2021 Taiwan Countryside * COASTAL TAIWAN
YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH
COEXISTENCE
© Taiwan Panorama
COEXISTENCE
© Taiwan Panorama
B.P. B.P.
6000
6000 B.P. Sea Level
AFTER LAST GLACIAL PERIOD
2050 Sea Level Rise (+10m)
TAIWAN WEST COAST CONTINUOUS CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING EXTREME CLIMATE CHANGE
Territorial Sea
2050
1990s
1990s
Taiwan West Coast Dump © Our Island
Taichung Port South Coast © Taiwan Panorama
1990s
2021
Yongan Cosat © Taiwan Panorama
Yongan Cosat © Business Weekly
Matsu Islands
Kinmen Islands
Taiwan Coastline
1,988km
Penghu Islands
=
COASTAL AREA High Water Line Low Water Line // Coastline Coastal Land Road
Offshore Area
Green Island
30m
Artficial Coast
67.9% Western Coastline
Liuqiu
6km
× 20,000
Lanyu
864km
Daguan Industrial Zone Guantang Industrial Zone
FP FL Hsinchu Experimental Zone FP FL Hsinchu North
Lize Industrial Zone
FP FL Changhua Yupu
Taichung Export Processing Zone
FH FL Changhua Wanggong
Heping Industrial Zone
Changhua Coastal Industrial Zone
FP Yunlin Taixi Yunlin Offshore Industrial Zone
FP FL Chiayi Aogu FP Chiayi Haomei
Dongshi Industrial Zone
SP Tainan Qigu Binnan Industrial Zone
1720 Taijiang Village
Tainan Technology Industrial Zone
FP Tainan Zengwen
Anping Industrial Zone Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone Kaohsiung Coastal Industrial Zone Linyuan Industrial Zone
FP
Fish Pond
SP
Salt Pan
FH
Fish Harbor
FL
Farmland
1720-1895 Qing Dynasty 1895-1945 Japan
1720-1979
1970-1999
1947-1956 ROC
NATURAL TIDAL FLATS RECLAMATION
COASTAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE BOOMING
1956-1979 ROC
1956 Reclaimed Land Development Law in Taiwan
1970-1999 ROC
1970s Export Processing Zone
TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL COASTAL USE
1990-2000s
landfill
burn waste
recycling processing
thermal power plant
industry zone
harbor
wastewater waste reclamation
theme park
1905
1924
1956 Tidal Flat Tidal Flat
Sandy Flat
Farmland
Farmland
Muddy Flat Fish Pond
Fish Pond
1985
Oyster Farm
Aquafarm
1999
Oyster Farm Industrial Zone Reclamation
2021
Oyster Farm Waste Recycling Industrial Zone
Offshore Wind Farm Google Data Centre Onshore Substations
Farmland Industrial Zone Reclamation
Fish Pond
Farmland Industrial Zone Reclamation
Fish Pond
Solar Panel
Industrial Zone
Farmland Fish Pond
RECLAMATION * CHANGHUA COAST
B
A Rocky Coast B Sandy Coast
A
C Coral Reef Coast D Cliff Coast
C
D
GEOLOGICAL TAIWAN © Geological Magazine - Cambridge University Press 2019
2011. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident
JAPAN Nuclear Plant No.1&2 Nuclear Plant No.3
TAIWAN
Photo : The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant after a massive earthquake and subsequent tsunami in March 2011. © Getty Image // Britannica
2017 4.9% 9.3%
2025
8%
38.6% 2025. Nuclear-free
39.2%
LNG Coal Renewable Energy
20% 30%
50%
Nuclear Power Other
© Reuters
COAL fired load reduction
RENEWABLE energy expansion
LNG power plant upgrade
PHASE I
PHASE II
Linkou Power Plant
3
?
Bali
Xiehe Power Plant
Waimushan 4
Guantang
Datan Power Plant
Heping Power Plant * Tunghsiao Power Plant 2
Taichung
5 2
Taichung Power Plant
Taichung
6
Taixi
Mailiao Power Plant *
Hsinta Power Plant 1
South Area Power Plant Talin Power Plant
Yongan
1
LNG power generation exceeds coal 2019 250
Total
Yongan 7
Dalinpu
200 150
LNG
100 50 GW 0 1985
Coal-fired Plant LNG Plant LNG Pipe Coastal Area
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1985-2020
LNG POWER IN EARLY STAGE
2015
2020
Coal
LNG Terminal
Nulear
LNG Terminal (Plan)
2025
2020-Future
COAL-LNG POWER IN TRANSFORMATION
1990s
2000s
LNG Terminal 2
Ash Pond
Taichung Coal Plant
2010s
LNG Terminal
2020s
5
2
TAICHUNG LNG Terminal
5
TAICHUNG LNG Terminal
Offshore Wind Terminal
5 2
Offshore Wind Terminal
2
Taichung Coal-LNG Plant
2
TAICHUNG LNG Terminal
2
Jiading Wetlands Hsinta Port
LNG Ship
Hsinta Coal-LNG Plant
Yongan Wetlands
Yongan LNG Terminal
1
1
YONGAN LNG Terminal
© Ministry of Economic Affairs
Guantang LNG Terminal 3
Guantang Industrial Port
3
GUANTANG LNG Terminal in Construction
Datan LNG Plant
Algae Preserves
© Ministry of Economic Affairs
Algal Reef Algal Reef Algal Reef
© Wild at Heart Legal Defense Association
2050. net zero emissions
RENEWABLE energy expansion
PHASE III
PHASE II
215 78
164
613
23
NORTH AMERICA
2018 2030 2050
ASIA
2018 2030 2050
5
126
2018 2030 2050
19
EUROPE
TAIWAN STRAIT
80% World Ideal
Asia would dominate global offshore wind power installations by 2050, followed by Europe and North America.
MEAN WIND POWER DENSITY Offshore Wind Installed Capacity (GW)
2018 2030 1 2050 3
2018 2030 1 2050 5
Offshore Wind Farms
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
OCEANIA
© Global Wind Atlas
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wi
No r th ea nd st sp M on ee n so 11 on .9 4– 12 .0 2m
/s
Carbon Absorption
IT
N WA I TA
10,000,000,000 trees per year
Carbon Reduction
10,450,000
tons per year
A TR
S
2025 Taiwan Strait Wind Power 5.5GW
1,000 9% WIND
2017 Pilot Project
20% RENEWABLE
2020 Building 2021 Building Construction before 2030
2017-2030
Territorial Sea Water Depth -50m
Artificial Reefs
OFFSHORE WIND FARM PLAN
ARTIFICIAL REEFS = UNDERSEA ECOSYSTEM
COASTAL ARTIFICIAL REEFS
237km2 SOCCER FIELD IN TOTAL
33,194 © Pexels
OFFSHORE WIND PLANTS ECOLOGY IMAPCT
© Oceanography Vol.33, No.4 © Taiwan Environmental Information Centre
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WHALE & DOLPHIN OBSERVER
WATER -50m DEPTH
COASTAL AREA High Water Line Low Water Line // Coastline
A
B WATER -50m DEPTH
Coastal Land
Offshore Area ++
30m
2017-2030
50m
OFFSHORE WIND FARM CONSTRUCTION
Onshore Substation Offshore Substation
Gravity Base
Monopile Foundation
A
WATER DEPTH > -50m Electric Cable
Tripod Foundation
Jacket Foundation
Barge
Spar-buoy Floater
B
WATER DEPTH < -50m Electric Cable
Semi-submersible Floater
Tension Leg Platform
FORMOSA 1 PILOT PROJECT
© Ørsted
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Matsu Islands
*
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33km
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China’s offshore wind farm is 33km nearby Dongquan, Matsu Islands Kinmen Islands, Matsu Islands (Taiwan Strait) & Pratas Island (South China Sea) are Taiwan’s territory.
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Offshore Wind Farm Booming WATER DEPTH
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Kinmen Islands
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Pratas Island 0
100 km
OFFSHORE TERRITORY & BOUNDARIES © MAP - 4C offshore // Boundaries - Marine Regions
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Tu rbi ne I nd Wi
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N WA I TA
CHANGHUA COASTAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE
Wi
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TAICHUNG INTERNATIONAL PORT
WATER DEPTH -50m WATER DEPTH -50m
YUNLIN MAILIAO INDUSTRIAL ZONE
CHIAYI DONGSHI CAISANCHO ISLAND Penghu Islands
© Taiwan Panorama
Land Subsidence Level (cm)
OFFSHORE - COAST LANDSCAPE
TAICHUNG INTERNATIONAL PORT
EA
I
N WA I TA
T
R TO I R ER
S AL
R DE R BO
CHANGHUA COASTAL INDUSTRIAL ZONE
WATER DEPTH -50m WATER DEPTH -50m
YUNLIN MAILIAO INDUSTRIAL ZONE
CHIAYI DONGSHI CAISANCHO ISLAND
GLOBAL SHIP TRACKING © MarineTraffic
CHANGHUA COASTAL STACKING
MARINE ENGINEERING
COASTAL ENGINEERING
Offshore Construction is the installation of structures in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources.
Tetrapods are a type of structure used to prevent erosion caused by weather and longshore drift, primarily to enforce coastal structures such as seawalls and breakwaters. © YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH
LA
RG E
INE TURB D N I W
RE SM ALL HO
ND TURB WI I
NE
O NS
ON SH OR E
CHANGHUA COASTAL PLANTING
COASTAL OYSTER FARM
© YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH
INDUSTRIAL LAND
SEA FISHING
INDUSTRIAL LAND
UNBUILT BEACH
INDUSTRIAL LAND
INDUSTRIAL LAND
INDUSTRIAL LAND
WAVE BLOCK
EMBANKMENT OF SEA
INDUSTRIAL LAND
CONSTRUCTION
FISH POND
FISH POND
FISH POND
SUBSTATION
LARGE WAVE BLOCK
FLOATING SOLAR PANEL INNER SEA
INDUSTRIAL LAND
EMBANKMENT OF WATERWAY
WETLAND
NATURAL COAST
SMALL WIND TURBINE
FISH POND
COASTAL OYSTER FARM
© YUN-SHIUAN HSIEH
OFFS
HORE
OFFSHORE WIND
SOLAR PAN
EL
FARM
S
SM
& NS O I AT ST
N RA
N
IO
ISS
M TE S SY
T
UB
ES R HO
S
ON
GREATER CHANGHUA OFFSHORE - ONSHORE SUBSTATIONS & TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
© Ørsted
NORTH SEA OFFSHORE POWER HUB * HYDROGEN NETWORK CROSSING BORDER IN ENERGY The energy transition requires new forms of infrastructure and intelligent use of existing networks. Hydrogen as a fuel and as a raw material can help to achieve CO2 reduction targets.
© TenneT // Gasunie // Herbert Smith Freehills // Cerulean