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STUDIO AIR PORTFOLIO
2017, SEMESTER 2, BADLEY YUTING YANG 813151
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TABLE OF CONTENTS About Author
A1. Design Futuring Case Study 1 Case Study 2
Case Study 1 Case Study 2
Case Study 1 Case Study 2 A4. Conclusion A5. Learning Outcomes A6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
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ABOUT AUTHOR
year student major in architecture and engineering.
since I was a kid.
I also enjoy learning
knowledge about geometry and mechanics. When I was in Middle School, I watched the documentary about the Beijing Olympic Stadium. I was impressed by the miraculous architecture and that is when I intended to be
technology, humanity and even everything related to human being and the planet. The
people, each species and each lives on the planet.
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PREVIOUS WORKS
Figure 1. Studio Earth
Seconde Skin: Light Cocoon
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PART A CONCEPTUALIZATION
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“Designers should become the facilitators maintainable ‘things’ products or images.”
such
as
discrete
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beyond a horizon of immediate concern.� --Tony Fry
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A.1 DESIGN FUTURE
INTRODUTION
is not merely problem solving but altering
the design should be considered and possible design into a real project.
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CASE STUDY 1: ZJA Architects - Ecoduct, The Borkeld (Netherlands, 2004) Whenever we bring something into being we also destroy something1. When humans a long barrier was also established among
crossings which have been broadly adopted
towards design. The design is no longer anthropocentric and subject to economics. species.
The designer had exerted the
separate areas to solve non-human issues. However, this design is aimed to solve the and become worse and worse2. The design 3
. What is more valuable is designing
to the natural environments and solve the problem by avoiding its occurrence.
3 Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona, p.9.
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CASE STUDY 2:
up with an idea that to create a 6,000 kilometer-long inhabitable green sandstone wall along the Saharan desert by using only bacillus pasterurii and sands1.
outcomes2
simply its appearance and styles. The design is no longer subject to capitalism concerning about extravagant and impressive buildings.
to interact with other disciplines and mobilise 3 . biology were involved and served as the key point. Even though this is an “unbuilt� threats that he actually considered the threat, sand as an opportunity to address the
and complicated materials are created but the least environment-damage one is what
In the Bubble: Designing in a Complex World 3 Fry, Tony, p.5.
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A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION
INTRODUCTION with externally imposed various constraints.
and search capability including accurate storage and precise memory recalls1. These and architecture has evoked the appearance
2
. This
1 Yehuda E Kalay, (Cambridge, MA: MIT 2 Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, eds, Theories of the Digital in Architecture
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CASE STUDY 1: 2013-2014) 1
. A light weight
composite shells2
to create a natural ecologic system3. 1 Oxman, 2 Amy Frearson, 2 Oxman, Theories of the Digital, p.6.
Figure 8. Fiber-woven Research Pavilion 2013-14
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CASE STUDY 2:
1
. In Shenzhen, China, with the rapid city
airport have to match the development.
metres, hexagonal skylights allowing natural
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.
processes to meet the overwhelming architectural requirements. Simultaneously, resources
can
also
be
emphasized.
1 Brady Peters, ‘ Thought 2 Amy Frearson, Studio Fuksas completes Terminal 3 at Shenzhen
Figure 16. Concourse divided across three levels
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can become a true method of design for architecture.�
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A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION
INTRODUTION 1
. The method
even Autocad into sketching by algorithm. about the element placement, element elements, the architectural concepts and 2 . Since design not only concerns about the between architecture and the public, it is necessary to receive and analysis the and environment3 design would be uncovered through this step.
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CASE STUDY 1:
1
.
2
. It also considered user needs that provided social
3
. In this project, both designers and engineers worked
as a whole.
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Figure 20. Complicated systema
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CASE STUDY 2:
1
2
.
Moreover, the design is totally irrelevant to the past. It is just an up-to-the-minute design 3 stated that “parametricism is not and has never been style�. He also pointed out the detriment on the 4
.
1 Witold Rybczymski, 2 Rybczymski, Architectural Design
Figure 21. Caulking
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Figure 22. Design sketches
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A.4 CONCLUSION
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A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES
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A.4 APPENDIX - ALOGORITHMIC SKETCHES
Figure 24. Octree
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Figure 26. Morph
geometry.
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REFERENCE
Frearson, Amy, -
Frearson, Amy,
In the Bubble: Designing in a Complex World Architectural Design
Kaylar, Yehuda E,
(Cam-
Oxman, Rivka and Robert, eds, Theories of the Digital in Architecture Peters, Brady, ‘ Rybczymski, Wiltold,
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IMAGE LIST
Figure 16. Concourse divided across three levels,
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sis-architects (accessed on Aug 10,2017 accessed on Aug 10,2017 accessed on Aug 10,2017 -
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PART B CRITERIA DESIGN
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B.1 RESEARCH FILED
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1
biological morphogenesis is achieved through the 2
.
various parameters encoded, randomly changing
1 Branko Kolarevic, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and
2 Kolarevic,
p.24.
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1
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
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1
-
F
[-F]
Ruleset: F [+F]
F
F [-F]
F
[+F]
F
F
[-F] [+F] F F
F
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B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0
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BLOOM PROJECT ANALYSIS
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COMPONENT DESIGN
Component 1: Vine
Component 4: Spiral
Component
Component 5: Pe
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2: Tumour
entagonal prism
Component 3: Flappy
Component 6: Rubber
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MANUAL AGGREGATION 1 - VINE
• •
Linear and smooth geometry. The branches grow like the vine heading
•
Create ordered, shelter-like space.
C B
A
Axiom
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Tree Diagram:
A
B
A
B
A B
C
B
A B C
A
A
A
B C
BC
C
C
A
A
A C
A
C
B
Ruleset: Axiom: ABC
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Top View
Right View
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MANUAL AGGREGATION 2 - TUMOUR
•
B
•
Those spheres intersect with
•
the crowd. They grow like tumours, cluster and spread arbitrarily.
C
A
Axiom
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Tree Diagram:
A
B
A
B
A B
C
A B C
B A
BC
C
A B
A
C
C
Ruleset: Axiom: ABC
A
A
A C
A
C
B
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Top View
Right View
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MANUAL AGGREGATION 3 - Flappy
• • unexpected structure.
B A
C
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Tree Diagram:
B
C A
B
C
C
B
C
A
C
C
B
B
C
A
A
C
A
C
B
B
Ruleset Axiom: ABC
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Top View
Right View
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MANUAL AGGREGATION 4 - SPIRAL
•
The component is a spiralling
•
The branches are designed to
•
Each branch spirals in unique
C D B
A
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Tree Digram:
D
C
C
C
D
B
B
C
C
C
B
D
C
C
B
D C
B
C D
C
C
A
C
D
A
B
A Ruleset:
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Top View
Right View
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B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0
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REVERSE ENGINEER Step 1: Component Design Build the geometry and draw the handle
a b
c
aa
ac
ac
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bb
bc
cc
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Dummy Axiom Branch polylines
Set up real axiom and tag each component has the handle with unique length to be recognized in
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A B C
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Step 4: Start to orient Establish the loop with anemone plug-in Enter ruleset Orient the polylines according to the ruleset
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Step 5: Place geometry
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Summary about how to produce the project
Draw dummy axiom polyline
Design the component
Draw start point
Draw dummy branch polylines
Place component into the established structure
Loop end (Anemone
selects growt
th branches
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Set up real axiom and tag each component
Enter rules
Loop start (Anemone
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Ruleset 3: Axiom: ABC
Ruleset 3: Axiom: ABC
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Ruleset 3: Axiom: ABC
Ruleset 4: Axiom: ABC
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A
B C
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Tree Diagram:
Ruleset 5: Axiom: ABC
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. When the branches touch the ceiling or wall, it stops growing.
a. In the loop, place the geometry according to the new generated branches
d.Connect the culled curves back to the loop
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distance with a certain value c. Cull those branches with a distance larger than the set value
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Grey componen
a. In the loop, place the geometry according to the new generated branches
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nts are killed
a. In the loop, place the geometry according to the new generated branches and the last
d. Culled list back to the loop
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ture.
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COMPONETN 1:
Material: wood
A B
C
E
D
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Tree Diagram:
Ruleset 1: Axiom: BCE
Ruleset 2: Axiom:ABCDE
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RULESET 1
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RULESET 2
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COMPONETN 2:
A B
C
D E
Axiom
F Material: Metal-Stainless-Magenta
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Tree Diagram: Rulese 1: Axiom: BCDE
Ruleset 2: Axiom: BDF
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RULESET 1
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RULESET 2
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COMPONETN 3: The component is slender which is less likely to collision with each other. Material: Velvet Red
D
E
C
B
A
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Tree Diagram:
Ruleset 1: Axiom: ABCDE
Ruleset 2: Axiom: ABCDE
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RULESET 1
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RULESET 2
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COMPONETN 4:
The geometry is a simple thin box, but creates an intricate structure with the recursive rules. that branch with the original axiom.
D C
B
A E
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Tree Diagram: Ruleset 1: Axiom: ABCDE
Ruleset 2: Axiom: ABCDE
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RUESET 1
geometry.
corresponding geometry.
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RULESET 2
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dimensions.
Step 3: Pick up the requisite pieces and start to assemble them together.
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Hence, several tests are necessary to get the
the voids are larger than required.
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Control, the milling machine obtains more with the computer program which enhances the accuracy and ability to produce more
.
eject the material
Component 2 and its digital mold.
Component 2 Material: Metal.
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model. Step 3: Melt the material and inject into the mold.
M
Co tw
Rubber
eject the material
Component 3 and its digital mold.
Component 3
materials.
Metal
eject the material
Th ve is is sa
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PROPOSAL WITH COMPONENT 4 Site: Dulux Gallery
Faculty in Melbourne University.
the other one is hanging above the area without the ceiling. Two parts are connected with
inserted into the component to make it more stable standing on the ground. For the components near the ceiling, a horizontal component is placed between the component with the ceiling. The horizontal component is melted to be joined with the component and then the horizontal component is screwed to the ceiling.
Briging
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In this system, plenty of rectangle panels can be used as display wall. To involve people’s act with each other and share their experiences. The horizontal panels of various height can bench, and table for display. Also, there are some spaces surrounded by 2 walls which The whole structure is not parallel to the wall. It is rotated 45 degrees and the hanging part is further rotated in all three axises to evoke a sense of growing. Some components are selected to involve with non-human species, the climbing plant, such as ivy. The hole inside each component Special component for ivy
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Plan
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B7. LEANING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
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In B2, I gained a deep understanding about the loop and L-system by doing
drawing the ‘tree diagram’ which clearly explains the rules and structural
them. In B6, special components are designed to meet certain requirements. It
the place it belongs.
the only thing needed to do is changing the input. That also means with the same component, it is more convenient to alter or adjust some parts to obtain
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REFERENCE Kolarevic, Branko,
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IMAGE LIST -
Figure 31. Bloom Project
Figure 32.
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PART C DETAILED DESIGN
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C.1 DESIGN CONCEPT
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CONCEPT FINALIZATION In part C, component two designed in part B is chosen to be further developed. According to the feedback about the previous component, problems include that the component itself consists of two separate parts, a ball and a stuck instead as a whole unit. Another issue is that the aggregations lack of certain prominent characteristics that evoke some kind of emotions. We found that the neuron, which our component has similar shape with shares some characteristics with the recursive aggregation. Neuron is an electrical excitable cell that receives, processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
Figure 38. Neurons. Retrieved from https://medium.com/the-spike/the-dark-neuron-problem-47d758d7600b.
Figure 39. Neuron structure. Retrieved from https://online.science.psu.edu/bisc004_activewd001/node/1907.w
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with certain information, according to the environment, it chooses one or two directions to deliver its information and then the new components are generated to spread the information further. Referring to the structure of the neuron consisted of dendrites, cell body and an axon, the ball of our component evolves into a sparky ball with a kennel inside and tentacles coming out to enhance the sense of exploring and invasion. The stick becomes the extension of one of the tentacles and has more natural and smooth connection with the major body. Moreover, the importantly, the curve increases the richness and unpredictability of the aggregation.
Kennel
Tentacle
Axon
Perspective
Front View
Top View
Perspective
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COMPONENT DESIGN DEFINITION MEMBRANE Draw a Subdivision the icosahedron
Deconstruction the mesh
Vertices
Closest points Deconstruction the mesh
Vertices Centroid of the icosahedron
Vector two points
BONE Centroid of the
Sphere Orient the slot part 1 &2 Centroid of trimmed
Move towards centroid of the length of
Line Pipe
Centre curve of the “axon“
Vertices of untrimmed edges
Vertices of valley
Line
Pipe Line
Orient the slot part 3
s
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Goal objects
Anchor
points
Kangaroo
Component
membrane
Trim the edges
Load Redesign the slots to have same cutting plane for connection
to create sockets on
COMPONENT
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AGGREGATION POSSIBILITY
Eight Branches
FINAL AGGREGATIONS DESIGN Two aggregations are designed placing into the Dulux Gallery. One aggregation is aggressive and has clear destination heading towards and coloured with exuberant green. It is located on the side without ceiling. In order to erect on the site, there are some branches coming down to connect with the ground to support the main branch climbing upwards. Another aggregaaround, trying to exploring the space. This aggregation is placed in the area with ceiling and creepy blue is used. Where the two aggregations meet, they are connected by an extra axon coloured with cyan representing the merging of information.
Axion
Bridging
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FOOTING DESIGN FOOTING VERSION ONE
Footing on the Terrain
Footing on the Ground
Footing on the Wall
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FOOTING VERSION TWO According to the feedback from presentation, a number of footings have tripped and the ones attached to the ceiling are added to give more support to the hanging part. Instead of supporting strength. In addition, the connecting area between the footing and the component is enlarged to provide more stability. Centroid of all components
Site and terrain
Lines shorter than 700mm
Line Closest points
Remap the length to 0 to 1
Length
Scale the height of standard footing to line length
Cull the lines of which length is greater than 700mm
Orient scaled footings
Join adjacent footings together
Standard footing
Larger Connecting Area
Single Footing Elevation
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FINAL DESIGN
C
B
A
C
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B
A
D
PLAN NOT TO SCALE
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SECTION AA SCALE 1:100
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SECTION BB SCALE 1:100
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SECTION CC SCALE 1:100
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SECTION DD SCALE 1:100
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EXPERIENCE 1
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EXPERIENCE 2
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EXPERIENCE 3
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PERSPECTIVE
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C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes
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PROTOTYPE VERSION 1 As the component has solid and irregular shape, moulding and casting are applied to make Pinkysil is the moulding material and a translucent polyurethane resin is used for casting. To reduce the heavy weight of the casting, a plastic ball is inserted inside. Also, it acts as the kennel according to our concept. To reduce the size of the moulding, the axon part is made of a timber round stick. v
Making Process
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Completed Prototype One
FEEDBACK: Moulding and casting are expensive and time-consuming. Also, even though a plastic ball is replaced with a part of the solid body, the component is still very heavy which weakens the In addition, since the slot is of cylinder shape the stick can be inserted into the slot and rotated at any angles so that the position relationship between components can not be
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PROTOTYPE VERSION 2 Then, the injection moulding is considered as it is much lighter than the previous moulding and casting and with less material and size limitations, the component can be built as a whole. For the prototype two, 3D printing is used with less density inside to mimic the injection moulding. Also, a slot is designed at the end of the “axon� to ensure the components are jointed at the correct position.
FEEDBACK: to be broken down. The block added to connection is too small and dose not printed actually.
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PROTOTYPE VERSION 3 for the whole structure, skin and bone structure is applied in the third prototype. The bone consists of a kennel at the center, one axon, eight slots and twentythree sticks inserted into the kennel. The axon is extended at the end to be inserted into the slots. Those sticks provide vertices for the skin to be stretched into the designed shape. The bone will be made of injection moulding. However, in the prototype three, 3D printing is used. BONE Kennel
Sticks
Slots
Axon
Assembly Diagram
Makebot File for 3d Printing
Assembled Bone
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CONNECTION The size of the block for connection is increased and another block is added to enhance the strength.
The slot is separated into two parts, so that they could be 3D printed without unwanted support materials.
Connection Diagram
The slot enable the edges of fabric at the slots to be covered. The notch it requires rotation when joining.
Test1 Thickness: 1.0mm Conclusion: not rigid enough and too loose - fail Test2 Thickness: 1.5mm Conclusion: rigid enough
Test3 Thickness: 2.0mm Conclusion: rigid but too thick - fail
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SKIN The material for the membrane should be stretchable as the surface is double curved. In addition, the material can be transparent to allow the bone inside being seen. Hence, the
Pins with a piece of circle cardboard is used to secure the fabric to sticks.
Elastic nylon tested as the material for the skin:
FEEDBACK: The bone inside acts as a rigid structure element while the membrane attached to the bone the desired translucencym it is not elastic enough to be strecthed in to the designed form while the elastic nylon has. It is also noticed that the fabric be tailored before attaching to the bone.
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C.3. Final Detail Model
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CONSTRUCTING PROCESS Connect the slot part1 and sticks of untrimmed tentacles and valleys to the kennel.
tentacles. Glue is applied to adhere fabric to slots and harden the fabric, which makes it easier to trim.
Trim the holes for connections and insert slot part2.
Secure the fabric to valleys by pins.
Wrap fabric around the axon and insert the connection.
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FINAL COMPONENT
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1:10 MODEL
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C.4. Learning Objectives and Outcomes
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Digital tools have enhanced the possibilities of complex and mass designs. Grasshopper is the main digital application used during the whole design. It allows to generate thousands of object to adjust the whole design by modifying some of the inputs. The process diminishes a great
terms of fabrication, the complicated form can be produced by 3d printing. However, there is the limitation for this process. Even though the whole design was mainly produced by the designed result. Also, owing to the high-cost, limited material of 3D printing, other methods of production are required. The contemporary architecture is no longer as a shelter or providing some functions. It has been endowed with certain meanings interpreting certain concepts. As the technique studied during the semester, the L-system and recursive aggregation are based on the natural biological principles. Therefore, there is the concept and principles behind the design. Each component the design and some patterns of the formation can be examined. The relationship between the design and the air has been considered. The design is meant to and lightweight. Therefore, the bone and skin tectonic is applied. Also, it is crucial to add a great amount of footings connected to the ground, wall, and ceilings to support the main part suspending in the air.
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IMAGE LIST Figure 38. Neurons. Retrieved from https://medium.com/the-spike/the-dark-neuron-problem-47d758d7600b (accessed on Oct 28, 2017). Figure 39. Neuron structure. Retrieved from https://online.science.psu.edu/bisc004_activewd001/node/1907.w (accessed on Oct 28, 2017).