Harbour Neighbour---a community powered mutual support design (stage 2)

HARBOUR NEIGHBOUR a community powered mutual support design

Design Proposal Report Yushi Yang 470150056

INTRODUCTION

E

mergency response has been a topical and focal issue, especially with people’s increasing awareness of climate change and direct experiences of all kinds of emergencies, either natural or man-made, personal or public, local or global. For average people, on a daily basis, how to get well prepared for, respond swiftly and properly, and recover as soon as possible from emergency situations proves a crucial issue.

Based on the preceding user-centered research and further literature review, several major issues have been focused. Such issues include accommodating broader user groups, especially vulnerable ones, constructing a wellstructured and efficient model of a community-based system, and effectively motivating neighbourhood participation in emergency response.

Working on the above issues, the design work targets a community-based cross-channel & multi-modal emergency response scheme. In order to provide services for users as extensive as possible, flexible choices are presented in terms of both channels and modes to cater for users’ physical mobile and cognitive ability and media use habits. A cross-channel community-based model is adopted to collaboratively offer synchronized but less redundant communication in the hope to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. Tangible materials and digital ones are linked but can also function independently up to their own capacity. What’s more, playing crucial roles in encouraging people’s participation, media contents are designed, with reference to the basic phases of emergency response, to help get users prepared on everyday practices as well as to offer instant information on emergency occasions.

The design work has adopted iterative approaches. The general process is depicted as follows.

•

Yushi Yang

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DESIGN PROCESS SUMMARY Rapid Prototyping—Iteration Phase I (with 6 initial concepts) Prototyping method: Ideation + Sketchy prototyping

Design

Analysis

Research

Review

User testing method: Lateral thinking/Group discussion Number of testers: 6

Evolutionary Prototyping +

Background Research

Critical analysis

User Research

User needs generation

Iteration Phase II (with selected concepts)

Further Research Testing

Testing

A Refining Iterative Process Testing Testing

Feedbacks Feedbacks Grow

Testing

Feedbacks

Grow

Ana ly desi sis+ gn

Iteration phase I

Rapid Prototyping

A +d naly es sis ig n

Iteration phase II

Iteration phase III

Evolutionary Prototyping

Testings

To Final Version

Iteration Phase III (with a revised concept)

Task 1

Task 1

Prototyping method: Paper prototyping

Prototyping method: Paper prototyping

User testing method: Think aloud protocol

User testing method: Think aloud protocol

Number of testers: 2

Number of testers: 2

Task 2

Task 2

Prototyping methods: Storyboard+Paper prototyping

Prototyping methods: Storyboard+Paper prototyping

User testing method: Think aloud protocol

User testing method: Think aloud protocol

Number of testers: 2

Number of testers: 2

Task 3

Task 3

Prototyping methods: Storyboard+Paper prototyping

Prototyping methods: Storyboard+Paper prototyping

User testing method: Think aloud protocol

User testing method: Think aloud protocol

Number of testers: 2

Number of testers: 2 User testing method: Post-experience questionnaires Number of respondents: 7 Yushi Yang

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BACKGROUND RESEARCH

User needs summary From the preceding user-centred research, the following needs have been identified

Target users Individuals or households from the same neighbourhoods

Expectation for and enthusiasm about participation in emergency response -Real-time & real-place participation -Prompt assistance in immediate area

Diversity of media use

Community property management personnels

-Multi-media supported -A combination of online and offline spaces

Community based emergency scheme -Enhancement of neighbourhood ties

Particularly, the vulnerable groups in emergencies and conventional media users will be addressed in the design.

Yushi Yang

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BACKGROUND RESEARCH Key Findings of the User-Centred Research

Further Research Topics

• Digital-media-only is not

enough to cater for wider scope of user groups and media using habits.

• Community• Digital-Physical

• Community bond is generally

aloof, despite of extensive use of digital media and close juxtaposition of residence.

Integration Scheme

based interactive design

• Emergency • General response • Initiative and enthusiasm are identified, although limited contribution is reported to have been made previously.

cycle

principles for interactive design

Yushi Yang

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FURTHER RESEARCH There is an increasing awareness of the critical importance of building neighbourhood relationships for community resilience.

Major approaches or media: Worldwide, researches, projects, campaigns , even local or national governmental schemes aim to promote community emergency response by strengthening neighbourhood ties.

• Australia Neighbour Day campaign

Image source: neighbourday.org

• Neighbourhood Liaison Program

Image source: Redwoodcity.org

• Building neighbourhood social • Neighbours helping resilience project

neighbours program

“ A growing number of cities and countries are taking steps to transform their residents from victims to active partners with local government in emergency preparedness, planning and response.

—Institute of Local Government of City of Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. “Experts who respond to emergencies say relationshipbuilding before an event is a key to helping communities to cope with tragedy.”

— John Davis

Image source: vancouver.ca

1. Offline activities and events (parties, games, outdoor movie show, etc.

2. Conversation board for sharing information or life hacks

3. Neighbourhood social groups via application for general public

4. Websites to provide suggestions and plans

Image source: ready.com

Critical thinking: Basically, most of the approaches to enhance neighbourhood bond for emergency response can be described as physical.

An organically integrated system combining different media and targeting particularly to emergency response is rarely seen. In such an age of high digital-technology-dependence, how to make full use of digital materials together with tangible ones is of crucial importance.

Yushi Yang

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There are trends of multi-modal and cross-channel design in interaction.

Multi-modality

Multi-media

Cross-channel

V.S.

• Multimodal interaction

provides the user with multiple modes of interacting with a system

Multi-channel

V.S.

• An interactive system, that

provides information via several output channels and offers several devices for user input

‘A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairment or situationally impaired.‘

—Holly.S Vitense

• To accomplish a task, people could jump between channels to take advantages of the strengths and of particular functions of different channels.

•

To accomplish a task, there are various channels for people to choose from start to finish

‘Seamless, cross-channel experiences are the way of the future, as technology fades into the background and the personal, physical, and social context determine the methods we use to interact with information.’

—Tyler Tate

Critical thinking: The entire journey of emergency response involves a variety of activities through different channels and involves an extended user groups and contexts. Effectiveness and efficiency of the designed work and its broadest usability should be given particular consideration.

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Preparedness is generally considered crucial in efficient and effective emergency response. However, relevant researches and surveys show that the situation is far from satisfactory and lack of knowledge, skills and supplements is one of the prime barriers in this case.

•

FEMA’s Four-phase Emergency management cycle

New Zealand Disaster Preparedness Survey 2018

United States Household Survey Results on Individual and Community Preparedness 2018

Image source: community.fema.gov The key to reducing loss of life, personal injuries, and damage from natural

disasters is widespread public awareness and education. People must be made

aware of what natural hazards they are likely to face in their own communities.

They should know in advance what specific preparations to make before an event, what to do during a hurricane, earthquake, flood, fire, or other likely event, and what actions to take in its aftermath.

Image source: civildefense.govt.nz

Image source: community.fema.gov

——Richard E. Hallgren.

Critical thinking: A community-based emergency response scheme could play a role in neighbourhood emergency management. In developing the contents of the scheme, the lifecycle of emergency management may function as a guidance.

Particularly, helping community members get prepared for emergencies via cross-channel and multimodal facilities should be made an important and routine work.

Yushi Yang

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General principles for interaction design ‘People interpret the world

‘When working on UI design, to increase

Apply Fitts’s Law* to interactive elements

the efficiency of an interaction, try to not only reduce distances and increase target sizes, but also reduce the total number of targets that users must interact with to complete a given task.’

— Nick Babich

Make it comfortable to interact with a product

Reduce cognitive load

Promote visual clarity

Protect user’s work and information

Functional Consistency

Digital Make user interfaces consistent

Reduce the number of actions required to complete a task

Create community through shared experiences

Keep it simple and stupid

Physical

Design accessible interface/ system Place users in control of the interface

Visual consistency

Eliminate all elements that are not helping your users

Make actions reversible Create an easy-tonavigate interface

Accomodate users with different skill levels

based on their context, a

Think about the users and environment

physical experience is no different. It’s important to take into account the spaces and environments that bookend an

Enable community connection

experience.’

—Ripen Deleon

Give-andtake rewarding relationship

Engage all the senses change overtime occupy space

Meet people where they are

Fitts’s Law* states that the time to acquire a target is a function of the distance to and size of the target. This means that it’s better to design large targets for important functions (big buttons are easier to interact with).

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Persona type: Virtuous kind strong mum Name: Jenny Occupation: Restaurant manager Age: 39 Family members: A young kid đ&#x;‘Ś and an elderly mum đ&#x;‘ľ Gender: Female

PERSONAS

Persona type: Popular wise elder Name: Mr. Wong Occupation: Retired high school headmaster đ&#x;Ž“ Age: 68 Gender: Male

Backstory: Wong is a retired high school headmaster who enjoys a good reputation among his colleagues and community friends.

He goes to the community park on wheel chair to play chess with several old friends who live in the same neighbourhood. Although there is no more teaching burden, he never stops thinking actively and is willing to embrace new things.

Motivations: ‣ To try new technology ‣ To get actively involved in the neighbourhoods ‣ To contribute to community emergency response ‣ To take care of each other

Frustrations: ‣ Connection gaps between different age groups ‣ New technology challenge to him and his elder friends ‣ Poor eye visions and needs to be taken care of due to relatively poor health condition

Ideal experience/goals/aspirations/feelings: ‣ A designed physical gathering spot where people in the community can meet offline and share information on a daily basis. ‣ A more user-friendly application interface for the elderly on the smartphone. For example, larger and more simple buttons; reduced steps of finishing a task. ‣ A more mixed interactivity among different age groups in the community. ‣ Share and learn life experiences from neighbourhood friends.

Backstory: ‣ Jenny is a single mum who lives with her 8-year-old kid and her mother who has a poor health condition.

She goes to work early in the morning and returns home late in the evening. Due to this situation, she prepares the food for the whole family the night before. She has no complain about her tough life but she really worries about her mother and son.

Motivation: ‣ To get prompt notification of her family when she is away ‣ To get immediate help from neighbours on emergency occasions ‣ To share her recipes and cooking skills in return ‣ To learn practical emergency skills Frustrations: ‣ Challenges for mother and son to use smart devices ‣ Some reluctance to review family situation ‣ Lack of confidence of her own sharing Ideal experience/goals/aspirations/feelings: ‣ An easy-to-operate terminal for her mother to understand and use. ‣ More health information about senior care and child care from the experienced ones in her community. ‣ A stronger connection among neighbours who can offer immediate help.

Quote:

Quote:

‘ Although I am a retired old fellow, I can still feel something running energetically in my bloodstream. I realise my main battlefield has shifted to the neighbourhood. I would like to take an active part in the community life and stay connected to my community friends.’ Image source: https://uyghuramerican.org/article/chinas-great-famine-true-story.html

‘Basically, I sacrificed my personal life in order to take care of my mother who is unwell and my little kid. It was the right thing to do. Besides, I have a restaurant to operate, where all the restaurant employees depend on me. I really wish someone who live nearby can help me to keep an eye on my family while I am absent.’ Yushi Yang

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Image source: https://www.masterfile.com/search/en/middle+aged+chinese+housewife

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS & CONSTRAINTS

System Requirements

Constraints

• Minimum requirement of user’s physical, mobile, cognitive abilities

• Reliable neighbourhood

intranet around the clock

• Operational requirement

especially vulnerable groups.

alternatives for users to interact with

• Database constraints

It takes long time to gather geolocation of neighbours and verify personal information

• Facing all types of users, • Providing multiple

• Technical Constraints

Data connection among three parts of the system (digital app, physical hub, hint smart band)

24h

• Maintainability requirement

Online network and offline physical hub need regular maintenance

• Business Constraints • Budgets

• High requirement for the built environment in the neighbourhood

• Open space to set up the physical facilities

• Several spots to set up

multiple the facility to cover certain radius of residents

• Strong community bond

Research and development of the system; Realisation of products; Maintenance administration and support fee;...

• Schedule mandates

• Material Constraints

• Surface material

User friendly surface materials

• Structural material

Robust and solid physical structure

• Regulatory Constraints • Legal content

• Safety requirement User information protection

Yushi Yang

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RAPID PROTOTYPING — ITERATION PHASE I Main goal

Identified Needs via User Feedbacks

A neighbourhood mutual-aid emergency response system

• Not proper for sake of • Not necessary for a new security and privacy

shelter to be established

Initial Concepts Community-based intra-network

Participation

User data collection

• Necessary or desirable

Virtual+Physical Scheme

As broad user groups as possible

Gathering space

Minimal operation device for vulnerable groups Add modes such as voice, visual, audio,...

Security and privacy protection Cost-effective Yushi Yang

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EVOLUTIONARY PROTOTYPING — ITERATION PHASE II Content Design

Structure Design Cross-channel design

As

Virtual+Physical Scheme

Community-based intra-network

On daily basis

Emergency

Further Needs Identified Clearer and more simple user interface • Offline physical facilities

Multimodal design

For

• Online digital application

• Electronic device

As broad user groups as possible

Home page

• Neighbourhood events • Neighbourhood news

Emergency notification page

• Location map • Help seeker information • Supplement information

Emergency report page

• Emergency types • Report emergency

More direct and efficient notification Allow multiple media uploading options More personalised design

Modes

Accessibility of physical facility Portability of electronic device

Physical supplement hub in the community with touch screen

Keypad and supplement drawer of the physical supply hub

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EVOLUTIONARY PROTOTYPING — ITERATION PHASE III Streamlined app interface

Home page • New user notification

• Neighbourhood news& events • Life experience sharing columns • User profile page

Visual and audio effects for more direct notification

Emergency notification page

• Large Location map • Help seeker information • Supplement information

More modes for wider users and contexts

Emergency report page

• Emergency type fast selection • Report emergency • ‘000’

Emergency mode: Colour Red

Accessible physical hub design

Daily mode: Colour Blue

Wearable electronic device

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Structural Model

Content Design Example — Get Prepared

• Cross-channel • Multi-model ‣A

cross-channel community-based model is adopted t o o ff e r s y n c h ro n i s e d b u t l e s s re d u n d a n t communication in the hope to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the system.

• Scheduled community emergency drill

‣ Tangible materials and digital ones are linked but also function independently up to their own capacity.

i Electron c device

Online digital app

Offline physical facility

• Online emergency skills training

• Collecting and making emergency plan

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USER TESTING —TASK 1 Share one of your life hack tips to the neighbourhood with Prototype 2.0 Interface part/Location

Verbal Protocol

Strengths

Weaknesses

Home page

I’ll click the POST HERE button

Easy to locate the button

—

Life hack post page -brief introduction -category selection

1. ‘The brief intro is easy 10 minutes quarantine meal’ 1. Simple and clear steps to introduce 2. ‘emmm..... I’m not sure which category I should select. your topic Emergency? Or cooking and recipe? Maybe there can be 2. Multiple category selections a more accurate option.’

The category is not concise and accurate enough to meet each and different content from users

Photo upload page

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. No video upload option 2. No maximum file size 3. No limitation of file numbers

Upload successful notification Return to home page

Virtual user testing via Zoom. Meeting conducted and recorded on May 10th.

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‘How many photos can I upload one time?’

‘Can I upload videos?’

‘What’s the maximum media size?’

Click on 4 photos Tao upload button

1. I have successfully uploaded my photos 2. Click on RETURE HOME

1. Clear thumbnails of photos from user’s smartphone 2. Easy to upload

Easy to locate the button

—

1. Can I see my post and how my neighbours think about it? One can see his or her ranking changes So far, people are not able to see the status of the 2. Oh my ranking is up! in the neighbourhood post.

Inspirations Keep the exiting style and arrangement 1. Develop major group title and related subgroups for easier selections.

2. Create simple logos for each category for easier recognition.

1. Enable photo and video upload options 2. Limited size and numbers of media to ensure a simple and fluent interface experience Keep the exiting style and arrangement Enable a window to check the status of people’s post. Like, share or subscribe.

USER TESTING —TASK 1 Share one of your life hack tips to the neighbourhood with Prototype 3.0 Interface part/Location

Verbal Protocol

Strengths

Potential Future Improvement

Home page (Neighbourhood news & events neighbourhood life hack sharing)

I’ll click the POST HERE button

Easy to locate the button

Keep the exiting style and arrangement

Life hack post page -brief introduction -category selection

1. ‘The brief intro is easy 10 minutes quarantine meal’ 1. Simple and clear steps to introduce your topic 2. Clicked on Food&Recipe. ‘ It’s easy to choose one category.’ 2. Multiple category selections

Photo upload page

1. Selected 5 photos and 1 video 2. Pressed upload button

Upload successful notification Return to home page (Neighbourhood news & events neighbourhood life hack sharing)

1. I have successfully uploaded my photos 2. Click on RETURE HOME 1. Can I see my post and how my neighbours think about it?

2. Oh my ranking is up!

1. Clear thumbnails of photos and videos 2. Easy to upload 3. Limitation for media sizes and numbers

1.Keep the exiting style and arrangement 2. Further research should be conducted to include more specific categories to select from Keep the exiting style and arrangement

Easy to locate the button

Keep the exiting style and arrangement

One can see his or her ranking changes in the neighbourhood

Enable a window to check the status of people’s post. Like, share or subscribe.

USER TESTING —TASK 2 To get emergency supplement via Prototype 2.0 Interface part/Location Home page (Change from everyday mode to emergency mode)

Emergency information page

Supplement checklist & locations

Passcode

Get the supplement

Verbal Protocol

Strengths

Weaknesses

Oh... the interface changed from blue to red when emergency happens in my neighbourhood

Immediate colour code changes to raise the awareness of neighbours in the community

It may not work if the user is not using his smartphone at the moment.

Alternatives to report emergency issues should be considered: wearable gadgets/physical community kiosk...

1. The colour red does raise the awareness of emergency issues.

2. Quickly shows geographical distance between you and the help seeker 3. Quickly shows the type of emergency

1. The interface is too complicated with no clear emphasis 2. Privacy issue is a crucial problem. Personal information should be protected 3. Confusing steps like ‘what do you need?’

4. No hierarchy

1. ‘Should be checklist not what do you need right?’ It’s good to show the checklist here. I can check if there is any at home first.’

2. ‘I can see the location of the nearest hub. I clicked on the spot but nothing shows. It’s a bit confusing.’

3. ‘I clicked on offer help. Will the help seeker receive my message?’

1. Clear structured steps 2. Clear location maps

1. No detailed information after clicking each hub on the map 2. The message does not reach the help seeker

1. Be precise; create an interface with hierarchy; introduce floating windows.

2. Create different map style to respond different residential types. Enable zoom-in and zoom-out functions.

3. User information should be coded and information of help seekers can only be accessed during emergency period.

4. Change ‘What do you need” to ‘ Check the first aid supplement’

1. ‘I can see my code 635’ 2. ‘This is the nearest route to the hub, I will follow it.’

3. ‘What if someone receives the code earlier than me?’

1. Clear and simple passcode 2. Clear location map

1. ‘ This map doesn’t match my type of residence. I live in an apartment. This seems like bunch of single-detached dwellings.

2. ‘ Is it safe to show the unit number to everyone?’

3. ‘ What do I need? I don’t really understand.’ Clicked on the button to see what do you need.

1. Enter the code on the keypad 2. Take the supplement from the specific drawer

Virtual user testing via Zoom. Meeting conducted and recorded on May 12th.

Yushi Yang

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1.Easy manual put-in 2. Automatic allocations

High possibility of repetitive code distributions to multiple helpers 1. No simple instruction diagrams on the machine.

2. Power off condition?

Inspiration

1. List the supplement in the first section 2. Design floating windows to show the details of the hub (status of the supply; number of respondents...)

3. Send the notification to the help seeker; He or she can see the number of respondents.

Clearly show the status: the code has sent to.../someone is heading to the supply hub/...

Put simple and easy-to-read instruction alongside the machine and keypad

USER TESTING —TASK 2 To get emergency supplement via Prototype 3.0 Interface part/Location Home page (Change from everyday mode to emergency mode)

Emergency information page

Supplement checklist & locations

Passcode

Showing the route

Take the supplement

Verbal Protocol

Strengths

1.‘Oh there is an emergency issue in our neighbourhood!’

2. Tapped code to see the detail

1.

2.

3.

4.

1. ‘Mr Chong is in need of help right now.’

2. ‘I’ll not share his personal information to others is there is no emergency.’

3. Clicked on Check the supplement

1. The colour red does raise the awareness of emergency issues.

2. Provide basic information of the help seeker to the heroes 3. Special notice to remind people of privacy protection

1. I need ...,... and .... for the emergency 2. Tapped the code to see details of the supplement

1. Clearly shows what are needed for the emergency. One can check if there is any at home first 2. Clear location map showing the distance of the sully hub 3. Enable zoom-in and zoom-out functions

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

‘I can see my code 1347.’

‘This is the nearest route to the hub, I will follow it.’

‘No one has claimed the supplement. I will take it.”

Pressed the button to send help message to the help seeker

Immediate colour code changes to raise the awareness of neighbours in the community Use code to protect help seeker’s privacy Quickly shows geographical distance between you and the help seeker Clearly shows the type of emergency

Clearly shows the status of the supplement Clear location map to zoom in and out Clear and simple passcode Inform the help seeker at once

Potential Future Improvement Add sound and vibration notification in the case of emergency

Further technical solution to help protect user information

Add images of the supplement

Read aloud the passcode

1. ‘First I should go to the hub and then go to his place’ 2. The route is very clear

1.Clearly shows the steps 2. Enable zoom in and zoom out

Enable audio navigation

1. Enter the passcode 2. Pressed 1,3,4,7 3. Took supplement from drawer E07

1. Simple 2 steps to get the supplement 2. Clear and large notepad to press

Enable audio instruction

1 3 4 7

1 3 4 7

USER TESTING —TASK 3 To seek for help during emergency via Prototype 2.0 Interface part/Location Home page (New user instructions in emergency situations)

Emergency type selection page

Send help via ‘HIT‘

Verbal Protocol

Strengths

Weaknesses

‘I think it is not obvious enough to see the new user notice. It might be too small.’

Introduce emergency mode and how to seek for help at the beginning of the application.

Not significant enough. Too small to recognise.

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Use one page or a floating window to display the message and instruction to enhance the significance

1. Too complicated 1. ‘Well, i think its too complicated for me to select the type. It’s too specific. I can imagine 2. No hierarchy of it’s likely like I don’t have the time to read through each word when emergency comes. emergency types 1. Immediate Colour change from It should be as simple as possible.’

3. No following-up light blue to red to make the 2. ‘ I reckon household emergencies are the most common emergencies in the selections options more recognisable. neighbourhood. It’s too behind to see.’

4. No option for ‘000’ call 3. ‘ What if i don’t have my smartphone with me when emergency strikes?’ in case of severe emergencies

1. Be simple as possible: sudden injuries/ household emergency/call triple 000 2. Create sub types after selection( floating windows or next page) 3. Enable emergency report functions 4. Alternative methods to report an emergency should be considered

1.

2.

3.

4.

1. Write simple instruction along side or directly on the back of the gadget 2. Add a band to make it wearable 3. Voice put out instruction

‘It could be better to have the instruction printed on the gadget’ ‘Clicked twice to activate; Voice put in’ ‘Hold for 3 seconds to send 000 to authorities’ ‘It could be easier for kids and the elderly to wear around the wrist.’

Virtual user testing via Zoom. Meeting conducted and recorded on May 13th.

Yushi Yang

Inspiration

1. Simple tap and hold to send help 2. User friendly to kids, the elderly, the deaf and the blind.

1. Simple instruction needed 2. Not wearable at the moment

USER TESTING —TASK 3 STORYBOARD To seek for help during emergency via Prototype 3.0 Interface part/Location

Verbal Protocol

Strengths

Potential Future Improvement

Home page (New user instructions in emergency situations)

‘I think it is clear enough to draw attention from new users.

Introduce emergency mode and how to seek for help at the beginning of the application.

Keep the existing style or create floating window for notification

1. ‘I think its very straightforward, which is good for people to make a selection as quickly as possible when emergency happens.’

2. ‘Household emergencies are the most common emergencies in the neighbourhood. It’s good to place it on top.’

3. Clicked on household emergency and turned up multiple detailed selections afterwards

1. Immediate Colour change from light blue to red to make the options more recognisable.

2. Simple and straightforward emergency type selections 3. Offer ‘000’ call

Further research on emergency types and create a more hierarchical help system

1.

2.

3.

4.

1. Simple tap and hold to send help 2. User friendly to kids, the elderly, the deaf and the blind.

3. Wearable design 4. Monitor blood pressure, blood oxygen and heart beat 5. Alarm system included

Keep the existing style and improve the function of health monitoring

Emergency type selection page

Send help via ‘HIT‘

‘I can hear the instruction played by the gadgets.’

‘Clicked twice to activate; Voice put in’ ‘Hold for 3 seconds to send 000 to authorities’ Put on the wrist to monitor blood pressure, heartbeat, blood oxygen,...

Yushi Yang

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STORYBOARD

Scenario

Online digital app

Smart electronic device

Self-service hub

Mr. Wong lives alone in an apartment building. It was around 12 o’clock in the afternoon when he fell over himself. He then used his HINT button to seek for help from neighbours.

Virtual mobile application

HINT wearable device

Physical supplement hub

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PRECEDENTS 1 Precedents Building Resilient Neighbourhoods (BRN)

Physical feature：Shared emergency supply bench

• What’s included in the bench?

BRN

www.resilientneighbourhoods.ca

is a collaborative effort to help create more resilient communities and neighbourhoods in British Columbia. It is currently delivered and hosted by the non-profit Building Resilient Neighbourhoods Society.

First aid kits

Water purification equipment

‘Resilient Street’ are places where neighbours: Bulletin board

Know each other and over time develop strong ties

Share resources and other items (like tools, sports equipment, etc.)

Are available to help each other out in small or sometimes big ways

Are able to cooperate and share leadership in street or building issues and activities

‘Before the program, neighbours seldom reached out to talk. ...Now, we often get together for parties and help one another with projects and events. We support each other with house/pet sitting, sharing gardens/harvest, sharing tools, repairing equipment. It has transformed my street into the type of community that can deal with anything, good or bad.’

—Street member of Leonard Street in Victoria, British Columbia

Solar powered charger

Image source: https://www.neighbourlab.com/hub-001-leonard-st

• Strengths ‣ Encouraging concept the enhance the

• Weaknesses ‣ So far, there is no example showing an collaboration online&offline

‣

‣ ‣

‣

neighbourhood ties on a daily basis Neighbours share resources with each other to reduce time and extra financial burden Well organised by the neighbourhood committee

‣ ‣

digital interactive solutions Limitation of emergency supplies included in the physical features There is only one supply station in the big community at the moment Not accessible for people on wheelchairs No emergency precaution functions

Strengths of Neighbour Harbour Physical Hub：

‣ As an offline ‣ ‣

neighbourhood meeting and communication spot Neighbours can deposit and take things using the hub drawers Simple colour mode changes to indicate different situation

‣ Touchable screen ‣ Enable printable copies of ‣ ‣ ‣

emergency plans and daily sharing contents Multiple supplements in storage to cope with various kinds of emergencies Accessible design and ergonomic design for children and the elderly Multiple hubs are established in the community to cover certain range of resident Yushi Yang

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PRECEDENTS 2 Precedents Nextdoor provides social networking services

Image source:https://apps.apple.com/au/app/get-prepared/id1292194053

for people that helps people communicate with their neighbours. It is the neighbourhood hub for trusted connections and the exchange of helpful information, goods, and services.

• Slogan:

When neighbourhood starts talking, things get easier.

• Key functions: The private social network for your neighbourhood.

• However, there are some critical issues about Nextdoor ‘The reality of this site is something entirely different. Not all neighbours are “nice people,” and in this, Nextdoor simply ignores the possibility that there are mentally maladjusted individuals that can stalk and even harm you. This is especially true in their “National and State Politics” section, where even if you “mute” a nasty neighbour, they can still IM you with threats, innuendoes, and sexual overtones.‘ ——S. Novi. ‘The Ugly Dirty Truth about Nextdoor’ No allowance for nicknames, real names are compulsory for joining the network Little to no immediate and practical help Unsuccessful content management

‣ Inevitable sexual harassment ‣ Contain racially charged jokes and cuss words Buy & sell household Hire nearby pros & items sitters

Get crime and safety alerts

• Strengths ‣ Application on a daily basis ‣ Private local social network ‣ Ask for advice and exchange ‣

information among neighbours All members are verified for the sake of safety

Find neighbourhood recommendations

Stay updated on news

Communicate Yourself to neighbours

• Weaknesses ‣ No specific emphasis on emergency ‣ Privacy issue ‣ Information not up-to-date ‣ Poor supervision on contents ‣ Crowded information with poor organisation

Nextdoor: When a neighourhood website turns unneighbourly ——Martha Ross, The Mercury News

Strengths of Harbour Neighbour Digital Application

‣ Users’ personal information ‣ ‣

is thoughtfully protected and coded User profile is displayed to the hero only during emergencies Simple and careful selection of contents to be displayed on the interface

‣ Scheduled online maintenance and content management ‣ Community based intra-network with no interference from outsiders

‣ Simple and efficient ways to report issues ‣ The network is linked to the police system and emergency department to ensure safety Yushi Yang

yyan2194

PRECEDENTS 3 Precedents Flic Smart Button

• Strengths ‣ Simple and easy to operate ‣ Able to link to any smart devices and

—Control anything with a push https://flic.io

• Three triggers, endless combinations

‣ ‣

• Weaknesses ‣ There is no voice input or voice broadcast function

household systems Easy to carry around and light weight Customisable with stickers to fit any condition

‣ ‣

available so far It’s easy to loose due to its tiny volume There is no signal light on the device to indicate different conditions or to make warnings in emergency situations

In terms of user needs: Push

Double push

Hold

• Accessible to the older adults and young kids • Least skill requirement

• No voice input or broadcast function for the blind • No emergency precaution or report system

Image source: https://flic.io

• Easy to adjust and change

Strengths of Hint：

Special emergency functions:

Simple functions: Double-tap to activate

Sticks to any surface

Replaceable battery Speak when light up

Customisable with stickers

Image source: https://flic.io

Hold ‘H’ button for 3 seconds

Rigid metal clip

Send transcribed information

Watch band

Red lights turns up

Send location to authorities

• Wearable design, easy to carry around • Equipped with heart rate, blood pressure and blood oxygen monitor • Voice input and broadcast functions available • Clear visual indication of conditions by • Voice alert and vibration activates when different colours of lights

urgent health condition occurs Yushi Yang

yyan2194

DISCUSSION PRECEDENTS Generally, the original user needs are well responded. In addition, through iterative design, extra and more concrete and detailed needs of users are further identified and responded.

Advantages and unique features Neighbourhood focused A community powered scheme to enable prompt help during emergency situations with a collective mind and strength of the loving neighbours who live close to each other.

The system is particularly designed for neighbourhood and is to be operated in the loop of a community. It provides a platform both online and offline. Community bonds is expected to be enhanced in the process of using the system.

Novel structural mode

Contents centering on emergency response lifecycle are designed to prepare, guide and encourage neighbourhood participation, which can be retrieved and practiced on a daily basis and on spot of emergency occasions.

A cross-channel community-based model is adopted to offer synchronized but less redundant communication in the hope to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the system.

The design adopts a cross-channel & multi-modal structural model to cater for users as extensive as possible, taking users’ physical mobile and cognitive ability and media use habits into consideration.

Practical and streamlined contents design Provides practical and useful information, plans and activity ideas for users. Simple and minimal steps to send help and locate information, which is crucial in emergency response.

Extended design concerns Uniting and synchronised three components of the system via adding visual and audio effects. Accessibility is thoughtfully designed especially with the physical hub

Due to the social distancing and travel restrictions during the period of coronavirus outbreak in 2020, face-to-face testings including interviews and real-time behavioural feedbacks and field visits to various neighbourhoods were not put into practice. In order to help realise the community-based emergency response design, the following steps are planned to be conducted in the further period of design:

• Testings with a broader range of users from various neighbourhoods • Create high-fidelity digital prototyping for further feedbacks

Image source: dreamstime.com

• Create physical models of the supplement hub and Hint button to test with

During the iterative process, the following testing methods appeared to be the most successful with insightful feedbacks

• Paper prototyping — Rapid and fun process to trigger immediate and insightful

• Think aloud method — enable testers to stay focused and help capture user preferences and

• Scenarios and storyboards — visualised ideas to put oneself in the scenario and

• Post-experience questionnaires — help capture a comprehensive impression of usability and show a

feedbacks for different iterations

arouse empathy with the persona

performance data simultaneously

positive overall preference of the scheme (85 out of 100, see Appendix F)

Yushi Yang

yyan2194

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Yushi Yang

yyan2194

Appendix

A. Concept sketches

B. Images of prototypes

C. Images of storyboards

D. Photographs of user evaluation process

E. Testing procedure diagrams

F. User evaluation questionnaire

Appendix A—Concept sketches A neighbourhood mutual-aid emergency response system

Initial Concepts Community-based intra-network

Virtual+Physical Scheme

Participation

As broad user groups as possible

User data collection

Gathering space

Appendix B—Image of prototypes Stage ‘0’ draft paper prototyping

Image of prototypes Iteration phase II task 1

Image of prototypes Iteration phase II task 2

Image of prototypes Iteration phase II task 3

Image of prototypes Iteration phase III task 1

Image of prototypes Iteration phase III task 2

Image of prototypes Iteration phase III task 3

Image of physical hub design

Appendix C—Storyboards Iteration phase II

Storyboards Iteration phase III

Draft

Appendix D—Photographs of User Evaluation Process Iteration I Sketchy prototyping and initial concepts discussion via Zoom.

Iteration II Second iteration of paper prototype user evaluation by screen sharing via Zoom

.

Iteration III Third iteration of paper prototype user evaluation.

Appendix E—Testing procedures Start

Task 1

Start

Task 2

Home page

Task 3

Emergency page

Create events or share life hacks?

Finish

No

Start

Hold for 3 seconds

Become a helper?

Call ‘000’

Yes

Introduction

Type in event information

Finish

Check hub status

Finish

No

Offer help?

Yes

Finish

No

Check post status?

Send help message to help seeker

Collect passcode

Collect supplement

Follow navigation

Yes

Open user profile page

Finish

See your posts

Finish

Offer help

Select emergency type

Seek help

Check supplement

Post

Back to home page

Finish

View information

Select media

What kind of emergency situation?

Your emergency situations

Tap code

Select category

Witness an emergency

Appendix F—User evaluation questionnaires