September 2011 VOLUME 3 | NUMBER 3
E d ito rial
3
W
hen does a bad habit become an addiction? Which are the top concerns in Hong Kong where addiction is concerned? What makes young people become addicted? Who can help them? How can rehabilitation be encouraged and relapse prevented? These are some of the key questions addressed in this issue of Youth Hong Kong. Addictions include both substance abuse and uncontrollable behaviour. For a youth service organization, the extent of drug consumption, over dependency on the internet, and other compulsive behaviour, are serious concerns. These concerns affect parents, teachers – in fact, the entire community. Any young person who finds themselves addicted, compelled to follow and repeat harmful patterns of behaviour, is a young person in need of help. The message emphasized by specialists with the Federation’s new Youth Wellness Centre is that we must listen to them, with empathy, before we can offer suitable treatment. We must understand how they reached their predicament in order to prevent it happening again. We explore with young people, parents, doctors and social workers, the addictions and forms of therapy available in Hong Kong today, and we invite you to share with us examples and experiences from your own context in order to help build on what we are doing.
Dr Rosanna Wong, DBE, JP Executive Director, HKFYG September 2011
Youth Hong Kong
Overview
Young and out of control Hsu Siu-man Addiction implies loss of self-control and involves health risks. Statistics help us understand the prevalence of addictive behaviour in Hong Kong better, but alone they provide an incomplete picture. This overview, the profile of the Federation’s new Youth Wellness Centre, and interviews with young people in this issue endeavour to enlighten readers further.
Photos from Flickr (Creative Commons) and archive by tuxthepenguin84, Orin Zebest
September 2011
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There is growing global concern about the increasing number of young people who display addictive behaviour. The five top concerns about addiction in Hong Kong revolve around compulsive behaviour with the internet or gambling, and substance abuse of drugs, tobacco and
Excessive time online is thought to be an impulse-control problem not unlike gambling addiction.
alcohol. What sets such behaviour apart from pure indulgence is that
or behaving in a repetitive manner which can lead to undesirable
it is uncontrollable, involves the consumption of a harmful substance
consequences including social and psychological withdrawal.
Overview
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Where consumption of a substance is concerned, that substance may
escape from pressure and boredom. They seek satisfaction and a sense
not in itself be illegal. The use of alcohol and, to some extent, tobacco,
of achievement that is missing in real life.
is socially acceptable. Potentially habit-forming behaviour, such as gambling or video game-playing is not illegal either, except gambling by under-18s. In fact, of the addictive behaviours mentioned above, only the consumption of drugs is illegal. However, habit-forming behaviour becomes damaging if it is compulsive.
Local surveys vary widely in their findings but a Federation survey in 2007 found that 15.7% of local youth were at risk and 5.4% were problem 3
internet users. Whether internet addiction disorder really exists is still a current topic of debate and there is no universally adopted definition. Worldwide, surveys reveal a prevalence of internet “addiction” of 0.3% to
Data on drug abuse are based on voluntary reports and estimates of actual figures are far higher.
38%.
Drugs: official trends and actual figures In Hong Kong, 80% of all new drug abusers are under 21 but official data 4
Risk factors: individual, familial and academic
show the number in that age group has dropped in the last few years.
From 1992-2008, reported cases alone increased from 12%-25% of the
The underlying causes of addictive behaviours are complex and beyond
total. However, data on drug abuse are based on voluntary reports and
the scope of this overview. However, addiction to drugs, alcohol and
estimates of actual figures are far higher.
smoking usually starts with one casual use, just as an experiment, often prompted by peer pressure. Much research has shown that at the individual level risk factors include sensation-seeking. At family level, factors include broken homes. At school level they include low 1
achievement and poor peer relationships. 2
A report on harmful addictive activities in youth gives three other factors
Special local factors that contribute to drug abuse include pressure for academic success. Combined with peer pressure, curiosity, sensationseeking and break-down in family harmony, they contribute to the tendency to experiment with drugs. Types of drugs taken are increasing and the low cost and wide availability of ketamine, easy to take without special equipment, is specific to Hong Kong youth drug culture.
that contribute to a young person’s susceptibility. First, adolescents tend to underestimate the dangers of substance abuse and potentially addictive behaviour. Second, there is the perception among teens and young adults that risky behaviour such as drinking, use of certain drugs, cigarette smoking, and gambling are associated with peer-group
The number of teenage smokers has risen, from 1.8% of their age group in 2009 to 2.5% in 2010.
popularity, a perception that persists even when risks are understood. Third, there is the likelihood that differences in the way adolescents’ brains process information make them less likely to heed logical
Smoking: upward trend
arguments against dangerous substances. So what are the addictive
Youngsters smoke usually because their peer group does. Not to smoke
behaviours that most affect young people and their families in Hong
if all your friends do means loss of face, according to field workers. In
Kong today?
their experience the best motivation for youngsters to give up is simply
Internet dependency: an impulse control problem The term internet “addiction” is often used loosely to describe excessive time online that seriously interferes with daily life. It is thought to be an impulse-control problem not unlike gambling addiction. Some social workers and counsellors see internet “addiction” as a behavioural
expense. Government measures to reduce nicotine dependency, including price rises, have been quite effective and a ban on smoking in public was introduced in 2007. However, despite the latest 40% price rise Hong Kong’s tobacco tax is still well below that of advanced economies.
problem, related to family life, poor parenting skills and adolescent
The number of teenage smokers has risen according to the latest official
rebelliousness. Underlying reasons may be the youngsters’ wish to
figures, from 1.8% of their age group in 2009 to 2.5% in 2010. The
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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Overview
percentage of daily smokers of cigarettes who started smoking before
the other hand, that only 1% of all student respondents were pathological
they were 20 has also been on the rise, especially in females, from 57.7%
gamblers although 28% of them had gambled for money.
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in 2007/8 to 61.9% in 2010.
Effective help: commitment and understanding
Alcohol: correlations and screening
While addictive behaviour is a worrying trend among young people,
The risk of young people becoming alcoholics is much lower here than
it is not irreversible. In fact there are more arenas for treatment and
in the US or Europe. According to a comprehensive 2008 study this may
assistance than ever before. In a place like Hong Kong, help can even
6
be due to a genetic inability to metabolize ethanol. The young are most
be sought anonymously through school social workers. What is also
likely to drink in Hong Kong’s parks or other public places, usually with
apparent is that no help will be effective unless there is both a clear
friends. It is not difficult to buy alcohol even though it is illegal for under-
understanding from the young addicts themselves of why they took the
18s. Bars and clubs check ages, but supermarkets and convenience
road to addictive behaviour, and then a clear commitment on their part to
stores almost never do.
help themselves on the road to recovery and normal lives.
According to a Federation survey, 80% of alcoholics started drinking 7
before they were 20. Young men are four times more at risk than young women. Beer is cheap in Hong Kong and is increasingly popular with young people, as is whisky. They see it as a harmless way to lower
Over a third of Hong Kong’s population have gambled before they were 18.
inhibitions and relax in a socially acceptable way. Crackdowns on drugs may mean that more youth turn to alcohol and the strong correlation between drinking and smoking, and given the upward trend in smoking, mentioned above this is another cause for concern.
80% of alcoholics started drinking before they were 20. Gambling: perception, peers and family
逾一成半青少年處於網絡沉溺的危機邊緣！ 8 成新吸毒人士 為 21 歲以下！ 8 成酗酒人士在 20 歲前開始飲酒！ 1/3 賭徒 在 18 歲以前開始賭博！青少年吸煙數字一年內由 1.8% 上升至 2.5% ！ 看到上述的情况，哪一位家長或老師能不擔心？現在社會普遍 擔心的青少年上癮問題，包括上網、吸毒、飲酒、吸煙及賭博等。 本期文章我們找來不同的青少年講述他們的成癮故事，除了藉 此了解青少年成癮行為的背後原因外，更希望大家繼續携手， 為解決青少年成癮問題出一分力。
Gambling is common in all Hong Kong age groups. Over a third of Hong Kong’s population gamble before they are 18. Half the remainder started gambling before they were 29. Personal reasons and peer or family influences were the motivators. Betting on the Mark 6 lottery, horse racing and soccer are the three most popular forms with soccer betting a favourite with male students and young adults according to a Hong Kong 8
Polytechnic University study.
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A large scale Hong Kong survey completed in 2010 revealed that 95% of marginal youth gambled and 22% would be classified as problem gamblers according to the standard definition in the American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version IV (DSM-IV). Many of them did not view their gambling as a problem. This Chinese University Sociology Department study found, on
Note Ms Hsu Siu-man is in charge of the HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre. She has extensive experience in youth counselling. Sources 1 Shek, Daniel TL. “Tackling substance abuse in Hong Kong.” Scientific World Journal. 19 December 2007. 2021-2030. 2 Massachusetts Department of Public Health. School Health Manual http://www. maclearinghouse.com/schoolhealthmanual/PDF/Chapters/Chapter14_D.pdf 3 http://www.hkfyg.org.hk/eng/press_releases/2009/cybersafety/index.html (in Chinese) 4 Official data on drug abuse in Hong Kong is collected by Hong Kong’s Central Registry of Drug Abuse (CRDA), Narcotics Division. http://www.nd.gov.hk/ statistics_list/doc/en/t10.pdf For more statistics see Youth watch, pages 31-33. 5 http://www.smokefree.hk/en/content/web.do?page=ThematicHouseholdSurvey 6 http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/3/360.full.pdf+html 7 http://yrc.hkfyg.org.hk/eng/ys21.html 8 http://www.hab.gov.hk/file_manager/en/documents/policy_responsibilities/others/ HKPUFinalReport2009_e.pdf 9 http://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/en/press_detail.php?id=799
Youth Wellness Centre Highlight
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First of its kind The HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre opened in January 2011. This 3-year project with the Hospital Authority New Territories West is the first of its kind in Hong Kong, run by a multidisciplinary team with one-stop services and follow-up.
The professionals at the Federation’s Youth Wellness Centre give intensive counselling, psychological assessment and appropriate treatment for all forms of addiction. Dr. Peter TK Tsoi, Specialist in Psychiatry, President, HKFYG Council
Youth Wellness Centre entrance
The Youth Wellness Centre (YWC) has specialists in psychiatry, clinical psychology, social work and nursing, offering clinical assessment and treatment to young people aged 10-35. The Centre’s work is based on psycho-social and medical assessment of internet dependency, substance abuse and gambling, with internationally validated tests and tailor-made tools for Hong Kong. The Centre also promotes physical, psychological and spiritual wellness through education and community work. Its staff recognize the importance of listening and understanding the perspective of the young people with problem behaviour who go there to seek help. They also help parents who do not know how to react or communicate with children whose behaviour seems to them to be self-destructive.
Signs and Symptoms of Addiction Substance addictions are diagnosed when drug use or problem behaviour leads to clinically significant impairment or distress, and where three or more of the following symptoms occur within a year: Tolerance: the effects of a drug diminish over time Withdrawal: psychological and physiological symptoms when drug or problem behaviour is discontinued Habituation: continued use despite harmful consequences Failure or relapse: inability to reduce harmful behaviour Persistence: significant efforts to use addictive substance Retreat: social withdrawal because of problem behaviour Source Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, London. Postnote: Addictive Behaviours. May 2010 . http://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/ pn356%20-addictive-behaviours-corrected.pdf
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H igh li g h t
Compulsive use of the internet Spending sufficient time online to seriously interfere with normal family life constitutes the top area for concern at YWC. Parents worried about internet “addiction” report their experiences to YWC. Examples include children constantly playing games, watching videos, playing music, browsing, chatting or reading online. Such parents feel frustrated, excluded and concerned about their children’s health and progress at school. A quarter of those who have come to the YWC for help have called the police because their youngsters stay out all night or become violent if someone tries to stop them using the computer. A case of such a family is presented in the next article, pages 9-12.
Drug problems
Prevention. A case of gambling addiction dealt with by YWC is related in the story on pages 26-27.
Going forward YWC would like to see a clear government drug policy and clarity of direction. A coordinated treatment model for all forms of substance abuse and other dependency disorders is needed to reveal gaps in existing services. The focus needs to be on effective, evidence-based treatment, based on definitions of disorders that are used worldwide. Developing a comprehensive policy which encompasses a consensus on treatment models is a priority. The HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre has taken the first essential steps in that direction.
Contact the Youth Wellness Centre • Tel: (852)2465 2828
The long-term effects of drug abuse on the body and the mind mean that parents and educators give it special attention. It is illegal, raises fears of connections with triads, and involves frequenting unwholesome parts of the city.
• Email: ywc@hkfyg.org.hk
At YWC, drug abuse is the second most important for concern. It is treated as a symptom of underlying problems. Evidence-based treatment includes motivation enhancement, cognitive behavioural therapy, familybased intervention, and relapse prevention. The articles about drugs on pages 13-18 come from outreach workers with HKFYG units.
The HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre is funded by the Fu Tak Iam Foundation, the Home Affairs Bureau Ping Wo Fund and The Sir Robert Ho Tung Charitable Fund.
Smoking, drinking and gambling The addictive properties of alcohol and tobacco, their deleterious health effects and prevalence among adolescent peer groups are widely recognized. Although Hong Kong’s campaign against tobacco has recently reached a milestone, with only 11% of the population being daily smokers, smoking is trending upwards in teenagers.YWC has run antismoking health groups in schools and a habitual drinker who went to the YWC is the focus of the story on pages 24-25. YWC’s work with young gamblers has grown out of a previous project, the HKFYG Gambling Counselling Centre. YWC will run a gambling education community project next year with about twenty schools and youth centres. It will also organize the 2012 Youth Forum on Gambling
• Fax: (852)2465 2466 • Website: http://ywc.hkfyg.org.hk • Address: HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre, 7/F, Rehabilitation Block, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
如果你發現身邊有成癮徵狀的青少年，你知道該如何尋找協 助嗎？香港青年協會青年全健中心 (HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre) 提供一站式服務，跨專業的專家會細心了解問題所 在，並提供解決問題的意見。如果對成癮問題有任何疑慮，不 要猶豫，立即按下表的方法聯絡我們。 Problem
No. of cases
Percentage
Internet
157
68%
Drug abuse
35
15.2%
Alcohol
6
2.6%
Gambling
6
2.6%
Smoking
3
1.3%
Others
24
10.4%
Total
231
100%
Referrals received
495
Cases offered counseling
231
Cases requiring medical or psychological assessment
31
Treatment groups
4
Public talks and educational programmes
49
Such integrated services are needed in the community today, where the stigma of addiction may inhibit those most at risk from asking for help. Dr. Peter TK Tsoi, Specialist in Psychiatry, President, HKFYG Council Acknowledgements This article was written with the help of staff at YWC and Dr Lam Ming, Consultant Psychiatrist at the Castle Peak Hospital Substance Abuse Clinic and Alcohol Problems Clinic. An interview with Dr Lam appears on pages 22-23. Staff at the YWC and the HKFYG Outreach units arranged and conducted the interviews with young people in the following pages. In all these interviews, except the one with Chan Wing on pages 16-18, names have been changed to preserve anonymity.
Internet addicts talk
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Teenage internet dependency
Photo by Federico_Morando (Flickr/Creative Commons)
Larry Lam, 16, spends too long online. After arguments at home he disappears sometimes. His parents once called the police but eventually Larry came home…from the cybercafé. The school suspended him and his mother, desperate, asked the Youth Wellness Centre (YWC) for help. The centre has tests and assessment tools to help work out how serious the problem is.
Larry: locked up online In the past, parents worried about what happened when their teenagers were out of sight. Now, many of them have the same
I called the police the first time he was missing all night.
reaction when they stay at home. Teens can sit for hours at the computer, seemingly locked in another world, a world from which the parents are locked out.
If their teens want to be secretive it’s not hard to hide what they are doing. It gets even worse when there are adverse reports from the
Trying to exert authority is fruitless if parents
school. If they have money and resent intrusion
are unfamiliar with the internet world of youth.
youth will go to mong ba (cybercafés).
Larry is 16 and has been suspended from school for truancy and fighting. He disappeared from home and school for days, playing online games in cybercafés. His mother resorted to calling the police. She was only educated to primary level on the mainland and has a parttime job. Larry's father is a security guard who works long hours and expects her to do all the parenting.
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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Addicts talk
Mrs Lam cares a lot about Larry, his problems
Mrs Lam It started about four years ago. Most
Larry I get really angry when she nags me all the
and the fact that they don’t communicate. She
of the time he’s at home he’s online. He says he
time. I swear a lot and make fun of her silly old-
wrote letters to six schools, trying to get him a
watches movies and listens to music but I know
fashioned clothes. Playing something like World
place because he didn’t like the old one. She
he’s playing violent games. I can see them.
of Warcraft or Nobol Gameflier helps me ignore
reluctantly agreed to his attending a Vocational Training Council course but he stopped going after a couple of weeks.
I started checking his phone log.
His father scolds Larry for behaving badly but it makes no difference. I was suspicious that he’d got involved with a gang, so I started checking
her. When I get tired I’ll watch a film or the news, listen to G.E.M. or watch them on YouTube. But most of all I like the games.
his mobile phone log. Sometimes I answer his
What’s wrong with that? I learn about strategy
calls too, but the caller hangs up. I cut off his
and teamwork and I’m good enough at it. Good
pocket money but he still goes out. Mostly to
enough to beat skilled players too. I play in a team
cybercafés, I think. That means he must be
and winning means they look up to me. When
earning money somehow, doesn’t it?
I win I feel better. We trust each other and they would never let me down. If I get to the mong ba I
Photo by Marc oh! (Flickr/Creative Commons)
As soon as I escape from school I want to play, all night, till my mum and dad wake up the next morning and send me back to school.
Larry Once, I spent over 5 days at the mong ba. I ate there and slept there on the floor. It was very dirty and uncomfortable but I escaped her nagging. What good does she think it will do? They tried to find me but I’d left my mobile at home so they couldn’t. In the end I went home though. I was scared about the reaction.
Photo by Federico_Morando (Flickr/Creative Commons)
can borrow money or earn a bit.
Internet addicts talk
11
Larry I hate school. English and maths especially. The teachers always tell me off because I’ve missed classes and can’t catch up. I’d rather do Chinese history and read about war. I like running as well and have won prizes for 1500m races. After spending all that time at the mong ba I had to make excuses. I said I’d had a fever. They sent me to the school social worker. She was nice so I told her how much I love online games, that I can play for hours without noticing the time passing because it gives me such a lot of satisfaction. She seemed to know what I was talking about, unlike mum who hasn’t a clue. Later on I met a psychologist called Charlotte. She did some tests. I know I'm weak but I can't help myself. Life is the internet for me. That’s all I want. As soon as I escape from school I want to play, all night, till my mum and dad wake up the next morning and send me back to school. Guess what? Then I fall asleep in class. Mrs Lam I called the police the first time he
we criticize he just starts yelling and swearing.
Mrs Lam The school called me when Larry
was missing all night. He must have been
If we unplug the computer he goes crazy. We
misbehaved. They are usually very good about
tipped off by someone because he came
think someone outside school has been getting
him. It amazed me. The English teacher even
home on his own. He could barely walk, he
at him. Triads maybe. I just want him back at
offered to give him extra lessons at lunchtime
was so tired. He was filthy too but we just let
school. Now he plays more games than ever
and the disciplinary teacher gave him a gentle
him go off to bed. What else could we do? If
and has dropped out all together.
reminder instead of punishing him.
Youth Hong Kong
Addicts talk
September 2011
12
Compulsive online behaviour they called it. It seems like an addiction to me.
Larry In the end I suppose I got bored, spending so long on computer. Charlotte asked me to go to the YWC. I know they talk to mum and the teachers as well. Actually I don’t really like swearing at mum and all that nagging stops if I
Mrs Lam But that was in the beginning. In the
turn down the sound on the computer. So I’ve
end they suspended him. He deserved it but I’m
been having dinner with her and going to bed
not sure it was the best thing. Now he spends
early. Maybe I can get rid of all these spots on my
more time than ever on the computer. My only
face if I eat and sleep better. Maybe I’ll get into the
“weapon” is not giving him pocket money to
running team in the new school too.
spend at the cybercafé.
I‘m not giving up online games though. I’m good
Maybe it’s just a phase after all. He so defiant
at it and it’s fun. I know I need to earn a living
with me but he listened to the social workers
soon and I won’t earn much money just spending
and the psychologist. They say he lacks self-
hours on the internet. I know that. I’m not stupid.
esteem and his behaviour is compulsive. It
But I still reckon it’ll help me find out what I’m
seems like an addiction to me. Still, I know he
good at.
Advice for parents • Set a good example – if you don’t want children to stay online for long don’t do so yourself • Set (and enforce) clear rules about what kinds of sites are allowed and those that are not allowed • Install software that blocks access to sites that worry you • Talk to your child about the health risks of spending too long sitting at the computer • Keep track of which websites your child is visiting • Make sure that home computers are in open common areas, not in bedrooms • Learn as much as you can about the kinds of online activity your teens like
can do well at school if he just settles down. As to what happens when he gets to the new school, we’ll just have to wait and see.
Need help with compulsive internet users? Call us: 2465 2828
本應是陽光燦爛的 16 歲，在 Larry 卻是悶鬱陰沉。他終日沉醉於網上遊戲及流連網吧，最高紀錄是 5 天 5 夜，在網吧地上睡覺，瞓醒 又再打機。在網絡遊戲中，Larry 得到平日難得一嚐的勝利滋味和同道朋輩的擁戴，讓他可以暫時逃離與父母的緊張關係和學校遇到 的挫折。 父母急得報警，又駡又把電腦線拔掉都徒勞無功。老師愛莫能助之下，讓 Larry 見學校社工，卻打開了一扇門。接觸了社工和青年全 健中心的臨床心理學家，Larry 發現原來有人明白他可以藉打機的滿足感去驅走內心的苦悶。今日，Larry 雖然仍會打機，但他也會關 心自己的前途、健康和家人的相處，也終於和母親能好好坐下來吃頓飯。看來，16 歲的陽光漸漸滲進來了。
Photo by Kazarelth (Creative Commons)
Drug addicts talk
13
How drug abuse starts Rita first took ketamine when she was 12. Problems at home meant her parents sent her to a girl’s residential school two years ago. At that stage she started taking ketamine every day. One night, she met Yvonne, a Federation outreach social worker. With counselling she was able to give it up, but that was just the beginning. Now she is 16 and a couple of months ago she made friends with a new group of drug users and fell for the dealer, a good-looking boy. She took Ice and has entered a new phase of addiction. She realizes how hard it is to stop and she gets scared. Scared enough to talk to an HKFYG outreach worker, but not scared enough to stop… yet.
How did it begin? I was just curious really. When I first took K* it was at school. It made me feel light as air, relaxed. I forgot my problems and my teachers didn’t do anything to stop me. I don’t think they knew. Then it wore off and there were no bad side effects so I did it again. When I met Yvonne, she told me about the risks and tried to help me give it up.
What do you take now? Recently, I got in with a different group. They all took drugs and I really like the chak ga*, Ronald. Since then I’ve been taking Ice, cocaine, cannabis and candies*.
Now, my whole life seems to revolve around drugs. I’ve tried so many things. Drugs seem to have a hold on me. I don't even really understand why I do it but I’m not sure that I really want to give up. It would mean not seeing Ronald wouldn’t it.
Where do you get drugs now? We meet Ronald or another chak ga in stairwells at housing estates and then go to an upstairs bar in TST, a den or a private flat where we can stay overnight, in Mong Kok, Sheung Wan, Central or Causeway Bay. Sometimes we play* at karaoke bars, on the stairs, in the toilets, at each other’s homes, even during lessons.
Youth Hong Kong
Addicts talk
Photo by Erika (Creative Commons)
September 2011
14
Drug dealing
How much do you pay? Ronald doesn’t cheat or harass us for sex like some of them. Usually we get enough to share between three of us for $100. Sometimes we don’t pay anything. I know it’s illegal because I’m 16 now. But so far it’s all been so easy.
What sort of effects does ketamine have? My usual dose keeps me high for 10-15 minutes. I might chase* it with another. The biggest dose I’ve ever had at one time was half a bone.* That had serious effects on me. If you mix K with drinks you’ll vomit but if you’re careful it’s like flying, you get into the K-hole.*
When I took it I started seeing things, hallucinating, wandering off round the park. It felt like being in many other places. Friends who saw me said I acted completely crazy. Sometimes it gets scary. You can see the furniture moving and once my uncle, who has passed away, was there. He looked so real. With hallucinations you might see anything. Even the air moving.
What are the other bad things about drugs? I worry about the police, and how my parents would feel if they knew. I don’t like the way Ice turns your skin dry and yellow and makes you itch. You scratch and get scabs and sores on your face. You get thin and ugly even if you only do Ice about once a week. I started getting black-outs too and that scares me.
On Ice... you see the furniture moving... once, I saw my uncle but he's passed away...
Who knows? Nobody at home asks me openly but I think they are suspicious. My little brother saw some K once. He was curious, but I lied and told him it was
What about other drugs? These last few months, since I turned 16, I’ve been doing Ice. It’s really
no problem. I still find it easy talking to Yvonne though.
How do you feel about yourself?
different. It makes you feel full of energy. You lose all your inhibitions and
I know it would make mum cry if she knew what I do. She couldn’t bear
it lasts a lot longer than K. You can play on Ice for more than ten hours.
the shame, and her neighbours and friends would despise her. It’s the
Drug addicts talk
15
My new friends, like Ronald, are a big reason. Playing with my friends a
*Drug jargon
few years ago was great but it’s changed now. They’ve stopped, but I
bone = a measurement of drug quantity candies = Ecstasy, also known in Cantonese as fing tao cannabis = dai mai in Cantonese chak ga = dealer chase = take a follow-up dose as a "chaser" soon after the first cocaine = hor lok in Cantonese Ice = [crystal] Meth [amphetamine] bing, in Cantonese K = ketamine also known as K jai Nimetazepam = a benzodiapine, ng jai (No. 5) in Cantonese K hole = a subjective, hallucinatory, psychedelic experience; like flying to play = to take drugs and get high one really strong reason I have for trying to give up. I understand that
feel hooked.
Don’t you ever think about the risks? Yvonne told me to imagine getting arrested at friend’s place, but I’ve got away with it so many times. I keep looking for something to help me be more determined. I’ve tried so many things to distract me, family, friends, social workers, studying. There’s one nightmare I have though. It’s being arrested. I can’t bear the thought of my parents coming down to the police station to pick me up. I know I’m pushing my luck. I want to find a way out before it’s too late.
drugs are bad for you and I accept Yvonne’s advice but Ice is a real temptation. It makes me want to sneak out late on Saturday nights and sneak back in, early the next morning. Then I can just sleep it off all day Sunday so that I’m OK to go to school on Monday. Most of the time it feels OK.
Do you think things will change? My friends stopped when they saw how bad their skin was. Mine’s not good either. Yvonne warned me and Ronald has told me not to take so much.
…you scratch and get scabs and sores on your face…you get thin and ugly… It’s hard to resist but I didn’t go out to play last week. When I start thinking about my exams next year, I really do want to stop. Well, sometimes I do, anyway. And my friends try to persuade me too now.
Do you think your friends were the main reason for you to get into drugs?
Rita 只有 17 歲，但已吸毒五年。出於好奇心，她先是吸食 K 仔，繼而吸食冰毒。一個俊俏的年輕拆家走進了她的生活，使情況更加 複雜，但連毒品拆家都警告 Rita 不要吸食太多。青協的社工 Yvonne 讓 Rita 看清自己面對的危機 – 被捕、使家人蒙羞及種種健康問 題。儘管仍有一線希望，但情況仍然嚴峻。See pages 16-18 for another side of drugs.
If you need help with a young drug user, call 2487 0151
Addicts talk
Award winner and former drug user
September 2011
Youth Hong Kong
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Congratulations to Chan Wing, a former drug abuser who has made a complete turn-around. This is the story of her road to recovery and re-integration. Last year she became a Felix Wong Award winner, in recognition of the strength she showed to conquer her past dependencies and contribute to her community. One night a friend asked if I wanted to try dai ma (cannabis). Maybe I took it because I was unhappy at home and always in trouble at
thirteen I was hooked. I tried lots of other drugs, like fing tao (Ecstasy),
school. Anyway, it helped me forget all about
k jai (ketamine), ng jai (Nimetazepam), bing
that. I just felt light-hearted and happy so I kept
(Methamphetamine) and hor lok (cocaine).
taking it. That was when I was 11, just after
Nothing seemed real when I was high on
arriving at secondary school. By the time I was
ketamine. Fing tao made me feel full of energy
Names used in this story are real, unlike those in the other stories.
and passion. Ng jai was different. It was easy to get angry and very emotional. After a while I started to have hallucinations and hear voices. Things got complicated.
Drug addicts talk
Two steps forward
Belief in change
The police picked me up outside the school,
It took about a year to get to know myself and
but found nothing on me. They didn’t press
to see the importance of positive thinking. I had
charges but that's when I got to know the
already lost a lot and wasted so much time. I
school social worker. My parents were very
knew I had to learn from my mistakes or regret
upset and begged me not to take drugs. It
them for the rest of my life. Anna gave me
didn’t stop me though. Anna, an outreach
determination and confidence to do it.
worker started talking to me regularly after that. She became a friend. She really seemed to care. After a while, when we met on the street, I was less defensive and started talking to her about taking drugs.
When I was 16 I drew up a plan for quitting, for stopping being hot-tempered and for being less self-centred. I started going to classes and doing volunteer work. Bit by bit I learned how to get along with others, be more patient and control myself. began to believe that I could
Cannabis helped me forget …so I kept taking it. That was when I was 11, just after arriving at secondary school. By the time I was 13 I was hooked.
change.
Giving up regrets Anna, the social worker convinced me. I cut down the amount I took and how often. Anna arranged a medical check-up for me and I saw that drugs had been making me forgetful and slow. It shocked me to find I had an IQ of just 78. That did it. I quit.
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promised myself I would face up to challenges in future and be good to my mother, treasuring what I have and working hard so there will be no more regrets.
Old friends have tried to tempt me … each time it happened that sense of regret came back and it made me stronger. I started going to church while I was quitting. Friends there made me feel cared for and loved. Whenever things get hard or I feel sad, just talking to them makes me feel better. Religion also helped me to learn the lessons of the bible and the love of Jesus Christ. All together this made me live more positively with the confidence to face up to drug withdrawal symptoms.
Out from under I became a volunteer and taught juggling
Twice expelled
I worked out with Anna for how to say “no” to
to children and seniors alike. In return, they
But when I was 15, still in Form 2, I was
drugs and rebuild a healthy life. I enrolled in a
taught me patience. I also gave the elderly free
expelled for behaving badly. I began the TEEN
pre-employment training programme and got a
haircuts. I enjoyed it and they liked what I did.
Programme at the Youth College and started
trainee job in a hairdresser’s soon after finishing
doing the Diploma in Vocational Education
the course.
Programme in hairdressing. I began to see what harm drugs could do and that there could
Family, faith and confidence
be other ways of solving my problems, but I
When I was in hospital after the last overdose, I
was expelled again because I didn’t quit and
got a call to say my father was seriously ill with
was found out.
cancer. When I saw him I realized how much
Next thing, I overdosed on ketamine and passed out on the street. It wasn’t the only time it happened. I ended up in hospital. Once, they put me into the psychiatric ward. It really scared me.
Volunteering has changed my life in a way I never expected. When I looked after the old and the mentally ill and saw how they all coped with their troubles I learned to be more considerate and tolerant of their slowness and deafness.
my family and their support meant. When
Quitting was a long, hard process, more than
they scolded me it was because they were
two years all together. Old friends have tried
worried. Now I regret the way I treated them
to tempt me back and sometimes I’ve been
and it makes me more determined than ever
weak. But each time it happened that sense of
to change. When my father passed away, I
regret came back and it made me stronger.
Addicts talk
Former drug addict, Chan Wing
Life after drugs That was all about 2 years ago. I’m 19 now. I have taken part in drug abuse seminars and sharing sessions with young drug addicts. They listened carefully and I think I helped them. Last summer I went to Taiwan
September 2011
Youth Hong Kong
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with the Caring Dragons* and saw how powerful some people are in response to disaster and hardship.
Everyone has problems. The solutions lie in your attitude to them. Good, for a change Now I spare more time for my family, especially my mother. I see myself growing up while every day my mother gets older. If I could send a message to other parents I’d say, “Don’t be too tough when you want to teach your kids a lesson. Try to put yourself in their shoes and understand why they do as they do.” To teachers I’d say, “Stay tuned into the channels young people listen to and think from their perspective. If you understand their potential and can give them opportunities, they might develop all sorts of talents.” My message for the young people I meet who are tempted by drugs is that happiness comes from simple things, like caring more about the society we live in and people around us.
Chan Wing was one of the 2010 Felix Wong Youth Improvement Award winners. The award is given annually to those who have made a great effort to overcome crisis, misfortune or hardship. Stories of the award winners are published by HKFYG every year and the 2010 volume, Sunshine in Life’s Jigsaw, costs HK$60. Call 3755 7108 to order a copy.
阿 Wing 跟 Rita 一樣，年紀輕輕便染上毒癮。Rita 認為戒毒很 難，但阿 Wing 憑著自己堅定的決心證明此路可通。阿 Wing 身邊的戒毒功臣包括外展社工、家庭及她的信仰。 *For more on the Caring Dragons see pages 50-51. Note Real names have been used in this story.
Drug addicts talk
19
Drug rehabilitation: a view from inside
by Anthony Lai, University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong 200 Leadership Project action groups go into the community to offer services and find out about life. This law student speaks of meeting students in a drug rehabilitation school, the Christian Zheng Sheng College, and of their battles to quit.
Under the influence of drugs they were trapped in despair and agony. More drugs seemed the only way out. Death held out its hand, and nearly pulled them away, but at a critical moment, between life and death, a ray of light brought new hope. Christian Zheng Sheng College (CZSC) is not unfamiliar to Hong Kong people. Many know of the heated debate about relocating its campus and concern over financial matters, but the College is best known for its mode of drug-quitting services.
Youth Hong Kong
Addicts talk
September 2011
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New hope Remote from urban Hong Kong, the campus is split in two, one part on the Chi Ma Wan Peninsula, in a hidden
While working side by side we found out about their past, their reasons for taking drugs, the turning points in their lives.
harbour on Lantau Island, another on Cheung Chau. Students are aged 13 to 28 and most of them are on probation after being convicted for drug-related and other offences. The rest enter the school voluntarily. Currently, there are 70 male students On the way to Christian Zheng Sheng College
and 27 female students.
While working side by side with them, mending and maintaining the campus facilities and grounds, we found out about their past, their reasons for taking drugs, the turning points in their lives and their future goals. Most of them had complicated family backgrounds. Some had single parents. Others became connected with triads drug suppliers. Most of them had their first experience of drugs when persuaded by friends. It was rather surprising to realize that not all had enjoyed the experience. One said he had seen everything whirling around him after taking ketamine. It had been terrible. He said he would rather take cannabis or Ice. Nevertheless, many didn't give up, but to pay for drugs they became pushers themselves.
Lunch prepared by students
Drug addicts talk
Determination to change Several of the students had gone to CZSC voluntarily. One young woman already had two children. She said she went to the school for her mother’s sake because she still believed in her, despite all the mistakes. Another student also said he went there because of his mother’s love.
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One young woman already has two children. She told us she went to the school for her mother’s sake because she still believed in her despite all the mistakes.
We could feel a definite sense of determination in these students, determination to change. Most of them had clear plans. One said he would like to become an undertaker. Another planned to study accounting. It was amazing to see those once lost and fallen able to stand up again and face life proactively with courage. Yet they worry about going back on drugs in the future. Some were afraid that when they left the school, they would meet friends from their past who would lead them astray. One said that the loss of psychological support might mean he needed drugs again.
Rehabilitation for Young Drug Abusers The Hong Kong 200 Association, whose members are past participants of the HKFYG Hong Kong 200 Leadership Project, set up this taskforce of twelve university and high school students in August 2009. It provides services to rehabilitating young drug abusers with a collection of teaching materials and tutorial classes. It also promotes social reintegration and acceptance of rehabilitated young drug abusers. Taskforce members have been visiting the Christian Zheng Sheng College, a well-known, non-subvented religious rehabilitation centre. The majority of its intake are referred by the courts.
Although we saw how remorseful these rehabilitated youth are, and how determined they are to change, they still need us in the community to support and accept them. We just hope they will be brave in future, and never go back to drugs. work gloves for evergone 基督教正生書院因為搬遷選址問題而廣為人知，香港青年協會香港 200 領袖計劃學員探訪在書院居住及讀書的戒毒青年。除了自己 的戒毒決心外，這班青年還需要社會人士的支持和接納，才能完全擺脫毒魔。
Youth Hong Kong
Substance abuse: the specialist’s perspective
September 2011
22
Interview
Dr Lam Ming, Consultant Psychiatrist at Castle Peak Hospital Substance Abuse Clinic and Alcohol Problems Clinic, told Youth Hong Kong about his experience with young drug abusers and his collaboration with social workers at the HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre.
Dr. Lam Ming
Why is substance abuse a problem in HK youth? Systematic official information on drug abuse is based on voluntary reports. They reveal trends but that is only the tip of ice-berg. Three major factors contribute to the extent of the problem here: the drugs taken, the individuals concerned and their place in society.
Do Hong Kong’s young substance abusers tend to deny they have a problem?
The key question is whether we can provide timely help when they are motivated to accept it.
First, young users think they can control themselves with affordable drugs like ketamine, even though these drugs can induce strong psychological
In my clinical experience, cases of outright denial are fewer than
dependence if used regularly. Second, today’s younger generation
commonly believed. Actually, many young drug abusers agree that
lead relatively sheltered lives, have low stress tolerance and rather
drugs are harmful. They don’t stop because they see no obvious major
weak coping skills. Drugs offer escape and those curious about new
problems and ignore possible future complications. However, when
experiences can be tempted by their peers. Third, in a well-developed
the young develop significant side-effects, such as frequent urination
society like Hong Kong, poor prospects for youngsters without enough
after taking ketamine, they are rather more ready to seek help. The key
education may be a problem.
question is whether we can provide timely help when they are motivated to accept it. However, some refuse even timely help. They see no reason to change or may have tried but failed, repeatedly, and believe they will never have a stable job or family life even they did manage to give up drugs.
Inte rv ie w
Are Hong Kong substance-dependent teens different from elsewhere? Yes, there is less drug abuse in youth here compared to western countries. Ketamine and cough mixture are common in Hong Kong, unlike elsewhere, and overall, young drug abusers here are quite
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To achieve this, our clinic has a “case nurse” system unique in Hong Kong. Each patient has a designated nurse to act as a contact point for all relevant parties. The case nurse follows through the treatment, outpatient and in-patient, and informs the case doctor of any significant issues.
respectful of doctors’ authority.
What forms of treatment do you recommend? First, there must be motivation and willingness. Our strategies reduce
When they tell us what drugs do for them, and why they don’t give up, we try to understand.
harm and relapse. They include cognitive behavioural therapy and medications such as Naltrexone for opiate abusers, and Disulfiram for alcohol abusers. We recommend a period of residential rehabilitation for
Can you tell us about a memorable case?
those who relapse repeatedly. Improved family relationships and useful
A mainland teenager who took drugs before coming to Hong Kong
activity are also very important.
found it difficult to adapt. He was caught with drugs repeatedly by the
Have you generally met with success? Not always. There was a sad case of a young man in his early twenties. He took various psychotropic drugs and had psychotic symptoms. He was hospitalized several times but took drugs again soon after each discharge. Finally, he went to a half-way house but didn’t complete the programme. Instead, he discharged himself, was picked up by the police, charged for possession of dangerous drugs and ended up back in hospital with drug-induced psychosis. Even though we strongly advised residential rehabilitation he refused, as did his parents. He discharged himself again and a few days later, he committed suicide.
How do you communicate with patients? Professionals, especially doctors, tend to talk to patients in a didactic and authoritative manner. This does not usually work with substance abusers. We listen carefully, with empathy. When they tell us what drugs do for them and why they don’t give up, we try to understand, and reflect with them on their problems.
police and referred to our clinic at about the same time as a girlfriend, also a drug abuser, but mentally ill. With our support and treatment, they both agreed to residential rehabilitation in different hostels. Then the boy told us his girlfriend had requested discharge to meet her ex-boyfriend. Infuriated, he absconded from the hostel despite being on probation, planning to kill the other boy. We managed to change his mind. He and his girlfriend agreed to complete residential rehabilitation. They eventually got married and had a baby girl. It was hard for them, to find a home and a living, not to speak of the girl’s psychological condition. Nevertheless, with concerted efforts they have been off drugs, living stable lives for several years.
Are services in Hong Kong modeled on similar services elsewhere? No. They have developed piecemeal and are rather fragmented but we are quite advanced in some ways. Many other countries have learned from us. What we now need is an overarching government policy on drug abuse, good coordination and a clear direction.
What follow-up is most effective? A standard 20-minute consultation is not enough to reveal feelings in any depth so any young substance abuser who comes to my clinic is referred to an outreach social worker. They meet in a normal environment and both the social worker and medical professionals can stay in contact family, friends, workplace or school. A collaborative approach is the cornerstone of effective follow-up.
青山醫院精神科顧問醫生林明表示，官方公佈的吸毒人士數據 只計算自願呈報人士，屬於冰山一角。K 仔等毒品價格便宜又 容易購買，除非已經出現嚴重問題，否則青少年絕不會自願戒 毒。林明醫生跟我們分享了一個吸毒青年的自殺故事，可幸仍 有成功例子，其中一對年輕夫婦，經醫生團隊協助下，現已結 婚生子，並完全戒除毒癮。
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Addicts talk
A high risk drinker Social drinking is acceptable and enjoyable. If it turns into dependency it ruins lives. Underlying problems from which alcohol provides an escape, can be masked. Treatment, which deals with the whole person, can help prevent relapse. The final straw came when he passed out in public and woke up in hospital, brought in by the police. Tung realized he needed help and that he needed to find it on his own. No one was going to do it for him. Seeing a newspaper article about the HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre (YWC), he made an appointment. The first meeting was simply a consultation. The next time, he came in drunk and lost control. As a last
Photo by hiromy (Flickr)
resort, the YWC team suggested Castle Peak Hospital.
Tung is 29. His drink problem began when he was 18 and was working
…it started with a few cans of beer.
Last resort
as a skilled mechanic. He got arrested for drunk and disorderly behaviour
Tung agreed. He stayed for three weeks as a voluntary patient. It wasn’t
and was fired. Next, he became a truck driver, but after hours of
easy. He would wake up at midnight and lie restless for hours, unable
concentration he needed to wind down. He also had problems dealing
to sleep. Withdrawal meant he was plagued by itching skin. He craved
with people, his girlfriend and family included. Tung’s way of solving the
alcohol. He felt imprisoned.
problems started with a few cans of beer, but soon escalated, till he drank far too much and was at risk of becoming a dangerous driver.
What causes alcoholism
Escaping underlying problems
• Changes during puberty
Drinking relieved the tedium of work for Tung. It flattened out the
• Impulsiveness
emotional mood swings that perplexed him and stopped him feeling he’d
• Beliefs about alcohol’s effects
failed. He tried drugs too but drinking was a lot safer and cheaper, as
• Desire for new sensations
long as he wasn’t caught drinking at work.
• Sensitivity to positive effects of alcohol
Then his moods began changing more and more. He didn’t know why.
• Tolerance to negative effects
Soon he felt he couldn’t cope without a drink. A few cans became many.
• Hereditary factors
A dozen, two dozen. Sometimes he lost count, he forgot where he’d
• Environmental factors
been and what he’d been doing. He began hallucinating. That’s when he first tried to give up drink, but failed.
• Mood swings
Alcoholic talks
25
Anti-alcohol medication, occupational therapy, a work skills enhancement
unstable and struggles with his need for a drink. He meets the hospital
programme, painting classes and the gym helped. Best of all, he had
psychiatrist every month, sees a community nurse who checks on
access to a computer. Gradually he got better and was discharged, but
progress, and still goes to the YWC for relapse prevention training.
being outside hospital was sometimes more difficult than being inside. Alcohol was so easy to get. Persuading himself and others that he really did mean to stop drinking was very hard.
However bad it is to deal with detoxification, Tung knows failure means no job, no future. He’s trying volunteer work and getting fit as selfmotivators. Goals of connecting again with family and friends, finding
Tung realised he needed help and that he needed to find it on his own.
a job and becoming financially solvent, make him determined to lead a more purposeful life. He still fears a relapse. What keeps him off alcohol is fear of failure and
Preventing relapse
knowing that he knows how to find help.
He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at the hospital and now has medication to control his mood swings. Nevertheless he’s still emotionally
Photo by stefanx80 (Creative Commons)
Photo by sbszine (Flickr)
Photo by Poldavo [Alex] (Flickr)
Problems with alcohol? Contact the Youth Wellness Centre, tel. 2465 2828
Tung 情緒波動很大，更有抑鬱的傾向。他希望飲酒為他帶來解 脫，但酒精卻控制了自己。Tung 察覺問題所在並到青年全健中 心求助。他曾經酒後到中心求助時情緒差點爆發，他的態度並 不合作，但最終都同意接受住院治療。他知道如果沒有全健中 心的協助，自己將會徹底失敗。
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Addicts talk
A compulsive gambler Once Alan seemed to have everything: a good job as a qualified nurse, a comfortable salary, security and plenty of friends. But ever since he was at university he has been borrowing money, ostensibly to invest. He is among the one in ten students in Hong Kong who play the stock market with borrowed money. He didn’t think of himself as a gambler once. He does now. Dream into nightmare My dream was to be a millionaire before I was 30. I thought I had a winning strategy, but now I know it was just a dream. I lost, time and time again. I’ve been getting deeper and deeper into debt. Two girlfriends have already left me. I owe the bank a million dollars. I used to buy warrants on the stock exchange. Buy, sell, buy again, always at the right moment. That was the idea anyway. I had a special technique.
Photo by T-Oh & Matt (Flickr/Creative Commons)
My winning strategy, I called it. Now I see I just believed in a myth.
Underage gambling A survey of over 4,700 secondary students and about 700 problem youth was done in 2010 in collaboration with the Hong Kong Council of Social Service and 11 youth work agencies including HKFYG. Problem youth, deemed to be at risk by social workers, would be classified as pathological gamblers according to international norms and have a higher risk of drug and drinking problems. • On average, students place their first bet when they are under 12 years old. • 22% of problem youth place average bets of HK$627 and occasional bets of HK$60,000-70,000. • 95% of at - risk youth gamble whereas 28% of all students do so. Source Cheung Yuet-wah, & Cheung Wai-ting, Nicole. Research Findings on Pathological Gambling of Marginal Youths and Students in Hong Kong. CUHK Department of Sociology at http://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/en/press_detail.php?id=799 and http:// www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/resources/press/pdf/4c3bec0d431bc.pdf
Gambling addict talks
27
Everyone I knew started telling me I was making big mistakes. Family,
Six months later Alan started paying off his loans. His new girlfriend and
friends, workmates. But I wouldn’t listen to them. I was convinced that I
his sister keep control of his money. He’s getting back on track but it’s
could get it all back again.
taking a long time.
I had a special technique. My winning strategy, I called it. Now I see I just believed in a myth.
years. He said I was addicted. I didn’t believe it at first. Now I know what addiction means. It means that I can’t resist the urge to gamble. I wasn't just buying stocks. I was gambling on the market, regardless of the consequences, financial or emotional.
I gambled. And I lost. I sometimes think I’ve lost myself.
Photo by marc e marc (Flickr/Creative Commons)
Now I see I was wrong. I’ve been talking to a counsellor for almost two
The counsellor says there’s a debate about whether gambling is an
Risk Factors For Teen Gambling
addiction like drinking and drugs. I just know it makes me ill, like any
• Having immediate family members who gamble
other addict.
• Poor social bonding at home and at school
I gambled. And I lost. I sometimes think I’ve lost myself.
• Starting to gamble at an early age
Postscript
• Experiencing a big win shortly after starting to play • Boredom / loneliness / stress
The counsellor told Alan to keep records of everything he spent and of
• Strong sensation-seeking tendencies
all the money he owed so that he knew exactly what his financial status
• Impulsivity / poor self-control
was all the time. He also suggested that Alan started rebuilding his relationships, with family and former friends.
• Private, unlimited access to the internet (i.e. in a bedroom)
Alan 從不認為自己是賭徒。他是一位收入穩定的護士，擁有美好的前程及一班好友。自他投資在股票市場，麻煩便隨之而生。他認 為自己有一套必贏秘技，但這只是他一廂情願的想法！他一而再、再而三地輸錢，更確信只要繼續買下去，總有一天會把失去的全都 贏回來。
Do you know a youngster with a gambling problem? Call the Youth Wellness Centre for help tel. 2465 2828
Once a smoker Vera is in her 30s. She started smoking when she was 14. Her mother and older sister smoked but her school peers were not an influence. Now, as a well paid executive, recent price increases don’t affect her. Like many young women of her cohort, she finds it harder to quit than men. I wish I’d never started smoking. It began at home, on the balcony. My mum was there, late home after a long day at work, relaxed at last. She smiled. “Want a puff?” I’m still not sure if she was joking, but she didn’t try to stop me when I said “yes.”
Photo by asinina (Flickr)
Youth Hong Kong
Addicts talk
Photo by diljah (Flickr)
September 2011
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They didn’t try to stop me
Being outside with the other smokers felt like being a member of an exclusive club.
Dad wasn’t around much in those days but my big sister came out and joined us. We were very close, mum, sister and me. There was a kind of solidarity, smoking out there together. It was always like that – just the
By the time I got to university the stigma against smoking was taking
three of us together. Smoking seemed perfectly natural. I never smoked
effect. Everyone worried about second-hand smoke. I got used to going
at school, just at home. Of course in those days, smoking was still
outside for a smoke because of peer pressure more than anything.
glamorous and sophisticated. There were fewer concerns about health
Hanging out there with the others felt like being a member of an exclusive
or addiction.
club.
Smoker talks
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Fading glamour Then bit by bit the graphic warnings in words and pictures began to appear on the packs. I have to admit, I didn’t pay much attention. My friends smoked, my family smoked – it didn’t seem out of the ordinary. Even when a cold stopped me smoking for a couple of days, it didn’t last long. I’ve thought many times about quitting and even tried once or twice. But always, when having a social drink and after dinner, I like to have a cigarette. I also find that smoking calms me down, just as it did my mother. I thought more seriously about quitting when my estranged father died.
Warning signs The latest Census & Statistics Department thematic household survey (October-December 2010) shows that teenage smoking has increased. 2.5% of 15-19 year-olds smoke daily, up from 1 2 1.8% in 2009. However, a 2011 University of Hong Kong study of over 53,000 secondary school students has shown that the 50% increase in tobacco tax in 2009 resulted in a 51% drop in adolescent smoking. Since then a further 41.5% tax increase has come into effect. Meantime, the number of gangs in Tin Shui Wai 3 selling illegal cigarettes at 20%-50% the official price has trebled. All I have to say to young people is, “please don’t start.”
He had emphysema and I heard from his second family that he suffered a lot. My mother has a smoker’s cough and I worry about her. But so far, I’ve not made much progress.
Appeal to vanity Friends who don’t smoke are always telling me they don’t like the smell of smoke on my clothes, in my hair and on my body. They try to appeal to my vanity and say that smoking will ruin my skin and point to the wrinkles I already have around my lips.
Help to quit Helping youngsters give up smoking is part of the work of the HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre which runs quit smoking programmes in schools. Call 2465 2828 for information. The University of Hong Kong’s Hong Kong Youth Quitline (2855 9557) is peer-led and targets smokers aged 12-25.
I see my mother’s face and how grey and unhealthy her skin looks. I think of my dad’s breathing difficulties and the way he died. I know I must stop. I just wish I had more will power.
1 http://www.smokefree.hk/en/content/web.do?page=ThematicHouseholdSurvey 2 http://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_6450.html 3 South China Morning Post 14 June 2011, C3
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You t h w a t c h
Outreach to youth at risk HKFYG outreach social workers target both youth at risk and young drug abusers. While the Youth Wellness Centre focuses on assessment and treatment of youngsters with addictive behaviour, the outreach teams proactively seek those in need of help. Outreach Projects
Project SOAR
Outreach social workers go to streets corners,
(Skills, Opportunity and Recognition)
Community Project to Build a Healthy School and B415*
parks, fast food outlets and cybercafés, with
This secondary prevention project targeted youth-at-risk including truants, gang members and “hidden” youth, some of whom were delinquent. Programmes included positive life skills training, exploring vocational choices, adventure-based training, medical check-ups at the Kwai Chung Hospital, Chinese medical services at Yan Chai Hospital, mentorship schemes, and anti-drug leadership training.
This ongoing two-year anti-drug project has already completed a survey on Risk and Protective Factors Assessment on Youth Drug Abuse in 19 schools. Data have 1 been analyzed and published. B415, an integral part of the project, ran parenting skills training groups and workshops for over 200 participants, with sharing sessions by former young drug users.
the goal of preventing further marginalization in those whose behaviour hovers between the legal and illegal. Any young drug abuser can call the outreach teams tel. 2487 6151, to get evidence-based, effective treatment to help them change their behaviour, outlook and attitude.
Project Shine II Project Shine II, sponsored by the Beat Drugs Fund, is a remedial service for young drug abusers. It uses standard evidence-based assessment tools and counselling techniques. Training courses for parents and social workers, communities and schools, as well as medical check-ups for drug abusers, are included.
Youth-at-risk during outreach project activities
Going forward
Tai Sin; and the other serving Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung Districts. More details of their work
The Federation’s services for youth at risk
with 60 cases of drug abuse will be released in
focus on juvenile delinquency, youth gangs
December 2011.
and triads, drug abusers and risky sexual behaviour. The outreach units have worked with Kwai Chung Hospital Clinical Psychology Service to tailor-make assessment tools. The Federation operates two Outreaching Social Work Teams, one serving Sai Kung and Wong
Note* B415 = Before fifteen Source 1 Risk and Protective Factors Assessment on Youth Drug Abuse ( 青少年抗毒防禦及風險因素評估及 家庭關係與抗毒因素評估西貢區及黃大仙區區本報 告 ). HKFYG, 2011. http://oswsw.hkfyg.org.hk/chi/ healthyschool/survey.htm.
Yo uth w atch
Addiction alert
31
Subjective views, local research data and official figures are compared with some statistics from overseas in these 16 charts. On this page young people's own views are revealed.
Youth’s opinions 1. Did you have any symptoms of addiction last year? Often
45.8%
Sometimes or rarely 31.4% 26.0%
ONLINE
4.2%
SMOKING
2.4%
2.0%
DRINKING
0.6% 1.8%
GAMBLING
2. Why do you think people get addicted? Other 1% To get attention 2%
Don't know 14%
To keep friends 7%
To pass time 30%
To escape unhappiness 14% To have fun 18% To find satisfaction 14%
4. What do you think can help addicts? Other Medicine or 1% other treament 2% Religion 3%
Don't know 15%
More social activities 11%
Determination 23%
Encouragement of peers 22%
Family support 11% Counselling 12%
Respondents were told the major symptoms of addictive behavior: • recurrent, uncontrollable patterns of behavior that has harmful effects • need to increase frequency/ amount for same effects • increasing desire to repeat such behaviour • discomfort if such behaviour is stopped abruptly Ambiguity and controversy surround the phenomenon of internet addiction. There is no universally accepted definition of the condition.
13.1%
2.8%
Findings of an HKFYG youth poll reveal over a third consider themselves addicted to being online.
These tables reflect subjective opinion only.
DRUGS
3. Would you seek help if you were addicted? Definitely would 13% Don't know 30% Probably would 22% Definitely not 10%
Probably not 24%
5. What would stop an addict seeking help? Other 1% Don't know Not familiar with Don't want 14% services or anyone to know help available 24% Worry that 2% seeking help is complicated Think that 17% they could Believes that cope alone 23% the problem is not serious 19%
Source Charts 1-5 HKFYG Youth Research Centre, Youth Poll Series 203, 2010. Respondents were in secondary 1-7 approximately, 12 to 19. http://yrc.hkfyg.org.hk/eng/p203.html
Hong Kong statistics: official and academic sources Drug abuse 6. First took drugs before 16 Female 29.1%
Female 25.7%
Female 24.5%
2008
2009
2010
7. First took drugs when aged 16-20
Male 39.7%
Male 38.7% Female 34.3%
Male 36.5%
Male 34.8%
Male 34.3%
September 2011
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You t h w a t c h
Female 31.0%
2010 (first quarter)
2011 (first quarter)
Male Male Male Female Male 43.2% Female 42.8% Female 42.7% 42.1% 42.9% Female 39.6% 39.6% 39.0%
2008
2009
2010
2010 (first quarter)
Male Female 42.0% 40.4%
2011 (first quarter)
Drinking, smoking and gambling 8. Had at least one alcoholic drink in your life?
21 to 31 78.5%
18 to 20 59%
21 to 31 71.1%
18 to 20 57.9%
Male
9. Binge drinkers
21 to 31 23.3%
18 to 20 12.3%
Female
Male
10. Under 30s smokers
Female
11. Teenage smokers
20 to 29 17.5% 20 to 29 14.4%
20 to 29 12.5%
15 to 19 4.2%
15 to 19 4.2%
1982
21 to 31 8.7%
18 to 20 6.3%
20 to 29 9.7%
15 to 19 3.8%
1993
Male 43.0%
Male Female 53.7% 52.5%
Male Female 61.8% 59.5%
Male 67.9%
Female 57.7%
Female 33.0%
15 to 19 2.5%
2002/03
2007/08
1982
1993
2002/03
2010
12. Young gamblers and what they bet on 59%
Cards
64%
Mahjong 33%
Dice
28%
Mark Six Soccer: HK Jockey Club Horseracing: HK Jockey Club
8% 6%
Tossing coins
Soccer: local / offshore bookmaker
STUDENTS
MARGINAL YOUTH
4%
12%
47% 36%
30% 23% 22%
10% 15%
Online gambling
93% 54%
77%
Sources • Charts 6 & 7: Narcotics Division (2011), Central Registry of Drug Abuse figures for age of first drug abuse from voluntary reports. http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/crda.htm • Charts 8 & 9 : Kim, Jean H et al. “Prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.” Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2008:43. 360-370. • Charts 10 &11: Tobacco Control Office. Department of Health. (2008) http://www. tco.gov.hk/english/infostation/infostation_sta_01.html • Chart 12: Cheung Wai-ting, N & Cheung Yuet-wah. “Pathological gambling of marginal youths and students.” Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2010. http:// www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/en/press_detail.php?id=799
33
Yo uth w atch
International statistics What have teenagers tried? 13. China, East Asia and the US2 66.3% 59.7%
59.9%
58.1% 46.0%
38.7% 26.8%
37.2 % 28.4%
25.0% 11.4%
23.2%
9.6% 1.4%
Smoking China
Japan
Drinking Korea
1.7%
Gambling
1.8%
Drugs
U.S.A.
15. Australia3: drugs
14. Australia3: alcohol + tobacco 0.93%
0.87%
22.0% 20.0% 17.0%
18.0%
15.0% 13.0%
0.45%
7.0% 5.0% 3.0%
5.0% 3.0%
3.0%
0.3%
1.0%
14 to 15 Alcohol
Cannabis
16 to 17
Inhalants
Tobacco
14 to 15
Tranquillisers Hallucinogens Amphetamines Ecstasy
2.0%2.0%
3.0% 3.0% 2.0%
Opiates
Steroids Cocaine
16 to 17
Internet dependency 16. Worldwide prevalence of internet “addiction4” 38.0%
18.0%
8.1%
5.9%
5.4% 1.6%
US
Taiwan
Finland
2.0% China
Synonyms for internet “addiction” include: • Compulsive internet use • Pathological internet use • Problematic internet use • Internet dependency • Cyber dependency • CRT (computer-related technology) dependency Note HKFYG’s Youth Wellness Centre follows diagnostic criteria devised by Kimberley Young.5
Norway
1.6% UK
Korea
Italy
Sources 1 Controversies abound over definitions of internet “addiction”. The current edition of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) does not include a diagnosis for internet dependency. Discussion on changes for DSM V is invited at http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/ Pages/SubstanceUseandAddictiveDisorders.aspx 2 “Comparison of the rights of high school students [in] China, Japan, Korea and U.S.A.” (2009) http://vweb.youth.cn/cms/2006/syx/jygd/xsbg/201004/t20100409_1193480.htm 3 “Tobacco, alcohol, over-the-counter and illicit substance use among Australian secondary school students.” (2008) http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/ drugstrategy/Publishing.nsf/content/2C4E3D846787E47BCA2577E600173CBE/$File/ sch5.pdf 4 Chakraborty, K et al. “Internet addiction: consensus, controversies and the way ahead.” East Asian Archives of Psychiatry. 2010: 20, 123-132. 5 Young, K. “Internet addiction.” Cyberpsychology and Behavior. 1996: 3, 237-244
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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Cit y S p a c e
Attributes for future leaders The Global Citizenship Programme, organized by The Dragon Foundation which is administered by HKFYG, is sponsored by the Victor & William Fung Foundation. KM Wong, Director of the Victor & William Fung Foundation and the Li & Fung Foundation, talked about the characteristics of today’s leaders and how to nurture similar potential in youth. Major trends should be borne in mind when considering attributes for Hong Kong’s potential future leaders. First, there is the predominance of service industries in Hong Kong’s economy and the profound impact globalization has on these industries. Second, there is the dramatically increased speed of change. Third, there is company structure which no longer relies on traditional hierarchy. Instead, service is offered by a team and some activities are outsourced, requiring good communications and efficient orchestration of networks.
Listening, awareness and stewardship Therefore, young leaders need to be able to listen without prejudice, especially in a multicultural society such as ours. Good listeners have empathy and understanding. They also need awareness, the foresight to know what they are doing and the ability to foresee issues and outcomes. This requires self-understanding against the background of your own culture and heritage. It is the route to cultural identity. Our future young leaders also need to be persuasive and to be accomplished in stewardship for the benefit of the local and the global community. Global issues have an impact on the local community and will help resolve the local issues.
The best experience of the world outside Hong Kong comes from working overseas. Find out about the world abroad Such attitudes and characteristics can be acquired through the influence
KM Wong, Director, Victor & William Fung Foundation and Li & Fung Foundation
of parents, a good education and experience. Young people should be
I think the best experience of the world outside Hong Kong comes from
encouraged to go overseas for exposure and to broaden their minds.
working overseas. It takes at least two years to understand another
When they return and share with us what they have learned, we see how
culture in any depth, but this experience brings good opportunities for
their outlook has changed.
career advancement.
C ity s pace
35
Reading a good newspaper such as The Economist, on a regular basis, is excellent preparation for such an
An important element in our competitiveness is our open society with its great exposure to western culture.
experience. It provides background knowledge on current affairs. Without such knowledge one lacks the awareness of the broader picture needed to make sound evaluative judgments.
Exposure, independence and autonomy An important element in our competitiveness is our open society with its great exposure to western culture. We need to recognize this and take advantage of it. Another element is integrity. With integrity and the ability
Competitiveness, integrity and trust
to articulate well we can continue to build mutual trust.
In the last few years young people have begun to lose confidence in
A real leader for Hong Kong’s future needs to have the heart to make
Hong Kong and some think we might be losing our competitive edge,
changes despite all the challenges. We have been brought up expecting
especially with all that’s happening in China. My message is that our
to be told what to do. Now we need to know how to move forward
competitive edge exists, but if we are not fully aware of it, and if we don’t
independently. This includes learning how to govern ourselves. I hope
use it, we’ll lose it.
this is not too tall an order for our young people.
Global Citizenship Programme Fostering understanding of the nature of global citizenship and preparing students who have leadership potential to become true global citizens are the aim of this regular Dragon Foundation programme which is managed by the Institute of International Education (IIE). The programme sends Hong Kong university students abroad to acquire an international perspective, hoping to help equip them with the knowledge and skills needed by committed citizens who can take up leadership positions in the world. IIE fosters the free flow of knowledge and ideas across national boundraries. Its Hong Kong office informs students about study opportunities and scholarships. Visit www.dragonFoundation.net/index.htm www.iiehongkong.org/dragon/#iie Global Citizenship Programme participants
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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Cit y s p a c e
Migration and working overseas Three participants in The Dragon Foundation 2011 Global Citizenship Programme wrote about migration and working overseas. Personal factors include learning something new about themselves and others, adventure, and career advancement. The message is that this naturally anxious step brings great rewards to both host countries and those who move to them. Stopping xenophobia spreading Anders Behring Breivik, who confessed to the mass killing in Norway this year, may be considered insane but he claims he was trying to protect European Christian civilization from Islamic migration. Xenophobia is spreading with globalization. In Hong Kong there has been heated argument about residency rights for foreign domestic helpers. It has been the rationale for discrimination against immigrants, who some say bring keener competition for jobs. Migration means change, and we all fear changes. Then why do people migrate? Most of us need a strong reason. For some, it’s to earn a living, for others it’s to gain security or develop a career. But by moving, we experience the same anxiety as when we face waves of immigrants.
Making migration easier Populist provocation tells us immigrants do harm. No matter whether it is true, it
raises a question: what good do migrant workers do for the host country? The most inspiring concept in the seminar given by the International Organization for Migration during the Global Citizenship Programme 2011 was of migration as a process to be facilitated, not a problem to be solved. Overseas workers undeniably make an economic contribution. They help keep production costs low and meet the need for expertise lacking in the host country. Moreover, they bring their own customs and culture. Consider the wide variety of cuisines in Hong Kong and the small ethnic communities. Take the Thais in Kowloon Tong, for example. They have actually helped to establish the character and identity of the district.
Personal reasons: learning by comparing
people are known to be less keen to teach verbally and prefer teaching handin-hand. Apprentices are seldom taught a skill directly, but a good master gives enough opportunities for learning. I want to know how foreigners do it. Learning more about myself is my ultimate reason for going abroad. One finds out about other customs too and that helps rethink the socio-economic forces that have shaped modern society. Staying at home can be numbing. Run-of-the-mill routine means we take everything for granted. By moving overseas, we see how others live and become more aware of own society’s uniqueness. Moving one step further, we can also become more self-aware. Lawrence Leung Chun-ho, Hong Kong Baptist University
Among all the work possibilities overseas, an internship interests me most. It would involve learning how differently people work and seeing how students are treated. Chinese
Supporting Supportingthe theeconomy economy
Migration means change, and we all fear changes.
For Forcenturies, centuries,people peoplehave havetravelled travelledacross acrossthe theseas, seas,leaving leavinghome home totogo gototoanother anothercountry countrytotofind findaajob. job.Nowadays Nowadaysititseems seemsquite quiteaa common commonphenomenon. So phenomenon. Sowhy whydo dothey theydo doit?it?ToTohelp helpthemselves themselves only onlyorortotohelp helptheir theirhost hostcountry? country? Thanks Thankstotoglobalization, globalization,the thewhole wholeworld’s world’smarketplace marketplaceisismerging. merging. Companies Companiesset setup upoffices officesininmany manydifferent differentcountries countriesand andemployees employees are areasked askedtotowork workthere. there.They Theylook lookfor foropportunities opportunitiestotoexplore, explore, develop developand andexpand expandtheir theirmarket, market,sosothe theanswer snawerisismultifaceted. multifaceted.
Uneven Unevendevelopment development People Peoplealso alsomove movewithin withintheir theirregion, region,sometimes sometimesbecause becauseofof environmental environmentalororpolitical politicalfactors. factors.However, However,migration migrationcan canmake make for foruneven unevendevelopment developmentwhen whenmigrant migrantworkers workersgo gototocities citieswhere where wages wagesare aremuch muchhigher higherthan thanininrural ruralareas. areas.
C ity s pace
Giving it a try! Most people work overseas in pursuit of a better life for themselves and their families. Filipinos, Indonesians and Thais working in Hong Kong are an example. A senior lecturer from the Hong Kong Red Cross said that young domestic helpers in Hong Kong are very keen blood donors. Maybe it is because they are satisfied with their jobs and living standards. Perhaps they feel privileged and more ready to give. This is exhilarating news for a host country. It also bridges potential gaps between local and overseas workers. In Singapore, about 36% of the population are overseas workers. They offer what their host country wants. An influx of global talent and fresh views
37
results in more discussion and inspiration for the local community. It makes a tiny country diverse and more culturally open.
myself in the process. In an unfamiliar environment you step out of your comfort zone and learn things faster.
Committing to challenge
I love the adventurous feeling of daring to take a risk and doing something unpredictable. Grasp opportunity when it comes. You should try. You never know.
A typical case is Jay Herbert Walder, recently appointed chief executive officer of the MTR. He worked in the rail industry in England and the US for over 20 years. Even with such experience, he will need to learn from his colleagues and adapt to a new working environment. Committing to such a challenge requires courage.
Shirley Ko, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
I would also go abroad to meet new challenges, work in a completely different environment and cooperate with people of another culture who do not respond as I expected. It would be fascinating to understand why, learning more about
Why...? To help themselves or to help their host country? Choosing to work overseas is also an option for the well-qualified. Employment conditions might be similar but salaries could differ and prospects might be better. It can also bring exposure to other cultures, broader horizons and the chance to learn different skills. Overseas workers bring skills to their host community and fill professional gaps, sharing what they know with local workers, training them, and helping to build a sustainable economy. On the other hand, less skilled people take manual jobs that locals may not be willing to do. This also helps to support the local economy. Chan May-yan, The Open University of Hong Kong
An influx of global talent...makes a tiny country...more culturally open.
by Shelley Lee The ongoing plight of people in Somalia and other large scale humanitarian crisis zones, always calls to mind the work of the International Red Cross. Yet young people may not be aware of the dedicated individuals and philanthropists who lead the many fundraising campaigns, plan the aid missions and supervise at Ground Zero. Decades of sterling support A few months ago, I had the opportunity to support the call for a new
Photo by Remolacha.net pics (Creative Commons)
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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Guest column
future development. It took only one telephone call to rally Sir Run Run's support, and he pledged HK$100 million for the new building.
Hong Kong Red Cross HQ, and met some of the brains and beauty
That call was made by Mrs. Selina Tsang, herself no stranger to good
behind the project. The photo below shows, yours truly apart, faces that
causes. In a quiet but effective way, she inspires support for the causes
represent decades of leadership and sterling support for the Hong Kong
she serves by sheer example. So does Mrs. Rita Liu, a philanthropic
Red Cross. I'm privileged to say something about each of them.
powerhouse. For decades I have witnessed her selfless giving to
At 104 years old, Sir Run Run Shaw is readily recognized as the icon of the Hong Kong film industry, the pioneer of the Hong Kong Arts Festival, and the host of the Shaw Prize for scientific excellence. But our younger friends may not realise that he actually led the Hong Kong Red Cross for many years as Chairman and even now is solidly behind its
hospitals, schools, churches and countless charitable institutions. I am particularly touched by the way she gives a leg up to many new and struggling NGOs. Another ally is Lady Ivy Wu. Being Sir Gordon Wu's spouse does not deter her from going to Afghanistan on a Red Cross Mission at the drop of a hat. Or to supporting the unlikely sport of ice hockey for needy children in Hong Kong.
Follow in their footsteps As I gaze fondly at the photo of Sir Run Run and the ladies, I remind myself how fortunate we are in Hong Kong to have such fine examples of selfless giving and leadership. And I want to ask our younger friends to learn from their contributions and follow in their footsteps. In time, Hong Kong will need a new generation of heroes and heroines.
Left to right, clockwise: Lady Ivy Wu, Ms Shelley Lee, Mrs Rita Liu, Mrs Selina Tsang, Sir Run Run Shaw
C ity s pace
39
Are You Hungry? I'm not! by Fiona Wan, NT Heung Yee Kuk Yuen Long District Secondary School Photo by IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation (Turkey) (Creative Commons)
The writers of the essays on the next two pages have participated in HKFYG activities. Fiona Wan wrote about voluntary work in the last issue of Youth Hong Kong. Kanika Bali was at this year’s Summer School for Effective Leadership organized by the Federation and the University of Hong Kong. Here they write about topics of current interest in the community. The Joint Schools Famine brings hundreds of students together
We had the chance to polish our leadership and presentation skills,
overnight and participants abstain from solid food, learn about poverty
cooperating with others and gaining invaluable friendship. We could
and hunger and take part in experiential workshops and games. I was
also apply what we had learnt in class, such as economic concepts
one of the leaders this year and during the 20-hour fast we played
of specialization and opportunity cost. It was no piece of cake being
several ice-breaking games, developing mutual trust and having fun.
a leader of these activities but there was a sense of fulfillment, joy and
In one detective game, the players had to find the killer of an African teenager. The plot revealed some of the cruelties in the world, such as child labour, child slavery and broken homes. Another game was like a design contest, The Story of HIM, and there was a chance to show creativity and gain self-confidence.
Experiencing unfairness and hunger The highlight was a game called Try It Once Again. Participants simulated a day in the life of ordinary Africans, and saw how miserable the lives of poor, starving people are. One group represented a whole family and each participant acted as a child or an adult. They tried to earn money to buy food and fight against hunger. The game was a success because the players really did experience unfairness, poverty and hunger. Most participants gained a lot from taking part. They understood that what distinguishes one person from another is not ability, but access – access to education, access to opportunities and access to love. This encouraged them to cherish what they have trust each other learn how to work as a team.
happiness from making dreams come true. It only takes a spark to get a fire going but soon all those around you can warm up in its glow. If you have a dream, do not hesitate. Go for it. Share your dreams. As youngsters, we have the time, energy and passion. Sow your dreams. Ceaseless efforts will grow from them.
The Joint Schools Famine is an extension of World Vision's 30Hour Famine. It encourages students to organize or participate in fasting-related activities, experience real hunger pangs, reflect on their own luck, and offer help to the 925 million people in the world who are starving. World Vision introduced a 9-hour version of the 30-Hour Famine this year with The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups and The Dragon Foundation. See Caring Dragons in Taiwan, pages 50-51. Fiona Wan
The pink dolphin: nature’s bounty in Asia by Kanika Bali, The International School Bangalore Imagine someone taking your home to create their own. How would you
ideas. Fundraising on school open days and small-scale carnivals can
feel? What if your habitat was wiped out just to make someone else’s
create awareness and gather more widespread support. Even a short
more comfortable? Has it ever crossed your mind that while we enjoy
editorial in the school newspaper can attract a lot of attention. Always
immense economic growth and vastly improved standards of living we
remember that big things start small.
may be silently murdering other organisms that belong on our planet? The pink dolphin is one example. Found off the coast of Hong Kong, the pink colour emerges as they get older, their skin becomes translucent, and their heat control mechanism makes the blood vessels visible. In fact they are very much like humans. Their deep pink flush when they are
There are about a hundred pink dolphins left in Hong Kong, mainly around the airport. These magnificent creatures, related to a similar species in the Amazon, are endangered due to the rapid development of infrastructure which has disturbed their habitat. Pollution has also contributed to the steep fall in the dolphin population. Much of Hong Kong’s sewage is not treated and garbage is dumped into the sea every day. This makes it hard for dolphins to breathe and possible for them to choke. The Hong Kong government is making a major effort
Photo by takoradee(Wikimedia Commons)
excited is just like ours when we get embarrassed!
Saving the pink dolphin will, no doubt, be an uphill battle like one in my
to overcome this problem through the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme.
own experience. I have worked for nine years for a similar cause, saving
As youth, it is our duty to spread awareness of vulnerable creatures and
Indian tigers. Teenagers’ organizations are hesitant to fund such activities
create a sustainable environment. Signature campaigns in your school
and corporate bodies have turned a deaf ear to such issues many times.
or local community can be sent to government. Small action groups
However, if we stand together and put our minds to defending a worthy
can check on the appearance and behaviour of the dolphins and seek
cause no one can hold us back.
support from family and friends. NGOs like WWF can be approached for
The real question is: are you willing to change from an observer to an Photo by Steve Evans (Wikimedia Commons) Wikimedia
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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Cit y s p a c e
action-taker? To help you answer that question I’ll leave you with one thought that always stirs me into action: How can one overcome a storm while sitting in a boat on the shore?
Note Hong Kong’s pink dolphins are Chinese white dolphins (Sousa chinensis chinensis), sometimes known as the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin.
In the lo o p
41
Getting Hong Kong’s young people to exercise is often not easy unless they are good at sports. Dr Alison McManus of the University of Hong Kong Institute of Human Performance has been using a novel motivator: active video games. She also says that exercise is good for brains.
School time, culture and exercise In school, children are active for at least part of the day. They do Physical Education and are not allowed to use the lifts in multi-storey government schools. Outside school, Hong Kong children are sedentary most of the time according to Dr McManus. As she says, “Exercise is not a social activity here for the young but parental concern about overweight and health is underestimated.” “Parents do want to get the children involved with sport but from primary school onwards there is such a lot of homework. By the time it’s done, parents are usually home, the outdoors environment is challenging, and zipping down to the podium to play is not really an option. It’s dinner time. When that’s over, it’s bedtime. Even at national squad level in Hong Kong, if it’s exam time training will be once a fortnight at best.”
Zipping down to the podium to play is not really an option. The HKU Institute of Human Performance has done research on motivation for exercise. They have tried large health promotion messages on the Mid-Levels escalator, for example. In the UK there was a 12-15% increase in stair use as a result of a similar programme. Here there was just a 0.3% increase. There was the same reaction in an air-conditioned shopping mall. “We also did studies with pedometers and diaries, in government schools. Results were the same regardless of socioeconomic level, from
XaviX Jacky Chan game played on a dance mat
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
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In the loop
Aberdeen to Tseung Kwan O. No increase in walking. The study was selfregulated, and given how goal-oriented Hong Kong kids are, perhaps they found it stressful. They weren’t achieving their goal. Maybe they felt hopeless because they failed to reach it in the expected time.”
Exercise makes your brain grow stronger We have heard how regular exercise helps you eat and sleep better but apparently there are other benefits. The more you exercise, the better your brain performs. It is the result of the increased flow of blood. This means more oxygen, more energy and better all-round performance.
Did you know Tests have shown that exercise improves attention levels and memory, increases the size of the hippocampus1 and improves the brain’s capacity for learning. One study with 9-year olds using a treadmill suggests an increase of ability to pay attention and perform better academically. Another showed the connection between aerobic fitness and increased volume of the hippocampus and better memory in preadolescent children.2 A third used a video game of street-crossing to test reaction time, multi-tasking ability and spatial awareness.3 Notes and sources 1. Hillman, CH. / Neuroscience 159 no 3 (2009): 1044–1054. 2. Chaddock, L. / Brain Research 1358 (2010): 172-183. 3. Chaddock, L et al. / Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. (2011).
A neat solution If we agree that exercise is good, how can Hong Kong children be motivated? Active video gaming is one answer. Popular everywhere, in Hong Kong’s environment – hot and humid in summer, mum and dad at work, children bored at home – it is a natural. “They love it, but they don’t think of it as exercise,” says Dr McManus.
We need to set up active video game rooms in schools and in LCSD centres. “It’s called contingent gaming. The game on the screen stops if you stop moving. The kids in the programme would never go outside to exercise but active gaming might give them the impetus to get on their feet. We have used a variety of equipment with the Obesity Clinic at HKU. Students walked on a treadmill at just 1mph because walking faster means you can’t dual process. You either forget to walk, or to play the game. While walking, they played conventional Xbox games for 45 minutes, 3-4 times a week.” “We couldn’t get one boy, aged 16 and weighing 130kg, off the treadmill!
43
In the lo o p
He would have gone on for hours. The problem is he has no Xbox
steppers, hooked into Xbox games. A new device, the Kinect is also
at home – there’s no room and they cost too much – and for results
used for active gaming, but it requries too much space for the average
he needed to keep at it for a year. That means we need to set up
Hong Kong home and comes at a much higher cost.”
active video game rooms in schools, in Leisure and Cultural Services Department centres. Nevertheless, a new large scale study recently done in New Zealand backs up our findings that active video games can lead to weight loss. ”
... exercise can improve the brain's capacity for learning.
Dr McManus says she has never come across a compulsive active videogamer and the next challenge is to convince government that it is a good idea to provide active game equipment in schools and sports venues for public use. This would allow for directed, supervised, affordable use. What do you think? Write to youthhongkong@hkfyg.org.hk and let us know.
“There are cheaper, less sophisticated alternatives, like the XaviX Jacky Chan game played on a dance mat and hooked up to your own Dr. Alison McManus
computer. It’s a predecessor to the Nintendo Wii. You run and jump and dodge while looking at images of Hong Kong streets. It’s suitable for a small room but it does cost about HK$700. We also use Gamercize
Active video gaming: challenge and controversy Hong Kong’s Education Bureau has run surveys on physical fitness in students.¹ It found that 46.4% of junior secondary and 40.5% of senior secondary students spend over four hours a day watching TV, videos, using a computer or playing computer games so there is a natural hook up to active video games. The cheapest active video game equipment is about HK$700 so the first challenge is for manufacturers to bring the price down and make equipment fit into an average Hong Kong home. Such homes have the highest level of connectivity in the world and active online games can be free. That is where the controversy creeps in. Would helping kids get fit by getting them using video games actively also help to breed online game addicts? Source 1. Diet, physical activity and health: Hong Kong situation. Hong Kong Department of Health.
Gamercize steppers
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
44
Internetscope
Portable addictions by Shen Weihuang
Our young freelance correspondent picks up on the June issue’s theme, putting the mobile internet into the context of addictions. There are more connections than one as a recent UK survey confirms. I saw news the other day of a man in the UK, camped outside a store, already gearing up to be the first to get the new iPhone. I couldn’t help laughing at his craziness. It wasn’t until the sound of laughter faded into the atmosphere that I realized this was a case of “the pot calling the kettle black.” Actually, it was a flash-back. That was me, two years ago, lining up outside the store for three hours to get my smartphone. I just can’t help being attracted by some of these high-tech electronic devices, especially if they are portable.
Irresistible attraction It was almost twelve years ago, when Gameboy had just become
though they knew, deep in their hearts, that there wouldn’t even be junk mail in the inbox.
popular among school children, that I first wanted such things. We had
If you have a smartphone or an iPad, and even if you don’t have a text
a video game machine at home back then and the games were much
message or an incoming call, you probably like to sweep the touchscreen
more sophisticated than on a Gameboy, but I would still have sold that
just the same. And then sweep it again, without doing anything much
big video machine in exchange.
else at all, really.
Why? The only reason I can think of now is that, given the choice between playing a wonderful game at home and playing a not-so-fancy on a Gameboy was that with the latter I could play anytime, anywhere. I guess this explains why I bought a PSP a few years later. Gameboy and PSPs sales are limited because not all people like
Don’t you? And amazingly, after you have been doing all those meaningless things for a whole year, you still don’t think they’re boring. So, what’s going on?
games but the core concept can be extended. That’s why the Kindle,
I think we should give a big round of applause to the people who
smartphones, the iPad and other portable devices became popular.
invented these products. They really know about making good use of
Most of them have multiple features that are irresistible, but they all have
people’s vulnerability, their innocence and irrationality. And this behaviour
one important thing in common: internet access, almost anytime and
is predictable.
anywhere.
Deep in your heart
A book called Predictably Irrational, by Dan Ariely, an Israeli American psychology and behavioural economics professor from Duke University,
They are compelling. For example, most people who own a Blackberry
explains a lot about irrational behaviour and why it is repeated, over and
like its Push Mail which allows you to check your email when you
over again. Ariely says, "Once you see how systematic certain mistakes
are offline. Many of my friends formed the same habit after having a
are - how we repeat them again and again - I think you will begin to learn
Blackberry for a while. They wanted to check their email constantly, even
how to avoid some of them."
Inte rn e ts co pe
45
Would we be able to tell those friends about the most beautiful place we'd ever seen, with our own eyes and our own spoken words, instead of using a screen? Could we pick up a pen and write a letter to a loved one? I don’t know, but I hope we could.
Internet map by Idjjj (Creative Commons)
Reflecting on extremes He explains the Blackberry case as a gambling impulse. Every time a
Of course, I’m talking about extremes, but there are a growing number
person checks email it is an act of gambling, to see whether there is new
of them and that’s what's worrying. We don’t want “extreme” to become
email. It doesn’t do any harm, in the short term, but it does bring great
“normal.”
benefit to the phone makers. The long term effects, I think, mainly reflect
Environmental activists and scientists talk repeatedly about reassessing
lack of communication skills and health hazards.
our lives, about knowing what we really need. Maybe the time has come
Eating up time
for everyone to do just that.
“Portable addictions” are addictions you can indulge in anytime and anywhere. They eat up time that you used to spend going out with sitting in a café playing PSP or cell phones instead of engaging in real life communication with real people. A Chinese word, “Zhai”,* which was once described people who love staying at home, playing video games, reading comic books or obsessing about high-tech devices, is now used to those who actually don’t stay at home, but behave in exactly this way wherever they are. Time spent on these devices can squeeze your exercise schedule, or even eliminate it. A good workout is crucial for everyone and scientists have already found serious osteoporosis in teenagers who lack exercise. We rely too much on these devices. What would we do if, one day, they began to malfunction? Could we make friends again by introducing ourselves face to face and shaking hands instead of using Facebook?
Reflections on a smartphone by RafeB (Creative Commons)
friends and meeting new people. I have seen it so many times: people
Notes and Source * Zhai is Zaak in Cantonese 1 http://www.intersperience.com/news_more.asp?news_id=39 2 See the preceding article for more on this.
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
46
You t h Tre n d s
Tertiary education, employment, housing, poverty and cross border issues
Youth Trends in Hong Kong 2011 HKFYG Youth Research Centre Youth Trends in Hong Kong compiles and analyzes statistical data and research findings. It includes Indicators of Youth Values. The latest “Trends” is the tenth in a series that has been conducted by the HKFYG Youth Research Centre since 1997. Five important areas of concern covered by the book are summarised here, with recommendations for policy change.
Tertiary education Increasing global competition has made qualifications at tertiary level a basic requirement for many jobs. However, publicly-funded undergraduate places at local universities have hovered around 14,500 since 1994/95, representing about 18% of the relevant age cohort. This obviously lags behind the 25%-87% university enrollment rates of OECD countries.
The new academic structure will … [result in] an even bigger university enrollment bottleneck. Results of the 2011 Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination show that 18,972 candidates in total met the basic entrance criteria for institutions of higher education. However, only 12,417 candidates were admitted through the Joint University Programmes Admissions System(JUPAS). One third of those eligible were not admitted into any subsidized undergraduate programme. With the new 3-3-4 academic structure, all Secondary 6 students will sit the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination as of 2012. This replaces two public examinations, previously taken by Secondary 5 and Secondary 7 students, and will reduce the former filtering which took place as a result of examinations in Secondary 5. The result will be an even bigger university enrollment bottleneck. Going to university
Yo uth Tre n d s
47
There are 20,000 sub-degree admissions for self-financed and publicly-
As Hong Kong gradually
funded sub-degree programmes each year. However, only 1,927
develops into an increasingly
subsidized senior year undergraduate places are available, thus making
knowledge-based economy,
competition extremely keen.
job skills requirements have changed and increased.
Youth Trends 2011 urges the government to provide more subsidized
Those who lack relevant
undergraduate degree places to increase first year university enrollment
work experience, have poor
rate to at least 25% of the age cohort. It also recommends speeding up
educational attainments and
the development of private universities so that more students who are
few skills, will find less and
self-supporting can go to local universities.
less by way of opportunities for suitable work.
Undergraduate enrollment 20,000
18.0% 17.0% 17.7% 17.6%
18.5% 18.7% 18.5% 18.5% 18.5%
Employment support and 19.2%
counselling services, which give young people work experience and confidence
15,000
through on-the-job training should be continued and enhanced. There are currently 3,000 temporary work opportunities for what is
10 ,000
known as "programme workers" allocated to the subvented social welfare agencies, mainly providing work experience and on-the-job 5,000
training. Given that the chances of the least competitive youth might be eliminated in a knowledge-based economy, Youth Trends 2011
0
2001/02
2003/04 2005/06 2007/08 2009/10 2002/03 2004/05 2006/07 2008/09 2010/11
recognizes the need for adaptability of employees in an open job market.
Note The above figures include local and non-local students
Employment Unemployment of Hong Kong youth persists at 3-5 times that of the overall population. In the second quarter of 2011, unemployment rates for 15-19 year-olds and 20-24 year-olds were 18.6% and 9.2%
Quarterly Youth Unemployment Rate (%) 30
15-19 yr
20-24 yr
overall labour force
25
respectively, equivalent to 32,400 unemployed persons, of which 6,000 had been unemployed for six months or more. Up to 31,600 young people aged 15-24 who are in the labour force have only attained junior secondary education or below. Since they are less well-educated and have insufficient work experience, it is difficult for them to secure
20
15
10
employment on the open market. 5
Unemployment of Hong Kong youth persists at 3-5 times that of the overall population.
0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Youth Trends 2011 recommends a review of housing demand and the reinstatement of a long-term housing plan. In particular, it recommends relaxing the criteria for non-elderly single person applicants and an increased quota for this group. It also suggests the restart of the Home
September 2011
Youth Hong Kong
48
You t h Tre n d s
Ownership Scheme and proposes a government review of the possibility of short-term home rental schemes for young people to alleviate their housing problems.
Rent and sale prices for the smallest New Territories flats with a floor area of under 40m2 have increased by 38% and 73% respectively over the past ten years. Applicants for public housing by age group Somewhere to live
70,000 60,000
Housing
50,000
In the past ten years, young people’s incomes have decreased but
40,000
the cost of accommodation has risen. The housing problem therefore remains a stumbling block for young people who want to become independent. Youth who have great difficulty renting private property may apply for public housing but have very little chance of succeeding, given the Quota and Points System that principally counts age and waiting time. The
30,000 20,000 10 ,000
0
Mar 2007 >=50yr
Mar 2008 40-49yr
Mar 2009 30-39yr
Mar 2010
Dec 2010
18-29yr
number of non-elderly single-person applicants aged 18-29 has almost doubled, from 13,400 in 2007 to 26,700 in 2010, indicating the greater demand for public housing from younger people. Sandwich class youth, those between the low- and the middle-income socio-economic groups, who wish to purchase homes of their own, also have few opportunities because the government has ceased running subsidized home ownership schemes . Both low-income and sandwich class youth rely on the private property market if they want to live independently from their families. However, rent and sale prices for the smallest New Territories flats with a floor area of under 40m2 have increased by 38% and 73% respectively over the past ten years. The shortage of suitable accommodation has therefore prolonged young
Poverty According to The Hong Kong Council of Social Service (HKCSS), poverty is defined as living on a monthly income equal to or less than half of the median income of households of equivalent size. Given this definition, the poverty rate among young people aged 15-24 has increased from 15.9% to 20.1% in the past ten years. Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) figures from the Social Welfare Department also show their continued poverty. The only increase in recipients of CSSA is among young people aged 15-24, with 55,377 recipients in 2010, accounting for 6.3% of the population.
people’s dependence on their parents as home providers and makes it
Hong Kong also has a trend of regionalized poverty. 40% of 15-24 year-
difficult for them to live independent lives.
old CSSA recipients live in Yuen Long, Kwun Tong and Kwai Tsing,
49
Yo uth Tre n d s
the three districts with the highest concentration of youth in poverty.
for more than 40% of all infants born in Hong Kong. Up to 80.3% of
According to the HKCSS definition, poverty rates in Sham Shui Po, Yuen
both parents of such infants are not permanent Hong Kong residents.
Long, Kwai Tsing and Kwun Tong have reached 25% across the entire
According to the Basic Law, Chinese citizens born in Hong Kong have
population.
permanent residency rights which explains why so many mainland
Youth Trends 2011 urges the government to develop policies that
women give birth here.
counter the current trend of increased poverty amongst the young and
Such children have the same rights as any other Hong Kong children.
to address the issue of regionalized poverty. The report recommends
Most of them live with their parents on the mainland at present, but they
policies that make it possible for poor youth to become upwardly mobile
may create new demands for education, community services, healthcare
by providing them with more opportunities to learn and build social
and housing in Hong Kong as they grow up. The surge in cross-border
networks. It suggests the setting up of district-based communication
school children is an example of this.
platforms to allow people to express to government the needs of districts.
Youth Trends 2011 comments that the government is yet to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the social impact of mainland women crossing the border to give birth. In-depth studies which plan for their
The poverty rate among young people aged 15-24 has increased from 15.9% to 20.1% in the past ten years. Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) by age group 20%
future are needed. The report recommends that government acts in order to provide the necessary information for planning and assessment of various potential social needs. Furthermore, policy-makers are urged to formulate relevant population policy.
Live births in Hong Kong to mainland women 100,000
80,000
15%
60,000 10% 40,000 5% 20,000
0%
2003 0-14yr
2004
2005 15-24yr
2006 25-39yr
2007 40-64yr
2008
2009
2010
>=65yr
Cross-border issues The number of mainland children crossing the border daily to attend Hong Kong schools has increased from 3,803 in 2004-2005 to 8,038 in 2009-2010. Most of these children live in Shenzhen but they have the right of abode in Hong Kong. Since 2001, more and more mainland women give birth in Hong Kong. There were 40,648 births to mainland mothers in 2010, accounting
0 2001 Total live births
2002
2003
2004
2005
Live births to mainland woman
2006
2007
2008
2009 2010
Spouses not HK permanent residents
‌mainland children crossing the border daily to attend Hong Kong schools‌ increased from 3,803 in 2004-2005 to 8,038 in 2009-2010. Notes and sources 1 For example, Australia has an enrollment rate of 87%; Luxembourg: 25%. OECD. Education at a glance: Education indicators. 2010. 2 Except for surplus government Home Ownership Scheme flats.
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
50
Photo essay
The “Dragon” symbolizes vigour, creativity, hope and progress, so the 500 young Chinese people from all over the world who took part in this last programme in the Dragon Series last summer were called “Caring Dragons.” The series was co-organized by HKFYG with the All-China Youth Federation and sponsored by The Dragon Foundation. “Caring Dragons in Taiwan” was partnered by World Vision Hong Kong, World Vision Taiwan and Junior Chamber International Taiwan.
P h o to e s s ay
30-Hour Famine at Taipei Linkou Gymnasium
Dragons Series concludes
51
Six major events on the dragon theme have been organized since 2000 in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taiwan, with the support of The Dragon Foundation. The aim was to instill a strong sense of identity, a global perspective and a desire to serve the community. “Caring Dragons in Taiwan” took place from late July to early August 2011 in Taipei, Kaohsiung and Pingtung County. Participants came from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Canada, the US, UK, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam. They explored issues related to poverty, did volunteer work and learned about the history and culture of Taiwan. There was a World Chinese Youth Forum in Taipei and community service in an area hard hit by Typhoon Marakot in 2009. Study visits focusing on socio-cultural development, a “30 Hour Famine” organized by World Vision Taiwan, and a spectacular Dragon Dance completed the programme.
Youth Hong Kong September 2011
52
HKFYG news
Wudang Mountain Martial arts and ancient architecture Thirty students spent over two weeks in June at Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province. They trained hard, building self-discipline and physical strength by studying wushu, qigong and Taoism. They also had time to explore the area’s natural beauty and imperial architecture on this youth exchange trip supported by BOC Group Life Assurance Co Ltd.
UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site The palaces and temples of the ancient architectural complex at Wudang Mountain (Wudangshan) were built during the Ming dynasty (14th–17th centuries). It is the birthplace of Wudang martial arts and was listed as a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO in 1994.
HKF YG ne w s
53
I love Wudang On the HKFYG trip in June this year I learned Taiji kung fu at Wudang Taoist Kungfu School at the Yuanhe Temple. I learned many other things too. Mr Chan, my master, taught us wushu concepts and their meaning every night. He said, “All forms of Taiji came from Wudang, one of the oldest and most important schools of Chinese martial arts. It enjoys equal prestige with Shaolin wushu, hence the saying the North has Shaolin while South Wudang.” My team mates and brothers loved kung fu just like me. We shared what we learned, helped each other solve problems and remembered that Mr Chan said, “It’s not easy to learn martial arts and you must never give up.” I will continue to learn about Chinese culture and propagate it. I changed a lot because of the trip. Now, when I have problems, I know how to keep calm and think twice before acting. Thank you to my team mates, the organizers and Mr Chan. I miss you all and will never forget our time together. Chris Cheung Yau-man, 22, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Chris Cheung, team mates, brothers and master
Experience the outdoors in Sai Kung
September 2011
Youth Hong Kong
54
HKFYG news
During Phase I redevelopment‌
‌ after completion of Phase II redevelopment
The HKFYG Jockey Club Sai Kung Outdoor Training Camp at Tai Mong Tsai is being redeveloped with HK$133 million from The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust. Watch this space for more news on upgraded facilities. Phase III redevelopment goes ahead New-look facilities 28-person duplexes as well as 12-person rooms will have views of the sea to the south. Total number of camp beds will be increase from 236 to 460. Canteen block More campers means more diners so a bigger canteen and a cafeteria will offer a varied menu in a more spacious environment. Adventureland Adventure training has always been our main focus and the new Adventureland will have a rope course, sport climbing, a high wall and abseiling facilities. Construction will be completed by 2013. Meantime, overnight and day facilities will remain in service. Looking forward to seeing you all!
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Youth Hong Kong is for all who are concerned with young people. Published four times a year, it focuses on themes such as the internet, education, careers, health, the environment, arts and culture. Please visit youthhongkong.hkfyg.org.hk for details on advertising rates. For more information, please contact Andrey Leung (3755 7041) or email youthhongkong@hkfyg.org.hk.
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Addiction?
Don't wait, get treament
香港青年協會青年全健中心 HKFYG Youth Wellness Centre