“I have a Book for You�
Andrew Schachman, His favorite sentence during desk crits.
IIT Paris 2013 Fall
Yunhak Sim 심윤학
Schedule
Semester Schedule
004 : Schedule
005 : Schedule
Netherlands Itinerary DATE
CITY
ACTIVITY
08 Sep - Su 09 Sep - Mo
Amsterdam
12h00 MEET Vapiano, Oosterdokskade 145 10h00 MEET Museumplein Rijksmuseum (9h00-17h00), Stedelijk Museum 10h00-18h00
10 Sep - Tu
08h30 Meet Oosterdokskade 145 Conservatorium, Nemo, Arcam, Klimmur Centraal, IJberg Neighborhood, Music on the IJ, Borneo Sporenberg Neighborhood, , West 8 bridges, The Whale, Neue Ouest Neighborhood if we have time, The Ship, Funen Block, Het Oosten, Pavillion
11 Sep - We
Utrecht
09:00MEET at Amst. CENTRAAL, train > Utrecht / Hilversum / Almere 11h00 - Gerrit Rietveld, Schroderhuis, MVRDV, Villa KBBW (Double House), OMA, Educatorium, UN Studio, Erasmussium, MVRDV, Basketbar, Wiel Arets’ Librar,
Hilversum Neutlings Reidijk, Institute for Sound and Vision, MVRDV, Villa VPRO Almere SANAA, Kunstlinie, OMA, Almere Urban Development Plan 12 Sep - Th
09:00 MEET Amst. CENTRAAL, train > Rotterdam (rent bicycles, fee+ 50 Euro deposit) Rotterdam 11h00*NAI, Model Storage, JL Brinkman, Van Nelle Factory (access permitting), Wine or Water Restaurant, Neutlings Reidijk, Sheepvart, New Café D’Unie, Kubuswonig (Tree Houses), UN Studio, Erasmus Bridge, Bolles + Wilson, Erasmus Bridge House, OMA, Kunsthall Delft If we have time before the day’s end.
006 : Schedule
12 Sep - Fr
Amsterdam
Self (Free) MVRDV, WOZOCO Apartments, MVRDV, Silodam
Barcelona Itinerary DATE
CITY
ACTIVITY
14 Oct - Mo
Barcelona
10h0) Meet Casa Batlló - Passeig de Gràcia, 43 Casa Batlló, Casa Amatiller, Casa Milla (La Pedrera), La Sagrada Famili, Parc Guell
15 Oct - Tu
10h00 Meet Palau Musica de Catalan (Metro: L1 L4 Urquinoana) Mercat Santa Caterina, Collegi D’Arquitectes, Palau Guell, Museo des Arts Contemporaneo, Centro de Cultura Contemoranea, Caixa Forum, German Pavillion (Mon-Sun), Fondacio Jan Miro (TueSun), Anella Olimpica Montjuic, Jardin Botanico, Cemetiri de Montjuic
16 Oct - We
10h00 Meet Torre Agbar, Avinguda Diagonal, 211 Office Visit, Jorge Perea (formely of office Manuel Sola-Morales) New market hall, Design Museum, Torre Agbar, Hotel Habitat Sky, Parc Central de Poblenou, Parc Diagonal Mar, Edificio Forum, Solar Collector, Auditorium Parc 10h00 Meet - España train station to go to Igualada) Cemeteri Igualada
007 : Schedule
17 Oct - Th
008 : Schedule
DeS_Yunhak Sim
The Developed Surface
Course Description: The Developed Surface focuses on models (in two and three dimensions) as frameworks for thinking. Students will develop vocabulary to classify different kinds of models, and think about them strategically. The class will investigate the dual nature of models: as objects that point to something beyond, and as physical constructs in themselves. Acting as a hybrid between seminar and workshop, course sessions will juxtapose speculative model making with readings and short lectures in history, theory, and criticism. Field investigations and precedents will often generate the stepping off point for investigations, each one introducing students to a new scale or kind of complexity: urban, landscape, building. Students will finish the semester with an autonomous project with the option to rework one of the prior investigations. Students are highly encouraged to discover direct or find complements between speculative research in this class, and pursuits in parallel classes, like design studio.
Course Goals & Objectives Students will learn about the relationship between urban patterns and the rules that produce them. Students will investigate landscape patterns and the thickness of sub-structures. Students investigate envelope assemblies as communicative and technical systems. Students will construct models (2D and 3D) to investigate the relation between socio-political and technical order.
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Student Performance Criteria: A.2 A.3 A.4 A.8 B.10 B.12 C.2
Design Thinking Skills Visual Communication Skills Technical Documentation Ordering Systems Skills Envelope Systems Building Materials and Assemblies Human Behavior
Topical Outline 30% 30% 30% 10%
Field Analysis / Precedent Analysis Speculation on Assemblies Technical Understanding / Development Drawing and Modeling Techniques (concurrent with the other activity)
Prerequisites: Undergraduates in Fourth Year, or Graduates with at least one year.
Textbooks/Learning Resources:
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Allen, Stan, Practice: Architecture, Technique and Representation. Idelfonso Cerdå : The Five Bases of the General Theory of Urbanization, ed. by Arturo Soria y Puig. Evans, Robin, The Projective Cast: Architecture and Its Three Geometries. Evans, Robin, Translations from Drawing to Building. Higgens, Hannah, The Grid Book. Komossa, Susanne, The Dutch Urban Block and the Public Realm. Lehnerer, Alex, Grand Urban Rules Whiting, Sarah. Bas-Relief Urbanism: Chicago’s Figured Field Zaero-Polo, The Politics of the Envelope. Zimmerman, Astrid, Constructing Landscape. DETAIL Construction Manuals Lectures
Schedule Urban Fabric - Due Midterm This first sequence will focus on elements that contribute to the character, organization and ambiance of all cities. This sequence will be begin with a comparative study of urban fabrics and culminate with speculations on new urban organizations. Urban Surface - Due Final The second sequence will help students develop and control techniques to investigate the relation between material elements and organizational or ambient effects across scale.
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It will begin with explorations in graphic technique, ask students to apply that technique to site investigations, and culminate in techniques that students may deploy in studio.
Surface As Spatial Device
DeS_Yunhak Sim
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Atlas of City
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Paris
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Urban zone The city of Paris covers an area much smaller than the urban area of which it is the core. At present, Paris real urbanisation, defined by the urban area statistical area, covers 2,845 km2 or an area about 27 times larger than the city itself. The administration of Paris urban growth is divided between itself and its surrounding departements: Paris closest ring of three adjoining departments, or small ring are fully saturated with urban growth, and the ring of four departments outside of these, the grande couronne departements, are only covered in their inner regions by Paris urbanisation.
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36.14km
36.14km
PARIS, FRANCE PARIS, FRANCE
Paris
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Growth With the increase on urban population due to the flow of residents from the outskirts of the capital to the center in the 19th century, the center of Paris had become a place of rapidly built housing of poor quality, overcrowding, disease. The city was in fact unequipped to support and house such numbers. The task given by Napoleon III to solve the “mushrooming city� was given to Baron Haussmann, who was to insitigate a re-planning of Paris on many levels.
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10k 6.21m
Paris Urban fabric
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Baron Haussmann was to insitigate a re-planning of Paris on many levels. In order to gain the width of the Boulevard, he drew the boulevard plan over the existing housing units and demolished the ones on the way of the new boulevard. The result turned out to be more efficient than before. About 20 thousands houses were demolished, but instead, 40 thousands houses were added in addition with wide street system.
FRANCE
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PARIS
Barcelona Urban zone
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Barcelona has seen massive expansion since the advent of the railroad and its west to east growth of the metrapolitan area can be attributed to industrial growth.
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99.42 km
Barcelona Growth
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Barcelona’s devlopment occured in stages and the industrial lines of the railroads seen as the black dashed lines helped it expand to its current state.
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10k 6.21m
Barcelona Urban fabric
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One of Barcelona’s most characterist city block organizers was the Cerda Plan that changed the city block shape and gave organization to the relatively chaotic city center.
SPAIN
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BARCELONA
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Beijing
Urban zone
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181.47km
BEIJING, CHINA
Beijing Growth
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Beijing is an ancient city. You can see the start of the city in the dark center. The Forbidden City is at the center of this dark spot.
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10k 6.21m
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BEIJING
Beijing Urban fabric
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You can see the urban fabric in Beijing is a variety of different structures. Some of these structures are old neighborhoods and others are tall highrises.
CHINA
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BEIJING
Chicago Urban zone
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Compared to the suburban zones of Illinois state, Chicago has the most and busy streets.
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99.25 km
CHICAGO, USA
Chicago Growth
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The dark shaded part of Chicago is the start of the city and the lighter part is the newest section of Chicago.
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10k 6.21m
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CHICAGO
Chicago Urban fabric
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The urban fabric of Chicago is rectalinear blocks that indicates the city had its streets planned before making any buildings.
UNITED STATES
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CHICAGO
Kyoto Urban zone
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The urban zone of Kyoto is especially dense and stems from a city that has had to change and evolve through multiple governments.
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70.12km
KYOTO, JAPAN
Kyoto Growth
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Central to the city is the heart, darkened to notating age. The tone gets increasingly light as we near present day, showing expansion over time.
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10k 6.21m
Kyoto Urban fabric
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The urban fabric of Kyoto occasionally takes on the rigid block formation of a planned city. Howevor the surrounding chaos makes it clearly the exception not the rule.
K Y O T O, J A P A N
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U.S.A
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LOS ANGELES
Los Angeles Urban zone
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Los Angeles is the best-known example of suburbanization. Traditional urbanization involves a concentration of human activities and settlements around the downtown area. When the residential area shifts outward, this is called suburbanization.
LOS ANGELES, USA
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117.16 km
Los Angeles Growth
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Los Angeles is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California, with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621. It has an area of 469 square miles (1,215 km2), and is located in Southern California.
LOS ANGELES
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LOS ANGELES
Los Angeles Urban fabric
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Blocks are divided into rectangular shapes, but are rotated so that a corner is pointing north. Low rise(2-3 stories tall buildings) exist on the south side of LA. High rise buildings exist on the north of LA. Housings are mostly single houses that are two stories tall.
U.S.A
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LOS ANGELES
Manhattan Urban zone
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Compared to the suburban zones of New York state, Manhattan has the most and busy streets.
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MANHATTAN, NEW YORK
Manhattan Growth
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The dark shaded part of Manhattan is the start of the city and the lighter part is the newest section of the city.
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10k 6.21m
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MANHATTAN
Manhattan Urban fabric
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The urban fabric of Manhattan is rectilinear blocks rotated in an angle that indicates day light was taken into consideration.
U.S.A
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LOS ANGELES
Timgad Urban zone
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Originally constructed by the Roman Empire, and later serving as a Byzantine city, Timgad saw several periods of growth as well as two destructions. Later growth did not follow the highly structured plan of the original military encampment.
MANHATTAN, NEW YORK
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500 m
Timgad Growth
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Before Timgad was destroyed and abandoned by the eighth century AD, the planned city saw growth beyond its original limits. Civic structures such as baths, temples, and markets can be found in the subsequent areas of development.
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Timgad Urban fabric
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The urban fabric of Timgad expresses the complex and rigid ordering principles of Roman town planning. Built ex nihilo (from nothing) and featuring a military encampment, the original city is an excellent specimen of its period.
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LOS ANGELES
Tokyo Urban zone
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The Greater Tokyo Area made up of Tokyo and the three surrounding prefectures has a population greatly surpassing that of major world cities such as New York or London, standing at approximately 37.2 million people.
MANHATTAN, NEW YORK TOKYO, JAPAN
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178.8km
Tokyo Growth
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Tokyo, the largest mega-region in the world so far with 35 million inhabitants in 2007, has experienced a rapid growth in the twentieth century with various issues associated with urban form and urban environment.
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TOKYO
Tokyo Urban fabric
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The dense fabric of the city of Tokyo gives the impression of an incomplete collection of towns punctuated by the emergence of local centers. It is a kind of urban model that is resilient and adaptable to change.
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LOS ANGELES
Rules of City 01_Barcelona
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02_Paris
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Barcelona
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1. Ferran Axis
Constructed between 1822 and 1862. XIX Century, many European cities (like London and Paris) had great urban interventions to give a new feeling to their medieval centers. Josep Mas i Vila proposed a “surgery of subtraction” to create a new type of street. Up to this point, the city was shaped by narrow medieval ways that followed: the paths used to transport large animals, the flow of a river, or move around the city. From early in the XVIII Century to the early XIX Century the population of Barcelona increased by 300%, which thickened the city’s urban plan by leaving almost no open spaces for residents to use. The idea brought with the Ferran street was of “subtraction”, not seeing the space taken by the street as wasteful but as a method to organize the city, and prepare it for the new commercial and cultural necessities it would experience. This painful “cut” shows a radical change in priority: more than any particular interest, the importance lay in the collective and unifying space, towards which the existing buildings need to adapt Three of the most popular plazas of the time directed the street: The Plaza de Sant Jaume, The plaza de la Trinidad, and La Plaza del Ángel.
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There is also an intent to orienting the street with the Mediterranean Sea, making it parallel to the coastline.
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2. Gracia
The city of Barcelona grew by annexing nearby centers of populations that the new city manipulated, and changed their context by incorporating them into large-scale urban functioning. The new town of Gracia marked the point when the city began to be planned as a system of plots, as opposed to using buildings or complexes as a project material. Gracia was a response to a growing urban housing problem. The plot module was a new abstract unit for urban composition, that represented the residential needs and the accounting magnitude of the purchase of land. The plot module allowed for variations of housing modules, styles of architecture that created different scenarios of the neighborhood’s urban image. Today Gracia serves as an attractive site for the residential, bars, small shops and restaurants and it is easy to drive around in. For many years it was forbidden to build in the Barcelona plain for military reason, and as a result, areas of residential concentration like Gracia found a need for more buildings.
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Gracia demonstrates that the importance of paths and topography lies in defining the perimeter and the basic lines of orientation of urban fabric. The notion of of subdivision of land, with plots laid out on a scale large enough to require rationalization and prior planning, was a decisive innovation. The regularity of the plots can be seen today on blocks divided in two halves with two houses back to back. Better plots look onto a square or into important vertical thoroughfares, and others onto horizontal streets.
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3. El Eixample
El Eixample was Ildefons Cerda’s Project for the Expansion and Reform in 31 May 1860 Past projects embodied repetition, integration, industrial expansion. Cerda’s plan, is about public hygiene and the development of transportation as primary objectives of urban growth. El Eixample was not based on hierarchies or peripheries. The grid has an isotropic, orthogonal street layout with interstitial spaces for residential use. The street corners are chamfered at 45 deg to increase visibility and improve traffic flow. Mansanes are the interiors of the blocks left for public services. “General Theory of Urbanism” written by Cerda (1855 - 1864) studies the history and structure of urban transportation systems to derive criteria for the proper ordering of cities. The plan made more land available, hygienic living conditions, and low building density.
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The sewage plan, drawn by Pere Garcia in 1891complemented the implementation of urban expansion by El Eixample.
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4. La Ciutadella and Montjuic
La Ciutadella and Montjuic are two large parks near the sea, flaking the old city, and the legacy of two World’s Fairs. The parks are structural references in relation to the centrality of Ciuata Vella, the Eixample and Gracia. La Ciutadella, an enclosed, walled park attached to the city, held the World’s Fair in 1888. Montjuic, an open park without a perimeter or boundary on a hill, held the World’s Fair in 1929. The World’s Fair aimed to put Barcelona on a par with the great capitals of Europe. The fair consisted of construction projects to adapt the city to modern progress. The World’s Fairs were structured around times of significant population rise. In 1888 Barcelona annexed independent neighboring municipalities to create a larger city. In 1929 Trade with European countries at war increased the pace of growth in local industry and the first waves of immigration began.
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In 1992, the Olympic games were held in Barcelona and the organizing factors drew upon the examples of the World’s Fairs. The parks became new points of growth and the fairs made it necessary to rethink the structure of the existing city.
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5. Motorways and Tunnels
Barcelona was growing at a dramatic rate and was changing scale. This change of scale needed a new structure to connect the ends of the city. There are two major axis roads that cut through Barcelona. The Gran Via axis is the main trunk that follows the coastal orientation and connects the two rivers. The Avinguda Diagonal is starts as the western entrance of the city. The other end is at the Placa de les Glories is the black spot in the road structure of Barcelona. It fights between the circulation and centrality objectives of the city grid. Traffic is dreadful here. Motorways built between 1958 and 1978 had the greatest effect to the metropolitan form of Barcelona. The first expressway was out to El Maresme. Ring roads or “Las Rodas� were built for the 1992 Olympics to relieve congestion off the axis roads. The outer ring roads, the Ronda de Dalt and the Ronda Litoral, are uninterrupted highways that make a loop around the city. They were built through and under existing parts of the city. There are many tunnels throughout the ring roads.
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The inner ring road, The Ronda del Mig, is the smallest and most internal ring. Initially there was planning done for three sets of tunnels, Vallvidrera, Central and Horta. Horta was the shortest and the easiest. It connects the inner ring road in the city with the outer ring road towards Valles. The Vallvidrera tunnel is one of the longer tunnels that goes under the Collserola Mountain range, and connects the Ronda Dalt with the third ring road outside of the city.
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6. Plaça de Palau
Placa de Palau was conceived to shift the representative center from Paca Sant Jaume to a new location facing the sea, and linked to the outside world. The city’s relationship to the sea by port was important because of the intensity of maritime trade made possible by military and colonial expansion. After the War of the Spanish Succession, Phillip V tore down La Ribera neighborhood to make way for the bastion and the castle of La Ciutadella. The construction of La Ciutadella displaced many fisherman and their families who had direct access to the original harbor through the Porta de la Duana. The construction of La Ciutadella gave way for a series of residual spaces, esplanades, and new streets.
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The displaced families were moved to La Barceloneta, where new housing projects were created.
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7. Orchards, Factories and Villas
The comarca is a county between the “greater Barcelona” and the “metropolitan Barcelona” with no defined image. Three factors influenced the organization of the comarca in the Llobregat Valley, the Besos Valley, and El Maresme. One of the factors is the presence of orchards or urban agriculture that supplied the city. Another factor was the industrialization of Barcelona. Industry is fragmented in Barcelona with no great industrialized presence. The third factor were the villas and getaways for the people of the city. The three factors link the comarca to the center of the city through closely linked railways. The sequence of small stations in places of secondary geographical importance gave rise to a lack of overall general urban structure and the fragmentation of settlements all around the city. The urban complex became denser but not more compact. Growth occurred in a disjointed manner, concentrated on two river basins with two arms branching out to the sea.
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Collserola and ranges of hills reduce urban complex to ragged patchwork.
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Paris Urban Public Green space network
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Before the mid 19th century, there were hardly any parks, gardens and squares that were open to the public. So NapoleonIII strongly supported the development of green space systems in Paris, making Haussmann to design the whole Urban Green Space in Paris. On the right, the map of London, in 19th century, is showing public parks for common citizens, whereas Paris has only parks for Nobles and Royal families like Tuileries park.
Development of two forests on East
Three large parks, located NW, NE and S
Traffic network that creates an axis, connecting urban green space
Street connecting Park Monceaux and Forest Boulogne 1. Forest Boulogne 2. Park Monceaux 3. Pl. Etoile 4. Ave. Foche 5. Ave. Hoche
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The comparison of Urban Park Distribution between London and Paris in The comparison of Urban Park Distribution between London and Paris in 1860s. 1860s.
existing green spaces before the Second Empire green areas redesigned by Haussmann developed Empire
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Squares Distributing 24 squares within 500m away
All of forests, parks, and squares.
Placement of Square Tour St. Jacque surrounded by streets 1. Sq. Tour St. Jacque 2. Rue Rivoli 3.Bd.Sevastopol
Completed version of green space and street network.
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s, es
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Haussmann designed to allocate green public space throughout Paris from west to east for all of Parisians.
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Haussmann’s Boulevard Plan
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In order to gain the width of the boulevard, Haussmann drew the boulevard plan over the existing housing units and demolished the one on the way of the new boulevard. The result turned out to be more efficient than before. About 20 thousands houses were demolished, but instead, 40 thousands houses were added in addition to the wide street system. The figures show de l’opera boulevard plan and existing housing units that no longer exists.
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Two main axis and the circulation system of Boulevards Two main axis were drawn. One is along the Champs-Elysees, from west, Pl. Etoile, and, east, Pl. Nation. And the other is la Grande Croisee, from north, Gare de l’est, to south, Le lion de Belfort. The purpose of the circular scheme was to connect main boulevards as a circle.
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Sewage sytem In 1850s Paris was still served by a medieval sewer network that was clustered around the city centre (Figure 3). Haussmann and his chief engineer Eugene Belgrand did an investigation that soon revealed a series of design faults in the existing sewer system. It was inadequate to handle large quantities of water after a heavy rain, and it could be because ofthe size of the sewers that had been determined by the height of a sewerman. The layout, elevation and gradient of the sewers were unable to prevent water from periodically flooding onto the streets, and much of the growing city was not even integrated into the existing drainage system.
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In 1857, the sewer reconstruction programm began. The first major project was the construction of the Collecteur General d’Asnieres, which was a new elliptical structure approximately 14 feet high and 18 feet wide. The purpose of this complex channel was to ensure that waste waters would be diverted into the River Seine downstream of the city. Both Haussmann and Belgrand believed that a modern sewer system should, as far as possible, be mechanically cleaned, in order to eliminate the need for dangerous and degrading human labour.
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The sewers (sluice system)’ Felix Nadar (1864–65)
Haussmann was reluctant to allow any human faeces to enter the magnificent collecting channels of the new sewer system, and only did so under intense pressure from the city’s municipal authorities.41 The desire to separate ‘clean’ storm water from ‘dirty’ human waste was integral to Haussmann’s conception of an orderly flow of water through urban space. His objections to human excrement entering the sewer system were not only related to the contamination of the underground city; he feared that the dilution of human waste in water would reduce its value as a fertilizer, and thereby disrupt the organic economy of the city.
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By 1870, the Paris had a sewer network of 348 miles, which is four folds longer than the network 20 years ago (Figure 4). But what were these new sewers actually for? When the reconstruction of the sewers began in the 1850s, it was assumed that only limited quantities of human faeces from individual homes would enter the sewer system (only a fifth of private dwellings were connected at this time), and that there would be a continuation in the work of nightsoil collectors. The initial scope of the reconstruction was thus concerned primarily with the drainage of storm waters; however, the steady increase in personal water consumption unsettled this conception of the public works that would be required.
The architecture Facade
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To accompany the new streets and provide visual unity to the entire city, Haussmann and his team of architects constructed a unifying architectural faรงade that changed the shape of Paris. As well as coating the city with a unifying style, From the beginning, Haussmann set up construction specifications for the appearance of the buildings, which also included their height and the number of floors.
Haussmann facade
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Hierarchy
Field Works 01_Amsterdam Postcard
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02_Barcelona Thick Survey
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Amsterdam
Thick Survey_ Cityscape of Barcelona Thick Survey_Cityscape of Barcelona
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1_Centro de Cultura Contemporanea de Barcelona (CCCB) 2_Placa de Joan Coromines 3_Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art 4_Fundacio Tot Raval 5_Institut dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estudis Catalans 6_National Libarary of Catalonia
Bicycling Strolling Waiting
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Walking on stair Ascending Descending
Walking Chatting Jogging Fast walking Dining
Waiting Loading
Crossing Slow driving
Waiting Loading
Walking Chatting Jogging Fast walking Dining
Walking Chatting Jogging Fast walking Dining
Walking Parking
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Gathering Socializing Dining
Walking Chatting Fast walking
Slow walking Waiting
Crossing Slow driving Fast walking
Slow walking Waiting
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Slow walking Waiting
Walking Chatting Jogging Fast walking Slow walking Gathering Socializing
Cocktail partying Slow walking Gathering Socializing
Passing Fast walking
Strolling Slow walking Resting
Excercising Strolling Running
Excercising Strolling Running
Walking Passing Fast Walking
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Dining Loading Wallking Busking
Skateboarding Bicycling Resting Gathering Parking
Skateboarding Bicycling Resting Gathering Parking
Walking Fast walking Parking Dining
Walking Passing
Walking Passing Resting
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Walking Fast walking Parking Dining
Running Jumping Playing Tumbling
Walking Passing Resting
Walking Passing Fast walking
Waiting Standing
Crossing Fast walking Running Slow driving
Crossing Fast walking Running Slow driving
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Waiting Standing Walking
Bicycling Walking Passing
Walking Passing
Walking Passing Strolling Gathering
Walking Passing Parking
Waiting Standing Walking
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Waiting Standing Walking
Crossing Fast walking Running Slow driving Waiting Standing Walking
Walking Strolloing
Walking Passing
Walking Resitng Eating Playing chess Palying guitar
Walking Resitng Eating Gathering Socializing
Work Shop 01_Stamp
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02_Still Life in CAD
This is the first stamp field that one would make a stamp out of a eraser and would stamp in a constant stamp field.
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Stamp field:
Gradient Field:
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This is third stamp field strategy that starts from three centers. From those centers one would stamp the most in the center and would stamp less as one stamps further away from the center, creating a gradient stamp field.
Radial Stamp:
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This is the second stamp field that starts with two centers. Then one would stamp in a circular motion that radiates from the two circles, creating a radiant field.
Stamp wrap: Phase 02_ This is a simple strategy of creating a surface by using one stamp and multiplying it in a field and to fold it in a cylinder. This is the final step, that is just folding the plain field into a cylinder with a diamond grid.
Stamp wrap: Phase 01_ This is a simple strategy of creating a surface by using one stamp and multiplying it in a field and to fold it in a cylinder.
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This image is the first step of this stamp wrap, showing just a plain surface with the field of one stamp.
Still Life in CAD
Figure 1. Section Figure 2. Bright and Dark Figure 3. Recognation
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These series of drawings show three different strategies to express the same basic line work. The first one has hatches that intend to show the materiality of each objects. The second strategy uses black and white voids to show the outer and inner volumes. The final one uses the same black and white void to show the outer shell of each objects.
Being Flaneur Of Paris
UEx_Yunhak Sim
8 walks and 2 lectures 1 - Les Passages / Arcades A link between the past and the present city, and between the previous flâneurs and ourselves. Literally, a journey through the core of the city, like a drilled corridor. References: Charles Baudelaire, Walter Benjamin, Dadaists and Surrealists. Bourse - Bibliothèque Nationale - Palais Royal - Les Halles - Grands boulevards 2 - A string of Pearls A walk along the great axis about layers of urbanism and power, about maps and propaganda. An opportunity to observe the successive kings’ and presidents’ desire to “mark” space. A concentration of grand urban spaces (jewels) cut into the dense fabric of Paris. Place des Vosges - Hotel de Sully - Philippe Auguste Wall - Beaubourg - les Halles - Place des Victoires - Marché St Honoré - Place Vendôme - Jardin des Tuileries - Place de la Concorde (view along the “grand axe”) 3 - Belleville Visit of a Parisian neighborhood with a strong identity, not touristic and particularly dense, complex and mixed - in its population (Asian, Arabic, Jewish, African, French, etc.), as well as in its architecture: juxtaposition of old and new parts, individual houses and public housing, secret inner courtyards, street market, park, etc.
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4 - ZigZag, rive gauche / rive droite Weaving between monuments and neighborhoods along the river axis, and observing its essential connection with the city, since the beginning. Checking that Paris belongs to us, outside and inside (school, park, museum, courthall, church...). Pont d’Austerlitz - Jardin des Plantes - Université Jussieu - Institut du Monde Arabe - Pont Sully - Ile St Louis - Ile de la Cité: Mémorial de la déportation - Notre Dame - Palais de Justice - Place Dauphine Pont Neuf - Cour Carrée - Pont des Arts - Ecole des Beaux Arts - St Germain des Prés - Place St Sulpice: Café de la Mairie (G.Perec) 5 - the 13th - Collage city A contrasted itinerary through the 13th arrdt., offering a panorama of buildings and urbanism from the 60 s until the current
transformations. On our way: a few Parisian towers, Chinatown, social housing from different time periods and the new Paris Rive Gauche neighborhood. Orientation maps and loss of orientation. Manufacture des Gobelins - “ghost” river Bièvre - Mobilier National (Perret) - first Parisian skyscraper (Albert) les Olympiades - underground street - Salvation Army building (Le Corbusier) - Paris Rive Gauche neigborhood - Bibliothèque Nationale (Perrault) - Seine river - floating swimming pool - pedestrian bridge 6 - Canal de l’Ourcq, a cruise to elsewhere Seascapes and Utopias (self-guided walk) An itinerary along and around the canal, from Ledoux’s rotunda at the bassin de la Villette to (almost) the “périphérique” and the exit out of Paris. A catalogue of ideas on buildings and cities, and the opportunity to make links between real places encountered on the walk and visionary and utopist projects. Ledoux’s Rotunda - Ourcq canal - Ave de Flandre - Jardins d’Eole - 104 - Renzo Piano’s housing - St Serge Orthodox Church - Parc de la Villette 7 - the 18th - Borders An itinerary about territories, borders and thresholds. Also about tourism, clichés and immigration. Montmartre/Montmartreland/ Pigalle/Chateau Rouge/la Goutte d’Or: navigating through these territories with strong identities, and observing precisely where the borderlines pass, more or less visible. Maison Tzara (Loos) - St Jean de Montmartre - Shoe store (former theater) - African market 8 - Student designed walk Students (by teams) are designing a walk and its corresponding map - and taking the group on a tour. It should be centered around something they would like to investigate: a neighborhood, a physical component of the city, a theme, a fiction story, a sensation, emotion, etc….The walks should be seen as narratives.The students will then assemble the various walks together - in a specific and appropriate order - to compose a bigger itinerary made of several sequences.
Lectures: Urban Wanderers 1-Getting lost 2-Discovering new territories
UEx 13 memory maps After each walk/lecture, a memory map - highly subjective and selective (with holes, distortions, additions, thoughts, feelings, etc) - is produced by each student and handed in the following week. Postcards are sent from other cities, as travel memory maps.
- Map 0 : preconceived map of Paris - 8 memory maps from walks - 2 memory maps from lectures
Personal mapping project Throughout the semester, students are creating and developping a personal mapping project, on which they are working independently. It is about exploring a place or an idea, experimenting and creating a personal graphic language, and about learning to play and combine in the best possible way form and content, simplicity and complexity. Inventing oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own method of working is part of the process and as important as the final result.
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- 2 postcards from field trips (Netherlands, Barcelona)
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MaP #0: Pre-conceived map of Paris
Google Map is always providing us with the fastest way to get a destination. However, especially in Paris, we might donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to use it because every street in Paris has various stories. This detour map can give you the abundant story of your daily life during walking even it takes lots of times.
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Notre Dame to Pantheon
MaP #1: Les Passages / Arcades
A secret room
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Passage is a secret room in building since we have never recognized any passages before we get into it.This secret space which has various atmospheres in Paris can be shown to other people by unfolding it! Moreover, depending on each passages, the individual passage has its own characteristic like gallery, bookstore, fashion, and another culture like Indian and African.
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MaP #2: A String of Pearls 126 : UEx_Yunhak Sim
Line & Square I follow the continuous line and I met various types of squares which gave me distinct impressions and some monuments such as the wall and Renzo model shop in middle of the line. Also, this continuous line is sectionally following the Pompidu center.
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MaP #3: Belleville
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The walking through Belleville gives two main flowness: from metro to the highest point of Belleville and from Cloud to La Seine.
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Memory Textile Zigzag walking cross La Seine gives me the feeling of weaving momory patches in Paris neighborhood which has both traditional character and contemporary character together.
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MaP #5: The 13th District_ Collage city 132 : UEx_Yunhak Sim
The city on various Layers The changes of layers happen through walking the 13th district. From underground to high-rise buidling, those changes are able to give narrative sequences to us by containing different characteristics.
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MaP #6: Self-guided Walk 134 : UEx_Yunhak Sim
Between the lecture and the walk There are lots of similarities in the world between objects even though a shape is different. Through the lecture and the self-guided walk, we can explore to find similarities and this experience come to my mind as Decalcomanie.
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MaP #7: Crossing the Border
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MaP #8: Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Walk_ Light & Night Walk
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MaP #8: Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Walk
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MaP #9: Lecture 01
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MaP #10: Lecture 02
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Postcard_Amsterdam
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Postcard_Barcelona
Send My Memory To you
Past
Mur des Fermiers generaux [1784-1791]
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In 1782, the Farmers-General proposed to the king Louis XVI in Paris to enclose a new wall, making drill holes exclusively for the introduction of goods required for the consumption of the inhabitants of the capital. The project was accepted and the wall was built. (1784-1790 ). The Wall of the Farmers-General was one of the speakers in Paris. It was built just before the Revolution to enable the collection of a tax on goods entering it. The wall was destroyed in 1860 during the expansion of Paris.
Present
Expansion of Paris [1860-2013]
The rotunda of the Parc Monceau The Rotonde de la Villette The Barriere du Trone, near the Place de la Nation The barrier Hell, place Denfert-Rochereau
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During the expansion of Paris in 1860, the wall was demolished and only four were preserved.
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Personal Mapping Project
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Mur des Fermiers generaux
1st Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Students come from the outside of wall, People who want to get dinner come from inside of the wall and Boulevard Vincent Auriol is like a gathering spot.
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Boulevard Vincent Auriol is a playground for skaters and basketball players. Sometimes, this can be the shelter for homeless people.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
1st Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Boulevard Auguste Blanqui meets Place dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Italie. This space is little noisy due to traffic. Also, the boulevard is used as a green space.
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Boulevard Raspail has more parking space istead of having a central space. The street has the comtemporary art museum and the architecture school.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
1st Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Place Denfert-Rochereau, the first preserved wall I met, is surrounded by trees. It is hard to find and it makes me lost.
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Boulevard Edgar Quinet is a tiny boulevard but, at the same time, it contains lots of atmospheres like a calm green space and a vigorous night market.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
2nd Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Boulevard Pasteur has a contrast context between the central park and the metro railway.
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On Boulevard Garibaldi, people put the set of playing ball and they enjoy it. Boulevard provides a space for human activities. In addition, this boulevard has contrast buidling elevations.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
2nd Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Boulevard Grenelle is crowded place meeting Rue de commerce. Also, this street can be used for market place by having the cross-shaped base.
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On Boulevard Grenelle, there is a basketball playground and lots of travelers to get Tour de Eiffel wondering where they need to go.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Avenue Newyork is aligning with La Seine and the buildings on Rich village. Comparing to other streets, it provides different atmospheres.
On Place du Trocadero, there is a demonstration of Koreans and there are lots of travelers taking photographs with Eiffel tower.
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3rd Day
Mur des Fermiers generaux
3rd Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
From Avenue Kleber to Place de lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Etoile, the street is a very silent space. I walk alone without any human voice but, when I get Arc de Triomphe, I meet people again and feel comfortable.
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On Parc Monceau, there is the second remain of tax wall currently used for toilets and offices.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
4th Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Boulevard de Clichy is surrounded by many sexshops and the boulevard is like island for avoiding those shops.
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On la Rotonde de la Villette, there is the third remains of tax wall currently used for cafe and restaurant. Also, this place meets the canal and has a huge Chinese market.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
4th Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Boulevard de Belleville is surrounded by Saturday market. I totally cannot recoginze each sideâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building elevations. It seems like different island comparing to Boulevard de Clichy.
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On La barri猫re du Tr么ne, near the Place de Nation, there is the fourth remain of tax wall currently closed. It is on a very tiny boulevard within the neighborhood scale.
Mur des Fermiers generaux
4th Day
Outside of the wall
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Inside of the wall
Boulevard de Bercy is surrounded by super housing blocks. This space is also very calm area.
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The City is Your Forest
BaM_Yunhak Sim
Building as Model
Overview Building as Model examines moments of paradigmatic change from the late 19th to the early 20th century in European architecture, urban planning, and urban design. Beginning with Viollet-le-Duc and ending with the first iteration of OMA, the course prioritizes â&#x20AC;&#x153;buildingâ&#x20AC;? as an act rather than object. The class examines moments when technical and social change reshaped dependent, but sometimes opposed, realms of design practice. The first realm considers architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationship to power within the socio-political context, examining architecture as discipline which reacted to the ravages of war, economic ideals, social revolutions, and the shifts in global hegemony. The second aspect considers architecture as a medium of control, examining how architectural practice has strong affiliations and dependencies upon the logic of industrial management, the invention of engineering as an independent discipline, the impact of material innovation, and the changing role of digital processes.
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Course Goals & Objectives Functioning as a hybrid between workshop and seminar, this course encourages students to: Students will learn about 20th Century paradigms in European architecture, urban planning, and the emergence of urban design as a discipline. Students will learn about the significance of research, and to develop productive research habits and tools. Students will learn to think through essays, in general, and to understand the writing of history as distinct from other kinds of writing. Students will construct physical models as analysis tools to amplify the relevance of history to design practice. Students will develop a working relation between research and production as interconnected modes that enrich and accelerate all work. Students will learn to appreciate history as tool to
open possibilities in the present.
Topical Outline: Research Skills (30%) Presentation skills (10%) Writing History (60%)
Student Performance Criteria A1 A2 A5 A7 A9 A11
Communication Skills Design Thinking Skills Investigative Skills Use of Precedents Historical Traditions and Global Culture Applied Research
Prerequisites: AAH 119; AAH 120, HUM 100-level
Booth, Wayne, The Craft of Research, Ed 3, University of Chicago Press, 2008. Chicago Manual of Style 16, University of Chicago Press, 2010. Kenneth Frampton, Toward a Critical Regionalism. Robert Somol, Dummy Text, or the Diagrammatic Basis of.Contemporary Architecture. Ferdinand Tonnies, Community and Civil Society. Orwell, George, Politics and the English Language. Weekly lecture and seminar discussions. A huge resource of monographs, histories. Site visits and research itineraries.
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Learning Resources:
Lectures Overview Graphic Models: Viollet-le-Duc, Étienne-Jules Marey Mechanical and Biological Models: CIAM before WW2, functionalism. Structuralist Models: CIAM after WW2, crises of reconstruction, the new monumentality, the new empiricism. Anthropological Models: Team X, Smithsons, VanEyck, (Hertzberger), systems in crisis. Self and Society: Archigram, British Pop, culture in crisis, megastructures. Anti-synthetic Models: The Superarchitettura Show of 1966, disciplinarity in crisis. ‘Vernacular’ as Model: The Las Vegas Studio, signficance in crisis. Historical continuities: Alan Colqhuon and Colin Rowe Language as Model: Decon-struc-tion-(ive)-ism, representation in crisis, criticality. Manhattan as Model: OMA 1, variations on the Berlin Wall as architecture, heterotopias. Associative Models: Lynn, Schumacher. Disciplinarity in question. Media as Model: Somol and Whiting, criticality in crisis. Ambient models, organization in crisis.
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Language as Material Via a succession of short, focused papers, students will be encouraged to explore writing as a an analytic, synthetic, and projective tool, rather than abide by chronologies of “progress.” The hope is that students will come to understand the writing of history as a direct complement to drawing and modeling. Students will practice writing, not just as the culmination of research, but as a medium of exploration. Each essay asks students to evaluate a different building via two complementary investigations:
A one-page essay: approximately 1000 words to fill exactly 1 sheet, 2 sides, using 12pt. Akkurat Pro typestyle. An analytic model.
Weekly Writing Exercises Each week, students will develop the language of essays via structured writing exercises. The pattern of exercises will repeat so students have the chance to practice, grow comfortable, and gain control. Because there are innumerable ways to build a short essay, the goal is not to find an ‘ideal’ structure but to consider the impact of different arrangements on the argument and tone.
If ideas disappoint me, give me no pleasure, it is because I offer them my approval too easily, seeing how they solicit it, are only made for that. Ideas seek my approval, demand it, and it is only too easy for me to offer it; this offering, this consent, produces no pleasure in me but rather a kind of queasiness or nausea. On the other hand, objects, landscapes, events, individuals of the external give me much pleasure. They win my trust. For the simple reason that they don’t need it. Their concrete presence and evidence, their density... their way of implying: “this doesn’t get invented (it gets discovered); their way of expressing: “this is beautiful because I wouldn’t have invented it, I couldn’t have” - all this is justification for existence, or more precisely, my pretext; and the variety of things is what really constructs me.”3 The second week of each module will focus on the logic of arguments and the coherence of paragraphs. Students will produce outlines to explore different iterations of arguments, each consisting of: thesis sentences, topic sentences, and concluding statements.
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The first week of each module will focus on gathering evidence. Students collect factual statements and compile quotations. The goal of this exercise is to suppress persuasive rhetoric in favor of exposing a quantity of evidence.
The third week of each module will require the first full draft, with a focus on combining sentences. Students will experiment with the rhentorical effect of recombining supporting evidence into different arrangements. The last weeks of each module will shift focus: • • • •
Exploring passive and active voice. Exploring point of view. Exploring introductions and conclusions. Writing around images.
Paper Topic 1 Questions of Cultural Discontinuity Even if modernism (avante-gardism) aspired to replace traditional values, it seems naive to think it could erase them completely. Describe the residue of traditional cultural values latent in a building considered to be a model of modernism (avante-gardism). Describe the way avante-garde and traditional elements are figured in the building’s spatial, material, systematic, or other, order.
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Projects: Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Altes Museum Robert Adam, Saxham House, 1779 Andrea Palladio, Villa Malcontenta Adolf Loos, Villa Müller, Prague Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye Le Corbusier, Villa Stein Le Corbusier, Maison Citrohan Le Corbusier, Siedelung, Wiesenhoff Le Corbusier, Unité d’Habitation, Marseille Mies van der Rohe, German Pavillion, Barça Mies van der Rohe, Tugendhat House Mies van der Rohe, Hermann Lange House Gerrit Rietveld, Schroederhuis Victor Horta, Hôtel Tassel
Aldo Van Eyck, Amsterdam Orphanage Konstantin Melnikov, Rusakov Workers Club August Perret, 25 bis rue Franklin, Paris. August Perret, Notre Dame de Raincy
Paper Topic 2 Option 2: Questions of Geographical Contingency Although modernism (avante-gardism) aspired to be universal, its dissemination required that it come in contact with diverse cultures, and divergent technical and regional conditions. Describe how regional contingencies were interpreted and/or expressed in the spatial, material, systematic, or other, order. Guisseppe Terragni, Casa del Fascio Alvar Aalto, Villa Mairea Alvaro Siza, Piscina das Marés, Matosinhos Miralles + Piños, Igualada Cemetery Sigurd Lewerentz, St. Peter’s, Klippan 1963 Herman Hertzberger, Centraal Beheer coroprate offices, 1968 Villaplana + Piñon, Centre de Cultura Contemporanea, Barçelona. Giancarlo di Carlo, Villaggko Matteotti housing estate, 1969-74. Archizoom, No-Stop City Peter Zumthor, Kolumba Peter Zumthor, Therme Vals Oscar Niemeyer, Communist Party Headquarters Ksho Kurakawa, Nakagin Capsule Towers Jørn Utzon, Bagevaerd Church, Copenhagen Carlo Scarpa, Fondation Querini Stampala Carlo Scarpa, Brion Cemetery Luigi Moretti, Casa del Balilla, Rome, 1932 Luigi Moretti, San Mauritzia Apartments, Rome, 1961.
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Projects:
Paper Topic 2 Mod 3. Crises of Representation Many post-modernist architects focused on architecture’s autonomy or heterogeneity to overcome the quandaries of being “universal.” Rather than compose meaning through the composition of the literal material, or rely on technological advances, many sought strategies to discover and activate architecture’s deeper ‘immaterial’ powers. Consequently, the discipline’s focus shifted to diagrams to control this new kind of “matter,” rather than literal articulation of material, via plans and sections,. Yet, plans and sections are still necessary for construction. Describe diagrammatic basis, and evaluate the way it was interpreted and expressed in the spatial, material, systematic, or other, order.
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Projects: Konstantin Melnikov, “Sonata of Sleep” Archizoom Associati, No Stop City OMA, Kunsthall, Rotterdam OMA, Trés Grand Bibliotheque OMA, Parc de la Villette Bernard Tschumi, Parc de la Villette OMA, Jussieu Library OMA, Villa d’all Alva OMA, Casa da Musica SANAA, Kunstlinie, Almere SANAA, Glass Museum, Toledo UN Studio, Mercedes Museum MVRDV, Silodam Cedric Price, Funpalace (or) Piano+Rogers, Centre Pompidou Peter Eisenman, House VI Johnston Marklee, View House PLOT (BIG + JDS), VM Housing Sou Fujimoto, Atelier House, Hokkaido, 2005 Mansilla + Tuñon, MUSAC, Léon
Paradigm Change Of Architecture
BaM_Yunhak Sim
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Amsterdam Orphanage Aldo Van Eyck
Evidence Historical Background_ the conflict between CIAM and Team X CIAM (the Congres’ Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) was fascinated the spirit of the machine age. Especially, the Athens Charter, ‘La Chartre d’Athenes’, resulting from CIAM meeting in Athens in 1933, formed the theory of the Modern Movement in architecture and town planning. With the respect to functionality, Le Corbusier highly asserted that CIAM’s agenda is about a utopia, which a city provides perfect life for its inhabitants by presenting the standardization of urban housing which can generally be applied in everywhere. In 1950s the preoccupation with function, structure, standardization was challenged and ideas about human association, social aspects of urban planning, and architecture are given greater emphasis. This is because that Le Corbusier’s vision did not recognize historic value of a site connected with an identity of human and led it to be destroyed with massive concrete slab by wiping out a previously existent context. Starting with the young members of CIAM called Team X in1953, ‘La Chartre d’Athenes’ was criticized regarding identity or memory of places. They believed that removing historic fabric, which had been formed through our history, means erasing our identity.
Urban design is a people’s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement. It is the method learned and used by a people to solve the total programs of requirements for city building. The city is an element of a people’s spiritual and physical culture and, indeed, it is one of the highest expressions of that culture.
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Concern of Urbanism
Aldo Van Eyck (1918 – 99) He played an active role in CIAM, along with Jaap Bakema, Georges Candilis and Alison and Peter Smithson, its development into Team 10. Aldo Van Eyck has lectured throughout Europe and northern America stressing the need to reject Functionalism and attacking the lack of originality in most post-war Modernism. Van Eyck’s position as co-editor of the Dutch magazine Forum helped publicize the “Team 10” call for a return to humanism within architectural design. While van Eyck demands an empirical search for original solutions in most of his written works, he shows a distinct preference for Structuralist as well as ‘humanist’ values within his completed projects. With his partners, van Eyck has generated a subtle, innovative, and appropriate architecture that effectively meets user needs.
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Amsterdam’s Municipal Orphanage (1955-60) The building is located in the edge of Berlage’s early 20th century plan south for extending the city. The project was planned to take the place of the old Amsterdam orphanage, located in a 16th century monastery in the old city. It is designed for 125 children, aged from a few months to 20 years, grouped by age and sex in eight different packages, each with its shared annexes (game rooms, lounge) and its bedrooms. The program was composed by a space for the administration and spaces for housing and various communal facilities such as a gym, dining room, and kitchen. Van Eyck offered the orphanage in Amsterdam as a model for the city. All of the ideas implemented in this project were meant to be interpreted as a blue print for the design of the urban environment. The dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck and worked his struggle to find a way of unifying them. The most important aspect of the village is the people who live in it and their relationship to the each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space. The design was generated and then later, defined by the
generic form of the community. The wind breaks have a social and symbolic function transforming the entire village into a center without the traditional thinning out of public amenities into housing.
Mobility and Clustering The orphanage, which used to house just over 100 children, has from the outset a distinct feeling of infinity due to the attention Van Eyck has paid to the articulation of numbers and their configuration. The multiplication of the individual units is done in such a way that the identity of each unit is read as part of the whole. Both the spatial dynamic and the circulation of these units are governed by diagonals. This type of duality is called a twin phenomenon by Van Eyck. It is this sensitivity he feels is missing from the city, in particular the sequences between spaces. He believes that irrespective of the function or area a space occupies its relationship with other spaces and the whole needs to be addressed.
According to his design principle, humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the architecture as in between place. The main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationship between people, rather than the building construction. Van Eyck’s concept of “the in-between” spaces is verbalized with a path-based scheme and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Like the ‘Nagele village’ the orphanage has been decentralized into a number of communal areas with interconnecting internal streets. The residential units are arranged along these streets in a staggered formation giving each of them individual outdoor spaces. He calls this sequence or journey between places the ‘traffic space’. He considers the places in between places, as places, resulting in the growth or dispersion of a pattern. In this situation the design has evolved from the
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In-between place_ Internal Street as a Communal space
daily life patterns of the staff and residents. It is this spatial continuity and his poly-centric ideas, which he says should be conceived as a city. The building’s roof is covered with dozens of skylight. These skylights lead children to get lots of natural light. The beams of light get into semi dark rooms, highlighting different parts of the rooms depending on the time of day, adding visual interest. All along the main hallways are walls of glazed glass looking out to the building’s many courtyards allowing for nice views as well as providing lots of light.
Quote “It is the street of the pedestrian of a thousand years ago, it is a relic of the centuries: it is a non-functioning, obsolete organ. The street wears us out. It is altogether disgusting! Why, then, does it still exist?” P.196, Le Corbusier, Moos, 1979
“Man may readily identify himself with his own hearth, but not so easily within the town which he is placed. ‘Belonging’ is a basic emotional need – its associations are of the simplest order. From belonging and identity comes the enriching sense of neighborliness. The short narrow street of the slum succeeds where the spacious redevelopment frequently fails.”
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P.271, Team 10 responses to the CIAM 8 report 1951, Modern architecture, a critical history
“Member of Team 10 spoke of the necessity of a ‘new beginning’, and a ‘responsibility’, a moral imperative ‘towards the individual or groups [the architect] builds for, and towards the cohesion and convenience of the collective structure to which they belong”. P.13, TEAM 10 in search of a Utopia of the present
“Living in families is the usual basis of the Community way of life. This keeps on developing in villages and towns, the village Community and the town can themselves be regarded as large families, the various clans and kinship networks forming the basic organisms of the common body; the guilds, corporations and offices are the tissues and organs of the town”. P.253-254, Tonnies Ferdinand, Community and Civil Society
“One outcome of this change in thinking among some architect-urbanists was the rehabilitation of the street as a legitimate element of civic design. The street is not only a means of access but also an arena for social expression”. P.130, Urban design-street and square, cliff Moughtin
“In its place they proposed new criteria for planning in which the totality of a community and its particular character and environment should be taken into account”. P.43, TEAM 10 in search of a Utopia of the present
“The windbreak moreover has a social and symbolic function. As Van Eyck explained it, ‘no village center with housing around and beyond it but the entire village as a centre without the usual unfortunate dichotomy’”.
“Van Eyck articulated inside and outside spaces with defined transitional in-between places. Within plastic architecture, inside and outside spaces pass over into on another and are designed in an abstract form of fitting for function. Based upon the concept of in-between, the transitional space creates a simultaneous awareness of what is signified on either side.” P.4, MUNICIPAL ORPHANAGE (1955-1960)
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P.58, TEAM 10 in search of a Utopia of the present
Thesis 01_Thesis Sentence With the respect to the preoccupation with function, structure, standardization in 1950s, urban design is a people’s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement. First Topic: Aldo Van Eyck was focusing on a street as the possibility of communal space. Second Topic: Since the main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationships between people, rather than the building construction, Van Eyck’s concept of “the in-between” spaces is verbalized with a pathbased scheme and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Third Topic: The multiplication of the individual orphanage units identifies each unit read as part of the whole. Concluding sentence:Humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the architecture as in between place based on Aldo Van Eyck’s design principle.
02_Thesis Sentence Urban design is a people’s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement.
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First Topic:The dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck and worked his struggle to find a way of unifying them. Second Topic:The most important aspect of the village is the people who live in it and their relationship to the each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space.
Third Topic: Amsterdam orphanage used the wind breaks to have a social and symbolic function transforming the entire village into a center without the traditional thinning out of public amenities into housing. Concluding sentence: All of the ideas implemented in this project were meant to be interpreted as a blue print for the design of the urban environment.
03_Thesis Sentence Starting with the young members of CIAM called Team X in1953, ‘La Chartre d’Athenes’ was criticized regarding identity or memory of places. First Topic: Le Corbusier’s vision did not recognize historic value of a site connected with an identity of human and led it to be destroyed with massive concrete slab by wiping out a previously existent context. Second Topic: Aldo Van Eyck asserted throughout Europe and northern America stressing the need to reject Functionalism and attacking the lack of originality in most post-war Modernism. Third Topic: ‘Belonging’ is a basic emotional need – its associations are of the simplest order. From belonging and identity comes the enriching sense of neighborliness. Concluding sentence: His understanding of history and identity was relevant with memory that conserves the past and the experience of the moment.
Aldo van Eyck has generated a subtle, innovative, and appropriate architecture that effectively meets user needs. First Topic: The design has evolved from the daily life patterns of the staff and residents. Second Topic: He considers the places in between places, as places, resulting in the growth or dispersion
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04_Thesis Sentence
of a pattern. Third Topic: Those skylights lead children to get lots of natural light. The beams of light get into semi dark rooms, highlighting different parts of the rooms depending on the time of day, adding visual interest. Concluding sentence: Thus, the building accomplishes its program need as an orphanage serving with spatial quality.
05_Thesis Sentence With the respect to functionality, Le Corbusier highly asserted that CIAM’s agenda is about a utopia, which a city provides perfect life for its inhabitants by presenting the standardization of urban housing which can generally be applied in everywhere. First Topic: Humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the architecture as in between place based on Aldo Van Eyck’s design principle. Second Topic: Van Eyck’s concept of “the in-between” spaces is verbalized with a path-based scheme and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Third Topic: The main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationship between people, rather than the building construction.
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Concluding sentence: The design was generated and then later, defined by the generic form of the community through the spatial continuity and his poly-centric ideas, which he says should be conceived as a city.
06_Thesis Sentence Building as a model for the city: Functionalism believes all functions of urbanism can be served by architecture itself. Since, the dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck, he was struggling to find a way of unifying them.
First Topic: In contrast with the standardization, the multiplication of the individual orphanage units identifies each unit read as part of the whole. Second Topic: The most important aspect of urban is the people who live in it and their relationship with each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space. Third Topic: Van Eyck’s concept of “the in-between” spaces is verbalized with a path-based scheme as an internal street and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Concluding sentence: Humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the building as in between place based on Aldo Van Eyck’s design principle.
Draft The building as a model for the city
In contrast with the standardization, the multiplication of the individual orphanage units identifies each unit read as part of the whole. Van Eyck called this type of duality as a twin phenomenon. The orphanage, which used to house just over 100 children, has from the outset a distinct feeling of infinity due to the attention Van Eyck has paid to the articulation of numbers and their configuration. It means that the
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Functionalism believes all functions of urbanism can be served by architecture itself. With the respect to the preoccupation with function, structure, standardization in 1950s, urban design is a people’s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement. It is not necessary to amalgamate urban design and architecture with responding or harmonizing surrounding urban context. Since, the dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck, he was struggling to find a way of unifying them within the building.
multiplication and clustering of the individual units are considered in such a way that the identity of each unit is read as part of the whole emphasizing a communal function. Moreover, the most important aspect of urban is the people who live in it and their relationship with each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space. Living in families is the usual basis of the Community way of life. This keeps on developing in villages and towns, the village Community and the town can themselves be regarded as large families, the various clans and kinship networks forming the basic organisms of the common body; the guilds, corporations and offices are the tissues and organs of the town.1 The design generated and then later, defined the generic form of the community. This is because that all of the ideas implemented in this project interpreted as a blue print for the design of the urban environment. Lastly, Van Eyck’s concept of “the in-between” spaces is verbalized with a path-based scheme as an internal street and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Le Corbusier concerned a street as nothing in urbanism by stating that
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It is the street of the pedestrian of a thousand years ago; it is a relic of the centuries: it is a non-functioning, obsolete organ. The street wears us out. It is altogether disgusting! Why, then, does it still exist?2 In contrast, Aldo Van Eyck was focusing on a street as the possibility of communal space. Like the ‘Nagele village’, the orphanage has been decentralized into a number of communal areas with interconnecting internal streets. Moughtin states that
1
P.253-254, Tonnies Ferdinand, Community and Civil Society.
2
P.196, Le Corbusier, Moos, 1979.
One outcome of this change in thinking among some architect-urbanists was the rehabilitation of the street as a legitimate element of civic design. The street is not only a means of access but also an arena for social expression.3 The arranged orphanage units along internal streets gave which provide kids with playground. He calls this sequence or journey between places the ‘traffic space’. In conclusion, humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the building as in between place based on Aldo Van Eyck’s design principle. Since the main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationships between people, rather than the building construction, he considers the places in between places, as places, resulting in the growth of communal activities.
Voice Active Voice
In contrast with the standardization, the multiplication of the individual orphanage units identifies each unit read as part of the whole. Van Eyck called
3
P.130, Urban design-street and square, cliff Moughtin.
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Functionalism believes architecture can serve itself with all functions of urbanism. With the respect to the preoccupation with function, structure, standardization in 1950s, urban design is a people’s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement. It is not necessary to amalgamate urban design and architecture with responding or harmonizing surrounding urban context. Since, the dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck, he was struggling to find a way of unifying them within the building.
this type of duality as a twin phenomenon. The orphanage, which used to house just over 100 children, has from the outset a distinct feeling of infinity due to the attention Van Eyck has paid to the articulation of numbers and their configuration. It means that the multiplication and clustering of the individual units are considered in such a way that the identity of each unit is read as part of the whole emphasizing a communal function. Moreover, the most important aspect of urban is the people who live in it and their relationship with each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space. Living in families is the usual basis of the Community way of life. This keeps on developing in villages and towns, the village Community and the town can themselves be regarded as large families, the various clans and kinship networks forming the basic organisms of the common body; the guilds, corporations and offices are the tissues and organs of the town.4 The design generated and then later, defined the generic form of the community. This is because that all of the ideas implemented in this project interpreted as a blue print for the design of the urban environment.
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Lastly, Van Eyck verbalized concept of â&#x20AC;&#x153;the in-betweenâ&#x20AC;? spaces with a path-based scheme as an internal street and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Le Corbusier concerned a street as nothing in urbanism by stating that It is the street of the pedestrian of a thousand years ago; it is a relic of the centuries: it is a non-functioning, obsolete organ. The street wears us out. It is altogether disgusting! Why, then, does it still exist? 5
4
P.253-254, Tonnies Ferdinand, Community and Civil Society.
5
P.196, Le Corbusier, Moos, 1979.
In contrast, Aldo Van Eyck was focusing on a street as the possibility of communal space. Like the ‘Nagele village’, he has decentralized the orphanage into a number of communal areas with interconnecting internal streets. Moughtin states that One outcome of this change in thinking among some architect-urbanists was the rehabilitation of the street as a legitimate element of civic design. The street is not only a means of access but also an arena for social expression.6 The arranged orphanage units along internal streets gave which provide kids with playground. He calls this sequence or journey between places the ‘traffic space’. In conclusion, humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the building as in between place based on Aldo Van Eyck’s design principle. Since the main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationships between people, rather than the building construction, he considers the places in between places, as places, resulting in the growth of communal activities.
Functionalism believes all functions of urbanism can be served by architecture itself. With the respect to the preoccupation with function, structure, standardization in 1950s, urban design is a people’s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement. It is not necessary to amalgamate urban design and architecture with responding or harmonizing surrounding urban context. Since, the dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck, he was struggling to find a way of unifying them within the building.
6
P.130, Urban design-street and square, cliff Moughtin.
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Passive Voice
In contrast with the standardization, the multiplication of the individual orphanage units identifies each unit read as part of the whole. Van Eyck called this type of duality as a twin phenomenon. The orphanage, which used to house just over 100 children, has from the outset a distinct feeling of infinity due to the attention Van Eyck has paid to the articulation of numbers and their configuration. It means that the multiplication and clustering of the individual units are considered in such a way that the identity of each unit is read as part of the whole emphasizing a communal function. Moreover, the most important aspect of urban is the people who live in it and their relationship with each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space. Living in families is the usual basis of the Community way of life. This keeps on developing in villages and towns, the village Community and the town can themselves be regarded as large families, the various clans and kinship networks forming the basic organisms of the common body; the guilds, corporations and offices are the tissues and organs of the town.7 The design generated and then later, defined the generic form of the community. This is because that all of the ideas implemented in this project interpreted as a blue print for the design of the urban environment.
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Lastly, Van Eyckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concept of â&#x20AC;&#x153;the in-betweenâ&#x20AC;? spaces is verbalized with a path-based scheme as an internal street and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Le Corbusier concerned a street as nothing in urbanism by stating that It is the street of the pedestrian of a thousand years ago; it is a relic of the centuries: it is a non-functioning, obsolete organ. The street wears us out. It is altogether disgusting! Why,
7
P.253-254, Tonnies Ferdinand, Community and Civil Society.
then, does it still exist?8 In contrast, Aldo Van Eyck was focusing on a street as the possibility of communal space. Like the ‘Nagele village’, the orphanage has been decentralized into a number of communal areas with interconnecting internal streets. Moughtin states that One outcome of this change in thinking among some architect-urbanists was the rehabilitation of the street as a legitimate element of civic design. The street is not only a means of access but also an arena for social expression.9 The arranged orphanage units along internal streets gave which provide kids with playground. He calls this sequence or journey between places the ‘traffic space’.
8
P.196, Le Corbusier, Moos, 1979.
9
P.130, Urban design-street and square, cliff Moughtin.
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In conclusion, humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the building as in between place based on Aldo Van Eyck’s design principle. Since the main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationships between people, rather than the building construction, he considers the places in between places, as places, resulting in the growth of communal activities.
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Amsterdam Orphanage Aldo Van Eyck
The building as a model for the city [Amsterdam Municipal Orphanage] Functionalism believes all functions of urbanism can be served by architecture itself. With the respect to the preoccupation with function, structure, standardization in 1950s, urban design is a peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s use of an accumulated technological knowledge to control and adapt the environment for social, economic, political and religious requirement. It is not necessary to amalgamate urban design and architecture with responding or harmonizing surrounding urban context. Since, the dichotomy between architecture and urban design frustrated van Eyck, he was struggling to find a way of unifying them within the building. In contrast with the standardization, the multiplication of the individual orphanage units identifies each unit read as part of the whole. Van Eyck called this type of duality as a twin phenomenon. The orphanage, which used to house just over 100 children, has from the outset a distinct feeling of infinity due to the attention Van Eyck has paid to the articulation of numbers and their configuration. It means that the multiplication and clustering of the individual units are considered in such a way that the identity of each unit is read as part of the whole emphasizing a communal function.
Living in families is the usual basis of the Community way of life. This keeps on developing in villages and towns, the village Community and the town can themselves be regarded as large families, the various clans and kinship networks forming the basic organisms of the common body; the guilds, corporations and
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Moreover, the most important aspect of urban is the people who live in it and their relationship with each other, which is in effect, governed by the open central space.
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Figure 1. Nagele village Plan
Figure 2. Amsterdam Orphanage plan
offices are the tissues and organs of the town.1 The design generated and then later, defined the generic form of the community. This is because that all of the ideas implemented in this project interpreted as a blue print for the design of the urban environment. Lastly, Van Eyck’s concept of “the in-between” spaces is verbalized with a path-based scheme as an internal street and he carefully considers circulation patterns and gathering spaces. Le Corbusier concerned a street as nothing in urbanism by stating that It is the street of the pedestrian of a thousand years ago; it is a relic of the centuries: it is a non-functioning, obsolete organ. The street wears us out. It is altogether disgusting! Why, then, does it still exist?2 In contrast, Aldo Van Eyck was focusing on a street as the possibility of communal space. Like the ‘Nagele village’, the orphanage has been decentralized into a number of communal areas with interconnecting internal streets. Moughtin states that One outcome of this change in thinking among some architect-urbanists was the rehabilitation of the street as a legitimate element of civic design. The street is not only a means of access but also an arena for social expression.3
In conclusion, humanistic approach is mainly for the building to represent collective community and the function of the building as in between place 1
P.253-254, Tonnies Ferdinand, Community and Civil Society.
2
P.196, Le Corbusier, Moos, 1979.
3
P.130, Urban design-street and square, cliff Moughtin.
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The arranged orphanage units along internal streets gave which provide kids with playground. He calls this sequence or journey between places the ‘traffic space’.
Figure 3. Exterior playground
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Figure 4. Indoor street
based on Aldo Van Eyckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design principle. Since the main point of his design emphasizes to develop relationships between people, rather than the building construction, he considers the places in between places, as places, resulting in the growth of communal activities.
Dirk van der Heuvel. Max Risselada., “Team 10: In Search of a Utopia of the Present”, 2005. Team 10 responses to the CIAM 8 report 1951, Modern architecture, a critical history Tonnies Ferdinand, “Community and Civil Society”, 2001
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Reference
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Parc de La Villette Bernard Tschumi
Evidence Crises of Representation “Rather they propose a series of open-ended strategies to work within the indeterminate field of the contemporary city. They propose new scenarios, provoke unanticipated combinations and allow incremental adjustments over time.” 1 In contrast with traditional representations presuming stable objects and fixed subject material, the consequence of technological advance and social changes makes the contemporary city as a place containing visible or invisible information network within complex or flexible formations. In order to represent those complex dynamics fields which cannot be clearly mapped, architecture needs to formulate a new tool to describe more efficiently and propose a new way of working leading ‘Crises of representation’.
Frame by frame: narrative sequence “All transformational devices (repetition, distortion, etc.) can apply equally and independently to spaces, events, or movements. Thus, we can have a repetitive sequence of spaces coupled with an additive sequence of events.” 2 The frame permits the extreme formal manipulations of the sequence, for the content of congenial frames can be mixed, superimposed, dissolved, or cut up, giving endless possibilities to the narrative sequence.
The objectives of the competition were both to mark the vision of an era and to act upon the future 1
P. 66, A “CRISIS” OF REPRESENTATION
2
Tschumi, Bernard, Sequences
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Parc de la Villette
economic and cultural development of a key area in Paris. As described in the competition, La Villette was not intended as a simple landscape replica; on the contrary, the brief for this “urban park for the 21st century” developed a complex program of cultural and entertainment facilities. La Villette could be conceived of as one of the largest buildings ever constructed — a discontinuous building but a single structure nevertheless, overlapping the site’s existing features and articulating new activities. It opposes the landscape notion of Olmstead, widespread during the 19th century, that “in the park, the city is not supposed to exist.” Instead, it proposes a social and cultural park with activities that include workshops, gymnasium and bath facilities, playgrounds, exhibitions, concerts, science experiments, games and competitions, in addition to the Museum of Science and Technology and the City of Music on the site. For Tschumi, Parc de la Villette was not meant to be a picturesque park reminiscent of centuries past; it was more of an open expanse that was meant to be explored and discovered by those that visited the site. Tschumi, wanted the park to be a space for activity and interaction that would evoke a sense of freedom within a superimposed organization that would give the visitors points of reference. As part of Tschumi’s overall goral to induce exploration, movement, and interaction, he scattered 10 themed gardens throughout the large expansive site that people would stumble upon either quite literally or ambiguously. Each themed garden gives the visitors a chance to relax, meditate, and even play.
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Diagram architecture Languages “Diagram architecture looks for effects on the surface, but by layering surface on surface. A new kind of depth effect is created. A diagram architecture does not justify itself on the basis of embedded content, but, by its ability
to multiply effects and scenarios.” 3 Parc de la Villette is thought of by its designer, Bernard Tuschumi, as a work in progress, an architectonic design that will never be finished. Because it is a living, breathing reflection of the people who use it, continuous change is fundamental, and parts of it can be taken down, changed and built again. The three systems that comprise the Parc consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points.
Points: the follies These small red buildings are the architectural signature of the park. There are 26 of them set out on a 120-metre grid. Each folly is different, but they are all variations on a 10.80 metre cube, deconstructed and reassembled, combined with other elements (stairs, shelters...). The points are a grid system of Folies placed at 120 meter intervals that serve as a common denominator to the entire park. They are 10x10x10 meter cubes that can be changed to accommodate specific needs. The strict repetition of the Folies creates a recognizable symbol for the park. Each Folie functions as a marker and a unique space, an area for experimentation that is linked to a group or event. The Folies replace static, traditional park monuments and will be future reference points for emerging social and artistic change in an evolving society. The resulting grid presents an infinite field of intensities and extensions in and out of the Parc because there is no center of hierarchy.
Two covered walkways allow visitors to cross the park in a straight line: the north-south “galerie de la Villette” and the east-west “galerie de l’Ourcq”. The “promenade des jardins” or “cinematic walk”, which winds its way around the entire park, takes you to the 12 themed gardens. The lines of the parc are supplied 3
P.54,Practice: architecture technique + representation
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Lines: pathways
by a grid of whimsical Folies or “follies,” the orthogonal system that guides pedestrian movement and the Path of Thematic Gardens, the path that intersects the coordinate axes and provides unusual and unexpected encounters with nature. The north-south axis joins the two subway stations and the east-west axis joins Paris to the suburbs.
Surfaces: the prairies Vast lawns bordered with plane trees - the “Prairie du cercle” (circle prairie) and the “Prairie du triangle” (triangle prairie) - provide the park with breathing spaces. The surfaces of the park host activities that include game playing, exercising, entertainment, markets and more and appropriate surfaces are used for each activity. Remaining surfaces are constructed of compacted earth and gravel and are more free and varied in form.
Thesis 01_Thesis Sentence To invent a new representation method contrasting to conventional park, Bernard Tschumi was trying to deconstruct architecture on its conventions by using concepts of diagram architecture. First Topic: Each folies plays a role as a point for a marker and a unique space, a social arena linked to a group or event.
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Second Topic: Lines represent pathways of park providing narrative sequence. Third Topic: Surfaces as prairies are panoramic lawns bordered with plane trees providing people with rooms for breathing spaces. Concluding sentence: The principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects
of layering, called ‘the pleasure of superimposition.’
02_Thesis Sentence The consequence of technological advance and social changes makes the contemporary city as a place containing visible or invisible information network within complex or flexible formations. First Topic: As a way to design contemporary architecture including complex formation, diagram architecture can allow architects to give directness of procedures taking minimal means with maximal effects. Second Topic: Bernard Tschumi was trying to deconstruct architecture on its conventions by using the three systems that comprise the park consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points. Third Topic: “All transformational devices (repetition, distortion, etc.) can apply equally and independently to spaces, events, or movements. Thus, we can have a repetitive sequence of spaces coupled with an additive sequence of events.” Concluding sentence: The principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects of layering, called ‘the pleasure of superimposition.’
03_Thesis Sentence
First Topic: As a way to design contemporary architecture including complex formation, diagram architecture can allow architects to give directness of procedures taking minimal means with maximal effects.
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In order to represent complex and dynamic fields that traditional representation methods cannot clearly map, architecture needs to formulate a new tool to describe more efficiently and propose a new way of working leading ‘Crises of representation’.
Second Topic: Bernard Tschumi was trying to deconstruct architecture on its conventions by using the three systems that comprise the park consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points. Third Topic: The principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects of layering, called ‘the pleasure of superimposition.’ Concluding sentence: “Rather they propose a series of open-ended strategies to work within the indeterminate field of the contemporary city. They propose new scenarios, provoke unanticipated combinations and allow incremental adjustments over time.”
04_Thesis Sentence “Diagram architecture looks for effects on the surface, but by layering surface on surface. A new kind of depth effect is created. A diagram architecture does not justify itself on the basis of embedded content, but, by its ability to multiply effects and scenarios.” First Topic: La Villette was not intended as a simple landscape replica; on the contrary, the brief for this “urban park for the 21st century” developed a complex program of cultural and entertainment facilities. Second Topic: Parc de la Villette is thought of by its designer, Bernard Tuschumi, as a work in progress, an architectonic design that will never be finished.
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Third Topic: The three systems that comprise the Parc consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points. Concluding sentence: The principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects of layering, called ‘the pleasure of superimposition.’
05_Thesis Sentence “Rather they propose a series of open-ended strategies to work within the indeterminate field of the contemporary city. They propose new scenarios, provoke unanticipated combinations and allow incremental adjustments over time.” First Topic: When he participated in the competition, Parc de la Villette, his goal was to prove that it is possible to construct a complex architectural organization without adapting to traditional rules of composition, hierarchy and order. Second Topic: The three systems that comprise the park consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points. Each folies plays a role as a marker and a unique space, a social arena linked to a group or event. Lines represent pathways of park providing narrative sequence. Surfaces as prairies are panoramic lawns bordered with plane trees providing people with rooms for breathing spaces Concluding sentence: “Diagram architecture looks for effects on the surface, but by layering surface on surface. A new kind of depth effect is created. A diagram architecture does not justify itself on the basis of embedded content, but, by its ability to multiply effects and scenarios.”
Intro.Conc (a) An introduction “Rather they propose a series of open-ended strategies to work within the indeterminate field of the contemporary city. They propose new scenarios, provoke unanticipated combinations and allow incremental
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01. Begin with a quotation
adjustments over time.â&#x20AC;? (b) A related conclusion â&#x20AC;&#x153;Diagram architecture looks for effects on the surface, but by layering surface on surface. A new kind of depth effect is created. A diagram architecture does not justify itself on the basis of embedded content, but, by its ability to multiply effects and scenarios.â&#x20AC;?
02. Begin with relevant background material (a) An introduction In contrast with traditional representations presuming stable objects and fixed subject material, the consequence of technological advance and social changes makes the contemporary city as a place containing visible or invisible information network within complex or flexible formations. (b) A related conclusion To invent a new representation method contrasting to conventional park, Tschumi was trying to deconstruct architecture on its conventions by using concepts of diagram architecture. As a way to design contemporary architecture including complex formation, diagram architecture can allow architects to give directness of procedures taking minimal means with maximal effects.
03. Begin with a short anecdote or narrative
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(a) An introduction When Bernard Tschumi participated in the competition, Parc de la Villette, his goal was to prove that it is possible to construct a complex architectural organization without adapting to traditional rules of composition, hierarchy and order. In addition, he desired the park to be more of an open area that was meant to be explored and discovered by those that visited the place.
(b) A related conclusion The principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects of layering, called ‘the pleasure of superimposition.’
Draft Urban Park as Diagram architecture Crises of Representation Rather they propose a series of open-ended strategies to work within the indeterminate field of the contemporary city. They propose new scenarios, provoke unanticipated combinations and allow incremental adjustments over time.4
When Bernard Tschumi participated in the competition, Parc de la Villette, his goal was to prove that it is possible to construct a complex architectural organization without adapting to traditional rules of composition, hierarchy and order. In addition, he desired the park to be more of an open area that was meant to be explored and discovered by those that visited the place. Then, the principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and 4
P. 66, A “CRISIS” OF REPRESENTATION.
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In contrast with traditional representations presuming stable objects and fixed subject material, the consequence of technological advance and social changes makes the contemporary city as a place containing visible or invisible information network within complex or flexible formations. In order to represent those complex and dynamic fields that traditional representation methods cannot clearly map, architecture needs to formulate a new tool to describe more efficiently and propose a new way of working leading ‘Crises of representation’.
surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects of layering, called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the pleasure of superimposition.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Language system of the Park The three systems that comprise the park consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points. First of all, each folies plays a role as a marker and a unique space, a social arena linked to a group or event. Points as the folies are in a grid system placed at 120 meter interval to commonly denominate to the entire park. This strict repetition of the folies, 10x10x10 meter cubes creates an identical symbol of the park and the shape of folies can be changed depending on specific needs. The Park could be conceived as one of the largest buildings ever constructed â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a discontinuous building, but nevertheless a single structure overlapping in certain areas with the city and existing suburbs.5 Moreover, in terms of conventional park layout, the folies replace status, monuments and will be future reference points for emerging social and artistic change in an evolving society. Also, the distributed folies on the grid system result in an infinite field of intensities and extensions in and out of the park eliminating conventional hierarchy system.
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Second, Lines represent pathways of park providing narrative sequence. People would feel various activities and interactions within narrative sequence. Tschumi states about sequence that All transformational devices (repetition, distortion, etc.) can apply equally and independently to spaces, events, or movements. Thus, we can have a repetitive sequence of spaces coupled
5
Bernard Tschumi, Cinegramme Folie: Le Parc de la Villette, Princeton Architectural Press.
with an additive sequence of events. 6 Through the form of cinema, especially frame as the moments of the sequence, he examined architecture as â&#x20AC;&#x153;frame by frameâ&#x20AC;?. He considered the park as a film-editing machine. Specifically, the frame allows providing endless possibilities to make narrative through the formal manipulations of the sequence since the content of frames can be mixed, superimposed, dissolved, or cut up by strolling on the park. A system of lines provides unusual and unexpected meetings with nature. Lastly, Surfaces as prairies are panoramic lawns bordered with plane trees providing people with rooms for breathing spaces. A system of surface does not determine the limits of urban space and territory by blurring or diffusing the edge of the park. The surfaces of the park allow visitors to do lots of social activities that include game playing, exercising, entertainment, markets and the patterns of surfaces are programmed for certain activities. Remaining surfaces are constructed of compacted earth and gravel and are more free and varied in form. Diagram architecture
To invent a new representation method contrasting to conventional park, Tschumi was trying to deconstruct architecture on its conventions by using concepts of diagram architecture. As a way to design contemporary architecture including complex formation, diagram architecture can allow architects to give directness of procedures taking minimal means with maximal effects. 6
Sequences, Bernard Tschumi.
7
p.54, Practice: architecture technique + representation
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Diagram architecture looks for effects on the surface, but by layering surface on surface. A new kind of depth effect is created. A diagram architecture does not justify itself on the basis of embedded content, but, by its ability to multiply effects and scenarios.7
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Parc de La Villette Bernard Tschumi
Urban Park as Diagram Architecture [Parc de la Villette] Crises of Representation Rather they propose a series of open-ended strategies to work within the indeterminate field of the contemporary city. They propose new scenarios, provoke unanticipated combinations and allow incremental adjustments over time.1
When Bernard Tschumi participated in the competition, Parc de la Villette, his goal was to prove that it is possible to construct a complex architectural organization without adapting to traditional rules of composition, hierarchy and order. In addition, he desired the park to be more of an open area that was meant to be explored and discovered by those that visited the place. Then, the principle of superimposition of three independent systems of point, lines and surfaces was proposed to reflect the people who use it within continuous change given by multiple effects of layering, called ‘the pleasure of superimposition.’
1
P. 66, A “CRISIS” OF REPRESENTATION.
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In contrast with traditional representations presuming stable objects and fixed subject material, the consequence of technological advance and social changes makes the contemporary city as a place containing visible or invisible information network within complex or flexible formations. In order to represent those complex and dynamic fields that traditional representation methods cannot clearly map, architecture needs to formulate a new tool to describe more efficiently and propose a new way of working leading ‘Crises of representation’.
Figure 1. Contrast Contexts
Language system of the Park Figure 2,3. Folies Configurations
The three systems that comprise the park consist of a system of surfaces, a system of lines, and a system of points.
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First of all, each folies plays a role as a marker and a unique space, a social arena linked to a group or event. Points as the folies are in a grid system placed at 120 meter interval to commonly denominate to the entire park. This strict repetition of the folies, 10x10x10 meter cubes creates an identical symbol of the park and the shape of folies can be changed depending on specific needs. The Park could be conceived as one of the largest buildings ever constructed â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a discontinuous building, but nevertheless a single structure overlapping in certain areas with the city and existing suburbs.2
2
Bernard Tschumi, Cinegramme Folie: Le Parc de la Villette, Princeton Architectural Press.
Moreover, in terms of conventional park layout, the folies replace status, monuments and will be future reference points for emerging social and artistic change in an evolving society. Also, the distributed folies on the grid system result in an infinite field of intensities and extensions in and out of the park eliminating conventional hierarchy system. Second, Lines represent pathways of park providing narrative sequence. People would feel various activities and interactions within narrative sequence. Tschumi states about sequence that All transformational devices (repetition, distortion, etc.) can apply equally and independently to spaces, events, or movements. Thus, we can have a repetitive sequence of spaces coupled with an additive sequence of events. 3
Lastly, Surfaces as prairies are panoramic lawns bordered with plane trees providing people with rooms for breathing spaces. A system of surface does not determine the limits of urban space and territory by blurring or diffusing the edge of the park. The surfaces of the park allow visitors to do lots of social activities that include game playing, exercising, entertainment, markets and the patterns of surfaces are programmed for certain activities. Remaining surfaces are constructed of compacted earth and gravel and are more free and varied in form.
3
Sequences, Bernard Tschumi.
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Through the form of cinema, especially frame as the moments of the sequence, he examined architecture as â&#x20AC;&#x153;frame by frameâ&#x20AC;?. He considered the park as a film-editing machine. Specifically, the frame allows providing endless possibilities to make narrative through the formal manipulations of the sequence since the content of frames can be mixed, superimposed, dissolved, or cut up by strolling on the park. A system of lines provides unusual and unexpected meetings with nature.
Conclusion_Diagram architecture Diagram architecture looks for effects on the surface, but by layering surface on surface. A new kind of depth effect is created. A diagram architecture does not justify itself on the basis of embedded content, but, by its ability to multiply effects and scenarios. 4 To invent a new representation method contrasting to conventional park, Tschumi was trying to deconstruct architecture on its conventions by using concepts of diagram architecture. As a way to design contemporary architecture including complex formation, diagram architecture can allow architects to give directness of procedures taking minimal means with maximal effects.
Reference
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A â&#x20AC;&#x153;CRISISâ&#x20AC;? OF REPRESENTATION. Bernard Tschumi, Cinegramme Folie: Le Parc de la Villette, Princeton Architectural Press. Practice: architecture technique + representation.
4
P.54, Practice: architecture technique + representation.
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Figure 3. Urban Transects - Mapping Project by Bartlett Architecture
AA_Yunhak Sim
Architecture Atelier
Overview: The Paris Program studio examines architecture in an urban design framework. The studio investigates typologies (primarily institutions or collective housing) for metropolitan sites that are in flux, where there is a crisis that effects expectations about the building type, or where infrastructural organization is shifting (because of new demands, because of demographic shifts, because of territorial instability, because of changing social attitudes, cultural values, economic conditions, etc.). Research as a Subject of Inquiry ...we do not know all the basic laws: there is an expanding frontier of ignorance. ...everything we know is only some kind of approximation, because we know that we do not know all the laws as yet. Therefore, things must be learned only to unlearned again...1
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As Thomas Kuhn described in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, research ushers in unprecedented approaches to understanding, and often reconsiders foundational ideas as well as notions previously presumed to be invalid. But research is influenced by many factors, often bearing fruit in convulsive moments of acceptance and consensus rather than a linear process of deduction, or objective verification. Research is influenced by ongoing processes of cultural change just as it has the power to transform them. In architecture research is both technical and social. We have few standards of verification even though some of our technical questions are impacted by scientific understanding. Many architectural paradigms are heavily dependent on social, economic, and political change in the interpretation of technical innovation. Sometimes transformations in architecture reflect a change in the prevailing power structure, sometimes they reflect resistance, anxiety, or optimism. 1
Richard Feynman, Atoms in Motion.
This studio is dedicated to the structure of design research as much as the structure of the architecture itself. Students will be asked: To develop coherent and relevant questions To develop methods for generating and evaluating exhaustive and divergent arrays of possible answers To develop techniques that allow research to continue at each step of the design process, beyond the discovery of an initial â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;partiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and into the process of relating across scales and between systems. Course Goals & Objectives
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Students will learn to develop architecture in relation to metropolitan sub-systems and social dynamics. Students will develop the capacity to recognize, understand, define, and test urban rules and to think about the implications across various scales of the design process. Students will learn to deal with increasingly complex building programs and learn to research the history of a building typology to support design process. Students will learn to develop strategies for coordinating between socio-cultural and technicalobjectives in their design process. Students will enhance their ability to connect conceptual and technical issues of building sub-systems. Students will learn to think comprehensively about site design and site assemblies. Students will learn to think about the technical and conceptual relationship between building envelope and structural frame.
Topical Outline: 15% 15% 15% 15%
Field Analysis Precedent and Technical Research Architectural Design Process Written and Oral Presentation
Student Performance Criteria A1 A2 A3 A4 A8 A9 A10 A11 B1 B4 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 C1 C2 C3 C9
Communication Skills Design Thinking Skills Visual Communication Skills Technical Documentation Ordering Systems Skilss Historical Traditions and Global Culture Cultural Diversity Applied Research Pre-Design Site Design Environmental Systems Structural Systems Building Envelope Systems Building Service Systems Building Materials and Assemblies Collaboration Human Behavior Client Role Community / Social Responsibility
Prerequisites:
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Application and acceptance into the Paris Program
Project Program Dream Collectives / Model Habitat You will design a model apartment building. You are to assume that units are owned by private individuals who may rent them to others for an extended duration. You should consider the potential of collective living arrangements for economic, social, work-live, and other possible benefits. To support this, you may include secondary program spaces as part of the project (e.g. retail, office, workshop, is part of the ). You may define the activity and spatial configuration of this secondary program to develop a speculative research agenda. A housing project is a cross-section of the universe. Â It refers to many scales (global, urban, neighborhood, community, family, individual, pet, etc.) it relates to many physical and temporal flows (food, waste, air, heat, sound, work, leisure, nourishment, growth, aging, vacation, shopping, etc..), it connects to many social realms (familial, social, political, etc..), and its often considered a basic component of the city. In Paris, there has been a heated discussion about the history of rising real estate prices, and the impact of tourist rentals and foreign speculation. One major complaint is that housing is running short for those who most need to exist within the city, and who help it run each day, like young professionals, families, and students.
Space List
Generally, however, the objective is to approximate (as much as possible) the following occupancy distribution (by quantity of each type, not by area) 10%
Elderly or Disabled (100 m2)
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This program is a minimum, each group may adjust the quantity of living units based on the site, the eventual size and form of apartments, and the space requirements of potential secondary programmatic elements
10% Large Family: 2 adults, 2 or more children, and or relatives (120-200m2) 20% Small Family: 2 adults, 1 child (100m2) 20% Couple (75m2) 20% Single Occupant, professional (50m2) 20% Single Occupant, student (35m2) Relative living area approximations will be greatly affected by design decisions Light and Vent Except for Utility Closets, every occupied space must have direct access to natural light and natural ventilation. Each shall not be less than 10% of the floor area of the room. Access Egress All dwelling units will have at least one path of dedicated egress from the front door of the unit to the street. Stairs may exit into a courtyard if the courtyard permits direct access to the street. Stairs may exit into a lobby or other public space only if they are secondary egress paths. All apartments must have access to an elevator. This may be integrated into the stair.
Project Schedule
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Follow Leads, 4 weeks After selecting a topic, we will research its historical evolution, its existing or speculative morphologies, typologies, and practices. You will identify what we take for granted as conventions: where it comes from, and what options to explore, or preconceptions to refigure. If something about the way one lives in Paris is very different from the US, can we can deduce there’s a cultural reason for it, what is it? (Your research can begin by documenting your own apartment in Paris.)
Example starting points: evolution of hygiene the evolution of a particular space (boudoir, bedroom, living room, etc.) changing terms for individual versus collective space changes in servant class and hierarchy changes the relation of workplace to home (bure to bureau) concepts of “existenzminimum” in modern city planning, etc. history of housing typologies evolution and impact of infrastructure systems economics of construction and material availability synthetic (industrial) versus extracted (natural) materials history of furniture, storage, and rooms evolution of mechanization in living and the history of appliances the history of “vacation” ideas about the size of collective housing, how many people and why? or propose a 1-page summary of a topic that propels you... Divergent Possibilities: Block + Unit / Block x Unit, 2 weeks Design Development, 7 weeks
Research Presentation: Students will complete all drawings, models, and other media needed to effectively communicate to a jury: the research question, the process of investigation and refinement, the methods of assessment. Proposal Presentation: Students will complete all drawings, models, and other media needed to effectively communicate a design proposal.
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Document / Publish, 1 week Expected Final Deliverables
Published book: students will clarify and edit research/ proposals for public dissemination.
Textbooks/Learning Resources: Each semester texts are selected to support the specific aims of the project, especially to enrich the students understanding of the specific building typology, programmatic contingencies, and the metropolitan region. Often the studio introduces building precedent investigations as a basis for understanding, or as the first step in speculative activity. The Paris Program studio is complemented by parallel courses in history, technique and urbanism.
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Allen, Stan, From Object to Field, Practice: Architecture, Technique + Representation, Routeledge, 2009, pp.217-244. Allen, Stan, Notations and Diagrams: Mapping the Unmappable, Practice: Architecture, Techique + Representation, Routeledge, 2009, pp.40-69. Evans, Robin, The Developed Surface: An Enquiry into the Brief Life of an Eighteenth Century Drawing Technique, 1989. Evans, Robin, The Rights of Retreat and the Rites of Exclusion: Notes Towards the Definition of Wall, 1971. Evans, Robin, Translations from Drawing to Building, 1986. Rowe Colin and Koetter, Fred, Collage City, Crisis of the Object: The Predicament of Textue, pp 50-85. Rowe, Colin, The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa, MIT, 1976, pp. 1-29. Quetglas, Josep, Villa Savoye â&#x20AC;&#x153;Les Heures Claires,â&#x20AC;? Madrid, 2004.
Sequence of Collective Realms in Daily life
AA_Yunhak Sim
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In between Private unit, Residential community, and Public realm Flaneur, as an urban explorer, is to stroll on a boulevard being fascinated by communal life which can provide various experiences in daily life. To be specific, the most important requirements for the development of communal space along a street are the functional and spatial preference for pedestrians over cars, a tight network of social interfaces, an environment shaped for humansâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs, and engage with others, and a subtle balance between predictability and surprise, so that different sorts of activities can develop and coexist in the streetscape. However, the new paradigm of Modern architecture from the group, CIAM leaded to diminish communal space and to limit possibility to happen innumerable activities in city by presenting the standardization of urban conditions. As a result of that, the distance between dwellings, and dwellings and the urban public realm increased exponentially. Then, Flaneur may no longer enjoy atmosphere of street as they have felt before. These days, architecture should more mediate between the contemporary city and the public realm as the stage for everyday life. This project is to diminish the distance between dwellings and urban public realms and to design housing block as social arena.
Each layers in between those realms plays a role as an interface which can control the range of their openings. For example, the layer as elevation located between civic and housing units will be operated by inhabitants actually designing their façade. By controlling those layersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; opening, residents can finally design their narrative of life and they can also make an active relationship with the public.
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Sequence of units (personal realm), residential community, and civic (public) realm will produce different sorts of communal activities by communicating or responding together and also allow people to design their own stories on housing units.
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;The day to day happens on the street: an abundance of private everyday events converges in the public realmsâ&#x20AC;?
Converging into the society Individual Units Residential Community
Society
Street as a social arena
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Streets were once communal spaces: Communal spaces are an important component of our society, as both meeting points and interfaces of social contact. To the extent that a street is divided into individual areas, its function as a communal space is enhanced: without common land no social system can survive.â&#x20AC;? - P. 337, URBAN CODE 100 Lessons for Understanding the City, the MIT Press.
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Housing Block
M op
Bus St
Stair
Rue
BABY_
MOM_
I was SLEEPING on my tiny bed with a cozy blank. When I wake up on the morning, I saw the mobile hang above and my mom was cooking for my family. That sounds of cooking and the smells of foods are great.After having our family breakfirst, my mom brought me to the Park through the narrow and quiet stair. The Park is near my home and I was still sleeping on momâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s back.
I woke up early today because my baby son was crying loudly. After I make him calm down, I started to cook family breakfirst with a couple of baked croissant and egg toasts. My husband and my another son, a high school student, ate them. My husband tied blue color one which was his birthday present and my teenage son was just in the school uniform. After they went to out of home, I started to clean dishes and bath room. I usually did it everyday. Then, I went the park near my home with my baby and a cup of coffee via the passge and Rue. Even it was morning, there were lots of people walking, lying, reading, and chatting. I thought it is happy to have this peaceful area near my home. Also, I saw the bike station and I will take it later..
Daily story
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Passage
M M
Boulevard
Highway
DAD_
TEENAGE SON_
I took the public bike to get this station. It was usually faster than driving car. After this Vacant Season, Metro was so crowded today and people were moving so fast and also, there were lots of travelers in this station because it is the most famous museum, Musee de Louvre, all over the world. So, all the sounds from Metro, people were echoing in this underground infrastructure. Sometime, it was so loud. Inside of Metro train, I was really uncomfortable but, I still need to go further to my working space. The way back to home was not often like this crowdness.
I was not SLEEPING well due to my brother. I was really tired today. The way to my school was not far away from my home and sometime I took the bike or took the bus. I got the school via the avenue which has inbetween green space with rectangle shape trees. I really like this moment and sometime, I was just sitting there and refresh my mine. These day, I was considering my future.I still did not dicide yet but, I will be on a right way.
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Avenue
Unit Scale
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Stair Corridor Passage
Research Phase
Type
Role
Metaphor
Stair Definition A set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another, typically inside the building. It provides a continuous vertical circulation. On stair, people cannot see each other’s private space and then stair is considered as a neutral space and ramains an anonymous. It means stair can be called ‘embryos of communal life’.
Elevator
EMBRYOS OF COMMUNAL LIFE
Corridor Definition A narrow hallway, or gallery often with rooms or apartment opening onto it. The corridor was not an exclusive means of access, but was installed parallel to interconnection rooms. The corridor predominated to the extent of becoming a necessary route through a large part of the house.
Spines
“The relationship of rooms to each other being the relationship of ther doors, the sole purpose of the corridor is to bring these doors into a proper system of communication”
Passage Definition
In Paris Generally, the term, passage, is used as a path between buildings or inside building by providing various retail space.
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The act or process of moving through, under, over, or past something on the way from one place to another. Once inside it is necessary to pass from one room to the next, then to the next, the traverse the building, where passages are used, as inevitably they are, they nealy always connect just one space to another.
Brightness
Daylight is from window. Since it located on inside building, usually not bright space without electric light.
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Daylight is from window located each side of building. Since it located on middle of housing plan, usually brighter than stair.
Daylight depends on surrounding conditions. Surround building makes shade and space is getting darker. However, sometime, skylight window will achieve brightness in passage.
Speed
People
Surface
Wood
Carpet
Stone
Concrete
Wood
Carpet
Stone
Concrete
People
People
Stone
Bike
Asphalt pavemnet
Surrounding
Typology
WALL DOOR WINDOW ELECTRIC LIGHT
WALL DOOR ROOM WINDOW ELECTRIC LIGHT
PEDESTRIAN PATH BIKE RACK WINDOW SKYLIGHT ELECTRIC LIGHT
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WALL GRAFFITI DOOR ROOM RETAIL ENTRANCE SIGN BUILDING
Scale & Scope
Stair
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Corridor
Indoor passage
Outdoor passage
Urban Scale
Rue Avenue
Research Phase
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Boulevard Highway
Type
Role
Metaphor
Rue Definition A public road in a city or town, typically with buildings on one or both sides. It connects everywhere in urban city and provides the way to get housing, restaurant and so on. In Paris In daily life, Rue were once communal spaces: Communal spaces are an important component of our society, as both meeting points and interfaces of social contact. Since it is connected between housing and urban area, various communal activities happen on Rue.
Diffuser
Avenue Definition A broad road in a town or city typically having trees at regular intervals along its sides. A tree-lined road or path, especially one that leads to a contry house and building. In Paris
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Avenue is usually used for connecting a place to another. Generally, there are lots of commercial places along avenue and the end of avenue has famous scultures or historical place. It is wider than Rue and also has more infrastructure such as car parking, bike lane, green space. Furthermore, avenue is planned for transporting to suburb area and then it is planned between urban area and suburb area.
Point connector
Speed
Surface
People
Daylight depends on surrounding conditions. Surround building makes shade and space is getting darker but, usually Rue has enough daylight.
Bike
Patterns
Car Stone pavement
Bus
Asphalt pavement
People
Bike
Patterns
Car Stone pavement
Bus
Asphalt pavement
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Because of the largeness of avenue, it has enough daylight and trees and retaurant outdoor undercoverd area provides shaded spaces.
Surrounding WALL VENDOR ENTRANCE SIGN STREET SIGN TRASH RETAIL BUILDING PLACE PEDESTRIAN PATH BIKE RACK CAR PARKING LOT BUS STOP METRO STATION WINDOW DISPLAY WINDOW ELECTRIC LIGHT
WALL VENDOR ENTRANCE SIGN STREET SIGN TRASH BENCH TREES RETAIL BUILDING PLACE
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PEDESTRIAN PATH BIKE LANE, RACK CAR PARKING LOT BUS LANE, STOP METRO STATION WINDOW DISPLAY WINDOW ELECTRIC LIGHT
Typology
pedestrian
pedestrian + retail
pedestrian + car + parking
pedestrian + car + bus
pedestrian + car + bike
pedestrian + bus + car + metro
pedestrian + car + parking + green
pedestrian + car + bike + green
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Scale & Scope
Type
Role
Metaphor
Boulevard Definition A wide street in a town or city, typically on lined with trees. Boulevard provides people with a green space like an linear park in the middle of it. In Paris Generally, boulevard system has been planned for circulating Paris. It is usually following the privious fortification line. It provides faster way to get the destination. Moreover, boulevard transverses the city of Paris making the main axis called cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s backbone.
Circulator
Highway Definition A main road especially connects towns or city. It is transportation-based way and provides the fastest speed to move the destination. In Paris
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Highway syetem has been planned following the city boundary to connect to the other cities. Since highway requires its own infrasture to achieve high speed and also it needs seperated connection, junction, between other street system.
Network
Speed
Surface
People
Bike Because of the largeness of boulevard, it has enough daylight.
Patterns
Car Grass
Bus
Asphalt pavement
Car
Bus Asphalt pavement
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Because of the largeness of highway and elevated structure, it has enough daylight without any obstacles.
Surrounding WALL VENDOR ENTRANCE SIGN STREET SIGN TRASH BENCH TREES INBETWEEN PARK RETAIL BUILDING BIKE LANE, RACK CAR PARKING LOT BUS LANE, STOP METRO LANE, STATION WINDOW DISPLAY WINDOW ELECTRIC LIGHT
DESTINATION SIGN TRASH TREES BUILDING LOTS OF VEHICLES
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ELECTRIC LIGHT
Typology
pedestrian + car + inbetween green
pedestrian + car + bus + inbetween bike
pedestrian + bike + car + bus + inbetween parking
pedestrian + bike + car + bus + inbetween metro lane
pedestrian + bike + car + bus + highway above
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Scale & Scope
Language of Street
Dislocation
Super-imposition
Juxtaposition
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Exchange
Composition
Responding Contexts
Site Analysis
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Activity Textile and Surfaces
Responding Four Different Contexts
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01_ Park
02_ Bercy Village
04_Education
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03_ Housing
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ACTIVITY TEXTILE
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SURFACE AS A SPATIAL DEVICE 1
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1_ HOUSING UNITS, TYPE A 2_ EDUCATION 3_ HOUSING UNITS, TYPE B 4_ BERCY VILLAGE 5_ CINEMA
1
1
1
2
3
4
LEGEND ASPHALT
TREE
STONE
WATER
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5
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How do housing blocks condition communal activities in the urban realm?
Sequence of collective realms within daily life
Current Configuration Social_Civic realms Residential Community
Housing Units
In between Private unit, Residential community, and Civic realm
Housing Option 1
Residential Community Housing Units
Sequence of units (personal realm), residential community, and civic (public) realm will produce different sorts of communal activities by communicating or responding together and also allow people to design their own stories on housing units.
C
Social_Civic realms
Housing Option 2
R
Social_Civic realms
R
Housing Units
C
C
Residential Community
C
C
M
C
R
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Residential Community
R
Social_Civic realms
R
R
Housing Units
Housing Units
C
Residential Community
C
Social_Civic realms
Housing Option 3
Responding to the site C: Civic realms R: Residential community P: Private space
C
C
R R
R R
C
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C
At the start of the twentieth century, when cars took over the roads, compensatory spaces were developed for relaxation and public life, while streets were reduced to little more than functional access conduits.
Adjustable Unit W: Working Space SP: Semi-Public P: Private space
Privacy Control P
R
SP
R
SP
R
C
P
C
W
P
R
SP
SP
W
P
W
C
P
C
W
R
W
C
W R
P
P
C P
P
R
P
C
Today, the street’s function as a communal space has greatly diminished. “There are very few spots along the streets of modern towns and neighborhoods where people can hang out, comfortably, for hours at a time.” P.349 URBAN CODE 100 Lessons for Understanding the City, the MIT Press.
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C
W
P
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Representation of Building
Process Models
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Housing Block to Unit
Symmetrical shape Block 1
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Symmetrical shape Block 2
Symmetrical shape Block 3
Diagonal shape Block 1
Diagonal shape Block 3
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Diagonal shape Block 2
Symmetrical shape Block Development 01
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Blockâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Main stair
Main corridor 01
Main corridor 02
Stair for residents
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Indoor circulation
Symmetrical shape Block Development 02
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Alternations of Configurations
Elevation study as Interface
Elevation study as Interface
Layers as Interface
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Elevation study as Interface
Unit design study started from stair 01
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Unit design study started from stair 02
Unit design study started from stair 03
Cluster of units with continuous circulation 01
Inside lighting quality
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Level difference
Cluster of units with continuous circulation 02
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Transversing circulation
Sectional continuity
Cluster of units with continuous circulation 03
Inside lighting quality
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Level difference
Public realms of Housing Unit
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Gathering of Public realms of Housing Unit
Indoor Privacy
Spatial quality 01
Residential community
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Spatial quality 02
Privacy control study 01
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Privacy control study 02
Privacy control study 03
Unit design development
Materiality of privacy control layer
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Seperation between working space and private space
Unit Type A
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Unit Type B
A + B, Combined units
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!
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Sequence of Collective Realms in Daily life
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Collective realms in Housing
Residential Community
Private Space
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Civic Realms
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The layers as interfaces to communicate
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Elevation changes of Civic realms
Opening to Residential community
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UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP UP UP
DN UP
UP
DN
UP
UP
UP
DN
UP
DN
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DN
N
DN
DN
A DN
DN
Plan
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DN
DN
B
DN UP UP UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
DN
UP
UP
DN
A’
B’
SCHACHMAN HOUSE 상어남
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HOUSE WARMING PARTY !
WE INVITE YOU !
Elevation facing with the park
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BON JOUR!
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Elevation facing with the park
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WELCOME TO BERCY
Elevation facing with Bercy Village
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SIM ARCHITECT
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Public stair in housing block
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CIVIC-REALM
PRIVATE HOUSING
RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY
PRIVATE HOUSING
RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY
CIVIC-REALM
A-A’ Section
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CIVIC-REALM
CIVIC-REALM (PARK)
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PRIVATE HOUSING
R
COLLECTIVE PRIVATE REAML
CIVIC-REALM
OPEN-EXHIBITION
SEMI-OPEN WORKING
SEMI-OPEN EXHIBITION
B-B’ Section
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RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY
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View from the park to Bercy village
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View from Bercy village to Public stair
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Blow Your Mind?â&#x20AC;?
Andrew Schachman, His favorite sentence during lectures.