REPORT CONERSNING CONERSNING FUTURE FUTURE REPORT
A WORKBOOK FOR CONCERNING FUTURE
GOLDSMITHS, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MA DESIGN CRITICAL PRACTICE MODULE: CONCERNING FUTURE MODULE LEADER: TERENCE ROSENBERG JOSEPH POPPER STUDENT NAME: YUCHEN ZHANG STUDENT NUMBER: 33477318
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
HODGE PODGES One pound coin diagram
3
YAWN OF THE FUTURE Ideas in the begining
6
The first mini project: Tools for imaging the future
9
The second mini proejct: Aesthetic Future
12
The third proejct:
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Future Design prototype
13
Research Working Patterns Administration pattern Efficiency of operation 22
Summery of the Design
REFERENCES 2
ONE POUND COIN DIAGRAM
to get the manufacturing material? Etc. Apart from doing the research based on the pound coin itself, I also did some search on UK currency policy. Besides using coins as one of the payment ways, what are the other payments at the present and how do these payment work? Who de-
The object I chose for this project
signed the pound coin every year
is a one pound coin. I started with
and what are the symbolic meaning
making a mind map and think ex-
of it? What does Royal Mint do?
tensively about how many different
After that I did the research based
aspect I can think of with a pound
on each questions and tried to find
coin. Then I wrote a list of ques-
the relations among these questions
tions:
and researches.
Where does the pound coin come
By researching every aspect of one
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from?
single object, I understand the
What is the history of the pound
object with its own story. Then I
coin?
decide on the a few points on which
What is it used for?
the further researches can be de-
Who design the coin? How to choose
veloped.
the design? How many pound coins are made every
One of the new aspects appeared
year and who controls it?
during my studies on the coins.
How does the pound coin made?
I found anti-fake coin technics
What does pound coin made of? Where 3
Fig.1 water consumption from royal mint annul report
are not fully mature. Fake coins
non-renewable material. Though used
circulating in the UK causes a
coins are able to recycle by the
severe trouble to the government
government melting them to make new
and country. To solve this problem,
ones, it will be better if people
the UK government issued a new
can discover a new and renewable
pound coin with new anti-fake tech-
material to make coins.
nics. The reliability of this new anti-fake technics remains to be
More interesting is the findings
tested.
of the images on the coin. Curren-
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cy is a mirror of a country. As The second problem I found during
UK is a constitutional monarchy
the process of making coins is the
country, the image of the Queen
pollution produced by coin making.
reflects the institution of the
First, plenty of water are used
country. The questions based on
to cool down the metal but waste
this knowledge are:
water is not able to recycle. Thus
represent the image of a country?
coin-making costs lots of waste and
What are the viewpoints of people
polluted water every year. Next,
towards this image? I developed
Metal used for coin making is a
further about this point in another 4
How coins
optional module. I did workshops
the data I searched is a bit too
with classmates by inviting people
narrow.
on the street to draw a picture
evidence of pollution during the
or write about their ideal coin.
process of making coins and more
Based on the result of the survey,
supporting information on why we
we designed a kind of combination
should change the metal used. The
pattern on the coin. We made the
reasons for using other materials
designed coin pattern stamp with 3D
to make coins listed in my pres-
printing and let people strip their
entation are not adequate enough to
own coins by using seal waxing.
support a future development.
I should have found more
By inviting people to design their own coin and experience ‘strip’, we
I really enjoy the process of
are trying to see the distinction
doing this project. Throughout the
between the national image and the
research, I learned how to find
individual image. This experiment
questions, do secondary research,
can also be viewed
find more related issues and then
as a posture of
giving the power of discourse back
to develop what I found. I think
to every single citizens.
it helps me to see how a designer
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proceeds his design by seeing more Finally, the outcome for this
and think deeper. This process of
project is a poster based on my
critical thinking provides many
findings.
possibilities for my further career
What I need to do more
is to make more specific divisions
as a designer.
in the research and make it more visualised. A presentation based on one of the concerns was made. It focuses on how to find an alternative material for coin-making, but 5
IDEAS IN THE BEGINNING
This project was a combination of
that they are willing to sacrifice
3 small projects. I teamed up with
their role of being a mom or wife
Randall because we have similar
and in some countries for example
backgrounds and agreed with several
in Norway, the population has been
ideas in the beginning. We started
decreased for several years and
with
the government encourages fami-
3 ideas in the beginning.
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Fig.2 Movie Passenger
Firstly, in the future, there maybe
lies to have more babies. What the
a facility manufacture humans and
future will be if people do not
raise babies until they grow up.
have control of giving birth to
The parents do not have to spend
next generation but government take
time to take care of them. Giving
fully controls of it?
birth to a baby become a manufacturing process. We imagine that a
The second idea is to think about
room has
what plastic surgery will be like
lots of cocoons like in
the movie ‘Passenger’. The reason
in the future. Plastic surgery
we come up with this idea is that
has already become a mature prac-
women values their careers so much
tice. Lots of people are working 6
for plastic surgery and lots of
Thus many new ethical problems and
people have reviewed or plan to the
disputes will arise thereafter.
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plastic surgery. In Asian countries, such as Japan, Korea and
The third idea is about the future
China, many women choose to take
workplace. Both of us had some
plastic surgeries including making
experiences working in the office
double eyelid, getting higher
as designers. The development of
nose, jaw tapered etc. Asian women
technics really provides lots of
also like to have bright and fair
benefits in working, especially for
skin. Probably during the past
designers. For example Apple de-
decades, western countries and US
veloped a serial of devices: iMac,
had strong power in the world and
iPad, Apple pen and many other
lots of people in Asia regarded a
customised personal devices. They
western looking face as superior.
also designed lots of great apps to
Another example is that, in Thai-
help designers and artists to do
land, even transgender is no longer
a better job. Bringing more com-
a big surgery anymore. Given all
forts to workplace is also a part
the above factors, we speculate a
of our considerations. And because
future in which people can changer
of these, nowadays more and more
their ethnics, namely, an Asian
people work not only in the office,
can transfer into an Anglo-Saxon
using phones to replay work emails
or vice versa. The changes do not
and make calls for the business
only occurs on the face but also in
partner everywhere and every time;
structure of the body or the colour
They can choose to do some extra
of the skin. If that happens, at
works at home. The boundary between
that time, the colour of the skin
work and life has become blurry
will no longer be the demarcation
and working at a certain place has
to distinguish the different races.
become less important. Is working 7
at home a better and more efficient way compared to work at office? If not, what kind of working environment is the best? In addition, there are several troubles caused by working at office, such as peak time and the high pressure to the city traffic. As designers, we certainly have more preference on creating and working in a perfectly well-deigned workplace. What technics and new ideas can we bring in designing the future workplace? Such speculation really brings immense imagination and possibilities to us. Our team has have more motivations
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in doing the future workplace because we both have the same expectations for our working place in the future.This idea is closer to our life. More significant, the combination of design and technics are always fascinating and attractive.
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TOOLS FOR IMAGING THE FUTURE
We didn’t have a clear idea of how
someone is about to take a job,
this tool will be like in the be-
there are several factors to be
ginning. We started with a broad
considered. For example, how long
research just as we did in the
does it take him to go to work from
first project. We predict that
home? Is there any place to have
there should be a kind of general
lunch or a quick bite in the neigh-
office that can be adapted to
bourhood of the office? What does
different kinds of indoor works
the working place looks like?
since todays technics, such as
individual privacy be well-protect-
tele-transmission has already
ed in a large open-plan office?
Can
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provide an possibility for people working at home. We researched
During the first tutorial on this
such issues: how many advantages
project, Terry reminded us that
can working at home have? what are
there are actually lots of types of
they? what are the advantages of
works in which the working place
working in the office comparing
will decide the successful perfor-
with working in the at home? What
mance of the work. For example,
are the benefits for the individu-
the stock investors have to work
als working at home? And so on. But
near the major server to guaran-
the communicative technology has
tee a simultaneous operation. The
its limitation and is not advanced
transmission speed of the data
enough to replicate face-to-face
is determined by the distance. We
office interactions. Besides, there
then studied a file entitled OCCU-
are some other factors which in-
PATION CLASS GUIDE. It categorises
fluence the working style. One of
all types of works in the UK and
these is how the environment affect
divides them in to several sec-
the efficiency of the work and to
tions. I made a scan-reading on all
what extent it affects work. When
type of works and focused on the 9
indoor works. I started to narrow
these factors affect each other.
down my work. Firstly, I made a
This three-dimension diagram is il-
list of indoor works; then I ex-
lustrated like a chorography. Then
cluded the work that are limited by
we combined the diagram with the
the distance and working places.
categories indoor works in a poster
In this way, the works I listed
which is used to illustrate our
can fit definition of the general
prediction on the future working
indoor works. Finally, our group
styles.
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divided this indoor work list into 6 sections: there are business,
This poster shows the various of
art and entertainment, science and
concerns of working people. It vis-
technology, services, government,
ualises all the cost of a chosen
society and education. The process
job: transportation, lunch outside,
of narrowing down our studies and
commuting time, etc. It emphasis-
deciding the focus of the research
es the necessity of reducing the
for this design project is like
working cost and the alternative
putting all the materials into
work styles of the working at home
a filter or putting them under a
or in community. The reflection
lens. We gathered all the infor-
of viewing this poster is the
mation we probably need and then
change of future working style. The
select the important ones to fit in
company can be treated as an open
our final design work. The other
network as well as a working place.
side of the coin is the human
The work style is decided by the
factors. Our research on the human
characteristics of the work.
factors is to design a three-dimen-
work must be done in an office
sion diagram. It includes the pos-
because its efficiency is directly
sible factors that a person need to
affected by the distance and the
consider before taking a job, how
working place. Some work can be 10
Some
done at home separately. Working
of work, the nature of meeting, and
at home will reduce the pressure
the specialty of some works.
brought by the human relations,
We realise the limitation and try
cut down the cost of money and
our best to improve this project
time, improve the efficiency of
before the third project so that it
time management, and greatly reduce
will not be a failed project.
the cost of running a company. The changes in the working style will bring more far-reaching effects. It can release more urban space, decrease the emerging of skyscrapers, reduce traffic jam, bring greater productivity, improve staff retention and solve the employment problem in the long run. Further Predictions
REPORT CONERSNING CONERSNING FUTURE FUTURE REPORT
As the boundary between work and life has become blurred by the changing of working style, the future office will have to meet the increasing need on a more personalised working environment. After the presentation of this project, we’ve got many feedbacks. We were asked to take more factors into consideration, e.g. the nature 11
AESTHETIC FUTURE
We have been driven too far by the
intelligent office hardwares. We
incredible technologies. In our
think these worldly famous films
point, the develop of the technic
and world-leading companies gave a
is not predictable and all of our
direction to what future technics
imaginations will come true one
for work will be. Due to there are
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Fig.3 Movie Iron Man
day. By doing the research, some
actually tons of these resources
films and TV series especially
online, we tried to created a time-
those which telling the stories
line based story to pick and cut
in the future, use highly func-
the videos we need and made the one
tional tools to work for them.
we showed on the presentation.
For example, Iron Man in the film
In consider of the topic of the
interact with a Holographic technic
last project, we should actually
to do his work. Also companies like
focus more on the whole working
Microsoft once produced a video to
system not the technique.
describe what the future workplace will be with the highly 12
REPORT CONERSNING CONERSNING FUTURE FUTURE REPORT
FUTURE DESIGN PROTOTYPE
For this project, our team first examined projects we did in the past and agreed that we could make some further explorations based on the second project about future office. We want to know how far this project can be pushed forward. 13
Research Questions
be viewed as a model of original modern office building. Then there
By analysing the relationship
appeared the cubical concept, the
between individuality and collec-
prevalence of open-plan office,
tivity in the spatial structure, we
the latest Google and Facebook
propose to discover people’s pref-
Building. Over one hundred years,
erence between these alternatives:
the concept of office space has
whether they need an entirely per-
developed from “office landscape”
sonalised free space or they prefer
to the unit style, flexible and
the shared atmosphere of the public
freestyle, SOHO style and the In-
space so that they can experience a
ternet-based remote office style.
sense of a social being in a commu-
Respectively, the modes of office
nity.
space reflect the various needs of working office, such as the super-
Research
vision and management-based average
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office within a huge space, the HiThe earliest concept of the per-
erarchical management-based complex
sonal office space can be found
office space, the privacy-oriented
a UK government report on office
village prototype and city proto-
space layouts in 1856, which points
type office building and the free
out the necessity of the personal
and comfort natural office space.
space in office work. “…for the
The alternative of the office space
intellectual work, separate rooms
is closely associated with the work
are necessary so that a person who
modes, management style, efficiency
works with his head may not be in-
of operation, and psychological and
terrupted.” In 1903, Frank Lloyd
social need of the individuals.
Wright designed the famous Larkin Administration Building, which can 14
Working Patterns As the concept of knowledge production transfers from material production to immaterial production, the fixed space of the production-based centralised workplace is necessarily replaced by the personalised workplace. In 1969, an inflatable mobile office was designed by an Austrian designer Hans Hollein. He designed a mobile office by using transparency plastic. This mobile office could be placed in any indoor or outdoor places. The intention of the project is to create a completely private and personal work space using electro-communication
REPORT CONERSNING CONERSNING FUTURE FUTURE REPORT
to connect with outside world. More significantly, the transparency of the office homogenised the physical features of “in” and “out”. This radical thinking predicts the developing tendency of workplace brought by the immaterial production. In the meantime, the development of network also speeds up this tendency.
Fig.4 Hans Hollein, Mobiles Büro
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How design reflect our idea Based on the concept of a customised working space, we start with one single standpoint, that is, the user can create his own office. Within each office room, the walls ground, and the desk surface are electronic screens. The user can customise each screen to suffice his own needs, using a wall as a window to view natural scenery or cityscape, another as a communication interface, or working really hard in a classic look office room, etc.
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Sleep Mode When no one is in
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Street view mode with wooden floor
A classic working enviorment with carpet
Mirror walls with marble floor
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Administration pattern The maximum of individual demands brings about the update of the management pattern to guarantee the quality of work. Accordingly, the administrators’ power will be reinforced. A case in point is the Panopticon designed by Jeremy Bentham, which provides a mode of pan-supervision. Foucault saw it as the prototype of modern supervision pattern. This new supervision pattern reflects the combination of power and knowledge and give inspiration to various kinds of modern
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administration modes.
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How design reflect our idea Inspired by this pattern, we put administration room in the shape of a 3x3x3 rubic cube, in which the administrator’s room is located in the centre of the cube. This room is the same as aother single rooms. This design can enable the supervisor to supervise and have access to the employees in any direction. This administration mode can increase the management efficiency and economise the management resources while at the same time, increase the self-consciousness of the employees. 19
Efficiency of operation
work and slower people who generate high-quality work. The two types of
One of the negative effect of the
people have a spillover effect on
open-plan office is the lack of
each other, but only in a positive
sounds privacy in the office. David
way. The productive people made the
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Fig.5 Microsoft: Productivity Future Vision
Burkus, a columnist for Forbes,
slow people faster, without compro-
once stated that:“ A lack of sound
mising quality. And the high-qual-
privacy received the most negative
ity producers similarly rubbed off
responses from employees in open
on the high-speed workers.
offices. In addition, between 25 and 30% of employees in open-plan
How design reflect our idea
offices were dissatisfied with the level of noise in their work-
To solve the lack of sound privacy,
place.” Also, the HBS research
we design a single office room with
identified two types of people:
high-quality insulating walls.
high-productivity employees who
Also, based on the spillover effect
generally produce lower-quality
in HBS research, the productive 20
people made the slow people faster. Each wall of the office room can be lifted like a roller shutter. In this way, two single office room can become a larger office room for two. Similarly, more single rooms can be combine to make a larger office room for more workers. Next, to meet the psychological and social needs of the individuals, we design a highly customised working space. As it is mentioned above, within each office room, the walls and the panels of the desk are electronic screens. The user can customise each screen to operate his work or to suffice his aesthet-
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ic needs.
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SUMMARY OF THE DESIGN
The idea and the practice of a
architectural design. The value of
highly-individualized free work
the work place is determined by the
place received more questions and
public, urban and social features
negative responses. Thus bring
of the share space as well as the
about the return of the public
individual need for free space.
space in the work place and need for a multiple function office
How it related to the Museum
building. Our ideas intends to
of Not Yet
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express a certain balance between individual space and public space
The outcome of our design is a 3D
and the idea of a sustainable de-
model and it will be displayed in
velopment of the work place. A
the museum with the explanation to
perfect free individual space will
this the office model in a working
break the balanced relationship of
system. Our project is a reflec-
the individual and collectives.
tion of the contemporary working
When the balance is lost, the free
system with a focus on the balance
individual space cannot exist. We
between individuality and collec-
does not start with the prediction
tivity. What is a healthy working
of the future development of the
environment? How to provide a sus-
work space from the architectur-
tainable developing model? We hope
al perspective is that the design
out design can provide an awareness
of the architecture structure is
among the public and let people
decides by the need of the people.
realize the significance of a
Out supposition is based on the
healthy balance between individual
relationship between the individ-
space and public space.
ual and the collectives in a work place. It is rather an expression of such relations than a specific 22
REFERENCE
Image List Fig.1 Royal Mint Trading Fund Annual Report and Accounts 2014-15 Fig.2 Movie Passenger Screenshot, 2017, [online] Aviliable at:< https://www.notchbad.com/random/passengers-movie-got-us-thinking/ > Fig.3 Movie Iron Man Screenshot, 2017, [online] Aviliable at:<http://sociable.co/technology/virtual-augmented-reality-the-next-gold-rush-of-tech-industry/> Fig.4 Hollein,H, Mobiles Büro, 2017, [online] Aviliable at:<https:// uk.pinterest.com/pin/319755642267151143/> Fig.5 Microsoft: Productivity Future Vision. 2017. [online]Abiliable
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at:<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-tFdreZB94>
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Ábalos, I, 2005. Tower and Office: From Modernist Theory to Contemporary Practice (MIT Press). New Ed. The MIT Press. Bloomberg.com. 2017. The Ideal Office Floor Plan, According to Science - Bloomberg. [online] Available at:<https://www.bloomberg. com/news/articles/2016-08-01/the-ideal-office-floor-plan-accordingto-science>. [Accessed 01 April 2017]. Bryan Borzykowski. 2017. BBC - Capital - Why open offices are bad for us. [online] Available at:<http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20170105-open-offices-are-damaging-our-memories>. [Accessed 01 April 2017]. business.com. 2017. How Open Office Plans Affect Workplace Productivity. [online] Available at:<https://www.business.com/articles/ dan-scalco-workplace-productivity/.> [Accessed 02 April 2017]. forbes.com. 2017. Why Your Open Office Workspace Doesn’t Work [online] Available at <https://www.forbes.com/sites/ davidburkus/2016/06/21/why-your-open-office-workspace-doesntwork/#69c243f5435f> [Accessed 01 April 2017].
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Fortune.com. 2017. The Open-Office Concept Is Dead. [online] Available at:<http://fortune.com/2016/05/12/the-open-office-concept-isdead/> [Accessed 01 April 2017]. Foucault, M, 1991. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Penguin Social Sciences). Penguin Books Ltd. George Musser. 2017. The Origin of Cubicles and the Open-Plan Office - Scientific American. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-origin-of-cubicles-an/. [Accessed 01 June 2017]. Marketplace from APM. 2017. The rise of the open-plan office. [online] Available at: https://www.marketplace.org/2015/04/01/business/rise-open-plan-office. [Accessed 02 April 2017].
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Tapscott, D, 1985. Office Automation : A User-Driven Method (Applications). 1. Springer. www.wired.com. 2017. Evolution of Office Spaces Reflects Changing Attitudes Toward Work. [online] Available at:<https://www.wired. com/2009/03/pl-design-5/>. [Accessed 02 April 2017].
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OCCUPATION CLASS GUIDE. 2017. Pdf. Avaliable at:<http://www.legalandgeneral.com/library/underwriting/underwriting-form/W7557.pdf>
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