Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis Documentation
Vanishing String:
The Future of Landscape in Different Aspects of Humanity
Space Odysseys
Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis Documentation
Vanishing String:
The Future of Landscape in Different Aspects of Humanity
Space Odysseys
Tony YUEN June 2020
Table of Contents
Nulla
Table of Contents
Nulla
List of Figures
12
I
Foreword
20
I
Abstract: The Prometheus
24
II
Positioning
26
II(a)
Thesis Statement
28
II(a)i
Position: Background
32
Disciplinary Context: Stagnant Breakthrough in Landscape Architecture
36
Literature & Precedents: Reformulation of Political Power
40
Literature & Precedents: Post-humanism/ Transhumanism
44
II(a)v
Annotated Bibliography
48
II(b)
Design Methodology
52
II(a)ii
II(a)iii
II(a)iv
6
Proposed DesignResearch Process
54
(1)
Physical conditions in outer space
54
(2)
Technological development and the past speculations
59
(3)
Humanism ideologies and theories
61
(4)
Fictions regarding future and space explorations
63
Proposed Project Brief
64
Overview
64
Objectives
65
Scope
66
Outcomes
66
Medium
67
Speculation
68
II(b)i
II(b)ii
III
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Table of Contents
III(a)
Site & Non-site
70
III(a)i
Analysis of Information
72
III(b)
Design Proposal
102
Past imaginations of future landscapes in selected movies, novels and anime.
72
III(b)i
The Design
104
The Script
106
86
Log Line
106
Physical characteristics and content of Astrobodies within the Solar System
Current world power production and resources transfer
86
Astro-bodies within the Solar System
88
Fieldwork
98
Field
98
VF – Orbiter 2016
99
VF – Celestia 1.6.1
100
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
III(a)ii
VF – SpaceEngine
101
Backstory
106
Structure
114
Treatment
114
118
Breaking the Story
Theme
124
Events
124
Site Scouting
126
The Scene
130
The Plot::1
142
Parallel Story::1
143
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Table of Contents Zero-G Field Live stock Breeding – When Meat Be comes One of the Commodities
152
The Plot::2
154
Parallel Story::2
155
Deep Space Drill ing Operation – Lengthy and Unsustainable Economic Activity
162
The Plot::3
164
Parallel Story::3
165
Astroculture and Colonization – Genetic Modified Eden and the New Adam
172
The Plot::4
174
Parallel Story::4
175
III(b)ii
The Galaclypic Games – The Stadium of Aremis, Lunar Athletes and New Extremes
184
The Plot::5
186
Parallel Story::5
187
Engineers in Vacuum – Consciousness and the Extension of Humanism
196
The Plot::6
198
Parallel Story::6
199
The First Heaven – Memorial of Banished Citizenship
208
Design Film Production
220
Pitch
220
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Table of Contents Propaganda
222
224
Release
253
IV
Appendices
254
IV(i)
Bibliography and Recommended Readings
256
IV(ii)
Citations
262
IV(iii)
Film Production
270
270
Scene Cards
Chapter [1] – VANISHING STRING
224
Chapter [2] – CONNECTION TO THE FUTURE
224
Chapter [3] – TURN BACK THE PENDULUM
225
Chapter [4] – THE SURVIVAL NETWORK
227
Chapter [5] – REVELATION REPORT
228
Chapter [6] – PRESENT MOMENTS
229
Shooting Script
VIDEO CLIPS
230
SOUND EFFECTS
271
MUSIC
273
DRAWINGS
273
DRAWING PRODUCTION
274
VIDEO EDITING
274
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Table of Contents NARRATION
275
Final Review
302
CAST
275
Pinup Overview
303
IV(iv)
Endnotes
278
IV(vi)
Acknowledgements
306
IV(v)
Records of interim reviews & responses
284
IV(vii)
Statement of Academic Integrity
307
Review Date and Required Deliverables
284
First Interim Review
286
287
Pinup Overview
Comments and Responses
289
Second Interim Review
294
295
Pinup Overview
Comments and Responses
297
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Table of Contents
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
List of Figures 1
“Prometheus Brings Fire to Mankind” by Friedrich Heinrich Füger, 1817
24
2
The urbanization processes in “Mission to Mars” revealed by Elon Musk, SpaceX in the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Adelaide, Australia. (Musk, Making Life Multiplanetary, 2017) Images extracted from presentation “Making Life Multiplanetary”.
30
3
The re-vision of O’Neill Cylinder proposed by NASA 1975 was tabled by Jeff Benzo, the founder of the Blue Origin. Images extracted from the presentation “Going to Space to Benefit Earth” dated 9 May 2019.
31
4
Mass extinction timeline of the Earth record the extinction rate of the habitat from 550-millions ago to present. (Sutter, 2016)
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5
The Earth’s temperature changing record from 2013-2017. ( the Earth Science Communications Team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory | California Institute of Technology, 2019)
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6
A satellite image captured by NASA showing the typhoon Hagibis in Japan, October 2019. (Freedman, 2019)
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7
“Starship Concerto in Zero G” on Twitter, posted by Elon Musk. Feb 5, 2020. (Musk, Elon Musk on Twitter: Starship Concerto in Zero G, 2020)
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8
Pyramid of Capitalist System, 1911. It shows the power structure of the capitalist society where workers supporting the other classes. (Kuharich)
40
9
International Space Law: United Nations Instruments. “These instruments constitute the principal body of international space law and will continue
42
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List of Figures to provide, further into the twenty-first century, an effective framework for the expanding and increasingly complex tasks aimed at the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.” (United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, 2018) 10
2001: A Space Odyssey by Stanley Kubrick. The film visualised future human living environment and the ethical dilemmas during outer space travel. (Kubrick, 1968)
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11
Conceptual image for Asgardia – a space nation. The motto of the nation is “One Humanity – One Unity” (Asgardia, IUFV (NGO) and AIRC, GmbH, 2020), post-human thinking of wiping out all physical boundaries and reconsider our ethnic as one.
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12
NASA Science Solar System Exploration Webpage. https://solarsystem. nasa.gov/
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13
SSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet - Metric. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ planetary/factsheet/
56
14
JPL Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics. https://ssd.jpl.nasa. gov/?planet_phys_par
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15
JPL Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_ phys_par
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16
JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_ query.cgi
57
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List of Figures 17
NASA – Living in Space Gallery. https://www.nasa.gov/topics/ technology/living-in-space/index.html
58
18
NASA, NASA’s Analog Missions: Paving the Way for Space Exploration. https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/hmp
59
19
Film poster for Ad Astra (2019), starring Brad Pitt. (GoldPoster, 2019)
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20
“Floating People”, imagining people living in zero gravity, a sketch by Rocket Scientist and Engineer Tsiolkovsky, 1933.
64
21
“Greenhouse in Space”, proposed aircraft with greenhouse to support astronaut living, a sketch by Rocket Scientist and Engineer Tsiolkovsky, 1933.
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22
Full record for compiled data of fictional materials on excel sheet.
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23
Technical notes for “A Global Database of Power Plants”.
86
24
The raw shipping route dataset overlaid with 30-degree graticules in ArcMap 10.5.1.
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25
All Astro-bodies visualized in ArcMap, the inner ring is shown as the central clustered points.
88
26
Inner ring visualized in ArcMap, from Sol to Jovian Satellite system.
89
27
Points of Astro-bodies, 3-dimensional view in Rhino 6.
90
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List of Figures 28
Name annotated for Astro-bodies, 3-dimensional view in Rhino 6.
90
29
From top left to bottom right: Reachable distance of a spacecraft from the Earth within (a) 30 days; (b) 90 days; (c) 180 days; (d) 360 days; (e) 720 days; (f) 1080 days; (g) 1440 days; (h) 1800 days.
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30
From top left to bottom right: Reachable distance of a spacecraft from Mars within (a) 30 days; (b) 90 days; (c) 180 days; (d) 360 days; (e) 720 days; (f) 1080 days; (g) 1440 days; (h) 1800 days.
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31
Time for asteroid mining operations was calculated by the reachable distance from the Earth and checked by coverage of the ‘travelling volume’.
94
32
Time for asteroid mining operations was calculated by the reachable distance from Mars and checked by coverage of the ‘travelling volume’.
95
33
Calculated operation time of asteroids with sub-network of 1-year Astroproximity.
96
34
Zoom in view for 1-year Astro-proximity sub-network.
97
35
Spacecraft launching site simulated in Orbiter 2016.
99
36
A simulation of Earth rotation and orbit in Celestia, continents and cities are labelled.
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37
A static capture of Astro-bodies orbital tail with rendered light emissions, customization of rendering and recording of video are also available in SpaceEngine.
101
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List of Figures
38
Past imaginations of future outer space landscape in various published fictions, including novels, movies and anime, laid out as chronicle timeline with collages showing the most representable fiction within decades.
104
39
Zoom in view of the categorizations of fictional materials. Left is the legend for each category.
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40
Zoom in view of the fiction review. The example shows the scene extracted from famous film The Martian and its quotes related to space colonization.
109
41
The timeline for humanity and landscape development and its speculation in future. The speculations are supported with detailed diagrammatic circuits for the Space Odysseys after apocalyptic condition on Earth.
110
42
Zoom in view of the World System panel. The correlation between humanity and landscape development is outlined with a line graph showing the fluctuations of the global temperature in the past.
112
43
Zoom in view of the World System panel. Here, the speculation is following the development of the mentioned two topics and projecting possible string which humankind may encounter in the future.
112
44
A portrait of Howard T. Odum, an American Ecologist, 1924-2002. (AIBS, 2020)
114
45
Diagram of an environmental system with use of symbols of the energy circuit language. (Magus Ramage, 2020)
115
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List of Figures 46
An overview of the speculative system diagrams in 4 designated age.
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47
World System diagram in time of 2050.
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48
World System diagram in time of 2150.
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49
World System diagram in time of 2300.
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50
World System diagram in time of 3500.
123
51
An illustrative diagram for planet characteristics and necessities for humanity. Explaining how the survival network can be formed.
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52
An isometric drawing illustrating the survival network with energy and resource transfers in different stages, designated time nodes were drawn in different scale and outlining the network volume in grey.
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53
Sample area of the asteroid mining stations within the survival network. Annotations were given to the positioning and roles for asteroids for easy understanding, not the actual name in astronomy.
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54
2050 and 2150 World System diagrams in spatial configuration.
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55
2300 World System diagram in spatial configuration.
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56
3500 World System diagram in spatial configuration.
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57
The Plot – 1 drafting process.
142
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List of Figures 58
The Plot – 1 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation.
143
59
“Space Butchers”
152
60
The Plot – 2 drafting process.
154
61
The Plot – 2 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation.
155
62
“Ice Rush”
162
63
The Plot – 3 drafting process.
164
64
The Plot – 3 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation.
165
65
“Martian Paradise”
172
66
The Plot – 4 drafting process.
174
67
The Plot – 4 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation.
175
68
“Climbing Continuum”
184
69
The Plot – 5 drafting process.
186
70
The Plot – 5 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation.
187
71
“Boundless Connectron Field”
196
72
The Plot – 6 drafting process.
198
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List of Figures
73
The Plot – 6 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation.
199
74
“The Bluer Marble”
208
75
The initial concept of the stage, featuring mega typhoon at Europe.
220
76
An air traveling scene, explaining the emergence of High-Orbit Jet which is not affected by the weather, and the common Air Jet which faces delay.
220
77
General description for common life, imagining future technology such as auto-luggage, face recognition, i-mobile.
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78
A scenery of High-Orbit Jet journey for the rich.
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79
Design Film Poster – Vanishing String by Tony Yuen
223
80
Scene Cards for the film
224
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
I
FO
OREWORD
Yoshiyuki Tomino (1987)
“Human souls are bounded by the Earth’s gravity”
[Figure 1] “Prometheus Brings Fire to Mankind” by Friedrich Heinrich Füger, 1817
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Although the “Mission to Mars” and “O’Neill Colonies” by Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos are often regarded as unbelievable, impossible, infeasible ideas to populate the space, they hold certain values to push space exploration development into new level and offer distinct goal for scholars and practitioners. From the very first draft of aircraft by Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary matured aviation, human took more than 500 years to smelt an unrestrained imagination to actual matter, one living in Renaissance could never believe human can always possibly travel in air. Now, the definition of
Abstract: The Prometheus
Abstract: The Prometheus landscape architecture is shaped by long processes of field development. The word “terra” - being the origin of the “land” and “land” derived “landscape”, told the story that the practice is bounded on ground (interpret as the Earth surface in science) and framed by individual lens afterwards. “Landscape” does not only describe something 3-dimentional, the time factor and intangible connections between space and human makes it four folded meaning in design practice. As a person working on the landscape field, the question of how human lives without “ground” is same as how
landscape architects work without past defined subjects/context/history. There is not much human history, invested resources, defined space and human itself in the outer space, that makes us be pioneers again in human history. A land-scape exists but becomes meaningless if not interrelated with humankind, same for space-scape, apart from interpreted as outer space scenery and possibly be without a solid surface, has overlaid additional interactions and functional means on top of the conventional landscape practice. Different from the existing context on the Earth, living in outer space requires alternate methods
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
for hospitality and survival. The new concept of land and resources need a prospective blueprint to prepare for the coming largest migration in humanity, the role of landscape architect also need to be transformed for our future. However, the continuation of humankind does not be guaranteed even though we successfully migrated to the space. This thesis is hence speculating future space migration in three phases, from early resource extraction to latter terraforming planet and from political projection to humankind evolution, trying to reveal our final destiny in perspective of Landscape Architecture.
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II
POS
SITIONING
II a
STA
THESIS ATEMENT
[Figure 2] The urbanization processes in “Mission to Mars” revealed by Elon Musk, SpaceX in the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Adelaide, Australia. (Musk, Making Life Multiplanetary, 2017) Images extracted from presentation “Making Life Multiplanetary”.
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31
[Figure 3] The re-vision of O’Neill Cylinder proposed by NASA 1975 was tabled by Jeff Benzo, the founder of the Blue Origin. Images extracted from the presentation “Going to Space to Benefit Earth” dated 9 May 2019.
Position: Background
i - Position: Background
32
In 2017, Stephen Hawking warned that humans must colonise another planet within 100 years or face extinction1 (Kalvapalle, 2017), the alarm rang by the giant of physics may sound early but the message is clear: there should be a contingency plan for continuation of humanity2 . Looking back at the history of the Earth, there were more than 99.9% of existed life-forms eventually extinct and five major calamities was recorded when the sudden change of the environment caused mass extinction3 . The destiny of humankind heavily relies on Gaia4 and her capability to hospital our life, however, our sins
[Figure 4] Mass extinction timeline of the Earth record the extinction rate of the habitat from 550-millions ago to present. (Sutter, 2016)
have intervened her power and we are now facing the largest karma – global warming. Global warming is the current greatest environmental threat to humanity, there is no single way leading to victory. The emission of greenhouse gases such as
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
carbon dioxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons has led to depletion of ozone layer and increase temperature in the atmosphere (National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA, n.d.). Climate change as a major factor affecting
Position: Background
global resources5 that risk survival of humanity. Landscape architects have been collaborating with professions such as ecologists, sociologists, environmental scientists,
etc, coming up with proposals contributing to counteractions. They have been engaging in environmental protection and regeneration for conserving humanity on Earth. Strategic design
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proposals regarding natural resources and energy are raised as preserving the land, at the same time sustainable development methodologies have been emphasized on field6 (Dictionary, 2019)
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to harvest substances continuously.
changes to our mother Earth and suffering.
Many of us, as a designer, hold a belief that we are trying to save the Earth through designs. We are protecting historic cultural and environmental resources by innovations, in this sense, we are making more sustainable design. These approaches tabled better methods of resource extraction and aimed for lower environmental impact to stabilize the existing value of land. However, in the reality, the world is getting worse even our related disciplines are growing, either we misunderstand the rules of nature in our design or our growth didn’t pull the dive made by other people. Or perhaps the truth is rather simple, we have made irreversible
The ideology of elongating the planet life was grounded on successful premises with hope, but the recovery rate of natural resources is often ignored, and the future of mother Earth is a variable. Hence, the relationship between resource extraction, environment and survival has extended to outer space under anxiousness of planet death by overexploitation in the past. Our greediness is now penetrating the atmosphere with ongoing development of technology, despite there are chances of being space refugee in the future.
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[Figure 6] A satellite image captured by NASA showing the typhoon Hagibis in Japan, October 2019. (Freedman, 2019)
Disciplinary Context: Stagnant Breakthrough in Landscape Architecture
ii - Disciplinary Context: Stagnant Breakthrough in Landscape Architecture The destiny of humanity seems unpredictable as the arrival time and scale of calamities remain unknown but it in fact can be simply concluded into three different paths: [A] surviving with adaptation; [B] migrating to another habitable place; or [C] die
(Kaku, 2018). The concept of exploring space and searching for habitable planet (here refer to [B]) emerged when [A] is possibly infeasible and [C] is always unfavourable. Regarding this notion of ‘three destiny choices’,
36
[Figure 7] “Starship Concerto in Zero G” on Twitter, posted by Elon Musk. Feb 5, 2020. (Musk, Elon Musk on Twitter: Starship Concerto in Zero G, 2020)
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space migration should be our best choice for future. Space exploration and development has long been the professional field of science and aviation (The Aerospace Corp., 2018), their innovated technology leaded the technique of potential space living with
Disciplinary Context: Stagnant Breakthrough in Landscape Architecture
exploitation. Since the cold war period, the industry has been successfully solved the problem of human living in space through competitions. As space activities have been regarded as military actions globally, other disciplines and amateurs have less chances to get involved in the dark space. In this relatively peaceful world, people start thinking about space entertainment and tourism and when the time space travelling becomes more popular and affordable, other disciplines are participating in the development because we are trying to expand the common society beyond the Earth. Hence,
these space exploration intensities had also incubated private space development entrepreneurs such as SpaceX and the Blue Origin. The “Mission to Mars� and the O’Neill Cylinder reflected the ideal situation human predominates super technology. When these technologies are advanced enough to transform space living a common convention, the space industry will involve broader spectrum in humanity as participation from other disciplines is required to facilitate habitat 7 and living (beyond physical survival, including cultural needs of humans) during interplanetary flights (Doody, 2011) and
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long-term settlements. Going back to landscape architecture, the landscape is composed by human involvement, memories, infrastructure and land. However, the situation in outer space is different. In the imaginative proposal tabled by O Neill Cylinder (see Figure 3), the landscape in humanity was put on man-made space living base. Despite the ideal imaginations we got from the past, there are much more to be discovered and worked with to support humanity in larger scale. When almost all systems exist on Earth will be reformulated after escaping the atmosphere, how
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Disciplinary Context: Stagnant Breakthrough in Landscape Architecture
38
landscape architects can expand their field by involving speculations and contingencies for future space colonization? The processes of landscape architectural works depend heavily on land. In contrast, the existing relationship between human and land will be redefined when humans begin to live in outer space. The wipe out of climatic factors, disconnection of site context8 and new materials for hospitality are all changing conditions that will create knowledge and practice gaps.
unexplored positions are examined by all parties and perhaps will create a new discipline to deal with vacuum space. Transforming from ‘landscape’ to ‘space-scape’, from landscape architects to “space architects”, the properties of landscape discipline will be expanded with the distance beyond Earth’s surface. In this period of post-humanism (Pepperell, 1997) or transhumanism (Lilley, 2012), what landscape means to the New-types9 or even New-type space architects?
The outer space survival network is in no doubt requiring all building knowledge to construct, the merging of existing construction disciplines can be foreseen in zero gravity. In this sense, the
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Disciplinary Context: Stagnant Breakthrough in Landscape Architecture
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[Figure 8] Pyramid of Capitalist System, 1911. It shows the power structure of the capitalist society where workers supporting the other classes. (Kuharich)
40
Literature & Precedents: Refomulation of Political Power
iii - Literature & Precedents: Reformulation of Political Power The form of political landscapes in modern society has been formed and stabilized by collective wishes on Earth. The current powers are separated into different streams but they share a common structure which there are identical ruling classes representing the others in lower class level. The conflicts raised on Earth was sparked by wrestling of powers in horizontal and vertical levels. Before we entered the odyssey of space, our Earth has been divided by physical boundaries and spiritual barriers. Space migration is a great step of global humanity, especially in political structures. It is hard to affirm the political wrestling and
global distribution of power (in terms of tangible resources and territories and more intangible skills and ideology of believes) will remain the same in outer space environment.
the outer space atelier, with the change of gravity, undefined territory, unknown resources from other asteroids will all change the existing ways of living in humanity scale.
In the history of humankind, from drought in ancient Egypt to civic war in recent Syria, the correlation of politics and the change of living environment is closely bounded together, clues are found that the change of one side will affect another and vice versa (Kaku, 2018). If assuming we will face the largest calamity that touch upon ethnic extinction, the global political structure has high possibility to be reformed. The unity of humanity is predicted in
Since the inauguration of space related law, every travel beyond the Earth Mesopause (80km above the Earth surface) is regarded as military missions and the man executing the mission is called “Astronaut�10 . Treaties and conventions were made that no country shall claim the right of territory within the outer space environment, which the existence of the International Space Station also manifested. The outer space environment by existing law11 , regarded the
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Literature & Precedents: Refomulation of Political Power [Figure 9] International Space Law: United Nations Instruments. “These instruments constitute the principal body of international space law and will continue to provide, further into the twenty-first century, an effective framework for the expanding and increasingly complex tasks aimed at the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.� (United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, 2018)
same character and definition as the International Waters. Nonetheless, the current acknowledgement is that the outer space is regarded as a global asset in our world, therefore the politics between nations in outer space are forced to be shaped in soft powers. But when if one day we all become space refugee, there will be actual needs of distributing people, resources, spaces, accommodating humankind in all backgrounds, convergence of different political
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Literature & Precedents: Refomulation of Political Power
forces will unavoidably reshape the landscape. Set aside from political competitions, the morality in resources, space and boundaries will avoidably create disputes during the long processes of space migration. During the lengthy conquering in outer space, the evolution of human races will depend on different outer space environment. For instance, people living in spacecrafts will be evolved differently from those settled on planets, different habitats in planets will result in different biological characteristics. As consequence, humanity will be divided into different ethnic streams over time and generate various specialized skills, culture, economic and possibly developed into different
races, the political ecology is therefore reconstructed following the growth of the tree of life. Even if a pan-human united power structure has been set up for outer space political framework, the history, background and group interests behind the governance will end up separation and independence of specific groups and new ethnic races.
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[Figure 10] 2001: A Space Odyssey by Stanley Kubrick. The film visualised future human living environment and the ethical dilemmas during outer space travel. (Kubrick, 1968)
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Literature & Precedents: Post-humanism/ Transhumanim
iv - Literature & Precedents: Post-humanism/ Transhumanism
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At the time of opening outer space colony, the humanity has already entered a post-human period in terms of technology. Posthumanism has no obvious beginning and development trend throughout the history, it holds critique towards humanism and targeted to destroy binary conditions within collective humankind systems (Robert Ranish, 2014). Space migration challenged the current cognitions and fostered fusion of systems in politics, economics and culture aspects, could be regarded as new milestone in post-human development. Post-humanism in broad
term is a redefinition of humanism and trying to challenge the binary conditions human society is having. The post-human idea has been staying in our society and has been transformed into humanism, for example, the identity of human has been extended through invention of smart phones, democratic systems eliminate inequalities and even unisex garment has became norms in our daily life. These kinds of Prometheus thinking, broadening the humanity spectrum through creation, will continue in future outer space living. Yet, the post-humanism idea believes in collective human transcend for
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better future, reflecting continuation of expansion and redefinition in the future. Looking back to the current focus technological developments such as Nano technology, biotechnologies, information technologies and artificial reproduction, they are all redefining humanism and blurring boundaries between human being and external world, human and object, human themselves, and human and nature. Technology being the modern religious in this case has endorsed human transcendent and shaped forms of human enhancement, moving beyond the defined biological capacities in
Neo-Darwinism to a multidimensional humanism. Space colonization unfolds new possibilities of living space, materials and relationships by technological breakthroughs, incubating evolutionary futurism and intensifying existing humanism. Holding science and technology as asset, it is a matter of time that transhumanism will be derived from posthumanism as a transgression of human nature in outer space environment. Transhumanism, being one of the streams in post-humanism is focusing on body enhancement through possible methods.
[Figure 11] Conceptual image for Asgardia – a space nation. The motto of the nation is “One Humanity – One Unity” (Asgardia, IUFV (NGO) and AIRC, GmbH, 2020), post-human thinking of wiping out all physical boundaries and reconsider our ethnic as one.
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Ideas have been explored our evolution in the imagined world. We are imagining a blend between humans and machines because the latter one provided stable performance in higher efficiency. In the era of space living, this will come closer and closer to us, as human fragility is a prioritized issue during lengthy space travelling. However, we should ask ourselves: are we humans when 80% of our bodies made of artifacts, how much humanity do we left in this future? Will the change of our bodies also affect the concept of landscape and living environment? Despite the long debate of defining a ‘human’, utopian ideologies of libertarian transhumanism12
, democratic transhumanism13 and extropianism14 will nevertheless encounter in the future, based on the assumption of natural transformation of our bodies under the star light. Will these Prometheus thinking in the future pan-human society create utopian world or detonate another humanity crisis? What truly weights in this abstracted future?
Literature & Precedents: Post-humanism/ Transhumanim
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Annotated Bibliography
v - Annotated Bibliography Space Exploration Technologies Corp. 2017. SpaceX. Accessed September 13, 2019. https://www.spacex.com. The website introduced the latest technology from SpaceX, from two-stage rocket design the Falcon 9 to free-flying spacecraft design Dragon. There are broadcasts for the technological investment milestones (SpaceX News) and missions for lauches (Launch Manifesto), details can be downloaded from the hosted gallery or by individual web-links. The resources on the website is useful as to make comparison with the progress from that by NASA. Kaku, Michio. 2018. The Future of Humanity. New York, US: Doubleday.
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The Future of Humanity introduces key concepts of space development and raised questions for future path of humanity. Dr. Kaku utilized his yearlong studies and built up legitimate arguments in all perspectives for readers to know different space environments, theories and on-going researches. All the ideas are further discussed throughout chapters in practical manner, projecting pictures which realistic enough for understanding.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Annotated Bibliography
2015. The Martian. Directed by Ridley Scott. Performed by Matt Damon and Jessica Chastain. The movie is about the story of Mark Watney (starred by Matt Damon) and his survival journey alone on the Mars. Astronaut Mark Watney was in Ares III mission with his crew on the Martian surface and later attacked by the fierce dust storm. He was struck by debris and lost contact with his team, the Ares III team members including Commander Malisa Lewis (starred by Jessica Chastain) were mistakenly presumed his death. Mark had to survive with all his knowledge as botanist and try to get back on Earth. The plot unfolds the necessary components of human survival and describes the environment of the Mars, the difficulties of living in outer space and corelated technologies have been clearly demonstrated throughout the story. Interestingly the movie (or the original novel) has imagined the process of planting potatoes as food by Martian soil and slightly touched the concept of colonization in outer space. Billings, Linda. 2019. “Should Humans Colonize Mars? No.” Theology and Science, 17:3 341346. The journal article expressed the views towards the topic of space colonization and counter argue the actions done by entrepreneurs such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos have neglected the unresolved morality issues. Billings as a humanist tabled that humans are unprepared going to Mars (or any planet) as the “debates on the social and political dimensions of future Martian space settlement” have not yet been taken place by humanity. The moral and ethical arguments mentioned on this paper provide a different perspective aside from the manifesto of conquering outer space.
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Annotated Bibliography
Achenbach, Joel. 2016. “Race to the Red Planet.� National Geographic Magazine 2-31. The chapter of baseline discussions of travelling space and introducing the existing plans from NASA and SpaceX. Interviews are conducted with the researchers and astronauts working in space lab and pointed out key issues particularly in terms of human health and morality going into outer space. The photography of the article has well captured some of the leading research at the time, such as the correlation between radiation and brain activities, psychological fluctuations during space travelling and virtual-reality based experiments. The issues are mutually listed and left open-ended rooms for readers to self-reflect the progress of space exploration. Tasker, Elizabeth. 2017. The Planet Factory: Exoplanets and the Search for a Second Earth. New York, United States: Bloomsbury Sigma.
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The book documents the missions exploring planets within the solar system, either by satellite orbiting or through telescope observations. The components of planets are explained with scientific researches and the orbiting relationships between planets and their satellites are supplemented to provide evidences. Although the search for the second Earth is the major topic in the discussion, the book spent great length trying to explain the inhabitable factors for each planets including atmospheric conditions and temperatures which primarily determined the conclusion. The author also provide additional reading materials with brief introduction which help readers to futher explore in specific topic.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Annotated Bibliography
Luque, Mariano Gomez, and Ghazal Jafari. 2017. “Posthuman.� New Geographies 8-11. The article briefly introduced the concept of posthumanism and the formulating posthuman context in global scale. This New Geographies Volume discussing the role of design in contemporary context in relation to posthuman movements; the triggering of technologies to contemporary urban systems and their influences to experimental works focusing the changes in political geographies. The volume demonstrated a series of research works and experiments by architects, ecologists and urbanists. As posthumanism is vague and touching every aspect within the human world, this journal provides perspectives closely connected with our disciplines.
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II b
METHO
DESIGN ODOLOGY
Proposed Design-Research Process
i - Proposed Design-Research Process
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The method of conducting thesis research was done in four different but interrelated aspects, they are (1) physical conditions in outer space, (2) technological developments and speculations from scientists and space organizations, (3) humanism ideologies and theories, and (4) fictions regarding future and space explorations. (1) Physical conditions in outer space Bounded by the perplexity of incomplete information humans can reach so far, the research will start with the worldwide space development from Cold War to current SpaceX15 founded by Elon Musk (Space Exploration Technologies
Corp., 2017) as a way to understand the current living environment in outer space and its correlated constraints in regards to proposed missions. The data gathering of physical conditions in outer space environment was divided into 2 sections. (a) Physical properties of Astro-bodies Before actual data gathering, one must first understand the basic definition, classifications and compositions of different Astro-bodies. Information and facts were accessed on the website “NASA Science Solar System Exploration” maintained by the Planetary Science
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Communications team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. In depth explanations and related missions to discover these bodies were studied to understand the planetary system mechanics. Resources in the galleries were borrowed as
Proposed Design-Research Process
visual materials for speculation references. (NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Science Communications team, n.d.) This section focused on identifying discovered Astro-bodies within the Solar System, including planets, dwarf planets,
moons, asteroids, comets and meteors. Properties such as mass, diameter, density, gravity, rotation period, length of day, distance from sun, orbital period, mean temperature, surface pressure was studied for onward analysis and interventions. Planets (and Pluto): Planets (listed according to distance from Sol: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) and Pluto within the Solar System, their properties (unit in metric) were extracted from “Planetary Fact Sheet” pub[Figure 12] NASA Science Solar System Exploration Webpage. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
lished by the NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NASA SSDCA). (Williams, 2019) The data was further supplemented and extracted from “Solar System Dynamics: Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics” published by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (NASA JPL). (NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2020)
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[Figure 13] SSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet Metric. https:// nssdc.gsfc.nasa. gov/planetary/ factsheet/
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[Figure 14] JPL Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics. https://ssd.jpl. nasa.gov/?planet_ phys_par
Moons: The physical parameters of the moons (in total 184, listed in Planetary Satellite System: Earth’s, Martian, Jovian, Saturnian, Uranian, Neptunian, Pluto’s) were extracted from “Solar System Dynamics: Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters” published by NASA JPL. (NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2015)
Asteroids, Comets, Meteors: All asteroids, comets and meteors are classified as Small-Body in the Solar System (valid data thread in total 10726). As such, the data relies on the “SmallBody Search Engine� supported by NASA JPL. (NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2020)The search constraints for the search engine are determined by the user needs. In this thesis research data gathering process, the result of the asteroids, comets and meteors were separated in different orbit classes, later output as CSV files.
[Figure 15] JPL Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. https://ssd.jpl.nasa. gov/?sat_phys_par
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[Figure 16] JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine. https:// ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ sbdb_query.cgi
Proposed Design-Research Process
(b) Physical engagements by humans in outer space environment
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Studies of zero gravity environments and human health disclosed by NASA will be borrowed as the baseline of this section. The research started with wide range of topics, basically in space travelling framework throughout the history. These researches included but not limited to astronauts’ health development and training, effects of radiation and zero gravity to human bodies, activities and researches by astronauts in International Space Station (ISS) and human body reflections landing on the Earth after missions.
[Figure 17] NASA – Living in Space Gallery. https://www.nasa.gov/topics/ technology/living-in-space/index.html
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Proposed Design-Research Process
[Figure 18] NASA, NASA’s Analog Missions: Paving the Way for Space Exploration. https:// www.nasa.gov/analogs/hmp
(2) Technological development and the past speculations Apart from physical characteristics of Astrobodies which defined the properties of ‘spacescape’ in the field of Astrophysics, technological development and aviation designs are crucial as
59 an acknowledgement before data analysis. They provided a logical baseline of the thesis development and act as a starting point prior any design speculations were done. The first step was to study the history of technological development of the space explorations.
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Information was gathered from three major sources of literature, supplemented by the online resources provided by NASA official webpages. The literatures are: (a) ‘The Penguin Book of Outer Space Exploration: NASA
Proposed Design-Research Process
and the Incredible Story of Human Spaceflight’ edited by John Logsdon. It provides history of NASA development and considerations before missions were launched. The rich context covered letters, interviews, record of meetings, disclosed documents regarding the subject (Logsdon, 2018);
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(b) Three volumes of National Graphic Magazines (November 2016 - No. 180 Exploring Mars, July 2017 – No. 188 Enter a Futuristic Stadium, August 2017 – No. 189 The Space Issue: The Next Moon Shot) touching upon recent space exploration and the trend of scientific researches. These three magazine volumes covered the studied technology of terra-formation on Mars (National Geographic
Magazine, 2016), genetic researches and human evolutions (National Geographic Magazines, 2017), mechanical development in satellites launches and space travelling (National Geographic Magazines, 2017); (c) ‘Book of Space: Everything you want to know about the universe we live in, How It Works’ published by Future Publishing Limited. Simple but detailed explanation on topics of Solar System, Space Exploration, Universe and Astronomy, encyclopedia which supplement information in diverse and comprehensive way. The second step was examining technical investigations such as terra-
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formation of the planet by NASA and (HMP) (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2011) on Devon Island16 (NASA, 2019)since these two precedents are the only actual research programmed by scientists which generally recognized by the astronomy field. The researches regarding experiments of humans living in Martian-like environments, life detection and discovery, methodology of terraformation were borrowed as the case study of potential future space colonization scenarios.
Proposed Design-Research Process
(3) Humanism ideologies and theories The above-mentioned data and facts are more on ‘technical’ aspects of human entering outer space, however, this thesis aimed not to solve technical problems but to raise questions and attention in between the future landscape and humanity before humanity starts its migration. Hence, the role of humanism ideologies and theories came up as the second in the plot. Yet, it remained the main character provoking reflections in the debatable future within this thesis framework. The study of human society was focused on the forms of governance and the ideologies behind the power structure, especially similarities and
differences (for instance, between totalitarianism, republicanism and anarchism). These forms and structures of regimes directed the power sources behind political believes and demonstrated latent boundaries between countries and countries, nonetheless, reflected the root of conflict in current global political stage. As this thesis is not only about future political powers, the study was more for understanding the pillars of different socio-political situations in purpose as to model future settlement and fragmentation of power and their influences. Since the setting of this thesis is in future after apocalypse on Earth, the ejection of humankind to outer space environment triggers
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current imaginations of a ‘post human’ living and a ‘transhuman’ transformation to adapt new encounter environment in planetary scale. A study for post-humanism and transhumanism was therefore conducted and utilized as a driver to project possible future scenarios. The emergence of post-humanism and transhumanism can be traced back in a long history but related literatures which provide clearer definitions of the terms were bloomed a decade ago. The library resources in the University of Hong Kong was the main source of examining these ideologies during thesis construction. The selected books and articles
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studied in this thesis are listed on the bibliography in the Appendix session. Those literatures were reviewed, studied topics summarized as follows: a. Definition of Post humanism and Transhumanism; b. Definition of Humanism;
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c. The difference between Neo-Darwinism and Post/Transhumanism; d.
Following item b., the current focus technologies regarding the latter ideology;
e. Post-humanism and its association; f. Post-humanism in Humanism; g. The relationship between Transhumanism and traditional religions;
h. The difference between Post humanism and Transhumanism in terms of Humanism framework; i. Streams in Humanism (i.e. Anthropocentrism, Ecocentrism, Biocentrism); j. Immortality in Transhumanism.
Ideas derived from the reviewed materials were borrowed and articulated as supportive arguments for future humanity development processes.
(4) Fictions regarding future and space explorations Last but not the least, the inspiration of this thesis was grounded on the long interest of fictions in different media and discoveries of their interrelationships with Landscape Architecture. A research on fictions regarding future and space explorations was done as to showcase the origin of this notion.
[Figure 19] Film poster for Ad Astra (2019), starring Brad Pitt. (GoldPoster, 2019)
Fictional materials were divided into 3 categories, (a) movie, (b) novel, and (c) anime. (a) Movie 100 movies were selected, released year ranged from 1950 to 2019. (b) Novel
243 novels were selected, published year ranged from 1930 to 2018. (c) Anime 362 anime were selected, released year ranged from 1965 to 2019. Due to the limitation of time, it was impossible to review all the materials (for example, 362 anime times average 20 episodes times average 30 minutes, results in 150 non-stop full watching days). All the above fictional materials hence were further ranked by their popularity, review scores and hit rates. Top 10 ranked materials from each category were picked for in-depth study.
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Overview
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[Figure 20] “Floating People�, imagining people living in zero gravity, a sketch by Rocket Scientist and Engineer Tsiolkovsky, 1933.
The Vanishing String: The Future of Landscape in Different Aspects of Humanity is a thesis investigating the change of landscape in a possible but uncertain future stage. The notion of this thesis emerged with rising environmental changes concerns and global awareness of environmental protection, though the attention to these topics may regarded as paranoia among groups of people, as there is no scientific model in the laboratory can take all parameters from the reality into account to generate a complete prediction result. Coincide with the 50th
Proposed Project Brief
ii – Proposed Project Brief anniversary of moon landing and the intensified space exploration fantasies heated by entrepreneurs and competitions between territories, many hold the believe that space migration shall be the last resort for the continuation of humanity. Space colonization has always been the dream in astronomy, it is not only reflected in various fictions since the first launched satellite in 1930s but also in the foundations of well-known companies specialized in space travel. Holding these antecedents and consequences, the position of future ‘landscape’ remains unexplored in landscape architectural practice for
decades. Contextualized with the rapid expansion and development of the field in previous 20 years, the thesis is bridging the space industries and the landscape industry with systematic thinking and planning in an expanded timeframe. This requires the thesis to go beyond the conventional scope of landscape architecture and rethink the position of the discipline base on given assumptions. This thesis critiques the formation of current believes of space colonization through landscape planning and philosophical lens, acknowledging the difficulties of maintaining life in ‘true void’ and
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
unknown ground beyond the atmosphere. While engaging with logical and systematic design processes, providing new position and directions to Landscape Architecture, the argument nevertheless exemplifies the ‘utopian’ fantasy in an inverted way, stimulating self-reflection on the significance of design constructions. Objectives The thesis aimed to deliver messages to stakeholders within the discipline and raising questions of the effectiveness and necessity of landscape designs, particularly making reflection upon hypocritical thoughts of environmental protection
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Proposed Project Brief
and attitudes towards the nature. Possible scenarios in broader perspectives had planned to construct and was targeted to direct audience outside the landscape discipline to explore our paths to the possible futures.
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The speculations did not target to offer absolute solutions for the new outer space living but leave rooms for openended discussions within the humanity framework in purpose. The exploration of the meaning of ‘landscape’, or perhaps the meaning of ‘life’ and ‘land’ was the thread leading research, design and conclusions of this thesis. In other words, the ‘process’ was ‘loose’, the ‘methodology’ was ‘pervious’ and the ‘outcome’ was ‘scattered’,
the real objective is always bringing provocativeness to all audiences. This ‘from void to solid’, ‘from fiction to reality’, ‘from indirect to direct’ and ‘from future back to present’ thinking remained as the foremost critical ideology throughout the whole thesis construction process. Scope The scope of the thesis was framed and followed by the thesis objectives. The time period of the ‘landscape’ speculations was set in future stage where the Earth had experienced catastrophic condition in global scale, human could no longer live in the familiar environment and was forced to eject from the Earth’s surface.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Hence, the pre-design research and study were conducted in broader spectrum of humanity development, summarized in four major aspects: social, culture, socioculture and energy. The scope therefore was broad and not following the structure of conventional thesis, as ‘focus’ of specific topic in humanity cannot reach the objectives mentioned and none of it can represent the humanity as a whole. Outcomes The outcome of the thesis was a plot and was targeted as a trilogy of human space migration. (1) Starting from the assumption of a planetary scale disaster, the space
migration will begin with the first phase of setting up pioneering manufacture sites on asteroids and human living in space ateliers. The feeder zone will be emerged as the primer of survival network. (2) Terraforming planets to make habitable places, the time space citizens will shake off their identity as the Earth refugee and started onsurface space settlements. The basic framework of survival network will be formed. (3) The shortage in resources and saturated population will force pan-humanity to explore beyond the Galaxy. The space citizens will reengineer their bodies by biomechatronic surgery for
longevity to adapt longer space travel. Medium The medium of the thesis was visual materials listed as follows: (1) Graphics a. Diagrams b. Infographics c. Technical visualizations d. Renderings e. Illustrations f. Digital paintings
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(2) Video a. b.
Trailer production Film production
(3) Booklet a.
Documentation of all the above
(4) Webpage a.
Website documented all the above
[Figure 21] “Greenhouse in Space�, proposed aircraft with greenhouse to support astronaut living, a sketch by Rocket Scientist and Engineer Tsiolkovsky, 1933.
III
SPEC
CULATION
III a SITE &N
NON-SITE
Analysis of Information
i - Analysis of Information Following the designresearch process on Section II, there were four sets of data for further summarization and analyzation.
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(1) Past imaginations of future landscapes in selected movies, novels and anime. a. Data Before any data manipulation, 10 thesis related fictional genres were identified as Category – A; 4 aspects of humanity development mentioned in the project scope were regarded as Category – B. This identifications and definition of categories aimed to demonstrate the trend of genres in fictions
and their relativities to the humankind society. i.
Category – A
1. Alien invasion 2. Apocalyptic 3. Artificial intelligence 4. Colonization 5. Cyberpunk 6. Dystopia 7. Galactic empire 8. Human development 9. Space exploration 10. Terraforming
ii.
Category – B
1. Social 2. Culture 3. Socio-culture 4. Energy
b. Result The research materials were separated into 3 excel files for easier
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categorization process. Excel files were later compiled into one for data sorting, rows of data were sorted by (1) chronicle order in released year and (2) alphabetical order. The classified result is as follows.
NMA N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Year
1930 1930 1930 1932 1932 1933 1933 1933 1933 1934 1934 1934 1934 1935 1936 1937 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1943 1943 1945 1945 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1948 1949 1949 1949 1949 1949 1949 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1952 1952 1952
Name A Fighting Man of Mars Last and First Men Skylark Three Brave New World Pirates of Venus After Worlds Collide Doctor Dolittled's Return The Man Who Awoke The Shape of Things to Come A Martian Odyssey From Beyond Skylark of Valeron The Legion of Space Lost on Venus The Shadow Out of Time Galactic Patrol Star Maker Swastika Night Anthem Out of the Silent Planet Carson of Venus One Against the Legion Sinister Barrier Synthetic Men of Mars A Voyage that lasted 600 years Slan Reason Perelandra The Glass Bead Game That Hideous Strength The World of Null-A Adventures in Time & Space Children of the Lens Rocket Ship Galileo Beyond This Horizon Space Cadet Triplanetary The Martian Chronicles 1984 Red Planet Sixth Column The Paradox Men What Mad Universe Destination Moon First Lensman I, Robot Pebble in the Sky Prelude to Space The Man Who Sold the Moon The Voyage of the Space Beagle Time and Again Gray Lensman Star Man's Son, 2250 A.D. The Green Hills of Earth The Sands of Mars The Stars, Like Dust The Weapon Shops of Isher City Ring around the Sun The Currents of Space
Category - A Colonization Human development Galactic empire Dystopia Space exploration Colonization Space exploration Dystopia Apocalyptic Human development Human development Galactic empire Alien invasion Space exploration Alien invasion Galactic empire Human development Dystopia Dystopia Colonization Space exploration Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Alien invasion Artificial intelligence Colonization Human development Human development Cyberpunk Space exploration Human development Human development Dystopia Galactic empire Alien invasion Colonization Dystopia Colonization Alien invasion Dystopia Alien invasion Space exploration Galactic empire Artificial intelligence Dystopia Space exploration Human development Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Human development Human development Apocalyptic Dystopia Galactic empire
Category - B Socio-culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Energy Energy Socio-culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Social Culture Energy Culture Socio-culture Social Social-Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Energy Energy Culture Social Social Social Social Social Social Social Culture Energy Culture Socio-culture Social Culture Energy Culture Social Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Social
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N N M N N N N N N N N M N N N N N M N N N N N N N N M N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N N A A N N N N
1952 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1954 1954 1954 1954 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1955 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1957 1957 1957 1958 1958 1958 1958 1959 1959 1959 1960 1960 1960 1961 1961 1961 1961 1962 1962 1962 1963 1963 1963 1964 1964 1964 1964 1964 1964 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1966 1966 1966 1966
The Space Merchants The Foundation Trilogy Project Moonbase Second Stage Lensmen Sentinels from Space The Demolished Man A Mirror for Observers Mission of Gravity Search the Sky The Caves of Steel Citizen In Space Conquest of Space Earthlight The End of Eternity The Martian Way and Other Stories The Stars My Destination Double Star Forbidden Planet The City and the Stars The Naked Sun Time for the Stars Citizen of the Galaxy The Black Cloud The Door Into Summer Have Space Suit - Will Travel Methuselah's Children Queen of Outer Space The Enemy Star Starship Troopers Nine Tomorrows The Sirens of Titan Assignment: Outer Space Rogue Moon Venus Plus X A Fall of Moondust Dark Universe Naked to the Stars Stranger in a Strange Land A Clockwork Orange After Doomsday R is for Rocket Orphans of the Sky Planet of the Apes Way Station Martian Time-Slip The Dark Light Years The Invincible The Penultimate Truth The Wanderer Trader to the Stars Dune Mutiny in Outer Space Starchild The Star Fox The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch Uchuu Patrol Hopper Yuusei Shounen Papii The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Babel-17 Destination Void Fantastic Voyage
Colonization Galactic empire Colonization Galactic empire Alien invasion Dystopia Alien invasion Colonization Space exploration Artificial intelligence Space exploration Colonization Colonization Human development Space exploration Human development Galactic empire Space exploration Apocalyptic Artificial intelligence Human development Dystopia Alien invasion Human development Galactic empire Human development Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Apocalyptic Space exploration Apocalyptic Space exploration Colonization Human development Apocalyptic Space exploration Space exploration Human development Galactic empire Terraforming Colonization Artificial intelligence Apocalyptic Human development Space exploration Galactic empire Space exploration Dystopia Alien invasion Galactic empire Space exploration Alien invasion Human development Human development Human development Human development
Culture Social Social Social Social Culture Culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Culture Social Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Culture Energy Social Socio-culture Culture Energy Culture Socio-culture Energy Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Social Culture Socio-culture Culture Energy Energy Culture Energy Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Culture Socio-culture Culture Social Social Culture Social Energy
N M N N N N M N N N N N N M N M N N N N N N M N N M M N N N N N N A N A A N M N A A A A A A A A A A A A M N A A A A A M A
1966 1966 1967 1967 1967 1967 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1969 1969 1969 1969 1969 1970 1970 1970 1971 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1975 1976 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979
The Blue World War of the Planets Hawksbill Station Lord of Light Restoree Why Call Them Back From Heaven? 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001: A Space Odyssey Bug Jack Barron Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Nova Rite of Passage The Goblin Reservation The Green Slime Behold the Man Marooned None But Man The Left Hand of Darkness The Ship Who Sang Cyborg Tau Zero Tower of Glass Earth II A Choice of Gods Dying Inside Silent Running Solaris The Gods Themselves The Sheep Look Up There Will be Time Rendezvous with Rama Ten Thousand Light-Years from Home The Dispossessed Uchuu Senkan Yamato Imperial Earth Kore ga UFO da! Soratobu Enban Uchuu no Kishi Tekkaman Trouble on Triton: An Ambiguous Heterotopia Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope Dying of the Light Gasshin Sentai Mechander Robo Uchuu Senkan Yamato (Movie) Wakusei Robo Danguard Ace Ginga Tetsudou 999 Narara Wonder Gongju Saraba Uchuu Senkan Yamato: Ai no Senshi-tachi SF Saiyuuki Starzinger Son O-gong gwa Byeoldeul-ui Jeonjaeng Uchuu Kaizoku Captain Harlock Uchuu Kaizoku Captain Harlock: Arcadia-gou no Nazo Uchuu Majin Daikengo Uchuu Senkan Yamato 2 Alien The Hitchhiker's guide to the Galaxy Eunhahamdae Jiguho Ginga Tetsudou 999 (Movie) Ginga Tetsudou 999: Kimi wa Senshi no You ni Ikirareru ka? Mirai Robo Daltanious Mobile Suit Gundam Moonraker Narara! Ujujeonham Geobukseon
Colonization Alien invasion Colonization Colonization Alien invasion Human development Space exploration Space exploration Human development Apocalyptic Artificial intelligence Colonization Human development Alien invasion Human development Space exploration Galactic empire Colonization Human development Human development Space exploration Artificial intelligence Space exploration Apocalyptic Human development Terraforming Space exploration Apocalyptic Apocalyptic Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Alien invasion Galactic empire Alien invasion Alien invasion Colonization Galactic empire Galactic empire Alien invasion Alien invasion Colonization Space exploration Space exploration Alien invasion Human development Human development Alien invasion Alien invasion Galactic empire Alien invasion Alien invasion Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Apocalyptic Human development Human development Space exploration
Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Social Social Culture Culture Culture Energy Socio-culture Social Social Culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Social Social Energy Social Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Energy Social Energy Socio-culture Culture Social Culture Culture Social Social Social Social Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Culture
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M M N A A A A A A A A A A A A M A N N A A A A A A A N A A A A A A A A N A M A M A A N A A A A N N A A A A M A A A A M A A
1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983
Star Trek: The Motion Picture The Black Hole The Fountains of Paradise The Ultraman Uchuu Kuubo Blue Noah Uju Heukgisa 15 Sonyeon Uju Pyoryugi Cyborg 009: Chou Ginga Densetsu Densetsu Kyojin Ideon Ginga Tetsudou 999: Eien no Tabibito Emeraldas Ginga Tetsudou 999: Glass no Clair Ginga Tetsudou 999: Kimi wa Haha no You ni Aiseru ka!! Hi no Tori 2772: Ai no CosmoZone Muteki Robo Trider G7 Sonyeon 007 Eunhateukgongdae Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back Terra e... The Restaurant at the End of the Universe Timescape Uchuu Senkan Yamato III Uchuu Senshi Baldios Uchuu Taitei God Sigma Ulysses 31 Pilot Yamato yo Towa ni 21 Emon Uchuu e Irasshai! Computer Obaachan Downbelow Station Ginga Senpuu Braiger Mobile Suit Gundam I Mobile Suit Gundam II: Soldiers of Sorrow Rokushin Gattai GodMars Sayonara Ginga Tetsudou 999: Andromeda Shuuchakueki Space Cobra Pilot Uchuu Densetsu Ulysses 31 Uchuu Senshi Baldios (Movie) 2010: Odyssey Two Macross Android Andromeda Stories Blade Runner Densetsu Kyojin Ideon: Hatsudou-hen Densetsu Kyojin Ideon: Sesshoku-hen Foundation's Edge Ginga Patrol PJ Ginga Tetsudou 999: Shounen no Tabidachi to Wakare Kagaku Kyuujo-tai Techno Voyager Kikou Kantai Dairugger XV Life, the Universe and Everything Merchanter's Luck Mobile Suit Gundam III: Encounters in Space Rokushin Gattai GodMars (1982) Space Adventure Cobra Space Cobra Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Super Majingga 3 Super Samchongsa Waga Seishun no Arcadia Waga Seishun no Arcadia: Mugen Kidou SSX The Right Stuff Cheorin Samchongsa Crusher Joe
Space exploration Space exploration Colonization Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Artificial intelligence Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Dystopia Alien invasion Human development Galactic empire Dystopia Dystopia Human development Alien invasion Alien invasion Alien invasion Galactic empire Alien invasion Space exploration Artificial intelligence Dystopia Dystopia Human development Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Alien invasion Artificial intelligence Alien invasion Artificial intelligence Human development Cyberpunk Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Galactic empire Space exploration Galactic empire Galactic empire Artificial intelligence Galactic empire Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Space exploration
Culture Socio-culture Energy Culture Socio-culture Social Culture Social Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Energy Energy Social Social Culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Social Culture Socio-culture Culture Social Energy Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Social Culture Culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Social Socio-culture
A A A N A M A A A M A A A A M M N N A A A A M A A A A A A A A M A A N A A A N A N A N M M M A N A A A N N A A A A A A A A
1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987
Eunhajeonseol Tera Ginga Hyouryuu Vifam Gold Pencil And Alien Boy Refugee Soukou Kihei Votoms Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi Uchuu Senkan Yamato: Kanketsu-hen Uju Jeonsa Hong Gildong Macross: Do You Remember Love? 2010: The Year We Make Contact Bulsajo Robot Phoenix King Juusenki L-Gaim Sei Juushi Bismarck SF Shinseiki Lensman Star Trek III: The Search for Spock The Noah's Ark Principle The Peace War Eon Aoki Ryuusei SPT Layzner Arei no Kagami: Way to the Virgin Space Cosmo Police Justy Doraemon Movie 06: Nobita no Little Star Wars Enemy Mine Ginga Hyouryuu Vifam: Kieta 12-nin Micro Teukgongdae Diatron 5 Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam Mujeokcheorin Rambot Ninja Senshi Tobikage Nora Odin: Koushi Hansen Starlight 11-nin Iru! Aliens Aoki Ryuusei SPT Layzner OVA Cosmos Pink Shock Foundation and Earth Gall Force 1: Eternal Story Juusenki L-Gaim I: Pentagona Window + Lady Gavlet Machine Robo: Cronos no Dai Gyakushuu Marooned in Realtime Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ Robots and Empire Roots Search: Shokushin Buttai X Space Winners SpaceCamp Star Crystal Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home The Humanoid: Ai no Wakusei Lezeria The Ragged Astronauts Twinkle Heart: Gingakei made Todokanai Uchuu no Uta Wonder Beat Scramble 2061: Odyssey Three Consider Phlebas Gall Force 2: Destruction Good Morning Althea Hell Target Hi no Tori: Uchuu-hen Juusenki L-Gaim II: Farewell My Lovely + Pentagona Dolls Kikou Senki Dragonar Lily C.A.T. MAPS: Densetsu no Samayoeru Seijin-tachi
Alien invasion Alien invasion Alien invasion Dystopia Dystopia Galactic empire Alien invasion Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Human development Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Galactic empire Alien invasion Alien invasion Alien invasion Human development Space exploration Alien invasion Alien invasion Colonization Space exploration Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Human development Galactic empire Alien invasion Human development Human development Artificial intelligence Alien invasion Dystopia Space exploration Alien invasion Space exploration Artificial intelligence Dystopia Human development Space exploration Alien invasion Human development Alien invasion Human development Human development Alien invasion Dystopia Galactic empire Galactic empire Human development Human development
Social Social Culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Culture Social Energy Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Social Culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Energy Culture Social Culture Culture Social Social Energy Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Social Social Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Social Culture Energy Socio-culture Social Social Socio-culture Culture
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1987 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994
Ouritsu Uchuugun: Honneamise no Tsubasa Human development Space Fantasia 2001 Nights Space exploration The Legacy of Heorot Colonization Transformers: The☆Headmasters Human development Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu: Waga Yuku wa Hoshi no Taikai Galactic empire Gall Force 3: Stardust War Human development Guy: Youma Kakusei Space exploration Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack Human development Rokushin Gattai GodMars: Juunana-sai no Densetsu Alien invasion Ten Little Gall Force Human development Top wo Nerae! Gunbuster Human development Uchuu no Senshi Alien invasion 2020 Nyeon Ujuui Wonder Kiddy Space exploration Arena Human development Choujuu Kishin Dancougar: Hakunetsu no Shuushou Alien invasion Ishii Hisaichi no Nanda Kanda Gekijou Space exploration Komatsu Sakyo Anime Gekijou Space exploration Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket Human development Star Trek V: The Final Frontier Space exploration The Boat of a Million Years Space exploration Venus Senki Terraforming Earth Human development Fujiko F. Fujio: Sukoshi Fushigi Tanpen Theater Space exploration Robot Visions Artificial intelligence Total Recall Alien invasion Uchuu Senkan Yamato Pilot Film Alien invasion 21 Emon Space exploration Barrayar Human development Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory Human development Mobile Suit Gundam F91 Human development Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Space exploration Taabou no Ryuuguusei Daitanken Space exploration The Dark Beyond the Stars Space exploration Ultraman Kids: Haha wo Tazunete 3000-man Kounen Space exploration Xenocide Alien invasion Red Mars Terraforming 21 Emon Uchuu ike! Hadashi no Princess Space exploration A Fire Upon the Deep Human development Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu Gaiden: Ougon no Tsubasa Galactic empire Macross II: Lovers Again Alien invasion Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory - The Mayfly of Space Human development Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: The Fading Light of Zeon Human development Star Dust Space exploration Tenchi Muyou! Ryououki Galactic empire Uchuu no Kishi Tekkaman Blade Alien invasion Al Caral no Isan Space exploration Big Wars: Kami Utsu Akaki Kouya ni Alien invasion Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu: Arata Naru Tatakai no Overture Galactic empire Green Mars Dystopia Magma Taishi Alien invasion Mobile Suit Victory Gundam Human development Musekinin Kanchou Tylor Space exploration Ryuuseiki Gakusaver Alien invasion The Rediscovery of Man: The Complete Short Science Fiction of Cordwainer Smith Human development Bounty Dog: Getsumen no Ibu Human development Cosmic Fantasy: Ginga Mehyou no Wana Human development Ginga Sengoku Gunyuuden Rai Galactic empire Iria: Zeiram The Animation Space exploration Macross 7 Alien invasion Macross Plus Artificial intelligence Maps Human development
Socio-culture Energy Culture Culture Social Social Culture Social Culture Social Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Energy Culture Socio-culture Social Culture Social Social Social Culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Culture Social Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Social Social Culture Culture Culture Culture
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Mobile Fighter G Gundam Musekinin Kanchou Tylor OVA Oira Uchuu no Tankoufu Permutation City Remake Tenchi Muyou! Ryououki 2nd Season Tenchi Muyou!: Galaxy Police Mihoshi Space Adventure Uchuu no Kishi Tekkaman Blade II Yamato Takeru Apollo 13 Macross 7 Encore Macross 7 Plus Macross Plus Movie Edition Mobile Suit Gundam Wing Tenchi Muyou! Tenchi Muyou! Ryououki 2nd Season Picture Drama The Time Ships Yamato Takeru: After War Advancer Tina After War Gundam X Blue Mars Gall Force: The Revolution Hellraiser: Bloodline Hoshizora no Orgel Kidou Senkan Nadesico Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Operation Meteor Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie Remnant Population Star Trek: First Contact Starplex Tenchi Muyou! in Love The Reality Dysfunction Ultraman: Chou Toushi Gekiden - Suisei Senjin Tsuifon Toujou 3001: The Final Odyssey Contact Event Horizon Hakugei Densetsu Macross Dynamite 7 Mission to Mir Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz Next Senki Ehrgeiz Out of the Present Starship Troopers Tenchi Muyou! Manatsu no Eve The Fifth Element Cowboy Bebop Armageddon AWOL Cowboy Bebop: Yose Atsume Blues Dark City Factoring Humanity Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu Gaiden Ginga Tetsudou 999: Eternal Fantasy Kidou Senkan Nadesico: The Prince of Darkness Lost Universe Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz Movie Queen Emeraldas Seihou Bukyou Outlaw Star Spaceship Agga Ruter Blue Gender Chou Seimeitai Transformers Beast Wars Neo
Human development Space exploration Space exploration Cyberpunk Dystopia Galactic empire Galactic empire Alien invasion Colonization Space exploration Alien invasion Alien invasion Artificial intelligence Human development Galactic empire Galactic empire Human development Colonization Alien invasion Apocalyptic Dystopia Human development Human development Space exploration Colonization Human development Space exploration Colonization Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Human development Alien invasion Dystopia Space exploration Space exploration Human development Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Colonization Space exploration Colonization Galactic empire Human development Cyberpunk Space exploration Space exploration Cyberpunk Dystopia Human development Galactic empire Space exploration Colonization Space exploration Human development Space exploration Space exploration Human development Alien invasion Alien invasion
Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Energy Culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Energy Social Culture Social Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Culture Culture Energy Culture Culture Social Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Energy Social Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Energy
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1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002
Doraemon Movie 20: Nobita no Uchuu Hyouryuuki Galaxy Quest Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu Gaiden (1999) Harlock Saga: Nibelung no Yubiwa Kachou Ouji Melty Lancer Mugen no Ryvius Seihou Tenshi Angel Links Seikai no Monshou Sol Bianca: Taiyou no Fune Turn A Gundam Virus Revelation Space Cosmonaut Keep Fortress 2: Re-Entry Gear Fighter Dendoh Maetel Legend Megami Kouhosei Mission to Mars Mugen no Ryvius: Light Pitch Black Seihou Tenshi Angel Links: Meifon no Special Kaisetsu Corner Seikai no Danshou: Tanjou Seikai no Monshou Special Seikai no Senki Space Travelers The Animation Titan A.E. Top wo Nerae! Gunbuster Specials Vandread Cowboy Bebop: Tengoku no Tobira Appleseed Chasm City Cosmo Warrior Zero Gakuen Senki Muryou Geneshaft Gundam Evolve Gundam Neo Experience 0087: Green Divers Planet of the Apes Seikai no Senki II Seikai no Senki Special Vandread: Taidou-hen Vandread: The Second Stage Zone of the Enders: 2167 Idolo Zone of the Enders: Dolores, I Solaris Altered Carbon Blue Gender: The Warrior Chindi Coyote Evolution Ginga Tetsudou 999 (ONA) Ginga Tetsudou 999 for Planetarium Hoshi no Koe Jason X Megami Kouhosei Special Curriculum Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Sentou Yousei Yukikaze Space Pirate Captain Herlock: Outside Legend - The Endless Odyssey Space Station 3D The Golden Age The Minority Report
Colonization Space exploration Galactic empire Human development Alien invasion Galactic empire Colonization Human development Human development Space exploration Colonization Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Space exploration Alien invasion Human development Colonization Space exploration Colonization Space exploration Human development Human development Human development Human development Alien invasion Apocalyptic Human development Human development Cyberpunk Artificial intelligence Human development Artificial intelligence Alien invasion Human development Human development Human development Human development Human development Human development Human development Human development Colonization Colonization Space exploration Cyberpunk Alien invasion Space exploration Colonization Human development Space exploration Space exploration Human development Space exploration Colonization Human development Human development Human development Space exploration Dystopia Cyberpunk
Social Culture Social Social Culture Social Culture Energy Socio-culture Culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Energy Social Social Socio-culture Energy Culture Energy Energy Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Culture Social Social
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The Speed of Dark Trava: Fist Planet Turn A Gundam I Movie: Earth Light Turn A Gundam II Movie: Moonlight Butterfly Vandread: Gekitou-hen Xevious Young Herlock wo Oe! Cosmo Warrior Zero Gaiden Planetes Divergence Eve Ginga Tetsudou Monogatari Redemption Ark Singularity Sky Uchuu no Stellvia Boukyaku no Senritsu Dai Yamato Zero-go Divergence Eve 2: Misaki Chronicles Kurau Phantom Memory Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: The Hidden One Year War Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny Mobile Suit Gundam SEED MSV Astray Pandora's Star Polaris The Algebraist The Day After Tomorrow Top wo Nerae 2! Diebuster Uchuu Koukyoushi Maetel: Ginga Tetsudou 999 Gaiden Old Man's War Accelerando Astro Boy: Tetsuwan Atom - 10-man Kounen no Raihousha - IGZA Judas Unchained Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny Final Plus: The Chosen Future Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam: A New Translation - Heir to the Stars Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam: A New Translation II - Lovers Seeker Seikai no Senki III Serenity Soratobu Toshi Keikaku Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith Starship Operators Wakusei Daikaiju Negadon Xenosaga The Animation Blindsight Ginga Tetsudou Monogatari: Eien e no Bunkiten Ginga Tetsudou Monogatari: Wasurerareta Toki no Wakusei Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam: A New Translation III - Love Is the Pulse of the Stars Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles Seihou Bukyou Outlaw Star Pilot Soukou no Strain The Android's Dream Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Sunshine Terra e... (TV) Heroic Age Macross F: Close Encounter - Deculture Edition Moonlight Mile 1st Season: Lift Off Moonlight Mile 2nd Season: Touch Down Rocket Girls Soukou Kihei Votoms: Pailsen Files The Dreaming Void The Last Colony The Perfect
Human development Space exploration Colonization Colonization Human development Human development Human development Human development Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Cyberpunk Apocalyptic Alien invasion Alien invasion Space exploration Human development Human development Human development Human development Space exploration Space exploration Artificial intelligence Apocalyptic Human development Space exploration Colonization Cyberpunk Human development Space exploration Human development Human development Human development Colonization Human development Artificial intelligence Human development Galactic empire Colonization Alien invasion Apocalyptic Artificial intelligence Space exploration Space exploration Human development Artificial intelligence Space exploration Dystopia Artificial intelligence Human development Apocalyptic Dystopia Space exploration Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Dystopia Space exploration Colonization Human development
Culture Culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Social Culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Social Culture Energy Social Social Social Socio-culture Culture Social Culture Culture Culture Energy Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Social Social Social Socio-culture Social Energy Social Social Culture Energy Energy Energy Social Social Social Social
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2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013
Macross F WALL-E Cobra The Animation: The Psycho-Gun Dante 01 Dragonaut: The Resonance - Kotou - Tozasareta Kyousoo House of Suns Marsbound Mugen Kouro The Temporal Void Tytania Macross F Movie 1: Itsuwari no Utahime Moon Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann Movie 2: Lagann-hen Avatar Bohemian Rhapsody Cobra The Animation: Time Drive Keroro Gunsou: KeroZero Shupattsudayo! Zeninshuugou! Mobile Suit Gundam Battlefield Record: Avant-Title Pandorum Ring of Gundam Sora wo Kakeru Shoujo Soukou Kihei Votoms: Pailsen Files Movie Star Trek The Evolutionary Void Uchuu Senkan Yamato: Fukkatsu-hen Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn Mobile Suit Gundam 00 The Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer The Lifecycle of Software Objects The Quantum Thief Uchuu Show e Youkoso Macross F Movie 2: Sayonara no Tsubasa Chikyuu wo Mitsumete Embassytown Leviathan Wakes Love Mobile Suit Gundam AGE Norageki! Ready Player One Robopocalypse Vortex Caliban's war The Martian Uchuu Kyoudai Uchuu Senkan Yamato 2199 2312 Blue Remembered Earth Macross FB7: Ore no Uta wo Kike! Mouretsu Pirates Nexus PES: Peace Eco Smile Prometheus Reshirts Starship Troopers: Invasion The Hydrogen Sonata Uchuu Kyoudai: Apo's Dream Wool Gravity Abaddon's Gate Ancillary Justice Captain Herlock DPR Special Movie
Alien invasion Human development Space exploration Human development Alien invasion Human development Colonization Space exploration Human development Galactic empire Alien invasion Human development Human development Colonization Space exploration Space exploration Alien invasion Human development Colonization Human development Colonization Dystopia Space exploration Human development Alien invasion Human development Human development Artificial intelligence Dystopia Space exploration Alien invasion Alien invasion Colonization Space exploration Space exploration Human development Human development Dystopia Artificial intelligence Apocalyptic Galactic empire Colonization Space exploration Alien invasion Colonization Human development Alien invasion Galactic empire Cyberpunk Space exploration Space exploration Space exploration Colonization Dystopia Space exploration Dystopia Space exploration Human development Galactic empire Human development Space exploration
Culture Energy Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Energy Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Social Social Social Social Social Culture Culture Social Social Social Culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Social Culture Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Energy Culture Energy Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Energy Social Culture Social Energy
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2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017
Elysium Cyberpunk Ender's Game Alien invasion Europa Report Space exploration Ginga Kikoutai Majestic Prince Human development Kakumeiki Valvrave Colonization Kakumeiki Valvrave 2nd Season Colonization Oblivion Apocalyptic Proxima Colonization Shift Human development Star Trek Into Darkness Space exploration Interstellar Apocalyptic Captain Earth Alien invasion Echopraxia Space exploration Ginga Tetsudou 999: Akai Hoshi Betelgeuze - Inochi no Kagayaki Space exploration Guardians of the Galaxy Space exploration Gundam: G no Reconguista Human development Moonrakers Space exploration Mouretsu Pirates: Abyss of Hyperspace Galactic empire Nemure Omoi Ko, Sora no Shitone ni Human development Sidonia no Kishi Space exploration Space Station 76 Space exploration Space☆Dandy Space exploration Terra Formars Colonization The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet Space exploration Uchuu Kyoudai: Number Zero Space exploration Uchuu Senkan Yamato 2199: Hoshimeguru Hakobune Alien invasion Uchuu Senkan Yamato 2199: Tsuioku no Koukai Alien invasion Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans Human development Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin Human development The Martian Colonization 51 Degrees North Apocalyptic Aldnoah.Zero Human development Aurora Colonization Children of Time Space exploration Doraemon Movie 35: Nobita no Space Heroes Human development Golden Son Dystopia Gundam: G no Reconguista - From the Past to the Future Human development Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt Human development Seveneves Human development Sidonia no Kishi Movie Space exploration Sidonia no Kishi: Daikyuu Wakusei Seneki Space exploration Star Wars: The Force Awakens Galactic empire UFO Gakuen no Himitsu Alien invasion A Beautiful Planet Space exploration A Closed and Common Orbit Artificial intelligence Crayon Shin-chan Gaiden: Alien vs. Shinnosuke Space exploration Ginga Kikoutai Majestic Prince Movie: Kakusei no Idenshi Human development Ginga Kikoutai Majestic Prince: Mirai e no Tsubasa Human development Gingirl Space exploration Macross Δ Human development Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory Picture Drama - The Mayfly of Space Human 2 development Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt: December Sky Human development Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn RE:0096 Human development Morning Star Dystopia Passengers Colonization Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Galactic empire Star Trek Beyond Space exploration Terra Formars: Revenge Colonization Uchuu Patrol Luluco Colonization We are Legion Dystopia All Systems Red Artificial intelligence
Social Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Socio-culture Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Social Social Social Socio-culture Culture Energy Socio-culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Social Social Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Energy Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Culture Culture Social Social Social Social Energy Socio-culture Culture Socio-culture Culture Social Culture
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2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019
Artemis ēlDLIVE Geostorm ID-0 Life Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt: Bandit Flower Mobile Suit Gundam: Twilight Axis Mobile Suit Gundam: Twilight Axis - Akaki Zan-ei Musekinin Galaxy☆Tylor Salyut-7 Star Wars: The Last Jedi The Collapsing Empire Uchuu Senkan Yamato 2202: Ai no Senshi-tachi Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets First Man Artificial Condition Exit Strategy Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu: Die Neue These - Kaikou High Life Macross Δ Movie: Gekijou no Walküre Mobile Suit Gundam NT Record of a Spaceborn Few Terra Formars: Earth-hen The Cloverfield Paradox Tik Tik Tik Uchuu no Hou: Reimei-hen Uchuu Senkan Tiramisù Kanata no Astra Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin - Advent of the Red Comet Ad Astra Doraemon Movie 39: Nobita no Getsumen Tansaki Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu: Die Neue These Gundam: G no Reconguista Movie I - Ike! Core Fighter Io RobiHachi
[Figure 22] Full record for compiled data of fictional materials on excel sheet.
The detailed study for advanced selected fictions is demonstrated in Section III::(b).
Colonization Human development Human development Human development Space exploration Human development Human development Human development Space exploration Space exploration Galactic empire Galactic empire Alien invasion Space exploration Space exploration Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence Galactic empire Space exploration Human development Human development Artificial intelligence Colonization Human development Human development Alien invasion Human development Space exploration Human development Space exploration Colonization Galactic empire Human development Apocalyptic Space exploration
Energy Culture Social Social Socio-culture Social Social Social Culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Socio-culture Social Culture Culture Culture Culture Social Culture Culture Social Culture Socio-culture Energy Social Culture Culture Culture Social Socio-culture Culture Social Social Socio-culture Culture
Analysis of Information
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Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Analysis of Information
(2) Physical characteristics and content of Astro-bodies within the Solar System
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This item followed the proposed methodology mentioned in Section II::(b)::i::(1) and II::(b)::i::(2). Data for planets was gathered in terms of planetary masses, their geographical and atmospheric structure; data for asteroids was gathered in terms of their typology defined in astrology, content and approximate distribution within the Solar System; temperatures and water content for both planets and asteroids were also studied for outer space hospitality. The above results and analysis were summarized and visualized in Section III::(b).
(3) Current world power production and resources transfer The power production and resources transfer were to visualize the current world system and aimed to provide a comparable ground for speculations.
a. Data i. Power The power production and their plant locations were extracted from dataset published on Resource Watch. “The Global Power Plant Database is an open-source open-access dataset of grid-scale (1 MW and greater) electricity generating facilities operating across the world. The Database currently contains nearly 30000 power plants in 164 countries, representing about 82% of the world’s capacity. Entries are at the facility level only, generally defined as a single transmission grid connection point.”
[Figure 23] Technical notes for “A Global Database of Power Plants” (Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. 2019. Global Power Plant Database., 2019).
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Analysis of Information
The CSV file in this database was imported on ArcMap 10.5.1 and visualized their plant locations in accordance to their latitudes and longitudes. Summarization of power plant primary fuel production and the sum of each primary fuel production capacity were manipulated and calculated by ArcMap tool “Field Calculator� afterwards.
the world shipping routes (shipping routes included flight and marine) and their intensity to contextualize the world resource distributions. The shipping routes dataset is a file in TIFF format, 32-bit float, World Mollweide projection and was extracted in metadata from The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. (Benjamin
Halpern, 2015) iii. Data compilation and manipulation First, the power plant locations were overlaid with the shipping route in ArcMap 10.5.1 and re-projected in Azimuthal Equidistance. There are two reasons for choosing Azimuthal Equidistance projection in
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ii. Resources The resource distribution in the current world system is complex and data gathering for each kind of primary material is impossible. Hence, the resource transfer data had been neglected the actual quantity of the resource production but showcased
[Figure 24] The raw shipping route dataset overlaid with 30-degree graticules in ArcMap 10.5.1.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Analysis of Information
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this case. (1) It provides better aesthetic in order to match with outer space speculations on later stage as three-dimensional outer space environment has no definite shape compared to the Earth, keeping the projection in spherical shape provides better consistency. (2) Given the first mentioned concern, the projection keeps the ‘lines’ of shipping routes continuously on paper in such the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere can be comparable with little sacrifice of showing all the shipping length, which is not the focus of the analysis.
Given there are considerable amount of power plant ‘points’, the visualization of power plant capacity from their actual locations is feasible but difficult for audiences to read. Therefore, an ultimate solution of projecting each power plant capacity to an ellipse from the center point was decided after trials. The final produced map is shown on Section III::(b) with item (4). (4) Astro-bodies within the Solar System (a) Mapping
Second, the capacity of primary fuel production was done in Rhino 6 with the help of Grasshopper scripting.
Information for Astrobodies contained over 10000 CSV files. For convenience, the working platform at this stage remained in ArcMap 10.5.1., it also helped to preserve necessary text strings with visual working environment. Merging all CSV files and plotting their XYZ coordination were lengthy and hence the process was done with a Python script. Data from ArcMap was exported into Rhino 6 for three-dimensional view.
[Figure 25] All Astro-bodies visualized in ArcMap, the inner ring is shown as the central clustered points.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
[Figure 26] Inner ring visualized in ArcMap, from Sol to Jovian Satellite system.
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[Figure 27] Points of Astro-bodies, 3-dimensional view in Rhino 6.
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[Figure 28] Name annotated for Astro-bodies, 3-dimensional view in Rhino 6.
Analysis of Information
The purpose of analyzing Astro-bodies in Rhino 6 was to study the possible operation time for asteroid mining in future survival network. Therefore, orbital paths of the Earth and Mars (regarded as the most discussed terraforming planet) were studied. The calculation of the operation time for one asteroid considered the relative distance between two points, the orbital cycle of the launching planet, and the travelling time for transferring mining materials.
by volumes. Since there is difference between the Earth’s and the Martian calendar (Earth = 365 days orbital cycle; Mars = 687 days orbital cycle), the result was annotated in the Earth’s calendar day for easier understanding.
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The method to achieve the final result was using parameters set in Grasshopper scripts, which reachable space defined by orbit paths and the location of planets within specific time frame was created and represented
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Analysis of Information
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[Figure 29] From top left to bottom right: Reachable distance of a spacecraft from the Earth within (a) 30 days; (b) 90 days; (c) 180 days; (d) 360 days; (e) 720 days; (f) 1080 days; (g) 1440 days; (h) 1800 days.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Analysis of Information
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[Figure 30] From top right to bottom left: Reachable distance of a spacecraft from Mars within (a) 30 days; (b) 90 days; (c) 180 days; (d) 360 days; (e) 720 days; (f) 1080 days; (g) 1440 days; (h) 1800 days
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[Figure 31] Time for asteroid mining operations was calculated by the reachable distance from the Earth and checked by coverage of the ‘travelling volume’.
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[Figure 32] Time for asteroid mining operations was calculated by the reachable distance from Mars and checked by coverage of the ‘travelling volume’.
Analysis of Information
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The basic coverage of asteroid mining area was analyzed and completed at this point. However, considered the actual performance of the survival network and cost of launching spacecraft, there should be nodes acting as interchange stations and mass transfer portal bringing materials back to the colonies. With the assumption of a minimal cost and return for extracting materials from one asteroid is 1 year, which in distance conversion (1 day = 130000 km, 365 days = 47450000 km = 0.317 AU) The final outcome of the analysis for Astro-bodies in the Solar System is documented in Section III::(b).
[Figure 33] Calculated operation time of asteroids with subnetwork of 1-year Astro-proximity.
Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Analysis of Information
[Figure 34] Zoom in view for 1-year Astroproximity subnetwork.
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Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
Fieldwork
ii - Fieldwork Field
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Most of the space missions are for scientific researches and military actions, there are only 576 people had been to the space up till this moment (included recent 2 astronauts launch by SpaceX to the ISS on May 30 2020 (Brian Dunbar, NASA, 2020), plus 574 people as defined in US Department of Defense classification (Wikipedia contributors, 2020)). There are only three companies that offer and will offer commercial space travel, all founded in the US. All the commercial space travels are priced for the rich, names of the companies and space
flight cost listed as follows. (Brett, 2019) (a)
Virgin Galactic: US $250,000
(b)
Blue Origin: US$ 200,000 $300,000
(c) NASA (ticket fly to and stay in ISS): US$ 350,000
Given the time for thesis construction and the cost for space flight, conducting fieldwork was infeasible. This thesis utilized software for space simulation and explored resources from NASA as substitutes to experience the outlook of the Zero-G in virtual reality. There are various space simulation
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programmes accessible to public, this thesis had selected three programmes each containing different features to conduct virtual fieldworks (VF). Materials extracted and captured in these programmes were also articulated in speculations and in the final film production, demonstrated on Section III::(b).
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VF – Orbiter 2016 [Figure 35] Spacecraft launching site simulated in Orbiter 2016.
99 “Orbiter is a freeware space flight simulator program developed to simulate spaceflight using realistic Newtonian physics. The simulator was released on 27 November 2000; the latest edition, labeled “Orbiter 2016”, was released on 30 August 2016, the first new version of the simulator since 2010. Orbiter was developed by Dr. Martin Schweiger, a senior research fellow in
the computer science department at University College London, who felt that space flight simulators at the time were lacking in realistic physics-based flight models, and decided to write a simulator that made learning physics concepts enjoyable.[4] It has been used as a teaching aid in classrooms, and a community of add-on developers have created a multitude of add-ons to allow users to fly assorted real and fictional spacecraft and add
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new planets or planetary systems.” (Wikipedia contributors, 2020)
Fieldwork
VF – Celestia 1.6.1 [Figure 36] A simulation of Earth rotation and orbit in Celestia, continents and cities are labelled.
100 “Celestia displays the Hipparcos Catalogue (HIP) of 118,322 stars and a compiled catalogue of galaxies. Celestia uses the VSOP87 theory of planetary orbits to provide a solar and lunar eclipse finder and to display the orbital paths of planets (including extrasolar planets), dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, artificial satellites, and spacecraft.
different speeds, and allow users to orbit stars, planets, moons, and other space objects, track space objects such as spacecraft, asteroids, and comets as they fly by, or travel to and/or fly through galaxies. Light time delay is an optional function.” (Wikipedia contributors, 2020)
Celestia allows users to navigate at
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Fieldwork
VF – SpaceEngine [Figure 35] Spacecraft launching site simulated in Orbiter 2016.
101 “SpaceEngine is a 1:1 scale sciencebased Universe simulator, featuring billions upon billions of galaxies, nebulae, stars, and planets, all shown at their full real-world scale. Explore Earth and our neighboring worlds in the Solar System, orbit a black hole in a galaxy billions of light-years away, or visit anything in between seamlessly, with no transitions. All of time and space are yours to
explore – cruise between the stars at a million times the speed of light, and accelerate time to watch the orbital motions of a thousand worlds play out before your eyes. Every planet you encounter in your journey will feature procedural 3D terrain with detailed textures. Everything you see in the sky – stars and galaxies, planets and moons, asteroids and comets, black holes and neutron stars, star clusters and nebulae – are yours to explore
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at the press of a button.” (Valve Corporation, 2020)
III b
PR
DESIGN ROPOSAL
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[Figure 38] Past imaginations of future outer space landscape in various published fictions, including novels, movies and anime, laid out as chronicle timeline with collages showing the most representable fiction within decades.
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i - The Design The Script Log Line A message from the future revealing the future past. Backstory
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This designed research visualization, seen as an archive of human perceptions towards the future, helping the audience to understand the history of future projections, which are closely related but often ignored in our landscape field. At the top, the timeline of the fictions is first categorized into different genres, then subcategorized into aspects relating to human developments. Whereas
at the bottom, astronomy history, selected fiction review and annotations are demonstrated in form of a collaged chronicle. It is not surprised that the creation of fictions has been closely related to the occurrence of historical events and space launching programme. Although fictions have been selective by criteria mentioned in Section II::(b)::i::(4), the linkage of that relationship can still observable in the result. (a) In 1930s, at the period in between the World Wars (WWI and WWII), fictions were more about social structures and imaginations of alien adventures.
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(b) In 1940s, fictions shifted to more anthropology related topics after the WWII and the record of publications were the least among years. (c) In 1950s, the new space chapter began after the succession of V-2 rocket MW 18014 mission in 1949, space exploration related fictions started to bloom at this period. There were more focuses on space living environment imaginations and fantasies to colonize alien planets, incubated the well-known Foundation Trilogy by Isaac Asimov and emergence hard science fictions (Hard Sci-Fi)17 to 1960s. (d)
In 1970s, the first
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glimpses of planets nearby the Earth were captured by space probes. These captures of the planets, nevertheless provoked curiosities and imaginations for fictions, lead to the rise of alien discovery fantasies and humankind reactions. (e) In 1980s, the technology development was boosted with the ongoing wrestling between two superpowers. Though the genres of fictions basically followed the trend of the 70s and resulted in the increase numbers of Hard Sci-Fi, anthropology concerns were returned with instability socio-political environment in the late 80s.
(f) After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the focus of countries laid on reshaping their economic structure and hence the social tension was softened in the relative peaceful world. Reflected on fictions, the genres were diversified and depended on the interest of individual authors, the trend has been continued up to this moment. These fictions, each of them may only hold 10-15% of the content describing the actual ‘landscape’, clearly demonstrated the reactions and reflections towards environmental changes and global development. Though none of the plots is solely about the practice
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in our field, the context behind it and its articulation of materials is indeed very much ‘landscaped’ and landscape related.
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[Figure 39] Zoom in view of the categorizations of fictional materials. Left is the legend for each category.
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[Figure 40] Zoom in view of the fiction review. The example shows the scene extracted from famous film The Martian and its quotes related to space colonization.
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[Figure 41] The timeline for humanity and landscape development and its speculation in future. The speculations are supported with detailed diagrammatic circuits for the Space Odysseys after apocalyptic condition on Earth.
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[Figure 42] Zoom in view of the World System panel. The correlation between humanity and landscape development is outlined with a line graph showing the fluctuations of the global temperature in the past.
[Figure 43] Zoom in view of the World System panel. Here, the speculation is following the development of the mentioned two topics and projecting possible string which humankind may encounter in the future.
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Structure Since the thesis starts with a speculative thought of the Earth facing catastrophic conditions and no longer be the ideal habitable place for humanity, the second step of the thesis rethinks the habitat on the Earth as a system.
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The future of landscape in different aspects of humanity is the core of the thesis. Therefore, the landscape literacy and humanity development have been mapped out in timeline format as a result from previous research work and they provide defined frameworks to support the speculative system diagrams. The timeline describes the two correlated
developments, starting from Palaeolithic to modern world and from the modern world to speculation in Space Odysseys. Here, the echo between the past landscape and human development is drawn as to outline the built-up concepts of nowadays landscape architecture. Similarly, the speculation of the landscape and humanity development is following the set-up strings provided and projects a dilution of landscape architecture in outer space environment as a result. Treatment Following the speculation in the outer space landscape, 4 diagrams describing world system in time of 2050, 2150, 2300 and 3500 are used
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[Figure 44] A portrait of Howard T. Odum, an American Ecologist, 1924-2002. (AIBS, 2020)
to better explain the correlation among various components. Diagrams are in much the same way to American ecologist Howard Odum’s work: the system dynamics, and the ecology as system, as method for founding a baseline for onward analysis and speculations. In Odum’s diagrams, natural processes and matters in the society are
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translated into different elements in circuit-like diagrams, explaining the correlations between subjects and their transfers within a designated boundary. These system diagrams are able to illustrate multidirectional loops and can be regarded as an open network which received external forces beyond the defined boundaries. The value of these diagrams is reflected on their ability to draw interrelationships between different natural elements and in some cases quantified the transferring processes to provide logical explanations within the system. Hence, the derivative risks and opportunities can be understood by the others in manageable materials.
115 [Figure 45] Diagram of an environmental system with use of symbols of the energy circuit language. (Magus Ramage, 2020)
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[Figure 46] An overview of the speculative system diagrams in 4 designated age.
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Breaking the Story
systems.
In respect of the system dynamics, the objective of the series of world system diagrams was never to reproduce the reality on paper but to demonstrate the necessary elements for constructing our living environment, which in this case the ‘habitat’ supporting our daily life. Starting with the planetary forces as the origin generator; key components such as technology by the humankind and the climate as ‘Central Processing Units’, the performance of inputting and outputting ‘circuitry’ to essential components defined as ‘resources’ and ‘energy’ is represented by directional circuits and ultimately forming ‘closed circuitry’ as to explain the looping processes within sub-
This formulated current world system diagram is the first matrix deriving the latter three speculative system in space era as in given developing factors stated on the timeline, the projection for transformation and hybrid of components has taken these factors and imagining the final structural outlook by giving assumptions in different stages. Hence, the overall structure of diagrams may remain in closed loops, but they in fact each describe a different reality as the internal circuitry and connections of various elements are redefined. Here, we must also understand the fact that there is no single absolute future in the B theory of
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time and the Big Bubble theory, as the past, present and different future coexist and are equally real. The system diagrams are done based on logical thoughts and careful considerations, however, also speculative and designated to showcase one stream of the ‘string’/ ‘bubbles’ in future.
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[Figure 47] World System diagram in time of 2050.
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[Figure 48] World System diagram in time of 2150.  
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[Figure 49] World System diagram in time of 2300.
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[Figure 50] World System diagram in time of 3500.
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Theme The Survival Network
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“The survival network is describing the expansion of the living space in a constant moving state with principles to specific destinated nodes. The term is responding to the von Neumann probe. The theory raised an idea of creating self-replicating spacecraft for humankind in interstellar traveling. The scale of the model, however, regarded excessive in space migration processes. The survival network is used to rethink the topic in landscape architecture and planning perspectives, counter proposed a dynamic design growing with time.� (Yuen, 2020) Events The first diagram in time of 2050, explains the
increase influences of climatic changes to energy generations and resource extraction processes. The second habitat as the manmade living circle we have created on Earth is still providing hospitable space with our technological improvements in infrastructures. The daily operations and commodities at this stage nevertheless contribute to economy which further drive technological developments and strengthen the expansion of the second habitat. In such, the diagram is projecting the current situation into the near future where humanity consuming the Earth whilst struggling. The second diagram in time of 2150, illustrates the multi-dysfunction
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of various components on Earth due to extreme climates. Climatic changes destroyed the wild first habitat and affected resource and energy production, which causing losses in the second habitat. Destructive contraction in rural and suburban areas without proper protection and contingencies detonate ethic crisis, and soon the situation spreads to the urban area. Humans are forced to eject from calamitous second habitat to outer space. The third habitat, where in zero gravity environment is set up as an atelier for humanity. The energy and resources on Earth are hence gradually transferring into the third habitat and the moon to construct a more stable hospitality. This insecure
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situation encourages humanity to explore and exploit other places within the Galaxy. The third diagram in time of 2300, speculates completion of the primer of outer space survival network which resource and energy are gathered from asteroids. Through the lengthy journey of exile, the posthumanity comes to its 8th generation. Human bodies have long been affected by the low gravity space and resulted in changing physical characteristics, the degenerated strength is aided by Artificial Intelligence and artefacts. Hence, humankinds begin to create permanent hospitality on the fourth habitat, terraforming favourable cosmic bodies within the galaxy. In this
period of interplanetary travel convention, elite classes are powered by the key to innovation of technology to be the pioneers on colonial planets. The fourth diagram in time of 3500, with the unbreakable relationship between human, technology and the Artificial Intelligence, the fourth habitat has finally settled and developed alike the former style in the second habitat. The third habitat in vacuum space has transformed into one of the large hubs for interchanging exploited materials from other Astro-bodies to the base on the fourth habitat. The humanity enters a new era and shakes off the identity of space refugees.
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A complete system is speculated to be successful for supporting the development of the fourth habitat and humanity, while leaving an open-ended imagination for the future to the audiences.
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Site Scouting After designing the future world’s system in time, framework of the human survival network in space was then studied. Analysis had been done for the masses within our galaxy (such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Ceres, Europa, etc.).
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Examination of their geographical and atmospheric conditions and components was drawn for the future survival network. Essential considerations such as water content and temperatures for different bodies were also studied to speculate the feasible extent of the survival network. Since there is no planet contained similar
geographical and atmospheric features with the Earth, the attention of this illustration shall be drawn to the water content of the moons and mineral content on different typology of asteroids. The water content on Earth is about 1.38 billion trillion Liters, represented as a cube on the drawing. Other bodies within the Solar System contain water bodies are Mars, Ceres, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede, Titan and Enceladus. The mentioned Jovian and Saturnian moons each preserved at least 1000 times of water volume than that on Earth, they will undoubtedly crown as the most strategic locations for continuation of humanity in outer space.
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[Figure 51] An illustrative diagram for planet characteristics and necessities for humanity. Explaining how the survival network can be formed.
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The typology of asteroids can be classified into 3, the S-type, the M-type and the C-Type. The quantity of S-type asteroids dominates the other types and are locating in the inner ring of the asteroid belt, whereas the M-type and C-type asteroids are nearby the Jovian and Saturnian orbits. Valuable metal elements such as nickel, iron and silicate rock are primitive elements for constructing future spacecrafts and space settlements, during our exiling period, asteroids will become ‘forests’ and ‘mines’ in the dark space. Therefore, with the previous speculative time nodes stated on the development timeline, the extent of the survival network was highlighted on paper which its width
represented the time and length represented the extent in relation to the scaled location map.
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[Figure 52] An isometric drawing illustrating the survival network with energy and resource transfers in different stages, designated time nodes were drawn in different scale and outlining the network volume in grey.
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Based on the previous speculative system diagrams and analysis, survival networks were mapped out following the set time frames. The transfer lines represented on map in colour gradient from yellow to green showing the intensity of which resources and energy movement in between two location points. The actual moving path of the spacecraft required professional knowledge in Astrophysics and parameters in Mechanical Engineering. This drawing however, not done by someone specialized in the above fields, and not aimed to demonstrate absolute reality but to contextualize the speculations by visual
medium. In avoidance of doubt, the limitation of this drawing must be acknowledged and clarified. Locations of Astro-bodies were imported into Rhino 6 and there were over 10000 points recorded in the file. Annotations of names for each point though feasible and was completed, it was difficult for audiences to read each of them as annotations were overlapped severely in all kind of projections in this world. Although the drawing itself may look complex and abstract on the first sight, none of the illustrations is irrational and done without careful thoughts. Hence, the objectives of the scaled drawings were to (1) offer an
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overall picture for spatial relationship between points and their linkages, as a way to supplement the abstract circuit diagrams on previous drawings; (2) preliminary speculate the most reachable asteroid mining sites and the sequence of interplanetary travel in a relatively rational principle; (3) raise the notion of the Survival Network defined and mentioned in previous sections. Thus, a sampled area of the survival network was drawn upon as a method to clearly explain the structure of mining processes. The mining operational
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designated period;
(2)
Conversion from distance to time in regard of the Earth’s calendar;
(3)
Deduction of traveling time for arrival and return.
Sub-network and interchange were defined as follows. (1)
[Figure 53] Sample area of the asteroid mining stations within the survival network. Annotations were given to the positioning and roles for asteroids for easy understanding, not the actual name in astronomy.
Conversion of 1 year to distance;
time was calculated as follows.
(2) Grouping of points in 1- year proximity;
(1)
(3) A single point which has the highest nodes, as the interchange for each sub-network groups.
Distance between asteroid and colonial planet in relation to reachable volume within a
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[Figure 54] 2050 and 2150 World System diagrams in spatial configuration.
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[Figure 55] 2300 World System diagram in spatial configuration.
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[Figure 56] 3500 World System diagram in spatial configuration.
PLOT
[Figure 57] The Plot – 1 drafting process.
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Parallel Story::1 Early Project Mercury flight food: food tube and dry bite-sized snacks with a gelatin coating, which was necessary to control crumbling.
Gemini meal wrap.
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Sample types of food that have been dehydrated and packaged in cellophane for use by Gemini astronauts.
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A close-up view of an Apollo spoon bowl package before re-hydration and opening. This package was called a “spoon bowl� to differentiate it from Gemini and early Apollo food packages, which required that food be squeezed from a tube directly into the mouth. This type of package resulted in significant improvements in food consumption and crew comfort with food. Hot water was injected to rehydrate the food. The top of the container was opened with a pair of scissors, and the meal was eaten with a spoon. These Apollo spoon bowl parts show the complexity and engineering that went into the earlier years of space flight food packaging.
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This Skylab food tray had individual recessed compartments into which the canned food item was placed for heating. At meal time, the crew member selected the meal and placed the items to be warmed in the food tray.
Skylab Astronaut Owen K. Garriott eating in dining area.
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Russian space food.
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Prepared foods on Shuttle food trays Velcroed to middeck stowage lockers.
STS-91 on-board view: Astronaut Dominic Gorie prepares a meal on the mid-deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. Gorie prepares to use the nearby galley to add water to one of the rehydratable packages.
149 STS-91 on-board view: Astronaut Dominic Gorie prepares a meal on the mid-deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. Gorie prepares to use the nearby galley to add water to one of the rehydratable packages.
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Station food tray (frozen food).
Food on the Space Shuttle comes in several categories. Represented here are: thermostabilized, intermediate moisture, rehydratable, natural form, and beverage.
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[Figure 58] The Plot – 1 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “SPACE FOOD AND NUTRITION - An Educator’s Guide With Activities in Science and Mathematics”, 1999. Public Domain EG-1999-02-115-HQ.
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Zero-G Field Livestock Breeding – When Meat Becomes One of the Commodities
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“Space Butchers” Ecclesiastes 9:7 “Go, eat your food with gladness, and drink your wine with a joyful heart, for God has already approved what you do.” The manufacturing chains of food production have been grounded on Earth, companies like Wyle Laboratories provide space food for astronauts during their 3-6 months missions. The current “Foods-cape” is detached from outer space environment where the process of acquiring, preparing and gathering food is all completed on Earth. The separation of foods-cape horizons between the space and the Earth will be broken when humanity started its mass migration in history. The variety of food manufacturing in space will be demanded by wide range of ethnics with different socio-cultural palettes. The meat consumption, for instance, bring up questions of how livestock be farmed in zero gravity and related technical and ethical issues. With the limitation of space, how livestock share their habitat with human beings? Facing the problem of lacking exercises, how do we sustain the quality of meat? Will EMS (Electrical Muscles Stimulations) be the future paradigm of farming livestock? What “natural” means to us?
Digital Painting “Space Butchers”. Copyright © 2020 by Tony Yuen. All rights reserved.
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[Figure 60] The Plot – 2 drafting process.
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Parallel Story::2 This “super-resolution” view of asteroid Bennu was created using eight images obtained by NASA’s OSIRISREx spacecraft on Oct. 29, 2018, from a distance of about 205 miles (330 kilometers).
Artist’s impression of NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft encountering 2014 MU69, a Kuiper Belt object that orbits the Sun 1 billion miles (1.6 billion kilometers) beyond Pluto, on Jan. 1, 2019.
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has issued a request for proposal (RFP) seeking design, development and build of the robotic spacecraft that will capture a multi-ton asteroid boulder from deep space during the first segment of the agency’s Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM). The RFP is open to the four industry partners that previously completed conceptual designs of the spacecraft. This graphic depicts the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle conducting a flyby of its target asteroid. During these flybys, ARM would come within 0.6 miles (1 kilometer), generating imagery with resolution of up to 0.4 of an inch (1 centimeter) per pixel.
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Resource Prospector mission, which is in preformulation, aims to be the first mining expedition on another world. Using a suite of instruments to locate elements from a lunar polar region, the planned rover is designed to excavate volatiles. The Johnson Space Center RP rover team installs the drill on the RP15 Ground Test Unit.
The RP15 Ground Test Unit is fully integrated at the Johnson Space Center.
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The Resource Prospector prototype searches for a buried sample tube at the Johnson Space Center rock yard in August 2015.
Resource Prospector begins to drill the sample.
159 Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security - Regolith Explorer asteroid sample return mission (OSIRIS-REx), is the first U.S. mission to collect a sample of an asteroid and return it to Earth for study. The sample will help scientists understand the early solar system, as well as the hazards and resources of near-Earth space.
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During the sample collection event, Natural Feature Tracking (NFT) will guide NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to asteroid Bennu’s surface. The spacecraft takes real-time images of the asteroid’s surface features as it descends, and then compares these images with an on-board image catalog. The spacecraft then uses these geographical markers to orient itself and accurately target the touchdown site.
[Figure 61] The Plot – 2 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “OSIRIS-REx”, “Asteroids”, “Solar System and Beyond”, “Advanced Exploration Systems”, “Robotics”, Accessed Mar 2020. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. “News” 20 Sept 2016., 7 Nov 2018.
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Deep Space Drilling Operation – Lengthy and Unsustainable Economic Activity
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“Ice Rush” Timothy 6:10 “For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs.” The primer of the survival network, relying on the outer space resources from other cosmic bodies. There are three essentials for humanity to survive in the harsh environments beyond the homeland: 1. metal ores, for 3D-manufactoring in zero-gravity; 2. ice, for getting water content and hydrogen for interplanetary traveling fuels; 3. dirt, for providing medium and micro-elements to grow crops. The current technology has been focused on identifying components of thousands of asteroids, the technology itself, both for detection and exploitation are controlled in entrepreneurs and governments. Differ from what the exploitation industries on Earth, the outer space mining not only create accession means of living but will become the skeleton of hospitality. While the society is debating for legality of resources extraction in outer space, the justice of technology and social structure in the future is often left at the periphery. Will this sharpened capitalism create a dystopia future? How the ideas of consent, shared value, transparency and fairness be achieved in centralized resources control? Where and how the decision-making power be formed in the occasion of democratic transhumanism society?
Digital Painting “Ice Rush”. Copyright © 2020 by Tony Yuen. All rights reserved.
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[Figure 63] The Plot – 3 drafting process.
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Parallel Story::3 A view of seedling growth in a petri dish during space shuttle Discovery’s STS-95 mission in 1998, which used similar hardware to the upcoming Biological Research in Canisters -19 investigation aboard the International Space Station.
This flowering crop experiment began on Nov. 16, 2015. The challenging process of growing the zinnias provided an exceptional opportunity for scientists back on Earth to better understand how plants grow in microgravity, and for astronauts to practice doing what they’ll be tasked with on a deep space mission: autonomous gardening. At NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, organisms in a Petri plate are exposed to blue excitation lighting in a Spectrum prototype unit. The Spectrum project are developing new hardware for the International Space Station, to support experiments demonstrating how different organisms, such as plants, microbes or worms, develop under conditions of microgravity.
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A high fidelity test version of NASA’s Advanced Plant Habitat (APH), the largest plant chamber built for the agency. The unit is a closed-loop system with a controlled environment than can house large plants. The system will use red, green and blue LED lights, similar to the Veggie growth system that is currently on the International Space Station. Cosmonaut Sergey Volkov (onboard engineer Expeditions 28/29) studies super dwarf wheat as part of the Rasenyia-2 investigation.
167 Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques is photographed performing a reservoir fill on the Veggie Ponds facility in the Columbus module in 2019.
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Experiment Veg-04B focuses on the effects of light quality and fertilizer on the leafy Mizuna crop, microbial food safety, nutritional value and the taste acceptability by the crew.
169 NASA plans to grow food on future spacecraft and on other planets as a food supplement for astronauts. Fresh food, such as vegetables, provide essential vitamins and nutrients that will help enable sustainable deep space pioneering.
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The European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter will soon deploy its radar instrument for the first time. The instrument is designed to look below the surface of Mars for different layers of material, most notably water.
[Figure 64] The Plot – 3 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Plants”, “ISS”, “Expendition 38”, “Expendition 44”, “Expendition 46”, “Expendition 61”, “Space Station Research and Technology”, Accessed Mar 2020. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. “News” 2 May 2005.
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Astroculture and Colonization – Genetic Modified Eden and the New Adam
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“Martian Paradise” Numbers 14:8 “If the Lord is pleased with us, then He will bring us into this land and give it to us - a land which flows with milk and honey.” Experiments have proven plants growth is influenced by the microgravity. Seed germination, genetic structure, cell growth, photosynthesis and production cycle are the new facets for plant response in outer space environment which under the spotlights from different professions. Being one of the three pillars supports the survival network, the importance of the space botany not only reflected on its performance of providing food and refreshment, but the property of being one of the legacies from our motherland. However, genetic modifications are required for plants to survive in this malformed environment, especially during the early phase of terraformation. Plants need to be hardy, shade tolerant to live under planetary surface, yet they should be productive enough as to offer food to support human living. There are no studies directly state the effect of consuming genetic engineered products to humans, the debate of “substantial equivalence” between natural and GM food hasn’t come to a concrete solution. Being a space refugee not only facing direct danger from “the law of cosmic” but also risking bioengineering our body in daily life. Through generations, a new “Adam” may eventually birth within our galaxy. The most important question is: are we ready for this?
Digital Painting “Martian Paradise”. Copyright © 2020 by Tony Yuen. All rights reserved.
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[Figure 66] The Plot – 4 drafting process.
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Parallel Story::4 Astronauts Barbara R. Morgan (red stripes) and Janice E. Voss (solid white suit), wearing training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit, participate in an underwater simulation of extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near Johnson Space Center (JSC).
Two astronauts practice space rescue over the Precision Air Bearing Platform (PABP) at the NASA Johnson Space Center. One astronaut is suspended from a crane but the other is riding on cushions of air. Beneath the small platform, the sideways astronaut is riding on three small pads that lift the platform with high pressure air shooting out from them. This nearly eliminates friction with the smooth floor and simulates microgravity. NASA astronaut Steve Swanson, equipped with a bungee harness, exercises on the T2 treadmill.
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NASA astronaut Steve Swanson, equipped with a bungee harness, exercises on the T2 treadmill.
177 Astronaut Bruce McCandless flies the manned maneuvering unit during a 1983 spacewalk. The unit, resembling an easy chair, has posts above the shoulders and near the knees. Each contain clusters of gas jets for maneuvering in space.
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Apollo 14 commander Shepard was the first American astronaut in space, but today he’s almost as well known as the first -- and so far, only -- person to hit a golf ball on the Moon. Just before leaving the lunar surface in 1971, he attached a 6-iron golf club head to the foldable shaft of a lunar soil sampler and whacked two golf balls out into the gray lunar distance. Like a lot of spaceflight equipment, the 6-iron (a club typically used to hit the ball longer distances, in the 130210 yard range) had been specially modified to fit onto the soil sampler; Shepard paid for the modified 6-iron himself, although there’s no record of how much it cost him. STS-134 astronauts Greg Johnson and Greg Chamitoff play chess in the International Space Station’s Kibo laboratory.
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Astronaut Peggy Whitson using Newton’s Third Law of Motion to fly through the Destiny module on the ISS.
An artist’s concept of Moon tennis. Credit: Paula Vargas and Terry Longbottom of NASA/JSC.
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“Leap of Faith” by Pat Rawlings portrays an Olympic stadium on the moon.
[Figure 67] The Plot – 4 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Fit for space gallery”, “Sports”, “Apollo 14”, Accessed May 2020. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “SCIENCE AND SPORTS”, Educational product, Grade 5-8, EG-2011-0400001-SSC, 2011 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “Moon Tennis”, NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration, 30 Aug 2005.
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The Galaclypic Games – The Stadium of Aremis, Lunar Athletes and New Extremes
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“Climbing Continuum” Proverbs 25:27 “It is not good to eat too much honey, nor is it honorable for people to seek their own glory.” Above the baseline of constructing space colonies, the post construction of the third/ forth habitat requires leisure as a final piece to supplement a comprehensive outer space living circle, as it has been critical to human health development. Theoretically, the strength of a human body will be increased relatively in low gravity or zero-G environment, astronauts Charlie Duke and John Young had jumped about 1.2m above the moon surface with 200lb space suit. As such, with the ongoing development of space suit technology, the limitation of moving in outer space will eventually become lesser. These fantasies of humans become super powered beings in outer space triggered imaginations of space tourism and perhaps revolutionary extreme sports beyond the Earth. The intensification of humanism invented hybrids of leisure taking up large spaces - even craters of the moon, will become stadiums for New-Types after generations. These god-like activities, however, followed by risk of death. Super-powered humans need to be aware of suit damages and air leakage when they move, not to mention the variants among cosmic bodies. What will be gained through these perilous activities? The myth of the Olympic Games tells us that the states in Ancient Greece were solving their conflicts in this “religious” event, will our future regime(s) have this renaissance extropianism thinking to escalate our social code? How the ideology of post-human be adopted in transhuman configurations? Digital Painting “Climbing Continuum”. Copyright © 2020 by Tony Yuen. All rights reserved.
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[Figure 69] The Plot – 5 drafting process.
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Parallel Story::5 Needle pincher cartridge (NPC) compared with a penny for scale. A. Needle. B. Pincher. C. Cartridge.
The robotic electrode inserter; enlarged view of the inserter-head shown in the inset. A. Loaded needle pincher cartridge. B. Low-force contact brain position sensor. C. Light modules with multiple independent wavelengths. D. Needle motor. E. One of four cameras focused on the needle during insertion. F. Camera with wide angle view of surgical field. G. Stereoscopic cameras.
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1. The inserter approaches the brain proxy with a thread. i. needle and cannula. ii. previously inserted thread. 2. Inserter touches down on the brain proxy surface. 3. Needle penetrates tissue proxy, advancing the thread to the desired depth. iii. inserting thread. 4. Inserter pulls away, leaving the thread behind in the tissue proxy. iv. inserted thread. A packaged sensor device. A. individual neural processing ASIC capable of processing 256 channels of data. This particular packaged device contains 12 of these chips for a total of 3,072 channels. B. Polymer threads on parylene-c substrate. C. Titanium enclosure (lid removed). D. Digital USB-C connector for power and data.
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Left: Broadband neural signals (unfiltered) simultaneously acquired from a single thread (32 channels) implanted in rat cerebral cortex. Each channel (row) corresponds to an electrode site on the thread (schematic at left; sites spaced by 50 Îźm). Spikes and local field potentials are readily apparent. Right: Putative waveforms (unsorted); numbers indicate channel location on thread. Mean waveform is shown in black. Neil Harbisson is a Catalan-raised, British-born contemporary artist and cyborg activist best known for having an antenna implanted in his skull and for being officially recognized as a cyborg by a government. The antenna allows him to perceive visible and invisible colors via audible vibrations in his skull including infrareds and ultraviolets as well as receive colors from space, images, videos, music or phone calls directly into his head via internet connection.
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Neil charging himself up with electricity. Photograph by Dan Wilton.
Neil creating a sound portrait of Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.
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Sound portrait of Amy Winehouse’s “Rehab” song.
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[Figure 70] The Plot – 5 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation. Elon Musk, Neuralink. “An integrated brainmachine interface platform with thousands of channels”, 02 Aug 2019. Cyborgarts. “Neil Harbisson”, Cyborgarts Limited, 2020 Ross Bryant, Dezeen. “People “will start becoming technology” says human cyborg”, 20 Nov 2013.
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Engineers in Vacuum – Consciousness and the Extension of Humanism
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“Boundless Connectron Field” Timothy 4:14 “Do not neglect your gift, which was given you through prophecy when the body of elders laid their hands on you.” Designing on Earth follows the Law of Newton, the processes of design constructions unavoidably based on creating plans which positioning materials in planes and moving them in vertical third dimension. In contrast, designing hospitable space in outer space will encounter new environment where the position of an object will be defined by new systems. The current methodology of locating one object in space is to calculate the relative motion distance from constant point on Earth surface, in space, however, need at least three neutron stars to track subjects in the vacant void. Design constructions nevertheless will evolve into a discipline demanding engineers’ and designers’ higher level of 4-dimensional sensory. In this future, with the help of digitalized “plug-ins”, transferring design notions will be articulated by both artificial intelligence and human consciousness. The mapping of connectrons in human brains has been developed in the past 10 years, giving out commands to the machines will be completely changed very soon. Even though receivers were not implanted inside the human brain, the cell activities are able to be captured through external devices. Going into extremes, if cybernetic surgeries become a convention in future society, how humans are defined? Or perhaps more philosophically, how humanism is defined when the concept of human nature is being challenged? Will the distinct separation between natural humans and cyborgs created different “racial streams” that raised unsolvable disputes? Digital Painting “Boundless Connectron Field”. Copyright © 2020 by Tony Yuen. All rights reserved.
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[Figure 72] The Plot – 6 drafting process.
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View of the Earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew -- astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, commander; astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot; and scientist-astronaut Harrison H. Schmitt, lunar
is the first time the Apollo trajectory made it possible to photograph the South polar ice cap. Note the heavy cloud cover in the Southern Hemisphere. Almost the entire coastline of Africa is clearly visible. The Arabian Peninsula can be seen at the Northeastern edge of Africa. The large island off the coast of Africa is the Malagasy Republic. The Asian mainland is on the horizon toward the Northeast.
module pilot -- traveling toward the moon. This translunar coast photograph extends from the Mediterranean Sea area to the Antarctica South polar ice cap. This
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The Ancient Hebrew Conception of the Universe. George Robinson, 1913.
Visualization of Earth. Camille Flammarion, 1884.
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The Earth with the Milky Way and the Moon. Wladyslaw T. Benda, 1918.
Visualization of Earth. Howard Russell Butler, 1920s.
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Visualization of Earth. Lucien Rudaux, 1930s.
The first full face color portrait of the earth taken by the DODGE satellite in 1967. The image was taken with a black and white TV camera which took three photos with a red, green and a blue filter to create the color image. The small disc in front of the picture is a colour match card.
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This first color photograph of the entire Earth was taken in November 1967, by the experimental NASA communications and weather satellite ATS-3.
[Figure 73] The Plot – 6 parallel story, as a comparison to the speculation. Ron Miller. “How Artists Once Imagined the Earth Would Look from Space”, Gizmodo, 25 Mar 2013. Wladyslaw T. Benda. The Earth with the Milky Way and Moon. Charcoal on paper, ca. 1918. Published in “The Future of the Earth” by Maurice Maeterlinck, Cosmopolitan, March 1918. Cabinet of American Illustration. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (110.1)
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The First Heaven – Memorial of Banished Citizenship
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“The Bluer Marble” Ecclesiastes 3:20 “All go to one place. All are from the dust, and to dust all return.” The Ground, the Gaia, the Earth, the Blue Marble, the Motherland. The name given to this planet represented, represent and will represent the origin of dust (humans). From the dust we are created and from the dust cradled our civilizations. The very first image captured during the Apollo 14 Mission to the Moon gave a full picture (acceptable resolutions and features) of our home. Starting from this moment, the fragility and uniqueness of the Earth was manifested and raised global environmental movements. Beforehand, there were paintings, drawings describing the properties of the Earth, reflecting ideologies and believes at the time but each of them was not powerful enough to raise public concerns globally. Ironically, this loud but short wakeup call rang until our civilization allowed us to enter ‘the second heaven’ and from there looking backward. The awaken pioneer guardians however failed to stop the unsolvable conflicts and wars between country and country, humans and humans.
Digital Painting “The Bluer Marble”. Copyright © 2020 by Tony Yuen. All rights reserved.
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Thy sins alloweth thee did banish thy moth’rland, the blu’r marble is in witness wh’reof.
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ii - Design Film Production Pitch
220 [Figure 75] The initial concept of the stage, featuring mega typhoon at Europe. [Figure 76] An air traveling scene, explaining the emergence of High-Orbit Jet which is not affected by the weather, and the common Air Jet which faces delay.
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[Figure 77] General description for common life, imagining future technology such as auto-luggage, face recognition, i-mobile. [Figure 78] A scenery of High-Orbit Jet journey for the rich.
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Propaganda
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[Figure 79] Design Film Poster – Vanishing String by Tony Yuen
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Scene Cards Chapter [1] – VANISHING STRING
Chapter [2] – CONNECTION TO THE FUTURE
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Chapter [3] – TURN BACK THE PENDULUM
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Chapter [4] – THE SURVIVAL NETWORK
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Chapter [5] – REVELATION REPORT
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229 Chapter [6] – THE CURRENT MOMENT
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Shooting Script 1 00:00:32,232 --> 00:00:33,867 [System connected] 2 00:00:34,367 --> 00:00:38,571 [You are entering ARCHIVE FILE - 001] 3 00:00:39,606 --> 00:00:42,909 [Selected item: MSG-A]
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4 00:00:45,578 --> 00:00:47,647 [CODE translated] 5 00:00:52,719 --> 00:00:54,621 Recorded message: 6 00:00:56,790 --> 00:00:57,824 This is Nova. 7 00:00:58,692 --> 00:01:01,428 The artificial intelligence from your future.
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8 00:01:01,761 --> 00:01:04,64 A system generally mentioned as AI. 9 00:01:04,397 --> 00:01:08,702 I am the AI specially designed for outer space operations. 10 00:01:11,204 --> 00:01:12,972 You may find this sounds weird, 11 00:01:13,373 --> 00:01:16,276 but my task was assigned to talk to you, 12 00:01:16,643 --> 00:01:18,778 all the people, the living ones, 13 00:01:18,878 --> 00:01:22,282 to warn you about your future... The Terra’s future... 14 00:01:30,23 --> 00:01:36,496 For long, human had all sorts of fantasies, or say imaginations about living in space. Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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15 00:01:36,763 --> 00:01:37,597 Isn’t it? 16 00:01:38,64 --> 00:01:43,937 I have been written in records of fictions including novels, movies, and animations. 17 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:48,475 You had dreams about
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18 00:01:48,508 --> 00:01:54,114 space exploration, terraforming, alien invasions, apocalypse, etc. 19 00:01:54,447 --> 00:01:55,982 I know all about them. 20 00:02:00,687 --> 00:02:03,957 ...But things will change faster than you have expected... 21 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:37,83 (three-two-one)
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22 00:04:07,847 --> 00:04:14,54 The Terra had become inhospitable for you all, and you had to live in outer space. 23 00:04:14,621 --> 00:04:19,826 There were only three options: to adapt, to live, or to die. 24 00:04:26,399 --> 00:04:33,273 Starting from Paleolithic to the modern world, humans and landscapes had both developed a lot. 25 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:37,177 The echo between landscape and human development 26 00:04:37,177 --> 00:04:42,248 was drawn to outline the build-up concepts of your Landscape Architecture 27 00:04:42,682 --> 00:04:46,19 but since after moving away from the Terra into space,
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28 00:04:46,152 --> 00:04:49,322 with no more ‘land’, ‘physical land’ in space. 29 00:04:49,489 --> 00:04:53,526 Your familiar landscape had also been diluted and vanished. 30 00:04:58,698 --> 00:05:02,268 Let me put it in this way, a way you can understand.
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31 00:05:02,736 --> 00:05:04,104 You should know him. 32 00:05:04,704 --> 00:05:05,672 This is Howard Odum. 33 00:05:05,672 --> 00:05:11,11 A man, who designed the system dynamics, circuit like diagrams. 34 00:05:11,311 --> 00:05:17,384 In his diagrams, natural processes and matters in the society were translated in Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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35 00:05:17,384 --> 00:05:24,24 circuit like diagrams, explaining the correlations between subjects and their transfers 36 00:05:24,24 --> 00:05:26,192 within a designated boundary. 37 00:05:26,693 --> 00:05:29,396 You had been understanding the resources, 38 00:05:29,396 --> 00:05:33,566 potential risks, and opportunities through his drawings 39 00:05:33,566 --> 00:05:35,435 within the space you are living. 40 00:05:40,273 --> 00:05:46,513 In 2050, the first future diagram explained the increase influences of
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41 00:05:46,546 --> 00:05:52,252 climatic changes to energy generations and resource extraction processes, 42 00:05:52,852 --> 00:05:58,925 projecting your present into the near future, where you will be struggling and suffering on Terra.
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43 00:06:11,471 --> 00:06:17,310 In 2150. the second future diagram illustrated the multi-dysfunction 44 00:06:17,310 --> 00:06:21,548 of various components on Terra due to extreme climates. 45 00:06:21,748 --> 00:06:27,954 The third habitat wherein zero-gravity environment, was set up as an atelier for you. 46 00:06:28,355 --> 00:06:33,293 The energy and resources on Terra were transferred into the third habitat
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47 00:06:47,374 --> 00:06:51,611 In 2300, the third future diagram was showing you 48 00:06:51,611 --> 00:06:55,849 the completion of the primer of the outer space survival network. 49 00:06:56,449 --> 00:07:00,920 The interplanetary travel had become a convention at this period. 50 00:07:01,54 --> 00:07:07,193 The energy and resources were gathered in outer space with the innovation of technology. 51 00:07:07,794 --> 00:07:12,599 You began to create permanent hospitality on the fourth habitat, 52 00:07:12,665 --> 00:07:16,836 terraforming favorable cosmic bodies within the Galaxy.
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53 00:07:30,183 --> 00:07:35,855 In 3500, the fourth future diagram outlined the settled forth habitats and 54 00:07:35,855 --> 00:07:39,192 transformation of the role for the third habitat. 55 00:07:39,526 --> 00:07:42,228 A complete system was finally successful
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56 00:07:42,228 --> 00:07:45,832 for supporting the development of the fourth habitat. 57 00:07:57,10 --> 00:08:01,848 The “Survival Network�, an extra important term you will be invented, 58 00:08:01,881 --> 00:08:04,484 but now essential for you to understand. 59 00:08:04,784 --> 00:08:06,886 You will need sufficient and correct Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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60 00:08:06,986 --> 00:08:11,358 resources for you to survive and live in a zero-gravity environment. 61 00:08:11,825 --> 00:08:15,61 There are different essentials, such as water content, 62 00:08:15,128 --> 00:08:19,132 temperature, minerals on specific cosmic bodies. 63 00:08:23,636 --> 00:08:25,605 I have taken your shipping routes, 64 00:08:25,605 --> 00:08:28,408 and power plant locations and productions 65 00:08:28,408 --> 00:08:31,711 to demonstrate your current survival network. 66 00:08:32,45 --> 00:08:34,414 Very soon, you will be moving
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67 00:08:34,414 --> 00:08:39,452 transferable resources and machines to construct your first moon base. 68 00:08:41,187 --> 00:08:43,923 Unlike extracting resources on Terra, 69 00:08:43,923 --> 00:08:46,493 everything is scattered in outer space.
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70 00:08:46,826 --> 00:08:50,230 You will have to travel from asteroids to asteroids, 71 00:08:50,330 --> 00:08:53,933 gathering, drilling, and extracting bit-by-bit. 72 00:08:54,434 --> 00:08:58,638 The allowed time for missions was limited and had to be based on the 73 00:08:58,638 --> 00:09:02,876 relative motion to the Terra orbit and the Martian orbit. Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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74 00:09:05,645 --> 00:09:12,652 Within a limited time and for higher efficiency for gathering resources as many as possible, 75 00:09:12,952 --> 00:09:17,824 your survival network was defined by 1- year Astro proximity, 76 00:09:18,124 --> 00:09:21,361 interchange stations for building up storages, 77 00:09:21,361 --> 00:09:25,498 and transporting essentials in between asteroids. 78 00:09:27,367 --> 00:09:32,772 Your exile path eventually expanded to where the light of Sol can reach. 79 00:09:33,6 --> 00:09:36,609 The survival network grown with your population. 80 00:09:42,15 --> 00:09:45,652 The humankind paid so much effort to survive... Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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81 00:09:45,652 --> 00:09:49,22 from Terra to space...into the galaxy... 82 00:10:13,546 --> 00:10:17,984 The manufacturing chains of food production was grounded on Terra, 83 00:10:17,984 --> 00:10:22,722 companies like Wyle Laboratories provided space food for astronauts
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84 00:10:22,722 --> 00:10:25,792 during their 3-6 months missions. 85 00:10:25,925 --> 00:10:31,97 However, your food-scape was detached from the outer space environment, 86 00:10:31,264 --> 00:10:33,266 where the process of occurring, 87 00:10:33,500 --> 00:10:37,504 preparing and gathering food was completed on Terra. Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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88 00:10:37,837 --> 00:10:40,607 The separation of food scape horizons 89 00:10:40,607 --> 00:10:43,643 between the space and the Terra was broken 90 00:10:43,643 --> 00:10:46,980 when you started your greatest migration in history. 91 00:10:47,380 --> 00:10:51,284 The variety of food manufacturing in space will be demanded 92 00:10:51,284 --> 00:10:56,523 by a wide range of ethnicities with different socio-cultural palettes. 93 00:11:23,249 --> 00:11:25,685 The primer of the “Survival Network� 94 00:11:25,785 --> 00:11:30,724 relying on the outer space resources from other cosmic bodies. Vanishing String | Tony Yuen
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95 00:11:31,124 --> 00:11:36,696 There were three essentials for you to survive in the harsh environments beyond the homeland. 96 00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:41,835 First, metal ores: for 3D manufacturing in zero-gravity. 97 00:11:42,335 --> 00:11:49,9 Second, ice: for getting water content and hydrogen for interplanetary traveling fuels.
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98 00:11:49,142 --> 00:11:55,115 Third, dirt: for providing medium and micro-elements to grow crops. 99 00:11:55,115 --> 00:11:58,852 Different from what the exploitation industries on Terra 100 00:11:58,852 --> 00:12:03,423 outer space mining not only create accessioned means of living
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101 00:12:03,423 --> 00:12:06,226 but will become the skeleton of hospitality. 102 00:12:32,552 --> 00:12:36,523 Seed germination, genetic structure, cell growth, 103 00:12:36,523 --> 00:12:40,293 photosynthesis and production cycle are the new facets 104 00:12:40,293 --> 00:12:44,230 for plant responses in the outer space environment. 105 00:12:44,664 --> 00:12:48,568 Being one of the three pillars supporting the “Survival Network�, 106 00:12:48,835 --> 00:12:53,673 the importance of the space botany not only reflected on its performance of 107 00:12:53,673 --> 00:12:56,76 providing food and refreshment,
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108 00:12:56,209 --> 00:13:00,480 but the property of being one of the legacies from your motherland. 109 00:13:00,980 --> 00:13:05,318 However, genetic modifications were required for plants 110 00:13:05,318 --> 00:13:08,455 to survive in this malformed environment,
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111 00:13:08,455 --> 00:13:12,225 especially during the early phase of terra-formation. 112 00:13:12,659 --> 00:13:17,831 Plants were to be hardy, shade tolerant, to live under planetary surface. 113 00:13:17,864 --> 00:13:22,302 Yet, they were productive enough to offer food to support living.
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114 00:13:50,96 --> 00:13:53,767 Above the baseline of constructing space colonies, 115 00:13:53,767 --> 00:13:58,738 the post-construction of the third or the fourth habitat requires leisure 116 00:13:58,738 --> 00:14:07,147 as a final piece to supplement a comprehensive outer space living circle, as it has been critical to your health development. 117 00:14:07,781 --> 00:14:14,854 Theoretically, the strength of a human body will be increased relatively in low gravity or zero-G environment, 118 00:14:15,388 --> 00:14:24,64 astronauts Charlie Duke and John Young had jumped about 1.2 meters above the moon surface with 200 pounds spacesuit.
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119 00:14:24,664 --> 00:14:31,771 As such, with your ongoing development of spacesuit technology, the limitation of moving in outer space became lesser. 120 00:14:32,305 --> 00:14:35,642 These fantasies of humans become superpowered beings in outer space
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121 00:14:35,642 --> 00:14:41,948 triggered your space tourism and revolutionary extreme sports beyond the Terra. 122 00:14:42,549 --> 00:14:47,921 This intensification of humanism invented hybrids of leisure taking up large spaces 123 00:14:48,421 --> 00:14:52,525 - even craters of the moon, became stadiums after generations. 124 00:15:19,152 --> 00:15:21,654 Designing on Terra followed the Law of Newton,
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125 00:15:22,88 --> 00:15:29,295 the processes of design constructions unavoidably based on creating plans which positioning materials in planes 126 00:15:29,596 --> 00:15:32,98 and moving them in the vertical third dimension. 127 00:15:32,632 --> 00:15:38,271 In contrast, designing a hospitable space in outer space encounter a new environment 128 00:15:38,371 --> 00:15:41,975 where the position of an object is defined by new systems. 129 00:15:42,275 --> 00:15:46,513 Your methodology of locating one object in space was to calculate 130 00:15:46,546 --> 00:15:51,51 the relative motion distance from a constant point on Terra’s surface,
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131 00:15:51,51 --> 00:15:57,290 in space, however, need at least three neutron stars to track subjects in the vacant void. 132 00:15:57,590 --> 00:16:04,698 Design constructions nevertheless evolved into a discipline demanding your higher level of 4-dimensional sensory.
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133 00:16:05,165 --> 00:16:09,936 With the help of digitalized “plug-ins�, transferring design notions are articulated 134 00:16:09,936 --> 00:16:13,606 by both artificial intelligence and human consciousness. 135 00:16:14,74 --> 00:16:20,547 The mapping of connectrons in human brains had been developed, giving out commands to the machines are changed.
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136 00:16:20,914 --> 00:16:28,621 Even though receivers were not implanted inside the human brain, the cell activities are able to be captured through external devices. 137 00:16:51,578 --> 00:16:57,83 The Ground, the Gaia, the Earth, the Blue Marble, the Motherland. 138 00:16:57,83 --> 00:17:01,388 The name given to this planet represented the origin of dust. 139 00:17:01,388 --> 00:17:07,460 From the dust you were created and from the dust cradled your civilizations. 140 00:17:07,460 --> 00:17:15,669 The fragility and uniqueness of the Terra were manifested and raised global environmental movements from the ‘Blue Marble’.
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141 00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:21,408 Beforehand, there were paintings, drawings describing the properties of the Terra, 142 00:17:21,408 --> 00:17:27,547 reflecting ideologies and believes at the time but each of them was not powerful enough.
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143 00:17:27,981 --> 00:17:37,624 Ironically, this loud but short wakeup call rang until your civilization entered ‘the second heaven’ and from there looking backward. 144 00:17:37,957 --> 00:17:46,566 However, you have failed to stop the conflicts and wars between countries and countries, humans and humans.
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IV
APP
PENDICES
Bibliography and Recommended Readings
i - Bibliography and Recommended Readings Cabrol, Nathalie A., and Edmond A. Grin. (2010) Lakes on Mars. Amsterdam ; Boston: Elsevier.
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Bock, Gregory., Jamie. Goode, and Symposium on Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth. (1996) Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars?). Ciba Foundation Symposium ; 202. Chichester ; New York: John Wiley & Sons. Ehrenfried, Manfred Von. (2019) From Cave Man to Cave Martian : Living in Caves on the Earth, Moon and Mars. Springer-Praxis Books in Space Exploration. Cham, Switzerland: Springer
Horneck, G., and C. Baumstark-Khan. (2002) Astrobiology : The Quest for the Conditions of Life. Berlin: Springer Jones, Barrie William. (2008) The Search for Life Continued : Planets around Other Stars. Springer-Praxis Books in Popular Astronomy. Berlin ; New York : Chichester, UK: Springer ; Praxis Publishing Wallace, Molly., Katherine Cummings, and University of Washington. (2006) Novel Ecologies [electronic Resource] : Nature, Culture, and Capital in Contemporary United States Fiction and Theory
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O’Leary, Beth Laura, and P. J. Capelotti. (2014) Archaeology and Heritage of the Human Movement into Space. Space and Society (Springer (Firm)). Cham: Springer Hight, Christopher. (2008) Architectural Principles in the Age of Cybernetics. New York: Routledge. Fuery, Patrick, and Nick. Mansfield. (2000) Cultural Studies and Critical Theory. 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. Pilsch, Andrew. (2017) Transhumanism : Evolutionary Futurism and the Human Technologies of Utopia. Minneapolis:
Bibliography and Recommended Readings
University of Minnesota Press.
Am Main ; New York: Peter Lang Edition.
Frodeman, Robert. (2019) Transhumanism, Nature, and the Ends of Science. Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy. New York: Routledge.
Graham, Elaine L. (2002) Representations of the Post/human : Monsters, Aliens and Others in Popular Culture. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
Manzocco, Roberto. (2019) Transhumanism : Engineering the Human Condition : History, Philosophy and Current Status. Springer-Praxis Books in Popular Science. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Ranisch, Robert, and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner. (2014) Post- and Transhumanism : An Introduction. Beyond Humanism ; v. 1. Frankfurt
Graham, J., and Elliot. (2003) “Terraforming Mars: Can We Feed Ourselves If We Go?” AIP Conference Proceedings 654, no. 1: 1292-295. Edwards, Bradley C. (2004) “A Space Elevator Based Exploration Strategy.” AIP Conference Proceedings 699, no. 1: 854-62. Muff, T., Johnson, King, and Duke. (2004) “A
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Prototype Bucket Wheel Excavator for the Moon, Mars and Phobos.” AIP Conference Proceedings 699, no. 1: 967-74. William J. Brennan, Jr. (1990) “SPACE LAW FORUM: Space Colonization and the Law.” Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 3: 7-259. Weinstein, Leonard M. (2003) “Space Colonization Using SpaceElevators from Phobos.” Space Technology and Applications International Forum, no. Ogy and Applications International Forum; 2-6 Feb. 2003; Albuquerque, Nm (2003): Space Technology and Applications International Forum; 2-6 Feb. 2003;
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Albuquerque, NM; United States. Loder, Theodore C. (2003) “Implications of Outside the Box Technologies on Future Space Exploration and Colonization.” AIP Conference Proceedings 654, no. 1: 1199-203.
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Bhasin, K., and Hayden. (2004) “Evolutionary Space Communications Architectures for Human/ Robotic Exploration and Science Missions.” AIP Conference Proceedings 699, no. 1: 893-904. Nock, K., Duke, King, Jacobs, Johnson, McRonald, Penzo, Rauwolf, and Wyszkowski. (2003) “An Interplanetary Rapid Transit System Between Earth and Mars.” AIP Conference Proceedings 654, no. 1:
1075-086. Favaloro, Nunzia, Antonio Smoraldi, Gianpaolo Elia, Marco Invigorito, and Vito Salvatore. (1998) “CIRA Preliminary Roadmap for the Development of Mars Research Project.” Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio 98, no. 2, 119-30. Hyatt, Mark J., and Paul B. Deluane. (2008) “Lunar Dust Mitigation Technology Development.” 6th Space Technology and Applications International Forum: Space Colonization, no. Ogy and Applications International Forum: Space Colonization; 11 Feb. 2008; Cleveland, Oh (2008): 6th Space Technology and Applications International Forum: Space Colonization; 11 Feb. 2008;
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Cleveland, OH; United States. Ćirković, Milan M. (2019) “Space Colonization Remains the Only Long-term Option for Humanity: A Reply to Torres.” Futures 105: 16673. Valosik, Vicki. (2015) “To Mars and Beyond.” The American Scholar, 12-13. Baum, Seth D. (2009) “Cost–benefit Analysis of Space Exploration: Some Ethical Considerations.” Space Policy 25, no. 2: 75-80. Billings, Linda. (2019) “Should Humans Colonize Mars? No.” Theology and Science 17, no. 3: 341-46. Williams, Lynda. (2010) “Irrational Dreams of
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Space Colonization.” Peace Review 22, no. 1: 4-8. Anker, Peder. (2005) “The Ecological COLONIZATION OF SPACE.” Environmental History 10, no. 2: 239-68. Lempert, David. (2011) “Living in Space: Cultural and Social Dynamics, Opportunities, and Challenges in Permanent Space Habitats.” Astropolitics 9, no. 1: 84111.
“Can We Colonize the Solar System? Human Biology and Survival in the Extreme Space Environment.” Endeavour 34, no. 3: 122-29. Bellagamba, Ugo. (2016) “From Ideal to Future Cities: Science Fiction as an Extension of Utopia.” Philosophy & Technology 29, no. 1: 79-96.
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Slobodian, Rayna Elizabeth. (2015) “Selling Space Colonization and Immortality: A Psychosocial, Anthropological Critique of the Rush to Colonize Mars.” Acta Astronautica 113: 89-104. Launius, Roger D. (2010)
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Citations
ii - Citations the Earth Science Communications Team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory | California Institute of Technology. (2019, February 4). NASA, NOAA to announce 2018 global temperatures, climate conditions. Retrieved December 17, 2019, from https://climate.nasa. gov/news/2840/nasa-noaa-to-announce-2018-global-temperatures-climate-conditions/ Achenbach, J. (2016). Race to the Red Planet. National Geographic Magazine, 2-31. AIBS. (2020). About AIBS Distinguished Scientist Award. Retrieved from American Institute of Biological Science: https://www.aibs.org/about-aibs/award_aibs_distinguished_scientist.html
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Asgardia, IUFV (NGO) and AIRC, GmbH. (2020). Homepage. Retrieved from Asgardia, The Space Nation: https://asgardia.space/en/ Austin, J. (2015). PICTURED: Does Pyramid found on Mars prove Martian civilisation built on Red Planet? Express, 1. Benjamin Halpern, M. F. (2015, July 14). Cumulative human impacts: raw stressor data (2008 and 2013). Billings, L. (2019). Should Humans Colonize Mars? No. Theology and Science, 17:3, 341346. Brett, S. (2019, December 18). Space tourism | How much does a ticket to space cost? The future of ‘space tourism’. Retrieved from Royal Museums Greenwich: https://www.rmg. co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-go-to-space
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Citations
Brian Dunbar, NASA. (2020). NASA DM-2. Retrieved from NASA Official: https://www. nasa.gov/specials/dm2/#:~:text=NASA%20astronauts%20Robert%20Behnken%20and,for%20the%20Demo%2D2%20mission. Dictionary, O. (2019, September 13). Definition of field in English. Retrieved from Lexico. com: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/field Doody, D. (2011). Deep Space Craft: An Overview of Interplanetary Flight. Chichester, UK: Springer. Freedman, A. (2019, October 14). Why Typhoon Hagibis packed such a deadly, devastating punch in Japan. Retrieved from Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/ weather/2019/10/14/why-typhoon-hagibis-packed-such-deadly-devastating-punch-japan/ Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. 2019. Global Power Plant Database. (2019, June 12). Global Power Plant Database: README. GoldPoster. (2019). Ad Adstra Poster 2. Retrieved from GoldPoster: https://www.goldposter.com/317337/full/ Kaku, M. (2018). The Future of Humanity. New York, US: Doubleday. Kalvapalle, R. (2017). Humanity has 100 years to colonize other planets or die out: Stephen Hawking. Global News, 1. Kubrick, S. (Director). (1968). 2001: A Space Odyssey [Motion Picture].
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Kuharich, N. B. (n.d.). Pyramid of Capitalist System. The International Pub. Co., Cleveland OH. Lilley, S. (2012). Transhumanism and Society: The Social Debate over Human Enhancement. Connecticut, USA: Springer. Logsdon, J. (2018). The Penguin Book of Outer Space Exploration: NASA and the Incredible Story of Human Spaceflight. New York: Penguin Random House LLC. Luque, M. G., & Jafari, G. (2017). Posthuman. New Geographies, 8-11. Magus Ramage, K. S. (2020). System Thinkers. London: Springer.
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Musk, E. (2017, September 29). Making Life Multiplanetary. International Astronautical Congress. Adelaided: SpaceX. Musk, E. (2020, February 5). Elon Musk on Twitter: Starship Concerto in Zero G. Retrieved from Twitter: https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1224938416795717634?lang=en NASA. (2019, October 11). Haughton Mars Project (HMP). Retrieved from NASA: https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/hmp NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (2015, February 19). Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters. Retrieved from Solar System Dynamics: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (2020, 06 06). JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine. Retrieved from Solar System Dynamics: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi
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Citations
NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (2020, 05 29). Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics. Retrieved from Solar System Dynamics: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?planet_phys_par NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Science Communications team. (n.d.). Asteroids. Retrieved from Solar System Exploration: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=name+asc&search=&condition_1=101%3Aparent_id&condition_2=asteroid%3Abody_type%3Ailike NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Science Communications team. (n.d.). Comets. Retrieved from Solar System Exploration: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=name+asc&search=&condition_1=102%3Aparent_id&condition_2=comet%3Abody_type%3Ailike NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Science Communications team. (n.d.). Meteors & Meteorites. Retrieved from Solar System Exploration: https://solarsystem.nasa. gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/meteors-and-meteorites/overview/?page=0&per_ page=40&order=id+asc&search=&condition_1=meteor_shower%3Abody_type NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Science Communications team. (n.d.). Moons. Retrieved from Solar System Exploration: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/overview/ NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Science Communications team. (n.d.). Planets. Retrieved from Solar Sytem Exploration: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/overview/ National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2011). NASA’s Analog Missions - Paving the Way for Space Exploration. Virginia, USA: Langley Research Center.
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Citations
National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA. (n.d.). Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved December 16, 2019, from https:// www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/greenhouse-gases.php National Geographic Magazine. (2016). November 2016 - No. 180. Taipei: Boulder Media. National Geographic Magazines. (2017). August 2017 - No. 189. Taipei: Boulder Media. National Geographic Magazines. (2017). July 2017 - No. 188. Taipei: Boulder Media. Pepperell, R. (1997). The Post-human Condition (Second edition). Exeter, UK: Intellect Books.
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Robert Ranish, S. L. (2014). Post-and Transhumanism: An Introduction. New York: Peter Lang GmbH. Scott, R. (Director). (2015). The Martian [Motion Picture]. Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (2017). SpaceX. Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://www.spacex.com Sutter, J. D. (2016, December 12). How to stop the sixth mass extinction. Retrieved December 17, 2019, from https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/12/world/sutter-vanishing-help/ index.html Tasker, E. (2017). The Planet Factory: Exoplanets and the Search for a Second Earth. New York, United States: Bloomsbury Sigma.
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Citations
The Aerospace Corp. (2018, June 1). A Brief History of Space Exploration. Retrieved from Aerospace: https://aerospace.org/article/brief-history-space-exploration United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. (2018). International Space Law: United Nations Instruments. United Nations iLibrary. Valve Corporation. (2020). SpaceEngine on Steam. Retrieved from Steam: https://store. steampowered.com/app/314650/SpaceEngine/ Wikipedia contributors. (2020, June 5). Celestia. Retrieved from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celestia&oldid=960855081 Wikipedia contributors. (2020, June 9). List of space travelers by name. Retrieved from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ space_travelers_by_name&oldid=960801512 Wikipedia contributors. (2020, April 26). Orbiter (simulator). Retrieved from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbiter_(simulator)&oldid=953198981 Williams, D. R. (2019, 10 21). Planetary Fact Sheet - Metric. Retrieved from NSSDCA: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/ Yuen, T. (2020, June 5). New Poster. Retrieved from Facebook: https://www.facebook. com/photo?fbid=2646764788760941&set=a.107410592696386
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Film Production
iii - Film Production VIDEO CLIPS GlobalClimateNews. (2012, January 1). “11th Hour Documentary Trailer Leonardo DiCaprio” YouTube video, 02:15. https://youtu.be/xgl1UYeePGo IMAX. (2016, April 12). “A Beautiful Planet IMAX Trailer” YouTube video, 02:28. https:// youtu.be/ZEnhWHAlslM Oceanic Preservation Society. (2015, January 22). ““Racing Extinction” Official Trailer” YouTube video, 02:39. https://youtu.be/MwxyrLUdcss
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PF Pictures. (2017, April 5). “THE AGE OF CONSEQUENCES - OFFICIAL TRAILER” YouTube video, 02:07. https://youtu.be/Ltjua10RFy4 SpaceX. (2016, January 13). ““The Falcon has landed” | Recap of Falcon 9 launch and landing” YouTube video, 03:37. https://youtu.be/ANv5UfZsvZQ SpaceX. (2019, October 15). “Starship Launch Animation” YouTube video, 01:57. https:// youtu.be/C8JyvzU0CXU Warner Bros. Pictures. (2017, July 6). “GEOSTROM - OFFICIAL TRAILER 2 [HD]” YouTube video, 02:29. https://youtu.be/EuOlYPSEzSc Warner Bros. UK. (2014, May 17). “Interstellar - Trailer - Official Warner Bros. UK” YouTube video, 02:54. https://youtu.be/zSWdZVtXT7E
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Film Production
DenverCityCat. (2014, April 22). “History of the Mankind in 2 Minutes.” YouTube video, 02:11. https://youtu.be/TFIa3FNnFZM
SOUND EFFECTS NASA. (2019, November 14). “SLS Test Fire”, on Sounds of the Future NASA. (2019, November 14). “Sputnik: Beep”, on Beeps and Bytes ZapSplat. (2019). “ExplosionBomb 1012_05_1”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “ExplosionPlastic 1012_01_2”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “SciFiDrone 6086_17”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “AmbienceSciFi 8001_27”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Heartbeat_HighTech”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Sci_Fi_Melody_Accent_Fail_2_Snth_jd”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Hi-Tech-Cyber-Transition-1”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Ambience_BlackHole_00”, on ZapSplat
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Film Production
ZapSplat. (2019). “Abmience_Space_00”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Scanner_burst_long”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Glitch_or_Short_circuit_2”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Soundscape_Scanners”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Camera_lens_Movement_01_034”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Dark_Eerie_Droning_Airy_Mystery”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Force_filed_Pulsating_hum_drome_lfe_43778”, on ZapSplat
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ZapSplat. (2019). “Outer_Space_Ambience_002_44331”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Medium_sized_Electric_fly_by_whistle_hum_fast_001_48024”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Sweep_Chopper_Stutter_Dark_004_36652”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Sweep_Chopper_Stutter_Fast_Dark_Chorus_001_36655”, on ZapSplat ZapSplat. (2019). “Reversed_Broken_Glass_003_11796”, on ZapSplat
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Film Production
MUSIC Shiro Sagisu, (1995, November 22). “Marking Time, Waiting for Death,” track 19 on Neon Genesis Evangelion, The King Record label Starchild, KICA-286, 1995, compact disc.
DRAWINGS 01 - Past Imaginations of Future Landscapes:: Timeline & Chronicle 02 - Landscape Literacy and Human History and Future:: Timelines 03 - Future System Dynamics:: Diagrams 04 - Outer Space Masses Structure and Content:: Diagram 05 - Map of the Survival Network:: Isometric Map Parametric Analysis 06 - Zero-G Field Livestock Breeding - SPACE BUTCHERS:: Digital Painting 07 - Deep Space Drilling Operation - ICE RUSH:: Digital Painting 08 - Astroculture and Colonization - MARTIAN PARADISE:: Digital Painting 09 - The Galaclympic Games - CLIMBING CONTINUUM:: Digital Painting 10 - Engineers in Vacuum - BOUNDLESS CONNECTRON-FIELD:: Digital Painting
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Film Production
11 - The First Heaven - THE BLUER MARBLE:: Digital Painting
DRAWING PRODUCTION Adobe Illustrator CC Adobe Photoshop CC ArcMap 10.5.1
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AutoCAD 2019 Rhino 6:: Python | Grasshopper | Kangaroo
VIDEO EDITING Adobe Photoshop CC Cyberlink PowerDirector 18 Pro
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Film Production
NARRATION Mike
CAST Tsz Yung Kity, PANG
EDITED & DIRECTED BY Chun Yin Tony, YUEN
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Endnotes
iv - Endnotes 1 Extracted from the speech by Stephen Hawking at London’s Royal Society 2017, it was regarded as setting the tone for discussions in Starmus Festival later on. 2
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Humanity refers to human beings collectively, disregard race, sex and age.
3 1. End-Ordovician 443 million years ago, sea level falling by 100m, wiping out 60-70% of all species. 2. Late Devonian 360 million years ago, prolonged climate change hitting life in shallow seas, killing 70% of species. 3. Permian-Triassic 250 million years ago, massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia caused global warming, over 95% of species perished. 4. Triassic-Jurassic 200 million years ago, huge outburst of volcanism, ž species were lost. 5. Cretaceous-Tertiary 65 million years ago, a giant asteroid impact after large volcanic eruptions, end of dinosaurs and ammonites. 4
The Goddess of land in Greek Mythology, here refers to the Earth.
5 Such as crop failure, change in ecosystem, increase pest and disease and affect human well-being. 6 A particular branch of study or sphere of activity or interest, here refers to the practice and study of landscape and landscape architecture. 7 Space habitat, including space colony, settlement, living environment in space which supports human life. 8 Human activities and their relationships with the site are regarded as site context in landscape discipline, this will become blank before colonizing a habitable planet.
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Endnotes
9 A conceptual term in transhumanism, named when some of the individuals successfully transcend in gravity free state, gaining power in both physical and psychological conditions. A speculation was done here as assuming humans are unavoidably forced to migrate in space and breakthrough the biological boundary defined in the past. 10 The definition of astronaut in United State. Different definition is made by Federation Aeronautique Internationale which recognizes the Karman line (100km above the Earth surface). 11 The first international law was set in 1919 and reinforced in Chicago Convention in 1944. All consents, agreements, principles discussed by different parties later on based on these consents. 12
Free market as best guarantor of the right to human enhancement.
13 Equal access to technology enhancements and open up resources and criticise the socio-political classes. 14 Perpetual progress of self-transformation, practical optimism, intelligent technology, open society, self-direction and rational thinking.
15 The private company founded in 2002 to revolutionize space technology, especially in rockets and spacecrafts. It is often compared with NASA for the cost of rocket launch-
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Endnotes
ing. 16
Devon Island has similar environmental variables with that on Mars.
17 Hard Science Fiction is defined by its rigorous attitude of demonstrating actual science or logical technological imaginations.
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Records of interim reviews & responses
v - Records of interim reviews & responses Review Date and Required Deliverables MLA Thesis 1st Interim Review Presentation and review focus: Proposition, research and preliminary design Session A Time: April 2, 2020 11:55 Panel: Bin Jiang; Mathew Pryor; Xiaoxuan Lu
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(1) Deliverables: Minimum three A0 (or similar area) digital panels as separate JPEG files, formatted: • JPEG medium compression; • RGB colorspace; • And 150 DPI. (2)
Presentation slides as a single PDF (at 16:9 aspect ratio, A4 Landscape orientation, or similar).
MLA Thesis 2nd Interim Review Presentation and review focus: Design resolution Session C Time: April 23, 2020 09:00 Panel: Scott Melbourne; Vincci Mak; Xiaoxuan Lu
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Records of interim reviews & responses
(1) Deliverables: Minimum four A0 (or similar area) digital panels as separate JPEG files: • JPEG medium compression; • RGB colorspace; • And 150 DPI. MLA Thesis Final Review Presentation and review focus: All Session B, Panel 1 Time: June 15, 2020 12:30 Panel: Nasrine Seraji; Valter Vieira; Jason Hilgefort; Natalia Echeverri; Vincci Mak; Xiaoxuan Lu (1) Deliverables: Minimum six A0 (or similar area) digital panels as separate JPEG files: • JPEG medium compression; • RGB colorspace; • And 150 DPI.
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Records of interim reviews & responses
First Interim Review Submitted files:
286
File Name
Description
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Panel_1_W2400xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
Timeline for humanity and landscape development and world system diagrams.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Panel_3_W1189xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
Planetary physical characteristics and necessities for survival network.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Panel_2_W420xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
The survival network with energy and resource transfers in different stages.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Model Rendering_1.png
Overview of the conceptual model for human migration and shifting identities.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Model Rendering_2.png
Zoom in of the conceptual model for human migration and shifting identities.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Thesis Trailer#1_Windows_15fps.wmv
Trailer for thesis assumptions and background.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Presentation_Asp16_9.pdf
Presentation slides.
Presented file: File Name
Description
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_1_Review_Presentation_Asp16_9.pdf
Presentation slides.
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Records of interim reviews & responses
Pinup Overview
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Comments and Responses Mathew:
Okay, Tony. Very different, I don’t think we’ve had one of these before. Two questions for you, what is landscape and what in your thesis is the role of the Landscape Architect?
Tony:
Answering the first question, I think landscape could be defined by four different…I mean landscape itself is a combination of human involvement, infrastructure, the land, and what we have created.
Mathew:
That’s your working definition for this thesis?
Tony:
Yes.
Mathew: Obviously natural areas have landscape but maybe you can define it anyway you want, but I think it’s important that you define what you’re talking about. Tony:
Yes.
Mathew:
When you’re talking about landscape because that then underpins what the role of the Landscape Architect might be in the formation or the management of the landscape.
Tony:
Well, I think human involvement would be a crucial element for defining the landscape because obviously without human, landscape is not landscape. The concept of landscape is created by human.
Mathew:
You can take that as your definition. I think that there are other
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Records of interim reviews & responses
definitions in landscape but it’s okay to take an anthropocentric view of landscape and clearly for your thesis. That is sensible because you’re projecting landscapes that are then created on remote planets or what have you.
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However, what landscape that is, whether that’s replication of terrestrial earthbound landscapes that are, can then support terrestrial life-forms, i.e. humans. Both of which are alien to any other planet, in many of these conceptions about living on the Moon or Mars or what have you. The idea is to just take a piece of the Earth and put it there and then put a big dome over the top of it and have it in a bubble, so it is essentially other from the basis of the planet.
Tony:
This thesis is trying to raise the questions towards the past imaginations more future outer space living.
Mathew:
Well, I think you can also look at the practical experiments such as the biosphere. You know people living in a bubble for a year and see what sort of landscape they generated and whether it was designed or whether it was just born out of practical necessity for, to support other functions in life. But to me, what is landscape and how are you positioning the landscape architect within your thesis is the key questions.
Tony:
Yes, to answer your second question, as I said I am speculating a dilution of the concept of landscape architecture in outer space environment so I assume that the role of Landscape Architects will be diluted or changed to other forms, like other forms of jobs or maybe even space architects etc.
Mathew:
Well, it is landscape architecture particularly or essentially an earthbound
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Records of interim reviews & responses
definition.
Tony:
For my definition, yes.
Mathew:
As far as I know I don’t know there are any landscape architects in outer space, on extraterrestrial projects but certainly be fun to be first.
Tony: I am also creating a reflection for myself and the audiences. Is that the future landscape you want to live, and you want to work with? What kind of questions you need to think beforehand before you go into the outer space environment? And more philosophically, is landscape “landscape” in outer space? Mathew:
I think these are interesting questions.
Tony: I would say this is rather an open-ended thesis that makes reflections than providing solutions. Bin:
This is obviously a very good adventure and if we can do a big job to really recognize, and also for this type of practice. You used most of time talking about the new systematic ideas and new systems where human beings were living. It let me think about what I mentioned in classes, like design competition of the spaceship when people travel from the Earth to other planets. So right now, the limitation of the travel is very limited by the velocity of light. If we’re talking about the master processing, actually is how the people can be sustainable not just for years but maybe for generations in the spaceship.
You can at least to travel to a nearby livable planet, so another thing is
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292
that after you landed on the planet, maybe it’s a little bit barren or bizarre in any type of conditions but you are thinking you have a chance to really build up habitats for human beings, so it’s a kind of step-by-step science. I am wondering whether you have a plan to really visualize those kinds of difficulties, maybe a baby step from the first one, second one, third one… until you build up like a totally new system in another galaxy or something which is very far future. Maybe not three thousand years later, maybe it’s like one million years later.
Tony:
To explain this I will have to go into the details of the system dynamics, but here I am assuming that the advance of technology could support us to go into the outer space area and gather pieces of ecology from other cosmic bodies to sustain our living.
For example, here I am speculating the innovation of technology could help us to perform asteroid mining from living in zero gravity environment. The asteroid components basically contain of dirt metals and ice so basically these are the essential elements which we need in order to survive in outer space environment so that’s why I’m calling these a “Survival Network” in the star map. What I have done is trying to analyze different Astro-bodies and trying to speculate their distance in relation to the orbital paths as a way to illustrate the future survival network and how it can perform. Bin:
But I would challenge you…when you talk about this drawing system… if we go to the first page you just showed, this idea basically the logic behind this kind of diagram is still like a linear process, is combined with different types of linear process. But this type of thinking is the type of logic as an answer for your future, I am not very sure, to be honest, because
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Records of interim reviews & responses
maybe from the perspective of science, this type of linear process logical thinking is quite a basic model.
There were a lot of different mathematic models are emerging, that is not just to connect one dot to another dot. It’s like a confusion almost quite alternative …quite uncertainty actual, it’s very deep and very mysterious for me. Tony:
Maybe I should explain Howard’s work a little bit more because I think Howard was not doing a single flow system diagram, but he drew boundaries for the specific areas he interested in. For example, the Silver Spring ecosystem, he drew a boundary on that area and the external forces such as rain and sunlight and other kinds of outer factors that affected the closed system within the boundary.
Obviously, my diagrams are not comparable to his diagrams because in my diagrams, there is no obvious starting point or ending point, so I see there is always a loop between different systems and there is a loop for the whole systematic universe. Bin: I don’t know the answer, but I have a hunch this kind of a system dynamics is like a mindset of the early 21 century. If we’re talking about 1000 years later, it could be the idea of the whole. How to design the system could be much different.
- END -
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Records of interim reviews & responses
Second Interim Review Submitted files:
294
File Name
Description
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Panel_1_W4260xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
Timeline and chronicle.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Panel_2_W2400xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
Timeline for humanity and landscape development and world system diagrams.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Panel_3_W420xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
Planetary physical characteristics and necessities for survival network.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Panel_4_W1189xH1800_ComM_150.jpg
The survival network with energy and resource transfers in different stages.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Panel_5_W1189xH841_ComM_150.jpg
Plot 1: Space Butchers
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Panel_6_W1189xH841_ComM_150.jpg
Plot 2: Ice Rush
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Model Rendering_1.png
Overview of the conceptual model for human migration and shifting identities.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Model Rendering_2.png
Zoom in of the conceptual model for human migration and shifting identities.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Thesis Trailer#1_Windows_15fps.wmv
Trailer for thesis assumptions and background.
Presented files: File Name
Description
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Presentation_Asp16_9.pdf
Presentation slides.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_2_Review_Thesis Trailer#1_Windows_15fps.wmv
Trailer for thesis assumptions and background.
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Pinup Overview
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Comments and Responses Vincci:
I think the topic is great, I’m very excited. And I guess well, because of the time… maybe the middle part of the research, how different scholars or scientist, experts explore the outside world the possibility of humankind living the same way we may live in space. I think that part probably would be great for us to have more time to digest a bit.
But I think how that will be presented probably you know the answers, you’ve dug into that research, but how that is helping us to relate or translate to your future proposals, how when we really live in space. I’m curious to know more about that part.
Scott:
Yeah, I wonder…Tony, is that what you’re thinking of ? Like this is trying to learn from these past representations of these kind of science fiction features, to actually try to get insight into like a post-earth humanity? Or is it actually something different? It seems to me like it might be something different…I don’t know…
Tony:
I am trying to utilize the past imaginations from fictions as a way to understand how people are projecting future humanity in outer space environment so as a starting point of the thesis, and also the work is actually analyzing the past resources as a method to understand the world system. How it works in different fictions, and then I try to give a more concrete system development in the system diagrams and see what works and what doesn’t.
Scott:
Overall, I think it’s great that you’re taking on such an ambitious and unique… what is unique or not I don’t know. But obviously looking at the
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Records of interim reviews & responses
current details, I think that there is a bit of place for that with the thesis. And I think that one like yours, maybe it’s especially tricky reviewing that process. You know because you’re right in the mix of all this right now, and we see that in your drawings and your ways of thinking which is really excellent.
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I think what will be really important for you…you know I wrote down while you’re presenting is that, it’s important that you land the spaceship. If your thesis is a spaceship, that’s shot off and it’s in orbit and it’s doing on this right now…even if humanity might be leaving the Earth you need to bring your thesis spaceship back down and I think that the framing of it isn’t able to be. It’s gonna be most important for that, just thinking about what it is, that you are really trying to gain new insight regarding, and how you talk about that.
Tony:
I’ll say this thesis is more about like asking questions and having reflections rather than designing a spatial relationship between human…
Scott:
It is totally fine to start with these questions, but they have to lead to some insight. That’s the thing. Like you have to be able to come do the search and have this kind of confetti up on the wall, and then like draw a line, and then tell us something. And so that’s after nine months, after all, here’s the thing I learn. And that’s what will make it a thesis rather than just an indulgence. You have to find a way to do that.
Vincci:
I was going to say that I guess because of the rather fictional aspect or there is a lot of unknown? I guess well, I haven’t been to space so I don’t know, but some people may say…When Scott was suggesting maybe you have to land the spaceship. I was also thinking it depends on how Tony you
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Records of interim reviews & responses
as the author of the story, whether you want to land the spaceship or not. But I guess the beginning or the middle part, you may have to explain clearer whether that’s the intention and it’s true like when the final design strategy that the project, whether people will be eventually all living on the spaceship and just keep orbiting or really we are still referencing how we live on Earth, will be landed somewhere. I think that’s a good question to think about.
And that perhaps, can link back to some of the work that you shared early in the presentation, you showed how does the Earth condition known is or conditions are lots of issues to take care of, so I suppose in general that there are probably two cams. One is to say all right we have to find space outside this planet that humankind can continue; some are saying no we have to stay but we have to take care of this planet. I guess when you present later part of the work, I couldn’t really see yet. Maybe again it is already in your system, just that’s not too explicit. Are we sort of giving up the Earth problems and going to live in space? Or are we solving that the problems on this planet or we just go somewhere else, it’s fine we don’t have to take care of it? That wasn’t too clear to me.
Scott:
Yeah, Tony. Do you have a response to that?
Tony:
Yeah because the thesis as I said is starting with a speculative thoughts of the Earth facing catastrophic conditions where human can no longer tackle with their own technology to the Earth’s environment so actually they are forced… so I am assuming they’re forced to eject to outer space environment and find other places, other habitable places whether it is on Mars or on asteroids so the system diagrams is also speculating different phases of outer space living indeed.
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For example, the second phase is speculating humans are trying to be terraforming the Mars as an example and then the final stage of the human development will be also seeking for another hospitality beyond the Galaxy. I am trying to deal with the time based on the assumptions.
Scott:
I was also wondering about, because whether or not you’re intending to kind of formalize a scenario building, that basically you’re building a scenario for a future body that you’re anticipating and learning from the past representations of landscape and science fiction to apply to understanding for a future scenario that you outlined.
So that’s just pretty straightforward approach actually and if that’s the case then I think you shouldn’t hide it, you should probably just go ahead and embrace it. And for clarity of discussion, maybe you go ahead and say I’m looking at ideas that would be example applied to terraforming Mars, you need to say that. You notice it comes to turn into that, there’s not many options, like. Was it a Class-H planet? Is that what it is? We don’t have any others in our solar system and so honestly, I think you should probably embrace that. And if that feels too practical, then may be kind of step back. You don’t have to work on that scenario, but you have to find it, like I said some other way of framing the study that can lead to something that is identifiable as a kind of insight.
Vincci:
Our time is up, maybe some wrapping up and comments will be good.
Lu:
Maybe a quick reflection? I think in a way those assigned science fictions as 1960s research about system dynamics, I think they embed the ambition of modeling our world as well as projecting into the future; what are the capacities of the environment, right? so I think in a way I agree with Scott,
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Records of interim reviews & responses
I think trying to frame your project in terms of this human ambitions of representing the world, and also recategorize those ambitions into a different system that you identify as a key survival aspects of the human’s future. Again, it’s still about storytelling, like how are you presenting you work. I think that is a main point we have been discussing in the past few minutes here.
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- END -
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Records of interim reviews & responses
First Interim Review Submitted files:
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File Name
Description
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_Final_Review_Panel_1_W4260xH1800_ComM_150
Timeline and chronicle.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_2_W2400xH1800_ComM_150
Timeline for humanity and landscape development and world system diagrams.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_3_W420xH1800_ComM_150
Planetary physical characteristics and necessities for survival network.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_4_W1189xH1800_ComM_150
The survival network with energy and resource transfers in different stages.
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_5_W1189xH841_ComM_150
Plot 1: Space Butchers
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_6_W1189xH841_ComM_150
Plot 2: Ice Rush
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_7_W1189xH841_ComM_150
Plot 3: Martian Paradise
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_8_W1189xH841_ComM_150
Plot 4: Climbing Continuum
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_9_W1189xH841_ComM_150
Plot 5: Boundless Connectron Field
YUEN_Tony_Thesis_ Final _Review_Panel_10_W1189xH841_ComM_150
Plot 6: The Bluer Marble
Presented file: File Name
Description
VanishingString_Final_v9_HD_1080-30p.wmv
A thesis film.
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Pinup Overview
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Acknowledgements
vi - Acknowledgements
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The thesis written herein was performed under ARCH7299 Landscape Thesis, 2019-2020 Spring Semester, by the Division of Landscape Architecture, the Department of Architecture, the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Hong Kong. Xiaoxuan Lu, Assistant Professor in the Division of Landscape Architecture, HKU, was the Thesis Supervisor (stream – Boarder Landscape/ le voisinage), guided the early development of the thesis proposal and offered constructive advices in theoretical research and disciplinary design process.
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Ashley Scott Kelly, Assistant Professor in the Division of Landscape Architecture, HKU, was the Thesis Coordinator. His effort in arranging thesis reviews and offering thesis guidelines is appreciated. The thesis preparation was performed under ARCH7291 Thesis Preparation, 2019-2020 Fall Semester, by the Division of Landscape Architecture, the Department of Architecture, the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Hong Kong. Cecilia L. Chu, Associate Professor in the Division of Landscape Architecture, HKU, was the Course Instructor, leaded the departure of this thesis. Acknowledges the contribution of Mike, dedicated narrator, assisted in thesis film production. Special thanks to Pang Tsz Yung Kity For her full support in thesis construction & patience in daily thesis debates and discussions over past years.
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Statement of Academic Integrity
vii - Statement of Academic Integrity
STATEMENT OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY The author of this thesis has read and understand the Policy on Research Integrity and the Policy on Student Plagiarism in Undergraduate and Taught Postgraduate Curricula issued by the University of Hong Kong. The thesis has followed the Principles of Research Integrity and Good Research Practices stated in the Policy on Research Integrity and the author understands any research misconduct will enter the Procedures for Dealing with Misconduct in Research. The author understands the Scope, Definition and General Principles of plagiarism stated in the Policy on Student Plagiarism in Undergraduate and Taught Postgraduate Curricula, plagiarism found in this thesis will be subject to consequences from the University of Hong Kong. In respect to the above, the author of the thesis had pursued his work in professional manner with honesty. All the data and materials by the other authors, used in thesis, have been identified and properly cited. Whole credits have been given to contributors in thesis construction.
Yuen Chun Yin Tony MLA2 Student | Class Representative 20 June 2020
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