Yushan Song_MA Landscape Architecture

PORTFOLIO Y U S H A N

S O N G

2 0 1 7 -2 0 2 1 yusha nsong0 1@gmai l .c om

LA NDS C A P E AR C H I TE C TU R E

2016.10

yushansong01@gmail.com linkedin.com/in/yushansong-190238a https://issuu.com/yushansong01/docs/yushan_song_ma_landscape_architecture

Spreading Knowledge of Historical Building Conservation ;Activity Planning; Organizing students for model making; Assisting guests with lecture

Instagram: shania_landscape

Competitions & Awards

SONG Yushan

Competitions 2021.06 awards

Education

2021.09-2019.09

The University of Sheffield / Sheffield, UK MA Landscape Architecture

2019.06-2015.09

Shenyang Jianzhu University / Shenyang, China Bachelor of Landscape Architecture / GPA 86.66 (2/63)

Internship Experiences

2018.12-2018.10

SSLANDSCAPE

Honors

/ Assistant Landscape Designer Shenyang, China

Took part in several projects: - Landscape design for Dongfanghong Medicine industrial estate - Landscape design for Building 1 of Langqin industrial estate - Landscape Improvement proposal for Gehua Zhongao International Garden in Dengta City

2019.11

48-hour Coastal Climate Challenge with LDA Design: Retreat, Repel or Regroup Two-day design challenge which explores a landscape architecture response to the climate emergency and how this will impact the City of Hull. Teamwork with different year groups and other departments, including site visit, design strategy and presentation

2018.06-2017.11

Joint Training Program for Undergraduates and Postgraduates of Shenyang Jianzhu University

Researching on the topic of historical protection and revitalization in Kaiyuan Old Town; Participate in the collection of information and data of Kaiyuan Old Town; Site research and propose the revitalization scheme 2017.06

Historical Architecture Investigation and Surveying of Yiwulv Mountain Site Investigation and Surveying; Historical architecture mapping including masterplan, sections and elevations

Extracurricular Activities

The Landscape Institute Design Excellence Award (Postgraduate)

2021.06

The Urban Wilderness Inspirational Planting Prize

2020.02

Successfully selected for the RHS 2020 Chatsworth flower show Long border competition

2017.12

The Golden Prize of GARDEN Cup of Plant Landscape Competition

2016.07

The 1st-Prize of Traditional Chinese Knowledge Competition

2016.06

The 2nd-Prize of Construction and Experience Competition

2019.06

The Award of University-level Excellent Graduation Design The Award of Landscape Architecture Professional Model Student

Scholarship

In charge of assisting and collecting information in project processes, writing reports, as well as coordinating with the senior landscape architect in the detail design stage, including CAD drawings, Sketchup models, and perspective drawings

Professional Experience

Historical Building Conservation Community Activities of Shenyang Jianzhu University

2018.102016.05

The Award of Merit Student /3 Times

2020.01

Global Opportunities Travel Bursary

2018.102016.05

The Award of Excellent Academic Performance / 5 Times The 1st-class Scholarship of Outstanding Student / 3 Times The 2nd-class Scholarship of Outstanding Student / Twice The 3rd-class Scholarship of Outstanding Student

Volunteer 2021.092020.09

Year Academic Representative of Landscape Department

2021.05

Preliminary Preparation for Planting Experiment of PhD Research

Professional Certificate 2017.06

Skills

‘Good’ level of National BIM Skill Proficiency Test Level 1/ China Graphics Society Professional Software

Ps

Id

SU

CAD

Ai

Other Software Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint 2016.10

Professional Knowledge Competition / Organiser, Shenyang Jianzhu University Assisting the Department of Learning of Students’ Union to hold a professional knowledge contest; Participating in event planning and publicity as well as assisting the referee

Language Mandarin (Native), English

Painting Sketch, Watercolour, Mark pen, Colour pencil

LU

V-Ray

Revit

GIS

Main works

01 P01-04

Ecology and Development PG1 2020- Landscape planning, Sheffield, UK

CONTENTS

02 P05-09

PG2 2021- Landscape Ecological design, Stalybridge, UK

03

Let Time to Paint

P10-14

04

Other works

Bee-ing Welcome

PG2 2020- Landscape planning & Ecological restoration, Sheffield, UK

Flexible Water

P15-18

UG3 2018- Campus landscape design Dalian University of Technology, China

05

Nature Pavilion

P19-23

UG2 2017- Urban open space design, Shenyang, China

06

Detailed Construction Works

P24

Planting plan, detailed construction sections

07

Painting Works

P25

Pen sketch, colour pencil ＆ watercolour

[ River Sheaf pathway ]

01

ECOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT School work, Landscape Planning Team Work Sheffield, River Sheaf catchment Academic advisor, Phil Gill 2020.03-2020.05 Description of design This landscape planning is trying to find out the mode of coordinated development of population growth, regional renewal and ecological protection. The three main goals are to create new woodland, add new housing and coordinate land use. The elements of a region are all interrelated. If one element produces a significant effect in a region, especially blue or green infrastructure, it will act as a catalyst to affect the changes of other elements, that’s the key point of the theory of “ecological catalyst”. River Sheaf, the city of Sheffield’s namesake river, crosses the whole planning site and connects the whole context of the site, we intend to use it as an original catalyst and start the planning with water and flooding management. Through the integration and upgrading of the water system and green space system, various types of ecological habitats have been formed.

On the basis of that, green spaces are added to form the ecological network. And the pedestrian and cyclist traffic system as well as the public transportation network are constructed based on the ecological network, and penetrate into different communities, which become the catalyst to activate the internal evolution of communities and land use replacement. By forming a connective blue, green and grey infrastructure, the site will set up a mode of collaborative development of ecology, society and economy.

01

01 Ecology and Development

[ Green, blue infrastructure & biodiversity ]

[ Communication infrastructure & landuse ] To Manchester Airport 70min 80min

High risk building flooding area

Heather Heather is an important feeding and nesting habitat for many species of birds.Need protect and improve.

To Leeds 45min 45min

To Peak District National Park 30min 30min

High risk building flooding area

Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet (18-century heritage)

High risk building flooding area Land cover

Nature Conservation area

Heather land Improved grassland Acid grassland Broadleaf woodland Broadleaf woodland

Acrd grassland The habitat of many small animals and insects. Need protect and improve River

Flooding risk area River branch River Sheaf

[ Green, Blue Infrastructure & Biodiversity ] River actuality

Topograph & Rain flow direction

River Width 0 -3.0m River Width 3.1-15.0m River Width 15.1-30.0m River Width 30.1-40.0m Underground River River Sheaf Flooding Risk (Low- High)

The water level of River Sheaf has been within 1.5m for 90% of the time since records began. The highest water level was 3.27m in June 2007. The north side of the site is a high-density residential area with high flood risk. And the accessibility of part of the river is not high.

High value green space - social

Based on the terrain of the site, the flow direction of rain water is obtained after Grasshopper analysis, and there is a higher flood risk in the areas with dense water flow. Woodland should be planted to control the rate at which rainwater flows into River Sheaf.

Slope

0-5° 5-15° 15-25° 25-65°

Rain Flow Direction Topograph (Low- High)

Most areas of the site are relatively flat, with a slope of more than 25 degrees in some areas and a maximum slope of 64.3 degrees. Areas with slopes of more than 45 degrees are not suitable for new housing and roads.

High value green space - ecology

400-600m to nearby facilities

Morphological spatial pattern analysis (mspa)

Lack of network

Sheffield green belt plan Park Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) Local Nature Reserve Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Historical building near the river

A Road A Primary Road B Road Local Access Road Local Road Minor Road Restricted Local Access Road Restricted Secondary Access Tram and Railway Lane Connection Node

To London 180min 150min

[ Communication Infrastructure ]

[ Land-use & social profiles ]

Road hierarchy

POI Density

Route accessibility & integration Distance to network

A Road A Road Primary B Road Local Access Road Local Road Minor Road Restricted Local Access Road Restricted Secondary Access Road Connection Node

High Low

The traffic network and road classification of the site is clear. The connectivity of northeast is good. The weak road network and poor connectivity in the southwest may cause inconvenience to residents and low accessibility to green land and rivers.

Cycle and footpath map

Lack of network

Red represent high accessibility and integration of roads, potential business points or community centers.

The green&blue represents low accessibilitym area, which is conducive to the protection & maintenance of habitat. Yellow part is likely to be the good choice for most residents.

Bus and tram transport

0-10m 10-20m 20-30m 30-40m 40-50m 50-60m 60-70m 70-80m 80-90m 90-100m

Number of employees

Points of interest Transport network Density: High

35-100 101-140 141-180 181-250 251-350

Density: Low

The road radiates outward from 0 to 100 meters.The closer it is to the main road, the more convenient the transportation is, but the less suitable it is for most people’s living land and ecological protection green land. However, places with weak traffic networks, which are not suitable for living, but suitable for improving broken ecological patches and corridors.

Distance to facilities

Residential Farmland Brownland Bus Stop Parking Area Tram and Railway Station Restaurant Health Establishment Education Sports Complex Site Entrance High Business Value Space

The distribution of points of interests (POI) is closely related to social activities. It can be seen that the distribution density of POI along the Sheaf River in the north of the site is the largest, and there are several secondary activity centers in other parts of the site.

Relation beetween POI &population density

There are many employees gathering in the north of the Sheaf River, which is correlated with the density of POI and the current land-use. Regional subcenters can be strengthened according to areas with high employment rate

Ages over than 65

400-600m

Allotment or Community Growing Space Amenity - Residential or Business Bowling Green Public Park or Garden Cemetery Woodland Park Golf Course Religious Grounds Institutional Grounds School Grounds Other Sport Facility Tennis Court Playing Field

These green Spaces have high public participation and accessibility. Late can be used for the analysis of new housing land reference factors.

Allotments or Community Growing Spaces Amenity - Transport (Street Green Space) Cemetery Woodland Public Park or Garden

This figure summarizes the high-value green space of biodiversity in the site.

Besides urban open green spaces, allotments and cemetery as the area with high plant richness has a protective value for urban pollinators.

Core Islet Branch Perforation Edge Bridge Loop

Analysis by Guidos Toolbox. According to the connectivity evaluation, the advantageous ecological spaces in the network are identified, and the fractures that need to be maintained and repaired are analyzed. The most important and irreplaceable core areas can be identified.

Cycle Lane Signed Cycle Route Suggested Cycle Route Cycle Crossings Footpath Traffic-free Path

The cycle lane inside the site is broken and very weak.

Residents have a need for a chronic transportation system, but lack such infrastructure. So chronic traffic systems should be systematically added or connected, especially near the green spaces and river areas, including cycle lanes and traffic-free paths.

Bus Lane Tram and Railway Lane Bus Stop Parking Area Tram and Railway Station

Bus routes and stops are distributed along the main roads of the city, and the public transportation system in the southwest is weak with low accessibility. It is very inconvenient for families without a car to go downtown.

Restaurant Health Establishment Education Sports Complex

Neighbourhood: 400-600 m walk – public house, group shops, post office, community, office, community centre, public transport. In the southwest of the site, there are few infrastructure facilities, making life inconvenient for residents.

number of persons 130-240 241-310 311-380 381-520 521-770 Points of interest

The population density in the north of the site is large. The overall population distribution is positively correlated with the POI density. New business opportunities can be considered in areas that the density of POI doesn’t link with the distribution of population.

Percentage of people over 65(%) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-70

The further away from the northern regional center, the more places for the elderly over 65 years old to gather, but combined with the POI density, it can be found that these areas are relatively lack of public infrastructure.

02

01 Ecology and Development

[ Suitability Map - Housing ]

No Flood Risk area

The weight of the superposition coefficient - General housing Nature Elements 0.04 - Slope 0.06 - No flood risk environment Elements 0.1 - Green spaces 0.1 - Distance to bus stops 0.1 - Distance to train stops 0.1 - Distance to routes the transparency of the layer corresponds to the ratio above

Distance to green spaces

Grade Flood risk 1 Flood risk 2 Flood risk 3 Flood risk 4

Slope

[ Conceptual Diagram ]

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Distance to neighborhoods safety Community Supporting Infrastructure

Grade 0-5° 5-15° 15-25° 25°-65°

Vacant Brownfields

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Distance to commercial districts Existing Green Space

Seniors housing

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Affordable housing Distance to routes

Seniors Housing 0.04 - Slope 0.05 - Distance to Train Stops 0.05 - Distance to Routes 0.06 - No Flood Risk 0.1 - Distance to Bus Stops 0.1 - Distance to Commercial Districts 0.15 - Distance to Neighborhoods 0.15 - Distance to Facilities 0.2 - Green Spaces

Affordable Housing 0.04 - Slope 0.05 - Distance to Train Stops 0.05 - Distance to Routes 0.06 - No Flood Risk 0.1 - Green Spaces 0.1 - Distance to Bus Stops 0.1 - Distance to Commercial Districts 0.15 - Distance to Neighborhoods 0.15 - Distance to Facilities 0.2 - Vacant Brownfields

Society Elements 0.1 - Vacant Brownfields 0.1 - Distance to Commercial Districts 0.15 - Distance to Neighborhoods 0.15 - Distance to Facilities 0 0.5 1 The transparency of the layer corresponds to the ratio above Suitability areas have been subtracted from green spaces that need to be protected.

Distance to bus stop

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Distance to train station Distance to facilities

2Km

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Step1 Flood management

To reduce the risk of flood, make sure green spaces and water system are combined to interact with each other to improve the current situation of green infrastructure.

Manchester Airport

New Green Space

Step2 Enhance ecological value

Green space patches are optimized. Green space development is catalyzed and the ecological value of a single green space is enhanced.

Leeds Peak District

Grade 0-100M 100-200M 200-300M 300-400M

Main road

[ Suitability Maps- Woodland & restored Habitat ] Soil type The weight of the superposition coefficient 0.1 - Soil type 0.2 - Resistance of different land-use 0.3 - Distance to the water source 0.4 - Distance to high-value nature reserves The transparency of the layer corresponds to the ratio above

Grade (Good- Bad) Sand Mud Silt Clay

Soil type has a great influence on tree growth. Clay and silt are too thick for most trees, and soils with sand are more breathable for trees.

Resistance of different land-use analysis

Grade (High- Low) Resistance 1 Resistance 2 Resistance 3 Resistance 4

Distance to water source

Grade(Near- Far) 0-50m 50-100m 100-150m 150m-200m

Different landscape elements produce different landscape resistance. For example, for the movement of animals in space, the resistance of forest or grassland is smaller than that of builtup areas.

Areas close to water sources have a high potential for biodiversity, and greenbelts should be designed in combination with water sources to increase biodiversity.

Step4 Build slow traffic system

On the basis of ecological network, the slow traffic system is optimized and combined with public transport to create a popular traffic network.

Step3 Optimize an ecological network

To catalyze the establishment of ecological corridors and patches, and establish an appropriate ecological network together with water system.

Affordable housing 10min

Generall housing

20min

Distance to high-value nature reserves 40min

Grade(Near- Far) 0-50m 50-100m 100-150m 150m-200m

0

0.5

1

2Km

I combined site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC), Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Local Nature Reserve. Increasing the width of the boundary can help increase the size of the core.

According to these suitability maps, it is easy to find the development sapce in the future. The balance between the increase of housing demand caused by the pressure of future population growth and ecological development should be considered comprehensively.

Seniors housing

Step5 Internal community evolution

Road network connection can be established as the vitality center of the community, and the vitality will radiate to the whole community, catalyzing the community internal evolution and land use replacement.

Step6 Establish good balance

Create a good balance between the blue, green and grey infrastructures to create an attractive and livable environment.

03

01 Ecology and Development

[ Planning strategy ]

[ Strategic plan ]

[ Flood management ]

Widen the surface of the water and design reservoirs to improve stormwater risk and increase the capacity of the river to hold water

Twist the channel to increase the area where the water meets the river bank, slow down the flow rate, and add wetlands and floating islands in appropriate areas

The hard revetment is changed into soft revetment to improve the risk of rain and flood, combine green space, appear more ecologic and natural

[ Enhance ecological value ]

In combination with water system, increase the diversity of green space, provide a living environment for more insects/ amphibians/ mammals/ birds, create an ecological habitat, and enhance and catalyze the ecological value of individual green space

[ Optimize an ecological network]

Optimize the ecological value of a single green space, complete the original plate vulnerability, create a form of round green space, increase the ecological benefits of green space

Establish ecological corridors and patches, connect the urban ecosystem with the urban network, and build an appropriate ecological network together with the water system

[ Build slow traffic system ] Key listed buildings Existing river system New wetland Existing pedestrian pathway & Cycle route New pedestrian pathway & Cycle route Existing railway New tramline Open green spaces Existing woodland New woodland New settlements (30 dph) New settlements (75 dph) New settlements (100 dph) Existing retail New retail Business General employment area Other public services

[ NEW Housing layout -Total new homes: 5580 ] [ High density (96 dph) ]

Optimize the chronic system based on the ecological network, connect the fragmented chronic system, and combine with the public transportation to create a popular transportation network

[ Internal community evolution ]

[ Medium density (72 dph) ] Quantity of the type: 14 New homes: 1008

Quantity of the type: 11 New homes: 858

Quantity of the type: 6 New homes: 180

Affordable (100%)

Market-rate (50%) Senior (30%) Affordable (20%)

Market-rate (50%) Senior (30%) Affordable (20%)

Market-rate (70%) Senior (30%) Footpath

[ Medium density (72 dph) ]

[Low density (30 dph)]

Quantity of the type: 13 New homes: 1326

Quantity of the type: 14 New homes: 1008

Affordable (100%)

Market-rate (50%) Senior (30%) Affordable (20%)

[ Green brige ]

The combination of blue/green/grey infrastructure creates a good continuity and balance to create a welcoming and livable environment

[ Wetland ]

[Low density (30 dph)]

[Medium density (78 dph) ]

Quantity of the type: 10 New homes: 960

[ High density (102 dph) ]

[ Establish good balance ]

The better the integration, the more accessible the road network connection can be established as the vibrant center of the community and radiate the vitality to the whole community [ River + Woodland ]

Change the community building pattern, create more effective announcement activities of green space and space

Good habitat for small amphibians

[ River + Meadow ]

[Low density (30 dph)]

Quantity of the type: 6 New homes: 180

Quantity of the type: 2 New homes: 60

Market-rate (70%) Senior (30%)

Market-rate (70%) Senior (30%)

Wildflower meadow

Green link

[ Green revetment ]

Planting revetment

Nesting island

Shoals conducive to spawning

[ River + Business street ]

Add a rest area along the river

04

02 Bee-ing Welcome

[Background of pollinators' decline]

02

[Key information of bee conservation]

"Insect Armageddon"

-- New York Times

BEE-ING WELCOME

(Business Review 2016)

WHAT ARE WE FACING?

EXTINCTION

Insect populations tested had declined by more than

75% 10%

Academic advisor,David Buck 2021.01-2021.06 With the increase of urban expansion and the intensification of agriculture, pollinators– especially wild bees - are facing huge challenges. This project

over the last three decades

species of wild bees are facing extinction

proposes a rich and bio-diverse urban life shared by both pollinators and people, which can provide a sustainable future for the wild bee species.

UK solitary bees have declined in recent decades

Currently Stalybridge is struggling with its future development, the local council hopes to improve the environment, transforming it from a dormitory town to a

52% (Wild Care 2021)

more vibrant place to life, which can bring more residents, workers and visitors.

WHY Habitat loss and fragmentation

BEES I How ma

N THE

ny bee s

pecies d

267 Bee

s specie

1 Hon ey 25 Bum bee blebee 241 Soli tary bee

With the continuous expansion of urban Wild Bee

Research shows that the abundance of urban

l

B-Line: plan pollinator 'super highway'

potential to provide ample food for wild bees Low urbanization

corridors across the UK

and have great value for bee conservation.

High urbanization

(Buglife 2020a) (Kühn et al., 2004)

?

[Strategic Master Plan]

(Grow W ild 20

21)

(Tameside City Council 2020) To Stalybridge Country Park (from town centre)

BEES

Solitary bee & Bumblebee "A single red mason bee (a kind of solitary bee), for example, pollinates 120 times more flora than a single worker honeybee."

TE

amf ord

(fro mt Par own k Wa c lk 1 0 m entre) ins, by b ick 3m

Roughly 70% of solitary bees are called mining bees and nest in underground burrows. Other main group are cavity nesting bees which makes a home out of dry, hollow stems of wildflowers or dead plants like brambles.

SOLITARY BEES

ins

Train Station

1831

(Grow Wild 2021, Wild Care 2021)

Spring

ve Ri

r

m Ta

e

r te ea Gr

nc Ma

he

ste

r

Transfer bus station from grey to green

Ma rke tS tre

Bingo Club

et

Victoria Bridge 1867

Summer

Solitary bees leave a food supply of pollen and die in Autumn (the larvae eat the food before the cocoon in winter).

(National Biodiversity Data Centre 2018)

Autumn

ng

Post Office 1901

Stalybridge War Memorial

Public Library

Stalybridge Civic Hall 1866

k

Lin

cli cy

St Pauls C of E Primary School

te

u ro

300 m

1897-1901

Existing Street Park

Armentieres Square

Holy Trinity Church 1851–1852

SITE 1

ALDI

Proposal new street park

New queen hibernation

Former Town Hall

te rou

GO

ling route Proposal new cyc untry Park To Stalybridge Co

TESCO

(from town centre) bick 20mins Walk 41 mins, by

Pedestrian street

ced wild

South-fa

V

d grasslan

SITE 3

N

Summer

Highest food requirement period - Before late autumn (new queen forages to build up reserve before hibernation) (National Biodiversity Data Centre 2018)

OD

W

Winter

1903–1904

ti

Exis

ling

yc ng c

Walk 54 mins, by bick 27mins

2

IE

Spring

Thorn House

(Wild Care 2021)

BUMBLEBEE

Imp r walk ove co n of c ing ex nectiv p it ana l-sid erienc y & e pa e thw ay

Best Pollinator

SI

To S t

Bus Station

Autumn

This site is excalty on the B-Line

plant species is usually greater than in the countryside, thus urban areas have huge

o we have

s in tota

90%

Winter

Stalybridge

providing a possibility for their future.

UK

)

LITARY

areas, the originally unpopular urban habitat has become a refuge for many pollinators,

Honey Bee

(Sussex 20 15

ARE SO

B-Line

-Urban Green Space

(Wilson et al. 2019)

75% of world-main crops, 85% of wild plants rely on planting insects, especial wild bees.

(UICN 2020,p.4)

attractive outdoor urban life both for pollinators and people.

WHAT'S THE FUTURE?

Parasites and diseases Climate change Pesticide abuse

location and environmental conditions. And the ‘Bee-ing Welcome’ strategy safe and improved living conditions for wild bees as well as creating an

(Buglife 2020b)

"Green Desert"

Stalybridge has great potential to be pollinator-friendly due to its advantageous aims to transform Stalybridge into a pollinator-friendly town that can provide

CONNECTIVITY

(Kew 2017)

Total abundance

Personal Work

97%

of wildflower meadows since the 1930s

School work, Ecological landscape design Stalybridge, UK

UK have lost

Gorse Hall Cheetham Park

0

50

100

200m

(Open Street Map, 2020 ; Google Maps, 2020)

05

02 Bee-ing Welcome

[Site survey]

[New Green Spaces & People Activities]

[Existing Plants & Flowering period]

[Urban public green spaces] [A]

[Town Centre Masterplan]

[B]

Cherry Avenue

Tree Plaza

[C]

[D]

Flowering gap period: September, October, November, December, January

[Existing Green Space & Hard Surface] Sculpture & Lawn

Fountain square [E]

[F]

[A]

Detailed Design Area Flower Meadow square

Canal-side pathway

[Open Public Spaces & Transportation]

Green space seat 1

Green canal

Floweing plants space 1

[D] [B] Green space seat 2

Floweing plants space 2

[C] [F]

Green bus stop

[Main Building Functions] [E]

[Planting Strategy & Bees' Foraging Activity Trend] Amelanchier x grandiflora ‘Robin Hill’ Prunus x hillieri 'Spire'

Street Trees

(Small)

Container Plants ( Perennia)

MIX 1

( Perennia)

MIX 2

Container Plants

Liriope muscari Erica carnea ‘Adrienne Duncan’ Primula vulgaris Salix caprea'Kilmarnock' Polemonium reptans 'Stairway To Heaven' Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Biokovo' Salvia rosmarinus (Ro) Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant' Lavandula angustifolia ‘Purple Treasure’ Achillea ‘Terracotta’ Achillea ptarmica 'The Pearl'

MIX 4

Container Plants

Rudbeckia hirta 'Indian Summer' Gaillardia × grandiflora 'Burgunder' Echinacea purpurea 'Magnus' Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mixed'

MIX 3

(Medium and Tall)

( Perennia and small shrub)

March

Allium stipitatum 'Mount Everest' Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii Salvia ‘Love And Wishes’ Verbascum 'Valerie Grace' Origanum laevigatum 'Hopleys'

April

Green space seat 3

Street tree 2

Outdoor cafe

Fountain square

Green wall

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

Solitary bees leave a food supply of pollen and die in Autumn (the larvae eat the food before the cocoon in winter) Highest food requirement period -Autumn (new queen forages to build up reserves before hibernation)

Prunus 'Tai-haku' Acer platanoides ‘Emerald Queen’ Tilia cordata ‘Green Spire’ Acer campestre 'Elsrijk' Aesculus hippocastanum

Open Space Trees

(short-lived perennial and annual)

February

Salix aegyptiaca Alnus glutinosa Crataegus monogyna ‘Stricta’ Prunus avium ‘Plena’ Sorbus aucuparia var. edulis

Open Space Trees

Container Plants

January

Street tree 1

High food requirement period- Spring (queen emerges from hibernation, finding food and start nesting)

N

Solitary bees Bumblebees (emerge from hibernation)

Hibernation

0

Foraging Activity Trend Solitary bees (mining bees and cavity-nesting bees)

10

20

50m

Bumblebees Early Spring flowering plants, they won't starve to death if emerge from hibernation early (warmer climate).

Main flowering period

06

02 Bee-ing Welcome

2%

Plant Mix 1 Type: Short-lived perennial and annual. Full Sun. Flower period: July-Octobrt

Batu Hardwood Decking Size: 1100 x 200 x 20mm Laid: Stretcher Bond

Plant Mix 2 Type: Perennia. Partial shade.

Flower period: January- May, June- August

Pre-rusted Corten Steel Tree Grille Size: 1200 x1200mm

Plant Mix 3 Type: Perennia. Full Sun. Flower period: June- August

Hydropave Tegula Permeable Block Size: 200 x 185x 60mm, Colour: Bracken Laid: Stretcher Bond

Plant Mix 4 Type: Perennia. Full Sun. Flower period: April- August

15 cm

-0.02m

Granite water-etched paving blocks Size: 625 x 185 x 50mm, Colour: Bracken Laid: Stretcher Bond

20 cm

[1:100 Detailed Hard Surface & Planting Plan]

Tobermore Tumbled Concrete Kerb Edging Size: 260x190x 50mm, Colour: Grey Laid: Flush

+0.01m

+0.03m

±0.00

+0.01m

Marshalls 'Brackendale Cambrian' Sandstone Size: 600 x 400 x 50mm Laid: Stretcher Bond

+0.03m

A'

A

Prunus x hillieri 'Spire'

Drainage channel

Lakha Red Granite Size: 500 x 200 x 50mm Laid: Stack Bond

Salix caprea 'Kilmarnock'

Existing Street Light

[1:50 A-A' Section & Construction Detail]

1200mm x 1200mm tree grille c/w RootRain Hydrogrille irrigation inlet Additional twin-wall GeoNet (GLTWGNA) to be installed where sub-base is installed below 3% CBR - Minimum 2%

RootSpace structure - 1 modules deep x 6 lids square (1 x 2 x 2 void below RootDirector) loaded with RootSoil 20 200mm minimum depth of drainage layer

Drainage channel

Existing Tree

Existing Sculpture

The idea to improve this site is to green this town centre and use plants to bring a whole year attraction. Use ‘Mosaic’ planting strategy to increase planting area, also use plants to identify spaces' boundary, provide different types of interesting green spaces for people's activities.

This street is my detailed design area, I re-divided the functions of the street with planting containers, also increase sitting space for people. And the planting strategy is mainly focused on stree trees, open spaces trees and containers plants. Species choice is based on bees' foraging activity.

07

02 Bee-ing Welcome

[Woodland playground masterplan]

[Planting Strategy & Bumblebees' Activity] Viburnum tinus 'Lucidum' Ilex aquifolium Buddleja ‘Shire Blue’ Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ Euonymus europaeus Erica carnea ‘Adrienne Duncan’ Lonicera fragrantissima Acer campestre 'Elsrijk'

Shrubs and Trees partial shade, full shade

Bulbs

Eranthis hyemalis Hyacinthoides non-scripta

Bulbs

Galanthus nivalis Muscari armeniacum Colchicum 'Lilac Wonder'

dappled shade, full shade

full sun or partial shade

Anemone nemorosa Silene dioica Hedera

Woodland perennials partial shade, full shade

Dahlia ‘Magenta Star’ Salvia ‘Mulberry Jam’ Anemone × hybrida 'Honorine Jobert' Verbena bonariensis

Woodland perennials Full sun, partial shade

Fern

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

N

December

Highest food requirement period -Autumn (new queen forages to build up reserves before hibernation) High food requirement period- Spring (queen emerges from hibernation, finding food and starts nesting)

0

2

4

10m

New queens and males leave the nest to find mates Female workers emerge and take over nest duties

Queen prepares a pollen loaf and a nectar pot and starts laying eggs

Bumblebees

Mated new queen forages to build up reserves before hibernation. Workers, males and old queen die

Bumblebees and cavity-nesting bees emerge from hibernation in this site Hibernation

Blechnum spicant Early Spring flowering plants, shrubs and bulbs

[Habitat for different bee species]

Main flowering period

Main flowering period

Early spring flowering plant

Container Plants

- vital food source for bees which emerge early

( Perennia)

Wood stacked together in a shady sheltered area

-perfect nesting space for some kind of cavity-nesting bees'

Evergreen fern

- reduce wind in winter for hibernate bumblebees

B

Well drained & north faced slope

B'

South and East faced stone wall

- bumblebees' hibernation space

-perfect nesting space for some kind of cavity-nesting bees'

127.5

Bug Hotel

128.0

128.5

129.0

129.5

131.5

131.0

130.5

130.0

-To attract the widest range of species: 10-15cm depth and 2-10mm diameter holes.

[1:200 B-B' Section]

Hydropave Tegula Permeable Block

Natural Woods

Wood Board

Granite Stone

Sand

Hemp Net

Drilled wood

Natural Stone

[Planting Plan]

[Nesting Condition] In the UK we have 267 species of bees. These consist of 25 bumblebee species, one honeybee species, the rest about 90% are solitary bees — that’s around 240 species.

Viburnum tinus 'Lucidum' Shrub, Evergreen Existing Trees

Most bumblebees nest underground in holes made by larger animals, while others nest above ground in abandoned bird nests or in long or tussocky grass.

Ilex aquifolium Shrub, Evergreen

Bumblebees don't hibernate in the same places where their colonies nested. Instead, they use northfacing slopes or areas which is well-drained underneath trees.

Buddleja ‘Shire Blue’ Shrub, Deciduous

Solitary bees prefer to live alone (hence their name) instead of in the big colonies associated with honey and bumblebees.

Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ Shrub, Deciduous

Cavity-nesting bees (belong to Solitary Bee) use existing holes in hollow stems, wood or stone walls.

10-15cm depth and 5-15mm diameter holes.

Euonymus europaeus Shrub, Deciduous Erica carnea ‘Adrienne Duncan’ Shrub, Evergreen

(Wild Care 2021; National Biodiversity Data Centre 2018)

Lonicera fragrantissima Shrub, Deciduous

Perennials mix 1 (shade) Perennials mix 2 (full sun or partial shade)

Bulbs mix 1 (shade)

Acer campestre 'Elsrijk' Tree, Deciduous

Blechnum spicant Fern,eversgreen

B

B'

The second site is near the canal, and it’s behind a primary school. Currently, it is woodland but lacks land cover plants. It already has a simple children playground. So, for this site, I want to transform it into a bee-friendly and more interesting playground for children. There is a north-faced slop near the canal, it has a great opportunity to be a winter nest space for bumblebees. So I keep this part for them, use stones and cover the soil to create a good drainage environment，also use several evergreen ferns to reduce the wind. The East part is a children playground, and the material is sand, wood and stone, which is also a good condition for these pollinators.

The plant species I choose are suitable for woodland condition, and I mainly focused on shrubs and bulbs. The main flowering period is early spring & mid to late autumn, and it can fully support bumblebees' and cavity-nesting bees' whole year requirement, including perfect hibernation environment condition.

08

02 Bee-ing Welcome

[Key information of bee species]

[Habitat for different bee species]

Bug hotels in the meadow

Nesting Condition

- For cavity-nesting bees whole year nest requirement

Long grass

- For some kinds of bumblebees nest in spring and summer

Bumblebees nest underground in holes made by larger animals, while others nest above ground in abandoned bird nests or in long or tussocky grass.

Cavity-nesting bees (belong to Solitary Bee) use existing holes in hollow stems, wood or stone walls. 10-15cm depth and 2-10mm diameter holes.

Fly Distance Solitary bees normally fly within 100 to 300 meters away from their nest, so it's necessary to provide a year-round food supply within a short distance. Bumblebeesbees normally fly within 1km away from (National Biodiversity Data Centre 2018) their nest.

Bare ground facing east or south

Summer flowering wildflower meadow

- For mining bees whole year nest requirement

- Excellent food sources from early June to October

[Planting Strategy & Bees' Foraging Activity Trend] Achillea millefolium Anthyllis vulneraria Campanula glomerata Campanula trachelium Centaurea nigra Centaurea scabiosa Daucus carota Echium vulgare Galium verum Geranium pratense Hypericum perforatum Knautia arvensis Lathyrus pratensis Linaria vulgaris Lotus corniculatus Lythrum salicaria Origanum vulgare Prunella vulgaris Rhinanthus minor Scabious Succisa pratensis Scabiosa columbaria Stachys officinalis Stachys sylvatica Succisa pratensis Trifolium pratense Verbascum nigrum Vicia cracca

Wildflower (27 species)

Agrostis capillaris Anthoxanthum odoratum (N) Briza media (N) Cynosurus cristatus Festuca Trachyphylla Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Festuca rubra ssp. litoralis Hordeum secalinum (N) Poa pratensis Trisetum flavescens

Floweing Grass (10 species)

[References List] January

February

March

April

May

June

July

September

October

November

Highest food requirement period -Autumn (new queen forages to build up reserves before hibernation)

Mining bees and cavity-nesting bees emerge from hibernation in this site

Solitary bees Bumblebees

Some bumblebees' nest in the long grass in spring and summer

Hibernation Foraging Activity Trend

Bumblebees' colony die in late autumn New queen find a place to hibernate

Solitary bees (mining bees and cavity-nesting bees) Bumblebees Early seasonal food provide by nearby existing woodland

Cut or manage meadow in late autumn/winter

Main flowering period

This site can fully support mining bees' and cavity-nesting bees’ nest and food requirement, also can support bumblebees' spring nest requirement.

Town Centre - Urban Nest condition: - Bee home - Bee nesting brick

August

Solitary bees leave a food supply of pollen and die in Autumn (the larvae eat the food before the cocoon in winter)

Canalside Woodland - Suburban For cavity-nesting bees whole year nest requirement SI

TE

Food support: - Spring flowering trees - Long season flowering container plants (‘Mosaic’ planting strategy)

2

Nest condition: - South or East faced stone walls - Stacked wood in a shady sheltered area - Bug hotel - Dry stream of shrubs during the winter

For cavity-nesting bees whole year nest requirement

- Well drained and north faced slope

For bumblebees winter hibernation

Food support: - Late winter and early spring flowering bulbs and woodland perennials - Nearly whole year flowering vegetation, including late autumn flowering plants to attract bumblebees to hibernate nearby.

[1] Buglife. (2020a)., B-Lines – what is it all about? [online]. Buglife. [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.buglife.org.uk/blog/ b-lines-what-is-it-all-about/ [2] Buglife. (2020b)., UK B-Lines [digital image]. [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://cdn.buglife.org.uk/2020/04/B-lines_Website_ All_UK_21042020-724x1024.jpg [3] Business Review. (2016)., UK Farmland[digital image]. [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://media.business-review.eu/ unsafe/420x250/smart/filters:contrast(5):quality(80)/business-review.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Land-Photo.jpg [4] Google Maps, (2020). [Stalybridge, Tameside]. Google. [Viewed 5 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/ Stalybridge/@53.4912005,-2.0544856,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x487bb6163895f79d:0xba8bc5060bc16892!8m2!3d53.483806!

4d-2.0500759 [5] Grow Wild. (2021)., All about solitary bees [online]. Grow Wild. [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from:https://www.growwilduk.com/ wildflowers/bees-pollinators/all-about-solitary-bees#:~:text=What's%20so%20special%20about%20solitary,are%20called%20cavity%20 nesting%20bees.

[6] Kew. (2017)., Why meadows matter [online]. Kew Garden. [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/ meadows-matter#:~:text=Wild%20flower%20meadows%20are%20one,flower%20meadows%20since%20the%201930s.

[7] Kühn, Ingolf, Brandl, Roland & Klotz, Stefan, (2004). The flora of German cities is naturally species rich. Evolutionary ecology research, 6(5), pp.749–764.

[8]National Biodiversity Data Centre. (2018)., How to guide nesting? [online] National Biodiversity Data Centre [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://pollinators.ie/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/How-to-guide-Nesting-2018-WEB.pdf [9]National Biodiversity Data Centre. (2019)., Transport Corridors actions to help pollinators? [online] National Biodiversity Data Centre [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://pollinators.ie/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Transport-Corridors_actions-to-help-pollinators-2019WEB.pdf [10] Naturescape. (2021)., N4 SUMMER FLOWERING BUTTERFLY & BEE MEADOW MIXTURE [online] Naturescape. [Viewed 21 April 2021].

Available from:https://www.naturescape.co.uk/product/n4-summer-flowering-butterfly-bee-meadow-mixture/ [11] Openstreet Map, (2020). Green Belt [Stalybridge,Tameside]. Openstreet Map. [Viewed 4 April 2021]. Available from: https://www. openstreetmap.org/search?query=Stalybridge#map=12/53.4840/-2.0563&layers=C [12] Ordnance Survey., (2020).Master Map Sites Layer [ Stalybridge, Tameside. 1:2500]. [Viewed 7 April 2021]. Available from: https://digimap. edina.ac.uk/roam/download/environment [13] Ordnance Survey., (2019).[Land cover map, 1:250000. [Viewed 7 April 2021]. Available from: https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/ download/environment [14] Sussex. (2015)., How many species of bumblebee are there in the UK? [online]. Sussex Wildlife Trust. [Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk/discover/in-your-garden/article/110 [15] Tameside City Council. (2020)., Stalybridge Action Plan: Our Place, Our Plan. [online] Tameside City Council. [Viewed 21 April 2021].

Available from: https://www.tameside.gov.uk/TamesideMBC/media/policy/J002446-Stalybridge-Town-Centre-Challenge-Strategy-V5-NOFOREWORD.pdf [16] UICN.(2020)., A guide for pollinator-friendly cities: How can spatial planners and land-use managers create favourable urban environments for pollinators? [online] UICN.[Viewed 21 April 2021]. Available from: https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/local_authorities_guidance_document_ en_compressed.pdf [17] Wild Care. (2021)., SOLITARY BEES: 8 FACTS TO KNOW PLUS AN IDENTIFICATION RESOURCE [online]. Wild Care. [Viewed 21 April 2021].

Available from: https://www.wildcare.co.uk/blog/solitary-bees-8-facts-to-know-plus-an-identification-resource/ [18] Wilson, Caleb J and Jamieson, Mary A (2019) ‘The effects of urbanization on bee communities depends on floral resource availability and bee functional traits’, PloS one, 14(12), pp. e0225852–e0225852. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225852.

[Summer Flowering Meadow]

SITE 1 SITE 3

Summer flowering wildflower meadow - Rural Nest condition: - Long grass

N

0

50

100

200m

For some kinds of bumblebees nest in spring and summer

- Bug hotel

For cavity-nesting bees whole year nest requirement

- Bare ground facing east or south

For mining bees whole year nest requirement

Food support: - excellent food sources from early June to October (Strongly support all kinds of bees food requirement before winter) - Nearby woodland can fully support early season food requirement

09

03 LET TIME TO PAINT School work, Landscape Planning Landfill Park Design Team Work Sheffield, Parkwood Springs Academic advisor, David Buck 2020.10 - 2020.11 Description of design The site is located on the north side of Sheffield city centre, surrounded by residential areas, on the west side adjacent to the Sheffield green belt which has high ecological development value. The centre of the site is a landfill, currently maintained by a recycling company. There is a lot of woodland on the site, which is fragmented due to deforestation. This landscape planning starts from the establishment of the ecological network, through 'Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis' to identify the existing landscape elements in the site, and then selects 'Main Core' and plan new 'Stepping Stones' to build a diverse ecological network. While establishing an ecological network, we will introduce diverse venues to attract people from surrounding communities to enter the park, and gradually improve the ecological environment while participating in activities. The retail and small market introduced on the southwest side of the site can be combined with the building complex on the south side to attract people into the new park and also bring economic benefits to maintain the site. Ecology, Society and economy are closely integrated to achieve a state of symbiosis and common progress.

10

03 Let Time To Paint

[ Overall green space network analysis ] Sheffield

Landscape Ecology and Green [ Theory research ] Network Landscape Ecology and Green Network Landscape Ecology and Green Network Landscape Ecology and Green Network Landscape Ecology Green Network Landscape Ecology and and Green Network Landscape Ecology and Green Network

Longley Park

Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) is a popu-

Morphological Pattern Analysis (MSPA) lar method for regional green infrastructure construction Morphological spatialSpatial pattern analysis (MSPA) is a popu“Single “Single core” “Single “Single core” “Single “Single core” core” core” core”

Firth Park Busk Meadow Park

Site Location

Parkwood Springs

Hillsborough Park

PEAK DISTRICT

Habitat Diversity A large patch provides more Habitat Diversity Habitat Diversity habitats with higher number A large patch provides more Habitat Diversity Habitat Diversity A large patch provides more Habitat Diversity of species. habitats with higher number A provides more A large large patch patch provides more habitats with higher number A large patch provides more of species. habitats with higher number habitats with higher number of species. habitats with higher number of species. of species. of species.

PEAK DISTRICT

Abbeyfield Park

City Centre Ruskin Park Ponderosa

We can find that the entire site is within the scope of the green belt. Parkwood Springs is well connected to the green corridor heading east from the Peak District. However, in the north-south direction, it does not connect the surrounding green space well.

Crookes Valley Park

1850s

1900s

CITY CENTRE

1950s

[ Vegetation & Biodiversity analysis ]

Present

Heatherland

Vegetaaon Types Heatherland Scrub Rough Grassland Amenity Grassland Landfill Grassland Established Woodland Pioneer Woodland Broadleaf Wodland Ancient Woodland Riverside & Ponds

Future？

Vegetaaon Rowan Birch

Beech Cynodon dactylon

Poplar

Calamagrosss macrolepis

Maple

Perovskia atriplicifolia

Oak

SSpa splendens

Vegetaaon

Pioneer Woodland

Vegetaaon

Apple tree

Betula

Trifolium repens Anemarrhena asphodeloides Equisetum ramosissimum Bothriochloa ischaemum Imperata cylindrica

Populus

Rough Grassland

Small Patches Act asPatches stepping stones for species Small Small movement, and stones providefor different Act asPatches stepping species Small Patches Small Patches Act as stepping for species Small Patches and supplemental ecological movement, and stones provide different Act stones species Act as as stepping stepping stones for for species movement, and provide different Act as stepping stones for species benefits than large patches. and supplemental ecological movement, and provide different movement, and provide different and supplemental ecological movement, and provide different benefits than large patches. and supplemental ecological and supplemental ecological benefits than large patches. and supplemental ecological benefits benefits than than large large patches. patches. benefits than large patches.

Grouped Patches as Habitat Multiple Groupedhabitats Patchesfor as some Habitat Grouped Patches as Habitat relatively generalist species as Multiple habitats for some Grouped Patches as Habitat Groupedhabitats Patchesfor as some Habitat Multiple Grouped Patches as Habitat they are in the absence of as relatively generalist species Multiple for Multiple habitats habitats for some some as relatively generalist Multiple habitats forspecies some large patch. they are in the absence of as relatively generalist species relatively generalist species as they are in the absence of as relatively generalist species large patch. they in they are are in the the absence absence of of large patch. they are in the absence of large large patch. patch. large patch.

Cluster of Stepping Stones Provide alternate or Stones redundant Cluster of Stepping Cluster of Stepping routes, while maintaining an Provide alternate or Stones redundant Cluster of Stones Cluster alternate of Stepping Stepping Stones Provide or redundant Clusterlinearly-oriented of Stepping Stones overall array routes, while maintaining an Provide alternate or Providewhile alternate or redundant redundant routes, maintaining an Providelinearly-oriented alternate redundant between the largeorpatches. overall array routes, while an routes, linearly-oriented while maintaining maintainingarray an overall routes, while maintaining an between the large patches. overall array overall linearly-oriented linearly-oriented array between the large patches. overall linearly-oriented array between the large patches. between the large patches. between the large patches.

Network Connectivity and Circuitry Provide overall indexand of the NetworkanConnectivity Circuitry Network Circuitry effectiveness of linkages forthe species Provide anConnectivity overall indexand of Network Connectivity and Circuitry Network Connectivity and Circuitry Provide an overall index of Network Connectivity and Circuitry movement. effectiveness of linkages forthe species “Multiple Provide an overall index of the Provide an overall index of the effectiveness of linkages for species Provide an overall index of the movement. effectiveness “Multiple effectiveness of of linkages linkages for for species species Network” movement. effectiveness of linkages for species “Multiple movement.

“Multiple Network” movement.

“Multiple movement.

“Multiple Network”

Vegetaaon

Loops and Alternatives Alternative routes or loops in a Loops and Alternatives Loops and Alternatives network reduce theornegative Alternative routes loops in a Loops Loops and and Alternatives Alternatives Alternative routes or loops in of a Loops and Alternatives effects toreduce increase efficiency network the negative Alternative routes or loops Alternative routes ornegative loops in in aa network reduce the Alternative routes or loops inof a movements. effects toreduce increase efficiency network the negative network reduce the negative effects to increase network reduce theefficiency negativeof movements. effects to increase efficiency of effects to increase efficiency of movements. effects to increase efficiency of movements. movements.

Circulaaon of Pakwood movements.

Network” Network” Network”

Dispersal and Small Connected Patch These patches are effective in providDispersal and Small Connected Patch Dispersal and Small Connected Patch ing habitat which These patches areindividuals effective inpause providDispersal and Connected Patch Dispersal and Small Small Connected Patch These patches are effective in providDispersal and Small Connected Patch and/or breed, resulting in a higher ing habitat which individuals pause These patches are effective providThese patches areindividuals effective in in providing habitat which pause These patches are effective in providsurvival rate. and/or breed, resulting in a higher ing habitat which individuals pause ing habitat which individuals pause and/or breed, resulting in aa higher ing habitat which individuals pause survival rate. and/or resulting and/or breed, breed, resulting in in a higher higher survival rate. resulting and/or breed, in a higher survival survival rate. rate.

Springs survival rate.

[ Social profiles analysis ]

Estabilished Woodland Vegetaaon

Scrub

“Stepping “Stepping Stones” “Stepping “Stepping Stones” “Stepping “Stepping Stones” Stones” Stones” Stones”

Western Park

?

1650s

Large Patch Benefits Sustain viableBenefits population of Large Patch Large Patch Benefits most interior species, provide Sustain viable population of Large Benefits Large Patch Patch Benefits Sustain viable population of Large Patch Benefits core habitat. most interior species, provide Sustain viable of Sustain viable population population of most interior provide Sustain viablespecies, population of core habitat. most interior species, provide most interior species, provide core mosthabitat. interior species, provide core habitat. core habitat. core habitat.

Site Boundary Tybe A Road Tybe B Road Local Road Entrance Railway Bicycle Routes Pavement River Exissng Green Area

Morphological pattern analysis (MSPA) is a popuin this decade, this method emphasizes structural conlar method for spatial regional green infrastructure construction Morphological spatial analysis is Morphological spatial pattern pattern analysis (MSPA) (MSPA) is aa popupopular method regional green infrastructure construction Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) is a conpopunection andfor only relies on land use data. in this decade, this method emphasizes structural lar method for regional green infrastructure construction larthis method for this regional green infrastructure construction in decade, method emphasizes structural conlar method for regional green infrastructure construction nection and only relies on land use data.structural conin this decade, this method emphasizes in this decade, this method emphasizes structural connection and only relies on land usenatural data.structural in this decade, this method emphasizes conThe re-classification assumes that ecological nection nection and and only only relies relies on on land land use use data. data. nection and only on land use data. are elements such as relies woodland and wetland extracted as The re-classification assumes that natural ecological The re-classification assumes that natural ecological foreground, andasother land types as background. elements such woodland and wetland are extracted as The assumes that natural ecological The re-classification re-classification assumesand that naturalare ecological Legend elements such as woodland wetland extracted as Islet Bridge Foreground The re-classification assumes that natural ecological foreground, and other land types as background. elements as and are elements such such as woodland woodland and wetland wetland are extracted extracted as as Legend foreground, and land as background.

Islet Bridge Foreground elements such asother woodland and wetland arebe extracted After image processing, thetypes foreground can divided as foreground, and other land types as background.

Perforation Loop background foreground, and other land types as background.

Legend Islet Bridge Foreground Legend foreground, and otherthat land types background. into seven not as overlap with Islet Bridge Foreground After imagecategories processing, thedo foreground can be each divided Legend Perforation Loop background Islet Bridge Foreground Edge Core Branch Legend Islet Bridge Foreground After image processing, the foreground can be divided other.

Perforation Loop background into seven categories that do not overlap with each After the can be Perforation Loop background After image image processing, processing, the foreground foreground can be divided divided Edge Core Branch Perforation Loop background into that not overlap with Afterseven imagecategories processing, thedo foreground can be each divided other.

Perforation Loop background into seven categories that do not overlap with each Edge Core Branch into seven categories that do not overlap with each Edge Core Branch other. into seven categories that do not overlap with each Edge Core Branch other.

Ecological implications Edge other.Type Core Branch other.Type Ecological Core Large natural patches, wildlifeimplications habitats, forest reserves, etc Type Ecological implications Type Ecological implications Core Large natural wildlife habitats, forest reserves, etc Type Ecological implications The isolated and broken smallpatches, natural patches, which are not connected with each other Islet Type Ecological implications Core Large natural patches, wildlife habitats, forest reserves, etc Core Large natural patches, wildlife habitats, forest reserves, The isolated and broken smallpatches, natural patches, whichhas are not connected with each other Islet Core Large natural wildlife habitats, forest reserves, etc etc Perforation The built-up area inside the core area, which no ecological Core Large natural patches, wildlife habitats, forest reserves,benefits etc with each other Islet The isolated and broken small natural patches, which are not connected The and broken small natural patches, which are connected with each Islet Perforation The built-up areathe inside the core area, which ecological benefits Islet The isolated isolated and broken small natural patches, whichhas arenonot not connected with each other other Edge between corenatural area and the construction land, with edge effect TheTransition isolated and broken small patches, which arenonot connected with each other Islet Perforation The built-up area inside the core area, which has ecological benefits Perforation The built-up area inside the core which has no ecological benefits Edge Transition between core area andarea, the construction with edge effect built-up areathe inside the core area, which has corridor noland, ecological benefits Perforation The land the in the green infrastructure Bridge The belt ecological connecting the core areas, which is Perforation The built-up area inside the core area, which has noland, ecological benefits Edge Transition between the core area and the construction with edge effect Edge Transition between the area and the construction land, edge effect corridor in the green infrastructure Bridge The belt ecological land connecting the core which is the Edge Transition between the core core area areas, and the construction land, with with edge effect Loop The ecological corridor thethe same core, low connectivity witheffect other cores Edge Transition between the connecting core area areas, and construction land, with Bridge The belt ecological land connecting the core which is the corridor in theedge green infrastructure corridor in green infrastructure Bridge The belt land the core which is Loop The ecological corridor connecting the same low connectivity with other cores Bridge The belt ecological ecological land connecting the core areas, which is the the corridor in the the green infrastructure Branch Ecological patches onlyconnecting connected with oneareas, end of thecore, core area has poor landscape connectivity the corridor in the green infrastructure Bridge The belt ecological land connecting the core areas, which is The ecological corridor connecting the same core, low connectivity with other cores Loop Loop The ecological corridor connecting the same core, low connectivity with other cores Branch EcologicalThe patches only connected with one end of thecore, corelow areaconnectivity has poor landscape connectivity Loop ecological corridor connecting the same with other cores Loop The ecological corridor connecting the same core, low connectivity with other cores Branch Ecological patches only connected with one end of the core area has poor landscape connectivity Branch Ecological Branch Ecological patches patches only only connected connected with with one one end end of of the the core core area area has has poor poor landscape landscape connectivity connectivity Branch Ecological patches only connected with one endSuitable of the core areacriteria has poor design (a) landscape connectivity 1.

River corridor made narrower, although not completely Suitable design criteria (a) Landscape Security Patterns - Fundamental Criteria Suitable design criteria (a) “broken” 1.

River corridor made narrower, although not completely Suitable design (a) Suitable design criteria criteria (a) 1.

River corridor made narrower, although completely Suitable design criteria (a) 2.

Forested patch size reduced, and patch not surrounded by “broken” 1.

River corridor made narrower, 1. River corridor made narrower, although although not not completely completely “broken” 1. Forested River corridor narrower,and although not completely suburbanization 2. patchmade size reduced, patch surrounded by “broken” “broken” 2.

Forested patch size reduced, and patch surrounded by “broken” 3.

New suburban development concentrated within area suburbanization 2.

2. Forested Forested patch patch size size reduced, reduced, and and patch patch surrounded surrounded by by suburbanization 2. New Forested patch development size reduced, concentrated and patch surrounded by of existing suburbanization 3. suburban within area suburbanization suburbanization 3.

New suburban development concentrated within area suburbanization Suitable design criteria (b) of existing suburbanization 3.

New suburban development concentrated within area 3. existing New suburban development concentrated within area of suburbanization 3.

New suburban development within area 1.

Conservation area (1) (b) mostly concentrated circular in shape Suitable design criteria of suburbanization of existing existing suburbanization Suitable design criteria of existing suburbanization 2.

Passive-use area buffer circular between 1.

Conservation area(2)(1)as(b) mostly in conservation shape Suitable design criteria (b) Suitable design criteria (b) Conservation area (1) mostly in shape Suitable designarea criteria and active-use area (3) 2.

Passive-use (2) as(b) buffercircular between conservation 1. area (1) mostly circular in shape (a) (b) 1.

1. Conservation Conservation area (1) mostly circular inconservation shape area (2) as buffer betweenin 1. Passive-use Conservation area (1) mostly circular shape 3.

Active-use (3) close to suburbanization and active-usearea area (3) 2. area as (a) (b) 2.

2. Passive-use Passive-use area (2) (2) as buffer buffer between between conservation conservation and active-use (3) 2.

Passive-use area (2) as buffer between conservation 3.

Active-use area (3) close to suburbanization (a) (b) and active-use area (3) and active-use area (3) (a) (b) (a) (b) 3.

Active-use to suburbanization and active-usearea area(3)(3)close 3. (a) (b) 3. Active-use Active-use area area (3) (3) close close to to suburbanization suburbanization 3. Active-use area (3) close to suburbanization

- Landscape Ecology and Green Network Reference - Landscape Significance Ecology and Green Network

Guide us to identify the different elements and components of the green network.

-Guide Landscape Ecology and Green Network Landscape Ecology and Green Network us to identify the different elements and components of the green network.

- Morphological Spatial (MSPA) Landscape Ecology andPattern GreenAnalysis Network -- Landscape Ecology and Green Network Guide us to identify the different elements and components of the green network. identify the different and of green network.

Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) Guide us to accurately identify theelements current situation and structure green network of the site. identify the different elements and components components of the theof green network. us to identify the different elements and components of the green network.

-Guide Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) Morphological Spatial Pattern (MSPA) us to accurately identify the current situation -Guide Landscape Security Patterns - Analysis Fundamental Criteria and structure of green network of the site.

Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) -- Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) Guide us to accurately identify the current situation and structure of green network of the site. accurately identify the and of network of Landscape Security Patterns - Fundamental Criteria Guide us to optimize and grade thecurrent overall situation green network and spatial pattern of the site. accurately identify the current situation and structure structure of green green network of the the site. site. us identify the and structure of green network of the site.

-Guide Security Patterns -- Fundamental Criteria -- Landscape Landscape Security Patterns Fundamental Criteria Guide us to to accurately optimize and grade thecurrent overall situation green network and spatial pattern of the site.

Landscape Security Patterns Fundamental Criteria -Guide Landscape Security Patterns Fundamental Criteria Guide us to optimize and grade the overall green network and spatial pattern of the site.

Guide us us to to optimize optimize and and grade grade the the overall overall green green network network and and spatial spatial pattern pattern of of the the site. site.

Guide us to optimize and grade the overall green network and spatial pattern of the site.

[ Existing activities ] Tree Plannng

Suitable group; Students, Recisidents

Cycling

Lantern Fessval

Suitable group; Recisidents

Dog Walking

Accviies

Educaaon

Pteridium uilinum var. laausculum Cibooum barometz

Broadleaf Woodland

Vegetaaon

Rye Grass

Oak

Cynodon dactylon

Ash Whitebeem Alder

Suitable group; Bicycle Lovers

Hiking

Suitable group; Recisidents

Retail

Bird Watching

Liquidambar formosana

Amenity Grassland

Vegetaaon

Ancient Woodland

Rough grass, forb and low shrubs

Vegetaaon Whitebeem Elm Birch

High

Field maple Low

The vegetaaon habitat of the site is divided into ten different categories, each of which has different plannng characteris-cs, and at the same me, they are mutually related. It can be seen that the vegetaaon and wildlife species in the site are rich and diverse, and most of them are important natural conservaaon areas with huge local and eological value.

Oak

Landfill Grassland

Vegetaaon

Riverside & Ponds

Haelth Care

Playing Football

Vegetaaon Crack Willow

Alder

Vegetaaon Value

Camping

Suitable group; Students, Recisidents

Firmiana Simplex

Birch

Ecological Value

Sycamore

Suitable group; Students, Recisidents

Ceiba speciosa

Pennisetum purpureum

Oak

Great wood rush

Acer campestre

Digitaria sanguinalis

Vegetaaon Value

Suitable group; Students, Recisidents

Suitable group; Student,

11

03 Let Time To Paint

[ Planning Concept]

Analysis Flowactivities [ Social

& Circulation ]

Tree Density

Connection to Nature

Tree Height

Current Circulation

Slope

Agrotourism

Craftmanship

0-3 3-6 6-10 10-15 15-23 >23 %

3-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-31 m

High Low

Flat Area with Good Vision

Elevation

Landscape Character Assessment

Footpath Horse track Cycleway Industrial Road Railway

Identify Major Roads

Habitat Restoration

Ancient woodland Woodland cemetery Riverside woodland Sloping vegetation Landfills Narrow trails Moorland Activity loops

Entertainment Sports Sightseeing

170 59 m

Node Filtering & Redefine Form

Project Delivery

Tourisum

Improve Road System plus

plus equal to

Social Structure Supplementary trail

Recreation

Entertainment Sports Sightseeing Footpath Horse track Cycleway Industrial Road Railway Nodes

[ Green network & Green infrastructure]

Let nature paint, give nature a complete growth framework, and then let nature grow by itself over time, using minimal intervention to maximize ecological value. Encourage people to participate in the construction and maintenance of the park, increase connections with surrounding communities, carry out festival activities and increase economic income.

Tree Map

MSPA Analysis

Structure Refine

Fill the Gap

Sun orientation

Market

Solar energy

Core Islet Branch Edge

Tree

Bridge Loop

First-level Habitat Second-level Habitat Stepping Stone Islet

New woodland

Rainwater Camping

Hydrology

Potential Wetland

Current Meadow & Mixed Shrub

Cafe

plus

equal to

plus

Agrotourism

New Meadow & Mixed Shrub

plus equal to

Nature Play

Main runoff General runoff

New meadow New mixed shrub

Wetland Seasonal wetland

High flooding risk Low flooding risk

Cycling

Overall Structure

GI Structure

equal to

Enegry collecting Gardening Running

Bird Watching

Tree walk

Planting

Woodland Mixed shrub Meadow Wild grassland Seasonal wetland Wetland Lawn playground

12

03 Let Time To Paint

[ Strategic master plan - 20 years ]

[ One century phasing chart- Site evolution] EXSITING

20 YEARS

50 YEARS

100 YEARS

Key 1. Park Northen Entrance 2.Allotment 3. Bird Watching Point 4. Music Field 5.Horticulture Garden 6. Orchard & Beehive 7. High Viewpoint 8. Wetland 9. Camping Area 10. Natural Children Playground 11. Outdoor Art Exhibition Area 12. Football Field 13. Cafe 14. Plant & Resort Area 15. Climbing Playground 16. Ski Village 17. Pop-up Market

YEAR

0

2

4

6

8

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

AGRICULTURE STRIP CROPPING

INTRODUCE WETLAND INTRODUCE NATIVE SPECIES

TREES AND SHADE PLANTS

MATURE BIOMATRIX

FILL THE GREEN NETWORK GAP

INTRODUCE MORE 'STEPPING-STONES' AND SMALL HABITATS

NEW GREEN CORRIDOR AROUND THE CENTRE OF THE SITE

MULTIPLE NETWORK

INNOVATION & SOCIETY

ARRANGE ACTIVITY NODES

IMPROVE SOCIAL AND INTERACTION SYSTEM ESTABLISH SHARING PLANTING SYSTEM

MORE LEISURE AND ENTERTAINMENT ACTIVITES IN THE CENTRE

SMART COMMUNITY

INVESTMENT & ECONOMY

CONSTRUCT RESORT HOTEL REOPEN SKI VILLAGE

VILLA FOR LONG-TERM RENT

IMPROVE MARKET SYSTEM WITH THEME TRAIL

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

VITALITY & ECOLOGY

[ Axonometric drawing of Parkwood Springs ]

Longley

Hillsborough

Key 1. Horticulture Garden 2. Wetland 3. Camping Area 4. Natural Children Playground 5. Ski Vila 6. Flower Meadow Playground 7. Park Entrance 8.Market 9. Party Venue & Cafe 10. Pop-up Market 11. Outdoor Art Exhibition Area 12. Football Field 13. Climbing Playground 14. Ski Village 15. New Retails

R

VE RI

Sheffield Greenbelt Existing Woodland New Woodland Wetlands Playground Lawn Wild Grassland Mix Shrubland Activities Area Agricultural strip cropping Footpath Cycleway Boardwalk River Don

DO

Neepsend & Kelham Island

N

Upperthorpe 13

03 Let Time To Paint

[ Landfill restoration and biodiversity ]

PHASE 1 0-20 YEARS

PHASE 2 20-50 YEARS

PHASE 3 50-100 YEARS

Current Landscape

Introduce Wetland

Mature Biomatrix

Agricultural Strip Cropping

Introduce Native Species - Herbs and Shrubs

Trees and shade plants

Herb Perovskia atriplicifolia Cichorium intybus Malva moschata Stipa splendens Calamagrostis macrolepis Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bothriochloa ischaemum Trifolium repens

Tree Acer pseudoplatanus Fagus sylvatica (Beech) Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) Quercus petraea (Sessile Oak) Malus sylvestris (European Crab Apple) Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan) Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) Alnus glutinosa (Alder) Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn) Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut) Betula (Silver Birch)

Corn

Soybean

Shrub Euonymus europaeus Ilex aquifolium Cornus sanguinea Viburnum opulus

Wheat

Nitrogen fixation Improve soil quality

When the soil reaches the appropriate depth, the site catchment points can be constructed into small wetlands.

Wetland Plants Equisetum ramosissimum Juncus effusus Alisma Plantago Caltha Palustris Carex Pendula Lythrum salicaria Mentha pulegium

Fern Pteridium aquilinum Blechnum spicant Polypodium vulgare Dryopteris filix-mas Dryopteris affinis agg.

Polystichum setiferum

Depth increasing

Top Soil Barrier Layer Low Permeability Soil Gas Venting Soil 10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 14

[ Commercial street ]

04

FLE XIBLE WATER School work, Campus Landscape design Personal Work Panjin,Dalian University of Technology Academic advisor,Jiao Yang 2018.05-2018.07

Description of design This is a campus landscape design. The university is located in Panjin city of China with a very regular building layout. There is a large area of unnecessary hard surface on the campus, and it also lacks places suitable for students and teachers to stay and relax.

The river revetment is hard, boring and very unecological.

This design is carried out by redesigning the water system, aims to create a flexible and vibrant campus centre landscape. As well as strengthen the continuity of the campus landscape layout structure, increase the green spaces with diversified greening methods, and provide suitable habitat for wild animals while meeting people's outdoor activity requirements.

15

04 Flexible Water

[ Site analysis ]

[ Scheme generation ]

[The corridor-problem- low utilization & repressive ] The entrance A

Under the corridor B

[ Tear down the corridor ]

C

[The river-problem- lack of energy & hydrophilic space & not ecological ] The river B

1

D

C

E

[The courtyard-problem- lack green space ] The courtyard F

[ Site research ]

[ Divide the space --main people flow] 3

[ Expand the water ] 2

[ Detailed plan ＆ courtyard generation] 4

There is a long corridor in the campus, which divides the layout of the campus into two parts. In our research we found the corridor utilization rate is low, few people passed by here. And because the corridor is 8 meters high, which is unfavorable to the lighting condition of the lower space, I decided to tear down the corridor to leave more space for landscape design, so as to increase the vitality of the site.

In the scheme design, I divided the plane layout with the main flow of teachers and students. I expanded the area of the water, surround the site with rivers and set landscape nodes around the river to increase the interest and functionality of the site.In the design of the river bank, I used a variety of ecological revetment design methods.

Because I also want to provide a suitable environment for wild animals.

[ Proposed campus framework ]

The river is not ecological

E B

DE NT

FLO W

The street is repressive.

ST

U

IN MA

F

The square is too big.

120m

D

M AI N

140m

H AC TE W FLO

C

ER

A

The river is boring.

16

04 Flexible Water

[ Master plan ] 1.East gate 2.Entrance square 3.Dry fountain square 4.Near water platform 5.Floating island 6.Gallery frame 7.Waterfront stage 8.Music fountain 9.Outdoor coffee area 10.Roof ganden 11.Flower meadow

1 6

1

10 7

8 5

-0.400

±0.000

9

1

3

2.400

2

2

2 -1.500

1.500

4

-2.130

11

0m 10m 30m

17

04 Flexible Water

[ Ecological revetment ]

[ Waterfront space ]

[ Greening and drainage ]

[ Ecological revetment ] Shallow pool

[ Type of space ]

1

A

B

C

4 2

B C

I

1

3

D

E

F

G

H

I

F E

A

D

2

3

H

4

The water system of the site is divided into shallow water area and deep water area. I applied four ecological revetment methods in the design which can provide suitable habitats for wildlife, such as duck, reed warbler, frog, fish and dragonfly.

There are nine different waterfront spaces along the river. I re-designed the existing riverbank to activate the waterfront landscape by adding vegetation and hydrophilic spaces.

Near the commercial street, there are many small interesting spaces, such as river-side platforms and stairs, a small theatre and a musical fountain, which can provide people with outdoor space to stay and relax. On the east side of the square, I designed a skating plaza, also small pocket gardens to create a quiet place for students to study.

I wish to transform the riverside into a dynamic place, not just an empty square with regular trees.

I hope to active the vitality of the site through such design and provide a better outdoor life for people on the campus.

[ 2-2 Section 1:450 ]

25.000

1.500 ±0.000 -1.500 -2.200 18

[ Aerial view ]

05

NATURE PAVILION School work, Urban open space design Personal Work Shenyang,Middle street Academic advisor,Chen Yu 2017.03-2017.05 Description of design

效果图

The site is located in the city centre of Shenyang city, link with a famous historical pedestrian street - 'Middle Street'. It is near a big shopping centre, with a very busy vehicle and people flow. The most interesting part is, it is at the end of the axis of Shenyang Imperial Palace and plays a pivotal role in connecting 'Shenyang imperial palace' and 'Middle Street'. However, the current situation here is not optimistic, most of the site was used as a parking lot, and the mixed flow of people and cars has caused a lot of problems. This design attempts to provide a green public place full of energy and potential for leisure and entertainment by creating urban open public space with diverse functions. Aims to strengthen the spatial connection between the commercial district and historical attractions, and improve the quality of life of surrounding residents.

19

05 Nature Pavilion

[ Site analysis ]

[ Surrounding analysis ]

NORTHEAST OF CHINA

LIAONING PROVINCE

HEPING DISTRICT

parking

People flow Car flow

temporary dump

temple 建筑出入口

人流车流

site sanitation worker’s lounge

[ Surrounding environment function ]

[ Function of space in site ]

[ Traffic conditions ]

[ Population of users ] Opportunity and challenge The site is located in the prosperous business circle of Shenyang , close to Shenyang Imperial Palace, and at the end of the perimeter line of the imperial palace building. There is a large flow of people. However, the peripheral parking phenomenon is chaotic and the mixed flow of people is serious.

Shoppers

35%

Employees

15%

Residents

22%

Students

8%

Travalers

12%

Sanitation workers

8%

There is a temporary rest shed for sanitation workers in the site, so there will be more sanitation workers in the site during 11:00-13:30 every day. Therefore, the function is added in the building.

[ Problems ＆solutions ] ild GS l bu on N I ca ina ILD ori h BU hist f C L A ny lic o IC a R O re m pub ST a re et HI ere f the l stre h T so a rci ing me m co

[ Current situation ]

[ After design ] coexistence of people and vehicles vehicle lane

coexistence of people and vehicles sidewalk

sidewalk

Separate roads

SHENYANG MIDDLE STREET

With a history of 400 years, this street is the most important commercial pedestrian street in shenyang.

SITE 15min

Lack of attraction EP

Lo c of ate di s h pa n lac enya the ro ya e is ng i eas bu l s m t t ild acr he m per ing ific i a a gro ial nch l up anc u ien . t

8min 5min 3min

TH

Peo ARKIN p GL OT car le pre s by fer to p bec the ar a s cha use th ide of k their ep rge t he ark sf the ro roa ees. B ing lo ad dm t ne ut t ore h a cro is mak rby D wd W ed. es M EL w ost LIN Th ere of t G D th ere bui hes IST l R e co fore ted e re ICT m , t ar sid m he ou e un n n ity gre d 1 tial is en 99 are no ra 3. as t h te igh in .

10min

Axis node vacancy

20

05 Nature Pavilion

[ Landscape tunnel ]

[ Master plan ] 1.Main enterance 2.Flower meadow 3.Activities plaza 4.Music stage 5.Water fall 6.Elderly fitness plaza 7.Truck temporary parking lot 8.Activities aquare 9.Children playing space 10.Small grass slope 11.Dry fountain plaza 12.Landscape sculpture 13.Great lawn 14.Landscape tunnel 15.Temple

[ Outdoor catering area ]

1 7

8

4

2

6 3

5

[ Dry fountain plaza ] 10

9

2

2

11

[ Main entrance ] 12

1

13

14

1

15

0m 10m

30m

21

05 Nature Pavilion

[ Explosion chart ]

[ Space function ]

The scheme is designed to solve the existing problems and satisfy functional requirements of the site ,I want to provide diversified activity space in there.

The site is divided into two parts, the north side is the dynamic area and the south side is the quiet area. The first floor area on the north side is composed of children playing space, elderly fitness plaza, dry fountain square, skateboard area,activity square , semi-outdoor teahouse , little theatre and water bar. The second floor is composed of the activity square, music stage, semi-outdoor teahouse area, flower meadow and book reading room. The third floor is the sanitation workers’ lounge.

The south side area consists of a large lawn, waterscape and landscape tunnel. The water surface forms the inverted reflection of the historic building and sets off the quiet landscape atmosphere.

A.children playing space

B.elderly fitness plaza

C.dry fountain square

D.skateboard

E.square

F.landscape tunnel

G.music stage

H.film watching area

I.great lawn

J. pool

M.travalers

N.students

O.sanitation

S.semi-outdoor sitting area

T.lounge area

O

[ Users analysis ]---problem---lack of function G

Q

N

L U

K.emloyees

W

L.residents

[ Resting area ]---problem---lack of resting area E

T D A

K

Y

V

B S

X

P

P.grass slope

Q.flower seat area

R.undergrowth lawn

[ Parking space ]

[ Community space ]

C

I U.water fall

F

V.plants wall

W.translucent floor

X.parking space

Y.bicycle parking lot

social dancing

dry skating

pop-up stores

[ Activities in the square ]

M J R passing by

square dance

22

05 Nature Pavilion

[ 1-1 Section 1:300 ]

Mongol Oak

Flowering Cherry

Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.

Cerasus serrulata (Lindl.) G. Don ex London

Mono Maple

Boxelder

Acer elegantulum Fang et P. L. Chiu

Acer negundo’Aurea’

Mono Maple

JinshanSpiraea

Acer elegantulum Fang et P. L. Chiu

Spiraea japonica Gold Mound

Chinese scholar tree

SophorajaponicaLinn.

3.800 3.200 ±0.000

Secondary entrance of the shopping mall

Landscape sculpture

Water fall

Set water grass slope

Permeable pavement

Residence

[ 2-2 Section 1:300 ] Iris ensata Thunb

Iris lactea Pall. var.chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz Sprengeri fern

Shinygreen Creeper

Asparagus densiflorus ‘Myers’

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

Dusty Miller

Morning Glory

Senecio cineraria

Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy

Larkspur

Crpress vine

Koyama Spruce

Mono Maple

Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur

Quamoclit pennata (Desr.) Boj.

Picea koraiensis Nakai

Acer elegantulum Fang et P. L. Chiu

Hemerocallis

Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv. et Mey. Rudbeckia

9.000

Rudbeckia laciniata L

6.600

3.200

0.500 ±0.000

Flower meadow

Children playing space

Skateboard plaza

Music stage

Littie theatre

Plants wall

Water fall

Semi-outdoor teahouse

Lawn

23

[Planting Plan]

2 Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu' 1 Betula pendula

06

1 Hydrangea paniculata 'Grandiflora'

6 Milium effusum 'Aureum'

1 Hydrangea paniculata 'Grandiflora' Mix C

Mix A

4 Stipa gigantea

Bulbs Mix A

8 Milium effusum 'Aureum' 6 Stipa gigantea

5 Stipa gigantea

Bulbs Mix A

98.5 99.0

Bulbs Mix B

N

98.5 99.0

98.0

Mix D

99.5

99.0 4 Penstemon 'Raven'

100.0

Mix B

Bulbs Mix B

Mix A

2 Hydrangea paniculata 'Grandiflora'

1 Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum' 1 Lonicera japonica 'Horwood Gem'

5 Salvia nemorosa 'Amethyst'

5 Stipa gigantea 1 Acer pseudoplatanus

[A-A Section] Planting pocket

Marshalls Keykerb Bullnosed Edging Size: 125X125X 127mm Colour: Red Laid: Smooth

Water line

45MIL epdm liner and non-woven geotextile underlayment

[B-B Section]

2 Kolkwitzia amabilis 'Pink Cloud'

50mm compacted coarse/ medium concreting sand (BS EN 12620)

Tobermore Tumbled Concrete Kerb Edging Size: 260x190x 50mm Colour: Bracken Laid: Flush 50mm Mulch

150mm type-1 sub-base

6 Penstemon 'Raven'

50mm Depth organiclock pathway aggergate

150mm type-1 sub-base

Tobermore Tumbled Concrete Kerb Edging Size: 190 x 160 x 100mm Colour: Charcoal Laid: Flush

Marshalls 'Brackendale Cambrian' Sandstone Size: 600 x 400 x 60mm Laid: Stretcher Bond

[C-C Section] 50mm Mulch

Highest water line

]Key]

Beehive rim

ELM EL= 88.70

Planting bed

Wetland

IE OUT= 88.20

In-situ Concrete Foundation: GEN 1 concrete 100mm deep

50mm compacted coarse/medium concreting sand (BS EN 12620)

250mm

400mm topsoil - Lightly consolidated GT Pro-grow Topsoil or similar approved

Consolidated earth 400mm topsoil - Lightly consolidated GT Pro-grow Topsoil or similar approved

Compacted native subgrade

Wood

Non-perforated overflow pipe 100mm -0 Darin Rock, OPT.

Cement

50mm Depth organiclock pathway aggergate Marshalls Keykerb Bullnosed Edging Size: 125X125X 127mm Colour: Red Laid: Smooth Tobermore Tumbled Concrete Kerb Edging Size: 260x190x 50mm Colour: Bracken Laid: Flush

24

07

07

PAINTING WORKS

25

Yus h an S ong Ema il:y ushansong01@ g m a i l .c o m