ?30 ;0:;70 >4/0 :1 ?30 -@>490>> ?3,9 ?30 9@8-0=> >4/0U >: o 8,/0 , 10B ?=,9>4?4:9> 8D>071 -01:=0 7,9/492 :9 >:80?3492 o =0,77D 7460U B34.3 4> ;0:;70V:=409?0/ -@>490>>W
j:0> q:=9Xl0==DM> /,?,-,>0 49.7@/0 D:@92 ;0:;70e n,j }0 3,A0 , >@->4/4,=D .,770/ d/./,vn.v+ ,9/ 3,A0 /:90 >:80 =0.=@4?809? :1 1=0>3 2=,/@,?0>U -@? B0 @>@,77D 7::6 1:= ;0:;70 B4?3 , 10B D0,=> :1 0C;0=409.0 B3: ,=0 >?477 49 ?304= [Y> ,9/ \Y>W
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}3,? >;0.414.,77D /: D:@ 7::6 1:=e n,j g? ?30 5@94:= 70A07 B0 ,=0 7::6492 1:= .0=?,49 2090=4. >6477>U ,??=4-@?0> ,9/ ;:?09?4,7W }0 3,A0 ,>>0>>809? ?::7>U A,74/,?4:9 ?0.394<@0> ,9/ -09.38,=6> ?3,? B0 ,;;7DW
}3,? ,??=4-@?0> /: ?30 ?:; 2=,/@,?0> ;:>>0>>e n,j i:@=,20 ?: 1,.0 @; ?: ,/A0=>4?DU 4990= >?=092?3W z: ?3496 ;:>4?4A0 ,9/ -0 .:914/09? ,=0 A0=D 48;:=?,9? ,??=4-@?0>W v0:;70 B3: /: B077U 70,/0=>U @>@,77D ,7>: 3,A0 , >:.4,7U ;,=?4.4;,?4A0 ,9/ .:9>@7?,?4A0 :@?7::6 :9 7410W z30D ,=0 0C;7:=,?:=D ,9/ ,9,7D?4.,7 49 ?30 B,D ?30D 8,60 /0.4>4:9>W
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R pAGD397 FA 8357 GB FA
36H7DE;FK\ ;@@7D EFD7@9F:^ ,A F:;@= BAE;F;H7 3@6 47 5A@8;67@F 3D7 H7DK ;?BADF3@F 3FFD;4GF7E^S j: D:@ ?3496 ;0:;70 ,=0 -:=9 B4?3 ?30>0 ,??=4-@?0>e n,j t:U ?30D 3,A0 B3,? B0 .,77 70,=9492 ,2474?DW z30D 70,=9 1=:8 ;,>? 0C;0=409.0U 2::/ := -,/U .,9 =0170.? :9 4?U ,9/ 49?0=9,74E0 4?W g9/ 41 >:80:90 /:0>9M? -09.38,=6 B077 4? 8423? -0 -0.,@>0 :1 .:9/4?4:9492 -D ?30 09A4=:9809? ?: -03,A0 49 .0=?,49 B,D>W
j: D:@ 149/ ?3,? ?30 ?,709?0/ ,=0U :9 ?30 B3:70U L;0:;70M ;0:;70e n,j t:? 90.0>>,=47DU -@? 49 2090=,7 , 7:? :1 ?,709?0/ ;0:;70 ,=0 .:914/09? 49 ?304= ?,709? ,9/ ?3,?M> B3D 4?M> 48;:=?,9? ?: 092,20 49 ,77 >:=?> :1 ,.?4A4?40> >: ?3,? ?30D 70,=9 8:=0 ,-:@? ?308>07A0>U B3,? 0110.? ?30D 3,A0 :9 :?30=>U 70,=9 3:B ?: 20? ,7:92 B4?3 :?30=>W
}3,? ,/A4.0 B:@7/ D:@ :110= ?: , D:@92>?0= B3: B,> .:9A49.0/ ?3,? 30 := >30 3,/ >:80?3492 ?: :110=U -@? B,> 9:? 20??492 :9 ,> B077 ,> 0C;0.?0/e n,j g 7:? :1 ;0:;70 1007 1=@>?=,?0/ := =050.?0/ B309 ?30D /:9M? 1007 7460/W z30D >3:@7/ ,>6 ?308>07A0>U LB3D ,=0 ?30>0 ;0:;70 =0,.?492 ?34> B,D ?: 80eM g>6 ?09 1=409/>U ?0,.30=>U .:,.30>U , =0;=0>09?,?4A0 >,8;70 :1 ?3:>0 D:@ .:80 49?: .:9?,.? B4?3U ?: >,D B3,? ?30D ?3496 D:@ B:@7/ -0 2::/ ,? ,9/ B3,? ?30D ?3496 B:@7/9M? -0 LD:@WM ~:@M77 149/ , ;=0??D .:9>4>?09? LD:@M 080=20> 1=:8 B3,? ?30D >,DW
}3,? ,-:@? >:80:90 B3: 4> 8,6492 , -42 .,=00= ?=,9>4?4:9e n:B .,9 ?30D ;=0;,=0 ?308>07A0> B4?3 ?30 =423? >6477> 1:= ?30 .=:>>=:,/> ,30,/e
R ^^^6;E3EF7D]D7>;78^^^5AG>6 47@78;F 8DA? F:7 F3>7@F BAA> 5D73F76 4K >3K]A88E ^^^4G;>6 7JB7D;7@57 ;@ 3D73E >;=7 73DF:CG3=7] 38875F76 +;5:G3@ F:3F F:7K @7H7D @AD?3>>K :3H7
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l:= >:80U , -42 .3,920 ,9/ -0492 :@? :1 B:=6 8423? 80,9 8:=0 >;,=0 ?480 -@? 1:= ?3:>0 B4?3 5:->U 49 ?30 ;=0>09? 0.:9:84. .748,?0U /: D:@ ?3496 ?3,? B:=6X7410 -,7,9.0 >?,9/> , .3,9.0e n,j o ?3496 ?30=0 8,D 3,A0 -009 ?:: 8@.3 08;3,>4> :9 B0,7?3 .=0,?4:9 ,> , 80,>@=0 :1 >@..0>> 49 ?30 ;,>?W s,D-0 1=:8 9:B :9 ?30=0 B477 -0 8:=0 B:=6X7410 -,7,9.0W z30 >0? :1 A,7@0> 30=0 3,> .3,920/ :A0= ?30 D0,=>W s:=0 ;0:;70 ,=0 49?0=0>?0/ 49
?30 09A4=:9809? ,9/ 3,A492 , -,7,9.0/ 7410>?D70 =,?30= ?3,9 8,C484E492 ?304= 0,=9492 .,;,.4?DW
n:B .:@7/ ?3,? B:=6 :@?e n,j o ?3496 ?30=0 ,=0 .0=?,49 ,=0,>U >@.3 ,> /4>,>?0=V=07401U ?3,? .:@7/ -09014? 1=:8 ?30 ?,709? ;::7 .=0,?0/ -D 7,DV:11>W z,709?0/ D:@92 ;0:;70 49 , ?=,9>4?4:9 ;0=4:/ .:@7/ -@47/ 0C;0=409.0 49 ,=0,> 7460 0,=?3<@,60V ,110.?0/ y4.3@,9 ?3,? ?30D 90A0= 9:=8,77D 3,A0 ?480 1:= -0.,@>0 ?30D ,=0 ?:: -@>D ,? B:=6W tmu> 7460 ?30 l0/0=,?4:9 .:@7/ >@;;:=? ?30 ;=:50.?> -0.,@>0 ?30D ,=0 .=0/4-70U 948-70U ,9/ .:@7/ >006 B,D> ?: 20? 1@9/492 1:= >@.3 09?0=;=4>0>W z309 ?30D B:@7/ 900/ ?: >;4.0 4? @; ,> , 2=0,? :;;:=?@94?D ?: ,??=,.? ?,709?U 24A492 4? , =0>@8HV-@47/492 >;49 >: ?3,? ;0:;70 69:B 4?M> =0>;0.?,-70 ,9/ 80,94921@7W
}3,? /: D:@ ?3496 08;7:D0=> ,=0 7::6492 1:= 8:>? ,? ;=0>09?e
n,j v F:;@= F:7K I3@F F:7 ;@;F;3F;H7 FA 9A GB FA F:7 ?3@397?7@F 3@6 E3K\ Pv 53@ E77 3 BDA4>7? F:7D7^ p3@ v :7>B KAG EA>H7 ;FlQ g9/=0BM> 80>>,20 14?> A4=?@,77D ,77 .,9/4/,?0>W y00 , ;=:-708 ,9/ >@220>? , >:7@?4:9W o?Q> , 60D 1:= >@..0>>1@7 08;7:D00>U =02,=/70>> :1 ?304= ?,709?W
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DOX XNK MVTYSJ VYSSOSM? b ifbewismrfpxq betjdf gnp rnebvxq fdnmnlv n?A@9 F:7 ?3@K KAG@9 B7AB>7 673>;@9 I;F: FD3@E;F;A@E 6GD;@9 83>>AGF 8DA? F:7 8;@3@5;3> 5D;E;E\ F:7 F3>7@F76 I;>> 47 ;@ F:7 47EF BAE;F;A@ FA D75AH7D^ ,A :;F F:7 9DAG@6 DG@@;@9 I:7@ F:7 IADEF 38F7DE:A5=E :3H7 B3EE76\ F:7K I;>> @776 FA :3H7 >73D@76 8DA? 4AF: 9AA6 3@6 436 7JB7D;7@57E\ 47 E7>8]3I3D7\ BDA35F;H7 3@6 >AK3>^ n@6 F:7 D73> F3>7@F I;>> :3H7 5AGD397^ ,:3F ?3K ?73@ F:7 5AGD397 FA 47 6;887D7@F^ rH7DK 67F7D?;@76 <A4]E77=7D E:AG>6 F3=7 @AF7 A8 F:;E EAG@6 36H;57 8DA? :736]:G@F7D n@6D7I ,EG;\ p:3;D?3@ A8 xAD@_s7DDK YuxZ^ n@6D7I ,EG; i3,4=8,9U q:=9Xl0==D o9?0=9,?4:9,7 RnqS r?/
v F:;@= F:7D7 ?3K :3H7 477@ FAA ?G5: 7?B:3E;E A@ I73>F: 5D73F;A@ 3E 3 ?73EGD7 A8 EG557EE ;@ F:7 B3EF^ z3K47 8DA? @AI A@ F:7D7 I;>> 47 ?AD7 IAD=_>;87 43>3@57^ ,:7 E7F A8 H3>G7E :7D7 :3E 5:3@976 AH7D F:7 K73DE^ zAD7 B7AB>7 3D7 ;@F7D7EF76 ;@ F:7 7@H;DA@?7@F 3@6 :3H;@9 3 43>3@576 >;87EFK>7 D3F:7D F:3@ ?3J;?;L;@9 F:7;D 73D@;@9 53B35;FK^ n:B /4/ D:@ -0.:80 , 30,/V3@9?0=e n,j o <@,74140/ ,> , .3,=?0=0/ ,..:@9?,9? ,9/ ,1?0= ?09 D0,=> o 107? o B,> .7:>0= ?: ?30 ;0:;70 >4/0 :1 ?30 -@>490>> ?3,9 ?30 9@8-0=> >4/0U >: o 8,/0 , 10B ?=,9>4?4:9> 8D>071 -01:=0 7,9/492 :9 >:80?3492 o =0,77D 7460U B34.3 4> ;0:;70V:=409?0/ -@>490>>W
j:0> q:=9Xl0==DM> /,?,-,>0 49.7@/0 D:@92 ;0:;70e n,j }0 3,A0 , >@->4/4,=D .,770/ d/./,vn.v+ ,9/ 3,A0 /:90 >:80 =0.=@4?809? :1 1=0>3 2=,/@,?0>U -@? B0 @>@,77D 7::6 1:= ;0:;70 B4?3 , 10B D0,=> :1 0C;0=409.0 B3: ,=0 >?477 49 ?304= [Y> ,9/ \Y>W
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36H7DE;FK\ ;@@7D EFD7@9F:^ ,A F:;@= BAE;F;H7 3@6 47 5A@8;67@F 3D7 H7DK ;?BADF3@F 3FFD;4GF7E^S j: D:@ ?3496 ;0:;70 ,=0 -:=9 B4?3 ?30>0 ,??=4-@?0>e n,j t:U ?30D 3,A0 B3,? B0 .,77 70,=9492 ,2474?DW z30D 70,=9 1=:8 ;,>? 0C;0=409.0U 2::/ := -,/U .,9 =0170.? :9 4?U ,9/ 49?0=9,74E0 4?W g9/ 41 >:80:90 /:0>9M? -09.38,=6 B077 4? 8423? -0 -0.,@>0 :1 .:9/4?4:9492 -D ?30 09A4=:9809? ?: -03,A0 49 .0=?,49 B,D>W
j: D:@ 149/ ?3,? ?30 ?,709?0/ ,=0U :9 ?30 B3:70U L;0:;70M ;0:;70e n,j t:? 90.0>>,=47DU -@? 49 2090=,7 , 7:? :1 ?,709?0/ ;0:;70 ,=0 .:914/09? 49 ?304= ?,709? ,9/ ?3,?M> B3D 4?M> 48;:=?,9? ?: 092,20 49 ,77 >:=?> :1 ,.?4A4?40> >: ?3,? ?30D 70,=9 8:=0 ,-:@? ?308>07A0>U B3,? 0110.? ?30D 3,A0 :9 :?30=>U 70,=9 3:B ?: 20? ,7:92 B4?3 :?30=>W
}3,? ,/A4.0 B:@7/ D:@ :110= ?: , D:@92>?0= B3: B,> .:9A49.0/ ?3,? 30 := >30 3,/ >:80?3492 ?: :110=U -@? B,> 9:? 20??492 :9 ,> B077 ,> 0C;0.?0/e n,j g 7:? :1 ;0:;70 1007 1=@>?=,?0/ := =050.?0/ B309 ?30D /:9M? 1007 7460/W z30D >3:@7/ ,>6 ?308>07A0>U LB3D ,=0 ?30>0 ;0:;70 =0,.?492 ?34> B,D ?: 80eM g>6 ?09 1=409/>U ?0,.30=>U .:,.30>U , =0;=0>09?,?4A0 >,8;70 :1 ?3:>0 D:@ .:80 49?: .:9?,.? B4?3U ?: >,D B3,? ?30D ?3496 D:@ B:@7/ -0 2::/ ,? ,9/ B3,? ?30D ?3496 B:@7/9M? -0 LD:@WM ~:@M77 149/ , ;=0??D .:9>4>?09? LD:@M 080=20> 1=:8 B3,? ?30D >,DW
}3,? ,-:@? >:80:90 B3: 4> 8,6492 , -42 .,=00= ?=,9>4?4:9e n:B .,9 ?30D ;=0;,=0 ?308>07A0> B4?3 ?30 =423? >6477> 1:= ?30 .=:>>=:,/> ,30,/e
R ^^^6;E3EF7D]D7>;78^^^5AG>6 47@78;F 8DA? F:7 F3>7@F BAA> 5D73F76 4K >3K]A88E ^^^4G;>6 7JB7D;7@57 ;@ 3D73E >;=7 73DF:CG3=7] 38875F76 +;5:G3@ F:3F F:7K @7H7D @AD?3>>K :3H7
F;?7 8AD^^^{t|E >;=7 F:7 s767D3F;A@ 5AG>6 EGBBADF BDA<75FE 4753GE7 F:7K 3D7 5D76;4>7 3@6 @;?4>7k EB;576 GB\ ;FXE 3 9D73F ABBADFG@;FK FA 3FFD35F F3>7@F\ 3@6 :3E 3 D7EG?M] 4G;>6;@9 EB;@ EA F:3F B7AB>7 =@AI ;FQE D7EB75F34>7 3@6 ?73@;@98G>^S n,j s,9D ;0:;70 /: B3,? ?304= ;,=09?> ,9/ ;00=> B,9? ?308 ?: /: ,9/ ,1?0= ?09 D0,=> := >: ?30D =0,74E0 4?M> 5@>? 9:? 1:= ?308 ,9/ ?30D 3,A0 ?: 8,60 , ?=,9>4?4:9W z30=0M> 9:?3492 B=:92 49 ?3,?W g> 1:= >6477>U 2::/ 7,92@,20 ,9/ .:88@94.,?4:9 >6477> ,=0 A0=D 48;:=?,9?U -@? 9:9VA0=-,7 >6477> /:9M? ,7B,D> 2: ?:20?30= B4?3 2::/ 7,92@,20 >6477>W r0,/0=>34; >6477> ?::U ?,6492 ?30 494?4,?4A0U 0C;7:=492 90B 4/0,> ,9/ ,9,7DE492 ,77 ?30 ;:>>4-70 B,D> :@?U /0.4>4:9V8,6492U .:@=,20W
l:= >:80U , -42 .3,920 ,9/ -0492 :@? :1 B:=6 8423? 80,9 8:=0 >;,=0 ?480 -@? 1:= ?3:>0 B4?3 5:->U 49 ?30 ;=0>09? 0.:9:84. .748,?0U /: D:@ ?3496 ?3,? B:=6X7410 -,7,9.0 >?,9/> , .3,9.0e n,j o ?3496 ?30=0 8,D 3,A0 -009 ?:: 8@.3 08;3,>4> :9 B0,7?3 .=0,?4:9 ,> , 80,>@=0 :1 >@..0>> 49 ?30 ;,>?W s,D-0 1=:8 9:B :9 ?30=0 B477 -0 8:=0 B:=6X7410 -,7,9.0W z30 >0? :1 A,7@0> 30=0 3,> .3,920/ :A0= ?30 D0,=>W s:=0 ;0:;70 ,=0 49?0=0>?0/ 49
?30 09A4=:9809? ,9/ 3,A492 , -,7,9.0/ 7410>?D70 =,?30= ?3,9 8,C484E492 ?304= 0,=9492 .,;,.4?DW
n:B .:@7/ ?3,? B:=6 :@?e n,j o ?3496 ?30=0 ,=0 .0=?,49 ,=0,>U >@.3 ,> /4>,>?0=V=07401U ?3,? .:@7/ -09014? 1=:8 ?30 ?,709? ;::7 .=0,?0/ -D 7,DV:11>W z,709?0/ D:@92 ;0:;70 49 , ?=,9>4?4:9 ;0=4:/ .:@7/ -@47/ 0C;0=409.0 49 ,=0,> 7460 0,=?3<@,60V ,110.?0/ y4.3@,9 ?3,? ?30D 90A0= 9:=8,77D 3,A0 ?480 1:= -0.,@>0 ?30D ,=0 ?:: -@>D ,? B:=6W tmu> 7460 ?30 l0/0=,?4:9 .:@7/ >@;;:=? ?30 ;=:50.?> -0.,@>0 ?30D ,=0 .=0/4-70U 948-70U ,9/ .:@7/ >006 B,D> ?: 20? 1@9/492 1:= >@.3 09?0=;=4>0>W z309 ?30D B:@7/ 900/ ?: >;4.0 4? @; ,> , 2=0,? :;;:=?@94?D ?: ,??=,.? ?,709?U 24A492 4? , =0>@8HV-@47/492 >;49 >: ?3,? ;0:;70 69:B 4?M> =0>;0.?,-70 ,9/ 80,94921@7W
}3,? /: D:@ ?3496 08;7:D0=> ,=0 7::6492 1:= 8:>? ,? ;=0>09?e
n,j v F:;@= F:7K I3@F F:7 ;@;F;3F;H7 FA 9A GB FA F:7 ?3@397?7@F 3@6 E3K\ Pv 53@ E77 3 BDA4>7? F:7D7^ p3@ v :7>B KAG EA>H7 ;FlQ g9/=0BM> 80>>,20 14?> A4=?@,77D ,77 .,9/4/,?0>W y00 , ;=:-708 ,9/ >@220>? , >:7@?4:9W o?Q> , 60D 1:= >@..0>>1@7 08;7:D00>U =02,=/70>> :1 ?304= ?,709?W
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
6<
.:7FGD:
.:7FGD:
Ubc`ncha p[fo_mB qb_h cm x_hioaby _hioab> v@ F:7 83>>AGF 8DA? F:7 8;@3@5;3> 5D;E;E\ I7 3D7 G@67D9A;@9 3 E:;8F ;@ H3>G7E F:3F F:7 @7JF 97@7D3F;A@ @776E FA >73D@^ vF ;@HA>H7E D75A9@;L;@9 7J57EE 3@6 =@AI;@9 I:3F ;E EG88;5;7@F^ ,:;E 3DF;5>7 7JB>AD7E F:7 EF7BE ;@HA>H76j ?AH;@9 8DA? ;@6;E5;B>;@7 FA 6;E5;B>;@7\ ;DD7EBA@E;4;>;FK FA D7EBA@E;4;>;FK\ 3@6 8DA? G@355AG@F34;>;FK FA 355AG@F34;>;FK^ Mi ih_ l_[ffs ehiqm biq nb_ ]oll_hn `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm qcff \_ do^a_^ \s `onol_ bcmnilc[hm/ Aon ih_ nbcha cm ]f_[l; hi [h[fsmcm qiof^ \_ ]igjf_n_ qcnbion [ l_`_l_h]_ ni nb_ chil^ch[n_ f_p_fm i` al__^ [h^ jli`fca[]s nb[n jf[s_^ [ f[la_ j[ln ch nb_ ]lcmcm/
bow Ywkjkwoiq Zuuj|ot- `ilg_l Bbc_`
Si^[sym h[g_m qcff \_]ig_ nigilliqym cffomnl[ncihm i` biq al__^ q[m g[hc`_mn_^;
agsgrotmngs agpz- nb_ BDN i`
Wkwtgwj ^gjull- nb_ `ilg_l Bb[cl i` nb_ M@RC@P Rni]e Dr]b[ha_- jf_[^cha aocfns ni 22 ]b[la_m i` m_]olcnc_m `l[o^ nin[ffcha [h _mncg[n_^ TR|61 \cffcih/
bow Vrrgt bygtluwj- S_r[m \cffcih[cl_`[]cha ]b[la_m i` `l[o^ ch nb_ m[f_m i` TR|9 \cffcih bcab chn_l_mn ]_lnc`c][n_m i` ^_jimcnm cmmo_^ \s bcm iqh Rn[h`il^ Hhn_lh[ncih[f A[he- \[m_^ ch @hncao[/
Dr_]oncp_ i` QAR- [al__cha ni n[e_ _[lfs l_ncl_g_hn ch I[ho[ls 311: qcnb [h [hho[f j_hmcih i` [jjlircg[n_fs u811-111- [ gihnb \_`il_ QAR [hhioh]_^ nin[f fimm_m i` u35/2 \cffcih- nb_ f[la_mn [hho[f fimm ch TJ ]iljil[n_ bcmnils/
Hh^c[.\[m_^- afi\[f HS ]igj[hs R[ns[g Rsmn_gm- `l[o^of_hnfs ip_lmn[ncha nb_ ]igj[hsym l_p_ho_m [h^ jli`cnm- qbcf_ l_jilncha [ ][mb bif^cha i` [jjlircg[n_fs TR|2/15 \cffcih nb[n ^c^ hin _rcmn/
Vtjwkg _wik- [fiha qcnb mcr inb_l m_hcil _r_]oncp_m `lig nb_ chp_mng_hn \[he L_llcff Ksh]b- ]oll_hnfs oh^_l chp_mnca[ncih `il [ff_a_^fs l_]_cpcha \ihom_m i` h_[lfs TR|4/7 \cffcih- mbilnfs \_`il_ nb_ \[he q[m \[cf_^ ion i` nlio\f_ \s nb_ @g_lc][h n[rj[s_l/
@h^ qb[n [\ion nb_ g_h [h^ qig_h i` K_bg[h Alinb_lm> Nl @HF> Sb_ mnils cm [m s_n oh`chcmb_^/ Dp_h hiqgil_ [h^ gil_ ^_n[cfm [l_ _g_lacha nb[n `il]_ om ni mnij [h^ ]ihmc^_l biq mo]b [ `ch[h]c[f ][n[mnlijb_ q[m [ffiq_^ ni b[jj_h/ Sb_l_ b[m ni \_ [ f_mmih ch nbcm .. ih_ nb[n qcff b[p_ mcahc`c][h]_ `il nb_ h_rn a_h_l[ncih- _p_h c` cn cm ihfs ni jichn ion q[lhcha mcahm mi nb[n q_ gcabn [pic^ g[echa nb_ m[g_ gcmn[e_m [a[ch/ Hh l_nlimj_]n- ih_ i` nb_ gimn chn_l_mncha [mj_]nm i` nb_ `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm b[m \__h biq nb_ ][m_m [\ip_ q_l_ l_jiln_^ ch nb_ g_^c[/ @n `clmn- nb_ joh^cnm q_l_ koc]e ni [mmol_ nb_ jo\fc] nb[n nb_m_ q_l_ mcgjfs _r]_jncihm ni nb_ lof_m i` nb_ g[le_njf[]_/ Qiao_ nl[^_lm- [m cn q_l_/ Aon ch bch^mcabnq_ hiq ehiq nb[n nb_m_ [mmol[h]_m q_l_ biffiq/ Sb_m_ g_h .. L[^i`` _mj_]c[ffs..
[h^ qig_h q_l_ hin nb_ _r]_jncihm< nb_s _r_gjfc`c_^ qb[n m__g_^ ni b[p_ \_]ig_ nb_ hilg/ @h^ nb_ hilg nb[n nb_s l_jl_m_hn_^ q[m al__^/
f[n_mn `[mbcihm il forols cn_gm- g[hs i` om l_[ffs q[hn gil_- mcgjfs \_][om_ cn cm [p[cf[\f_- hin \_][om_ cn [^^m [hs al_[n_l p[fo_ ni iol fcp_m/
Min ihfs q_l_ nb_s- `clmn [h^ `il_gimnfchcha nb_cl iqh ji]e_nm _cnb_l nblioab `l[o^of_hn g_[hm il nblioab [ q[lj_^ m_hm_ i` _hncnf_g_hn- \on nb_s q_l_ [fmi _h]iol[acha nb_cl iqh chp_mnil ]fc_hnm ni mcgcf[l f_p_fm i` xboha_ly \s jligcmcha al_[n_l [h^ al_[n_l l_nolhm/ Sbom- qb_h nb_ ]l[mb i]]oll_^- nb_ l[gc`c][ncihm q_hn `[l \_sih^ nb_ mi.][ff_^ x`[n.][nmy/ Sb_s nio]b_^ il^ch[ls j_ijf_ [m q_ff/ Nh_ ][h [lao_ nb[n nb_ qilf^ym _]ihigc] msmn_g q[m \ois_^ \s [ ]iff_]ncp_ []]_jn[h]_ i` qb[n ][h \_ ][ff_^ al__^/
R Vb_l_ b[m ni \_ [ f_mmih ch nbcm w ih_ nb[n qcff b[p_ mcahc`c][h]_ `il nb_ h_rn a_h_l[ncih; S
Fl__^ cm l_[ffs [ nsj_ i` \_b[pciol qbc]b cm `o_ff_^ \s nb_ mnliha ^_mcl_ ni []kocl_ mig_nbcha ni _r]_mm/ Hn cm q[hncha gil_ nb[h qb[n cm a_h_l[ffs ]ih]_cp_^ i` [m x_hioab/y Sbcm cm [ nl[cn ]iggih ni _[]b i` om [h^ _rn_h^m \_sih^ nb_ g[le_njf[]_/ D[]b i` om- ch p[lciom q[sm- g[hc`_mnm nb_ ^_mcl_ `il gil_/ Vb_nb_l ch ]ip_ncha nb_ h_q_mn gi^_f i` gi\cf_ jbih_ il jf[mg[ SU- il ch \_cha n_gjn_^ \s nb_
\s K[embgc I[]in[
G[pcha xfinmy \_][g_ nb_ hilg [h^ q_ ^c^ hin ko_mncih nbcm/ Hn \_][g_ hilg[f ni ^_mcl_ mig_nbcha nb[n bcnb_lni m__g_^ oh[nn[ch[\f_ .. boa_ jli`cnm [h^ \ca l_nolhm ih chp_mng_hnm/ Ro^^_hfs cn m__g_^ nb[n gih_s q[m [p[cf[\f_ ni _p_lsih_- hin domn ][jn[chm i` ch^omnls il bcab i``c]c[fm- \on _p_h ni nb_ g[h.ch.nb_. mnl__n/ V_ [ff q[hn_^ [ mb[l_ i` qb[n q[m \_cha nion_^ [m [ fcgcnf_mm jc_/ Hn m__gm nb[n q_ b[^ fimn iol m_hm_ i` x_hioaby/
Eil nbim_ i` om qbi jf[s_^ nb_ mni]e g[le_nm [h^ g[^_ chp_mng_hnm- nb_l_ q[m [ mcgcf[l [nnl[]ncih/ V_ q[hn_^ gil_ [h^ gil_ .. ch nb_ `ilg i` jli`cnm .. `[l \_sih^ qb[n g[hs j_ijf_ ^__g_^ h_]_mm[ls il x_hioab/y Oms]bifiacmn C[pc^ Bib_h b[m [lao_^ nb[n mni]e g[le_nm [l_ p_ls i`n_h ^lcp_h \s ^__j.m_[n_^ _gincihm- ch]fo^cha al__^/2 G_ `olnb_l
Nh_ nbcha nb[n q_ mbiof^ \_ p_ls ]f_[l [\ion- _mj_]c[ffs qb_h cn ]ig_m ni _^o][ncha sioha j_ijf_- cm nb[n nb_l_ cm [ ]f_[l ^cmnch]ncih \_nq__h [ a_hoch_ ^_mcl_ `il `ch[h]c[f m_]olcns [h^ nb_ g[echa i` jli`cnm- [h^ nb_ chm[nc[\f_ [jj_ncn_ ni q[hn gil_ [h^ gil_cll_mj_]ncp_ i` h__^/
[lao_m nb[n \_][om_ nb_m_ [l_ hilg[f bog[h \_b[pciolm- [ ech^ i` b_l^ g_hn[fcns ][h nb_h ^_p_fij- [ffiqcha `il al_[n_l jo\fc] []]_jn[h]_/ Boll_h]s mnl[n_acmn- @h^l_c O_b[l- [fmi ]f[cgm nb[n _gincihm [h^ \_b[pciol- mo]b [m al__^^lcp_ nb_ g[le_n [h^ nb[n nbim_ qbi m__e \ca jli`cnm- ][h l_]iahct_ nb_m_ _gincihm [h^ \_b[pciolm ch inb_lm/3
Sbcm cm hin [fq[sm [h _[ms ^cmnch]ncih ni ^l[q/ Aon j_lb[jm hiq cm [ p_ls ijjilnoh_ ncg_ ni l_]ihmc^_l biq q_ nbche [\ion []kocmcncihm- qb_nb_l g[n_lc[f il gih_n[ls/ Miq cm nb_ \_mn ncg_ fiie [h_q [n nb_ p[fo_m [mmi]c[n_^ qcnb al__^ [h^ l_f_[lh biq ni g[e_ [ ^cmnch]ncih \_nq__h x_hioaby [h^ x_r]_mm/y Hn m__gm ]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
6=
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
6>
.:7FGD:
.:7FGD:
Ubc`ncha p[fo_mB qb_h cm x_hioaby _hioab> v@ F:7 83>>AGF 8DA? F:7 8;@3@5;3> 5D;E;E\ I7 3D7 G@67D9A;@9 3 E:;8F ;@ H3>G7E F:3F F:7 @7JF 97@7D3F;A@ @776E FA >73D@^ vF ;@HA>H7E D75A9@;L;@9 7J57EE 3@6 =@AI;@9 I:3F ;E EG88;5;7@F^ ,:;E 3DF;5>7 7JB>AD7E F:7 EF7BE ;@HA>H76j ?AH;@9 8DA? ;@6;E5;B>;@7 FA 6;E5;B>;@7\ ;DD7EBA@E;4;>;FK FA D7EBA@E;4;>;FK\ 3@6 8DA? G@355AG@F34;>;FK FA 355AG@F34;>;FK^ Mi ih_ l_[ffs ehiqm biq nb_ ]oll_hn `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm qcff \_ do^a_^ \s `onol_ bcmnilc[hm/ Aon ih_ nbcha cm ]f_[l; hi [h[fsmcm qiof^ \_ ]igjf_n_ qcnbion [ l_`_l_h]_ ni nb_ chil^ch[n_ f_p_fm i` al__^ [h^ jli`fca[]s nb[n jf[s_^ [ f[la_ j[ln ch nb_ ]lcmcm/
bow Ywkjkwoiq Zuuj|ot- `ilg_l Bbc_`
Si^[sym h[g_m qcff \_]ig_ nigilliqym cffomnl[ncihm i` biq al__^ q[m g[hc`_mn_^;
agsgrotmngs agpz- nb_ BDN i`
Wkwtgwj ^gjull- nb_ `ilg_l Bb[cl i` nb_ M@RC@P Rni]e Dr]b[ha_- jf_[^cha aocfns ni 22 ]b[la_m i` m_]olcnc_m `l[o^ nin[ffcha [h _mncg[n_^ TR|61 \cffcih/
bow Vrrgt bygtluwj- S_r[m \cffcih[cl_`[]cha ]b[la_m i` `l[o^ ch nb_ m[f_m i` TR|9 \cffcih bcab chn_l_mn ]_lnc`c][n_m i` ^_jimcnm cmmo_^ \s bcm iqh Rn[h`il^ Hhn_lh[ncih[f A[he- \[m_^ ch @hncao[/
Dr_]oncp_ i` QAR- [al__cha ni n[e_ _[lfs l_ncl_g_hn ch I[ho[ls 311: qcnb [h [hho[f j_hmcih i` [jjlircg[n_fs u811-111- [ gihnb \_`il_ QAR [hhioh]_^ nin[f fimm_m i` u35/2 \cffcih- nb_ f[la_mn [hho[f fimm ch TJ ]iljil[n_ bcmnils/
Hh^c[.\[m_^- afi\[f HS ]igj[hs R[ns[g Rsmn_gm- `l[o^of_hnfs ip_lmn[ncha nb_ ]igj[hsym l_p_ho_m [h^ jli`cnm- qbcf_ l_jilncha [ ][mb bif^cha i` [jjlircg[n_fs TR|2/15 \cffcih nb[n ^c^ hin _rcmn/
Vtjwkg _wik- [fiha qcnb mcr inb_l m_hcil _r_]oncp_m `lig nb_ chp_mng_hn \[he L_llcff Ksh]b- ]oll_hnfs oh^_l chp_mnca[ncih `il [ff_a_^fs l_]_cpcha \ihom_m i` h_[lfs TR|4/7 \cffcih- mbilnfs \_`il_ nb_ \[he q[m \[cf_^ ion i` nlio\f_ \s nb_ @g_lc][h n[rj[s_l/
@h^ qb[n [\ion nb_ g_h [h^ qig_h i` K_bg[h Alinb_lm> Nl @HF> Sb_ mnils cm [m s_n oh`chcmb_^/ Dp_h hiqgil_ [h^ gil_ ^_n[cfm [l_ _g_lacha nb[n `il]_ om ni mnij [h^ ]ihmc^_l biq mo]b [ `ch[h]c[f ][n[mnlijb_ q[m [ffiq_^ ni b[jj_h/ Sb_l_ b[m ni \_ [ f_mmih ch nbcm .. ih_ nb[n qcff b[p_ mcahc`c][h]_ `il nb_ h_rn a_h_l[ncih- _p_h c` cn cm ihfs ni jichn ion q[lhcha mcahm mi nb[n q_ gcabn [pic^ g[echa nb_ m[g_ gcmn[e_m [a[ch/ Hh l_nlimj_]n- ih_ i` nb_ gimn chn_l_mncha [mj_]nm i` nb_ `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm b[m \__h biq nb_ ][m_m [\ip_ q_l_ l_jiln_^ ch nb_ g_^c[/ @n `clmn- nb_ joh^cnm q_l_ koc]e ni [mmol_ nb_ jo\fc] nb[n nb_m_ q_l_ mcgjfs _r]_jncihm ni nb_ lof_m i` nb_ g[le_njf[]_/ Qiao_ nl[^_lm- [m cn q_l_/ Aon ch bch^mcabnq_ hiq ehiq nb[n nb_m_ [mmol[h]_m q_l_ biffiq/ Sb_m_ g_h .. L[^i`` _mj_]c[ffs..
[h^ qig_h q_l_ hin nb_ _r]_jncihm< nb_s _r_gjfc`c_^ qb[n m__g_^ ni b[p_ \_]ig_ nb_ hilg/ @h^ nb_ hilg nb[n nb_s l_jl_m_hn_^ q[m al__^/
f[n_mn `[mbcihm il forols cn_gm- g[hs i` om l_[ffs q[hn gil_- mcgjfs \_][om_ cn cm [p[cf[\f_- hin \_][om_ cn [^^m [hs al_[n_l p[fo_ ni iol fcp_m/
Min ihfs q_l_ nb_s- `clmn [h^ `il_gimnfchcha nb_cl iqh ji]e_nm _cnb_l nblioab `l[o^of_hn g_[hm il nblioab [ q[lj_^ m_hm_ i` _hncnf_g_hn- \on nb_s q_l_ [fmi _h]iol[acha nb_cl iqh chp_mnil ]fc_hnm ni mcgcf[l f_p_fm i` xboha_ly \s jligcmcha al_[n_l [h^ al_[n_l l_nolhm/ Sbom- qb_h nb_ ]l[mb i]]oll_^- nb_ l[gc`c][ncihm q_hn `[l \_sih^ nb_ mi.][ff_^ x`[n.][nmy/ Sb_s nio]b_^ il^ch[ls j_ijf_ [m q_ff/ Nh_ ][h [lao_ nb[n nb_ qilf^ym _]ihigc] msmn_g q[m \ois_^ \s [ ]iff_]ncp_ []]_jn[h]_ i` qb[n ][h \_ ][ff_^ al__^/
R Vb_l_ b[m ni \_ [ f_mmih ch nbcm w ih_ nb[n qcff b[p_ mcahc`c][h]_ `il nb_ h_rn a_h_l[ncih; S
Fl__^ cm l_[ffs [ nsj_ i` \_b[pciol qbc]b cm `o_ff_^ \s nb_ mnliha ^_mcl_ ni []kocl_ mig_nbcha ni _r]_mm/ Hn cm q[hncha gil_ nb[h qb[n cm a_h_l[ffs ]ih]_cp_^ i` [m x_hioab/y Sbcm cm [ nl[cn ]iggih ni _[]b i` om [h^ _rn_h^m \_sih^ nb_ g[le_njf[]_/ D[]b i` om- ch p[lciom q[sm- g[hc`_mnm nb_ ^_mcl_ `il gil_/ Vb_nb_l ch ]ip_ncha nb_ h_q_mn gi^_f i` gi\cf_ jbih_ il jf[mg[ SU- il ch \_cha n_gjn_^ \s nb_
\s K[embgc I[]in[
G[pcha xfinmy \_][g_ nb_ hilg [h^ q_ ^c^ hin ko_mncih nbcm/ Hn \_][g_ hilg[f ni ^_mcl_ mig_nbcha nb[n bcnb_lni m__g_^ oh[nn[ch[\f_ .. boa_ jli`cnm [h^ \ca l_nolhm ih chp_mng_hnm/ Ro^^_hfs cn m__g_^ nb[n gih_s q[m [p[cf[\f_ ni _p_lsih_- hin domn ][jn[chm i` ch^omnls il bcab i``c]c[fm- \on _p_h ni nb_ g[h.ch.nb_. mnl__n/ V_ [ff q[hn_^ [ mb[l_ i` qb[n q[m \_cha nion_^ [m [ fcgcnf_mm jc_/ Hn m__gm nb[n q_ b[^ fimn iol m_hm_ i` x_hioaby/
Eil nbim_ i` om qbi jf[s_^ nb_ mni]e g[le_nm [h^ g[^_ chp_mng_hnm- nb_l_ q[m [ mcgcf[l [nnl[]ncih/ V_ q[hn_^ gil_ [h^ gil_ .. ch nb_ `ilg i` jli`cnm .. `[l \_sih^ qb[n g[hs j_ijf_ ^__g_^ h_]_mm[ls il x_hioab/y Oms]bifiacmn C[pc^ Bib_h b[m [lao_^ nb[n mni]e g[le_nm [l_ p_ls i`n_h ^lcp_h \s ^__j.m_[n_^ _gincihm- ch]fo^cha al__^/2 G_ `olnb_l
Nh_ nbcha nb[n q_ mbiof^ \_ p_ls ]f_[l [\ion- _mj_]c[ffs qb_h cn ]ig_m ni _^o][ncha sioha j_ijf_- cm nb[n nb_l_ cm [ ]f_[l ^cmnch]ncih \_nq__h [ a_hoch_ ^_mcl_ `il `ch[h]c[f m_]olcns [h^ nb_ g[echa i` jli`cnm- [h^ nb_ chm[nc[\f_ [jj_ncn_ ni q[hn gil_ [h^ gil_cll_mj_]ncp_ i` h__^/
[lao_m nb[n \_][om_ nb_m_ [l_ hilg[f bog[h \_b[pciolm- [ ech^ i` b_l^ g_hn[fcns ][h nb_h ^_p_fij- [ffiqcha `il al_[n_l jo\fc] []]_jn[h]_/ Boll_h]s mnl[n_acmn- @h^l_c O_b[l- [fmi ]f[cgm nb[n _gincihm [h^ \_b[pciol- mo]b [m al__^^lcp_ nb_ g[le_n [h^ nb[n nbim_ qbi m__e \ca jli`cnm- ][h l_]iahct_ nb_m_ _gincihm [h^ \_b[pciolm ch inb_lm/3
Sbcm cm hin [fq[sm [h _[ms ^cmnch]ncih ni ^l[q/ Aon j_lb[jm hiq cm [ p_ls ijjilnoh_ ncg_ ni l_]ihmc^_l biq q_ nbche [\ion []kocmcncihm- qb_nb_l g[n_lc[f il gih_n[ls/ Miq cm nb_ \_mn ncg_ fiie [h_q [n nb_ p[fo_m [mmi]c[n_^ qcnb al__^ [h^ l_f_[lh biq ni g[e_ [ ^cmnch]ncih \_nq__h x_hioaby [h^ x_r]_mm/y Hn m__gm ]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
6=
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
6>
.:7FGD:
.:7FGD:
nb[n c` q_ [l_ [\f_ ni ^i nbcm- c` q_ [l_ [\f_ ni ]f_[lfs oh^_lmn[h^ qb_h x_hioab cm _hioab-y nb_h q_ gcabn [fmi \_ [\f_ ni b_fj `onol_ a_h_l[ncihm [pic^ g[echa mcgcf[l gcmn[e_m/
q_ fimn mcabn i` qb[n q[m _hioab/ V_ [ffiq_^ iol \_b[pciol [h^ p[fo_m ni z]limm nb_ fch_-{ [m A[nmnih_ m[sm- [h^ nbcm q[m nb_h iol ^iqh`[ff/
@]]il^cha ni Oli`_mmil C[p_ A[nmnih_ i` nb_ Thcp_lmcns i` R[h El[h]cm]i- al__^ b[m cnm iqh \ioh^[lc_m nb[n [l_ hin [fq[sm _[ms ni ^_`ch_/ Vb[n b_ m[sm qcff \_ kocn_ `[gcfc[l ni [ff i` om; zV_ q[hn iol ec^m ni \_ ]igj_ncncp_- \on q_ ^ihyn q[hn nb_g ni ]b_[n ni qch/ H nbche al__^ cm nb_ m[g_ nbcha- q_ ][ff cn _hnl_jl_h_olc[fcmg///\on qb_h cn ]limm_m [ fch_ q_ ][ff cn al__^/{ @h^ nb_ fch_ nb[n A[nmnih_ cm l_`_llcha ni cm qb_h lof_m [l_ \lie_h mcgjfs `il zq_[fnb ]l_[ncih/{4
@m sioha j_ijf_ ]ihn_gjf[n_ biq ni m[s x_hioab cm _hioab-y nb_ p[fo_m nb[n q_ h__^ ni \_ _mjiomcha \_]ig_ p_ls ]f_[l/ Eclmn i` [ff q_ h__^ ni mnl_mm nb_ p[fo_ i` ^cm]cjfch_/ Ccm]cjfch_ cm hin ihfs [\ion \_b[pciol- \on [fmi [\ion ehiqf_^a_/ Sb_ ehiqf_^a_ i` biq [h^ qb_l_ iol chp_mng_hnm [l_ \_cha g[^_/ V_ h__^ ni \_ ^cm]cjfch_^ _hioab ni ehiq biq ni m[p_- l[nb_l nb[h [fq[sm q[hncha ni ]ihmog_/ Sb_ fch_ \_nq__h qb[n cm _hioab [h^ qb[n cm _r]_mmcp_ b[m l_[jj_[l_^/ Ecr_^ ^_jimcnm qcnb fiq _rj_]n[ncihm i` l_nolh b[p_ l_jf[]_^ bcab.lcme chp_mng_hnm/ Ccm]cjfch_ qcff jligin_ nb_ ][onciom chp_mnill[nb_l nb[h nb_ l_]ef_mm a[g\f_l/
Vcnb l_a[l^ ni nb_ ]oll_hn mcno[ncih- q_ m__ p_ls ]f_[lfs biq nbcm fch_ b[m \__h ]limm_^/ V_ niie iol xboha_ly `il `ch[h]c[f m_]olcns [h^ nb_h aila_^ ni _r]_mm/ V_ [ffiq_^ ]_ln[ch p[fo_m ni ]fio^ iol do^a_g_hn- qbc]b ch g[hs inb_l ]cl]ogmn[h]_mq_ qiof^ h_p_l b[p_ ^ih_/
R ;;;c` q_ [l_ [\f_ ni ]f_[lfs oh^_lmn[h^ qb_h x_hioab cm _hioab9y nb_h q_ gcabn [fmi \_ [\f_ ni b_fj `onol_ a_h_l[ncihm [pic^ g[echa mcgcf[l gcmn[e_m; S Fl__^ g[^_ om oh^cm]cjfch_^ ch iol ionfiie/ V_ q_l_- kocn_ `l[hefs- p_ls b[jjs ni ip_lfiie nb_ ^_n[cfm i` biq _r[]nfs chp_mng_hnm q_l_ g[^_ il biq jli`cnm q_l_ []kocl_^/ Fl__^ g[^_ om cll_mjihmc\f_ ch iol \_b[pciol/ V_ nbioabn hinbcha i` g[echa nb_ _r]om_ nb[n ^_n[cfm q_l_ nii xn_]bhc][f/y Fl__^ b_fj_^ om \_]ig_ oh[]]iohn[\f_/ V_ ihfs q[hn_^ nb_ \ca l_nolhm- [h^ ^_hc_^ [hs ehiqf_^a_ i` biq nb_s q_l_ []bc_p_^/ Fl__^ g[^_ om fim_ iol j_lmih[f \_h]bg[le i` gil[fcns/ V_ q_l_ ]ihn_hn ni n[e_ al_[n_l [h^ al_[n_l lcmem \_][om_ nb_ _h^ l_mofn q[m [ bcab `ch[h]c[f l_nolh/ As ^_mclcha nbcham ni _r]_mm-
75
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
R Y_ ehiq chmnch]ncp_fs qb_h q_ b[p_ ]limm_^ nb_ fch_; Dh^ q_ qiof^ [ff ^i q_ff ni `iffiq iol ]ihm]c_h]_m;;; S V_ [fmi h__^ ni _h]iol[a_ nb_ p[fo_ i` l_mjihmc\cfcns- hin ihfs [gihamn chp_mnilm- \on [fmi ]ihmog_lm/ Sb_ _r]om_ i` cahil[h]_ cm hi fiha_l n_h[\f_/ H` q_ [l_ qcffcha ni chp_mn iol b[l^._[lh_^ gih_s ch p[lciom m]b_g_m [h^ jlial[gg_m- q_ gomn [fmi \_ qcffcha- ch^__^ q_ mbiof^ `__f i\fca_^ ni oh^_lmn[h^ biq nb_s qile/ V_ h__^ ni jligin_ nb_ p[fo_ i` []]iohn[\cfcns/ Sbcm cm _mj_]c[ffs nlo_ hin ihfs `il iolm_fp_m- \on `il nb_ ]iljil[ncihm- chmncnoncihm [h^ ch^cpc^o[fm ni qbig q_ _hnlomn iol _[lhcham/ Eil [ fiha ncg_- ]iljil[ncihm ch]fo^cha \[hem [h^ chp_mng_hn biom_m b[p_ jimnof[n_^ nb_ p[fo_m i` ]iljil[n_ aip_lh[h]_/ Miq cm nb_ ncg_ ni bif^ nb_g []]iohn[\f_/ V_ gomn chmcmn- [fiha qcnb aip_lhg_hnm [h^ ch^omnls q[n]b^iam- nb[n Bi^_m i` Bih^o]n
[l_ _h`il]_^/ V_ gomn \_ [^[g[hn nb[n [ff nbim_ ]iljil[n_ dchaf_m [h^ [^p_lncm_g_hnm qbc]b j_^^f_ chn_alcns- ]b[l[]n_l^_j_h^[\cfcns [h^ l_fc[h]_ [l_ []no[fct_^/ Hn cm ncg_ `il ]l_^c\cfcns ni \_ l_mnil_^/ Ech[ffs- q_ h__^ ni ojbif^ iol iqh j_lmih[f \_h]bg[le i` gil[fcns/ Sbcm cm mig_nbcha nb[n ][hhin \_ n[oabn- \on ][h \_ l_cn_l[n_^/ V_ ehiq chmnch]ncp_fs qb_h q_ b[p_ ]limm_^ nb_ fch_/ @h^ q_ qiof^ [ff ^i q_ff ni `iffiq iol ]ihm]c_h]_m qbc]b gcabn nlcaa_l [f[lg \_ffm qb_h jli`cnm [l_ \_cha \fch^fs jolmo_^ il qb_h mjolciom []]iohncha [h^ ^o\ciom _nbc][f ^_]cmcihm [l_ \_cha g[^_/ Sb_l_ b[m [fl_[^s \__h [ mbc`n i` gii^/ @ ]iljil[n_ l_jiln jo\fcmb_^ ch @g_lc][- bcabfcabn_^ qb[n q[m ][ff_^ [ za_hoch_ p[fo_ mbc`n-{ jl_^c]ncha nb[n zXqYb_l_[m nb_ \_achhcha i` nb_ ^_][^_ qcff \_ l_g_g\_l_^ [m [h _l[ i` al__^- nb_ _h^ i` nb_ ^_][^_ qcff \_ g[le_^ \s [ l_nolh ni [ ]ofnol_ i` l_mjihmc\cfcns/{5
R Vb_ nlonb cm9 al__^ qcff h_p_l \_ aii^; Jl__^ cm hin lcabn [h^ al__^ ^i_m hin qile; Dh^ nbcm cm mol_fs [ mbc`n ch iol p[fo_m nb[n q_ qiof^ ^i q_ff ni j[mm ih ni nb_ h_rn a_h_l[ncih; S
Hafce[ Hp[hip[- [ l_m_[l]b_l [n nb_ B[h[^c[h B_hnl_ `il Oifc]s @fn_lh[ncp_m- ^_]f[l_m nb[n nb_ ]oll_hn ]lcmcm qcff \lcha [\ion [ mbc`n ch p[fo_m- qcnb zch^cpc^o[fcmg ^cm]l_^cn_^ [h^ [ mnliha_l _gjb[mcm ih ]iff_]ncp_ mifoncihm/{6 H` mb_ cm lcabnnb_h nb_m_ ]iff_]ncp_ mifoncihm gomn ch]fo^_ pcacf[h]_ ih nb_ q[s _]ihigc_m qile/ Hh nb_ 2:98 Nfcp_l Rnih_ `cfg 14?? .GE88G- [ sioha jlinvav _gof[n_m bcm mo]]_mm`of \on ko_mncih[\f_ g_hnil/ Sb_ g_hnil oh^_ln[e_m ^o\ciom \omch_mm ^_[fm ch nb_ h[g_ i` `ch[h]c[f nlcogjb [h^ gih_n[ls a[ch/ @fnbioab gil_ nb[h 31 s_[lm if^nb_ cggiln[f fch_m onn_l_^ \s nb_ jlin[aihcmn- ]iljil[n_ l[c^_l Fil^ih F_eei- [l_ [ ]bcffcha mogg[ncih i` biq ni^[sym `ch[h]c[f g_mm q[m g[hc`_mn_^; /;8 CB<AG <Fd ?47<8F 4A7 :8AG?8@8Ad G;4G :E887d 9BE ?46> B9 4 58GG8E JBE7d <F :BB7f xE887 <F E<:;Gf xE887 JBE>Ffm H` nb_ L[^i``m- Rn[h`il^m [h^ Fii^qchm- [giha g[hs inb_lmgcabn b[p_ nbioabn nb_s q_l_ ih ni mig_nbcha qb_h nb_ g[le_nm q_l_ [n nb_cl gimn \offcmb- nb_s . [fiha qcnb F_eei . q_l_ [ff mi qliha/ Sb_ nlonb cm- al__^ qcff h_p_l \_ aii^/ Fl__^ cm hin lcabn [h^ al__^ ^i_m hin qile/ @h^ nbcm cm mol_fs [ mbc`n ch iol p[fo_m nb[n q_ qiof^ ^i q_ff ni j[mm ih ni nb_ h_rn a_h_l[ncih; biq ni n_ff qb_h _hioab cm _hioab/
2
Bib_h- C[pc^/ w84Ed xE887 4A7 ,4A<6q /;8 ,FL6;B?B:L B9 G;8 .GB6> ~4E>8Gf Iibh Vcf_s- 3112/
3
O_b[l- @h^l_c/ zSl[^cha jms]bifias; al__^ [h^ `_[l/ `rJhcabn/]ig- I[ho[ls 27- 311:/ bnnj;00qqq/`il_rbioh^/]ig0[lnc]f_/]`g>[lnc]f_HC=233678 +[]]_mm_^ L[l]b 27- 311:,
4
I[g_m- Lc]b[_f R/ zHm Fl__^ Dp_l Fii^>{ rst *8JF -8CBEGd @oaomn 33- 3113/ bnnj;00]fo\m/[ho/_^o/[o0]fo\m0M[pca[nilm0L[n_lc[f0Hm}31Fl__^}31Dp_l}31Fii^/j^` +[]]_mm_^ L[l]b 7- 311:,
5
zN\[g[ [h^ `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm ^lcp_ h_q ]ihmog_l p[fo_m{ ch wBB7 w?4IBEF 4A7 zA:E87<8AGF +HG?BB> iggp \s B[lifch_ R]inn.Sbig[m- E_\lo[ls 4- 311:/ bnnj;00qqq/honl[chal_^c_hnm.om[/]ig0Bihmog_l.Sl_h^m0N\[g[.[h^.`ch[h]c[f.]lcmcm.^lcp_.h_q.]ihmog_l.p[fo_m.m[sm.l_jiln +[]]_mm_^ L[l]b 7- 311:,
6
Qimfch- @f_r/ zD]ihigc] ]lcmcm g[s mbc`n mi]c_nsym ^cl_]ncih{ ch Rnl[cabn/]ig/ bnnj;00qqq/mnl[cabn/]ig0hi^_0283494 +[]]_mm_^ L[l]b 7- 311:,
7
14?? .GE88G/ Ccl/ Nfcp_l Rnih_/ 31nb B_hnols Eir- 2:98/
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
76
.:7FGD:
.:7FGD:
nb[n c` q_ [l_ [\f_ ni ^i nbcm- c` q_ [l_ [\f_ ni ]f_[lfs oh^_lmn[h^ qb_h x_hioab cm _hioab-y nb_h q_ gcabn [fmi \_ [\f_ ni b_fj `onol_ a_h_l[ncihm [pic^ g[echa mcgcf[l gcmn[e_m/
q_ fimn mcabn i` qb[n q[m _hioab/ V_ [ffiq_^ iol \_b[pciol [h^ p[fo_m ni z]limm nb_ fch_-{ [m A[nmnih_ m[sm- [h^ nbcm q[m nb_h iol ^iqh`[ff/
@]]il^cha ni Oli`_mmil C[p_ A[nmnih_ i` nb_ Thcp_lmcns i` R[h El[h]cm]i- al__^ b[m cnm iqh \ioh^[lc_m nb[n [l_ hin [fq[sm _[ms ni ^_`ch_/ Vb[n b_ m[sm qcff \_ kocn_ `[gcfc[l ni [ff i` om; zV_ q[hn iol ec^m ni \_ ]igj_ncncp_- \on q_ ^ihyn q[hn nb_g ni ]b_[n ni qch/ H nbche al__^ cm nb_ m[g_ nbcha- q_ ][ff cn _hnl_jl_h_olc[fcmg///\on qb_h cn ]limm_m [ fch_ q_ ][ff cn al__^/{ @h^ nb_ fch_ nb[n A[nmnih_ cm l_`_llcha ni cm qb_h lof_m [l_ \lie_h mcgjfs `il zq_[fnb ]l_[ncih/{4
@m sioha j_ijf_ ]ihn_gjf[n_ biq ni m[s x_hioab cm _hioab-y nb_ p[fo_m nb[n q_ h__^ ni \_ _mjiomcha \_]ig_ p_ls ]f_[l/ Eclmn i` [ff q_ h__^ ni mnl_mm nb_ p[fo_ i` ^cm]cjfch_/ Ccm]cjfch_ cm hin ihfs [\ion \_b[pciol- \on [fmi [\ion ehiqf_^a_/ Sb_ ehiqf_^a_ i` biq [h^ qb_l_ iol chp_mng_hnm [l_ \_cha g[^_/ V_ h__^ ni \_ ^cm]cjfch_^ _hioab ni ehiq biq ni m[p_- l[nb_l nb[h [fq[sm q[hncha ni ]ihmog_/ Sb_ fch_ \_nq__h qb[n cm _hioab [h^ qb[n cm _r]_mmcp_ b[m l_[jj_[l_^/ Ecr_^ ^_jimcnm qcnb fiq _rj_]n[ncihm i` l_nolh b[p_ l_jf[]_^ bcab.lcme chp_mng_hnm/ Ccm]cjfch_ qcff jligin_ nb_ ][onciom chp_mnill[nb_l nb[h nb_ l_]ef_mm a[g\f_l/
Vcnb l_a[l^ ni nb_ ]oll_hn mcno[ncih- q_ m__ p_ls ]f_[lfs biq nbcm fch_ b[m \__h ]limm_^/ V_ niie iol xboha_ly `il `ch[h]c[f m_]olcns [h^ nb_h aila_^ ni _r]_mm/ V_ [ffiq_^ ]_ln[ch p[fo_m ni ]fio^ iol do^a_g_hn- qbc]b ch g[hs inb_l ]cl]ogmn[h]_mq_ qiof^ h_p_l b[p_ ^ih_/
R ;;;c` q_ [l_ [\f_ ni ]f_[lfs oh^_lmn[h^ qb_h x_hioab cm _hioab9y nb_h q_ gcabn [fmi \_ [\f_ ni b_fj `onol_ a_h_l[ncihm [pic^ g[echa mcgcf[l gcmn[e_m; S Fl__^ g[^_ om oh^cm]cjfch_^ ch iol ionfiie/ V_ q_l_- kocn_ `l[hefs- p_ls b[jjs ni ip_lfiie nb_ ^_n[cfm i` biq _r[]nfs chp_mng_hnm q_l_ g[^_ il biq jli`cnm q_l_ []kocl_^/ Fl__^ g[^_ om cll_mjihmc\f_ ch iol \_b[pciol/ V_ nbioabn hinbcha i` g[echa nb_ _r]om_ nb[n ^_n[cfm q_l_ nii xn_]bhc][f/y Fl__^ b_fj_^ om \_]ig_ oh[]]iohn[\f_/ V_ ihfs q[hn_^ nb_ \ca l_nolhm- [h^ ^_hc_^ [hs ehiqf_^a_ i` biq nb_s q_l_ []bc_p_^/ Fl__^ g[^_ om fim_ iol j_lmih[f \_h]bg[le i` gil[fcns/ V_ q_l_ ]ihn_hn ni n[e_ al_[n_l [h^ al_[n_l lcmem \_][om_ nb_ _h^ l_mofn q[m [ bcab `ch[h]c[f l_nolh/ As ^_mclcha nbcham ni _r]_mm-
75
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
R Y_ ehiq chmnch]ncp_fs qb_h q_ b[p_ ]limm_^ nb_ fch_; Dh^ q_ qiof^ [ff ^i q_ff ni `iffiq iol ]ihm]c_h]_m;;; S V_ [fmi h__^ ni _h]iol[a_ nb_ p[fo_ i` l_mjihmc\cfcns- hin ihfs [gihamn chp_mnilm- \on [fmi ]ihmog_lm/ Sb_ _r]om_ i` cahil[h]_ cm hi fiha_l n_h[\f_/ H` q_ [l_ qcffcha ni chp_mn iol b[l^._[lh_^ gih_s ch p[lciom m]b_g_m [h^ jlial[gg_m- q_ gomn [fmi \_ qcffcha- ch^__^ q_ mbiof^ `__f i\fca_^ ni oh^_lmn[h^ biq nb_s qile/ V_ h__^ ni jligin_ nb_ p[fo_ i` []]iohn[\cfcns/ Sbcm cm _mj_]c[ffs nlo_ hin ihfs `il iolm_fp_m- \on `il nb_ ]iljil[ncihm- chmncnoncihm [h^ ch^cpc^o[fm ni qbig q_ _hnlomn iol _[lhcham/ Eil [ fiha ncg_- ]iljil[ncihm ch]fo^cha \[hem [h^ chp_mng_hn biom_m b[p_ jimnof[n_^ nb_ p[fo_m i` ]iljil[n_ aip_lh[h]_/ Miq cm nb_ ncg_ ni bif^ nb_g []]iohn[\f_/ V_ gomn chmcmn- [fiha qcnb aip_lhg_hnm [h^ ch^omnls q[n]b^iam- nb[n Bi^_m i` Bih^o]n
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2
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6BGF= 7F IBD?
6BGF= 7F IBD?
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77
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
78
6BGF= 7F IBD?
6BGF= 7F IBD?
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,:7 K73DE FA 5A?7 s3?;>K 9A3>E 3@6 8;@3@5;3> 6;E;@57@F;H7E n,A492 .347/=09 .:>?> , 7:? :1 8:90DW [YY` 0>?48,?0> 1:= >.3::7492 ,7:90 49 n:92 q:92 B0=0 ,9D?3492 1=:8 nqN\UYYY ?: nqN\\UYYY ;0= 8:9?3W g @94A0=>4?D 0/@.,?4:9 .:>?> :9 ,A0=,20 nqN[ 84774:9W[ j4=0.? .:>?> ,=0 9:? ?30 :97D ;=:-708 1:= 1,84740>W l,847D ?09>4:9> 49.=0,>0 B3090A0= 149,9.4,7 ;=:-708> ,=4>0W g >@=A0D .:9/@.?0/ 49 [YYa 1:@9/ :A0= ^YO :1 ,77 ZYVZa D0,=V:7/> 3,/ 1,847D ;=:-708>W t: /4110=09.0 B,> 1:@9/ -0?B009 7:B0= ,9/ 84//70V49.:80 1,84740>U ,> ?30D ,77 107? ?30 48;,.? :1 ?30 .=0/4? .=@9.3W\ y09>4?4A0 D:@92 .:@;70>U -0.:8492 49.=0,>4927D ,B,=0 :1 >@.3 ?09>4:9> B4?3 =07,?4A0>U B477 -0 B,=DU ,9/ =0>0,=.30=> 3D;:?30>4E0 ?3,? 1,847D =07,?4:9>34;> .:@7/ /0?0=4:=,?0 1@=?30= ,> ?30 27:-,7 149,9.4,7 .=4>4> B:=6> 4?> B,D ?3=:@23W
g77 >4C :1 ?30>0 D:@92 0,=90=> 3,A0 .70,= .,=00= ,8-4?4:9> 1:= ?30 90C? 14A0 D0,=>W l:= 0C,8;70U x,E407 B,9?> ?: -0 , 1@77DV170/20/ >34; -=:60=W r,@=, B,9?> ?: 3,A0 /4=0.?0/ z| /:.@809?,=40> No .,9 -0 ;=:@/ :1WO g9/ g70C 3:;0> N?: -0 =@99492 , 70,/492 09A4=:9809?,7 ,9/ =0.D.7492 .:8;,9D 49 n:92 q:92 ,9/ 3,A0 :@= :B9 ?0.39:7:2DWO o9?0=0>?4927DU 9:90 >008> ?: ?3496 :1 ?30 0.:9:84. /:B9?@=9 ,> , >429414.,9? 3@=/70W o9/00/U ?3:>0 49 -@>490>> .,9 >00 ;:>4?4A0 :;;:=?@94?40> :;09492 @;W x,E407 >,4/ Nz30 .=4>4> 3,> ;=0>09?0/ :;;:=?@94?40>U 0A09 ?3:@23 o /:9M? 3,A0 8@.3 ?: 7:>0LO z4?48, >00> ?30 /=:; 49 ?30 ;=:;0=?D 8,=60? 70,/492 ?: 7:B0= =09?> ,9/ 8:=0 >;,.0 1:= 499:A,?4:9 ,9/ 0C;,9>4:9W g70CU B3: =@9> ?30 .:8;,9D B4?3 34> ;,=?90= l074CU 4> ;0=3,;> ?30 8:>? ,8-4?4:@> :1 ,77c
R /7 IAG>6 >;=7 FA F3=7 F:7 ABBADFG@;FK FA 7JB3@6\ E;@57 ;@H7EF?7@FE I;>> 47 D7>3F;H7>K D73EA@34>7^^^I7 47>;7H7 F:3F ;8 I7 53@ ?AH7 83EF7D F:3@ F:7 5A?B7F;FADE
6GD;@9 F:7 75A@A?;5 6AI@FGD@\ I7 53@ ;@5D73E7 AGD ?3D=7F E:3D7 E;9@;8;53@F>K I:7@ F:7 75A@A?;5 E;FG3F;A@ ;?BDAH7E^S n>7J
j0>;4?0 , .0=?,49 49>:@.4,9.0 ,-:@? ?30 149,9.4,7 .=4>4>U ?30D ,77 >3,=0 ,9 ,8-4?4:9 ?: 8,60 8:90DW r,@=,U B3: B,> ?477 =0.09?7D :9 , .:9?=,.? B4?3 ?30 hhiU .:80> 1=:8 , ;=4A47020/ 0C;,? -,.62=:@9/W z30 .=,>3U ,9/ 30= =0/@9/,9.DU ;=0.0/0/ ?30 09/ :1 30= .:9?=,.? -@? >30 /:0> 9:? >008 @9/@7D B:==40/ ,-:@? =0.0>>4:9 := 7,DV:11>W o9 ?0=8> :1 49.:80U >30 <@,74140/ 30= :B9 B4>3 1:= 8:90D -D >,D492 ?3,? >30 B,9?> N, 2::/ >,7,=D ?3,? o .,9 74A0 :9 .:81:=?,-7DWWWo ,8 9:? 1@>>0/ ,-:@? -0.:8492 L=4.3WM O z30 ?B: :?30= ,>;4=,?4:9> ?3,? ,=0 .:88:9 ?: ,77 :1 ?308U ?3:@23 9:? 90.0>>,=47D 49 ?30 >,80 :=/0= :1 ;=4:=4?DU ,=0 8,==4,20 ,9/ .347/=09U ,9/ =0.:294?4:9 :1 ,-474?D -D .:770,2@0> ,9/ >@;0=4:=>W
R v I3@F 3 9AA6 E3>3DK F:3F v 53@ >;H7 A@ 5A?8ADF34>K^^^ v 3? @AF 8GEE76 34AGF 475A?;@9 PD;5:^Q S y3GD3
z30 :A0==4/492 08;3,>4> :9 8,==4,20 ,9/ ?30 1,847DU B34.3 B0 ,7>: 149/ 49 n./uv~.- n+vr{ R;,20> [_V[bSU 4> , B07.:80 >@=;=4>0W g? , ?480 B309 ;:;@7,?4:9> ,9/ 10=?474?D 49 8,9D /0A07:;0/ .:@9?=40>U 0>;0.4,77D n:92 q:92U ,=0 /0.749492U ?34> 4> 2::/ 90B>W n:B0A0=U , .7,>>4. .,>0 :1 >:.4,77D ,;;=:A0/ ,>;4=,?4:9> 800?492 ?30 3,=/ ?0>?> :1 ,.?@,7 0C;0=409.0 .:@7/ /0A07:; B30=0 ?30 /0>4=0/ :@?.:80 /:0> 9:? 8,?0=4,74E0U 9:?B4?3>?,9/492 ?304= >?,?0809?>W }3,? /4/ ?30D 8:>? B,9? ?: ,A:4/e g77 :1 ?308 >,4/ N;::= 30,7?3WO z30 ,B,=090>> :1 30,7?3 4> .:8809/,-70U 0>;0.4,77D 24A09 ?30 3423 ;=4:=4?D 24A09 ?: 1,847DW k/9,U 1:= B3:8 4? B,> :97D , 1:@=?3 ;=4:=4?DU ,1?0= 1,80U 3423 >:.4,7 >?,?@> ,9/ =0.:294?4:9U 4> ?=:@-70/ -D ?30 >;0.?=0 :1 , 7:907D :7/ ,20W z34> 4> ,9 0>;0.4,77D ;:429,9? =0,>:9 1:= -0492 .:9.0=90/ ,-:@? 30,7?3U 24A09 ?30 >60B0/ /08:2=,;34. :1 n:92 q:92 ,9/ 4?> =,;4/7D ,20492 >:.40?DW y30 48,2490> , ?480 B309c
y30 B,> .:9.0=90/ 9:? :97D B4?3 ;3D>4.,7 30,7?3 -@? ,7>: 08:?4:9,7 30,7?3U 49 .,>0 No 7:>0 /4=0.?4:9 :1 8D 7410WO j4=0.?4:9 4> 9:? ,9 ,??=4-@?0 ?30>0 >4C D:@92>?0=> >008 ?: 7,.6W n:B0A0=U 49?09?4:9>U ,>;4=,?4:9> ,9/ =0,74?D /: 9:? ,7B,D> 8,?.3W o9 ,9 0=, :1 ?423? 8:90DU 3:;0> 1:= 8,==4,20 ,9/ .347/=09 8,D @90C;0.?0/7D -0 /010==0/ := =0.:9>4/0=0/ -0.,@>0 :1 ?30 3423 .:>?> 49A:7A0/W z30 >0,=.3 1:= , >@4?,-70 ;,=?90= .:@7/ ,7>: -0 1=@>?=,?0/U ,> :@= /08:2=,;34. 142@=0> 48;7DW }0 B477 ?=,.6 ?30 ?=,50.?:=40> :1 ?30>0 >4C D:@92 ;0:;70 49 , 1@?@=0 4>>@0 ,9/ 149/ :@? 3:B ?30D ,=0 ;=:2=0>>492 ?:B,=/> ?30 2:,7> ?30D ;0=.04A0 ?:/,DW u97D ?480 B477 ?077 B30?30= ?30D ,=0 1@9/,809?,77D ;=,28,?4>?> := 4/0,74>?>W j0>;4?0 ?304= ;0=.04A0/ ,9/ >?,?0/ A,7@0> ,9/ ,>;4=,?4:9>U 0.:9:84. .:9>4/0=,?4:9> B477 49?0=A090 49 ,78:>? ,77 :1 ?30 /0.4>4:9> ?30D 8,60 ?3=:@23:@? ?304= 74A0>W
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p3D77DE ;@ BDAEB75F 8AD t7@7D3F;A@ 0 ~:@92 ;0:;70 49 m090=,?4:9 ~ ,=0 ?3:>0 B4?3 ;,=09?> -:=9 49 ?30 _Y> B3: 3,/ .347/=09 49 ?30 aY> ,9/ bY>W s,9D D:@92>?0=> -07:92492 ?: ?34> 2090=,?4:9 ,=0 ,8:92 ?3:>0 9:B >006492 B:=6 ,9/ ?30 ;=:>;0.?> 1:= m090=,?4:9 ~ 49 ;,=?4.@7,=U >008 49>0.@=0W uA0= [^Y 14=8> ;:770/ -D i4?D {94A0=>4?D 49 s,=.3 [YYb >,4/ ?3,? 8,=60?492 ?,709? 4> >?477 :90 :1 ?30 8:>? @>01@7 >6477> 49 ?30 ;=0>09? 5:- 8,=60?W y6477> 49 0V8,=60?492U := :97490 8,=60?492U 49 ;,=?4.@7,= B477 -0 >:@23?V,1?0= B309 ?30 490A4?,-70 @;?@=9 ?,60> ;7,.0W] i0=?,49 :?30= 1407/> ,=0 ,7>: -0492 34237423?0/ 1:= ?3:>0 >006492 1@=?30= A:.,?4:9,7 <@,7414.,?4:9>W z30>0 49.7@/0 ozU ?0,.3492 ,9/ 30,7?3.,=0W m090=,?4:9 ~U -=:@23? @; B4?3 .:8;@?0=> ,9/ ,9 ,B,=090>> :1 ?30 48;:=?,9.0 :1 30,7?3U ,=0 49 , A0=D 2::/ ;:>4?4:9 ?: ?,60 ,/A,9?,20 :1 ?34> >4?@,?4:9W
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sAD? f 3@6 g EFG67@FEQ 53D77D :AB7E p3@A@ @94A0=>4?DU >@-50.? @9/0.4/0/ p:7G=]:;? -@>490>> >?@/40> s>AD3 3:?07 8,9,20809? := >,70> ,9/ 8,=60?492 t>AD;3 @9/0.4/0/ vD7@7 =0?,47 .:910.?4:90=D wG6;F: ;=:10>>4:9,7 ,.?=0>> := /=,8, ?0,.30= +3H;A 80/4.,7 /:.?:= ,A? n:92 q:92 9,?4:9,7 3423 5@8; ?0,8 .;@5K .4A47 >0=A,9? 0G=; ?:@=4>8 := >:.4,7 B:=6
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,A? 4> A0=D ,B,=0 :1 1,847D 900/> ,9/ 69:B> 30 B477 3,A0 ?: 600; 34> 30,/ B077 ,-:A0 B,?0= 149,9.4,77DU >: 30 3,> 8,/0 , -,.6V@; ;7,9 1:= 34> /=0,8 :1 -0492 , 9,?4:9,7 ,?370?0W
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=0?@=9 ?: n:92 q:92 1:= B:=6U B30=0,> w492 ,9/ s04U -:?3 1=:8 ?30 8,497,9/U ,=0 49 9: 3@==D ?: 2: 3:80W t:90 :1 ?308 >008> @9/@7D ,9C4:@> ,-:@? ?30 0.:9:84. /:B9?@=9U ,7?3:@23 ?B: :1 ?308 ,=0 .@==09?7D >@;;70809?492 ?304= >?4;09/> B4?3 ;,=?V?480 5:->W z304= 2090=,7 A40B 4> ?3,? ?30 =0.0>>4:9 4> 70>> 74607D ?: 3,A0 , 902,?4A0 0110.? :9 ?30 >.409?414. ,.,/084. B:=7/ ?3,9 4? ,7=0,/D 3,> :9 ?30 -@>490>> B:=7/W }4?3 ?3,? 49 849/U ?30D ,=0 ,77 49?09/492 ?: ;=:7:92 ?304= ?480 49 @94A0=>4?D B4?3 ;:>?V /:.?:=,7 ;:>4?4:9>U B34.3 ,=0 @>@,77D <@4?0 B077V;,4/WT z30D ,=0 >?477 6009 ?: 1:77:B ?304= /=0,8> ,9/ ,=0 B077 ,B,=0 ?3,? ,9 uC1:=/ <@,7414.,?4:9 ,9/ B:=6 0C;0=409.0 8,60 ?308 A0=D /0>4=,-70 5:- .,9/4/,?0>W z30D ,=0 .,@?4:@>7D :;?484>?4. ,-:@? ?304= 1@?@=0 .,=00=> 0A09 ?: ?30 0C?09? ?3,?U ,> |0=:94., .:914/09?7D 8,49?,49>U N?30=0 B477 ,7B,D> -0 , 900/ 1:= /:.?:=>WO o9 ?30 8,49U >30 4> :1 .:@=>0 =423?U ,> 7:92 ,> ?30 1@9/492 4> ,A,47,-70W r0?M> 3:;0 ?304= :;?484>8 4> 5@>?4140/W b, bzr~r ir,.z~ -./uzvu ayz~v-v z~ h*~u*~ r~u .yv~ -*tzr| r~.y,*+*|*x3 z~ k2w*,uY nyv |z0vu z~ e*~x g*~x
|0=:94.,M> ,/A4.0 ?: :?30= n:92 q:92 >?@/09?> .:9>4/0=492 >?@/D492 49 uC1:=/c .30.6 :@? ?30 B0->4?0U ,9/ 20? k9274>3 7,92@,20 .:,.3492W Nh@? ,-:A0 ,77UO >30 >,D>U N70,=9 ?: =4/0 , -460LO g9:?30= B4>0 .3:4.0U 9:? :97D 1:= 30,7?3 -@? ,7>: 1:= 0.:9:84. =0,>:9>W j,A4/U y48:9 ,9/ |0=:94., ,77 49?09/ ?:
w*, .yv ~v2. \] 3vr,-W s*.y 1*,{z~x r~u ,v-vr,tyz~xY d*, .yv |r-. .v~ 3vr,- -yv yr- |z0vu z~ k2w*,uW 1yz|v t*~.z~/z~x .* w*||*1 v0v~.- z~ e*~x g*~xW r~u s*.y 1*,{z~x r~u .,r0v||z~x z~ *.yv, +r,.- *w .yv 1*,|uY
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y?@/D492 1:= , 14=>? /02=00 49 -4:7:2DU 30 -0.,80 ;,>>4:9,?07D 49?0=0>?0/ 49 ,948,7 .:9>0=A,?4:9W Nz34> 4> 9:? ;:;@7,= 49 n:92 q:92UO 30 ?:7/ 80U ,//492 ?3,? 30 4> 7@.6D ?3,? 34> ;,=09?>U , >:.4,7 B:=60= ,9/ , 3:@>0B410U 3,A0 74-0=,7 A,7@0> ,9/ N3,A09M? -,990/ 8D /=0,8W s,9D ;,=09?> B,9? ?304= .347/=09 ?: >?@/D 49 :=/0= ?: 0,=9 8:90DWO z: 08;3,>4E0 ?30 ;:49? 30 ?:7/ 80 34> [[V D0,=V:7/ -=:?30= 4> >?@/D492 1490 ,=?>W
R }GDEG7 KAGD 6D73?E\ 7H7@ ;8 ;FQE @AF F:7 I3K FA 73D@ F:7 ?AEF ?A@7K^ x77B B7DE;EF;@9 ;8 F:3FQE I:3F KAG I3@F FA 6A^ v8 KAG 6A@QF KAG ?;9:F D79D7F ;F^S +;?A@ t0A0=?3070>>U y48:9M> /=4A0 ?: >?@/D ,-=:,/ 80,9? ?3,? 30 .:9?,.?0/ ;=:10>>:=> ,-:@? 34> ,48> -01:=0 30 701? n:92 q:92W g> , =0>@7?U 30 5:490/ , =0>0,=.3 2=:@; 49 uC1:=/ ,9/ >0.@=0/ ?3=00 D0,=M> 1@9/492 B34.3U B4?3 7@.6U 8,D ?4/0 348 :A0= ?30 .@==09? =0.0>>4:9W n4> 7:A0 :1 70,=9492 80,9> 30 B,9?> ?: >?,D 49 ?30 ,.,/084. B:=7/ 1:= , B3470 ,7?3:@23 34> ;:B0=1@7 B4>3 ?: B:=6 49 ,948,7 .:9>0=A,?4:9 49 n:92 q:92 := i349,U B30=0 30 ?3496> ;0:;70 .,=0 70>> ,-:@? ,948,7 B071,=0 ?3,9 49 ?30 {qU ,7>: /=4A0> 348W n0 >008> ?: 3,A0 >0??70/ 49 uC1:=/ B4?3 0,>0W n4> ,/A4.0 ?: :?30= >?@/09?> ?3496492 ,-:@? 2:492 ,-=:,/ ?: >?@/D 4>c Nv@=>@0 D:@= /=0,8>U 0A09 41 4?M> 9:? ?30 B,D ?: 0,=9 ?30 8:>? 8:90DW q00; ;0=>4>?492 41 ?3,?M> B3,? D:@ B,9? ?: /:W o1 D:@ /:9M? D:@ 8423? =02=0? 4?WO
j
,A4/ ,9/ o 80? B3470 30 B,> B:=6492 34> >341? ,> ;,=?V?480 7:/20V600;0= 1:= 34> .:77020W n0 4> , ;:>?2=,/@,?0 jv347 >?@/09? B3: 3,> 1:77:B0/ ,9 @9@>@,7 =:@?0 49?: ,.,/084, ,9/ 4> :90 :1 ?30 ?B: 49?0=A40B00> B4?3 ;,=?V?480 B:=6W h:=9 49 n:92 q:92U j,A4/M> .@==09? =0>0,=.3 4> 49 .7494.,7 80/4.490 -@? 14=>? 30 >?@/40/ -4:7:2D ,9/ ?309 B:=60/ ,? ,77 649/> :1 @9>64770/ 5:-> 49 n:92 q:92W t:B \[U 8,==40/ ?: , D:@92 n:92 q:92 B:8,9 ,9/ >::9 ?: -0 , 1,?30=U 30 ,/84??0/ ?3,? 30 B,> , ;::= >?@/09? ,? >0.:9/,=D >.3::7W No ;7,D0/ ,=:@9/ ?:: 8@.3UO 30 .7,48>U N,9/ oM8 9:? >8,=? -@>490>>B4>0WO n0 4> ?30 ?34=/ ,9/ 8@.3 D:@920= .347/ :1 ;,=09?> :=4249,77D 1=:8 >:@?30=9 i349,W z30D /4/ 9:? 3,A0 ?30 :;;:=?@94?D ?: >?@/D ,9/ /4/ 9:? ;,=?4.@7,=7D 09.:@=,20 348 ?: 2: ?:
@94A0=>4?DW o? B,> ,9 0CV24=71=409/ B3: @=20/ 348 ?: =0?@=9 ?: >.3::7W z30 .:77020 B30=0 30 >?@/40/ 3,/ 7496> B4?3 ?30 {94A0=>4?D :1 {7>?0= >: 2:492 ?30=0 B,> ,9 :-A4:@> 90C? >?0;W Nz30 ;0:;70 ?30=0 B0=0 A0=D 94.0U ?@?:=4,7> B0=0 2::/ ,9/ ?30=0 B0=0 7:?> :1 :?30= i3490>0 >?@/09?>WO
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l=:8 {7>?0= 30 =0?@=90/ ?: n:92 q:92 1:= , 8,>?0=M> /02=00U ?309 B09? ?: v099>D7A,94, ,> , A4>4?492 >.3:7,=U ?309 ?: uC1:=/ B30=0 30 2:? 1@9/492U 7460 y48:9W g ;:>?V/:. ,;;:49?809? B:@7/ -0 34> 4/0,7 90C? .3:4.0U ,9/ ,1?0= ?3,? 30 B:@7/ 7460 ,9 ,.,/084. 5:- 49 n:92 q:92 ,9/ ?: 307; >@;;:=? 34> ;,=09?>W n0 4> A0=D /01494?0 ,-:@? B,9?492 ?: .:9?=4-@?0 ?: n:92 q:92U N?: 8D .4?DUO 30 >,D>W n0 ,7>: B,9?> ?: -0 , 2::/ ?0,.30=W n0 >,D>U NsD 0C;0=409.0 :1 ?0,.30=> 4> ?3,? ?30D 5@>? B,9? ?30 5:- K ?30D 3,A0 9: 30,=? ?: 0/@.,?0 ?30 90C? 2090=,?4:9WO j,A4/ A0=D 8@.3 B,9?> ?: ;@? 34> 30,=? 49?: 0/@.,?492 ?30 90C? 2090=,?4:9 ,9/ 09.:@=,20> :?30= n:92 q:92 >?@/09?> ?: >?@/D 49 ?30 {qW No?M> , A0=D 2::/ :;;:=?@94?D 1:= B4/09492 D:@= 3:=4E:9>U ?30 0/@.,?4:9,7 ,?8:>;30=0 4> A0=D 1=00U ,9/ A0=D >@;;:=?4A0W z30=0 4>9M? ?30 >,80 ;=0>>@=0 ?: ;@-74>3 ,> 49 n:92 q:92 ,9/ o =0,/ ?09 ?480> 8:=0WO
|
0=:94.,U @97460 ?30 :?30= >?@/09?>U 4> , ?34=/VD0,= @9/0=2=,/@,?0 /:492 80/4.490W g7>: @97460 ?30 :?30=> >30 B,> ,? >.3::7 49 k927,9/ 1:= 1:@= D0,=> -01:=0 @94A0=>4?DW o? B,> 30= :B9 4/0,U >30 0C;7,49>W No9 n:92 q:92 o B:@7/ 3,A0 3,/ ?: .3::>0 -0?B009 ,=?> ,9/ >.409.0 >@-50.?> B34.3 o /4/9M? 1007 =0,/D ?: /:W n0=0 o .:@7/ /: , 84C?@=0WO z30 :97D .347/ :1 ;,=09?> B3: ,=0 2=,/@,?0> :1 h=4?4>3 @94A0=>4?40>U 4? 4> ;0=3,;> 9:? >@=;=4>492 ?3,? |0=:94., 1:77:B0/ ?304= ;,?3 ?: >:80 0C?09?U ,7?3:@23 >30 /4/ 9:? 1:77:B
30= 1,?30= 49?: ?30 149,9.4,7 >0.?:=W o9>?0,/U >30 .3:>0 80/4.490 ,9/ 3:;0> ?: >;0.4,74E0 49 ;>D.34,?=DW y30 ?3496> ?3,? >?@/D492 80/4.490 49 ?30 {q 4> 70>> >?=0>>1@7 ?3,9 49 n:92 q:92W r,>? j0.08-0=M> >,/ >@4.4/0 :1 , ?34=/VD0,= i3490>0 {94A0=>4?D 80/4.,7 >?@/09? 49 z49 y3@4 },4 4> , .,>0 49 ;:49?W z30 24=7M> 1,=0B077 9:?0 >,4/ >30 B,> @9/0= 2=0,? ;=0>>@=0U -:?3 ,.,/084.,77D ,9/ 149,9.4,77DW o9 uC1:=/ ?30=0 ,=0 10B0= 70.?@=0>U 8:=0 49/4A4/@,7 ?@?:=4,7> ,9/ -0??0= 0C;:>@=0 ?: >.409?414. =0>0,=.3W t0A0=?3070>>U >30 09A4>,20> =0?@=9492 ?: n:92 q:92 ?: /: 30= 3:@>08,9>34;W y30 B477 1007 8:=0 .:81:=?,-70 ?30=0U >30 ?3496>U ,9/ B,9?> ?: -0 .7:>0= ?: 30= 1,847D ,9/ 1=409/>W z30 8,5:=4?D :1 30= 1=409/> 49 uC1:=/ ,=0 1=:8 n:92 q:92W
R v@ uA@9 xA@9 v IAG>6 :3H7 :36 FA 5:AAE7 47FI77@ 3DFE 3@6 E5;7@57 EG4<75FE I:;5: v 6;6@QF 877> D736K FA 6A^ u7D7 v 5AG>6 6A 3 ?;JFGD7^S .7DA@;53
=0?@=9 ?: n:92 q:92 1:= B:=6U B30=0,> w492 ,9/ s04U -:?3 1=:8 ?30 8,497,9/U ,=0 49 9: 3@==D ?: 2: 3:80W t:90 :1 ?308 >008> @9/@7D ,9C4:@> ,-:@? ?30 0.:9:84. /:B9?@=9U ,7?3:@23 ?B: :1 ?308 ,=0 .@==09?7D >@;;70809?492 ?304= >?4;09/> B4?3 ;,=?V?480 5:->W z304= 2090=,7 A40B 4> ?3,? ?30 =0.0>>4:9 4> 70>> 74607D ?: 3,A0 , 902,?4A0 0110.? :9 ?30 >.409?414. ,.,/084. B:=7/ ?3,9 4? ,7=0,/D 3,> :9 ?30 -@>490>> B:=7/W }4?3 ?3,? 49 849/U ?30D ,=0 ,77 49?09/492 ?: ;=:7:92 ?304= ?480 49 @94A0=>4?D B4?3 ;:>?V /:.?:=,7 ;:>4?4:9>U B34.3 ,=0 @>@,77D <@4?0 B077V;,4/WT z30D ,=0 >?477 6009 ?: 1:77:B ?304= /=0,8> ,9/ ,=0 B077 ,B,=0 ?3,? ,9 uC1:=/ <@,7414.,?4:9 ,9/ B:=6 0C;0=409.0 8,60 ?308 A0=D /0>4=,-70 5:- .,9/4/,?0>W z30D ,=0 .,@?4:@>7D :;?484>?4. ,-:@? ?304= 1@?@=0 .,=00=> 0A09 ?: ?30 0C?09? ?3,?U ,> |0=:94., .:914/09?7D 8,49?,49>U N?30=0 B477 ,7B,D> -0 , 900/ 1:= /:.?:=>WO o9 ?30 8,49U >30 4> :1 .:@=>0 =423?U ,> 7:92 ,> ?30 1@9/492 4> ,A,47,-70W r0?M> 3:;0 ?304= :;?484>8 4> 5@>?4140/W b, bzr~r ir,.z~ -./uzvu ayz~v-v z~ h*~u*~ r~u .yv~ -*tzr| r~.y,*+*|*x3 z~ k2w*,uY nyv |z0vu z~ e*~x g*~x
|0=:94.,M> ,/A4.0 ?: :?30= n:92 q:92 >?@/09?> .:9>4/0=492 >?@/D492 49 uC1:=/c .30.6 :@? ?30 B0->4?0U ,9/ 20? k9274>3 7,92@,20 .:,.3492W Nh@? ,-:A0 ,77UO >30 >,D>U N70,=9 ?: =4/0 , -460LO g9:?30= B4>0 .3:4.0U 9:? :97D 1:= 30,7?3 -@? ,7>: 1:= 0.:9:84. =0,>:9>W j,A4/U y48:9 ,9/ |0=:94., ,77 49?09/ ?:
w*, .yv ~v2. \] 3vr,-W s*.y 1*,{z~x r~u ,v-vr,tyz~xY d*, .yv |r-. .v~ 3vr,- -yv yr- |z0vu z~ k2w*,uW 1yz|v t*~.z~/z~x .* w*||*1 v0v~.- z~ e*~x g*~xW r~u s*.y 1*,{z~x r~u .,r0v||z~x z~ *.yv, +r,.- *w .yv 1*,|uY
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87
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Uolp_s ih ][l__lm [h^ gih_s
Vb_h [me_^ qb_nb_l nb_s qiof^ jl_`_l ni \_ m_f`._gjfis_^ il
S[\f_ 4
ni \_ j[c^- nb_ l_mofnm q_l_ jl_^c]n[\f_- acp_h nb_ ]oll_hn
Hgjfis__ il m_f`:_gjfis_^
_]ihigc] ]fcg[n_/ Sb_ g[dilcns +69/5}, q[hn ni \_ j[c^ _gjfis__m- oj `lig 54/3} ch 3114/ Iomn ip_l 51} jl_`_ll_^ m_f`.
K[p_ sioha j_ijf_ym jl_`_l_h]_m `il ][l__lm ]b[ha_^ mch]_ nb_ qilf^ym _]ihigs \_a[h cnm mfc^_ chni
_gjfisg_hn il lohhcha nb_cl iqh \omch_mm ch 311:- qb_l_[m
l_]_mmcihC Yiof^ nb_s fce_ ni \_ m_f`:_gjfis_^ il hinC K[m nb_ ]lcmcm b[^ [h cgj[]n ih [nncno^_m ni
g[hs gil_ q[hn_^ m_f`._gjfisg_hn ch 3114 +m__ S[\f_m 4 [h^
mj_h^cha9 m[pcha [h^ \illiqchaC Vb_ nl_h^m [l_ _rjfil_^ b_l_9 qcnb molp_s ^[n[ `lig nb_ I_^_l[ncihym
5,/ M[nol[ffs- nb_l_ b[m [fmi \__h [ ]igjf_n_ nolh i` nb_ n[\f_m
Zionb T_m_[l]b F_hnl_;
69/5}
54/3}
ch `[piol i` qile ch nb_ jo\fc] [h^ hih.aip_lhg_hn m_]nilm/ H q[hn ni \_ [h _gjfis__ Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
m_lpc]_/
Eil nbim_ ion.i`.qile il hin s_n ch nb_ qile`il]_- nb_ \ca ko_mncih cm qbc]b ][l__l ni jolmo_/ GJEWF b[m \__h [mecha ko_mncihm [\ion nbcm ch cnm molp_sm `il mig_ ncg_/ Sbcm s_[l- nb_ gimn jijof[l ][l__l ][n_ails- l[nb_l moljlcmchafs- q[m nb_ \[hecha [h^ `ch[h]_ m_]nil +21/9},/ Hn q[m `iffiq_^- [fmi l[nb_l moljlcmchafs- \s nb_ bin_f- niolcmg [h^ ][n_lcha m_]nil +9/2},/ Sb_m_ ]bic]_m m__g i^^ acp_h nb_ l_]_mmcih [h^ g[s l_`f_]n nb_ siohaym f[]e i` [q[l_h_mm i` nb_ l[ha_ i` ][l__l jimmc\cfcnc_m nb[n _rcmnm/ Ol_`_l_h]_m b[p_ ]b[ha_^ mch]_ [ 3114 molp_s- qb_h \[hecha [h^ `ch[h]_ q[m `[piol_^ \s 9/7} i` l_mjih^_hnm- qb_l_[m bin_fniolcmg [h^ ][n_lcha q[m nb_ ]bic]_ i` 22/4}/ Hhn_l_mn b[m ch]l_[m_^ ch ][l__lm ch _^o][ncih- qlcncha [h^ diolh[fcmg mch]_ 3114- `lig 7/2} ni 9/5}/ Sb_ chmncnoncih[fct_^ jli`_mmcihm i` f[qg_^c]ch_- [l]bcn_]nol_ [h^ _hach__lcha +]ig\ch_^, q_l_ jl_`_ll_^ \s :/3} ch 3114 [h^ 21} ch 311: +m__ S[\f_ 3,/ Sbcm ch^c][n_m [h oh^_lmn[h^[\f_ mbc`n ni nb_ gil_ m_]ol_ jli`_mmcihm nb[n \_h_`cn `lig [h ch]l_[m_^ aip_lhg_hn lif_ ch nb_ _]ihigs [h^ mi]c_ns/ Giq_p_l- nb_m_ l_mjihm_m [l_ mig_qb[n ]ihnl[^c]nils ni nb_ l_mjihm_m ni ko_mncihm [\ion jl_`_l_h]_m ih m_f`._gjfisg_hn +m__ S[\f_m 4 [h^ 5,/
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6/9}
Sb_ fiha_mn [jjfc][hn ko_o_m nb_m_ ^[sm [l_ `il nb_ ]cpcf m_lpc]_-
2/4}
5/1}
m_]olcns [h^ [l_ f[la_fs chmof[n_^ `lig nb_ _``_]nm i` nb_ mfogj/
G[pcha f[la_ m[pcham Minbcha acp_m g_ [ `__fcha i` m_]olcns
23/8}
Nqhcha jlij_lns Nnb_l
Hnym hi moljlcm_ nb[n l_]locng_hn nonilc[fm `i]omcha ih qlcncha
46/4}
Ls j[l_hnm \_cha _gjfis_^
S[\f_ 5
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72/1}
][h^c^[n_m [l_ fchcha oj `il nb_ Biggih Q_]locng_hn
37/5}
Dr[gch[ncih qbc]b n_mnm f_p_fm i` Dhafcmb- Bbch_m_ [h^ nb_
Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
6/8} 4/:}
44/3}
61/7}
22/2} 5/:}
3114
A[mc] K[q/ @^gchcmnl[ncp_ al[^_ [mjcl[hnm qiof^ ^i \_nn_l \s
Fip_lhg_hn ^_j[lng_hn Mih.aip_lhg_hn ila[hct[ncih Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
\ihcha oj ih jo\fc] [``[clm- l_[^cha h_qmj[j_l ]igg_hn[ls [h^ cgjlipcha [h[fsnc][f mecffm- m[s nbim_ ch nb_ ehiq/ Sb_
Sl_`_ll_^ ][l__lm
37/:}
311:
n_]bhcko_m `il [^gchcmnl[nilm [l_ m_ffcha fce_ bin ][e_m/ @hrciom
25/7}
S[\f_ 3
Sijof[l di\m
66/5}
3114
Sbcm s_[l- [fgimn ^io\f_ nb_ 3114 hog\_l q[hn [ di\ ch nb_ ]cpcf
Hh E_\lo[ls [h^ L[l]b 311:- GJEWF ]ih^o]n_^ [ molp_s ih nb_ _``_]nm i` nb_ `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm ih sioha j_ijf_ym [nncno^_m ni j_lmih[f `ch[h]_m +m__ Qin_,/ Nh_ i` nb_ ]f_[l_mn `ch^cham q[m b_cabn_h_^ [q[l_h_mm i` nb_ ip_lqb_fgcha cgjiln[h]_ i` e__jcha siol di\ ch nlio\f_^ _]ihigc] ncg_m/ Sbcm [q[l_h_mm ip_llc^_m _p_h nb_ ]ig`iln i` b[pcha f[la_ m[pcham/ Hh^__^- kocn_ [ hog\_l +25/7}, m[s hinbcha ][h acp_ nb_g [ m_hm_ i` m_]olcns +m__ S[\f_ 2,/
51/2}
311:
Olcp[n_ 0 ]igg_l]c[f ]igj[hs Nnb_l
Bcpcf R_lpc]_ Aol_[o cm aicha ni mn_j oj l_]locng_hn `il 8-811 2
3
><<?
><<A
jimnm [m nb_ oh_gjfisg_hn l[n_ lcm_m/ Sb_ ]cpcf m_lpc]_ _r[gm
A[hecha0gih_n[ls m_]nil0`ch[h]c[f m_lpc]_m
9/7}
21/9}
Gin_f [h^ ][n_lcha ch^omnls0niolcmg
22/4}
9/2}
ch Giha Jiha [l_ ch Ioh_/ Min fiha ni ai/
D^o][ncih0qlcncha0diolh[fcmg
7/2}
9/5}
Hh`ilg[ncih n_]bhifias
22/4}
6/9}
@]]iohncha
6/3}
5/8}
Vbif_m[f_ ~ l_n[cf
8/1}
5/8}
Bcpcf _hach__l0molp_sil0[l]bcn_]n
5/7}
5/4}
@^p_lncm_g_hn0^_mcah0gomc]0[ln0]igc]m
5/6}
4/:}
Ci]nil0holm_
5/4}
4/5}
K[qs_l
1/4}
3/4}
Ccm]cjfch_^ m_lpc]_m
4/3}
3/1}
L[ho`[]nolcha
4/1}
3/1}
Vb_h [me_^ ch qb[n ]cl]ogmn[h]_m nb_s qiof^ ]ihmc^_l
Hhmol[h]_
1/8}
2/5}
\illiqcha- 54/7} i` l_mjih^_hnm qiof^ ^i mi c` nb_s
Kiacmnc]m
6/3}
2/4}
q[hn_^ ni \os jlij_lns/ 37/7} qiof^ ^i mi ch il^_l ni
A_[ons0b[cl0g[e_oj [lncmn
4/5}
2/2}
Bl_[ncp_ Hh^omnlc_m
3/5}
2/2}
]ip_l nocncih `__m/ 33/8} m[c^ nb_s qiof^ hin \illiq gih_s
Ri]c[f qile_l
2/4}
1/3}
Dhn_ln[chg_hn
2/2}
w
Rjiln
1/8}
w
Nnb_l
1/8}
3/4}
Cihyn ehiq0hi jl_`_l_h]_
26/7}
43/1}
U[pcha [h^ mj_h^cha
S[\f_ 6
U[p_lm 9:/6}
21/3}
311:
M_[lfs :1} i` nb_ GJEWF 311: molp_s l_mjih^_hnm m[c^ nb_s q_l_ m[p_lm- \on q_ ^ihyn ehiq biq go]b nb_s m[p_^/ Sb_ g[ch l_[mihm nb_s a[p_ `il m[pcha q_l_ _g_la_h]c_m-
95/2}
26/8}
3118
a_nncha g[llc_^ il \oscha jlij_lns/ R[p_lm b[p_ []no[ffs ch]l_[m_^ mch]_ 3112- qb_h [h _[lfc_l molp_s mbiq_^ nb[n [\ion 92} jon gih_s [q[s +m__ S[\f_m 6 [h^ 7,/ 4
91/:}
W_m
oh^_l [hs ]cl]ogmn[h]_m +m__ S[\f_ 8,/ Q_mjihm_m qb_h [me_^ [\ion nb_ _``_]nm i` nb_ ]lcmcm ]iof^ _rjf[ch nbcm [nncno^_ +m__ S[\f_ 9,/
29/2}
3112 Mi
Nnb_l
S[\f_ 7 6/5}
T_[mihm ni m[p_ Eil _g_la_h]c_m Eil cgjiln[hn nbcham _/a/ ni \os jlij_lnsa_n g[llc_^ Nh_ mbiof^ m[p_ Kiha b[\cn Nnb_l
8/3}
7/3} 27/4}
75/8}
]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
89
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
8:
/DBI>A< FD:A9E
/DBI>A< FD:A9E
Uolp_s ih ][l__lm [h^ gih_s
Vb_h [me_^ qb_nb_l nb_s qiof^ jl_`_l ni \_ m_f`._gjfis_^ il
S[\f_ 4
ni \_ j[c^- nb_ l_mofnm q_l_ jl_^c]n[\f_- acp_h nb_ ]oll_hn
Hgjfis__ il m_f`:_gjfis_^
_]ihigc] ]fcg[n_/ Sb_ g[dilcns +69/5}, q[hn ni \_ j[c^ _gjfis__m- oj `lig 54/3} ch 3114/ Iomn ip_l 51} jl_`_ll_^ m_f`.
K[p_ sioha j_ijf_ym jl_`_l_h]_m `il ][l__lm ]b[ha_^ mch]_ nb_ qilf^ym _]ihigs \_a[h cnm mfc^_ chni
_gjfisg_hn il lohhcha nb_cl iqh \omch_mm ch 311:- qb_l_[m
l_]_mmcihC Yiof^ nb_s fce_ ni \_ m_f`:_gjfis_^ il hinC K[m nb_ ]lcmcm b[^ [h cgj[]n ih [nncno^_m ni
g[hs gil_ q[hn_^ m_f`._gjfisg_hn ch 3114 +m__ S[\f_m 4 [h^
mj_h^cha9 m[pcha [h^ \illiqchaC Vb_ nl_h^m [l_ _rjfil_^ b_l_9 qcnb molp_s ^[n[ `lig nb_ I_^_l[ncihym
5,/ M[nol[ffs- nb_l_ b[m [fmi \__h [ ]igjf_n_ nolh i` nb_ n[\f_m
Zionb T_m_[l]b F_hnl_;
69/5}
54/3}
ch `[piol i` qile ch nb_ jo\fc] [h^ hih.aip_lhg_hn m_]nilm/ H q[hn ni \_ [h _gjfis__ Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
m_lpc]_/
Eil nbim_ ion.i`.qile il hin s_n ch nb_ qile`il]_- nb_ \ca ko_mncih cm qbc]b ][l__l ni jolmo_/ GJEWF b[m \__h [mecha ko_mncihm [\ion nbcm ch cnm molp_sm `il mig_ ncg_/ Sbcm s_[l- nb_ gimn jijof[l ][l__l ][n_ails- l[nb_l moljlcmchafs- q[m nb_ \[hecha [h^ `ch[h]_ m_]nil +21/9},/ Hn q[m `iffiq_^- [fmi l[nb_l moljlcmchafs- \s nb_ bin_f- niolcmg [h^ ][n_lcha m_]nil +9/2},/ Sb_m_ ]bic]_m m__g i^^ acp_h nb_ l_]_mmcih [h^ g[s l_`f_]n nb_ siohaym f[]e i` [q[l_h_mm i` nb_ l[ha_ i` ][l__l jimmc\cfcnc_m nb[n _rcmnm/ Ol_`_l_h]_m b[p_ ]b[ha_^ mch]_ [ 3114 molp_s- qb_h \[hecha [h^ `ch[h]_ q[m `[piol_^ \s 9/7} i` l_mjih^_hnm- qb_l_[m bin_fniolcmg [h^ ][n_lcha q[m nb_ ]bic]_ i` 22/4}/ Hhn_l_mn b[m ch]l_[m_^ ch ][l__lm ch _^o][ncih- qlcncha [h^ diolh[fcmg mch]_ 3114- `lig 7/2} ni 9/5}/ Sb_ chmncnoncih[fct_^ jli`_mmcihm i` f[qg_^c]ch_- [l]bcn_]nol_ [h^ _hach__lcha +]ig\ch_^, q_l_ jl_`_ll_^ \s :/3} ch 3114 [h^ 21} ch 311: +m__ S[\f_ 3,/ Sbcm ch^c][n_m [h oh^_lmn[h^[\f_ mbc`n ni nb_ gil_ m_]ol_ jli`_mmcihm nb[n \_h_`cn `lig [h ch]l_[m_^ aip_lhg_hn lif_ ch nb_ _]ihigs [h^ mi]c_ns/ Giq_p_l- nb_m_ l_mjihm_m [l_ mig_qb[n ]ihnl[^c]nils ni nb_ l_mjihm_m ni ko_mncihm [\ion jl_`_l_h]_m ih m_f`._gjfisg_hn +m__ S[\f_m 4 [h^ 5,/
H jl_`_l m_f`._gjfisg_hn
S[\f_ 2
U_hm_ i` m_]olcnsB qb_l_ cn ]ig_m `lig J__jcha gs di\
6/9}
Sb_ fiha_mn [jjfc][hn ko_o_m nb_m_ ^[sm [l_ `il nb_ ]cpcf m_lpc]_-
2/4}
5/1}
m_]olcns [h^ [l_ f[la_fs chmof[n_^ `lig nb_ _``_]nm i` nb_ mfogj/
G[pcha f[la_ m[pcham Minbcha acp_m g_ [ `__fcha i` m_]olcns
23/8}
Nqhcha jlij_lns Nnb_l
Hnym hi moljlcm_ nb[n l_]locng_hn nonilc[fm `i]omcha ih qlcncha
46/4}
Ls j[l_hnm \_cha _gjfis_^
S[\f_ 5
QJR9 jlcp[n_ il jo\fc] m_]nil
nb_ jlip_l\c[f xclih lc]_ \iqf/y Bcpcf m_lp[hnm b[p_ aii^ di\
72/1}
][h^c^[n_m [l_ fchcha oj `il nb_ Biggih Q_]locng_hn
37/5}
Dr[gch[ncih qbc]b n_mnm f_p_fm i` Dhafcmb- Bbch_m_ [h^ nb_
Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
6/8} 4/:}
44/3}
61/7}
22/2} 5/:}
3114
A[mc] K[q/ @^gchcmnl[ncp_ al[^_ [mjcl[hnm qiof^ ^i \_nn_l \s
Fip_lhg_hn ^_j[lng_hn Mih.aip_lhg_hn ila[hct[ncih Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
\ihcha oj ih jo\fc] [``[clm- l_[^cha h_qmj[j_l ]igg_hn[ls [h^ cgjlipcha [h[fsnc][f mecffm- m[s nbim_ ch nb_ ehiq/ Sb_
Sl_`_ll_^ ][l__lm
37/:}
311:
n_]bhcko_m `il [^gchcmnl[nilm [l_ m_ffcha fce_ bin ][e_m/ @hrciom
25/7}
S[\f_ 3
Sijof[l di\m
66/5}
3114
Sbcm s_[l- [fgimn ^io\f_ nb_ 3114 hog\_l q[hn [ di\ ch nb_ ]cpcf
Hh E_\lo[ls [h^ L[l]b 311:- GJEWF ]ih^o]n_^ [ molp_s ih nb_ _``_]nm i` nb_ `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm ih sioha j_ijf_ym [nncno^_m ni j_lmih[f `ch[h]_m +m__ Qin_,/ Nh_ i` nb_ ]f_[l_mn `ch^cham q[m b_cabn_h_^ [q[l_h_mm i` nb_ ip_lqb_fgcha cgjiln[h]_ i` e__jcha siol di\ ch nlio\f_^ _]ihigc] ncg_m/ Sbcm [q[l_h_mm ip_llc^_m _p_h nb_ ]ig`iln i` b[pcha f[la_ m[pcham/ Hh^__^- kocn_ [ hog\_l +25/7}, m[s hinbcha ][h acp_ nb_g [ m_hm_ i` m_]olcns +m__ S[\f_ 2,/
51/2}
311:
Olcp[n_ 0 ]igg_l]c[f ]igj[hs Nnb_l
Bcpcf R_lpc]_ Aol_[o cm aicha ni mn_j oj l_]locng_hn `il 8-811 2
3
><<?
><<A
jimnm [m nb_ oh_gjfisg_hn l[n_ lcm_m/ Sb_ ]cpcf m_lpc]_ _r[gm
A[hecha0gih_n[ls m_]nil0`ch[h]c[f m_lpc]_m
9/7}
21/9}
Gin_f [h^ ][n_lcha ch^omnls0niolcmg
22/4}
9/2}
ch Giha Jiha [l_ ch Ioh_/ Min fiha ni ai/
D^o][ncih0qlcncha0diolh[fcmg
7/2}
9/5}
Hh`ilg[ncih n_]bhifias
22/4}
6/9}
@]]iohncha
6/3}
5/8}
Vbif_m[f_ ~ l_n[cf
8/1}
5/8}
Bcpcf _hach__l0molp_sil0[l]bcn_]n
5/7}
5/4}
@^p_lncm_g_hn0^_mcah0gomc]0[ln0]igc]m
5/6}
4/:}
Ci]nil0holm_
5/4}
4/5}
K[qs_l
1/4}
3/4}
Ccm]cjfch_^ m_lpc]_m
4/3}
3/1}
L[ho`[]nolcha
4/1}
3/1}
Vb_h [me_^ ch qb[n ]cl]ogmn[h]_m nb_s qiof^ ]ihmc^_l
Hhmol[h]_
1/8}
2/5}
\illiqcha- 54/7} i` l_mjih^_hnm qiof^ ^i mi c` nb_s
Kiacmnc]m
6/3}
2/4}
q[hn_^ ni \os jlij_lns/ 37/7} qiof^ ^i mi ch il^_l ni
A_[ons0b[cl0g[e_oj [lncmn
4/5}
2/2}
Bl_[ncp_ Hh^omnlc_m
3/5}
2/2}
]ip_l nocncih `__m/ 33/8} m[c^ nb_s qiof^ hin \illiq gih_s
Ri]c[f qile_l
2/4}
1/3}
Dhn_ln[chg_hn
2/2}
w
Rjiln
1/8}
w
Nnb_l
1/8}
3/4}
Cihyn ehiq0hi jl_`_l_h]_
26/7}
43/1}
U[pcha [h^ mj_h^cha
S[\f_ 6
U[p_lm 9:/6}
21/3}
311:
M_[lfs :1} i` nb_ GJEWF 311: molp_s l_mjih^_hnm m[c^ nb_s q_l_ m[p_lm- \on q_ ^ihyn ehiq biq go]b nb_s m[p_^/ Sb_ g[ch l_[mihm nb_s a[p_ `il m[pcha q_l_ _g_la_h]c_m-
95/2}
26/8}
3118
a_nncha g[llc_^ il \oscha jlij_lns/ R[p_lm b[p_ []no[ffs ch]l_[m_^ mch]_ 3112- qb_h [h _[lfc_l molp_s mbiq_^ nb[n [\ion 92} jon gih_s [q[s +m__ S[\f_m 6 [h^ 7,/ 4
91/:}
W_m
oh^_l [hs ]cl]ogmn[h]_m +m__ S[\f_ 8,/ Q_mjihm_m qb_h [me_^ [\ion nb_ _``_]nm i` nb_ ]lcmcm ]iof^ _rjf[ch nbcm [nncno^_ +m__ S[\f_ 9,/
29/2}
3112 Mi
Nnb_l
S[\f_ 7 6/5}
T_[mihm ni m[p_ Eil _g_la_h]c_m Eil cgjiln[hn nbcham _/a/ ni \os jlij_lnsa_n g[llc_^ Nh_ mbiof^ m[p_ Kiha b[\cn Nnb_l
8/3}
7/3} 27/4}
75/8}
]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
89
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
8:
/DBI>A< FD:A9E
/DBI>A< FD:A9E
Sb_ msmn_g i` fi[hm n[e_h ion \s Giha Jiha mno^_hnm
Hr[gjf_m i` biq nb_ qilf^ cm l_[]ncha
S[\f_ 8
ni ]ip_l nb_cl `__m b[m ]ig_ oh^_l m]lonchs i` f[n_- [m
T_[mihm ni \illiq
cn a_nm `olnb_l chni ^_\n/ Hn [ffiqm mno^_hnm ni ]ihncho_
Si \os jlij_lns Si j[s nocncih `__m Mi h__^ ni \illiq Si loh [ \omch_mm Si j[s l_hn Si j[s i`` ]l_^cn ][l^ \[f[h]_ Si g[e_ [h chp_mng_hn Vb_h H h__^ ni \os _rj_hmcp_ cn_gm Si ai ih bifc^[s Vb_h chn_l_mn l[n_m [l_ fiq Vb_h_p_l H ][h Nnb_l
ch n_lnc[ls _^o][ncih qcnb fiq.chn_l_mn fi[hm/ Sb_ ]oll_hn l[n_ cm [jjlircg[n_fs 6} qbc]b ch]fo^_m [ 2/6} lcme [^domn_^ lcme l_]ip_ls `[]nil/ C_f[s_^ l_j[sg_hnm b[p_ \__h ch]l_[mcha [h^ nb_l_ b[p_ _p_h \__h ][m_m i` mno^_hnm qbi [l_ mifp_hn l_`omcha ni g[e_ l_j[sg_hnm/ Hh ]ihm_ko_h]_- aip_lhg_hn i``c]c[fm [l_ nbl_[n_hcha ni m_h^ ^[n[ ih mo]b \[^ ^_\nm ni ]l_^cn ][l^ cmmo_lmch [h [nn_gjn ni ]oln[cf `olnb_l ^_\n [h^ jl_p_hn mno^_hnm `lig a_nncha \[he fi[hm/ @m ][h \_ m__h `lig nb_ 311: GJEWF molp_s- nb_ hog\_l qbi [^gcl_ nbim_ qbi [l_ aii^ [n g[echa x`[mn gih_s-y [m cn cm ][ff_^ ch Giha Jiha- b[m ^_]fch_^ ^l[mnc][ffs/ K_[lhcha ni m[p_ ^_`chcn_fs n[e_m jl_]_^_h]_ ip_l f_[lhcha ni chp_mn +m__ S[\f_m : [h^ 21,/ @ s_[l il nqi [ai- nb_ h_qmj[j_lm ][llc_^ mnilc_m [\ion mno^_hnm lcmecha gih_s ih nb_ mni]e g[le_n nb[n q[m chn_h^_^ ni j[s `il nb_cl ohcp_lmcns `__m/ E[ffion `lig [ff nb_m_ l[mb chp_mng_hnm b[m s_n ni _g_la_/ Sb_ `ilnoh[n_ ih_m qcff mncff b[p_ di\m [h^ \_ [\f_ ni q[cn ohncf nb_ p[fo_ i` chp_mng_hnm ]fcg\m [a[ch/ Eil nbim_ qbi [l_ sioha _hioab h_p_l ni b[p_ chp_mn_^ [h^ fo]es _hioab ni b[p_ mj[l_ ][mb- nbcm cm [ n_gjncha ncg_/ Vcnb mni]e g[le_nm [fl_[^s [n bcmnilc][f fiqm- nb_ ko_mncih cm biq go]b fiq_l nb_s ][h ai/ Hm nbcm nb_cl gig_hn ni g[e_ nb_ jlip_l\c[f x`[mn \o]ey>
54/7} 37/7} 33/8} 28/1} :/1} 7/4} 6/7} 4/9} 4/3} 3/6} 2/5} 5/1}
Whncf l_]_hnfs9 g[hs sioha j_ijf_9 _mj_]c[ffs ch nb_ WN [h^ nb_ WU9 nbioabn nb_s ]iof^ b[p_ [hsnbcha nb_s q[hn_^ ih ]l_^cn9 qcnb hi h_a[ncp_ ]ihm_ko_h]_m; Dm `ch[h]c[f jli^o]nm \_][g_ _p_l gil_ mijbcmnc][n_^9 `ch[h]c[f fcn_l[]s _^o][ncih ]iof^ hin e__j j[]_; D fiha:f[mncha \_b[pciol[f ]b[ha_ ch [nncno^_m ni gih_s [h^ oj:ni:^[n_ mecffm ch j_lmih[f `ch[h]_ [l_ jl_p_hncp_ g_[mol_m ni \_ _h]iol[a_^ `il nb_ `onol_; Yb[n ][h \_ ^ih_ hiq [h^ biq ][h nb_ ]b[ha_ ch [nncno^_ \_ _h]iol[a_^C K_l_ [l_ mig_ _r[gjf_m i` mnl[n_ac_m \_cha om_^ ip_lm_[m;
\t ynk d]U g huuxy luw lotgtiogr kjzigyout r G;E88eL84E FGH7L B9 jdggg FGH78AGF J4F CH5?<F;87 4G G;8 8A7 B9 {4AH4EL iggpf zG J4F 6BA7H6G87 5L G;8 0A<I8EF<GL B9 ~4A6;8FG8E 4A7 FH::8FGF G;4G ?46> B9 :8A8E4? 9<A4A6<4? 87H64G<BA <F BA8 B9 G;8 F<K @4<A 6BAGE<5HG<A: 946GBEF GB G;8 C;8AB@8ABA B9 C8EFBA4? 785G 4A7 <AFB?I8A6Lf +G;8E @4<A 946GBEF J;<6; 6BAGE<5HG8 GB C8EFBA4? <AFB?I8A6L 4E8 @<FHF8 B9 6E87<G 64E7F 4A7 <EE8FCBAF<5?8 5BEEBJ<A:f /;8 FGH7L 9BHA7 G;4G FGH78AGF J;B ;47 6B@C?8G87 4A r }8I8?e8DH<I4?8AG DH4?<9<64G<BA <A 9<A4A6<4? FGH7<8F ;47 7E4@4G<64??L <@CEBI87 >ABJ?87:8d F><??F 4A7 6BA9<78A68 <A 9<A4A6<4? @4GG8EFf /;8 E8F84E6;8EF 6BA6?H787 G;4G ?BA:e?4FG<A: 58;4I<BHE4? 6;4A:8 6BH?7 E8FH?G
S[\f_ 9
H``_]nm i` nb_ ]lcmcm
9EB@ FH6; GE4<A<A:f
Hhp_mng_hn ch LOE 0 Olipc^_hn Eoh^ fimn Hhp_mng_hnm ^_jl_]c[n_^ ^l[mnc][ffs Hh]ig_ ^lijj_^ Bih`c^_h]_ ch nb_ `onol_ q[m fimn @mm_nm ^lijj_^ ch p[fo_ L_hn[f jl_mmol_ ch]l_[m_^ Kimn gs di\ Oi]e_n gih_s ^lijj_^ Q_f[ncihmbcj qcnb `[gcfs g_g\_lm ^_n_lcil[n_^ Nnb_l Minbcha
34/6} 34/4} 33/3} 2:/8} 29/3} 26/:} 26/8} 9/:} 7/4} 2/6} 33/7}
S[\f_ : 6/5}
O_[lhcha ni m[p_ il ni chp_mn
bnnj;00qqq/35^[mb/]ig0h_qm0D^o][ncih0311:.12.39.4.s_[l.mno^s.]ih`clgm.`ch[h]c[f._^o][ncih.]b[ha_m.\_b[pciol
\t ynk dbU lotgtiogr ynkwgv~ luw lgsor~ sutk~ joxuwjkwx /;BF8 J;B ;4I8 ?BFG G;8<E F8AF8 B9 9<A4A6<4? F86HE<GL @<:;G J8?6B@8 4 A8J ><A7 B9 G;8E4CL J;<6; BE<:<A4G87 <A G;8 0.f zG ;4F 588A 78I<F87 5L 6BHAF8??BEF 4A7 9<A4A6<4? 47I<F8EF GB GE84G J;4G 4E8 >ABJA 4F N@BA8L 7<FBE78EFfO /;8F8 7<FBE78EF <A6?H78 6B@CH?F<I8 F;BCC<A: 4A7 984E B9 785Gd 4F J8?? 4F FCB<?<A: 6;<?7E8A J<G; GE84GF <AFG847 B9 :<I<A: G;8@ ?BI8 4A7 4GG8AG<BAf +998E<A: <A789<A<G8 9<A4A6<4? FHCCBEG GB :EBJAeHC 6;<?7E8A J;B ?46> @BG<I4G<BA GB CEBI<78 9BE G;8@F8?I8F <F 4ABG;8E CEB5?8@ G;4G 9<A4A6<4? G;8E4CL 784?F J<G;f .B@8 6BHAF8??BEF B998E 6B@@BAF8AF8 47I<68f +G;8EF ;4I8 GE4<A87 4F G;8E4C<FGFf /;8<E G4E:8G 4H7<8A68 @4L J8?? 8KC4A7 7E4@4G<64??L <A G;8 94??BHG B9 G;8 9<A4A6<4? 6E<F<Ff bnnj;00qqq/cbn/]ig0[lnc]f_m0311901:0410[lnm0^cmil^_l/jbj
32/2}
K_[lh ni m[p_ qb_h sioha K_[lh biq ni chp_mn qb_h sioha Cihyn ehiq
Vwuztj ynk |uwrjU g jollkwkty qotj ul xg{otm 84/5}
r C<::Le54A> B9G8A :<I8F 6;<?7E8A G;8<E 9<EFG <784 B9 F4I<A:d 5HG F4I<A: B9 4 7<998E8AG ><A7 :B8F BA 4G 4 /<@8 s4A>f /;8 6BA68CG <AIB?I8F N78CBF<G<A:y BE :<I<A: G<@8d CE46G<64? ;8?C 4A7 F><??Fd E4G;8E G;4A ;4E7 64F;f 1;8A LBH A887 ;8?Cd LBH @4>8 4 NJ<G;7E4J4?y 9EB@ G;8
Qin_ Sb_ molp_s q[m ]ih^o]n_^ `lig 28 E_\lo[ls ni 5 L[l]b 311:/ 416 sioha j_ijf_- [a_^ 26.4: q_l_ chn_lpc_q_^- nb_ l_mjihm_ l[n_ q[m 76} [h^ nb_ mn[h^[l^ _llil q[m
3/:}/ C[n[ q[m q_cabn_^ [h^ [^domn_^ ni l_`f_]n nb_
[a_ ^cmnlc\oncih i` nb_ jijof[ncih/
N78CBF<GFy LBH ;4I8 @478f /;8 N78CBF<Gy 6BH?7 58 4ALG;<A:d 9EB@ @4><A: 4 C;BA8 64?? GB EHAA<A: 4A 8EE4A7d 9EB@ 545LF<GG<A: GB 9<K<A:
S[\f_ 21
Figg_hnm ih j_ijf_ qbi ][h g[e_ [ `[mn \o]e 2/6} 3/5}
3/1} 5/2}
24/6}
2
GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zE[]_ nb_ l_[fcns///{- 2BHG; ,B?? .8E<8F hhn-
3
GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zSb_ D``_]nm i` nb_ Ffi\[f Ech[h]c[f
><<@ 66/4}
Smoh[gc; Wioha j_ijf_ym pc_qm ih ][l__lm [h^ gih_s{- 2BHG; ,B?? .8E<8F
><<A
52/2}
36/5}
38/5}
GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zUc_qm ih g[echa gih_s///{- 2BHG; ,B?? .8E<8F hlp- I[ho[ls 3118/
8;
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PXiZ_ ;99B
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hoj- L[l]b 311:/ 4
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38/5}
@oaomn 3114/
4 6B@CHG8Ef ,8BC?8 B9 4?? 4:8F 64A G4>8 C4EG 4A7 G<@8e54A><A: G846;8F ><7F 45BHG G;8 I4?H8 B9 G<@8 4A7 F><??F 4F 6B@@B7<G<8Ff
H [^gcl_ gimn i` nb_g Hyg ch]fch_^ ni [^gcl_ nb_g H n_h^ hin ni [^gcl_ nb_g
H ^i hin [^gcl_ nb_g Cihyn ehiq 0 b[l^ ni m[s
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
8<
/DBI>A< FD:A9E
/DBI>A< FD:A9E
Sb_ msmn_g i` fi[hm n[e_h ion \s Giha Jiha mno^_hnm
Hr[gjf_m i` biq nb_ qilf^ cm l_[]ncha
S[\f_ 8
ni ]ip_l nb_cl `__m b[m ]ig_ oh^_l m]lonchs i` f[n_- [m
T_[mihm ni \illiq
cn a_nm `olnb_l chni ^_\n/ Hn [ffiqm mno^_hnm ni ]ihncho_
Si \os jlij_lns Si j[s nocncih `__m Mi h__^ ni \illiq Si loh [ \omch_mm Si j[s l_hn Si j[s i`` ]l_^cn ][l^ \[f[h]_ Si g[e_ [h chp_mng_hn Vb_h H h__^ ni \os _rj_hmcp_ cn_gm Si ai ih bifc^[s Vb_h chn_l_mn l[n_m [l_ fiq Vb_h_p_l H ][h Nnb_l
ch n_lnc[ls _^o][ncih qcnb fiq.chn_l_mn fi[hm/ Sb_ ]oll_hn l[n_ cm [jjlircg[n_fs 6} qbc]b ch]fo^_m [ 2/6} lcme [^domn_^ lcme l_]ip_ls `[]nil/ C_f[s_^ l_j[sg_hnm b[p_ \__h ch]l_[mcha [h^ nb_l_ b[p_ _p_h \__h ][m_m i` mno^_hnm qbi [l_ mifp_hn l_`omcha ni g[e_ l_j[sg_hnm/ Hh ]ihm_ko_h]_- aip_lhg_hn i``c]c[fm [l_ nbl_[n_hcha ni m_h^ ^[n[ ih mo]b \[^ ^_\nm ni ]l_^cn ][l^ cmmo_lmch [h [nn_gjn ni ]oln[cf `olnb_l ^_\n [h^ jl_p_hn mno^_hnm `lig a_nncha \[he fi[hm/ @m ][h \_ m__h `lig nb_ 311: GJEWF molp_s- nb_ hog\_l qbi [^gcl_ nbim_ qbi [l_ aii^ [n g[echa x`[mn gih_s-y [m cn cm ][ff_^ ch Giha Jiha- b[m ^_]fch_^ ^l[mnc][ffs/ K_[lhcha ni m[p_ ^_`chcn_fs n[e_m jl_]_^_h]_ ip_l f_[lhcha ni chp_mn +m__ S[\f_m : [h^ 21,/ @ s_[l il nqi [ai- nb_ h_qmj[j_lm ][llc_^ mnilc_m [\ion mno^_hnm lcmecha gih_s ih nb_ mni]e g[le_n nb[n q[m chn_h^_^ ni j[s `il nb_cl ohcp_lmcns `__m/ E[ffion `lig [ff nb_m_ l[mb chp_mng_hnm b[m s_n ni _g_la_/ Sb_ `ilnoh[n_ ih_m qcff mncff b[p_ di\m [h^ \_ [\f_ ni q[cn ohncf nb_ p[fo_ i` chp_mng_hnm ]fcg\m [a[ch/ Eil nbim_ qbi [l_ sioha _hioab h_p_l ni b[p_ chp_mn_^ [h^ fo]es _hioab ni b[p_ mj[l_ ][mb- nbcm cm [ n_gjncha ncg_/ Vcnb mni]e g[le_nm [fl_[^s [n bcmnilc][f fiqm- nb_ ko_mncih cm biq go]b fiq_l nb_s ][h ai/ Hm nbcm nb_cl gig_hn ni g[e_ nb_ jlip_l\c[f x`[mn \o]ey>
54/7} 37/7} 33/8} 28/1} :/1} 7/4} 6/7} 4/9} 4/3} 3/6} 2/5} 5/1}
Whncf l_]_hnfs9 g[hs sioha j_ijf_9 _mj_]c[ffs ch nb_ WN [h^ nb_ WU9 nbioabn nb_s ]iof^ b[p_ [hsnbcha nb_s q[hn_^ ih ]l_^cn9 qcnb hi h_a[ncp_ ]ihm_ko_h]_m; Dm `ch[h]c[f jli^o]nm \_][g_ _p_l gil_ mijbcmnc][n_^9 `ch[h]c[f fcn_l[]s _^o][ncih ]iof^ hin e__j j[]_; D fiha:f[mncha \_b[pciol[f ]b[ha_ ch [nncno^_m ni gih_s [h^ oj:ni:^[n_ mecffm ch j_lmih[f `ch[h]_ [l_ jl_p_hncp_ g_[mol_m ni \_ _h]iol[a_^ `il nb_ `onol_; Yb[n ][h \_ ^ih_ hiq [h^ biq ][h nb_ ]b[ha_ ch [nncno^_ \_ _h]iol[a_^C K_l_ [l_ mig_ _r[gjf_m i` mnl[n_ac_m \_cha om_^ ip_lm_[m;
\t ynk d]U g huuxy luw lotgtiogr kjzigyout r G;E88eL84E FGH7L B9 jdggg FGH78AGF J4F CH5?<F;87 4G G;8 8A7 B9 {4AH4EL iggpf zG J4F 6BA7H6G87 5L G;8 0A<I8EF<GL B9 ~4A6;8FG8E 4A7 FH::8FGF G;4G ?46> B9 :8A8E4? 9<A4A6<4? 87H64G<BA <F BA8 B9 G;8 F<K @4<A 6BAGE<5HG<A: 946GBEF GB G;8 C;8AB@8ABA B9 C8EFBA4? 785G 4A7 <AFB?I8A6Lf +G;8E @4<A 946GBEF J;<6; 6BAGE<5HG8 GB C8EFBA4? <AFB?I8A6L 4E8 @<FHF8 B9 6E87<G 64E7F 4A7 <EE8FCBAF<5?8 5BEEBJ<A:f /;8 FGH7L 9BHA7 G;4G FGH78AGF J;B ;47 6B@C?8G87 4A r }8I8?e8DH<I4?8AG DH4?<9<64G<BA <A 9<A4A6<4? FGH7<8F ;47 7E4@4G<64??L <@CEBI87 >ABJ?87:8d F><??F 4A7 6BA9<78A68 <A 9<A4A6<4? @4GG8EFf /;8 E8F84E6;8EF 6BA6?H787 G;4G ?BA:e?4FG<A: 58;4I<BHE4? 6;4A:8 6BH?7 E8FH?G
S[\f_ 9
H``_]nm i` nb_ ]lcmcm
9EB@ FH6; GE4<A<A:f
Hhp_mng_hn ch LOE 0 Olipc^_hn Eoh^ fimn Hhp_mng_hnm ^_jl_]c[n_^ ^l[mnc][ffs Hh]ig_ ^lijj_^ Bih`c^_h]_ ch nb_ `onol_ q[m fimn @mm_nm ^lijj_^ ch p[fo_ L_hn[f jl_mmol_ ch]l_[m_^ Kimn gs di\ Oi]e_n gih_s ^lijj_^ Q_f[ncihmbcj qcnb `[gcfs g_g\_lm ^_n_lcil[n_^ Nnb_l Minbcha
34/6} 34/4} 33/3} 2:/8} 29/3} 26/:} 26/8} 9/:} 7/4} 2/6} 33/7}
S[\f_ : 6/5}
O_[lhcha ni m[p_ il ni chp_mn
bnnj;00qqq/35^[mb/]ig0h_qm0D^o][ncih0311:.12.39.4.s_[l.mno^s.]ih`clgm.`ch[h]c[f._^o][ncih.]b[ha_m.\_b[pciol
\t ynk dbU lotgtiogr ynkwgv~ luw lgsor~ sutk~ joxuwjkwx /;BF8 J;B ;4I8 ?BFG G;8<E F8AF8 B9 9<A4A6<4? F86HE<GL @<:;G J8?6B@8 4 A8J ><A7 B9 G;8E4CL J;<6; BE<:<A4G87 <A G;8 0.f zG ;4F 588A 78I<F87 5L 6BHAF8??BEF 4A7 9<A4A6<4? 47I<F8EF GB GE84G J;4G 4E8 >ABJA 4F N@BA8L 7<FBE78EFfO /;8F8 7<FBE78EF <A6?H78 6B@CH?F<I8 F;BCC<A: 4A7 984E B9 785Gd 4F J8?? 4F FCB<?<A: 6;<?7E8A J<G; GE84GF <AFG847 B9 :<I<A: G;8@ ?BI8 4A7 4GG8AG<BAf +998E<A: <A789<A<G8 9<A4A6<4? FHCCBEG GB :EBJAeHC 6;<?7E8A J;B ?46> @BG<I4G<BA GB CEBI<78 9BE G;8@F8?I8F <F 4ABG;8E CEB5?8@ G;4G 9<A4A6<4? G;8E4CL 784?F J<G;f .B@8 6BHAF8??BEF B998E 6B@@BAF8AF8 47I<68f +G;8EF ;4I8 GE4<A87 4F G;8E4C<FGFf /;8<E G4E:8G 4H7<8A68 @4L J8?? 8KC4A7 7E4@4G<64??L <A G;8 94??BHG B9 G;8 9<A4A6<4? 6E<F<Ff bnnj;00qqq/cbn/]ig0[lnc]f_m0311901:0410[lnm0^cmil^_l/jbj
32/2}
K_[lh ni m[p_ qb_h sioha K_[lh biq ni chp_mn qb_h sioha Cihyn ehiq
Vwuztj ynk |uwrjU g jollkwkty qotj ul xg{otm 84/5}
r C<::Le54A> B9G8A :<I8F 6;<?7E8A G;8<E 9<EFG <784 B9 F4I<A:d 5HG F4I<A: B9 4 7<998E8AG ><A7 :B8F BA 4G 4 /<@8 s4A>f /;8 6BA68CG <AIB?I8F N78CBF<G<A:y BE :<I<A: G<@8d CE46G<64? ;8?C 4A7 F><??Fd E4G;8E G;4A ;4E7 64F;f 1;8A LBH A887 ;8?Cd LBH @4>8 4 NJ<G;7E4J4?y 9EB@ G;8
Qin_ Sb_ molp_s q[m ]ih^o]n_^ `lig 28 E_\lo[ls ni 5 L[l]b 311:/ 416 sioha j_ijf_- [a_^ 26.4: q_l_ chn_lpc_q_^- nb_ l_mjihm_ l[n_ q[m 76} [h^ nb_ mn[h^[l^ _llil q[m
3/:}/ C[n[ q[m q_cabn_^ [h^ [^domn_^ ni l_`f_]n nb_
[a_ ^cmnlc\oncih i` nb_ jijof[ncih/
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S[\f_ 21
Figg_hnm ih j_ijf_ qbi ][h g[e_ [ `[mn \o]e 2/6} 3/5}
3/1} 5/2}
24/6}
2
GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zE[]_ nb_ l_[fcns///{- 2BHG; ,B?? .8E<8F hhn-
3
GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zSb_ D``_]nm i` nb_ Ffi\[f Ech[h]c[f
><<@ 66/4}
Smoh[gc; Wioha j_ijf_ym pc_qm ih ][l__lm [h^ gih_s{- 2BHG; ,B?? .8E<8F
><<A
52/2}
36/5}
38/5}
GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zUc_qm ih g[echa gih_s///{- 2BHG; ,B?? .8E<8F hlp- I[ho[ls 3118/
8;
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
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hoj- L[l]b 311:/ 4
/;8 <AG8EA4G<BA4? G<@8e54A><A: @BI8@8AG J4F 9BHA787 5L v7:4E t4;A <A G;8 0. <A G;8 hpogFf y8 J4F 4 wH?5E<:;G F6;B?4E 4A7 4 24?8 ?4J FGH78AG <A G;8 hpmgFf y8 6;4@C<BA87 6<I<? E<:;GF <FFH8F 4A7 JBE>87 J<G; ,E8F<78AGF |8AA87L 4A7 {B;AFBA 589BE8 9BHA7<A: 4 *8J
38/5}
@oaomn 3114/
4 6B@CHG8Ef ,8BC?8 B9 4?? 4:8F 64A G4>8 C4EG 4A7 G<@8e54A><A: G846;8F ><7F 45BHG G;8 I4?H8 B9 G<@8 4A7 F><??F 4F 6B@@B7<G<8Ff
H [^gcl_ gimn i` nb_g Hyg ch]fch_^ ni [^gcl_ nb_g H n_h^ hin ni [^gcl_ nb_g
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PXiZ_ ;99B
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Dpc^_h]_ moaa_mnm nb[n _p_h jlimj_]ncp_ _gjfis_lm [l_ [fq[sm
_]ihigs- q_ b[p_ mcgjfs \_]ig_ om_^ ni q[fecha chni nb_
fce_fs ni fiie jimcncp_fs ih [ 6HEE<6H?H@ I<G48 nb[n ch^c][n_m
di\m i` iol ]bic]_/ Eil ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m- nbcm l_[fcns q[m
chn_lhmbcj _rj_lc_h]_- chmn_[^ i` hi []ncpcns [n [ff/ Vcnb nb_
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_hb[h]_^ \s b[h^mig_ j[s j[]e[a_m [h^ [ ^_al__ i` mi]c[f
mecffm- ehiqf_^a_ [h^ _rj_lc_h]_ a[ch_^- chn_lhmbcjm i``_l [
][oabn gs _s_ w nb[n i` [ff_pc[ncha oh_gjfisg_hn `il sioha
_hn_l_^ chni [ m]b_g_ nb[n [`n_l b[f` [ s_[l jf[]_m nb_g hi
mn[nom/ Miq- `[]_^ qcnb [ p_ls ^c``c]ofn [h^ ^c``_l_hn m]_h[lci-
]igj_ncncp_ _^a_ ni nbim_ qbi b[p_ ^ih_ hinbcha/ Hhn_lhmbcj
j_ijf_- j[lnc]of[lfs nb_ i``_lcha i` chn_lhmbcjm ni ohcp_lmcns
]fim_l ni `off ncg_ _gjfisg_hn nb[h \_`il_/ Sb_s [fmi ^i hin
iol jl_pciomfs b_f^ m_hm_ i` _hncnf_g_hn g[s \_ jl_p_hncha
_rj_lc_h]_ ch^c][n_m m_lciomh_mm [\ion q[hncha ni qile- [m
mno^_hnm/
q[hn ni `__f _rjficn_^ \s \_cha j[c^ nii fcnnf_/ @ff nb[n nb_
om `lig i\d_]ncp_fs q_cabcha oj nb_ \_h_`cnm i` chn_lhmbcjm/
q_ff [m [ qcffchah_mm ni ^i qb[n cn n[e_m ni a_n [b_[^- _p_h c` nb_ n_gjil[f l_q[l^m [l_ f[]echa/ Hhn_lhmbcjm- ch `[]n- [l_ [
aip_lhg_hn b[m m[c^ cm nb[n nb_s qcff mo\mc^ct_ _[]b chn_lh ni Sb_ Ech[h]c[f R_]l_n[ls b[m ]iggcnn_^ nb_ aip_lhg_hn ni
nb_ noh_ i` GJ|3-111 [h^ nb[n nb_ gihnbfs m[f[ls h__^m ni \_
Si \_ []]ol[n_- chn_lhmbcjm [l_ [ jli]_mm \s qbc]b [ mno^_hn w il
`ilg i` _hb[h]cha _gjfis[\cfcns ni^[s `il ijjilnohcnc_m
_[lg[le GJ|251 gcffcih ni mo\mc^ct_ nb_ bclcha i` ohcp_lmcns
ch _r]_mm i` GJ|5-111/ Aon nb_l_ [l_ hi ^_n[cfm i` _r[]nfs biq
[ l_]_hn al[^o[n_ w oh^_lai_m moj_lpcm_^- jl[]nc][f nl[chcha ch
nigilliq- cll_mj_]ncp_ i` nb_ _]ihigc] ]fcg[n_/
al[^o[n_m \s ]igj[hc_m [m chn_lhm `il \_nq__h mcr gihnbm ni
go]b nb_ gchcgog l_goh_l[ncih gcabn \_/
[ qilecha _hpclihg_hn- a[nb_lcha _rj_lc_h]_- a[chcha ehiqf_^a_
[ s_[l- ih [ ao[l[hn__^ m[f[ls i` hi f_mm nb[h GJ|5-111/ Vbcf_ nb_m_ ]ih]_lhm [l_ l_[f- H [fmi m__ nb_ l_fo]n[h]_ i` mig_
[h^ \ocf^cha nb_ h_nqilem nb[n [l_ mi h_]_mm[ls `il `onol_
Hhn_lhmbcjm b[p_ [ hi\cfcns [\ion nb_g nb[n j_lb[jm q_ b[p_
_gjfisg_hn/
ip_lfiie_^ [ff nb_m_ s_[lm/ Hh nb_ _h^- nb_ clihs gcabn \_ nb[n chn_lhmbcjm ch Giha Jiha a[ch ch jl_mnca_ [h^ mn[nol_ [m [
Sb_l_ b[p_ \__h gcr_^ l_[]ncihm ni nbcm jlijim[f- `lig nbim_
ni j[lnc]cj[n_ ch nb_ m]b_g_ \_][om_ nb_l_ cm [ m_hm_ i` nb_
ch [][^_gc[- ch jifcnc]m- ch \omch_mm [h^ hin f_[mn- [gihamn
ohehiqh/ Thfce_ iol ]iohn_lj[lnm [lioh^ nb_ qilf^- q_ ch
Tmo[ffs nb_ j_lci^ i` chn_lhmbcj i` hin gil_ nb[h [ s_[l il
l_mofn i` nbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/ Hhn_lhmbcjm hiq \_cha chnli^o]_^
ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m nb_gm_fp_m/ Sbim_ [a[chmn nb_ jlijim[f
Giha Jiha [l_ hin l_[ffs `[gcfc[l qcnb nb_ qbif_ ]ih]_jn i`
nqi- cm m__h [m [ p[fo[\f_ ijjilnohcns qb_h g_hnilm [h^
ni nc^_ ip_l ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m gcabn p_ls q_ff ionfcp_ nb[n
^_]ls nb_ chn_lhmbcj m]b_g_ [m mcgjfs [ mbiln.n_lg jfis i`
chn_lhmbcjm [m mig_nbcha qilnbqbcf_/ Sb_l_ cm [ f[la_ m_ag_hn
_rj_lnm aoc^_ nb_ chn_lh- qb_h b_ il mb_ f_[lhm `clmnb[h^ nb_
`oh]ncih [h^ ]ig_ ni []kocl_ nb_ l_mj_]n nb_s ^_m_lp_- domn [m
aip_lhg_hn ni fiq_l nb_ di\f_mm l[n_m- il [m hinbcha gil_ nb[h
i` nb_ ]iggohcns qbim_ ]ih]_jn i` chn_lhmbcj cm i` mig_nbcha
n[mem [h^ n_]bhcko_m h__^_^ ni \_]ig_ \_nn_l jli`_mmcih[fm/
nb_s b[p_ ip_lm_[m/
jlipc^cha x]b_[j f[\ioly ni ]iljil[ncihm [h^ \omch_mm/ Sbim_
qcnb fcnnf_ p[fo_- qcnb hi fiha.n_lg \_h_`cnm/ Hhmn_[^- chn_lhmbcjm
Limn cgjiln[hnfs chn_lhmbcjm [l_ [ h[nol[f j[ln i` ][l__l
qbi mojjiln nb_ g_[mol_m mnl_mm nb_ _rj_lc_hnc[f [h^
[l_ m__h [m fiq.j[c^- fiq.mecff_^- xmnij.a[jy g_[mol_m nb[n hi
^_p_fijg_hn/ Sb_s [l_ hin m__h [m ihfs n_gjil[ls il
Mi ih_ l_[ffs ehiqm biq fiha nbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm qcff f[mn [h^
_^o][ncih[f ko[fcnc_m nb[n chn_lhmbcjm i``_l/
ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_ mbiof^ \_ [me_^ ni `cff/
nl[hmcncih[f g_[mol_m \lioabn ch ni jf[s [ lif_ qb_h _]ihigc_m
q_ l_[ffs h__^ ni n[e_ ]ihmnlo]ncp_ mn_jm ni b_fj sioha j_ijf_
[l_ ch ]lcmcm/ Vbcf_ q_ ehiq g_^c][f [h^ f[q al[^o[n_m chn_lh
a_n mn[ln_^/ Vbcf_ nb_ aip_lhg_hn mbiof^ n[e_ nb_ ncg_ ni
Sb_m_ [l_ a_hoch_ [hrc_nc_m [h^ nb_s gomn \_ [^^l_mm_^ \inb
Nh_ ][h oh^_lmn[h^ nbcm j_l]_jncih i` chn_lhmbcjm- [m q_ff [m
[m j[ln i` nb_cl ihaicha _^o][ncih- ch inb_l ]iohnlc_m- chn_lhmbcjm
[hmq_l nb_ ^io\n_lm- g[s\_ nb_ l_mn i` om qiof^ ^i q_ff ni
\s aip_lhg_hn [m q_ff [m j[lnc]cj[ncha \omch_mm_m [h^
nb_ ]igg_hnm hiq [nnlc\on_^ ni nb_ m]b_g_/ G[pcha
[l_ m__h [m nb_ `clmn mn_j i` jli`_mmcih[f ^_p_fijg_hn/
l_]ihmc^_l nb_ g_lcnm [h^ p[fo_ i` chn_lhmbcjm/
z34> ,=?4.70 ,;;0,=0/ 49 8:/4140/ 1:=8 49 ?30 +AGF: p:;@3 zAD@;@9 }AEF\ s,=.3 \U [YYbW
8=
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PXiZ_ ;99B
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Lhn_lhmbcjm Hhb[h]cha Hgjfis[\cfcns
\s Qim[hh[ Viha _rj_lc_h]_^ s_[lm [h^ s_[lm i` jlimj_lcns [h^ [ \iigcha
Dpc^_h]_ moaa_mnm nb[n _p_h jlimj_]ncp_ _gjfis_lm [l_ [fq[sm
_]ihigs- q_ b[p_ mcgjfs \_]ig_ om_^ ni q[fecha chni nb_
fce_fs ni fiie jimcncp_fs ih [ 6HEE<6H?H@ I<G48 nb[n ch^c][n_m
di\m i` iol ]bic]_/ Eil ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m- nbcm l_[fcns q[m
chn_lhmbcj _rj_lc_h]_- chmn_[^ i` hi []ncpcns [n [ff/ Vcnb nb_
N` nb_ g[hs jlijim[fm ch nb_ 311:.21 \o^a_n- ih_ [\ip_ [ff
_hn_ljlcm_m/ Wioha al[^o[n_m ^i hin q[hn ni `__f nb[n nb_s b[p_
_hb[h]_^ \s b[h^mig_ j[s j[]e[a_m [h^ [ ^_al__ i` mi]c[f
mecffm- ehiqf_^a_ [h^ _rj_lc_h]_ a[ch_^- chn_lhmbcjm i``_l [
][oabn gs _s_ w nb[n i` [ff_pc[ncha oh_gjfisg_hn `il sioha
_hn_l_^ chni [ m]b_g_ nb[n [`n_l b[f` [ s_[l jf[]_m nb_g hi
mn[nom/ Miq- `[]_^ qcnb [ p_ls ^c``c]ofn [h^ ^c``_l_hn m]_h[lci-
]igj_ncncp_ _^a_ ni nbim_ qbi b[p_ ^ih_ hinbcha/ Hhn_lhmbcj
j_ijf_- j[lnc]of[lfs nb_ i``_lcha i` chn_lhmbcjm ni ohcp_lmcns
]fim_l ni `off ncg_ _gjfisg_hn nb[h \_`il_/ Sb_s [fmi ^i hin
iol jl_pciomfs b_f^ m_hm_ i` _hncnf_g_hn g[s \_ jl_p_hncha
_rj_lc_h]_ ch^c][n_m m_lciomh_mm [\ion q[hncha ni qile- [m
mno^_hnm/
q[hn ni `__f _rjficn_^ \s \_cha j[c^ nii fcnnf_/ @ff nb[n nb_
om `lig i\d_]ncp_fs q_cabcha oj nb_ \_h_`cnm i` chn_lhmbcjm/
q_ff [m [ qcffchah_mm ni ^i qb[n cn n[e_m ni a_n [b_[^- _p_h c` nb_ n_gjil[f l_q[l^m [l_ f[]echa/ Hhn_lhmbcjm- ch `[]n- [l_ [
aip_lhg_hn b[m m[c^ cm nb[n nb_s qcff mo\mc^ct_ _[]b chn_lh ni Sb_ Ech[h]c[f R_]l_n[ls b[m ]iggcnn_^ nb_ aip_lhg_hn ni
nb_ noh_ i` GJ|3-111 [h^ nb[n nb_ gihnbfs m[f[ls h__^m ni \_
Si \_ []]ol[n_- chn_lhmbcjm [l_ [ jli]_mm \s qbc]b [ mno^_hn w il
`ilg i` _hb[h]cha _gjfis[\cfcns ni^[s `il ijjilnohcnc_m
_[lg[le GJ|251 gcffcih ni mo\mc^ct_ nb_ bclcha i` ohcp_lmcns
ch _r]_mm i` GJ|5-111/ Aon nb_l_ [l_ hi ^_n[cfm i` _r[]nfs biq
[ l_]_hn al[^o[n_ w oh^_lai_m moj_lpcm_^- jl[]nc][f nl[chcha ch
nigilliq- cll_mj_]ncp_ i` nb_ _]ihigc] ]fcg[n_/
al[^o[n_m \s ]igj[hc_m [m chn_lhm `il \_nq__h mcr gihnbm ni
go]b nb_ gchcgog l_goh_l[ncih gcabn \_/
[ qilecha _hpclihg_hn- a[nb_lcha _rj_lc_h]_- a[chcha ehiqf_^a_
[ s_[l- ih [ ao[l[hn__^ m[f[ls i` hi f_mm nb[h GJ|5-111/ Vbcf_ nb_m_ ]ih]_lhm [l_ l_[f- H [fmi m__ nb_ l_fo]n[h]_ i` mig_
[h^ \ocf^cha nb_ h_nqilem nb[n [l_ mi h_]_mm[ls `il `onol_
Hhn_lhmbcjm b[p_ [ hi\cfcns [\ion nb_g nb[n j_lb[jm q_ b[p_
_gjfisg_hn/
ip_lfiie_^ [ff nb_m_ s_[lm/ Hh nb_ _h^- nb_ clihs gcabn \_ nb[n chn_lhmbcjm ch Giha Jiha a[ch ch jl_mnca_ [h^ mn[nol_ [m [
Sb_l_ b[p_ \__h gcr_^ l_[]ncihm ni nbcm jlijim[f- `lig nbim_
ni j[lnc]cj[n_ ch nb_ m]b_g_ \_][om_ nb_l_ cm [ m_hm_ i` nb_
ch [][^_gc[- ch jifcnc]m- ch \omch_mm [h^ hin f_[mn- [gihamn
ohehiqh/ Thfce_ iol ]iohn_lj[lnm [lioh^ nb_ qilf^- q_ ch
Tmo[ffs nb_ j_lci^ i` chn_lhmbcj i` hin gil_ nb[h [ s_[l il
l_mofn i` nbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/ Hhn_lhmbcjm hiq \_cha chnli^o]_^
ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m nb_gm_fp_m/ Sbim_ [a[chmn nb_ jlijim[f
Giha Jiha [l_ hin l_[ffs `[gcfc[l qcnb nb_ qbif_ ]ih]_jn i`
nqi- cm m__h [m [ p[fo[\f_ ijjilnohcns qb_h g_hnilm [h^
ni nc^_ ip_l ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m gcabn p_ls q_ff ionfcp_ nb[n
^_]ls nb_ chn_lhmbcj m]b_g_ [m mcgjfs [ mbiln.n_lg jfis i`
chn_lhmbcjm [m mig_nbcha qilnbqbcf_/ Sb_l_ cm [ f[la_ m_ag_hn
_rj_lnm aoc^_ nb_ chn_lh- qb_h b_ il mb_ f_[lhm `clmnb[h^ nb_
`oh]ncih [h^ ]ig_ ni []kocl_ nb_ l_mj_]n nb_s ^_m_lp_- domn [m
aip_lhg_hn ni fiq_l nb_ di\f_mm l[n_m- il [m hinbcha gil_ nb[h
i` nb_ ]iggohcns qbim_ ]ih]_jn i` chn_lhmbcj cm i` mig_nbcha
n[mem [h^ n_]bhcko_m h__^_^ ni \_]ig_ \_nn_l jli`_mmcih[fm/
nb_s b[p_ ip_lm_[m/
jlipc^cha x]b_[j f[\ioly ni ]iljil[ncihm [h^ \omch_mm/ Sbim_
qcnb fcnnf_ p[fo_- qcnb hi fiha.n_lg \_h_`cnm/ Hhmn_[^- chn_lhmbcjm
Limn cgjiln[hnfs chn_lhmbcjm [l_ [ h[nol[f j[ln i` ][l__l
qbi mojjiln nb_ g_[mol_m mnl_mm nb_ _rj_lc_hnc[f [h^
[l_ m__h [m fiq.j[c^- fiq.mecff_^- xmnij.a[jy g_[mol_m nb[n hi
^_p_fijg_hn/ Sb_s [l_ hin m__h [m ihfs n_gjil[ls il
Mi ih_ l_[ffs ehiqm biq fiha nbcm `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm qcff f[mn [h^
_^o][ncih[f ko[fcnc_m nb[n chn_lhmbcjm i``_l/
ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_ mbiof^ \_ [me_^ ni `cff/
nl[hmcncih[f g_[mol_m \lioabn ch ni jf[s [ lif_ qb_h _]ihigc_m
q_ l_[ffs h__^ ni n[e_ ]ihmnlo]ncp_ mn_jm ni b_fj sioha j_ijf_
[l_ ch ]lcmcm/ Vbcf_ q_ ehiq g_^c][f [h^ f[q al[^o[n_m chn_lh
a_n mn[ln_^/ Vbcf_ nb_ aip_lhg_hn mbiof^ n[e_ nb_ ncg_ ni
Sb_m_ [l_ a_hoch_ [hrc_nc_m [h^ nb_s gomn \_ [^^l_mm_^ \inb
Nh_ ][h oh^_lmn[h^ nbcm j_l]_jncih i` chn_lhmbcjm- [m q_ff [m
[m j[ln i` nb_cl ihaicha _^o][ncih- ch inb_l ]iohnlc_m- chn_lhmbcjm
[hmq_l nb_ ^io\n_lm- g[s\_ nb_ l_mn i` om qiof^ ^i q_ff ni
\s aip_lhg_hn [m q_ff [m j[lnc]cj[ncha \omch_mm_m [h^
nb_ ]igg_hnm hiq [nnlc\on_^ ni nb_ m]b_g_/ G[pcha
[l_ m__h [m nb_ `clmn mn_j i` jli`_mmcih[f ^_p_fijg_hn/
l_]ihmc^_l nb_ g_lcnm [h^ p[fo_ i` chn_lhmbcjm/
z34> ,=?4.70 ,;;0,=0/ 49 8:/4140/ 1:=8 49 ?30 +AGF: p:;@3 zAD@;@9 }AEF\ s,=.3 \U [YYbW
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6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
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PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
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27@:>9BE8BC:
27@:>9BE8BC:
Xc]ciom ]cl]f_B jli`cf_ i` oh_gjfis_^ sionb Vbcm m_]ncih `_[nol_m nb_ `ch^cham i` [ I_^_l[ncih jiff molp_s [\ion oh_gjfisg_hn; Ln niie jf[]_ ch _[lfs ><<A [h^ ch]fo^_^ jli`cf_m i` nq_hns l_mjih^_hnm qbi b[^ \__h ion i` qile `il mig_ ncg_; Ubiln _rnl[]nm `lig chn_lpc_qm qcnb nb_g [l_ dorn[jim_^ qcnb ^[n[ `lig nb_ jiff [h^ inb_l mn[ncmnc]m; Rjchcihm ih nb_ mcno[ncih `lig p[lciom m_]nilm i` nb_ ]ih]_lh_^ jo\fc] ]ih]fo^_ nb_ [lnc]f_9 jlipc^cha nb_ l_[^_l qcnb [ e[f_c^im]ij_ i` pc_qm;
Ffcgjm_m i` fc`_ [m [ sioha oh_gjfis_^ j_lmih D^s Sb_s h[a g_ hih.mnij ni `ch^ [ di\/ H ][hyn mn[h^ cn/ Hn a_nm qilm_ [h^ qilm_ nb_ fiha_l H mj_h^ [n big_/ Xc]es H ][h pifohn__l [h^ ^i biom_qile/ H fiie [`n_l nb_ ec^m [n ]bol]b [h^ f_[^ [ `locn`of fc`_ ^_mjcn_ oh_gjfisg_hn/ Mcgc H b[p_ fcnnf_ m_f`.l_mj_]n [h^ go]b f_mm m_f`.]ih`c^_h]_/ H `__f om_f_mm [h^ gs `[gcfs nbche Hyg aicha hiqb_l_/ Q_^ Sb_ f_mm H n[fe ni j_ijf_- nb_ f_mm [jj_ncn_ H b[p_- [h^ nb_ gil_ H [g ch]fch_^ ni bc^_ [q[s/ Ycff Ls mnl[n_as cm ni ^i j[ln.ncg_ di\m ch l_f[n_^ ch^omnlc_m/ Hn e__jm g_ ]ihh_]n_^ [h^ H []]ogof[n_ qile _rj_lc_h]_/
Mih Ls fc`_ cm [ff gii^ mqcham .. pcif_hn ]igjon_l a[g_m- joh]bcha q[ffm^lijjcha ]ca[l_nn_ \onnm [h^ s_ffcha [n j_ijf_/
G[h Nlcach[ffs H _rj_]n_^ [ `cp_.^cacn m[f[ls/ Miq H nbche gil_ [\ion [ ]igj[hsym \[]ealioh^ [h^ di\ h[nol_/ Hnym gil_ cgjiln[hn ni f_[lh nb[h ni _[lh/ Il[hes Sb_s nolh i`` gs ]igjon_l [h^ `il]_ g_ ion ih nb_ mnl__nm ni fiie `il qile/ Aon Hyp_ fimn ]ih`c^_h]_/ Sb[n g[e_m cn _p_h b[l^_l- qbc]b g[e_m g_ `__f _p_h qilm_/ Hnym [ pc]ciom ]cl]f_/
Mi_s @ff gs `lc_h^m n[fe [\ion cm qile [h^ mno^s/ Sb_l_ym hin go]b f_`n `il g_ ni m[s ni nb_g hiq mi H m__ nb_g f_mm [h^ f_mm i`n_h/ U[h^s H mj_h^ [ff ^[s n[fecha ni gs ]igjon_lfc`_ b[m mfiq_^ ^iqh/ H mf__j///[h^ mf__j/// [h^ q[e_ oj f[n_///[h^ ^ihyn q[hn ni a_n oj/
U[g Sb_l_ [l_ [fq[sm n_gjn[ncihm/ @ `lc_h^ nlc_^ _p_h ni j_lmo[^_ g_ ni li\ nb_ _f^_lfs/
Y[ff[]_ H q[m n_gjn_^ ni \_]ig_ [ ^loa ^_[f_l/ Hyg hin m][l_^ qb_h Hyg ^_mj_l[n_/ Sb_ ihfs nbcha nb[n mnijj_^ g_ q[m `_[l i` a_nncha ][oabn/
Xch]_hn Rig_ nl[chcha cm `l__ \on H ^io\n cnym om_`of [h^ ]_lnc`c][n_m g[s hin \_ l_]iahct_^/ Fip_lhg_hn g[s b_fj [ al_[n ^_[f \on nb_l_ym hi `l__ foh]b/
Yshh Rnl_mm cm m_f`.g[^_/ H ^ihyn q[mn_ gs gih_s [h^ gs m[pcham qcff f[mn [ qbcf_/ Ls `[gcfs cm mojjilncp_ [h^ b_fjm ion qcnb _rj_hm_m/
Nh nb_ ionmc^_ fiiecha ch
L[jjcha nb_ ijncihm
L[ch `ch^cham i` [ mno^s ih sionb oh_gjfisg_hn [l_ \_fiq +m__ Qin_ 3,/ Vb_h [me_^ qb[n l_mjih^_hnm q[hn_^ gimn- nb_ [hmq_lm q_l_ [m `iffiqm/
Oiil chn_lpc_q [h^ di\.bohncha mecffm- f[]e i` qile _rj_lc_h]_ [h^ fiq [][^_gc] []bc_p_g_hn [l_ ]iggih jli\f_gm- [m cm f[]e i` gincp[ncih ni qile/ Rig_ ]igjf[ch nb_s ^ihyn ehiq _hioab [\ion `ch^cha di\m- f[]e c^_[m [\ion ][l__l jf[hhcha il b[p_ f_[lhcha ^c``c]ofnc_m/
Ro\mc^c_m ni nb_ jlcp[n_ m_]nil il MFNm ni ]l_[n_ di\ ijjilnohcnc_m ////////R57/2} A_nn_l _gjfis[\cfcns nblioab gil_ nl[chcha jlial[gg_m //RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR53/2} Fip_lhg_hn.jlipc^_^ n_gjil[ls di\m /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR/RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR45/6} S[cfil.g[^_ nl[chcha `il nb_ oh^_ljlcpcf_a_^ /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR/RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR44/1} Rj__^cha oj ch`l[mnlo]nol_ ni ]l_[n_ di\ ijjilnohcnc_m /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR43/5} Kiq.chn_l_mn fi[h jf[hm `il \omch_mm.mn[ln.ojm /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR/RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR2:/2} Drj[hmcih i` aip_lhg_hn di\.nl[chcha +WOSO [h^ WVDSR, /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR25/1} GJEWF _rn_h^_^ nb_m_ `ch^cham qcnb 31 ][m_ mno^c_m i` oh_gjfis_^ 27.35 s_[l.if^m- 28 g[f_ [h^ 4 `_g[f_/ @ff q_l_ l_`_ll_^ \s nb_ E_^_l[ncihym m_lpc]_ ohcnm/ 7 b[^ ]igjf_n_^ dohcil m_]ih^[ls _^o][ncih- 22 q_hn ih ni m_hcil m_]ih^[ls [h^ 4 b[^ n_lnc[ls _^o][ncih/ @ff b[^ \__h oh_gjfis_^ `il [n f_[mn 7 i` nb_ 23 gihnbm \_`il_ nb_ chn_lpc_qm/ 6 m[c^ nb_s b[^ f_[lhcha ^c``c]ofnc_m/ 6 q_l_ \ilh ch g[chf[h^ Bbch[- [h^ 4 i` nb_m_ [llcp_^ qcnbch nb_ f[mn 8 s_[lm/ 28 q_l_ mncff oh_gjfis_^ [h^ 4 b[^ `ioh^ di\m qb_h chn_lpc_q_^/ Sb_ koin_m ih j[a_ 51 [l_ \[m_^ ih nb_cl chn_lpc_qm/
P[dil miol]_ i` mnl_mm ^olcha oh_gjfisg_hn
P[dil miol]_ i` _gincih[f mojjiln ^olcha oh_gjfisg_hn 6/7}
27/:}
:/7}
2/2}
3/9}
3/4}
:/7} 29/7}
42/2}
61/4}
:/7}
3/9} 5/1}
Ich[h]c[f mojjiln ^olcha oh_gjfisg_hn
6/2}
47/3}
7/9}
Giq_p_l- nb_ al_[n_mn j_lmih[f jli\f_g `il Giha Jihaym sioha oh_gjfis_^ [jj_[lm ni \_ b[pcha ni mn[s [n big_/ Hh ip_l]liq^_^mg[ff [j[lng_hnm- cn cm cgjimmc\f_ ni l_nl_[n chni mifcno^_/ Bigjf[chnm [h^ mhc^_ ]igg_hnm `lig ohmsgj[nb_nc] mc\fcham il j[l_hnm [aal[p[n_ [fl_[^s ip_lm_hmcncp_ `__fcham/ Romjc]cih i` qile.mbsh_mm [h^ l_fo]n[h]_ ni f_h^ gih_s [^^ `o_f ni nb_ `cl_/
35/:}
23/5}
34/8}
37/7}
R_f`
Linb_l
E[nb_l
Elc_h^m [h^ j__lm
Rc\fcham
Nnb_l
Mi\i^s
Ri]c[f ]cl]f_m h[lliq [m ncg_ ion i` qile f_hanb_hm/ Acn \s \cn- nb_ di\f_mm a_n ion i` nio]b/ Vilm_- nb_s ]ig_ chni ]ihn[]n qcnb j_nns ]lcgch[fm/ O[ln.ncg_- fiq.al[^_ il n_gjil[ls di\m [l_ i`n_h nb_cl ihfs ijncih ohf_mm nb_s ][h [``il^ `olnb_l mno^s il nl[chcha/ Bigj_ncncih cm `c_l]_ [h^ mig_ ]f_lc][f jimnm qcnb aip_lhg_hn hiq l_kocl_ Eilg 8 il al[^o[n_ [jjfc][hnm qb_l_ Eilg 6 q[m ih]_ _hioab/ Sb_ h__^ ni g[e_ ^iqhq[l^ [^domng_hnm i` m[f[ls [h^ ][l__l _rj_]n[ncihm cm ch_pcn[\f_/ Sb_ cgj_l[ncp_ ni nbche jimcncp_fsg[chn[ch gig_hnog [h^ [\ip_ [ff ni e__j ch nio]b qcnb `[gcfs- `lc_h^m [h^ [hsih_ qbi ][h i``_l a_hoch_ b_fj l[nb_l nb[h \[h^.[c^m/
]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
95
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
96
27@:>9BE8BC:
27@:>9BE8BC:
Xc]ciom ]cl]f_B jli`cf_ i` oh_gjfis_^ sionb Vbcm m_]ncih `_[nol_m nb_ `ch^cham i` [ I_^_l[ncih jiff molp_s [\ion oh_gjfisg_hn; Ln niie jf[]_ ch _[lfs ><<A [h^ ch]fo^_^ jli`cf_m i` nq_hns l_mjih^_hnm qbi b[^ \__h ion i` qile `il mig_ ncg_; Ubiln _rnl[]nm `lig chn_lpc_qm qcnb nb_g [l_ dorn[jim_^ qcnb ^[n[ `lig nb_ jiff [h^ inb_l mn[ncmnc]m; Rjchcihm ih nb_ mcno[ncih `lig p[lciom m_]nilm i` nb_ ]ih]_lh_^ jo\fc] ]ih]fo^_ nb_ [lnc]f_9 jlipc^cha nb_ l_[^_l qcnb [ e[f_c^im]ij_ i` pc_qm;
Ffcgjm_m i` fc`_ [m [ sioha oh_gjfis_^ j_lmih D^s Sb_s h[a g_ hih.mnij ni `ch^ [ di\/ H ][hyn mn[h^ cn/ Hn a_nm qilm_ [h^ qilm_ nb_ fiha_l H mj_h^ [n big_/ Xc]es H ][h pifohn__l [h^ ^i biom_qile/ H fiie [`n_l nb_ ec^m [n ]bol]b [h^ f_[^ [ `locn`of fc`_ ^_mjcn_ oh_gjfisg_hn/ Mcgc H b[p_ fcnnf_ m_f`.l_mj_]n [h^ go]b f_mm m_f`.]ih`c^_h]_/ H `__f om_f_mm [h^ gs `[gcfs nbche Hyg aicha hiqb_l_/ Q_^ Sb_ f_mm H n[fe ni j_ijf_- nb_ f_mm [jj_ncn_ H b[p_- [h^ nb_ gil_ H [g ch]fch_^ ni bc^_ [q[s/ Ycff Ls mnl[n_as cm ni ^i j[ln.ncg_ di\m ch l_f[n_^ ch^omnlc_m/ Hn e__jm g_ ]ihh_]n_^ [h^ H []]ogof[n_ qile _rj_lc_h]_/
Mih Ls fc`_ cm [ff gii^ mqcham .. pcif_hn ]igjon_l a[g_m- joh]bcha q[ffm^lijjcha ]ca[l_nn_ \onnm [h^ s_ffcha [n j_ijf_/
G[h Nlcach[ffs H _rj_]n_^ [ `cp_.^cacn m[f[ls/ Miq H nbche gil_ [\ion [ ]igj[hsym \[]ealioh^ [h^ di\ h[nol_/ Hnym gil_ cgjiln[hn ni f_[lh nb[h ni _[lh/ Il[hes Sb_s nolh i`` gs ]igjon_l [h^ `il]_ g_ ion ih nb_ mnl__nm ni fiie `il qile/ Aon Hyp_ fimn ]ih`c^_h]_/ Sb[n g[e_m cn _p_h b[l^_l- qbc]b g[e_m g_ `__f _p_h qilm_/ Hnym [ pc]ciom ]cl]f_/
Mi_s @ff gs `lc_h^m n[fe [\ion cm qile [h^ mno^s/ Sb_l_ym hin go]b f_`n `il g_ ni m[s ni nb_g hiq mi H m__ nb_g f_mm [h^ f_mm i`n_h/ U[h^s H mj_h^ [ff ^[s n[fecha ni gs ]igjon_lfc`_ b[m mfiq_^ ^iqh/ H mf__j///[h^ mf__j/// [h^ q[e_ oj f[n_///[h^ ^ihyn q[hn ni a_n oj/
U[g Sb_l_ [l_ [fq[sm n_gjn[ncihm/ @ `lc_h^ nlc_^ _p_h ni j_lmo[^_ g_ ni li\ nb_ _f^_lfs/
Y[ff[]_ H q[m n_gjn_^ ni \_]ig_ [ ^loa ^_[f_l/ Hyg hin m][l_^ qb_h Hyg ^_mj_l[n_/ Sb_ ihfs nbcha nb[n mnijj_^ g_ q[m `_[l i` a_nncha ][oabn/
Xch]_hn Rig_ nl[chcha cm `l__ \on H ^io\n cnym om_`of [h^ ]_lnc`c][n_m g[s hin \_ l_]iahct_^/ Fip_lhg_hn g[s b_fj [ al_[n ^_[f \on nb_l_ym hi `l__ foh]b/
Yshh Rnl_mm cm m_f`.g[^_/ H ^ihyn q[mn_ gs gih_s [h^ gs m[pcham qcff f[mn [ qbcf_/ Ls `[gcfs cm mojjilncp_ [h^ b_fjm ion qcnb _rj_hm_m/
Nh nb_ ionmc^_ fiiecha ch
L[jjcha nb_ ijncihm
L[ch `ch^cham i` [ mno^s ih sionb oh_gjfisg_hn [l_ \_fiq +m__ Qin_ 3,/ Vb_h [me_^ qb[n l_mjih^_hnm q[hn_^ gimn- nb_ [hmq_lm q_l_ [m `iffiqm/
Oiil chn_lpc_q [h^ di\.bohncha mecffm- f[]e i` qile _rj_lc_h]_ [h^ fiq [][^_gc] []bc_p_g_hn [l_ ]iggih jli\f_gm- [m cm f[]e i` gincp[ncih ni qile/ Rig_ ]igjf[ch nb_s ^ihyn ehiq _hioab [\ion `ch^cha di\m- f[]e c^_[m [\ion ][l__l jf[hhcha il b[p_ f_[lhcha ^c``c]ofnc_m/
Ro\mc^c_m ni nb_ jlcp[n_ m_]nil il MFNm ni ]l_[n_ di\ ijjilnohcnc_m ////////R57/2} A_nn_l _gjfis[\cfcns nblioab gil_ nl[chcha jlial[gg_m //RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR53/2} Fip_lhg_hn.jlipc^_^ n_gjil[ls di\m /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR/RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR45/6} S[cfil.g[^_ nl[chcha `il nb_ oh^_ljlcpcf_a_^ /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR/RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR44/1} Rj__^cha oj ch`l[mnlo]nol_ ni ]l_[n_ di\ ijjilnohcnc_m /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR43/5} Kiq.chn_l_mn fi[h jf[hm `il \omch_mm.mn[ln.ojm /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR/RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR2:/2} Drj[hmcih i` aip_lhg_hn di\.nl[chcha +WOSO [h^ WVDSR, /RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR25/1} GJEWF _rn_h^_^ nb_m_ `ch^cham qcnb 31 ][m_ mno^c_m i` oh_gjfis_^ 27.35 s_[l.if^m- 28 g[f_ [h^ 4 `_g[f_/ @ff q_l_ l_`_ll_^ \s nb_ E_^_l[ncihym m_lpc]_ ohcnm/ 7 b[^ ]igjf_n_^ dohcil m_]ih^[ls _^o][ncih- 22 q_hn ih ni m_hcil m_]ih^[ls [h^ 4 b[^ n_lnc[ls _^o][ncih/ @ff b[^ \__h oh_gjfis_^ `il [n f_[mn 7 i` nb_ 23 gihnbm \_`il_ nb_ chn_lpc_qm/ 6 m[c^ nb_s b[^ f_[lhcha ^c``c]ofnc_m/ 6 q_l_ \ilh ch g[chf[h^ Bbch[- [h^ 4 i` nb_m_ [llcp_^ qcnbch nb_ f[mn 8 s_[lm/ 28 q_l_ mncff oh_gjfis_^ [h^ 4 b[^ `ioh^ di\m qb_h chn_lpc_q_^/ Sb_ koin_m ih j[a_ 51 [l_ \[m_^ ih nb_cl chn_lpc_qm/
P[dil miol]_ i` mnl_mm ^olcha oh_gjfisg_hn
P[dil miol]_ i` _gincih[f mojjiln ^olcha oh_gjfisg_hn 6/7}
27/:}
:/7}
2/2}
3/9}
3/4}
:/7} 29/7}
42/2}
61/4}
:/7}
3/9} 5/1}
Ich[h]c[f mojjiln ^olcha oh_gjfisg_hn
6/2}
47/3}
7/9}
Giq_p_l- nb_ al_[n_mn j_lmih[f jli\f_g `il Giha Jihaym sioha oh_gjfis_^ [jj_[lm ni \_ b[pcha ni mn[s [n big_/ Hh ip_l]liq^_^mg[ff [j[lng_hnm- cn cm cgjimmc\f_ ni l_nl_[n chni mifcno^_/ Bigjf[chnm [h^ mhc^_ ]igg_hnm `lig ohmsgj[nb_nc] mc\fcham il j[l_hnm [aal[p[n_ [fl_[^s ip_lm_hmcncp_ `__fcham/ Romjc]cih i` qile.mbsh_mm [h^ l_fo]n[h]_ ni f_h^ gih_s [^^ `o_f ni nb_ `cl_/
35/:}
23/5}
34/8}
37/7}
R_f`
Linb_l
E[nb_l
Elc_h^m [h^ j__lm
Rc\fcham
Nnb_l
Mi\i^s
Ri]c[f ]cl]f_m h[lliq [m ncg_ ion i` qile f_hanb_hm/ Acn \s \cn- nb_ di\f_mm a_n ion i` nio]b/ Vilm_- nb_s ]ig_ chni ]ihn[]n qcnb j_nns ]lcgch[fm/ O[ln.ncg_- fiq.al[^_ il n_gjil[ls di\m [l_ i`n_h nb_cl ihfs ijncih ohf_mm nb_s ][h [``il^ `olnb_l mno^s il nl[chcha/ Bigj_ncncih cm `c_l]_ [h^ mig_ ]f_lc][f jimnm qcnb aip_lhg_hn hiq l_kocl_ Eilg 8 il al[^o[n_ [jjfc][hnm qb_l_ Eilg 6 q[m ih]_ _hioab/ Sb_ h__^ ni g[e_ ^iqhq[l^ [^domng_hnm i` m[f[ls [h^ ][l__l _rj_]n[ncihm cm ch_pcn[\f_/ Sb_ cgj_l[ncp_ ni nbche jimcncp_fsg[chn[ch gig_hnog [h^ [\ip_ [ff ni e__j ch nio]b qcnb `[gcfs- `lc_h^m [h^ [hsih_ qbi ][h i``_l a_hoch_ b_fj l[nb_l nb[h \[h^.[c^m/
]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
95
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
96
27@:>9BE8BC:
.D:E= ;B8GE
25-611 h_q ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m qcff \_ fiiecha `il di\m ch Giha Jiha [n nb_ _h^ i` L[s
A_`il_ nb_ ^iqhnolh- nb_s _rj_]n_^ GJ|23-111.26-111 [ gihnb
45} i` sionb [a_^ 26 ni 35 m[s nb_s b[p_ \__h oh_gjfis_^ ch nb_ j[mn s_[l2
71} i` n__hm ch [ 311: molp_s qbi f_`n m]biif \_`il_ Eilg 8 [l_ oh_gjfis_^3
I[]nm [h^ `caol_m
75/6} i` nb_ nin[f oh_gjfis_^ jijof[ncih ch Giha Jiha b[p_ g[nlc]of[n_^4
91} i` oh^_lal[^o[n_m m[s nb_s qcff n[e_ oj chn_lhmbcjm5
71} i` oh^_lal[^o[n_m [l_ qcffcha ni qile ih nb_ g[chf[h^6
6/7 gcffcih al[^o[n_^ `lig g[chf[h^ ohcp_lmcnc_m f[mn s_[l- 2/6 gcffcih b[p_ hi di\m [h^ [hinb_l 7/2 gcffcih qcff al[^o[n_ nbcm s_[l7
Iil gil_ nb[h jli`cnB sionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_m Iiol sionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_m b[p_ \__h m_n oj \s KNIZJ ch nb_ f[mn nqi s_[lm; Vb_ `clmn nqi q_l_ Xgl* TS ih nb_ alioh^ `fiil i` nb_ I_^_l[ncihym b_[^ko[ln_lm ch Qilnb Sichn [h^ `wupkiy akhuuq9 [ m_]ih^b[h^ \iiemnil_; Yuujsgmoi9 qbc]b m_ffm l_[^s:ni:]iie `ii^:j[]em ni \oms j_ijf_9 [h^ nb_ gofncg_^c[ mno^ci qilembij \sgmk TS ][g_ h_rn; Dff `iol b[p_ mi]c[f9 _hpclihg_hn[f il _^o][ncih[f ai[fm [h^ nb_cl jli`cn cm jfioab_^ \[]e chni nb_ \omch_mm ch il^_l ni g__n nb_m_ ai[fm;
F[`t >=
cm [ ]bc] b[ha.ion ih nb_ alioh^ `fiil i` nb_ E_^_l[ncihym b_[^ko[ln_lm ch Milnb Oichn/ Hn i``_lm al_[n m_lpc]_ ni j_ijf_ qilecha ch nb_ \ocf^cha [h^ ni ][mo[f ]omnig_lm qbi mjin cn ih nb_ q[s chni nb_ Po[lls A[s LSQ domn [ `_q mn_jm [q[s/ Sb_ ][`v b[m [ `off. ncg_ mn[`` i` mcr- gimn i` qbig [l_ [a_^ 33 ni 38 [h^ f_`n m]biif [`n_l Eilg 4/ Sb_s [l_ l_fcmbcha nb_ ]b[h]_ ni a_n qile _rj_lc_h]_ [h^ \ocf^ m_f`.]ih`c^_h]_/ C_fc]ciom \l_[e`[mnm- b_[lns foh]b_m [h^ _f_a[hn mh[]em [l_ m_lp_^ [h^ [ h_q p_hnol_ cm ][n_lcha `il jlcp[n_ j[lnc_m/ Rn[`` a[ch_^ p[fo[\f_ _rj_lc_h]_ i` _p_hn ][n_lcha [n nb_ i``c]c[f ij_hcha i` nb_ b_[^ko[ln_lm \ocf^cha ch C_]_g\_l 3119/ Rcha- qbi cm ch ]b[la_ i` nb_ h_[l\s GJEWF Wionb RONS 32 [m q_ff [m nb_ ][`v- m[sm;
Sb_ q_f`[l_ h_n ch Giha Jiha cm ohfce_ nbim_ ch g[hs ^_p_fij_^ mi]c_nc_m/ El_mb ion i` m]biif il ]iff_a_- \_nq__h di\m il domn f[c^.i``- siohamn_lm [l_ _rj_]n_^ ni `_h^ `il nb_gm_fp_m/ Dp_h c` nb_s fcp_ [n big_ [h^ nb_s il nb_cl `[gcfs ko[fc`s `il g_[hm. n_mn_^ BRR@ +Bigjl_b_hmcp_ Ri]c[f R_]olcns @mmcmn[h]_,- nb_s mncff b[p_ ni ]ihnlc\on_ ni biom_bif^ _rj_hm_m/ Nhfs nbim_ chmof[n_^ \s q_[fnb ][h _p[^_ nbcm \lon_ l_[fcns/ Eil nbim_ qbi `[cf- gihnb [`n_l gihinihiom gihnb- cnym [ nioab ][ff/ Vb[n ]bic]_m ^i nb_s b[p_> Sb_l_ [l_ aip_lhg_hn m]b_g_m [h^ jlijim[fm `il di\m [h^ chn_lhmbcjm/ Thcp_lmcnc_m m[s nb_s qcff ch]l_[m_ dohcil l_m_[l]b jimnm/ Sb_ Ui][ncih[f Sl[chcha Bioh]cf [h^ nb_ Hhmncnon_ `il Ui][ncih[f D^o][ncih \inb jlipc^_ qilejf[]_ mecffm nl[chcha/ B[h nb_s b_fj _hioab> GJEWF cm jonncha ch jf[]_ [ msmn_g ni b_fj oh_gjfis_^ sionb h[pca[n_ nblioab nb_ g[t_ i` di\ ch`ilg[ncih/ Dgjfis_lm qcff n_ff om [\ion p[][h]c_m [h^ chn_lhmbcjm/ Thcp_lmcnc_m [h^ m]biifm qcff n_ff nb_cl mno^_hnm ni ][ff om [h^ l_acmn_l [m di\.m__e_lm/ Sb_ [cg cm ni \lc^a_ nb_ a[j \_nq__h sionb qbi h__^ qile [h^ _gjfis_lm qbi h__^ qile_lm- \_`il_ nb_s [l_ nl[jj_^ ch nb_ _p_h gil_ pc]ciom ]cl]f_ i` fiha.n_lg oh_gjfisg_hn/ Qin_m 2 @ff h[g_m [l_ `c]ncnciom ni jlin_]n c^_hncnc_m/ 3 Sb_ n_f_jbih_ molp_s jiff_^ 645 26.35 s_[l.if^ g_g\_lm i` nb_ GJEWF Wionb Dgjfisg_hn M_nqile/ 81/9} q_l_ ch `off.ncg_ _gjfisg_hn- 26/8} b[^ j[ln. ncg_ di\m [h^ ]iof^ \_ ]f[mmc`c_^ [m oh^_l._gjfis_^/ 24/6} +291, i` l_mjih^_hnm q_l_ oh_gjfis_^- [h^ 22/9} b[^ hi ch]ig_/
Uiol]_m 2 GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zSb_ cgj[]n i` nb_ sionb oh_gjfisg_hn ch nb_ gc^mn i` nb_ afi\[f `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/{ 2BHG; .GH7L .8E<8F kh- E_\lo[ls 311:/ 3 Giha Jiha Bblcmnc[h R_lpc]_ molp_s- E_\lo[ls 311:/ 4 zB[gjom Ds_/{ /;8 .G4A74E7- L[l]b 4- 311:/ 5 C_gi]l[nc] @ffc[h]_ `il nb_ A_nn_lg_hn i` Olial_mm ch Giha Jiha molp_s- E_\lo[ls 311:/ 6 Giha Jiha Bf_lc][f [h^ Oli`_mmcih[f Dgjfis__m F_h_l[f Thcih molp_s- l_jiln_^ ch yBA: |BA: tB@@8E6<4? u4<?L- E_\lo[ls 27- 311:/ 7 Bbch_m_ @][^_gs i` Ri]c[f R]c_h]_m molp_s +C_]_g\_l 311:,- l_jiln_^ ch .BHG; t;<A4 ~BEA<A: ,BFG- I[ho[ls 9- 311:/
t49M ih [ ]ig`iln[\f_ jf[]_ ni _[n
Zionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_ Wionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_ +WRD, chcnc[ncp_m- mo]b [m nbim_ i` GJEWFm_n oj jli`cn.g[echa \omch_mm_m ni n[]ef_ [ mi]c[f il _hpclihg_hn[f h__^/ Rojjiln `il WRDm ][h ch]fo^_ g_hnilmbcjm- \omch_mm ]ihn[]n h_nqilem- b_fj ih nb_ alioh^ [h^ mig_ncg_m `ch[h]c[f \[]echa/ Hh Giha Jiha- nb_ aip_lhg_hn `oh^cha ]_cfcha `il _[]b [jjlip_^ jlid_]n cm GJ|4 gcffcih `il [ j_lci^ i` nqi s_[lm `lig nb_ ]igg_h]_g_hn i` ij_l[ncih/ Sbl__ i` GJEWFy m WRDm l_]_cp_^ aip_lhg_hn `oh^cha i` \_nq__h GJ|1/8 gcffcih [h^ GJ|2/12 gcffcih/ L[hs b[p_ l_]_cp_^ ]ihmc^_l[\fs gil_/ WRDm mo]]__^ ch g[chn[chcha gig_hnog qb_h nb_l_ cm [ ]lcnc][f g[mm i` ]iggcnn_^ mn[e_bif^_lm/ Sb_ \_mn chmjcl_ inb_l mn[ln.ojm ni `iffiq mocn- a_h_l[ncha jli`cn ni `olnb_l nb_cl mn[n_^ mi]c[f il _hpclihg_hn[f ai[f l[nb_l nb[h g[rcgctcha mb[l_bif^_l p[fo_/ Vb_l_ mig_ \omch_mm_m [l_ ehiqh [m xhin.`il.jli`cny nb_m_ ]iof^ \_ ^_m]lc\_^ [m `il xgil_.nb[h.jli`cn/y
z Xgl* TS [cgm ni b_fj f_mm ]igj_ncncp_ sioha qile_lm []kocl_ di\ mecffm; Lnym [ jf[]_ qb_l_ nb_s ][h _mn[\fcmb mifc^ _rj_lc_h]_ [h^ ^_p_fij mocn[\f_ qile [nncno^_m9 n[echa jlc^_ ch nb_cl qile qcnb om; Y_ \_fc_p_ iol bcab ko[fcns m_lpc]_ [h^ l_[mih[\f_ jlc]_m g[e_ om mn[h^ ion `lig inb_l ][n_l_lm;{ Ucha9 USRV >= Slid_]n T_\iie ][g_ h_rn/ Hnym [ m_]ih^b[h^ \iiemnil_ qcnb nqi ionf_nm m_ffcha aii^ \iiem i` [ff ech^m ch \inb Dhafcmb [h^ Bbch_m_/ Sb_ mi]c[f pcmcih \_bch^ nb_ _hn_ljlcm_ cm ni _h]iol[a_ l_[^cha `il _p_ls\i^s- \_][om_ cn `cl_m nb_ cg[ach[ncih [h^ ]ihdol_m oj g[lp_ffiom g_hn[f cg[a_m- \on [fmi \_][om_ cn m_lp_m g[hs _^o][ncih[f joljim_m/ Sb_ `clmn ,EB=86G -85BB> mnil_ ij_h_^ ch L[s 3119- qcnb boh^l_^m i` bcab ko[fcns om_^ ncnf_m [n [nnl[]ncp_ jlc]_m ih cnm mb_fp_m/ Rn[`` [ll[ha_ \iie \[t[[lm [n m]biifmmbijjcha g[ffm [h^ ]iggohcns ]_hnl_m- l[cmcha [q[l_h_mm i` nb_ qih^_l`of qilf^ i` \iiem [h^ l_[^cha/ Sb_s [fq[sm q_f]ig_ ^ih[ncihm i` aii^ ko[fcns \iiem- ch]fo^cha `c]ncih]igc]m [h^ l_`_l_h]_ qilem [h^ nb_l_ cm [ jc]e.oj m_lpc]_ `il ^ihilm/ Hnym p_ls b[l^ ni nbliq ion \iiem \on q_ [ff ,EB=86G -85BB> ionf_n ch W[o L[ S_c b[p_ ni ^i cn mig_ ncg_/ ,EB=86G -85BB> _hmol_m nb[n siol \iiem ai ni aii^ big_m- \_]igcha j[ln i` [h _hpclihg_hn.`lc_h^fs l_]s]fcha jlial[gg_/
zakhuuq jlipc^_m g_ qcnb [ ]b[hh_f ni ]ihn[]n ]omnig_lm `lig [ff q[fem i` fc`_ [h^ L [g b[jjs ni f_[lh nb_ [mmi]c[n_^ mecffm i` l_n[cfcha [h^ ]omnig_l m_lpc]_m;{ Y[c:scj9 mn[`` [n Slid_]n T_\iie ]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
97
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
98
27@:>9BE8BC:
.D:E= ;B8GE
25-611 h_q ohcp_lmcns al[^o[n_m qcff \_ fiiecha `il di\m ch Giha Jiha [n nb_ _h^ i` L[s
A_`il_ nb_ ^iqhnolh- nb_s _rj_]n_^ GJ|23-111.26-111 [ gihnb
45} i` sionb [a_^ 26 ni 35 m[s nb_s b[p_ \__h oh_gjfis_^ ch nb_ j[mn s_[l2
71} i` n__hm ch [ 311: molp_s qbi f_`n m]biif \_`il_ Eilg 8 [l_ oh_gjfis_^3
I[]nm [h^ `caol_m
75/6} i` nb_ nin[f oh_gjfis_^ jijof[ncih ch Giha Jiha b[p_ g[nlc]of[n_^4
91} i` oh^_lal[^o[n_m m[s nb_s qcff n[e_ oj chn_lhmbcjm5
71} i` oh^_lal[^o[n_m [l_ qcffcha ni qile ih nb_ g[chf[h^6
6/7 gcffcih al[^o[n_^ `lig g[chf[h^ ohcp_lmcnc_m f[mn s_[l- 2/6 gcffcih b[p_ hi di\m [h^ [hinb_l 7/2 gcffcih qcff al[^o[n_ nbcm s_[l7
Iil gil_ nb[h jli`cnB sionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_m Iiol sionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_m b[p_ \__h m_n oj \s KNIZJ ch nb_ f[mn nqi s_[lm; Vb_ `clmn nqi q_l_ Xgl* TS ih nb_ alioh^ `fiil i` nb_ I_^_l[ncihym b_[^ko[ln_lm ch Qilnb Sichn [h^ `wupkiy akhuuq9 [ m_]ih^b[h^ \iiemnil_; Yuujsgmoi9 qbc]b m_ffm l_[^s:ni:]iie `ii^:j[]em ni \oms j_ijf_9 [h^ nb_ gofncg_^c[ mno^ci qilembij \sgmk TS ][g_ h_rn; Dff `iol b[p_ mi]c[f9 _hpclihg_hn[f il _^o][ncih[f ai[fm [h^ nb_cl jli`cn cm jfioab_^ \[]e chni nb_ \omch_mm ch il^_l ni g__n nb_m_ ai[fm;
F[`t >=
cm [ ]bc] b[ha.ion ih nb_ alioh^ `fiil i` nb_ E_^_l[ncihym b_[^ko[ln_lm ch Milnb Oichn/ Hn i``_lm al_[n m_lpc]_ ni j_ijf_ qilecha ch nb_ \ocf^cha [h^ ni ][mo[f ]omnig_lm qbi mjin cn ih nb_ q[s chni nb_ Po[lls A[s LSQ domn [ `_q mn_jm [q[s/ Sb_ ][`v b[m [ `off. ncg_ mn[`` i` mcr- gimn i` qbig [l_ [a_^ 33 ni 38 [h^ f_`n m]biif [`n_l Eilg 4/ Sb_s [l_ l_fcmbcha nb_ ]b[h]_ ni a_n qile _rj_lc_h]_ [h^ \ocf^ m_f`.]ih`c^_h]_/ C_fc]ciom \l_[e`[mnm- b_[lns foh]b_m [h^ _f_a[hn mh[]em [l_ m_lp_^ [h^ [ h_q p_hnol_ cm ][n_lcha `il jlcp[n_ j[lnc_m/ Rn[`` a[ch_^ p[fo[\f_ _rj_lc_h]_ i` _p_hn ][n_lcha [n nb_ i``c]c[f ij_hcha i` nb_ b_[^ko[ln_lm \ocf^cha ch C_]_g\_l 3119/ Rcha- qbi cm ch ]b[la_ i` nb_ h_[l\s GJEWF Wionb RONS 32 [m q_ff [m nb_ ][`v- m[sm;
Sb_ q_f`[l_ h_n ch Giha Jiha cm ohfce_ nbim_ ch g[hs ^_p_fij_^ mi]c_nc_m/ El_mb ion i` m]biif il ]iff_a_- \_nq__h di\m il domn f[c^.i``- siohamn_lm [l_ _rj_]n_^ ni `_h^ `il nb_gm_fp_m/ Dp_h c` nb_s fcp_ [n big_ [h^ nb_s il nb_cl `[gcfs ko[fc`s `il g_[hm. n_mn_^ BRR@ +Bigjl_b_hmcp_ Ri]c[f R_]olcns @mmcmn[h]_,- nb_s mncff b[p_ ni ]ihnlc\on_ ni biom_bif^ _rj_hm_m/ Nhfs nbim_ chmof[n_^ \s q_[fnb ][h _p[^_ nbcm \lon_ l_[fcns/ Eil nbim_ qbi `[cf- gihnb [`n_l gihinihiom gihnb- cnym [ nioab ][ff/ Vb[n ]bic]_m ^i nb_s b[p_> Sb_l_ [l_ aip_lhg_hn m]b_g_m [h^ jlijim[fm `il di\m [h^ chn_lhmbcjm/ Thcp_lmcnc_m m[s nb_s qcff ch]l_[m_ dohcil l_m_[l]b jimnm/ Sb_ Ui][ncih[f Sl[chcha Bioh]cf [h^ nb_ Hhmncnon_ `il Ui][ncih[f D^o][ncih \inb jlipc^_ qilejf[]_ mecffm nl[chcha/ B[h nb_s b_fj _hioab> GJEWF cm jonncha ch jf[]_ [ msmn_g ni b_fj oh_gjfis_^ sionb h[pca[n_ nblioab nb_ g[t_ i` di\ ch`ilg[ncih/ Dgjfis_lm qcff n_ff om [\ion p[][h]c_m [h^ chn_lhmbcjm/ Thcp_lmcnc_m [h^ m]biifm qcff n_ff nb_cl mno^_hnm ni ][ff om [h^ l_acmn_l [m di\.m__e_lm/ Sb_ [cg cm ni \lc^a_ nb_ a[j \_nq__h sionb qbi h__^ qile [h^ _gjfis_lm qbi h__^ qile_lm- \_`il_ nb_s [l_ nl[jj_^ ch nb_ _p_h gil_ pc]ciom ]cl]f_ i` fiha.n_lg oh_gjfisg_hn/ Qin_m 2 @ff h[g_m [l_ `c]ncnciom ni jlin_]n c^_hncnc_m/ 3 Sb_ n_f_jbih_ molp_s jiff_^ 645 26.35 s_[l.if^ g_g\_lm i` nb_ GJEWF Wionb Dgjfisg_hn M_nqile/ 81/9} q_l_ ch `off.ncg_ _gjfisg_hn- 26/8} b[^ j[ln. ncg_ di\m [h^ ]iof^ \_ ]f[mmc`c_^ [m oh^_l._gjfis_^/ 24/6} +291, i` l_mjih^_hnm q_l_ oh_gjfis_^- [h^ 22/9} b[^ hi ch]ig_/
Uiol]_m 2 GJEWF Wionb Q_m_[l]b B_hnl_/ zSb_ cgj[]n i` nb_ sionb oh_gjfisg_hn ch nb_ gc^mn i` nb_ afi\[f `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/{ 2BHG; .GH7L .8E<8F kh- E_\lo[ls 311:/ 3 Giha Jiha Bblcmnc[h R_lpc]_ molp_s- E_\lo[ls 311:/ 4 zB[gjom Ds_/{ /;8 .G4A74E7- L[l]b 4- 311:/ 5 C_gi]l[nc] @ffc[h]_ `il nb_ A_nn_lg_hn i` Olial_mm ch Giha Jiha molp_s- E_\lo[ls 311:/ 6 Giha Jiha Bf_lc][f [h^ Oli`_mmcih[f Dgjfis__m F_h_l[f Thcih molp_s- l_jiln_^ ch yBA: |BA: tB@@8E6<4? u4<?L- E_\lo[ls 27- 311:/ 7 Bbch_m_ @][^_gs i` Ri]c[f R]c_h]_m molp_s +C_]_g\_l 311:,- l_jiln_^ ch .BHG; t;<A4 ~BEA<A: ,BFG- I[ho[ls 9- 311:/
t49M ih [ ]ig`iln[\f_ jf[]_ ni _[n
Zionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_ Wionb mi]c[f _hn_ljlcm_ +WRD, chcnc[ncp_m- mo]b [m nbim_ i` GJEWFm_n oj jli`cn.g[echa \omch_mm_m ni n[]ef_ [ mi]c[f il _hpclihg_hn[f h__^/ Rojjiln `il WRDm ][h ch]fo^_ g_hnilmbcjm- \omch_mm ]ihn[]n h_nqilem- b_fj ih nb_ alioh^ [h^ mig_ncg_m `ch[h]c[f \[]echa/ Hh Giha Jiha- nb_ aip_lhg_hn `oh^cha ]_cfcha `il _[]b [jjlip_^ jlid_]n cm GJ|4 gcffcih `il [ j_lci^ i` nqi s_[lm `lig nb_ ]igg_h]_g_hn i` ij_l[ncih/ Sbl__ i` GJEWFy m WRDm l_]_cp_^ aip_lhg_hn `oh^cha i` \_nq__h GJ|1/8 gcffcih [h^ GJ|2/12 gcffcih/ L[hs b[p_ l_]_cp_^ ]ihmc^_l[\fs gil_/ WRDm mo]]__^ ch g[chn[chcha gig_hnog qb_h nb_l_ cm [ ]lcnc][f g[mm i` ]iggcnn_^ mn[e_bif^_lm/ Sb_ \_mn chmjcl_ inb_l mn[ln.ojm ni `iffiq mocn- a_h_l[ncha jli`cn ni `olnb_l nb_cl mn[n_^ mi]c[f il _hpclihg_hn[f ai[f l[nb_l nb[h g[rcgctcha mb[l_bif^_l p[fo_/ Vb_l_ mig_ \omch_mm_m [l_ ehiqh [m xhin.`il.jli`cny nb_m_ ]iof^ \_ ^_m]lc\_^ [m `il xgil_.nb[h.jli`cn/y
z Xgl* TS [cgm ni b_fj f_mm ]igj_ncncp_ sioha qile_lm []kocl_ di\ mecffm; Lnym [ jf[]_ qb_l_ nb_s ][h _mn[\fcmb mifc^ _rj_lc_h]_ [h^ ^_p_fij mocn[\f_ qile [nncno^_m9 n[echa jlc^_ ch nb_cl qile qcnb om; Y_ \_fc_p_ iol bcab ko[fcns m_lpc]_ [h^ l_[mih[\f_ jlc]_m g[e_ om mn[h^ ion `lig inb_l ][n_l_lm;{ Ucha9 USRV >= Slid_]n T_\iie ][g_ h_rn/ Hnym [ m_]ih^b[h^ \iiemnil_ qcnb nqi ionf_nm m_ffcha aii^ \iiem i` [ff ech^m ch \inb Dhafcmb [h^ Bbch_m_/ Sb_ mi]c[f pcmcih \_bch^ nb_ _hn_ljlcm_ cm ni _h]iol[a_ l_[^cha `il _p_ls\i^s- \_][om_ cn `cl_m nb_ cg[ach[ncih [h^ ]ihdol_m oj g[lp_ffiom g_hn[f cg[a_m- \on [fmi \_][om_ cn m_lp_m g[hs _^o][ncih[f joljim_m/ Sb_ `clmn ,EB=86G -85BB> mnil_ ij_h_^ ch L[s 3119- qcnb boh^l_^m i` bcab ko[fcns om_^ ncnf_m [n [nnl[]ncp_ jlc]_m ih cnm mb_fp_m/ Rn[`` [ll[ha_ \iie \[t[[lm [n m]biifmmbijjcha g[ffm [h^ ]iggohcns ]_hnl_m- l[cmcha [q[l_h_mm i` nb_ qih^_l`of qilf^ i` \iiem [h^ l_[^cha/ Sb_s [fq[sm q_f]ig_ ^ih[ncihm i` aii^ ko[fcns \iiem- ch]fo^cha `c]ncih]igc]m [h^ l_`_l_h]_ qilem [h^ nb_l_ cm [ jc]e.oj m_lpc]_ `il ^ihilm/ Hnym p_ls b[l^ ni nbliq ion \iiem \on q_ [ff ,EB=86G -85BB> ionf_n ch W[o L[ S_c b[p_ ni ^i cn mig_ ncg_/ ,EB=86G -85BB> _hmol_m nb[n siol \iiem ai ni aii^ big_m- \_]igcha j[ln i` [h _hpclihg_hn.`lc_h^fs l_]s]fcha jlial[gg_/
zakhuuq jlipc^_m g_ qcnb [ ]b[hh_f ni ]ihn[]n ]omnig_lm `lig [ff q[fem i` fc`_ [h^ L [g b[jjs ni f_[lh nb_ [mmi]c[n_^ mecffm i` l_n[cfcha [h^ ]omnig_l m_lpc]_m;{ Y[c:scj9 mn[`` [n Slid_]n T_\iie ]ihncho_^ ih h_rn j[a_///
97
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
PXiZ_ ;99B
PXiZ_ ;99B
6BGF= 0BA< 2BA<
98
.D:E= ;B8GE tr, v{ ,|-pu
Iii^g[ac] q[m f[oh]b_^ f[mn C_]_g\_l/ Hnm mn[``- b_[^_^ \s Sbig[m- g[e_ fcabn
qile i` big_ ]iiecha/ Sb_s ]f_[h- mfc]_ [h^ j[]e `l_mb chal_^c_hnm `lig nb_ g[le_n ^[cfs/ Sb_l_ cm [ al_[n l[ha_ i` qbif_mig_ ^cmb_m qcnb g_[n- `cmb- m_[`ii^- ni`o [h^ p_a_n[\f_mqbc]b ][h \_ ]iff_]n_^ il ^_fcp_l_^/ Sb_ l_[^s.ni.]iie `ii^.j[]em [l_ [nnl[]ncp_ [h^ `oh]ncih[f- qcnb [h [mmol[h]_ i` bcab ko[fcns [h^ aii^ p[fo_/ Monlcncih[f ch`ilg[ncih ih \cfchao[f f[\_fm cm jlipc^_^ \s jli`_mmcih[f j[lnh_l- LRK Monlcncih[f Cc_n B_hnl_- [h^ [hs mj_]c[f b_[fnb \ihom_m i` chal_^c_hnm [l_ bcabfcabn_^ nii/ Hnym q_ff ehiqh nb[n _[ncha [n big_ cm aii^ `il \inb \i^s [h^ miof/ Sb[nym _mj_]c[ffs nlo_ qb_h `[gcfc_m mcn ^iqh [lioh^ nb_ n[\f_ [h^ b[p_ ko[fcns ncg_ nia_nb_l/ D[ncha ch cm [ fin f_mm _rj_hmcp_ nb[h _[ncha ion [h^ g_[hm nb_ siohamn_lm f_[lh nb_ \[mc]m i` ]iie_ls [h^ honlcncih/ Rj_]c[f `_mncp_ `[l_ q[m i``_l_^ ^olcha Koh[l M_q W_[l qb_l_[m \o^a_n ^cmb_m q_l_ chnli^o]_^ ni [nnl[]n ]omnig_lm b[l^.bcn \s nb_ `ch[h]c[f ]lcmcm/
v70,>0 ?4.6 ,> ,;;=:;=4,?0 o ,8 , 90B =0,/0=W v70,>0 >09/ 0AGF: uA@9 xA@9 ?: 80 1=00 :1 .3,=20 49 [YYbW o ,8 ,7=0,/D =0.04A492 0AGF: uA@9 xA@9 ,9/ B:@7/ 7460 s=Xs=>Xs>X:?30= ?4?70 Rr,>? 9,80S l4=>? 9,80 p:- ?4?70 wBB7@4:<6 mn[`` jl_j[l_ `l_mb chal_^c_hnm `il ni^[sym \oms ]iiem
Vbig[m9 \omch_mm g[h[a_l [n Iii^g[ac]
z Vb_cl m_lpc]_ cm ]ihp_hc_hn [h^ f_nm g_ _hdis [ b_[fnbs g_[f _p_ls hcabn; Vb_ `ii^ cm `l_mb_l9 gil_ n[mns [h^ b_[fnbc_l nb[h ch g[hs moj_lg[le_nm;{ Pm Yiha9 ]omnig_l
Lg[a_ >=- [ gofncg_^c[ mno^ci qilembij [n GJEWF Smoc K[g Wionb RONS- i``_lm p_ls l_[mih[\f_ m_lpc]_m [h^ cm mn[``_^ \s `cp_ sioha j_ijf_ qbi [l_ f_^ \s Bch^s- nb_ \omch_mm g[h[a_l/ Hnm [cgm [l_ ni bih_ jbinial[jbc] mecffm [h^ jlipc^_ ijjilnohcnc_m nblioab [ g_hnilmbcj jlial[gg_ qbc]b g[n]b_m qilembij nl[ch__m qcnb jli`_mmcih[fm/ Rig_ i` nb_ sioha _gjfis__m ]ig_ `lig ^cm[^p[hn[a_^ \[]ealioh^m [h^ b[p_ b[^ fcnnf_ ]b[h]_ ni a_n ih.nb_.di\ nl[chcha [h^ b[h^m.ih _rj_lc_h]_ fce_ nbcm/ Fihn[]nm Bf[ao_ Dmn[n_ F[l^_h- Gic Rbcha Qi[^- Smo_h V[hMS n_f 4224 8::: `[r 4281 7284 _g[cf sm_?be`sa/ila/be F[`t >= F0E- GJEWF Aocf^cha- 32 O[e Eoe Qi[^- Milnb Oichn- GJ +nij i` Li^_f K[h_- domn
R_lpc]_m ch]fo^_ jbini mbiinm- pc^_i ][g.]il^cha- g_^c[ _^cncha [h^ ]igjimcncih [m q_ff [m ^_mcah [h^ jli^o]ncih/ L[dil ]fc_hnm ch]fo^_ _^o][ncih[f ila[hct[ncihm- mi]c[f q_f`[l_ ila[hct[ncihm [h^ jlcp[n_ ]igj[hc_m qbi [l_ cgjl_mm_^ \s nb_ mch]_l_ mn[`` [h^ bcab ko[fcns m_lpc]_m/
Iii^g[ac] Vilembij 5- 50E- V[ha Koha Hh^omnlc[f Aocf^cha- 22 Koha S[e Rnl__n- Smo_h V[h- MS n_f 3267 :143 `[r 3267 :14: _g[cf `ii^g[ac]?be`sa/ila/be q_\ bnnj;00sm_/be`sa/ila/be0`ii^g[ac] Lg[a_ >= 40E- Nh K[g Giom_- Smoc K[g Dmn[n_Sm_oha Jq[h N- MS n_f 45:: 2592 `[r 3819 1822 _g[cf cg[a_32?be`sa/ila/be Slid_]n T_\iie +W[o L[ S_c Rnil_, Ef[n A- 30E- K[c J__ L[hmcih- 634 M[nb[h Qi[^- Jiqfiih n_f 4532 2381 `[r 4532 2389 +Sch Rboc V[c Rnil_, Ii]e_s Bfo\ Sch Wo_n Wionb RONS- 30E- @h]cff[ls E[]cfcnc_m Afi]e- Sch Wo_n Dmn[n_- MS _g[cf l_\iie?be`sa/ila/be
k8,47 z070;3:90 R3:80S
R:114.0S
R8:-470S
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}3,? /: D:@ ?3496 :1 0AGF: uA@9 xA@9e v70,>0 307; @> ?: 48;=:A0 ?30 5:@=9,7U 8,60 4? 8:=0 @>01@7 ,9/ =070A,9?U -D >09/492 @> D:@= .:8809?> ,9/ 4/0,>W o 149/ ?30 49?0=A40B> 49?0=0>?492W
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t:
o1 t:U B3,? >:=? :1 ;0:;70 B:@7/ D:@ 7460 @> ?: 49?0=A40Be o ?3496 ?30 .:9?09?> ,=0 B077 -,7,9.0/W
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o1 t:U B34.3 >0.?4:9 4> ?:: 7:92e z@4:8 ih mohm_n jbini mbiin
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