Morgan Library_typological changes

Page 1

Morgan Library and Museum Palimpsest as Typology Columbia University GSAPP 2014 Summer


Columbia University GSAPP 2014 Summer Professor Hilary Sample SeungBum Ma Jihyun Park Yunhak Sim Elle Youngsun Kim Joung taek Yi

2

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Table of Content 01. Thesis

p.05

02. Transformation____

p.09

03. Bartholomew Voorsanger

p.83

04. Appendix

p.101

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

3


4

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


01. Thesis

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

5


Overlayed Plans, Charles McKim (1906), Bartholomew Voorsanger (1991), Renzo Piano (2003)

6

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Morgan’s Palimpsest The Morgan Library & Museum is a vision. The most influential financier in the nation’s history transformed his private collection into a repository platform to preserve, build, assemble, study, present and construe the collection of extraordinary. As the library abated and aggrandized, physical modification and alteration were applied partially or entirely to the complex. The Morgan developed notably during the closing decades of the twentieth century thus the add-on project Voorsanger applied in early 1990s had become obsolete. As a result the institution decided to commission Renzo Piano, an architect who had a comparable approach to Voorsanger. Voorsanger’s undistinguished glass atrium enacted as a connection between the buildings ergo the intervention was rather subtle. Renzo Piano’s expansion altered most of the existing structures while leaving the three most important buildings of the institution. Hence, was Voorsanger a bricoleur? Was Renzo Piano was an engineer from the perspective of Levi-Strauss? Was Voorsanger a fox and was Renzo Piano a hedgehog?

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

7


8

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


02. Transformation

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

9


Chronicle 1853 Three brownstone houses erected on the eastern side of Madison Avenue between 36th and 37th Streets 1881 Pierpont Morgan purchases the brown stone owned by the Phelps family on the corner of 36th Street and Madison for his residence 1888 Addition of fourth floor and renovation to the house at Madison and 37th Street.: Architect- R. H. Robertson 1903 : Pierpont Morgan purchases the middle brownstone from the Dodge family. The building was razed and new garden was designed. : Architect- Beatrix Farrand 1904 : Pierpont Morgan purchases the house owned by the Stokes family on the corner of 37th Street and Madison Avenue for his son, J. P. Morgan, Jr. 1906 : Pierpont Morgan opens his private library next to his residence on 36th Street. : Architect- McKim, Mead & White; Charles MckKim, partner in charge 1913 - Pierpont Morgan died in Rome and J. P. Morgan, Jr. received the bulk of his estate. 1924 - J. P. Morgan, Jr. establishes the Pierpont Morgan Library with an indenture of trust 1928 The Pierpont Morgan Library opens the Annex (with connecting link, called the Cloister, to the Library) on the site of Pierpont Morgan’s former house, on 36th Street and Madison Avenue. : Architect- Benjamin Wistar Morris

10

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1943- J. P. Morgan, Jr. died 1944: United Lutheran Church in America purchases the J. P. Morgan, Jr. house (brownstone) to serve as its headquarters 1957 – The Church constructed a five-story office adjacent to the mansion 1962 : Meeting Room added above and exhibition gallery behind the Cloister and Annex : Architect- Alexander Perry Morgan (the son of Pierpont Morgan’s nephew) : Ceiling of Annex entrance * 1966 - New York City Landmarks Preservation commission listed the original library and 1928 Annex. 1977 Vault and offices added to rear of Annex : Architect- Platt Wyckoff Coles 1988: The Morgan Library purchases the former the J. P. Morgan, Jr., house from the Lutheran Church. : During its forty-four year occupancy, the Lutheran Church carefully maintained the mansion’s exterior structure, as well as the interior walls and adornments. The house, a rare freestanding brownstone in Manhattan, is a New York City Landmark. 1991 : Renovated Morgan house, Garden Court, and additional spaces open : Architect- Voorsanger & Associates 1996 : Drawing Study Center opens on the renovated second floor of the Annex. : Architect- Beyer Blinder Belle 1999 : Thaw Conservation Center opens on the rehabilitated fourth floor of the Morgan House : ArchitectSamuel Anderson 2003-06 : Comprehensive expansion and renovation project undertaken. Connecting link from Annex, later vault and office addition, and Morgan House annex built by Lutheran Church removed. : Architect; Renzo Piano Building Workshop

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

11


12

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1811 Manhattan Grid The rigid right-angled grid that defines most of Manhattan was officially adopted in 1811. But its hallmark regularity of design began appearing in new blocks laid out in the 1740s. that was the task New York City’s Common Council (the City Council of its time) gave to statesman Gouverneur Morris, surveyor John Rutherfurd, and New York State Surveyor General Simeon De Witt in the spring of 1807. A visual depiction of the Commissioners’ plan can be seen in William Bridges’ map. This map of the city of New York and island of Manhattan(1811). Bridges’ map and the Commissioners’ remarks describing the proposed plan is an example of great design in which a simple concept—the grid—would influence and inform all of the principles of the plan’s design.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

13


14

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1853 Three brownstone houses erected on the eastern side of Madison Avenue between 36th and 37th Streets for the Phelps family.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

15


16

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

17


18

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


(1852-54) [ south of 42nd St. ] Perris, W., Maps of the city of New York

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

19


20

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1881 Pierpont Morgan purchases the brown stone owned by the Phelps family on the corner of 36th Street and Madison for his residence

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

21


22

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

23


24

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1888 Addition of fourth floor and renovation to the house at Madison and 37th Street. Architect- R. H. Robertson

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

25


26

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


(1890) [ Gramercy, Midtown East, Murray Hill ] Sanborn Map Company, Atlas 42.54. Vol. 4

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

27


28

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1903 Pierpont Morgan purchases the middle brownstone from the Dodge family. The building was razed and new garden was designed. Architect- Beatrix Farrand

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

29


30

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

31


32

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1904 Pierpont Morgan purchases the house owned by the Stokes family on the corner of 37th Street and Madison Avenue for his son, J. P. Morgan, Jr. The building with forty-five rooms, including twelve bathrooms. The house was one of the most impressive residences of its day.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

33


34

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

35


36

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


(1910) [ Kips Bay, Midtown East, Murray Hill ] Sanborn Map Company, Atlas 114. Vol. 4

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

37


38

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1906 Pierpont Morgan opens his private library next to his residence on 36th Street. Italian Renaissance style- classical and restrained on the outside, but elegant and ornate inside Morgan wanted an office for himself and one for his librarian as well as reading room for scholars. (He wanted library primarily as a place for books and manuscripts, not as a gallery for paintings and decorative works.) Architect- McKim, Mead & White; Charles MckKim, partner in charge

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

39


40

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

41


42

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


(1911) [ Manhattan ] Bromley, G.W., Atlas of the city of New York

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

43


44

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


(1920-22) [ 14th St. - 110th St. ] Bromley, G.W., Atlas of the city of New York

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

45


E

th

37

St

Pa

rk

E

Ma

dis

46

on

Av

e

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

Av

e

th

36

St


1928 The Pierpont Morgan Library opens the Annex (with connecting link, called the Cloister, to the Library) on the site of Pierpont Morgan’s former house, on 36th Street and Madison Avenue. Architect- Benjamin Wistar Morris

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

47


48

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


“Desiring to give the library more room, both for exhibitions and for the work of students, I wish to build on the site of my father’s old house, at 219 Madison Avenue, a building which shall communicate with the present library building.” J. P. Morgan, Jr.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

49


50

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

51


52

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1944 United Lutheran Church in America purchases the J. P. Morgan, Jr. house (brownstone) to serve as its headquarters

1957 The Church constructed a five-story office adjacent to the mansion

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

53


1924

J. P. Morgan, Jr. establishes the Pier indenture of trust

54

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


4a

rpont Morgan Library with an

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

55


56

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1962 Meeting Room added above and exhibition gallery behind the Cloister and Annex Architect- Alexander Perry Morgan (the son of Pierpont Morgan’s nephew)

1966 New York City Landmarks Preservation commission listed the original library and 1928 Annex.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

57


58

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

59


60

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

61


62

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1977 Vault and offices added to rear of Annex Architect- Platt Wyckoff Coles

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

63


64

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

65


66

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1988 The Morgan Library purchases the former the J. P. Morgan, Jr., house from the Lutheran Church. During its forty-four year occupancy, the Lutheran Church carefully maintained the mansion’s exterior structure, as well as the interior walls and adornments. The house, a rare freestanding brownstone in Manhattan, is a New York City Landmark.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

67


68

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1991 Renovated Morgan house, Garden Court, and additional spaces open Architect- Voorsanger & Associates Voorsanger planned a glass and steel garden court to link the southern part of the complex with the Morgan house. The rooms of the house were renovated for use as offices, program rooms, and a new shop, and a cafĂŠ was opened in the court.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

69


70

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

71


72

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1996 Drawing Study Center opens on the renovated second floor of the Annex. Architect- Beyer Blinder Belle

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

73


74

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


1999 Thaw Conservation Center opens on the rehabilitated fourth floor of the Morgan House Architect- Samuel Anderson

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

75


76

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


2003-06 Comprehensive expansion and renovation project undertaken. Connecting link from Annex, later vault and office addition, and Morgan House annex built by Lutheran Church removed

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

77


Transformation

78

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

79


80

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

81


82

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


03. Comparison

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

83


Plan_Voosanger

84

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Plan_Renzo Piano

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

85


Axon_Voosanger

86

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Axon_Renzo Piano

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

87


Section_Voosanger

88

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Section_Renzo Piano

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

89


Front View_Voosanger

90

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Front View_Renzo Paino

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

91


Interior_Voosanger

92

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Interior_Renzo Paino

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

93


Interior_Voosanger

94

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Interior_Renzo Paino

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

95


Materiality_Voosanger

96

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Materiality_Renzo Paino

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

97


Detail_Voosanger

98

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


a M m ng bu eu by S g Dra w in

Detail_Renzo Paino

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

99


100

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


04. Appendix

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

101


102

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

103


104

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library


Site Aerial 2014 GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

105


39

Av e

nu

e

th

38

st

th

36

th

35

th

34

th

33

th

32

th

st

st

st

st

st

st

Ma

37

dis

on Av e

nu

e

5th

th

st


3rd e

nu

Av e

e

nu

nA ve

xin gto

Le

Pa rk e

nu

Av e


Residence district

108

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Commercial district

Morgan Library


Building Zoning Code R7: General residence district Maximum FAR: 0.87 to 3.44 Minimum OSR: 15.5 to 22.0 Minimum lot area per room: 84 to 77 square feet Maximum rooms per acre: 519 to 565 Required parking: R7-1: One per dwelling unit or 60% of dwelling units if grouped R7-2: 50% of dwelling units Quality Housing Program: Optional In 1986, zoning code was changed to R8B R8B: General residence district Maximum FAR: 4.0* Maximum lot coverage: Corner lot 80% Interior or through-lot 70% Maximum street wall height 60 feet Minimum lot area per DU: 169 square feet Maximum DUs per acre: 258 Required parking: 50% of dwelling units** Quality Housing Program: Mandatory

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

109


Residence district

110

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Commercial district

Morgan Library


Surrounding Zoning Code C5 : central commercial district Maximum FAR: 4.0 to 15.0 Maximum residential FAR:10.0 Department stores, large office buildings, and mixed buildings with residential space above office or commercial floors, are typical C5 uses. Use Groups 5 (hotels), 6, 9 and 10 (retail shops and business services) and 11 (custom manufacturing) are permitted in C5 districts. Home maintenance services, auto rental establishments and other uses not in character with the district, including illuminated signs, are not permitted. In the two contextual C5 districts—C5-1A and C5-2A— residential bulk and density are governed by R10A regulations. In non-contextual C5-2 through C5-5 districts, a building occupied by commercial, residential and/or community facility uses may be configured as a tower. A residential tower is also allowed in C5-1 districts.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

111


Residence district Institutional district

112

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Commercial district

Morgan Library


Current Program The largest expansion in the Morgan’s history, adding 75,000 square feet to the campus, was completed in 2006. Designed by Pritzker Prize–winning architect Renzo Piano, the project increases exhibition space by more than fifty percent and adds important visitor amenities, including a new performance hall, a welcoming entrance on Madison Avenue, a new café and a new restaurant, a shop, a new reading room, and collections storage. Piano’s design integrates the Morgan’s three historical buildings with three new modestly scaled steel-and-glass pavilions. A soaring central court connects the buildings and serves as a gathering place for visitors in the spirit of an Italian piazza.

GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology

Morgan Library

113


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.