Consequential Landscapes / Booklet Term 1 / 2020 / Landscape Urbanism by Yutong Qiu

Yutong Qiu

AALU/ LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2020-2021 TERM 1 BOOKLET

AALU LANDSCAPE URBANISM MArch 2

Programme Heads: Alfredo Ramirez Eduardo Rico Design Tutor: Clara Oloriz Sanjuan Technical Tutors: Claudio Campanile Daniel Kiss Student: Yutong Qiu

AALU/ LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2020.09 - 2020.12 FIRST TERM BOOKLET 3 WORKSHOPS PLANETARY URBANISATION DYNAMICS/ GENEOLOGY/ GLOBAL ATLAS OF EXTRACTION AND CONSUMPTION/ PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE & SOCIAL FORMATIONS/ NARRATIVE &INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPHY/ SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION Based on three workshops held in the UK context, demonstrating alternative approaches, methdologies, program configurations and levels of intervention. We aim to provide an alternative to the current models from the historical perspective of the landscape, combining fields with social, political and economic framework.

CONTENTS

01.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

Neo-colonialissm from the New York Highline to the Amazon Forest 01.1. 01.2. 01.3. 01.4. 01.5. 01.6. 01.7.

02.

New York Highline Anatomical Map of Amazon Timber World Timber Trade Wood Processing and Related Employment Preference for Specific Timber and Deforestation Resource Trade: Colonization and Urbanization References

Good Food Newcastle

SOIL REMEDIATION AND REUSE FOR HEALTHY FOOD 5

02.1. 02.2. 02.3. 02.4. 02.5. 02.6. 02.7. 02.8.

03.

Obesity Survey and Social Issues Research The Boom and Bust of Shipbuilding Green New Deal and Good Food Policies Phased Planning Panorama Infrastructure Plan Soil Remediation Good Food Community Centre and Green Jobs References

(IN)VISIBLE GEOGRAPHIES

Participatory Heritage for Somers Town 03.1. 03.2. 03.3. 03.4. 03.5. 03.6. 03.7.

Somers Town: The Fear ofGentrification and Displacement Get Involved Interactive Map The Complexity of Social Network and Collective Memories Privacy Protecting Algorithm Go Behind the Wall References

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

Productive Landscape

Neo-colonialissm from the New York Highline to the Amazon Forest

Extraction Consumption

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In the south west side of the Central Railway line in New York, there is a disused viaduct. This area was once a meat packaging area. This area was once a meat packaging area. In the late 20th century, due to the decline in rail traffic, the northern end of this viaduct was abandoned. In 2003, Friends of the High Line sponsored a design competition that attracted more than 720 participants from 38 countries. The government of Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced plans for the High Line in September. The park’s total fundraising is more than US$150 million (equivalent to US$178,758,000 in 2019). This is the high line. The High Line’s success has inspired cities throughout the United States to redevelop obsolete infrastructure as public space. The park became a tourist attraction and spurred real estate development in adjacent neighbourhoods, increasing real-estate values and prices along the route. By 2019, it had eight million visitors per year.

PIC.01/ High Line

NEW YORK HIGHLINE

PIC.02/ High Line

01.1.

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

WHERE WOULD SUCH TIMBER COME FROM?

PIC.03/ High Line

There is a large number of wooden urban furniture in the High Line Park, IPE was chosen for its high durability in order to reduce the maintenance cost and obtain a high profile with its aesthetic appearances.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

01.2.

ANATOMICAL MAP OF AMAZON TIMBER

The Anatomical Map shows backward tracking from bottom to top from New York High to Brazil Amazon Forest. It illustrates the transportation path, processing process, logging and growth process of the wood through the line. The branches show how social or political events shaped this path and what campaign this path has affected, including changes in timber preferences, colonization, monoculture, logging strikes, the game between workers and timber mills, and final legislation to protect the interests of workers.

Kerui Yang

Enrico Luo &

By: Yutong Qiu,

FIG.01/ Anatomical Map

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020 Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

WORLD TIMBER TRADE

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.02/ Glbal Timber Trade

01.3.

Legend Wood Export (US$ Thousand) 0.010000 - 5385.470000 5385.470001 - 20783.890000 20783.890001 - 49148.990000 49148.990001 - 122279.870000 122279.870001 - 249991.490000 Export_Output

Commodity Export (US$ Thousand) Brazil_Commodity_2018

Wood Export (US$ Thousand) 0.010000 - 5385.470000 5385.470001 - 20783.890000 20783.890001 - 49148.990000 49148.990001 - 122279.870000 122279.870001 - 249991.490000 World_countries

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Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

80°0'0"N

60°0'0"W

80°0'0"N

70°0'0"N

60°0'0"N

50°0'0"N

40°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.03/ Global Timber Trade

60°0'0"N

20°0'0"N

10°0'0"N

0°0'0"

10°0'0"S

20°0'0"S

30°0'0"S

40°0'0"S

50°0'0"S

60°0'0"S

70°0'0"S

70°0'0"S 80°0'0"S

70°0'0"W

80°0'0"S

Throughout the 19th century, the world, especially the United States, had a great demand for Brazilian woods. Since 2004, American timber imports from Brazil experienced a tremendous increase. Brazil becomes one of the highest timber exports for the world / with countries amongst United States, China, Germany, and Argentina.

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Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

FIG.05/ Brazil Timber Export

WORLD TOP 20 TIMBER IMPORTING COUNTRIES

Let’s switch our perspective to Brazil.

By: Yutong Qiu

For each kind of processing workers are adding exchange value to the product, but the use value do not change very much.

13 By: Yutong Qiu

After processing and exporting pro’cedures, the price of common wood in Brazil will usually increase by 8 times, while the price of IPE can increase by 12 times.

FIG.04/ Timber Processing Costs

ADDING EXCHANGE VALUE

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

01.4.

WOOD PROCESSING AND RELATED EMPLOYMENT

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.06/ Employment

EMPLOYMENT WITH SALARY IN FORESTRY BY CLASSES OF ACTIVITIES

By: Kerui Yang

FIG.07/ 5 Sites

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In order to save costs, timber is usually pro’cessed before being loaded into containers and shipped to the world. At the same time, the hardwood used to build the high line has usually been logged along the northern Amazon River. After entering the mill in the port city for sawing and treating anti-corrosion and moisture resistance, lumber exports to the whole world. Driven by profits, the illegal exports accounted for more than 40%, mainly shipped from the Amazon. In Brazil, many job opportunities have been created by its wood exports from logging to

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

processing. The diagram reveals that, as of 2020, at least 400,000 people in Brazil are engaged in wood-related jobs, predominantly in sawing wood, and laminating wood boards.. If in order to protect the earth’s climate, limit the logging of wood in the forest, a large number of people will be affected, such as losing their jobs.

PIC.04/ Amazon Deforestation

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

Drone photo of deforestation in the Bolivian Amazon for soybeans. Photo by Rhett A. Butler.

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In this part we illustrates the decay process and defend system of trees, as well as how deforestation appears. in early 1900s, capitalists exploited more and more workers in logging large number of hardwoods. This caused the main logging switched from redwood to Ipe and softwood, declined dramatically and a wide range of clearings emerged. That’s the formation of today’s deforestation. Next, as the ‘Lung of the Earth’, we unveil the distribution of tree types in Brazil, to underline the significance of protecting the Amazon. Brazil’s landcover mapping indicates its landform according to tree classification, shrubland and herbaceous coverage, forming six biome areas with such typology.

PIC.05/ Deforestation

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

PIC.07/ Forest Fire

PIC.06/ Logging

Small scale deforestation in the Colombian Amazon. (Photo by R. Butler)

Logging in the Amazon. (Photo by R. Butler)

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01.5.

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

PREFERENCE FOR SPECIFIC TIMBER AND DEFORESTATION

FIG.08/ Alternative Species

300

250

200

150

By: Kerui Yang

ALTERNATIVE SPECIES

100

Hevea Brasiliensis

Ipe

Redwood

Pine

Teak

Cedar

Manilkara huberi

Dinizia excelsa

Timber Density

592 KG/m³

954 KG/m³

977 KG/m³

350-500 KG/m³

980 KG/m³

490-570 KG/m³

977 KG/m³

464 KG/m³

Green Density

270 trees / hm³

1 tree / 3-10 hm³

70 trees / hm³

300 trees / hm³

30 trees / hm³

280 trees / hm³

5 trees / hm³

1 tree / 6 hm³

Heigh

141 ft

100-130 ft

200-300 ft

50–150 ft

100-130 ft

50 ft

65-100 ft

100-200 ft

Weight

37 lbs/ft³

69 lbs/ft³

26 lbs/ft³

36 lbs/ft³

41 lbs/ft³

32 lbs/ft³

65 lbs/ft³

67 lbs/ft³

Janka Hardness

960 lbf

3,150 lbf

450 lbf

550 lbf

1,070 lbf

610 lbf

2,970 lbf

3,160 lbf

Elastic Modulus

1,314,000 lbf/in²

3,200,000 lbf/in²

1,220,000 lbf/in²

1,463,000 lbf/in²

1,781,000 lbf/in²

1,170,000 lbf/in²

2,960,000 lbf/in²

2,811,000 lbf/in²

Crushing Strength

6,110 lbf/in²

13,600 lbf/in²

5,690 lbf/in²

5,160 lbf/in²

7,940 lbf/in²

6,570 lbf/in²

12,440 lbf/in²

12,450 lbf/in²

Growing Time

13 Years

25 Years

100 Years

30 Years

15 Years

20 Years

25 Years

Green Density

WHY MUST THIS SPECIFIC TIMBER BE USED?

The Plantation Cycle reveals the distribution of main lumber tree types according to their rotation cycle and rate of harvest. From previous deforestation map we decided to investigate the predominate species for the timber export in the amazon, highlighting the physical properties of each lumber as well as their forest density. IPE has been highlighted due to its outstanding durability despite being an extreme rarity in comparison. This diagram reveals the consequences of material choice in the industry.

We still insist on standardization, but apart from the development of monoculture, we do have other options. We all know that growing a species in isolation and concentrating so much production and processing infrastructure into one product can damage the environment. And, over time, people’s preference for certain materials may change. However, we cannot exhaust a single resource again and again and look for alternatives.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

By: Kerui Yang

FIG.09/ Landcover

BRAZIL’S LANDCOVER

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By: Kerui Yang 21

By: Kerui Yang

FIG.11/ Deforestation 2005-2010

From the deforestation map we decided to investigate the predominate species for the timber export in the amazon, highlighting the physical properties of each lumber as well as their forest density. IPE has been highlighted due to its outstanding durability despite being an extreme rarity in comparison. This diagram reveals the consequences of material choice in the industry.

FIG.10/ Deforestation 2000-2005

Our research demonstrates the severity of deforestation between 2000 and 2005 and 2005 and 2010 by deducting its land covers.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.12/ Pntation Cycle

PLANTATION CYCLE

PLANTATION CYCLE AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

five predominate human activities effecting Amazon. They are infrastructure invasion, illegal logging, post-logging clearing, agriculture intensification and raising livestock. All the steps showing in this area will promote the speed of deforestation following such land consumptions, like land transforms from tropical forest to savanna and rising temperatures.

By: Kerui Yang

There are two directions about dealing with the woods showing in the page. On the left is the replanting procedures. It assists trees to be replanted in a cycle by planting, removing, changing or trimming according to the situation of trees themselves, which enable trees to grow in a specific shape or location. As a result, the harvest rate of timbers will be enhanced. The right side shows the typical processes leading to deforestation, with

FIG.13/ Land Transformation

LAND TRANSFORMATION

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

By: Enrico Luo

FIG.15/ Rupopolis

01.6.

By: Enrico Luo

FIG.16/ MAnaus

RESOURCE TRADE: COLONIZATION AND URBANIZATION

By: Enrico Luo

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

FIG.17/ Parintins

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To investigate the land consumption caused by the lumber industry, we identified three locations to demonstrate the influences of industrial urbanization, waterway transportation and road developments. The first location is Manaus, the satellite images in the top left corner demonstrate its transformation. In the main drawing, the highlighted industrial areas in red encouraged its rapid urbanization, attracting labours from the surrounding regions due to its positioning at the waterway junction. The second location is Parintins, a small port along the Amazon River. Due to its waterway convenient linkage, the demand for lumber

has resulted in severe illegal loggings indicated by the red circles. Moving through the river, we see the areas in contact with water being heavily exploited. The third node of the investigation is Ruropolis, located at a highway intersection. The development of roads clears the surrounding forest at its construction, as well as enabling further logging into the forest. With the increase of settlements shown in circles, such logging activities had invaded the indigenous lands indicated in white. In 1975, except for these cities, there was a wide range of forest resources and few areas of human activities. Then, in 1985, with river transportation development, people started

to log near rivers. Docks and settlements increased dramatically. At the same time, the indigenous people were given a portion of protected lands. Then, roadwork began to develop in such places. This rose the traffic flow in the Amazon. People gathered into three large cities for jobs. In this time, capitalists found business opportunities in logging, so that some fields of illegal logging appeared. In 2005, further development led to a rapid increase in the area of illegal logging invading into the indigenous areas. Meanwhile, this condition attracted more and more workers, so the population boomed. Lastly, we compiled the 2015 sate of this affair.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

COLONIAL HISTORICAL PALIMPSEST The History of Colonization and Resource Extraction in Brazil

By: Enrico Luo

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

FIG.18/ Colonization Timeline

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The timeline demonstrates the evolution of colonial powers commoditizing Brazil’s natural resources through different eras from the 1500s. The proportion of indigenous lands and population vs the colonizers is shown in the bottom right corner. The fluctuation of each exporting commodity through time is indicated on the top timeline. Through the growing colonial lands and the infrastructural developments of Brazil, the Amazon was equally exploited for mining and rubber production from the 1700s, leading to the urbanization of cities such as Manus and Belem for production and export industries. It wasn’t until 1980 did the indigenous groups of Brazil regained a portion of their lands. However, with the development of roadwork shifting wood-related industries towards the urbanized coasts of Brazil, it led to increased illegal logging actives and the displacement of indigenous people to coastal cities, unveiling the consequences of such landscape consumptions.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

FIG.08/ Colonization

COLONIAL EXTRACTION AND CONSUMPTION

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

By: Yutong Qiu

STORYTELLING MAP

FIG.19/ Storytelling Map

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A series of images showing the tropical characteristic of land transformation, with three main export ports, Manaus, Santarem and Belem demonstrating the industrialization and urbanization’s impacts on the land from 1975 to 2015. in 1975, except these cities, there were wide range of forest resources and few areas of human activities. Then, in 1985, with river transportation development, people started to log near rivers. docks and settlements increased dramatically. At the same time, the indigenous people were given a portion of protected lands. Then, roadwork began to develop in such places. This rose the traffic flow in the Amazon. People gathered to three large cities for jobs. In this time, capitalists found the business opportunities in logging, so that some fields of illegal logging appeared. In 2005, further development led to a rapid increase in the area of illegal logging invading into the indigenous areas. Meanwhile, this condition attracted more and more workers, so the population boomed. Lastly, we compiled the 2015 sate of this affair.

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

The contrasts of landscape habitations by Amazon’s indigenous people and the New York citizens showcase human’s relationship with the environment.

COLONIALISM & MECHANISMS OF NEOCOLONIALISM

“WHAT IF THESE LANDSCAPES HADN’T BEEN EXPLOITED FOR SUCH CONSUMPTIONS?”

By: Kerui Yang

FIG.20/ Amazon High Line

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020 Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

PIC.09/ NYC High Line

Consequential Landscape Consumptions

“What if these landscapes hadn’t been exploited for such consumptions?” The contrasts of landscape habitations by Amazon’s indigenous people and the New York citizens showcase human’s relationship with the environment. Rather than being nostalgic about the past, we intend to highlight the perception of communal spaces through its historic and urban transformations. Increasing human activities would inevitably affect the landscape, such as the series of the aforementioned consequential landscapes. With the recent decision to use sustainably sourced and recycled timber in the later phases of the New York Highliine, perhaps it signifies towards a reciprocal relationship.

In whole, the anatomical map reveals the traces of the IPE application at New York’s Highline back to the Amazon Forest, revealing the underlying threads of the lumber production and export in the process. Raising awareness of the land consumption formed by our design decision as landscape architects. Sustainable is abstract for the local area, but today, we have a way to use Machine learning and artificial intelligence to dynamically track and record global forest changes, so that every forestry practitioner can see the changes their daily actions make to the earth.

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01.7.

Workshop: Consequential Global Landscapes

REFERENCES

Jane Hutton, 2020, Reciprocal Landscape: Storiesof material Movements Jane Hutton, 2013, Reciprocal landscapes material portraits in New York City and elsewhere colonial timeline: https://vividmaps.com/territorial-evolution-of-brazil/ The role of sugar cane in Brazil’s history and economy, Plinio Mario Nastari, 1983, Iowa State University Global Wood Production_Assessment of industrial round wood supply from forest management systems in different global regions Christian Cossalter and Charlie Pye-Smith, 1993, Fast-Wood Forestry_Myths and Realities

WEBSITES:

AMAZON DESTRUCTION, 2020, https://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon_destruction.html Why IPE has fallen out of favor with environmentally conscious desicious designers: https:// www.terramai.com/blog/ipe-environmental-sourcing-issues/ Brazil Wood Exports in US$: https://wits. worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/ BRA/Year/2018/TradeFlow/Export/Partner/ all/Product/44-49_Wood/Show/Partner%20 Name;XPRT-TRD-VL;XPRT-PRDCT-SHR;/ Sort/XPRT-TRD-VL/Chart/top10 Brazil Landcover: https://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/ CCI/viewer/index.php Brazil Tree Cover: https://data.globalforestwatch.org/datasets/tree-cover-2000-1?showData=true

World Population: https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa. eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_POP_MT_ GLOBE_R2019A/ wood database: https://amazontimberframes. com/wood-species/ https://data.humdata.org/dataset/wfp-geonodebrazil-road-network-main-roads https://data.globalforestwatch.org/datasets/54ec099791644be4b273d9d8a853d452_4 openstreetmap https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/ where_we_work/amazon/about_the_amazon/ wildlife_amazon/plants/ https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-resources/popular-topics/brazilian-rubber-plantations/ Fast-Wood Forestry Myths and Reqalities, Christian Cossalter and Charlie Pye-Smith Global Wood Production, Assessment of industrial round wood supply from forest management systems in different global regions The Forest Company, Impact report-Global impact starts with local action 2019

FIG.06/ Employment By: Yutong Qiu FIG.07/ 5 Sites By: Kerui Yang FIG.08/ Alternative Species By: Kerui Yang FIG.09/ Landcover By: Kerui Yang FIG.10/ Deforestation 2000-2005 By: Kerui Yang FIG.11/ Deforestation 2005-2010 By: Kerui Yang FIG.12/ Pntation Cycle By: Yutong Qiu FIG.13/ Land Transformation By: Kerui Yang FIG.15/ Rupopolis By: Enrico Luo FIG.16/ MAnaus By: Enrico Luo FIG.17/ Parintins By: Enrico Luo

FIGURES:

FIG.01/ Anatomical Map By: Yutong Qiu, Enrico Luo & Kerui Yang FIG.02/ Glbal Timber Trade By: Yutong Qiu FIG.03/ Global Timber Trade By: Yutong Qiu FIG.04/ Timber Processing Costs By: Yutong Qiu FIG.05/ Brazil Timber Export By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.18/ Colonization Timeline By: Enrico Luo FIG.19/ Storytelling Map By: Yutong Qiu FIG.20/ Amazon High Line By: Kerui Yang

Good Food Newcastle

PICTURES:

PIC.01/ High Line: https://www.google.com/ PIC.02/ High Line: https://www.google.com/ PIC.03/ High Line: https://www.google.com/ PIC.04/ Amazon Deforestation Drone photo of deforestation in the Bolivian Amazon for soybeans. Photo by Rhett A. Butler. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon_destruction.html PIC.05/ Deforestation Small scale deforestation in the Colombian Amazon. (Photo by R. Butler) https://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon_destruction.html PIC.06/ Logging (Photo by R. Butler) https://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon_destruction.html 34

PIC.07/ Forest Fire FIG.08/ Colonization: https://pt.m.wikipedia. org/wiki/Ficheiro:Desembarque_de_Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral_em_Porto_Seguro_em_1500_by_Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_(1865%E2%80%931939).jpg PIC.09/ NYC High Line: https://www.google. com/

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Good Food Newcastle SOIL REMEDIATION AND REUSE FOR HEALTHY FOOD

Good Food Newcastle

02.1.

OBESITY SURVEY AND SOCIAL ISSUES RESEARCH OBESITY VALUE

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.01/ Deprivation

DEPRIVATION

FRESH FOOD ACCESSIBILITY IN NEWCASTLE

By: Yutong Qiu By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.03/ Fresh Food Accessibility

FIG.02/ Obesity Value

In the obesity map of whole UK, Newcastle is one of the worst areas. Zoom in to Newcastle, this maps the fresh food stores, like Tesco, Sainsburys, etc. and analyses the accessibility to those stores. It is obvious to see some areas are food desert areas where have difficulties to access those food stores. We find out that food accessibility is tightly relevant to the degree of economic development, which means the most deprived areas have the poorest access to fresh food. In these maps, we find that the walker area is one of the serious areas having the high child obesity rate, low life expectation level, low education score and high crime rate.

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TERRAIN

FIG.04/ Data Visualization

CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Apply sustainable food system in Walker, Newcastle

EDUCATION RANK

PIC.01/ R- Urban

PIC.02/ CPUL city

CRIME RATE

Good Food Newcastle

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.05/ Land Pollutant

02.2.

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.06/ Shipbuilding History

THE BOOM AND BUST OF SHIPBUILDING

The shipbuilding industry flourished as a coal mining industry in the 16th century, when only some simple ships were used for transportation along the Tyne River. Before the Industrial Revolution, the shipbuilding industry here had already developed for two hundred years, and there were customs registering with ships to regulate transportation and coal trade. In the fourth phase, with the arrival of the steam engine, both the railway transport and the canal transport have undergone technical upgrades, and the transportation volume has increased dramatically. In the 19th century, there was a period of time when the river was not cleaned of silt and mud. It caused the blockage of the river and affected traffic, which has been already resolved. Due to the previous mining and shipbuilding industries, the brownfields in Newcastle have suffered varying degrees of soil pollution. The large areas of Walker have been polluted.

POLLUTION LEVEL CLASSIFICATION

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02.3.

Workshop: Green New Deal

GREEN NEW DEAL AND GOOD FOOD POLICIES

RUNNING SYSTEM

run

cooperate

By: Ziyang Guo

FIG.07/ Running System

governmenttal

Running system

cooperate

instruct & help

non-governmental/ institutional

cooperate cooerate

lead funded instruct information provieded

report pollution

cooperate

soil remediate regulate

technical support

support

job creation

support cooperate

join

instruct

residents

grassroots

residents sell/donate

soil remediate

sell

residents

purchase residents

local charity shop clean soil

local market

restaurant

green food green food food waste

soil recover

food growing

food trading

We prefer to apply the sustainable food system in walker area to respond the healthy, environmental and social issues. The CPUL plan, which is (continuous productive urban landscape), trying to engage the community and integrate the productive activities into the open space. In this way, we try to narrow down the CPUL plan according to the context of walker area.

food waste

food eating

The whole food system consists of soil remediation, food growing, food trading and food eating. This diagram shows organizations like the university of Newcastle will provide the professional support about soil remediation, and food Newcastle plan will provide the skills guidance for its activities in community. There are also other governmental organization, non-governmental organization and grassroots cooperate to ensure the running of this food system.

By: Zhuqing Li

FIG.09/ Panorama 2025 By: Zhuqing Li

FIG.08/ Panorama 2020

Good Food Newcastle

02.4.

PHASED PLANNING PANORAMA

By: Zhuqing Li

Workshop: Green New Deal

FIG.10/ Panorama 2030

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Before applying the food system in Walker, we firstly identify the existing conditions. There are four types of green space here. The forest space, the existing allotment, the park, and, the grass land. Along the canal, there are large areas of industrial land.

The first thing needs to be solved is the land pollution problem left over from the industrial period. By dividing the soil into grids and sampling and testing, the soil is divided into three levels of pollution. By griding the gound, sampling and testing, it can be detected how much and which heavy metals the soil contains, or fuel pollution. The soil is divided into three levels according to the degree of pollution.

Those inclusive places are also the bond for the people to gather together to cook and share the food together. This usually will be combined with the food cultural activities. The food waste will be disposed in a green way, the landfill is the ending of this process, causing the polluted soil, this could go back to the first step of this system. The whole system works as a cycle. After that until 2025, the walker area will

undergo soil remediation process, food growing, food trading and food eating. The community will collect polluted soil in the industrial area. Recover the soil in the nearby factories under the professional guidance. And then, transport the recovered soil to the growing space. The potential growing space could be 50% community park, 30% grass land, 30% school’ s roof or yard, 30% care centre’ s roof or yard, 5% park and fully maintain the allotment.

Good Food Newcastle

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.11/ Factory Recession

02.5.

INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN

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Good Food Newcastle

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.11/ Soil Remediation

02.6.

SOIL REMEDIATION

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By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.12/ Phytoremediation

PHYTOREMEDIATION

For the most severely polluted soil at level 3, soil isolation is required to prevent the toxic soil from spreading to other land along with groundwater. Then they dig out and send them to the soil remediation factory rebuilt by the abandoned factory nearby for some chemical treatment, such as adding some solidification and stabilizing agents, which can make the soil harmless. This method is suitable for soils containing heavy metal elements such as chromium, mercury and ect. For the second level of moderate pollution, a combination of simple purification and phytomediation is required. First, the spray vaporizaiton confituration is used. Because the density of heavy metals is greater, they will fall earlier after spraying, thereby completing the filtration of toxic substances. Then combined with phytoremediation technology, soil remediation is carried out by planting vetiver, viola baoshanensis and other plants

that can purify the soil. For the first level of slightly polluted soil, phytoremediation can be directly used for soil remediation, and these plants can also solidify carbon in the air. The slightly polluted soil can be used to grow vegetables or fruit trees after 5 years. The contaminated soil, whether it comes from the site or the surrounding area, will be sent to the growing space. The potential growing space could be 50% community park, 30% grass land, 30% school’ s roof or yard, 30% care centre’ s roof or yard, 5% park and fully maintain the allotment. After harvest, the food will be stored in the potential food trading facilities, like church, community centre, and factory. The volunteer will sell the fresh food here to the surrounding community.

Good Food Newcastle

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.01/ Green Space

02.7.

GOOD FOOD COMMUNITY CENTRE AND GREEN JOBS

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

Workshop: Green New Deal

After that until 2025, the walker area will undergo soil remediation process, food growing, food trading and food eating. The community will collect polluted soil in the industrial area. Recover the soil in the nearby factories under the professional guidance After the soil has been remediated, it will be transported from the soil factory to the Green food centre. This centre is transformed from an abandoned factory, in which land is the least polluted. As it shows in the picture, res-

idents can register at the community center and pick up their plots at a community farm or hydroponic room. For their plot, they can pay for the fundamental fee or turn in 10% of their harvest. The fundamental fee will be collected and used to host various kinds of social activities, such as cookoff, weekend market, handmade studio, etc, to promote communication between residents.

By: Ziyang Guo

FIG.14/ Community Centre

Good Food Newcastle

The neighbouring school can also contract some plots in the community farm to deliver the outdoor class, or organize students to study about the cycle of green food here. When plants are ready to harvest, the community centre will sell the public part to the church and the local market. For residents, they can choose to cook their harvest in the restaurant, trade in the community centre or save in the warehouse. Also, some seeds and the dysplastic plants will be sent to the seed library and the agrohab to be studied.

The leftover and food waste from neighbouring area, will be collected in the food reuse. They will be classified into the edible and the inedible part. The edible part will be sent to the care home, the community centre and the agrohab after being processed. The inedible part will be sent to the composting system and the heating system to become fertilizer and fuel. The leftover will be sent to the soil factory to help recover the polluted soil. The green food centre will bring people together through the food cycle.

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

Workshop: Green New Deal

50 By: Ziyang Guo

FIG.15/ Building Cut Away

Good Food Newcastle

By: Ziyang Guo

Workshop: Green New Deal

FIG.16/ Green Job

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

The green food centre can not only help residents grow their green food and learn how to make good use of food, it can also create employments. The green food centre offer at least 12 kinds of job, including mechanic, gardener, botanist, communication manager, etc. For example, the restaurant creates jobs like a barista, waiter/ess and cook. In addition to allowing residents to enjoy green food, the center also allows residents to feel the convenience brought by the sustainable food system.

PIC.03/ Food

Good Food Newcastle

From the agricultural revolution to the invention of preservatives, the rise of industrialized food and fast food let us no longer worry about hunger. However, once this step is taken, we can no longer return back. We are limited by the convenience and deliciousness brought by the food industry. At the same time, there is a problem of single nutrient that easily leads to obesity. People can get three meals a day at a lower cost, but they also lose the fun of cooking with family and friends. The time “saved” seems to be able to do more interesting things, study or work, but the psychological distance between people is also farther away.

Good Food Newcastle, a plan not just focus on food, We focus more on where does food come from, we focus more on where does food goes to, we focus more on where will food bring to you.

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

02.8.

Workshop: Green New Deal

REFERENCES

FIGURES:

FIG.01/ Deprivation By: Yutong Qiu FIG.02/ Obesity Value By: Yutong Qiu FIG.03/ Fresh Food Accessibility By: Yutong Qiu FIG.04/ Data Visualization By: Yutong Qiu

PICTURES: PIC.01/ R- Urban Resource: R- urban

http://www.foodnewcastle.org/what-we-do/ theme-1-diet-related-ill-health/ https://www.sustainweb.org/londonfoodlink/

PIC.02/ CPUL city Resource: André Viljoen and Katrin Bohn

https://lendager.com/en/architecture/gronttorvet-spisehus-en/

PIC.03/ Food https://www.artstation.com/artwork/LByZP

http://r-urban.net/blog/projects/agrocite/

FIG.06/ Shipbuilding History By: Yutong Qiu

DATA SOURCES:

FIG.07/ Running System By: Ziyang Guo

http://www.landis.org.uk/services/soilsguide/ wrb_list.cfm

FIG.08/ Panorama 2020 By: Zhuqing Li

https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/themes/environment-and-agrifood/landis

FIG.09/ Panorama 2025 By: Zhuqing Li

https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/

Fig.11/ Factory Recession By: Yutong Qiu Fig.12/ Soil Remediation By: Yutong Qiu FIG.13/ Phytoremediation By: Yutong Qiu FIG.14/ Community Centre By: Ziyang Guo FIG.15/ Building Cut Away By: Ziyang Guo FIG.16/ Green Job By: Ziyang Guo

http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/index.html https://greennewdealgroup.org/the-green-newdeal/

FIG.05/ Land Pollutant By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.10/ Panorama 2030 By: Zhuqing Li

WEBSITES:

http://www.ukso.org/

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/-/WDN-20190902-1 https://data.nsw.gov.au/data/dataset/soil-landscapes-of-the-newcastle-1-100000-sheet3a574

https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/Newcastle_Challenges.php http://www.landis.org.uk/data/index.cfm https://envirotech.com/ http://www.foodnewcastle.org/what-we-do/ https://phys.org/news/2016-05-ways-scientistssoil-dirty.html

(In)visible Geographies

We would like to give a voice to...

(In)visible Geographies Participatory Heritage for Somers Town

the (in)visible presence and memory by collecting their data while maintaing the privcacy.

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

Workshop: Engage

(In)visible Geographies

PIC.01/ HS2

03.1.

SOMERS TOWN: THE FEAR OF GENTRIFICATION AND DISPLACEMENT

High Speed 2 (HS2)

Collecting local memory through cartography

The Euston Context: the proposed High Speed Rail Two (HS2) has generated significant debate on the changing face of the area, connected to wider debates about the role of regeneration. The area surrounding Euston Station has been designated in the London Plan as an ‘Opportunity Area’, fagged for development for its strategic central location and well-connected transport links.

from Matarò “”alternative” geography of the city, based on the tracing of itineraries that would allow for a revision of the local history in a way/in ways that will enable to simultaneously report aspects of it which are generally seen as isolated, categorized and frozen in time, enclosed in specific spaces; a cross section based precisely on the non-established geographies of daily life, by connecting them to the global processes of which they are a consequence and the protagonists at the same time.”

Distribution and interface of networks according to their functions Each network functions within a particular physical space, which highlights the way in which buildings and spaces that may be impacted by regeneration play a multi-functional role in the development and maintenance of a range of networks. Such spaces include the local church, local-run cafes, parks and community centres. The majority of respondents feared that regeneration would eliminate local services and amenities, and had already seen evidence of this.

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

Workshop: Engage

ETHNICITY MAP

By: Yutong Qiu

FIG.02/ Households

HOUSEHOLDS

There are 731 families in Somers Town with dependent children and 1,479 dependent children. 43.6% of people aged over 65 live alone compared to 42.2% in Camden.

DENSITY MAP

By: Carlotta Olivari

FIG.03/ Density Map

FIG.04/ Ethnicity Map

Population: 6,499 Land area: 92 hectares Low population density at 70.6 people per hectare compared the borough as a whole (105.4pph)

This question holds both theoretical and practical significance in the pursuit of justice in the city. What would it mean—and is it possible—to’reclaim’ this process of regeneration, which many in London have identified as resulting in gentrification and the loss of homes and neighbourhoods for existing residents (Campkin et al., 2013; Porter and Shaw, 2009; Watt, 2013)? And what are the practical tools of planning and advocacy that could support local residents’ diverse claims to the city, which may not always be aligned?

By: Carlotta Olivari

A Regeneration for whom?

(In)visible Geographies

Keplermap.01/ Stories

By: Carlotta Olivari

Website Page.01/ Get Involved

By: Yutong Qiu

By: Carlotta Olivari

Website Page.02/ Interactive Maps

By: Yutong Qiu

GET INVOLVED

Keplermap.02/ Historical Heritages

03.2.

As a tourist, you can easily explore the real historical stories around you, just need to share your location. You can track where all the comments come from, and get the latest local hot topics. You can also see how many movies and novels have described the place you are standing. There must be historical information about the buildings, including style, patrimonial features and so on. By: Carlotta Olivari

Keplermap.03/ Urban Emotions

Our interactive map is open to the public on both mobile phone and website.

How could people get involved?

The most interesting thing is that by collecting pictures, comments and positioning from social media, we can train machines to recognize their facial expression, whether they are indifferent or happy, then visualize these localized emotion symbols on the map.

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

By: Yifan Lin

INTERACTIVE MAP

Application.01/

03.3.

Workshop: Engage

(In)visible Geographies

03.4.

THE COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL NETWORK AND COLLECTIVE MEMORIES

By: Carlotta Olivari

Keplermap.04/ Network

Memoris are no more invisible In order to show the complexity of relations and the deep memory that constructs networks in somerstown, We have established a 3D visualization system to tell you the stories and interpersonal networks inside the building while protecting user privacy. Each network functions within a particular physical space, which highlights the way in which buildings and spaces that may be impacted by regeneration play a multi-functional role in the development and maintenance of a range of networks. Such spaces include the local church, local-run cafes, parks and community centres. The majority of respondents feared that regeneration would eliminate local services and amenities, and had already seen evidence of this.

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

03.5.

Workshop: Engage

PRIVACY PROTECTING ALGORITHMS

user9

user15

user22

user29

user16

user23

user30

user31

user17

user18

user4

user5

user32

user25

user26

user12

user34

user13

user7

user2

user14

user9

user21

user15

user22

user29

user16

user23

user30

user31

user17

user18

user4

user5

user32

user25

user26

user12

user34

user13

user7

user14

By: Carlotta Olivari

user2

FIG.05/ Network

How do algorithms protect the privacy?

user21

Our application allows us to collect different types of data: All the stories, narrations and comments uploaded on the application will be associated with usernames that will protect your real identity. The algorithm will also extract words, such as parks names, community center or bars, to create a geolocalized network of relations present in the Euston Area. “I usually go Somers to Town café since it is informally used as spaces for youth groups or neighbourhood meetings”

If you want, you can also associate your social media accounts to the application. Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest. This will empower the representation of the complex network of people that exist here.

"All we've got really isMagdalen the Club... If we didn't have this we would never see anyone" "They have activities inSurma the centreand they celebrate different religious festivals" "I am worried the council will just built expensive flats onBrill the Place Gardens in the years to come" "Small family businesses have been in Drummond Streetfor 20-30 years" "Pinner Cafèis a focal point of the community. For instance, the local mothers informally meet every - mor ning here, after dropping children off at school"

But we don’t want you to be afraid of your privacy so look: each social media account will be anonymised by creating virtual avatars and virtual usernames.

(In)visible Geographies

03.6.

GO BEHIND THE WALL

How Stories Form Networks Between People and Architecture.

TO EXPLORE MORE STORIES...

It can also be a useful tool for our designers, saving a lot of time and costs spending on field surveys! Today, when the urban characteristics are gradually lost, when the urban landscape is rendered extremely prosperous and high-tech but lost its uniqueness. How can these characters be retained? Are low rating areas should be renovated? Or it could be beneficial from maintaining the uniqueness and creative potential in a multi-class community, rather than people estranged by gentrification. All of these may be embedded in the information network and stories in the community. Now everyone could read the stories behind the facade easily, explore the real world territories and info spaces. Go and find the treasure... Discover magical stories and inspirations...

Expolore the Stories

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

Social Network

By: Yutong Qiu

Historical Heritage

FIG.06/ Vision

Movies & Books

Workshop: Engage

(In)visible Geographies

AA Landscape Urbanism 2020

01.7.

Workshop: Engage

REFERENCES

Allies and Morrison , August 2014 , EUSTON AREA PLAN: HISTORIC AREA ASSESSMENT_Final report, Urban Practitioners Alexandre Apsan Frediani, Tamlyn Monson and Stephanie Butcher, MSc Social Development Practice: Student Report_Reclaiming Regeneration: Negotiating a Citizens_Charter for Euston Area Estes, Nick. 2019. Our History Is the Future. Standing Rock Versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the Long Tradition of Indigenous Resistance Eunsu Kim, David Rosenwasser, Jose Luis Garcia del Castillo Lopez, Urban Emotion: The interrogation of social media and its implications within urban context, Harvard Graduate School of Design Schneiders, Robert Kelley. s.d. «Flooding The Missouri Valley The Politics Of Dam Site Selection And Design», 14

WEBSITES: Space Layouts & GANs_GAN-enabled Floor Plan Generation: https://medium.com/spacemaker-research-blog/space-layouts-gans2329c8f85fe8

Kepler Map: By: Carlotta Olivari

https://issuu.com/bartlettarchucl/docs/bartlett_b-pro_book_2019

Keplermap.01/ Stories By: Carlotta Olivari

https://www.ostagram.me/lenta?locale=en

Keplermap.02/ Historical Heritages By: Carlotta Olivari

ConvNets Scaled Efficiently: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=fC39F8AqPo0

Keplermap.03/ Urban Emotions By: Carlotta Olivari Keplermap.04/ Network By: Carlotta Olivari

FIGURES: FIG.01/ Regeneration for Whom? By: Carlotta Olivari FIG.02/ Households By: Yutong Qiu

DATA SOURCES:

FIG.03/ Density Map By: Carlotta Olivari

https://trends.google.com/trends/ explore?geo=GB-ENG&q=kings%20 cross,Euston,St%20Pancras

FIG.04/ Ethnicity Map By: Carlotta Olivari

https://getdaytrends.com/united-kingdom/london/top/longest/year/

GROWTH STRATEGY FOR EUSTON HS2: Gateway to Central London

FIG.05/ Network By: Carlotta Olivari

https://app.talkwalker.com/

Michael Edwards , 2009, King’s Cross: renaissance for whom?

FIG.06/ Vision By: Yutong Qiu

Swyngedouw, Erik. 2015. Liquid Power: Contested Hydro-Modernities in Twentieth-Century Spain. The MIT Press. https://www.jstor.org/ stable/j.ctt17kk80f

2016, Somers Town Memory Project, A SPACE FOR US (blog): https://aspaceforus.club/ new-family-history/. 2019, Euston-Historic-Assessment 2016, Reclaiming Regeneration: Negotiating a Citizens Charter for Euston Area

Website Development: By: Yutong Qiu

Application Design: By: Yifan Lin Application.01/ By: Yifan Lin

Consequential Landscapes / Booklet Term 1 / 2020 / Landscape Urbanism

Articles inside

AALU/ LANDSCAPE URBANISM 2020-2021 TERM 1 BOOKLET