A Landscape For Learning And Conserving
Site: Cairngorms National Park, Scotland, UK
Jan 2022 - Aug 2022
WINSPIT'S NOMADIC NURSERY
Lowland Calcareous Grasslands Restoration
Site: Winspit Quarry, Dorset, UK
Jan 2023 - Aug 2023
PET PARK UNDER THE VIADUCT
Site: Guiyang, China
Jun 2020 - Sep 2020
Site: Cairngorms National Park, Scotland, UK Jan 2022 - Aug 2022
In the early Scottish Highlands, the cyclical use of peat bred a culture that was closely linked to the land. Peatlands provided fuel, arable land, and habitat for the communities that lived in the Highlands. Peat cutting is a historical way in which people have tried to translate the gigantic land into micro use.
Today, with peatlands being degraded, we are facing the conflict between emotional attachment to turf burning and climate improvement. The Peatland is a unique type of wetland that produces peat through the partial decomposition of plants. Peatlands not only sequester carbon in the atmosphere but also support a wide variety of plant and animal species. The restoration of peatlands can be a significant method of improving local ecology.
Through the landscape interventions of a peatland in the heart of the Cairngorm National Park, the project seeks to promote public access and interactive education without destroying the peatland. It responds to the historical engagement with peatland, choreographing the relationship between peat, moss, water, senses, and traditions. The public can experience how the peatland changes in different seasons and weather, reconnecting the emotional connection between the public and the peatland.
In the past, dried peat was an important source of energy. The peat-cutting process involves removing the turf, cutting it with tools, and then piling it up to dry. (Outer Hebrides Tourism, 2020)
In the early Scottish Highlands, the cyclical use of peat bred a culture that was closely linked to the land. However, with the development of other sources of energy and transport, this tradition is disappearing in the Highlands.
Cutting the soft peat into slices with a tool called “tairsgear” and laying on the ground.
Building them into little triangular-shaped
Building them into little triangular-shaped tee-pees, allowing air gaps between each peat to let the wind pass through to begin the drying or curing process.
Peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store.
Peat forms very slowly, about 1mm of peat a year. Peat actually creates an anaerobic environment, in the sense that it preserves much ecological information and history. The different depths of the peat layers allow the dates and changes in the environment to be measured, as well as recording the remains of the plants and insects that lived there. (Gearey et al., 2010)
Peat accumulates under wet, anoxic, highly acidic, and nutrient-poor conditions. Indeed, with its anaerobic environment, the peat preserves much ecological information and history.
Soil builds up a very thick organic layer composed of partially decomposed litter.
Carpet
Young, Partially Decomposed Peat (Large, Recognizable Fibers+Plant Matter)
Medium-Term Decomposition
Oldest Peat Layer (Finer Structure Of Fibers+Recongnizable Plant Matters)
SHALLOW OPEN WATER
Decomposing algae and mooses initiate peat formation at the edges of shallow open water.
EDGE ACCUMULATION
This decomposing matter provides a substrate for larger plants like grasses, sedges, and rushes to take hold.
Accumulated peat eventually begins to become domed at the deepest areas.
It is generally found over acidic bedrock in places where rainfall exceeds the loss of water through evaporation and plant transpiration.
Such conditions favour the growth of bog-mosses and cottongrasses, which do not break down when they die but slowly accumulate as peat.
Living Sphagnum Moss
Of Dead Sphagnum Moss
RAISED BOG
Layers of peat create a barrier between the bog vegetation and the groundwater and the bog becomes increasingly acidic and low in nutrients.
A. RAISED BOG
Some conventional approaches to peatland restoration have been developed today, water management is one of the most fundamental and critical aspects of this approach.
There are restrictions and site-specific approaches based on topographical and ecological conditions, so as to avoid disturbing the environment and enhance health.
Use all other previously excavated vegetation to cover bare peat.
“HYDROLOGY” “REPROFILING" 1 2 3
The first step in the process of peatland restoration is to improve the site’s natural water balance. This generally involves reducing drainage rates by blocking channels with ‘leaky dams’ made from peat, heather bales, stone or wood.
Erosion of peat often creates steep slopes where vegetation struggles to take hold. The process of reprofiling involves peeling back the vegetation at the top of the slope with a digger, then reducing the slope angle to less than 45 degrees.
Restoration works Detectable changes in water quality, water table depth and peat stabilization by vegetation
A
Across bare peat and mineral soil, heather bale is installed bunds to reduce erosion from water flow and wind.
Wet tolerant vegetation becoming dominant Good hydrological and ecological functionality possible
Bare peat oxidises, creating extremely acidic conditions, so the lime and fertilizer are applied to create better growing conditions for the seed.
Then the land is covered with a mix of grass and heather seed to create a micro-climate for the seeds to germinate.
Each tiny bead contains several small strands of moss. The gel helps to weigh down the moss and aid application on the moors.
Stone Dam Timber Dam Peat Dam"
The Cairngorm National Park is a national park in Scotland, where peat is found in much of the National Park, particularly on the high ground.
The acidic bedrock of the park with its low evaporation provides the base conditions for widespread peat formation, especially blanket bogs.
In the Cairngorms National Park, summers are cool; winters are long, cold, snowy, and windy. The climatic and geological conditions of the park are favorable for peat formation.
The project seeks to promote public access to conserved peatlands and experience the tradition of peat without destroying them.
Translating the hidden natural process of peatland and choreographing the relationship between peat, mosses, water, senses, and tradition. Through the landscape interventions, visitors experience how the peatland changes in different areas of the bog in different seasons and weather.
Through the landscape interventions of a peatland, the project seeks to promote public access and interactive education without destroying the peatland. My design consists of 6 zones, responding to the historical engagement with peatland, and remanaging the relationship between peat, moss, water, senses, and traditions.
Grounded begins the project by stepping underground to reveal the presence and meaning of the peat hidden beneath the surface turf, organized by a number of ramps and passages embedded in the ground.
The walls of the passages use peat-cutting traces as texture. The layers, texture, and smell of the peat are perceptible, revealing the wildness and history of the peat.
As the ramp goes below ground, we can see the peat hidden beneath the top sedge layer of the bog.
We walk through a layer of peat and touch the real material.
The experience of walking through a foggy bog is unique, with soaked boots.
The heathland is a space shaped by time. Through three periodic cuts of heather, rich vertical layers are shaped by the undulations of the terrain.
Visitors zigzag through the heather fields via walking paths, experiencing the seasonal management of heather.
Controlling heather growth through three cycles of heather cutting, which can shape the layers of heather at different times, heights and forms.
PIONEER 3-6 years
BUILDING Up to 15 or 20 years
MATURE Over 20 years.
DEGENERATE Over 25 years
Cutting the heather not only prolongs the life of the heather and relieves the drying out of the peat, but also creates an environment conducive to the survival of species such as grouse.
The raised circular path allows visitors to observe the staff at work in the nursery, transforming the session into a performance. Native mosses species are used for cultivation and the harvested mosses are used for revegetation within the site.
The traditional method of peat cutting is converted into a process of building a walking path in which visitors can participate. Peat from the site is used for burning, giving people the opportunity to still experience the peat burning tradition in a protected peatland, evoking a slowly dying history.
The burning site, partially wrapped by the topography, emphasizes the strong connection of our historical fuel to the land.
The traditional way of cutting peat becomes a process in which visitors are involved in shaping the landscape and the trail is changed over time by this approach.
The sunken square resembles a crack in the peat, and people are guided into the sunken area with a ramp. The benches are embedded in the slope, providing a theater-like viewing atmosphere and a resting area. People can gather, educate, and do other activities in this flexible public space.
The seat rises up the slope to provide an interactive experience with the peatland.
Site: Winspit Quarry, Dorset, UK Jan 2023 - Aug 2023
In the last centuries, with the escalated effects of humanity in manipulating wild areas, the collective vision for urban construction permanently alters the natural environment in which it is excavated. The historical and present quarrying reveals the exploitation, codependency, and power dynamic between humans and nature. Under competing uses and shrinking land in Dorset, these abandoned quarries seem to be an opportunity for decreasing lowland calcareous grasslands, reversing the historical loss of this vital habitat.
The project proposes transforming Winspit Quarry into a nursery to redescribe, utilize, and stabilize past industrial scarring, acting as an anchor to expand habitats in Dorset. This nursery facilitates the missing ecological interactions and provides a mediate across the complex geological and material transformation of the post-industrial ruins. It develops a strategy to promote a return to local material and habitat cycles, converting the migration process of stone and seed dispersal to habitat recolonization. Tangible and intangible resources of light, wind, vegetation, agriculture, land, material, labour, and biodiversity are remanaged in this project. The production of this semi-nature habitat patches the ecological gaps, progresses from the old wild to the new, and manages other wildlife and ecosystems at large.
Winspit Quarry is an abandoned quarry on the cliffs on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, England.
The Dorset area where Winspit Quarry sits was once home to hundreds of quarries during the eighteenth century, most of which are now abandoned.
From the 18th century, quarrying and agricultural activities continued to cause habitat loss, especially lowland calcareous grasslands.
PathtoSeacombeCliff
In Winspit, large cliffside quarries have been opened on both sides of the valley. Historic farming and quarrying activities have created many unique landscape heritages.
SEMI-NATURAL HABITATS: Lowland Calcareous Grassland
Why Do We Support Grasslands Instead Of Woodland?
CO2
CARBON OFF-SETTING
PathfromWorthMatravers
POLLINATION
MAINTAIN SPECIES DIVERSITY
Grassland
Lowland Calcareous Grassland
SUBSTRATE (thin, well-drained lime-rich soils) CLIMATE (cooler, moister)
SCRUB ENCROACHMENT HABITAT FRAGMENTATION
In Dorset, over 97% Lowland Calcareous Grassland was lost between 1793 and 1983.
FORMATION DEGRADATION
LOWLAND CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND
INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE GRASSLAND ABANDONMENT LANDUSE CHANGE
GRAZING Mechanical Production Chemical Inputs Re-Seeding Quarrying Agriculture
TODAY
Distribution Of Lowland Calcareous Grass In England
GEOLOGY: Lime-Rich Substrate & Natural Succession
Portland Stone can provide a lime-rich substrate for the creation of calcareous grasslands.
Sunpath & Shade Area
Years of mining have reshaped landforms and topography. The rich microtopography also brings about changes in microclimate, with light trails and shadow ranges producing variations throughout the year.
Some pioneer plants already grow on the bare surface through natural succession, which means biological communities can recover by themselves without anthropogenic disturbance. However, it requires 50-100 years to restore the abandoned quarries to a stable state. (Tang and Shen, 2013)
Historic quarrying activities have left many traces and have permanently altered the landscape of the site.
The data and microclimate zones will inform subsequent restoration and intervention methods to create a stable growing environment for plants.
STRATEGY
In 2022, The National Trust purchased this area with the aim of returning the farm fields to wildlife-friendly grassland and creating a continuous wildlife corridor.
The ownership change of this area seems to be a new opportunity to negotiate the ecology, the local community, and the visitors.
Climate
Sunlight & Shade
Wind
Soil moisture storage
Landform
Moving unstable rock
Constructing microterrain
Growth Blocks
Soil
Vegetation
This project proposes transforming Winspit quarry into a nursery for lowland calcareous grasslands restoration. It develops a strategy to promote a return to local material and the creation of a new habitat cycle including nursery establishment, grow blocks migration, wind dispersal, and habitat creation and management.
Tangible and intangible resources such as light, wind, material, labour, and biodiversity are remanaged in this cycle.
Maintaining high species richness
Scrub and other aggressive species management
(Keep the sward shorter than 10 cm)
Grassland establishment typically takes 3 to 5 years. (Ashwood, 2015)
Cutting
Carbonate
Adjusting mineral substrate
-Calcareous mineral wastes
-Weathered industrial wastes
-Require nutrient addition
Material transformation
The patches create gaps for new plants to establish and then microhabitats linked into a whole.
Seed Bank: Local Source
-Wildflowers
-Grasses
Cultivation Strategy
-Turf inoculants
-Natural colonisation
-Green-hay strewing
-Seeding
Surrounding National Trust Land
National Trust member, visitor - Wider range
Light grazing
Aviod seed predators
Working with local farming communities & visitors
GROW BLOCKS MIGRATION WIND DISPERAL
Mature Nursery Become a new seed bank for wider area.
Organic matter Seed Mix
Flowering Time
Dispersal Time
Spring (Mar., Apr., May.) Summer (Jun., Jul., Aug.) Autumn (Sep., Oct. Nov.) Winter (Dec., Jan.,Feb.)
Sea Campion (Silene uniflora)
Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris)
Sea aster (Tripolium pannonicum)
Thrift (Armeria maritima)
Yellow-rattle (Rhinanthus minor)
Procumbent Pearlwort (Sigina procumbens L.)
Douglas iris iris douglasiana） (Hyacinthoides non-scripta)
Rock rose (Helianthemum Collection)
Flowering Seed Ripening Division & Planting Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
Rock samphire (Crithmum maritimum)
Rock stonecrop (Sedum reflexum)
Source: Ashwood, F.
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium )
Kidney Vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria)
Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
Bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
Rough Hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)
As the grasslands dispersal depending on animals and wind through seeds, there is a seasonal cycle for Seed collection and sowing, which brings seasonal experiences for visitors.
Sea Carrot (Daucus carota subsp
Golden Samphire (limbarda crithmoides (l.) dumort)
Carlina (carline thistle)
Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra) (Medicago lupulina)
Brassica montana Brassica montana）
Cynosurus cristatus (Cynosurus cristatus)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)
Sheep’s-fescue (Festuca ovina)
Yellow Oat-grass (Trisetum flavescens)
Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass (Poa angustifolia)
Sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
The range of long-distance seed dispersal by wind is 80m, the key factors promoting the spread distance are:
Weed Speed
C. Seed Accumulation
Plants that depend on wind dispersal become an anchor point once they have settled, spontaneously expanding to the periphery. In this project, Wind dispersal will be the main method for wider habitat creation on the National Trust land.
The mean angle of dispersal is closely related to the prevailing wind direction. Moreover, the extent of wind dispersal of seeds is related to species characteristics, wind speed, and height of dispersal.
Adjusting wind dispersal efficiencythrough the intervention of landform, material and vegetation. Gentle
The habitat can be continually expanded through wind dispersal, but this is dependent on long-term management. The establishment of an anchor point consists of a pre-preparation, a growth period, and a management period, with different environmental measures being taken at each stage to help establish the microhabitat.
Short-term intensive grazing 3 Years
Seed mixes can be sown in spring (Mar./ Apr.) or Autumn (Sep./ Oct.)
6 Weeks for allowing the soil to settle
During the dry season of autumn and winter, there are strong winds. Use 0.5 cattle or 2.5 sheep ha-1 yr-1 (Ashwood, 2015)
SITE
Winspit Quarry, Dorset, UK
AIMS
Re-Introduce Native Lowland Calcareous Grasslands
AMBITIONS
- New form of economy
- Reversing the trend of persistent habitat losses
- A medium of ecological, historical, and material transformation of the post-industrial ruins
WHO IS IT FOR Locals Visitors National Trust
The historical quarrying process in the quarry will be transformed into a restoration process. It will be an experiential journey for visitors, including stone cutting, growth block processing, and transplanting. By capitalizing on the natural features of the site, the project will create different planting areas and biotopes to support wider habitat creation.
Since calcareous grasslands do not require high moisture. A main channel will run through the site, using the existing caves to reduce evaporation. In this way, the irrigation system including traditional methods and caves is conducive to water saving and weed reduction.
Gentle terrain & stable microclimate
Grass
Seeds can be transported outside of animals or ingestion by animals.
Phase1: Sowing seed mixtures
A mixture of wildflower and grass seeds are sown at the same time. The species planted tend to be reproduce asexually and animaldispersal.
Vertical Garden
Wildflower
Phase2: Light grazing management Phase3: Transplanting
Long-term management through grazing is essential for maintaining this semi-natural Habitats.(Ashwood, 2015) And the cattles and sheeps will also serve as seed dispersal agents.
Wildflower Grass
Grazing and human activity will carry seeds over greater distances. In addition, the seeding stone will capture some seeds for dispersal.
Steep terrain & stable microclimate
Phase1: Sowing seed mixtures of Wildflower & Grass
Planting species that depend on wind for seed dispersal in the area.
Rocky Nursery & Platform Zone
Phase2: Mowing management
The steep and complex terrain is not suitable for grazing management. Mowing may be suitable for small sites and those on gentle slopes (Ashwood, 2015).
Phase3: Transplanting
Vertical Garden's planting height enhances the wind dispersal of seeds. In addition, the seeding stone will be placed to capture some seeds for transplant.
Windy microclimate
Phase1: Sowing seed mixtures of Annual Nurse Grass & native wild flowers
Annual Nurse Grass can provide rapid initial cover, and its vigor will declines with time, allowing wildflower species sown. (Mitchley et al., 1996)
Phase2: Mowing management Phase3: Transplanting
After mowing, cuttings should be removed from the site. (Ashwood, 2015) The height of sward should kept at 10cm.
The mature stone column and cutted sward with seeds can be used for transplanting on other sites.
Lolium perenne
In the Stratum zone, the project organizes a route to the geological layers and disused caves which reveals different quarrying techniques and various types of stone and geological properties. Therefore, the movement of visitors forms a process of perception and constructs a space outlining geological information and historical traces, crossing the deep time of nature.
A walkway was built in the quarry face to extend the accessibility of different heights of caves. Moreover, the magnificent rock face and cave scenery will be reflected in the water, promoting a visual experience and ambience.
The Winspit Quarry is an area of significance in terms of geology, flora, and fauna. The reconnection of caves and platforms with varying elevations offers people all-round perspectives to enjoy the scenery and reveal the entanglement between historical quarrying activity and habitat.
The main irrigation channel takes the visitors into the zone, forming a circuit connecting the main points. The gentle channel winds through the bare Portland stone ground to the disused cave which is transformed into a pool for irrigation.
The Planting Field is divided by four passages embedded in the ground, where the light conditions affect the planting types. The passages are designed based on the light-shadow boundaries at various seasonal and daily times. The sunlight will move between different passages. The different angles of light and height of views intertwine to form a series of sensory sequences.
The water is released slowly and continuously into the soil due to the porous walls of the clay(dry soil has a greater capacity to absorb water). In this way, the evaporation is reduced and weeds germinate less easily because the topsoil remains dry.
Dew ponds were created to provide drinking water for livestock. They are used in areas where a natural supply of surface water may not be readily available. The most of water comes from rainfall, a little from condensing dew.
Stone sett
Puddled clay
Lime ash
Boulders Gravel
Concrete haunching Concrete pad
10-20M
Species of calcareous grassland require good drainage and unfertile soil. The waste rock and sand from the quarry will be reused as part of the planting substrate, which would not bring unknown seeds and rebuild native vegetation communities.
100% Stone
30% Soil+70% Stone
70% Soil+30% Grit
Crushed Waste Stone
Portland Stone
Drainage
Step 1: Excavate the dish shape Step 3: Pave with stone sett Step 4: Filled with Water Step 2: Line with lime ash and puddled clayThe project will clear an area that is cluttered with quarrying waste stone, and replace it with a stone terrace for planting. The sunlight reflection will be promoted by the polished rock face, creating a suitable microclimate.
Light Reflectance Value (lrv) of Portland Stone: 78.48%
Sunlight Angle in June
LIGHT
The polished stone surface enhances the refractive effect. By adjusting the angle of the cliff, the refraction of the light can enhance the light in the shadows, promoting the growth of plants in the planting areas.
Column Matrix
The matrix consists of columns, each of which is enclosed by Portland stone. It will attenuate wind speeds, promoting plant settlement and growth.
Species of calcareous grassland require good drainage and unfertile soil. The waste rock and sand from the quarry will be reused as part of the planting substrate, which will not bring unknown seeds and rebuild native vegetation communities. In addition, annual Nurse Grass can provide rapid initial cover, and its vigor will decline with time, allowing wildflower species to be sown. (Mitchley et al., 1996)
In time, as the biome builds, the columns tilt with the wind and become the track and anchor point for the wind dispersal of seeds.
Compacted
Elevated planting height will promote the wind spread of seeds. As a natural retaining struct, it generates slopes and platforms for planting, allowing accessibility and management. Rope
Stone Column
Portland Stone Block
Portland Stone Planting Substrate
Stones are laid against each other to form a column. with the wind bringing seeds to the surface and holes, plants are grown in crevices and holes drilled in the stones.
In the Debris Garden, the project converts the remnant of the plant where Portland Stone was processed into workshops and shop spaces of seeds and species of calcareous grasslands.
The debris area will be transformed into a species archive where visitors will observe the rich variety of individual species that make up the calcareous grassland.
7-10Φ Gravel
Sub base granular material Drainage pipe
100% Stone 30% Soil+70% Stone 70% Soil+30% Grit Gravel
Site: Guiyang, China
Jun 2020 - Sep 2020
People lack disposable public spaces in cities with ever-increasing density. Meanwhile, as the city develops, more pets start living in the city. Since people and dogs share the same urban space, the contradiction between people and dogs becomes intensified. Meanwhile, people from different backgrounds hold different opinions on pet dogs, resulting in contradictions. The project is located under the Wandong overpass, which is the largest pet market in Guiyang. However, it was left behind during the rapid urban renewal process and has become a scar on the city. Based on the space under the overpass and the original commercial foundation of the site, it plans to transform the space into a continuous, flexible, and open space, to combine the commercial space with the civic space, so as to provide services for the four surrounding communities in the tight urban space. A pet park dividing level, region, and time is included in the plan, aiming at renewing the negative urban space under the overpass creating more perspective communication between people and dogs, and creating a community culture to alleviate the contradiction between people and dogs.
People lack disposable public spaces in cities with everincreasing density. Meanwhile, as the city develops, more pets start living in the city. Since people and dogs share the same urban space, the
61.2 MILLION
2019 Number of pet breeaders in China
36.7MILLION
2019 Number of dog breeaders in China
55 MILLION
2019 Number of pet dogs in China
contradiction between people and dogs becomes intensified. At the same time, people from different backgrounds hold different opinions on pet dogs, resulting in contradictions.
Compared with human beings, dogs need a relatively larger activity space, which is also uncontrollable. At the same time, the activity requirements and the relationship between dog owners, citizens and dogs are also different.
The surrounding communities are intensified, lacking of urban public space. Meanwhile, greening and activity space are lacked in the community, resulting in conflicts between people and dogs.
The project is located under the Wandong Viaduct, which was the largest pet market in Guiyang. However, it was left behind during the rapid urban renewal process and has become a scar on the city.
Commercial shops were scattered there in the past, engaging in pets, catering, calligraphy and painting, flowers and plants. However, the internal traffic was not accessible, and the venue was narrow and closed, giving people a sense of chaos.
Based on the space under the viaduct and the original conditions of the site, it plans to transform the space into a continuous, flexible, and open space, combining the commercial space with the civic space. The park will provide services for the four surrounding communities in the tight urban space. A pet park dividing level, region, and time is included in the plan, aiming at renewing the negative urban space under the viaduct and promoting communication between people and dogs.
Festuca elata [Florencene and Fruit Stage] Apr.Aug.
Festuca elata [Florencene and Fruit Stage] Apr.-Aug.
Melinis nerviglumis [Florencene Mar.-Aug. [Fruit Stage ] Oct.
Stage Sept.-Nov.
Euonymus japonicus [Florencene ] Jun.-Jul. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Oct. Malus halliana [Florencene ] Mar.-Apr. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Oct.
Festuca elata [Florencene and Fruit Stage] Apr.Aug.
Cycas revoluta [Florencene Jun.-Jul.
Festuca elata [Florencene and Fruit Stage] Apr.-Aug.
Miscanthus [Florencene Aug.-Sept. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Nov.
Cedrus deodara [Florencene Oct.-Sept. [Fruit Stage ] Next Oct. Cycas revoluta [Florencene Jun.-Jul.
Cycas revoluta [Florencene ] Jun.-Jul.
Malus halliana [Florencene ] Mar.-Apr. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Oct.
Zelkova serrata [Florencene ] Apr. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Nov.
Large Dog Area means an activity area that is open 24 hours a day for large dogs and their owners only. The site includes a sunken activity space. It provides for pet training and daily activities, for which activity and training facilities as well as drinking water have been constructed. The sunken elevation difference not only ensures safety, but also provides a good view for the public to watch the activities of dogs.
Melinis nerviglumis [Florencene ] Mar.-Aug. [Fruit
Meliosma cuneifolia [Florencene Jun. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Nov.
Miscanthus [Florencene ] Aug.-Sept. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Nov.
Miscanthus [Florencene Aug.-Sept. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Nov. Miscanthus [Florencene Aug.-Sept. [Fruit Stage ] Sept.-Nov.
Meliosma cuneifolia [Florencene Jun. [Fruit Stage Sept.-Nov.
The Small Dogs Activity Area is an area for small dogs that is open at set times. Small dogs will share this space with the public. The site includes water and grassy sloped activity areas with built in facilities for pets and children. A vegetated buffer for the busy city street and site was also constructed through natural means to create a quiet activity area.
The markets extend the commercial space outwards while facing citizens with a more open commercial form.
The platform on the second floor has connected the site space, which enriches the viewing angle and activity spaces.
The space under the viaduct has been transformed into a continuous, flexible, and open space, combining commercial space with civic space, as well as connecting the venues through more connected footpaths, including children's activities, sports areas, recreational spaces, markets, and commerce shops.
Moreover, it has increased vegetation and natural space, connects with the pet park and revitalizes the space under the concrete bridge.
