Driving Waiting_ Unlocking people

EXPLORING INTERACTIONS

DRIVING WAITING A design exploration of the waiting experience in a bus stop

Mengqi Yuan 4514033

© Mengqi Yuan (4514033) ID 4250 Exploring Interactions (2015-2015): ‘Unlocking People’ Context group: Public Space Supervisors Ingrid Mulder Ester Zwijnenberg Master Design for Interaction Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Delft University of Technology

BUS WAITING EXPERIENCE When we say “wait”, means you have to stay in the same place for a period of time. Both the information & vision you get are being limited.

Exploring Overview The visual below show the process of this project. fig.1 exploring process

1

CIRCLE 1:IDEATE Get insights

Design goal Iteration

(Improve design goal depend on new insight & Deeper research)

(What is current interaction) Obsevation Interview Collage

Formulate design goal & Interaction vision (What is desired effect)

2

(What is desired interaction?)

CIRCLE 2:ITERATE Ideation & Selection (How to acchieve the desired effect) Brainstrom(brunch of ideas) Intervention Test & evaluate Using design goal & Interaction vision as criteria

Develop one design concept & Prototype "Show people who waiting in a bus stop the bus information in dirver's view"

3

CIRCLE 3:DEMONSTRATE Implement Test parts of the concept & Get feedback How to show people the driver's view Where to put this design What is the information structure

Test the full concept in real situation Put the design into real situation to see how people react(interaction) Using questionaire to get procise feedback(feeling, experience)

Improve Improve the concept depent on user feedback

Futher Suggestion How to make the concept sophisticated

Present

Make a video and a poster

Design goal iteration process Keep refining my design goal, try to make it more clear and precise fig.2 design goal iteration process

Start from an opportunity Key Insight: Waiting experience is annoying for most of people(collage)

Create happy bus waiting time To make the effect more specific

Enable an enjoyable bus waiting experience Make people wait alone and have no plan for their waiting time feel they are not wasting time but enjoying the time.

Key Insight: Open to explore surrouding but easily get bored(observation & interview) Keep looking at the bus coming direction(observation) Data

I want to create fresh bus waiting experience How to make everyday different?

It is about HAVING FUN? What is the real need behind these appearance?

Key Insight: Vague bus information cause stress and unsure People try to find a more convincing way to get bus information Being limited in the physical space

Information Information

Knowledge

I want to connect bus and people who are waiting for bus in a way that make waiting people feel at ease.

People being limited in physical space, both vision and information can get are being limited

It is not only about having fun!

Contents Exploration Overview Design Goal Iteration Process 0.1 Introduction 0.2 First Observation 0.3 Interview 0.4 Key insights 0.5 Journey Mapping 0.6 Conclusion 0.7 Design Goal 0.8 Interaction Vision 0.9 Design Directions

1.0 Design Intervention 1.1 Intervention Test 1.2 Intervention Evaluation 1.3 Concept Development 1.4 Concept Improvement 1.5 Detail Explore 1.6 Design Test 1.7 Evaluation Study 1.8 Future Suggestions 1.9 Reflection

Introduction Waiting for bus is not a that pleasant experience for most of people. Sometimes you’ll have long, lonely minutes waiting time.Your eyes scan the area. It’s bleak, with nothing to do, no way to get out of the elements, and no one with whom to pass the time.

People keep looking at the bus coming direction, but can not caught a clue about the bus they are waiting for.

Waiting for bus can be seen as a start or an end of a day, which highly effect whole day emotion. A better bus waiting experience can exactly upgrade the feeling of happiness. Consequently, it would be an opportunity to enable people a brand new bus waiting experience.

The goal of this project is to design a product or service for an explored interaction in bus stop.A collection of three reports shows the three cycles: ideate, iterate and demonstrate (fig.1).

The Hovenpassage bus stop( a bus stop mix with bus and tram) will being used as the sample of this project. I wiil start from finding insights by observation and interview in this bus stop. For deeper research, mindmap, journey mapping and collage would be involved to figure out the current situation and what is the desired situation. In the end, one final design concept would be formulated with some further suggestions.

A bus stop is a designated place where buses stop for passengers to board or alight from a bus. it is a romatic place that always be made as background in film to show the passing time. It is also an interesting place that looks like a static stop compare to the busy surrounding.

01

First Observation I observed in a bus stop where have both bus and tram. I observed there three times and recorded information through pictures and films.

General Finding More than

90%

people wait alone.

Average tram waiting time: 10 mins Average bus waiting time: more than 15mins

Looking at bus coming direction

20%

I found lots of people keep looking at the bus coming direction with a not good facial impression.

Using Mobile Phone

40%

Lots of people sitting or standing with mobile phone, they keep using mobile phone and check if the bus arrive occasionally.

Talking People who waiting in the bus stop not alone would keep chating with their fellows.

Looking around

5%

20%

Explore novel things.

I took photos in the bus stop, a women in the photo also followed my camera direction to see what in there, which can be translate to people being curious about things happened in surrounding when their time are unoccupied.

Wandering

5%

Some people keep walking around in the bus stop

03

Futher observation Wandering The visual below show the trace of walking around fig.3 Trace of walking around

2

The man stop in front of trees, pick leaves and smell, after several seconds he throw away the leaves and keep looking at the bus coming direction.

3 keep looking at the bus coming direction.

WANDER TRACE

1

Keep wander around to explore novel things.

People walk around as a way for relax and exploring surrounding. An interesting thing is people did not relax they are wandering if you ask them, it is a substancial behavior that show impatient and open to explore surrounding.

04

Interview After the first observation, several interesting findings arose my attention, I try to figure out reasons behind their behavior by several interviews and a questionaire. I interviewed 15 people in the bus stop and several other people in some other situation.

Interview After the first observation, several interesting findings arose my attention, I try to figure out reasons behind their behavior by several interviews and a questionaire. I interviewed 15 people in the bus stop and several other people in some other situation.

What are you doing with the phone?

Using social media Reading(News) Game Working(email)

30% of people walking around when waiting Q: Why do you keep walking around?

“It is hard for my to sit, I would rather walking around to find some interesting things to see. ” “I did not realize I am wandering if your did not told me, I can hardly seat there, it make me feel more boring. ”

People are open to explore the surrounding but easily get bored How to make people keep feel fresh?

Compare to waiting, I more likely to sit on bus, enjoy the changing scenery.

Why people keep looking at the bus coming direction?

More than direction.

90% of people have the behavior of looking at the bus coming

Q: Why do you keep looking at the bus coming direction?

“I do not want to miss my bus, so I try to search my bus, I feel a bit of disappointed if the coming one is not my bus”

Q: Do you think the provided bus information is convincing?

Convincing

Vague

11

0

3 People try to find a more convincing way to get bus information.

Q: What makes you feel really annoying when waiting in a bus stop?

“Waiting time on electonic schedule would suddenly goes up, which is really annoying...”

“I keep looking at the bus coming direction, but the coming one is not my bus...”

UNSURE

&

DISAPPOINTED

What kinds of information is more convincing?

06

Key Insights Summarized all findings from observation and interview, and get three most interesting key insights

1

Vague bus information cause unsure and stress.

Quotes: “The waiting time sometimes suddenly goes up without notify the reason. it is really annoying” --Interviee A Feel uncertain about the bus information, there two ways to get bus information, one is the counting down in the electronic screen, the other one is keep looking at the bus coming direction.

But the information in electronic screen is bit of vague and boring. People try to capture their bus information in a more convincing way.

More than 90% of waiting people keep looking at the bus coming direction. They want to get more clear information about their bus.

2

People try to find a more convincing way to get bus information, but being limited by the physical space.

Quotes: “I do not want to miss my bus, so I have to make sure if my bus coming."

"Compare to the provided count down, I choose to lean on my own eyes...."

--Interviee B --Interviee C

According to my observation and several times of interview, keep looking at the bus coming direction can be translated as a behavior for getting a more convincing bus information. However, becauce of the limited vision distance( about 200 meters), people can not keep tracking the bus they are waiting for.

3

Open to explore surrounding but easily get bored Quotes: “I wait here as daily routine, I like looking around, but things never change ”

--Interviee D

“Compare to wait for bus, I more likely to sit on bus, since the vision outside is keep changing” ” --Interviee E People try to explore new things when they are waiting, through different kinds of methods, for instance using mobile phone to read news, chat with friends, also looking around to find novel things, wander and play with something. However, people usually wait in the same station, things never change, it is easily get bored.

08

Journey Mapping Visualized the waiting experience and compare the current situation with experience should be provided in the future fig.4. journey mapping

09

10

Conclusion According to the research has been done in the circle1 and deeper research in circle 2. Current situation can be summaried into “Being limited�. Waiting people and the bus they are waiting for being connected in a way that make people feel a bit of stress and unsure. People have to keep looking at the bus coming direction as a way to get more convincing information about the bus.

Physical context

Behavior

Limited Vision

Limited scenery

Limited Information about the bus (Try t o find a more convincing way to get bus information, that is keep l ooking a t the bus coming direction, but the visible distance often less than 200 meters.)

(open to explore surrounding but easily get bored about the changeless surrounding)

Emotion

being limited by physical space

Dull

Better experience

Unsure & Stress Feel more assure of waiting time

Fresh scenery

Target effect

Feel at ease

Fresh view & have fun

Provide more convincing bus information

fig.5. research conclusion

OPEN CONFIDENT

FRESH

AT EASE STRESS

LIMITED

UNSURE

DISAPPOINTED 11

Design Goal "I want to connect people in a bus stop and the bus they are waiting for in a way that make waiting people feel at ease."

12

Interaction Vision “Standing on higher ground, feel everything are in control.”

Open Standing on higher ground can get boarder eyesight, feel mind and eyesight open.

The way to connect bus and people waiting in a bus stop should be open, which can easily access and everyone get the same opportunity to use it. And people should feel eyes open.

Confident With boarder vision, feel everything are in-control.

“I am the king of the world!”

People can interact with the product naturally, without much effort. And the product/service should being understood easily.

People should feel more confident about their waiting time.

Fresh Standing on a high place can get boarder eyesight, feel mind and eyesight open.

It will be a brand new experience for people who are waiting in a bus stop, people would being attracted by this design and willing to try it.

What is more, this design should be explorative at the same time.

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Design Directions Show the waiting time in a convincing way

(Let people see by themselves!)

Using telescope to search the bus you are waiting for.

Show driver’s view on the screen in bus stop, so people can track the bus they are waiting for and know the reason of time goes up.

Other people provide information Connect people waiting for the same bus in different bus stops, share bus information each other.

Connect people waiting in bus stop and people in the bus , share bus information each other Visualized bus information & time wind speed speed of the bus driver’s mood change count down into real-time route motion fig.6. design directions

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Design intervention After initial evaluation using design goal and interaction qualities(Appendix2). The most interesting ideas have been chosen to test(with green dot).

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"Play with it !"

Intervention Test To decide which direction would be the most fruitful to continue with, two prototypes were tested.

Test 1 Do you willing to share information with strangers?

Intend:

This test was set to know if people in different bus stop willing to communicate with each other, and what meanful information can provide to each other.

Process: Participant1 in delft station bus stop, participant 2 in De hoven bus stop, there are screen is bus stops, so they can communicate with each other without see each other. As a trigger, multiple emojis were provided.

participant1 Waiting in bus stop A

participant2 Waiting in bus stop B

Screen

Screen

sent a cup of coffee to people waiting in the bus stop B

Draw a smile to people waiting in bus stop A

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Evaluate & Conclusion Using interaction vision and design goal as criteria 6

Open:

6

interesting: feel assure of waiting time:

2 5

fresh: fig.7 Evaluation for intervention

"The Emoji’s were pretty vague, they don’t really mean something" "The chat that followed was entertaining and fun, though! Not knowing who is on the other side gives you a curious and exciting feeling!"

Conclusion: People are willing to communicate with strangers without see each other, the process is interesting and excited.

However, there are not many useful information can be provided to each other.

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Test 2 What kinds of bus information is more convincing?

What if people can see their bus in driver's view?

Intend:

The idea is show people the bus they are waiting for in driver’s view in bus stop, so people can see their bus is coming, and clearly know what happened on the way.

Material:

I filmed bus 60, tram 1 and bus 64 in driver’s view, and add background music.

Procedure: 1. I put these videos in Ipad and showed these videos to people who waiting for correspnding bus in bus stop. Then ask them about the feeling and get feedback.

2. Describe participants the situation in bus stop, and show them these videos to see their reaction and feedback.

Experience: The concept is focused on let people clearly know where is their bus, and what happened on the way. Which can remove the stress when waiting. What is more, this concept also bring people boarder eyesight, so their vision would not being limited in the physical bus stop.

The interaction is mainly about people being attracted by the driver’s view, and feel fresh about Intended interaction: the changeing scenery, and confident about their waiting, so they do not have to keep looking at the bus coming direction, but feel at ease.

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Result & Reflection Using interaction vision and design goal as criteria

Participant A

Participant D

“Is this a movie? It is nice to see a movie in bus stop.”

“I normally see the scenery in one direction, it is interesting to see the scenery in the other direction.”

lady, ages about 40

young girl, ages 24

Participant B

Participant E

“It would be nice if I can see this in the bus stop in the future”

“It is interesting, but if I see the same sightseeing every day, then I think it would be boring again.”

young lady, ages about 30

Young girl, ages 23

Participant C

Participant F

“It is interesting to figure out where it is, because I didn’t see the city in this perspective before”

“The drive’s view makes me feel ease, may be it would be better if I can also see driver’s view in other cities.” young boy, ages 21

lady, ages about 50

Open:

4 6

interesting:

6

feel assure of waiting time: fresh:

5

fig.8 Using interaction vision and design goal as criteria

Reflection It is interesting to see the city in a new perspective.

According to the test result, most people show their interesting to the idea in first impression, especially the background music.

Feel more at ease with the live bus video.

Know their bus is on the way and what happened on the way make waiting people feel at ease.

It is hard to keep feel fresh for the video

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According to the test result, people show a bit of hard to keep feel fresh There are two main reasons, one is people can not do take active part in that process. The other one is some people already familiar with the whole city and can not get new insight though the driver’s view.

Emotion Mapping Let user draw the emotion changing process, with driver's view and without driver's view.

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Concept According to the result, the dirver's view got the best feedback, and can fit both the interaction vision and design goal better than the first intervention, so I decided to develop concept using dirver's view.

Let people who waiting in a bus stop see the bus they are waiting for in driver's view, so they can keep tracking the bus they are waiting for, and clearly know what happened on the way.

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Concept development Detail design, including how to show the driver's view, what kinds of information should be included in the design, and how to arrange different information layer.

What should be included in this concept?

Information layer

Driver's view

Bus stops along the way

Where is my bus What happened on the way

Predict waiting time

How long do I need to wait

To make the video different everyday According to the feedback in intervention test, it is hard to keep feel fresh about the same route video, so how to make people keep feel fresh about the video?

What if Driver's view in a random city?

Beijing

London

Rotterdam

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Medium selected An application or screen in pubic space?

How to show the driver's view?

VS MOBILE DEVICES

Show the real time video though mobile phone got the advantage that people do not have to standing in the same place, but walking around as they like with the video on their hand.

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SCREEN IN BUS STOP

The real time video should be shown in the bus top in an open way, not everyone take mobile phone with them when waiting in the bus stop, while everyone need to see the real time bus information, consequently, everyone should have the same opportunity to use the design.

private

open

download

find easily

Screen in the bus stop with mutiple surfaces Show different information in different surfaces, people use hand rotate the cube to check bus information BUS 60 driver's view ROTATE

Feedback It is interesting to play with the cube to find information, while the finding process also cause inefficiency and confusion.

6

Open:

6

Fresh: BUS 64 driver's view TRAM 1 driver's view

confident Feel at ease:

1 2

fig.9 Evaluation result form

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Flat screen in the bus stop

Flat screen

A flat set in the side of bus stop, face the bus coming direction, people can see their bus immediately when bus arrived.

6

Open: 5

Fresh: confident Feel at ease: fig.10 evaluation result form

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Bus coming direction

6 6

Feedback Using design goal and interaction qualities as criteria.

The flat screen on the side is an efficiency way to show the driver's view.

Information Layout Try different information layout

TRAM 1 15mins

BUS 60 10mins

Next stop: dehoven

Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 40mins

BUS 64 5mins Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 35mins

Next bus: 25mins

switch in turns

Show nearest bus in the middle

Show one bus line's driver's view at a time.

4:

TRAM 1 3mins Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 13mins

BUS 60

15mins

Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 35mins 5 star cafe

BUS 64

20mins

Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 55mins

Show in turns

Show three bus line's driver's view at a time.

BUS 64 15mins

BUS 60 10mins

Next stop: dehoven

Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 40mins

TRAM 1 3mins Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 35mins

Next bus: 25mins

Nearest bus switch to middle

London

TRAM 13 mins

BUS 64 15mins Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 35mins

Beijing

Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 13mins

BUS 64

20mins

Next stop: dehoven Next bus: 55mins

1122

1122

Each star stands for one bus line

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Test & Feedback Made demos for these three interfaces, and test these three demos in workshop

1

3

2

Random city

Using interaction qualities and design goal as criteria negative

positive

negative

positive

negative

Open Fresh Feel at ease Confident Interesting 1

29

2 fig.11 Evaluation for information layout

3

positive

Test & Feedback Film several driver's view in other counties and put it in at the bottom of screen, people can check it by press the "Eyepetizer" button.

After several test, I found that even it is good to see a random city, and the random city dirver's view can make people feel more fresh, but this effect didn't fit my design goal, that make people waiting in a bus stop feel at ease.

Should be more focus on the effect and make the interaction more precise. So finally this fuction was moved out.

BACK TO MY DESIGN GOAL What kinds of information can make people feel at ease?

More convincing bus information REAL TIME INFORMATION

Detail

Overview Driver's view Where it is & What happend on the way

Real time map Feel the bus is keep approaching

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Concept iteration Change layout depend on the new information layers

Driver's view The driver's view for each line will switch automatically, until people choose one.

Predict waiting time

live video

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Stops information

Real time map

Bus stops on the route

Show all lines at the same time

Rules Framework logic

1.0 Original State

Switch in turns automatically every 5 seconds

1.1 Pressed State

Back to the original state after 10 seconds

When press the tap, the video will skip to the pressed bus line, and the line will be focus in real time map.

1.2 Intellectual Staying Time Control Staying time would being adjusted automatically according to the pressed times, for instance, if most of people are choosing Tram 1, then the staying time will be longer in a certain period of time.

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Rules Framework logic

1.3 Bus stops information Bus information will keep updating over time

BUS 60 STOP A STOP B STOP C STOP D STOP E

Bus Number Passed Stops

Scoll Bar

Current Stop

STOP F STOP G STOP H

1.4 Real time map An overview of all buses route and location in a bus stop. Shown all lines at the same time.

LOCATION OF PEOPLE

You are here REST DISTANCE

BUS NUMBER CURRENT LOCATION BUS 60

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Size of screen Test screen with different size

A3 A2 A1

This screen should be visible when people just enter the bus stop

Test & Feedback Test screen with different size

DRIVING WAITING

Test & Evaluation Using program made a shrunk size demo, and test it in real situation

The 1st Test Test with guide I went to the bus stop Hovenpassge, ramdonly invite people waiting for bus to join my test, see how them react and using a questionaire to gather feedback.

4 people in the bus stop participated in my test.

"I will watch the video, there are may be something wrong with the bus, can not see from here, so I will watch the screen."

"Is this a Mobile application? Can I download this to my mobile phone, so I can check the live video whenever I want" "When I can see this in the bus stop?"

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"SEE ? It is coming !!"

Being attracted and keep tracking their bus

WHAT PEOPLE SAID "Look, the bus is moving!"

"It is surprise!"

"SEE ? It is coming !!"

"We feel exctied about this!"

"You see? we are here and the bus is there" (Point the screen and share with his wife)

The 2st & 3rd Test Test without guide I hung the screen on the side glass wall in the bus stop, and left it there to see how people react and interact with it.

12 people in the bus stop participated in my test.

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Evaluation Study How people interact with it I found people would being attracted by the screen, they look at the screen and then try to press the tab to choose the bus line they are waiting for. After that, some people keep tracking the bus though the screen, while some other people look at the screen occasionally.

Being attracted

choose bus line

Tracking the bus Check occasionally

fig. 12 The interaction process

Evaluate the interaction using interaction qualities Asking people filled in the feedback form after test, 7 people filled the form. Questionaire(see appendix) Open: Fresh: confident

6 7 6

fig.13 Evaluation for interaction qualities

Open All of the people who waiting in a bus stop have the same opportunity to see the screen. And feel eyes open with the driver's view, people who do not know each other even began to discuss about the design.

However, one problem is some people will be in front of the screen and keep looking at the video for long time, which disturbed other people in a way.

Fresh Most of people waiting in a bus stop were being attracted by this design, and curious about thing demonstrated though the screen.

Confident People perceived the real time information as a more convincing information, compared with the predict count down. So feel more confident about their waiting time, when they can keep tracking their bus and clearly know what happened on the way

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The effect of this new design Evaluate the effect using design goal

The change of behavior "I think I will not looking the bus coming direction so many times with this live show" Before

Asking people filled in the feedback form after test, 7 people filled the form. And the average score is 6 Questionaire(appendix) 6

Feel at ease After

fig.14. The frequency of looking at bus coming direction

The effect of this new design is provide people wider vision, so people do not have to keep searching the bus they are waiting for, but tracking their bus easily though this product, and clearly know where is the bus and what happened on the way, , so feel more confident and at ease about their waiting time and remove those stresses when waiting.

What's more, the other effect is remove the feeling of disappointed when looking at the bus coming direction but the bus is not coming.

Before

After

fig.15 Evaluation for design goal

Futher suggestion I got some suggestions after the concept test, but because of the limited time, I can not improved the design and test it before the end of the project, so I formulated several suggestions for the further deveploment of this design.

Some people would like to keep looking at the dirver's view, and they only want to see their bus line's view, so other bus line's views are irrelevent information for them.

What if scan QR code to project the live video into personal mobile phone?

People do not have to stay around the screen.And can only see the bus line's view they are waiting for.

BUS60 BUS64 TRAM1

BUS60

A QR code for each line on the public screen

Scan the code

watch the video though mobile phone

fig.16 Project video from screen in the bus stop to mobile phone

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Futher suggestion This design can also be applied to other kinds of public transportation system, for instance train waiting.

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Reflection Some reflection at the end of this project

Focus on one effect, make it precise Circle 2

Circle 3 Being limited

Fresh

Being limited

Fresh Changeless vision

Feel uncertain about the waiting

In-control Dull

Changeless vision

Feel uncertain about the waiting

In-control Dull

Stress ?

Stress ?

Before Fresh bus waiting experience

At the end of circle2, I still want to cover these two problems into one design goal, which made the design goal too much broad, and I am a bit of get lost for having too much different things in one goal. And it was hard to using design goal evaluate the concept.

After Connecting people waiting in a bus stop and the bus they are waiting for in a way that making people feel at ease.

At the beginning of circle 3 , I realized that I should focused on one effect, and made the effect and interaction more precise. So I try to converge the design goal, and focus on one branch in the whole problem. After that, the concept became more clear, it was not about making waiting people have fun, it was about providing more convincing bus information to make people feel at ease.

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Get use of interaction qualities in the whole exploring process.

"Interaction Vision" is a brand new term in my previous design study and work experience. I feel bit of confused about it at the beginning of the project, but after several times iteration and tutor meetings, I gradually found the beauty of IV. Using IV as inspiration. I changed my IV several times in the period, everytime I try to make it closer to my design goal, and I found it can not help me to generate creative ideas. So the last time, I let my IV walks a bit far from DG, and I found it works better.

IV just like a star, can not touch it , but always there guiding a way.

Using IV as criteria. I used my interaction qualities as criteria for all kinds of test in the exploring process, and found it was a good way to keep myself in a right direction.

Try, try, try After I did a demo for my concept, I have to test it in real situation, and see how people react, I am worried about that, becauce I do not think people in the public space would show their interesting to my design and have some positive reaction, but I have to try.

I tested my concept three times, at the first time, I am bit of shame and dare to talk with strangers, but gradually I found people waiting there are nice and willing to experience a new product, many of their feedbacks are out of my expectation. They shown great interesting to my product and even began to discuss about this new things with each other. One people shown his expectation towards my design and asked me when can he see this product in the future. An elderly women did not know that product was mine, and tried to show me her new finding,

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and explained me what the product was about, she said "See, we are here(point at the screen), the bus is coming!" . Another elderly people said he feel surprise about this new product. What's more, I also got some valuable suggestions, for instance one people said he also want to watch the driver's view on his mobile phone.

Put the prototype into real situation, let people interact with it, is the most real and effective way for designer to get feedback and know their product.

Be open Be open, I heard this term several times during this course. We already familiar with the world in a way, we tend to perceived things happened around as what it should be. For that reason, EI course is challenging, but also a good chance to learn how to be open.

During the exploring process, sometimes I thought I knew the reason behind a behavior, so I tried to interpret those behavior in my way, which made me get lost in circle 1. For instance, I found lots of people looking at the bus coming direction, so I interpret this behavior as they are impatient, and began to design for making people have fun .

But what is the real reason behind this behavior, I back to the bus stop and had a futher research, and finally found that people looking at the bus coming direction is not becauce they are impatient, but trying to find a more convincing way to get bus information.

From this course, I learnt that before we start a project, we should see ourselves as a baby, curious about everything, and be open to the domain.

Appendix 1 Collage Asking people choose those facial expressions that can stand for their emotion when waiting for bus in a bus top.

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Appendix 2 Intial ideas evaluation Using interaction qualities and design goal as criteria

People in different bus stop provide bus information each other

Using telescope to search the bus you are waiting for

Negative

Positive

Negative

People in the bus provide information for waiting people

Positive

Negative

Positive

OPEN FRESH FEEL AT EASE CONFIDENT INTERESTING

Transform the waiting time into sunrise

Negative

OPEN FRESH FEEL AT EASE CONFIDENT INTERESTING

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Positive

Negative

Positive

Driver’s view

Negative

Positive

Appendix 3 Questionnaire for concept evaluation

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