Fang_Yu_860020_FinalJournal

STUDIO AIR 2018, SEMESTER 1, Moyshie Yu Fang 860020

I am Yu Fang.

Currently, I am in Bachelor of Environment and major in Architecture.

Architecture is the way I choose to make money for life before I find what I really enjoy to do which seems not even exist.

I want to make good money which means I need to be a good architect by making great efforts on my subjects.

So, Hail Architecture!

2

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION

2 PART C

PartA TABLE OF CONTENTS

ORIGIN

58-59

SITE ANALYSIS

60-63

3

A.1

4-5

A.2

6-8

A.3

9-10

A.4

11

A.5

11

A.6

12-13

BIBLIORGARHY

53

CONCEPTIONS OF ATTACK

64-65

AGGREGATION

66-69

TECTONIC ELEMENTS&PROTOTYPES

70-73

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

74-75

RENDERING THEME1

76-87

RENDERING THEME2

88-91

BIBLIORGARHY

92-93

PartB B.1

18-19

B.2A

20-24

B.2B

25-26

B.2C

27-35

B.3

36-37

B.4+B.5

38-47

B.6

48-51

B.7

52

BIBLIORGARHY

53

B.8

54-55

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3

A.1 DESIGN FUTURING BLUR BUILDING By DS+R

FIG.1: BLUR BUILDING

With the development of technologies and economuy under the antheropocentric mode, sadly human beings is leaded to the path to autodestructive which has been exposed as the over consumption of resources and deteriorating natural environment.1 Desgin is regarded as a force which can be used to shape the world , which needs to get rid of the consenus of democracy desgin and unsustainability, so the remake of design is the first step of redirection towarding to sustainability. 2 This change of design(redirection) can lead to the change of value that people might used to be familiar with. 3 Generally speaking, the way to achieve sustainablity for designer is to think out of the existed frame and still based on the realism at the same time.

The precdents used are Blur Building by Diller Scofidio + Renfro (DS+R) in 2002 and the Hopfengaertner’s Belief Systems (2009) (although it is not an architectural design, I think it has stong connection with my firt precedent and ispiration for the overall argument). The Blur Building is a temporary pavillion built for the Swiss EXPO 2002. The Blur Building can be regarded as a experiment of redirection of design in architecture.

Instead of focusing on structure, the Blur Building aims to emphasis the atmoshpere of created by the building . The perimary material of this building is water, whcih is shooted through 31500 high-pressure mist nozzles to make the artificial cloud around its structure as shown in Fig1,24.

Because the building is covered by mist and noise of shooting water, visitor’s visual and aucustic sense is wiped out. Visitors will rely on the “barincoat” which tracks their location and send it back to the smart system. 5 Then the smart system will based on the research for the visitors to change the color of coat to show the degree of attraction or repulsion when viosiots pass ecahothers. In Blur Building, the research paper done by visitors found the data base of smart system. Then the system releases digital signal after processed the informations, which makes the building runs based on data-based system, which can be developed to include muti-aspects of life and become a possiblity of building form in the future.

1. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg),p2 2. Tony, Desgin Futuring, p10 3. Tony, Desgin Futuring, p10 4. Blur Building, Michael Brooks, Designing Buildind Wiki, 15/5/2018, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Blur_Building 5. Blur Building, arcspace, 19/7/2012, https://arcspace.com/feature/blur-building/

4

DESIGN FUTURING

FIG.2: BLUR BUILDING

Combination of parametric and algorithmetic method with building design has been done for years such as grasshopper. I think the next level that exposed by the Blur Building is to make the sysem run the building and further manage some aspects of people’s life though the building.

The building in the future may not only be a terminal but also an agent and plate between people and data.

Further more, the feeling that the Blur Building created is also different with traditional way. It intend to make the atomosphere of unknowing which most likely bring the visitors into fear and chaos,6 which can be reagrded as the dark design.

Speak of dark design,it means to try the possibilities that beyound the general limitation of emtional and physical experiences. Dark design could be used to remind people that the possibilities of reality includes the scary parts.7 My second precedent is a definately dark design which searchs the possibility of making machine/system to read human mind by micro expression on human face. 8 The theory is called Bernd Hopfengaertner’s Belief Systems (2009). However, this system seem to be the ultimate version of input method for the “braincoat” system in the future, which also proves the value of thinking out of the frame and dark design which I think could be discribed as a part of design redirection. Although those changes of desgin in the future might have potential dangers such as the insecurity of people’s privaty , I think it worth to try to find the possibility to achieve sustainability by discovering a kind of parametric pattern of life. The nuclear boom has been invented for 73 years and I am still alive, so I think we should have some faith on ourselves.

In conclusion, the deisgn of Blur Building and Hopfengaertner’s Belief Systems indicate the possibility of parametric and algorithmtic world in the future, which is helpful to use the resource more reasonable and efficient.

6. Blur Building, arcspace, 19/7/2012 7. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) p38 8. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona, Speculative Everything, p38

DESIGN FUTURING

5

Bernd Hopfengaertner’s Belief Systems

FIG.3: BERND HOPFENGGAERTNER’S BELIEF SYSTEMS

FIG.4: MODELS OF LONDON CITY HALL 6

DESIGN COMPUTATION

A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION LONDON CITY HALL By Norman Foster

FIG.5: LONDON CITY HALL

Computer has been involved into design area for a few decades. Design is disribed as the pross of problem solving to change current situation to desired situation when the solution is not obvious.1 Based on my understanding, I’d like to define “design” as the solution-finding process.

Designer’s job is to combine the insufficient informations with their talent t to achieve goals. Computer has been used as a analytical engines which is faster and with less mistakes, however the old way to use computer in design process is just as drafting and modeling system whcih can not help designer to test the mutiple possible solution and make a rational estiamation. 2 The next step of that is to bring parametric and algorithmtic way into design which results two of my precedents. The first one is the Londen City Hall(Fig5) which is designed by Norman Foster and built from 1998 to 2003. 3 The design of this building is considered to minimize the area of its facade exposed under solar radiation. In order to achieve this, a sphere is introduced to its desgin which can give a minium perimeter of the building. The building is deconstructed into a single ellipse on the XY-plane, which is repeated along the Z-axis. The basic transformations applied to the starting twodimensional shape are movement and scaling along the X- and Z- axes.4The movement of the shape is producing the nine-storey building. The logical relationship of parts and whole within parametric design system can be seen. Results can be varity(Fig) and can be selected throguh software to perfect the solution. 5 The shape of building is created in parameteric way to bring environmental benefits.

In this project, non-orthogonal gemoetry has benn greatly used(window frames and steel frames) which can be regarded as the evidence that the parameteric design redefine and combine with the material system. With parametric and algorithmtic design, textlie tectonic is given new possiblity.6

1. Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), p3.

2. Kalay, Yehuda E,Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design.p4 3. Vassileios Kourkoutas, Parametric Form Finding in Contemporary Architecture,2007, p19 4. Vassileios Kourkoutas, Parametric Form Finding in Contemporary Architecture,2007, p19.

5. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), p3 6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), p5

DESIGN COMPUTATION

7

Metropol Parasol By J. Mayer H

FIG.6: METROPOL PARASOL

The Metropol Parasol is the biggest wooden building in the world. it is built for fill a under-used city space. This building is located in in Sevilla, Spain conceived in 2004.1 The feature of parametric design is very obviously shown by its structure. The parametric method imporve the possibility of material. Although the mega timber pavillion is impressive and generated through parametric way, it is still considered as the “old” by me. Compared with London City Hall, the parametric design of Metropol Parasol didn’t try to achieve a certain goal ( for example, to minimize the solar radiation gain for London City Hall). In another words, Metropol Parasol didn’t have the uniqueness because it didnt be given a certain standard to give the designer or computer to use to select from various results.

Based on the description in Theories of the Digital in Architecture: “While the digital in architecture does support the emergence of certain distinctive geometric preferences and aesthetic effects it cannot be said to be deterministic with respect to architectural form.”, the Metropol Parasol maybe can not be called digital architecture but the digital art in architecture.2 For the future, beyond the material, parametric and algorithmtic, the biological influence maybe the next element that will join in the process to create a second nature. 3 As can be seen, the parametric design is developoing from generating various possible solutions( Metropol Parasol) to involving into the selection of best solution( London City Hall) and further towards to finding and creating the order of second nature.

1. Metropol Parasol, australian design review, Dec, 1, 2011, https://www.australiandesignreview.com/architecture/ metropol-parasol/ 2. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), p7 3. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), p8 8

DESIGN COMPUTATION

FIG.7: LAYERS OF METROPOL PARASOL

A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION BEIJING National Stadium, “The Bird’s Nest” By Herzog and de Meuron

FIG.8: BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM

Architecture now is shifting from drawing to algorithmic method.

The computation is described as : ‘the processing of information and interactions between elements which constitute a specific environment; it provides a framework for negotiating and influencing the interrelation of datasets of information, with the capacity to generate complex order, form, and structure.’ 2 For the relationship between man and computer,gerneally speaking, insteading of drawing the building on software, it’s about to design a system that designs the building, which is also called generative desgin. 3 Of course, the generative design is algorithm based. It uses structural, material, environmental features as the parameters to create architectual forms that can be simulated also through computer. Furthermore, the logical algorithmic system is able to track the performance of building during the occupation of the building, where feedback between users, building and environment is updated in the digital model and reflected in changes in the building and its performance, which matches my furture thinking about Blur Building in A1 to some degree.4 1

The precedent here is the BeiJing National Stadium, which is desgined

by Herzog and de Meuron and built in for 2008 BeiJing Olympic Games.5 It is a great example of generative desgin through algorithmic method. The parametric and algorithmic desgin through computer helps to work out the sightlines, the bowl geometry, airflow to keep the grass in good condition, seismic studies and the design of the external envelope.6 Although the frame looks a complex, it is 1. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83,p10 2.Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, p11 3. Angus W. Stocking, L.S., Architecture Gets an Upgrade: Generative Design Expands Design Possibilities, viewed 8/8/2018, http://www.infrastructurewriting.com/portfolio/magazine-article-written-for-bentley-systems/ .

4. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83,p14.

5. Michael Webb, National Stadium in Beijing by Herzog and de Meuron , the architectural review, 2/11/2015, https://www.architectural-review.com/ 6. Beijing National Stadium, ‘The Bird’s Nest’, Design Build, viewed 8/8/2018, https://www.designbuild-network. com/projects/national_stadium/

FIG.9: MODELING OF BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM

actually based on a serious algothms which is impossible to be calculated out by human force due to its scale. Software was used to make sure that the web of twisting steel sections fitted together, as they have to twist and bend to follow the surface accurately.1 Parts of building desgin( layout, connection, material) is becoing an entirety in algothrimic desgin.

1.Beijing National Stadium, ‘The Bird’s Nest’, Design Build, viewed 8/8/2018, https://www.designbuild-network. com/projects/national_stadium/ COMPOSITION/GENERATION 9

JYVÄSKYLÄ MUSIC AND ARTS CENTER By OCEAN NORTH

JYVÄSKYLÄ MUSIC AND ART CENTER is desgined by OCEAN NORTH. This project starts from 1997 and continous to be developed in 2004. 1The geometric, spatial, material and ambient articulation have been redesigned based on its original conception.

“OCEAN NORTH devised an iterative morphogenetic process that grows the project bottom-up. The scripted growth process evolves primary, secondary and tertiary lattice systems and is informed by rules pertaining to 1] the location, orientation and density of the struts that make up the lattice systems; 2] structural, light, acoustic and other functional requirements; 3] phase 01 design guidelines”2 which shows how the digital infromation can echo with the change of environment and how implementation of digital morphogenesis has emerged as a prominent model of informed performative design in architecture.3 Also can be seen from this project, the parametric method re-define the practice through providing simulations for various situations.4

and technolog.

FIG.10:JYVÄSKYLÄ MUSIC AND ART CENTER

Through Beijing National Stadium and JYVÄSKYLÄ MUSIC AND ART CENTER, the advantages of algorithmic desgin are obvious. Firstly, it is much efficent and accurate to design building with enormous scale, because algorithms is able to generate the building. Secondly, compared with the traditional desgin process, systems of a building which involves constructural and engineering aspects are considered as parameters that effects the building performance. Thirdly, parametic systems and algorithic methd allow designers to simulate various possiblities and selcet the one that fits the environment best. On the other hand, the defects of algorithmic design is that not all functions are algorithmically describable which is proved by TURING 1936 and the problems due to deficiency of buildability, budget 1. Jyväskylä Music and Art Center, achimmenge, viewed 8/8/2018/ http://www.achimmenges.net/?p=4454 2. Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center , Ocean design research association, viewed 8/8/2018, https://www.oceandesignresearch.net/index.php/design-mainmenu-39/architecture-mainmenu-40/jyvylainmenu-68 3.Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, Theories of the Digital in Architecture [London; New York: Routledge, 2014], pp.1-10 ,p7.

4. Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2 [2013], p11 10

COMPOSITION/ GENERATION

FIG.11`:JYVÄSKYLÄ MUSIC AND ART CENTER

A.4 CONCLUSION In conclusion, I am really into the algorithmic design which uses a serious algorithms to analyse parameters to generate the building form.

It is revolutionary and changing the position of architecture. For the past decades, architects has been released from drwaing on paper and move forward to draw on computer. The next stage of architects with algorithmic design is to think the relationship and logical connection between parameters and algorithms. Furthermore, it not only change the way of design, but also effects the result of design process. Through this way, building could be given a better performance in fitting certain environment and clients. The significance of algorithmic design should not be limited just in architecture. Without any doubt, we can make the world more efficient which means less consumption which means design futuring. With the development of technologies, maybe one day algrithmic design parameterize every relevant features on the earth to simulate and provide us the new way of living with the longest future.

A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. The situation that we are facing, we are no longer just design to satisfy our clients in the future. As a designer, it is our reponsibility to design futuring.

2. I had a new and clear understanding about parametric and algorithmic design. I used to think they are just another way to design.

Now, I know they are superior of traditional way and the algothmic design indicates new possiblity to achieve better design.

3.Part A learning help me build a basic understanding of algothms and parameters and introduce me some basic skill of grasshopper. I am going to think the logical relationship between parts of the project rather than just simply design visually.

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

A.6 ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

12

ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

13

BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE 1. OCEAN, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center [OCEAN Design Research Assocaition, 2004] <https://www.oceandesignresearch.net/index.php/design-mainmenu-39/architecturemainmenu-40/jyvylainmenu-68> viewed 8/8/2018

IMAGES Coverpage, Planet Design, Black abstraction, http://planet-design.com. ua/gallery/wallpaper-of-the-week-black-abstraction/, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig1, Modlar, Blurbuilding, https://www.modlar.com/ photos/1736/blur-building-exterior/, viewed 1/8/2018.

2. Oxman, Rivka and Oxman, Robert, Theories of the Digital in Architecture [London; New York: Routledge, 2014]

Fig2, Archidaily,Blur building, https://www.archdaily.

3. Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2 [2013]

architecture?ad_medium=gallery, viewed 1/8/2018.

com/795388/when-droplets-create-space-a-look-at-liquid-

4. Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice [Oxford: Berg, 2008]

Fig3, Berndhopfengaertner, bernd hopfenggaertner’s belief systems, http://

5. Dunne, Anthony and Raby, Fiona, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction and Social Dreaming [MIT Press, 2013]

Fig4, Fosterandpartners, Development of London City Hall, https://www.

www.berndhopfengaertner.net/projects/belief-systems/, viewed 1/8/2018. fosterandpartners.com/projects/city-hall/#development, viewed 8/8/2018.

6.Kalay, Yehuda E. Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 2004)

Fig5, London City hall, https://www.fosterandpartners.com/

7. Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press 1999)

Fig6, Metropol Parasol, https://www.lafargeholcim-foundation.org/

8. Menges, Archim, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center [archimmenges, 2004]

projects/city-hall/#development, viewed 8/8/2018. media/news/projects/metropol-parasol-seville-spain,viewed 8/8/2018.

9. Australian design review, Metropol Parasol, Dec, 1, 2011, https://www. australiandesignreview.com/architecture/metropol-parasol/ (viewed 8/8/2018)

Fig 7,Exploded Axonometric of the Site Source: http://alog.

10.Angus W. Stocking, L.S., Architecture Gets an Upgrade: Generative Design Expands Design Possibilities, http://www.infrastructurewriting.com/ portfolio/magazine-article-written-for-bentley-systems/ viewed 8/8/2018.

0419331ff2d7.aspx#. W2mhkSgzbt8, viewed 8/8/2018

11. Michael Webb, National Stadium in Beijing by Herzog and de Meuron , the architectural review, 2/11/2015, https:// www.architectural-review.com/ viewed 8/8/2018

auric.or.kr/CRIC1635/Post/1844e3ff-5e99-4457-821eFig 8,Thousand Wonders, Beijing National Stadium, https://www. thousandwonders.net/Beijing+National+Stadium, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig9,Algorithmic Boogie, Beijing Olympic stadium, https://libertecture. wordpress.com/2014/01/28/algorithmic-boogie-beijing-olympic-

12.Beijing National Stadium, ‘The Bird’s Nest’, Design Build, https://www. designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/, viewed 8/8/2018.

stadium-case-study-gsapp-adr-i-13/, viewed 8/8/2018.

13. Vassileios Kourkoutas, Parametric Form Finding in Contemporary Architecture,2007, 07/06/2007, viewed 8/8/2018.

www.evolo.us/jyvaskyla-music-and-art-center-ocean-

Fig10, Marjia, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center, http:// north-achim-menges/, viewed 8/8/2018.

14. Michael Brooks, Blur Building, Designing Buildind Wiki, 15/5/2018, https:// www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Blur_Building viewed 1/8/2018.

Fig11, OCEAN, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center,https://www.

15. Arcspace, Blur Building,19/7/2012, https://arcspace. com/feature/blur-building/ viewed 1/8/2018.

architecture-mainmenu-40/jyvylainmenu-68, viewed 8/8/2018.

14 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ocean-designresearch.net/index.php/design-mainmenu-39/

CONCEPTUALISATION 15

STUDIO AIR PART B 2018, SEMESTER 1, Moyshie Yu Fang 860020

16

CONCEPTUALISATION

Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS B.1

18-19

B.2A

20-24

B.2B

25-26

B.2C

27-35

B.3

36-37

B.4+B.5

38-47

B.6

48-51

B.7

52

BIBLIORGARHY

53

B.8

54-55

TABLE OF CONTENTS

17

B.1 RECURSIVE AGGREGATION Recursive tectonics by Ayax Abreu Garcia

Generally speaking, recursive aggregation can be described as the system that applys its outcomes as the inputs for the next round run of algorithm. The circle will never end untill gnerating the satisfied outcome.

The image 12 is a desgin created through recursive aggregation by the arhcitect Ayax Abreu Garcia.1 Compared with the traditonal way of desgin, the advantages of recurisive aggregation method is that its outcome consists of a serious of same component, which means that all the lements are planar and self-similar, so it is easiler to adjust, copy and combine without introducing any new component into the system.2

FIG.12: RECURISVE TECTONICS

A kind of relationship that runs through all the algorithmic desgin is to design the building as whole, which has been emphasised by the recursive aggregation method. More specificly, the old style of architecutre gives a certain part of building such as wall, column a certain function.

However, the recursive method achieve the structure by repeating the basic component.3 Furthermore, the recursive degisn fuses the design process of structure and exterior and interior of building.4 Another advantage of recurisvie desgin from its nature that is its single component repetation seems fit the “file to fatctory” process profectly which is to use the desgin of building as the base to manufacturing process. In the result of that, design could be developed in constructablity, continuity and efficiency (pre-manufactured compared with working on site).5 The recursive aggregation is the foundation of true genetic architecture, because both of them is based on their components which is the cell created and organised by DNA(algorithm). Howvever, the true process of genetic design includes applying the gene crossover and mutation and the natural selection on design.6 In order to achieve the genetic architecture, the input method of the environmental feature, the algorithm that analyse the data to make selection, and even controllable random changes of paramater to imitate the mutation of organism.

1. Recursive Tectonics, Laka, https://lakareacts.com/winners/recursive-tectonics/, viewed 25/8/2018.

2. Recursive Tectonics, Laka.

3. Recursive Tectonics, Laka.

4. Kolarevic(2003), “Architecture in the Digital Age- Design and Manufacturing”, p13.

5. Kolarevic(2003), “Architecture in the Digital Age- Design and Manufacturing”, p31-33.

6. Kolarevic(2003), “Architecture in the Digital Age- Design and Manufacturing”, p23.

18

Recursive Aggregation

FIG.13: RECURISVE TECTONICS

B.1 GENETICS

THE UNIVERSAL INTERACTOR BY JOHN FRAZIE THE PORT AUTHORITY TRIPLE BRIDGE GATEWAY AND THE KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY BY GREG LYNN

As mentioned before, the true genetic degisn needs to interact with the environmental factors, which needs to parameterize the features related with the project in that certain environment.

The fig.13 is an example of collecting information from environment, which can be further used as paramater. It is The Universal Interactor in 1992.

The system is discribed as “a system 3 racks for standard circuit boards.

Each transmitter or reciver had one or more cotrolling cards in the racks.

Buffered connections from the rack to controlling computer enabled one or more of antennae to be activated at any moment. The data from each antenna was converted to digital form, allowing all the devices to communicate equally. The environmental information was fed to a simplified environmental model which formulated responses based on evolutionary algorithm.” 1

FIG.16: PORT AUTHORITY TRIPLE BRIDGE GATEWAY

The Port Authority Triple Bridge Gateway by Greg Lynn is a good example of using the parameters that are not form the structure itself which includes natrual feature such as gravity, wind, sound, kineitc features such as friction and dynamic features.1 to generate the form. It is the first architectural project in history to use animation software for form generation.2 Specificly in this project, the flow of pedestrains and traffic through the site is used to generate the graident field of attraction on the site 3

1.John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995), p77.

1. Kolarevic(2003), “Architecture in the Digital Age- Design and Manufacturing”, p20.

2. PORT AUTHORITY TRIPLE BRIDGE GATEWAY, GREG LYNN FORM, http://glform.com/buildings/port-authority-triple-bridge-gateway-competition/ viewed 26/8/2018.

3. Kolarevic(2003), “Architecture in the Digital Age- Design and Manufacturing”, p20.

FIG.14: UNIVERSAL INTERACTOR

FIG.17: KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY

The Korean Presbyterian Church of NY is more practical example which is built in 1999, New York. There is a repetation of stair shown as fig.17. However, every pice has been give a unique demension and connection angles. Refering to the video,1 a dynamic shape is created on its exterior by its parameter-based design.

And more importantly, the dynamic feeling has been kept for the interior space. As shown in Fig18, the pattern lead people’s sight toward to the altar. I think this project shows the idea of “parts as a whole” in genetic architecture.

1.Grey Lynn, organic algorithm in architecture, https://www.ted. com/talks/greg_lynn_on_organic_ FIG.18: KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY design#t-532452, 02/2005.

FIG.15: PIZEO-ELECTRIC GRASS AS AN INPUT

In order to statisfy the need of environmental factors for genetic desgin, input method that translate reality to date is needed. The fig.14 is called Pizeo-electric grass as a input. The electric grass transmits the strength of wind by its deflection generated by the wind.1 Through the date can be deduced by the controlling computer which will be able to give forecast of next wind pattern. 2Then the pattern of wind could be used by computer which effects the outcomes.3

In conclusion, the recursive aggregation is a method of desgin that use limited numbers of components to generate forms through a circle of algorithm. Its advantages compared with the traditional way of architecture make it to be a very ideal carrier of genetic architecture. The real genetic architecture needs the system to respond the environment and able to create new possibilities and test them. If the recursive aggregation is the car, the genetic architecture shifts the position of architect from the driver’s seat to the passager’s seat. However, as architect, our role in the future is not just seat back nicely and quietly as a passager. We are asked to be superior whose job contains the design, construction and performance of building.

1.John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995), p78 2.John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995), p78.

3.John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995), p78 GENETICS 19

B.2A L-SYSTEM In the 1960s, the biologist Aristid Lindenmayer proposed a string-rewriting algorithm that can model simplified plants and their growth processes with an astounding ease, which is called L-system today.1 The main body of L-system is a rewriting system that needs intitial string and a set of rules to specify how to generate the new strings. 2 The L-system applies the rules to all the strings( the strings as seed) to generate products at same time. It means that its core is parallel, which means generating various division at same time could be possible. It shows the biological motivition of L-system which makes it different with the Chomsky grammers.3 A L-system needs the Axiom, in th case of using L-system to generate tree branches, it the intitial branch as the refernce for the direction and position of iterations. It also needs the dummy branches which is manually set as possibile direction of growth of the next generation. And a set of rules which decides the direction of new branches. Then the system is potential to run infinity times until getting the satisified result.

There is a example of simple L-system shows the process that applying the rules on the seed to generate iterations.4 seed: A rules: Rule #1: A = AB Rule #2: B = BA N=0: A N=1: AB (A BECOMES AB ACCORDING TO RULE #1) N=2: ABBA (A BECOMES AB ACCORDING TO RULE #1, WHILE B BECOMES BA ACCORDING TO RULE #2. IN RESULT WE GET ABBA) N=3: ABBABAAB N=4: ABBABAABBAABABBA 1. Michael Hansmeyer, Conceputation Architecture, L-system(2003), http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/l-systems, 2003.

2. Intro to the L-system, Morphocode, https://morphocode.com/intro-to-l-systems/, viewed 02/9/2018.

3.Frazier, Evolutionary Architecture. p. 58.

4. Intro to the L-system, Morphocode

FIG.19: TREES GENERATED FROM L-SYSTEM

20

L-System

L-System 21

22

L-System

L-System 23

24

L-System

B.2B ‘BLOOM’ PROJECT ‘Bloom’ project by Alisa Andrasek / Jose Sanchez

FIG.20: ‘BLOOM’ PROJECT

The Bloom was designed for Lodon 2012 Olypmic Games by Alisa Andrasek / Jose Sanchez as Fig20.1 The Bloom can be designed, altered and dismantled by the public.2 The Bloom is consist of a series of repeated, identical components called “cells”3 shown as Fig22. Every cell can have maxium three connections with others ,which allows it to form 2D and 3D complex as Fig 21.4 This project uses recursive aggregation algorithms to generate the intital form. Some very basic features of recursive aggregation such as the impotance of whole and the flexibility of form are obvious on the Bloom Project.5 Compared with the normal recursive aggregation that i did in the next part, the Bloom is more close to achieve the real genetic desgin. The Bloom introduces the public to the design process. The final form is unpredictable and will keep changing with different people come and play. Instead of making the form from a certain set of algorithm, the form change of Bloom project is random, that every kind of possibility has potential to be applied on the next pice. This process imitates the process of mutation which is considered as the foundamental cause of evolution.

Furthermore, I think the evolution of Bloom project is similar with the natrual way because that the form of Bloom fits the environment. Specificly, the Bloom as a toy or art, its form at one certain moment determined by people’s preference at that moment. For Bloom, people’s selection is its natural selection

1.Plethora-project, https://www.plethora-project.com/bloom/, viewed 5/09/2018.

2.Plethora-project 3.London’s Other Distributed Social Game: A Collective Gardening Experience, Antonio Pacheco, http://www.evolo.us/londons-other-distributed-social-game-a-collective-gardening-experience/, 22/08/2012.

4.London’s Other Distributed Social Game: A Collective Gardening Experience, Antonio Pacheco 5.London’s Other Distributed Social Game: A Collective Gardening Experience, Antonio Pacheco BLOOM PROJECT

25

FIG.21: ‘BLOOM’ PROJECT

FIG.22: COMPONENT OF ‘BLOOM’ PROJECT

26

BLOOM PROJECT

B.2C COMPONENT&AGGREGATION A B C Parasite

D E

Tri-space

Outrage

DNA

Nodose

Helical

COMPONENT&AGGREGATION

27

AXIOM=ABDE

The Garden of Eden

A=CD B=ABC C=AC D=BC E=AD NUMBERS OF GENERATION=12

Top view

28

COMPONENT&AGGRHGATION

Pespective view 2

Pespective view 1

COMPONENT&AGGRHGATION

29

AXIOM=ABCD

Core support

A=CB B=CD C=ABC D=AD NUMBERS OF GENERATION=10

Top view

30

COMPONENT&AGGRHGATION

Pespective view

COMPONENT&AGGRHGATION

31

AXIOM=B

Tobi-Kadachi

A=AB B=ABCD C=CD D=BD NUMBERS OF GENERATION=7

Top view

32

COMPONENT&AGGREGATION

Pespective view

COMPONENT&AGGREGATION

33

AXIOM=B

Rayquaza

A=ABD B=ACD C=ABC D=AC NUMBERS OF GENERATION=5

Top view

34

COMPONENT&AGGREGATION

Pespective view

COMPONENT&AGGREGATION

35

B.3 Case Study 2.0

AGGY-ATTACK AGGREGATION PROCESS

03

01

3. Create a point as the starting point where the aggregation will grow from

1. Create an polyline with 2 pieces joined perpendicularly as a reference for the direction and position of growth. Set this curve to the Axiom handle component in Grasshopper.

It necessray to make sure 2 pieces of the line is perfectly joined at a right angle.

04

02

4. Create geometries and set them into the Obstacles(set on multiple breps) in Grasshopper. They can be pierced by components which plays the role of environment which will effects the generation of aggregation later.

05 2. Draw polylines( same as the Axiom handle, 2 pieces of the line must be perpendicualr with each ohter) around the Axiom handle.

Refer those lines as the dummy branches in Grasshopper. Those lines decide the direction and orentation of the aggregation.

36

CASE STUDY 2.0

5. Set the designed component into Grasshopper as the unit for aggregation.

The component should be placed and oriented along the Axiom handle.

Adjust the position of dummy branches to move the dummy components to make sure each component is intersected with the parent component.

Also, make sure the dummy branches will not colliding with each other.

08

06

8. Turn on the component at the very back in grasshopper to generate the socketed nurbs components which could be used to anaylse the connection between components.

To do this after aggregation is for generating the aggregation more efficiently. Once we decide the final form of our aggregation, this set of betteries could be enable.

09 6. Set the rules of aggregation and start to generate aggregations.

AXIOM GROWTH RULES NUMBERS OF GENERATION

07

9. Bake the socketed component into Rhino.

10 7. The growth of aggregation will avoide the geometries which plays as the surrounding environment with the increase of generation numbers.

10. Move on to the aggregation for the next component or rendering process and pray your system will not crash.

CASE STUDY 2.0

37

B.4&5 TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT & PROTOTYPING COMPONENT 1

The component is considered to be made by CMC Milling method.

The CMC Milling is able to create smooth unflat surface and holes.

For modeling, the component is break to a few pieces which are easy to assemble.

For the secondary component, it will use 3D print to create

Break down the component to simple geometries .

38

B4+B5

The process of assembling parts together .

G PRIMARY COMPONENT

SECONDARY COMPONENT

BE4+B5

39

SYMBIOTE

RULE SET 1 AXIOM= BC A= AB B= ABD C= ACD D= BC NUMBERS OF GENERATION= 5

A B C D

40

B4+B5

B4+B5

41

WRIGGLE

RULE SET 2 AXIOM= D A= C B= AD C= CD D= ABC NUMBERS OF GENERATION= 5

42

B4+B5

B4+B5

43

COMPONENT 2

The component is considered to be made by CMC Milling method.

The CMC Milling is able to create smooth unflat surface and holes.

For modeling, the component is break to a few pieces which are easy to assemble.

For the secondary component, it will use 3D print to create

RULE SET 1 AXIOM= AD A= BD B= ABC C= AC D= BC NUMBERS OF GENERATION= 5

A B C D

44

B4+B5

NERVE CELLS

B4+B5

45

MEDUSA

RULE SET 2 AXIOM= BCD A= CD B= AD C= ABC D= BD NUMBERS OF GENERATION= 7

46

B4+B5

B4+B5

47

B.6 TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL AGGY-ATTACK AGGREGATION PROCESS

Without any doubt, architecture is one of the hardest major in the campus.

The courtyard of MSD is the individual study space, so what happens in the space everyday?

Your final presetation and due time of drawings might be tomorrow and the software crashed; your canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find anyone of school computer which is available then you desparately search on internet for the crack for your computer; you think you should rock a assigiment and your tutor tells you all you did is rubbish.

We, architecture students, we are going to face many kind of problem through different stage of our learning.

However, architecture is the way we choose. So, instead of making architecure easiler, why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t we face those challenges in a better mood.

My design is to cheer us up. Now, the central space of MSD is too cold blood. Maybe the designer wants to achieve a beauty of constancy of one material. A large amound of timber is used in this area. In my perspective, it seems like a gaint pice of yellow which jams the space. I think this space is boring and depressive, which is not helpful for architecutre students who is facing high pressure of study everyday.

So, I put some decoration at the facade of hanging studio. Reason 1 is that the haning facade occupies space above the individual learing area, whcih is obvious enough to help my design separate its influnce. Reason 2 is attaching one the facade will not take any functional space, because it is always crowd in that area.

Back to my design, I think it gives 3 different feeling due to how far you stand from it. From very far, the overall shape and color of aggregation is emphasised.

It can create a feeling of beauty and elegancy on the timber background, just like a bunch of sakura blooming on the tree. Moving toward to it, the composition of it is revealed. The components looks like a group of dumb people dance and jump around, quite funny and interesting. Toward further to the component itself, the component is named as parasite, which is designed to look nasty. A very opposite feeling expected to bring people some interesting experience.

48

TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL

TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL

49

50

TECHINIQUE PROPOSAL

TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL

51

B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES &OUTCOMES

My biggest outcome in Part B is that I was really enjoying the process of doing it.

I understad what is the true genetic algorithm design. Although I don’t think I am able to individually write a whole set of the aggregation in Grasshopper for now, but at least I have a preety clear unstanding of the system.

Further, what we’ve been taught in the architectural history subject didn’t include the history of algorithim design.

The missing of past 50 years of how architecture shifted to algorithm is filled by the readings.

Instead of just playing with the Grasshopper, we are asked to do soem practical considerations such as fabrication of component and choosing site for our design. I think this is a very beginning practice for the furture.

Sharing the our design and idea in class is really helpful for me to get idea from other’s advantages and mistakes, which is help to perfect my own work.

52

LEARNING OUTCOMES

BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE

IMAGES

1. FRAZIER, JOHN, EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE (LONDON: ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION, 1995)

12.RECURSIVE TECTONICS, LAKA, HTTPS://LAKAREACTS. COM/WINNERS/RECURSIVE-TECTONICS/

2. KOLAREVIC, BRANKO, ARCHITECTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING (NEW YORK; LONDON: SPON PRESS, 2003)

13.RECURSIVE TECTONICS, LAKA, HTTPS://LAKAREACTS. COM/WINNERS/RECURSIVE-TECTONICS/

3. MORPHOCODE, GETTING STARTED WITH RABBIT: INTRO TO L-SYSTEMS <HTTPS://MORPHOCODE.COM/INTRO-TO-LSYSTEMS/> 4. 8. PLETHORA PROJECT, WINNER WONDER SERIES COMPETITION 2012 <HTTPS://WWW.PLETHORA-PROJECT.COM/BLOOM/> 5. RECURSIVE TECTONICS, LAKA, (HTTPS://LAKAREACTS.COM/ WINNERS/RECURSIVE-TECTONICS/), VIEWED 25/8/2018.

14.UNIVERSAL INTERACTOR, John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995) 15.PIZEO-ELECTRIC GRASS AS AN INPUT, John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995) 16. PORT AUTHORITY TRIPLE BRIDGE GATEWAY, GREG LYNN FORM,HTTP://GLFORM.COM/BUILDINGS/PORTAUTHORITY-TRIPLE-BRIDGE-GATEWAY-COMPETITION/

6. LONDON’S OTHER DISTRIBUTED SOCIAL GAME: A COLLECTIVE GARDENING EXPERIENCE, ANTONIO PACHECO, HTTP://WWW. EVOLO.US/LONDONS-OTHER-DISTRIBUTED-SOCIAL-GAMEA-COLLECTIVE-GARDENING-EXPERIENCE/, 22/08/2012.

17. KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY, GREG LYNN FORM,HTTP://GLFORM.COM/BUILDINGS/KOREANPRESBYTERIAN-CHURCH-OF-NEW-YORK/

7. MICHAEL HANSMEYER, CONCEPUTATION ARCHITECTURE, L-SYSTEM(2003), HTTP://WWW. MICHAEL-HANSMEYER.COM/L-SYSTEMS, 2003.

18.KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY, GREG LYNN FORM, HTTP://GLFORM.COM/BUILDINGS/KOREANPRESBYTERIAN-CHURCH-OF-NEW-YORK/ 19.TREE IMAGE GENERATED BY MYSELF 20. PLETHORA PROJECT, “WINNER WONDER SERIES COMPETITION 2012” <HTTPS://WWW.PLETHORA-PROJECT. COM/BLOOM/> 21. PLETHORA PROJECT, “WINNER WONDER SERIES COMPETITION 2012” <HTTPS://WWW.PLETHORA-PROJECT. COM/BLOOM/> 22. THE BARTLETT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE UCL, BLOOM

BY ALISA ANDRASEK AND JOSÉ SANCHEZ <HTTPS://ISSUU. COM/BARTLETTARCHUCL/DOCS/ANDRASEK_01_BLOOM_S05_UPDATE>

BIBLOGRAPHY 53

B.8 ALGORITHMIC SKETCH

54

ALGOTRIHNMIC SKETCH

ALGOTRIHNMIC SKETCH

55

STUDIO AIR PART C 2018, SEMESTER 1, Moyshie Yu Fang 860020

Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ORIGIN

58-59

SITE ANALYSIS

60-63

CONCEPTIONS OF ATTACK

64-65

AGGREGATION

66-69

TECTONIC ELEMENTS&PROTOTYPES

70-73

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

74-75

RENDERING THEME1

76-87

RENDERING THEME2

88-91

BIBLIORGARHY

92-93

ORIGIN 01

02

The new component is based on the Parasite component from PartB. It is choosen because it is considered as being with ability to give stong feelings (eg. creepy, disgusting) to its audience by its shape and color.

05

3 kinds of tentacles are added on the new body as the secondary components. Each tentacle is considered to represent a certain function to serve the component as a living unit.

58

ORIGIN

All the tentacles are removed from the body to give the space for the secondary components to grow. The old tentacles wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t echo with environment.

06

New componen

03

The body of old component is broken down to nodes to explose its skelton.

04

Changing the composition of skelton and adding new nodes as the base where the secondary components starts to grow.

nt now is ready to aggregate and apply material on.

ORIGIN

59

SITE: ATRIUM OF MSD Free Space ( wasted ) Individual learning Space ( over crowded ) Aimed Space ( Aggregation )

The aggregation will starts from the surface of hanging studio. There is a space shown as the yellow part at the bottom of atrium with almost highest density aggregation will grow based on the hanging studio, because its facade provides a huge workable and stable surface to fix and support the aggregation. Furthermo as blue, without any doubt, the hanging studio will grab most attention in that space. So that, the hanging studio works just like a spotlight for my aggrega

60

SITE ANALYSIS

of movements and activities, which is already very corwded as the individual learning area, so the aggregation will not encroach upon this certain space. The ore, the atrium space is the physical center and the center of circulation and activities of MSD building. As a the only structure in the empety space which is shown ation and capable of being noticed is significant for achieving the purpose of my aggregation according to its design conception which will be talked later.

STIE ANALYSIS

61

SITE: HANGING STUDIO

Hanging studio and surrounding space 62

SITE ANALYSIS

Arrangement of space in artium SITE ANALYSIS

63

CONCEPTIONS OF ATTACK THEME 1: CLAW OF LIBERATION

There will be two set of rendering to explain two themes of one same aggregation. Each theme is based on their independent background.

The Claw of Liberation inherits the concept in Part B6 that generally the environment and atmosphere in atrium of MSD building is not helpful to create a comfortable and delightful space for all students in MSD. Compared with another theme, this one is with more reailstic consideration.

Now, the atrium of MSD is the grave made of timber. The atrium is like a box seal and accumulate all the negitivities.

Students in MSD have too many pressure to deal with and they deserve a better environment.

So, the aggregation here is designed to distract students from their pressure and heavy workload and also a sculpture of humorous spirit and humanistic concern in that space.

In order to achieve this effect, the aggregation is expected to give layers of feelings depend on the its distance between the audiences by shaping two very distinguishable feelings between component and aggregation.

If anywords that I has spoken have commanded attention, that is only they find an echo in the breasts of those of every stuido and every lecture who deserves happiness.

We shall defend our happiness whatever the cost may be.

We shall fight in the campus.

We shall fight in the lecture rooms.

We shall fight in the studios and in the workshops.

We shall fight in the MSD. We shall never surrender.

Brandishing the Claw of LIberation and tearing the disappointing space.

Material selection

64

CONCEPTIONS OF ATTACK

THEME 2: REMEMBRANCE OF ARCHITECT This theme will attack the existence of MSD building.

Remember Bob? The Thanos like character.

The wiper of humanity from architecure.

The ultimate AI robot that we named in the very beginning of this class. Bob is designed to be the replacement of all architects to make the world a better place.

Us, architects and our feelings, our humanity intergrating into our design intentionally or unconsciously might be the last stumbing block before achieving the ultimate design to save the furture.

70 years later from now, after the last group of architects has surrendered to the advanced algorithms and despairing fact, the furture AI designers league leaded by Bob still fail to save the earth from its doom.

Last people run away from earth and live in the huge satellites. Recycling plastic garbages from space and the people make a statue on a piece of ruin said as the worild -class designing school in the yesterdayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world by the archeologiets.

In the boundless universe, statue and the ruin of hanging studio float as the Remebrance of Architecture to mourn architect like the daisy in front of gravestone.

Material selection

CONCEPTIONS OF ATTACK

65

AGGREGATION A B C D

AXIOM=BCD A=BCD B=ABCD C=AC D=BCD NUMBERS OF GENERATION=14

The aggregation is consist of 2 parts. One starts from the top right corner of the facade. Ohterone start from the middle of bottom. All aggregation fit the environment shown as the bule parts in the image below. And for the secondary components, how long they can grow is decided by their distance from 3 certain points.

66

AGGREGATION

AXIOM=ABD A=AB B=ABCD C=ACD D=BD NUMBERS OF GENERATION=20

AGGREGATION

67

Primary components

68

AGGREGATION

Secondary components

Final aggregation

AGGREGATION

69

TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES

The connection between components is reinforced by the lead ans scoket. L-shape scoket and lead make sure the component will stay in the correct angle and wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t rotate in the socket.

70

TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES

The connection between primary and secondary component is done by the cylinder lead and scoket. Same as between primary components, this cylinder has a raised part at the side of it to provent rotate and make sure the secondary component will be plugged in with the designed angle.

TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES

71

72

T&P

For the manufactoring of the component, the original idea is to cut the component half and use CMC Milling to manufacture. However, CMC milling is not able to deal with so many negative surface. So, I decide to use 3-D print to produce the model. Then using silicone make the mould for casting with polyresin.

The diagram shows the concept of the support system of the aggregation. The aggregation sits on the bars which are connected on the facade of hanging sutdio by bolts. Because there is no connection between the bars and components, a safe wire (not mesh, because mesh will influnce the appearance of aggregation) is going to connceting the top end of all bars in case of that the aggregation slides off the bars which is shown as the red lines.

T&P 73

ARCHITECTURAL DRWAING

PLAN

74

ARCHITECUTRAL DRAWINGS

EAST ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION

ARCHITECUTRAL DRAWINGS

75

THEME 1: CLAW OF LIBERATION

76

RENDERING THEME1

RENDERING THEME1

77

78

RENDERING THEME1

RENDERING THEME1

79

80

RENDERING THEME1

RENDERING THEME1

81

82

RENDERING THEME1

RENDERING THEME1

83

84

RENDERING THEME1

RENDERING THEME1

85

86

RENDERING THEME1

RENDERING THEME1

87

THEME 2: REMEMBRANCE OF ARCHITECT

88

RENDERING THEME2

RENDERING THEME2

89

90

RENDERING THEME2

RENDERING THEME2

91

BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE 1. OCEAN, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center [OCEAN Design Research Assocaition, 2004] <https://www.oceandesignresearch.net/index.php/design-mainmenu-39/architecturemainmenu-40/jyvylainmenu-68> viewed 8/8/2018 2. Oxman, Rivka and Oxman, Robert, Theories of the Digital in Architecture [London; New York: Routledge, 2014] 3. Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2 [2013] 4. Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice [Oxford: Berg, 2008] 5. Dunne, Anthony and Raby, Fiona, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction and Social Dreaming [MIT Press, 2013] 6.Kalay, Yehuda E. Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 2004) 7. Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press 1999) 8. Menges, Archim, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center [archimmenges, 2004] 9. Australian design review, Metropol Parasol, Dec, 1, 2011, https://www. australiandesignreview.com/architecture/metropol-parasol/ (viewed 8/8/2018) 10.Angus W. Stocking, L.S., Architecture Gets an Upgrade: Generative Design Expands Design Possibilities, http://www.infrastructurewriting.com/ portfolio/magazine-article-written-for-bentley-systems/ viewed 8/8/2018.

11. Michael Webb, National Stadium in Beijing by Herzog and de Meuron , the architectural review, 2/11/2015, https:// www.architectural-review.com/ viewed 8/8/2018 12.Beijing National Stadium, ‘The Bird’s Nest’, Design Build, https://www. designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/, viewed 8/8/2018.

13. Vassileios Kourkoutas, Parametric Form Finding in Contemporary Architecture,2007, 07/06/2007, viewed 8/8/2018.

14. Michael Brooks, Blur Building, Designing Buildind Wiki, 15/5/2018, https:// www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Blur_Building viewed 1/8/2018.

15. Arcspace, Blur Building,19/7/2012, https://arcspace. com/feature/blur-building/ viewed 1/8/2018.

92

BIBLOGRAPHY

REFERENCE 1. FRAZIER, JOHN, EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE (LONDON: ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION, 1995) 2. KOLAREVIC, BRANKO, ARCHITECTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING (NEW YORK; LONDON: SPON PRESS, 2003) 3. MORPHOCODE, GETTING STARTED WITH RABBIT: INTRO TO L-SYSTEMS <HTTPS://MORPHOCODE.COM/INTRO-TO-LSYSTEMS/> 4. 8. PLETHORA PROJECT, WINNER WONDER SERIES COMPETITION 2012 <HTTPS://WWW.PLETHORA-PROJECT.COM/BLOOM/> 5. RECURSIVE TECTONICS, LAKA, (HTTPS://LAKAREACTS.COM/ WINNERS/RECURSIVE-TECTONICS/), VIEWED 25/8/2018.

6. LONDON’S OTHER DISTRIBUTED SOCIAL GAME: A COLLECTIVE GARDENING EXPERIENCE, ANTONIO PACHECO, HTTP://WWW. EVOLO.US/LONDONS-OTHER-DISTRIBUTED-SOCIAL-GAMEA-COLLECTIVE-GARDENING-EXPERIENCE/, 22/08/2012.

7. MICHAEL HANSMEYER, CONCEPUTATION ARCHITECTURE, L-SYSTEM(2003), HTTP://WWW. MICHAEL-HANSMEYER.COM/L-SYSTEMS, 2003.

IMAGES

IMAGES

Coverpage, Planet Design, Black abstraction, http://planet-design.com. ua/gallery/wallpaper-of-the-week-black-abstraction/, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig1, Modlar, Blurbuilding, https://www.modlar.com/ photos/1736/blur-building-exterior/, viewed 1/8/2018.

Fig2, Archidaily,Blur building, https://www.archdaily. com/795388/when-droplets-create-space-a-look-at-liquidarchitecture?ad_medium=gallery, viewed 1/8/2018.

12.RECURSIVE TECTONICS, LAKA, HTTPS://LAKAREACTS. COM/WINNERS/RECURSIVE-TECTONICS/ 13.RECURSIVE TECTONICS, LAKA, HTTPS://LAKAREACTS. COM/WINNERS/RECURSIVE-TECTONICS/ 14.UNIVERSAL INTERACTOR, John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995)

Fig3, Berndhopfengaertner, bernd hopfenggaertner’s belief systems, http:// www.berndhopfengaertner.net/projects/belief-systems/, viewed 1/8/2018.

Fig4, Fosterandpartners, Development of London City Hall, https://www. fosterandpartners.com/projects/city-hall/#development, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig5, London City hall, https://www.fosterandpartners.com/ projects/city-hall/#development, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig6, Metropol Parasol, https://www.lafargeholcim-foundation.org/ media/news/projects/metropol-parasol-seville-spain,viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig 7,Exploded Axonometric of the Site Source: http://alog. auric.or.kr/CRIC1635/Post/1844e3ff-5e99-4457-821e0419331ff2d7.aspx#. W2mhkSgzbt8, viewed 8/8/2018 Fig 8,Thousand Wonders, Beijing National Stadium, https://www. thousandwonders.net/Beijing+National+Stadium, viewed 8/8/2018.

15.PIZEO-ELECTRIC GRASS AS AN INPUT, John Frazier’s ‘Evolutionary Architecture’ (1995) 16. PORT AUTHORITY TRIPLE BRIDGE GATEWAY, GREG LYNN FORM,HTTP://GLFORM.COM/BUILDINGS/PORTAUTHORITY-TRIPLE-BRIDGE-GATEWAY-COMPETITION/ 17. KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY, GREG LYNN FORM,HTTP://GLFORM.COM/BUILDINGS/KOREANPRESBYTERIAN-CHURCH-OF-NEW-YORK/ 18.KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NY, GREG LYNN FORM, HTTP://GLFORM.COM/BUILDINGS/KOREANPRESBYTERIAN-CHURCH-OF-NEW-YORK/ 19.TREE IMAGE GENERATED BY MYSELF

Fig9,Algorithmic Boogie, Beijing Olympic stadium, https://libertecture. wordpress.com/2014/01/28/algorithmic-boogie-beijing-olympicstadium-case-study-gsapp-adr-i-13/, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig10, Marjia, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center, http:// www.evolo.us/jyvaskyla-music-and-art-center-oceannorth-achim-menges/, viewed 8/8/2018.

Fig11, OCEAN, Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center,https://www. ocean-designresearch.net/index.php/design-mainmenu-39/ architecture-mainmenu-40/jyvylainmenu-68, viewed 8/8/2018.

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STUDIO AIR 2018, SEMESTER 1 Moyshie Yu Fang 860020