Morgan Library and Museum Palimpsest as Typology Columbia University GSAPP 2014 Summer
Columbia University GSAPP 2014 Summer Professor Hilary Sample SeungBum Ma Jihyun Park Yunhak Sim Elle Youngsun Kim Joung taek Yi
2
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Table of Content 01. Thesis
p.05
02. Transformation____
p.09
03. Bartholomew Voorsanger
p.83
04. Appendix
p.101
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
3
4
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
01. Thesis
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
5
Overlayed Plans, Charles McKim (1906), Bartholomew Voorsanger (1991), Renzo Piano (2003)
6
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Morgan’s Palimpsest The Morgan Library & Museum is a vision. The most influential financier in the nation’s history transformed his private collection into a repository platform to preserve, build, assemble, study, present and construe the collection of extraordinary. As the library abated and aggrandized, physical modification and alteration were applied partially or entirely to the complex. The Morgan developed notably during the closing decades of the twentieth century thus the add-on project Voorsanger applied in early 1990s had become obsolete. As a result the institution decided to commission Renzo Piano, an architect who had a comparable approach to Voorsanger. Voorsanger’s undistinguished glass atrium enacted as a connection between the buildings ergo the intervention was rather subtle. Renzo Piano’s expansion altered most of the existing structures while leaving the three most important buildings of the institution. Hence, was Voorsanger a bricoleur? Was Renzo Piano was an engineer from the perspective of Levi-Strauss? Was Voorsanger a fox and was Renzo Piano a hedgehog?
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
7
8
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
02. Transformation
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
9
Chronicle 1853 Three brownstone houses erected on the eastern side of Madison Avenue between 36th and 37th Streets 1881 Pierpont Morgan purchases the brown stone owned by the Phelps family on the corner of 36th Street and Madison for his residence 1888 Addition of fourth floor and renovation to the house at Madison and 37th Street.: Architect- R. H. Robertson 1903 : Pierpont Morgan purchases the middle brownstone from the Dodge family. The building was razed and new garden was designed. : Architect- Beatrix Farrand 1904 : Pierpont Morgan purchases the house owned by the Stokes family on the corner of 37th Street and Madison Avenue for his son, J. P. Morgan, Jr. 1906 : Pierpont Morgan opens his private library next to his residence on 36th Street. : Architect- McKim, Mead & White; Charles MckKim, partner in charge 1913 - Pierpont Morgan died in Rome and J. P. Morgan, Jr. received the bulk of his estate. 1924 - J. P. Morgan, Jr. establishes the Pierpont Morgan Library with an indenture of trust 1928 The Pierpont Morgan Library opens the Annex (with connecting link, called the Cloister, to the Library) on the site of Pierpont Morgan’s former house, on 36th Street and Madison Avenue. : Architect- Benjamin Wistar Morris
10
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1943- J. P. Morgan, Jr. died 1944: United Lutheran Church in America purchases the J. P. Morgan, Jr. house (brownstone) to serve as its headquarters 1957 – The Church constructed a five-story office adjacent to the mansion 1962 : Meeting Room added above and exhibition gallery behind the Cloister and Annex : Architect- Alexander Perry Morgan (the son of Pierpont Morgan’s nephew) : Ceiling of Annex entrance * 1966 - New York City Landmarks Preservation commission listed the original library and 1928 Annex. 1977 Vault and offices added to rear of Annex : Architect- Platt Wyckoff Coles 1988: The Morgan Library purchases the former the J. P. Morgan, Jr., house from the Lutheran Church. : During its forty-four year occupancy, the Lutheran Church carefully maintained the mansion’s exterior structure, as well as the interior walls and adornments. The house, a rare freestanding brownstone in Manhattan, is a New York City Landmark. 1991 : Renovated Morgan house, Garden Court, and additional spaces open : Architect- Voorsanger & Associates 1996 : Drawing Study Center opens on the renovated second floor of the Annex. : Architect- Beyer Blinder Belle 1999 : Thaw Conservation Center opens on the rehabilitated fourth floor of the Morgan House : ArchitectSamuel Anderson 2003-06 : Comprehensive expansion and renovation project undertaken. Connecting link from Annex, later vault and office addition, and Morgan House annex built by Lutheran Church removed. : Architect; Renzo Piano Building Workshop
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
11
12
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1811 Manhattan Grid The rigid right-angled grid that defines most of Manhattan was officially adopted in 1811. But its hallmark regularity of design began appearing in new blocks laid out in the 1740s. that was the task New York City’s Common Council (the City Council of its time) gave to statesman Gouverneur Morris, surveyor John Rutherfurd, and New York State Surveyor General Simeon De Witt in the spring of 1807. A visual depiction of the Commissioners’ plan can be seen in William Bridges’ map. This map of the city of New York and island of Manhattan(1811). Bridges’ map and the Commissioners’ remarks describing the proposed plan is an example of great design in which a simple concept—the grid—would influence and inform all of the principles of the plan’s design.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
13
14
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1853 Three brownstone houses erected on the eastern side of Madison Avenue between 36th and 37th Streets for the Phelps family.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
15
16
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
17
18
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
(1852-54) [ south of 42nd St. ] Perris, W., Maps of the city of New York
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
19
20
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1881 Pierpont Morgan purchases the brown stone owned by the Phelps family on the corner of 36th Street and Madison for his residence
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
21
22
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
23
24
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1888 Addition of fourth floor and renovation to the house at Madison and 37th Street. Architect- R. H. Robertson
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
25
26
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
(1890) [ Gramercy, Midtown East, Murray Hill ] Sanborn Map Company, Atlas 42.54. Vol. 4
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
27
28
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1903 Pierpont Morgan purchases the middle brownstone from the Dodge family. The building was razed and new garden was designed. Architect- Beatrix Farrand
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
29
30
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
31
32
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1904 Pierpont Morgan purchases the house owned by the Stokes family on the corner of 37th Street and Madison Avenue for his son, J. P. Morgan, Jr. The building with forty-five rooms, including twelve bathrooms. The house was one of the most impressive residences of its day.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
33
34
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
35
36
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
(1910) [ Kips Bay, Midtown East, Murray Hill ] Sanborn Map Company, Atlas 114. Vol. 4
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
37
38
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1906 Pierpont Morgan opens his private library next to his residence on 36th Street. Italian Renaissance style- classical and restrained on the outside, but elegant and ornate inside Morgan wanted an office for himself and one for his librarian as well as reading room for scholars. (He wanted library primarily as a place for books and manuscripts, not as a gallery for paintings and decorative works.) Architect- McKim, Mead & White; Charles MckKim, partner in charge
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
39
40
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
41
42
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
(1911) [ Manhattan ] Bromley, G.W., Atlas of the city of New York
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
43
44
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
(1920-22) [ 14th St. - 110th St. ] Bromley, G.W., Atlas of the city of New York
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
45
E
th
37
St
Pa
rk
E
Ma
dis
46
on
Av
e
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Av
e
th
36
St
1928 The Pierpont Morgan Library opens the Annex (with connecting link, called the Cloister, to the Library) on the site of Pierpont Morgan’s former house, on 36th Street and Madison Avenue. Architect- Benjamin Wistar Morris
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
47
48
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
“Desiring to give the library more room, both for exhibitions and for the work of students, I wish to build on the site of my father’s old house, at 219 Madison Avenue, a building which shall communicate with the present library building.” J. P. Morgan, Jr.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
49
50
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
51
52
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1944 United Lutheran Church in America purchases the J. P. Morgan, Jr. house (brownstone) to serve as its headquarters
1957 The Church constructed a five-story office adjacent to the mansion
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
53
1924
J. P. Morgan, Jr. establishes the Pier indenture of trust
54
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
4a
rpont Morgan Library with an
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
55
56
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1962 Meeting Room added above and exhibition gallery behind the Cloister and Annex Architect- Alexander Perry Morgan (the son of Pierpont Morgan’s nephew)
1966 New York City Landmarks Preservation commission listed the original library and 1928 Annex.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
57
58
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
59
60
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
61
62
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1977 Vault and offices added to rear of Annex Architect- Platt Wyckoff Coles
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
63
64
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
65
66
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1988 The Morgan Library purchases the former the J. P. Morgan, Jr., house from the Lutheran Church. During its forty-four year occupancy, the Lutheran Church carefully maintained the mansion’s exterior structure, as well as the interior walls and adornments. The house, a rare freestanding brownstone in Manhattan, is a New York City Landmark.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
67
68
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1991 Renovated Morgan house, Garden Court, and additional spaces open Architect- Voorsanger & Associates Voorsanger planned a glass and steel garden court to link the southern part of the complex with the Morgan house. The rooms of the house were renovated for use as offices, program rooms, and a new shop, and a cafĂŠ was opened in the court.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
69
70
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
71
72
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1996 Drawing Study Center opens on the renovated second floor of the Annex. Architect- Beyer Blinder Belle
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
73
74
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
1999 Thaw Conservation Center opens on the rehabilitated fourth floor of the Morgan House Architect- Samuel Anderson
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
75
76
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
2003-06 Comprehensive expansion and renovation project undertaken. Connecting link from Annex, later vault and office addition, and Morgan House annex built by Lutheran Church removed
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
77
Transformation
78
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
79
80
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
81
82
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
03. Comparison
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
83
Plan_Voosanger
84
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Plan_Renzo Piano
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
85
Axon_Voosanger
86
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Axon_Renzo Piano
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
87
Section_Voosanger
88
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Section_Renzo Piano
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
89
Front View_Voosanger
90
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Front View_Renzo Paino
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
91
Interior_Voosanger
92
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Interior_Renzo Paino
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
93
Interior_Voosanger
94
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Interior_Renzo Paino
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
95
Materiality_Voosanger
96
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Materiality_Renzo Paino
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
97
Detail_Voosanger
98
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
a M m ng bu eu by S g Dra w in
Detail_Renzo Paino
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
99
100
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
04. Appendix
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
101
102
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
103
104
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
Site Aerial 2014 GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
105
39
Av e
nu
e
th
38
st
th
36
th
35
th
34
th
33
th
32
th
st
st
st
st
st
st
Ma
37
dis
on Av e
nu
e
5th
th
st
3rd e
nu
Av e
e
nu
nA ve
xin gto
Le
Pa rk e
nu
Av e
Residence district
108
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Commercial district
Morgan Library
Building Zoning Code R7: General residence district Maximum FAR: 0.87 to 3.44 Minimum OSR: 15.5 to 22.0 Minimum lot area per room: 84 to 77 square feet Maximum rooms per acre: 519 to 565 Required parking: R7-1: One per dwelling unit or 60% of dwelling units if grouped R7-2: 50% of dwelling units Quality Housing Program: Optional In 1986, zoning code was changed to R8B R8B: General residence district Maximum FAR: 4.0* Maximum lot coverage: Corner lot 80% Interior or through-lot 70% Maximum street wall height 60 feet Minimum lot area per DU: 169 square feet Maximum DUs per acre: 258 Required parking: 50% of dwelling units** Quality Housing Program: Mandatory
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
109
Residence district
110
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Commercial district
Morgan Library
Surrounding Zoning Code C5 : central commercial district Maximum FAR: 4.0 to 15.0 Maximum residential FAR:10.0 Department stores, large office buildings, and mixed buildings with residential space above office or commercial floors, are typical C5 uses. Use Groups 5 (hotels), 6, 9 and 10 (retail shops and business services) and 11 (custom manufacturing) are permitted in C5 districts. Home maintenance services, auto rental establishments and other uses not in character with the district, including illuminated signs, are not permitted. In the two contextual C5 districts—C5-1A and C5-2A— residential bulk and density are governed by R10A regulations. In non-contextual C5-2 through C5-5 districts, a building occupied by commercial, residential and/or community facility uses may be configured as a tower. A residential tower is also allowed in C5-1 districts.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
111
Residence district Institutional district
112
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Commercial district
Morgan Library
Current Program The largest expansion in the Morgan’s history, adding 75,000 square feet to the campus, was completed in 2006. Designed by Pritzker Prize–winning architect Renzo Piano, the project increases exhibition space by more than fifty percent and adds important visitor amenities, including a new performance hall, a welcoming entrance on Madison Avenue, a new café and a new restaurant, a shop, a new reading room, and collections storage. Piano’s design integrates the Morgan’s three historical buildings with three new modestly scaled steel-and-glass pavilions. A soaring central court connects the buildings and serves as a gathering place for visitors in the spirit of an Italian piazza.
GSAPP 2014 Summer : Typology
Morgan Library
113