draft ISOCARP BUZZ ©YPP Year 2018 Volume 27: Cool Planning in New Kristiansand by ISOCARP

YOUNG PLANNING PROFESSIONALS’ WORKSHOP KRISTIANSAND, 2018

YEAR 2018 VOLUME 27

BUZZ ©YPP

COOL PLANNING IN NEW KRISTIANSAND Towards a Sustainable Polycentric Urban Model

© ISOCARP 2018 BUZZ ©YPP Year 2018 Volume 27 Cool Planning in New Kristiansand ISBN: 978-94-90354-55-8 General Editor: Serin Geambazu Design Editor: Yigong Zhang, Karolina Czyzewska, Mengxi Xia Content Editor: Opeyemi Aladekoyi, André Kraemer Goes BUZZ Editor-in-Chief: Zeynep Gunay Published by: ISOCARP 54th ISOCARP WORLD PLANNING CONGRESS 2018 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNERS YOUNG PLANNING PROFESSIONALS’ WORKSHOP Kristiansand, September 24 – 29, 2018

CONTENTS 1- Introduction 1.1 Forward- Zeynep Gunay 1.2 Forward- Christina Rasmussen 1.3 Forward- Thor Skjevrak 1.4 Forward- Vibeke Vold Sunde

4 6 8 9

2- Workshop cases 2.1 Workshop cases 2.2 Sustainability 2.3 Regional Dynamics 2.4 Mobility 2.5 Identity 2.6 Placemaking 2.7 Impressions

10 14 20 26 32 40 46

3- Contributors 3.1 Up-scaling Ambitions- BOYKO Dmitry, Russia 3.2 Emergency Issues- Olga Maximova, Russia 3.3 Travel diary- Wenjing Luo, China

50 52 54

4- Young planning professionals backgrounds

5- Partner institutions and contributors

FORWARD Zeynep Gunay Two Young Planning Professionals’ Workshops were offered this year as part of the 54th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, one in Bodø (27 September – 1 October) and the other in Kristiansand (24-29 September), Norway. Both workshops have been structured responding to a very timely and challenging vision of “Cool Planning”. As defined in the agenda of the Congress, the future of civilisation now more than ever depends on the way we plan and manage our cities and towns. While this agenda calls for aggregate efforts to rethink sustainability, mitigation, resilience and adaptation, how we perceive urbanity appears as the major strategic fields of action in navigating the challenges of our urban future. Thus, the Young Planning Professionals’ Workshops of 2018 not only offered the potential to navigate planning through a ‘cooler’ urbanity, but also they manifested innovative and creative approaches to our 27 years old programme by introducing new modes of methodology such as “Urban Lounges” and “Pecha Kucha Nights”, through which the workshop results were shared with the public, while the YPPs had a chance to share their individual creative spirit and lead their own professional progress. I am highly honored to present this unique publication as the product of this intense urban laboratory towards a challenging path of inspiring the New Kristiansand, solely delivered by the Young Planning Professionals who participated in the 46th Workshop within 53 years of ISOCARP’s history! ISOCARP, since 1965, gets its strength from the motto, Knowledge for Better Cities and it has become the leading 4

global network of planning - the hub of knowledge - by bringing a society into life of unmatched wealth and diversity of professional expertise, knowledge, and experience through its members from over 80 countries across the world. Among the wide array of activities including technical assistance, advisory teams, training programmes, congresses, and publications, the Young Planning Professionals’ Programme is a crucial component of ISOCARP’s dedication to promote and enhance the planning profession and commitment to facilitate knowledge for better cities with the young generations, the future leaders of our profession. Since 1991, it has facilitated a unique creative spirit within the Society, and it has become a source of new ideas, innovation and rejuvenation not only for the Society but also for our partners; and has made a huge impact on participants’ professional lives, in the name of the universal vision of promoting and enhancing planning profession. It has also contributed towards making life-long friendships beyond borders, languages, cultures and professional backgrounds. The 46th ISOCARP Young Planning Professionals’ Workshop has been structured following this unique vision, under the theme of ‘Cool Planning in New Kristiansand’. The workshop adressed a very timely and complex urban challenge as Kristiansand is in the process of amalgamate with two neighbouring municipalities of Søgne and Songdalen. The new municipality ‘New Kristiansand’ will be operational from 01.01.2020. Exploring the different characteristics and identities of the three centres as a basis for developing a polycentric city is important, besides reducing the mental distance between these centres through new ways of transport and communication. The

guiding strategic principles included major focus on environmental, economic and social sustainability, climate change and adaptation. Responding to these fundamentals, the workshop results were structured under 5 main themes: “Regional Sustainability” - Which land use and what kind of landscape concept should be examined, developed or altered in order to ensure sustainable development of the three municipal centers, as to address climate challenges and sustainable development goals?, “Regional Dynamics” - What possibilities and risks for regional development and synergies can follow the merging of the municipalities – urban structure, business, culture, mobility, and so on – now and 50 years on, “Sustainable Mobility and Connectivity” – How can existing or new transportstructures and mobility patterns be developed to assure complementary synergies between the centers Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen? How can transport structures and mobility patterns be renewed through innovative and sustainable solutions?, “Identity” - Which local character should be strengthen (and how) to sustain inhabitants’ own place identity, while profiling the centers in a regional context?, “Place-making” – How can strategic interventions/projects in defined urban spaces and on defined building lots contribute to higher quality of places? The expectations were high! And I have the highest belief that we fulfilled these expectations with the highest commitment and success, and through the most crucial fundamental that makes ISOCARP unique: A team with energy and creative power, such as the Kristiansand itself; and through the great hospitality and commitment of Harald Furre, the Mayor of Kristiansand, Johnny Greibesland,

the Mayor of Songdalen, Astrid Hilde, Mayor of Søgne, Vest-Agder County, Camilla Dunsæd, Future Head of New Kristiansand, Kjell Sverre Langenes, Songdalen Kommune and Planning Advisor for New Kristiansand, Thor Skjevrak, Songdalen Kommune, Vibeke Wold Sunde, Søgne Kommune, Ragna Marie Henden, Kristiansand Kommune, Elin Børrud, Norwegian University of Life Science, and particularly with the incredible commitment, success and hospitality of Knut Felberg, Kristiansand Kommune Head of Urban Development Department and Christina Rasmussen, Kristiansand Kommune and YPP Project Coordinator. While ISOCARP Experts Zeynep Enlil and Martin Dubbeling contributed extensively to share their valuable expertise and knowledge in the expense of their time and effort, the workshop was a product of 18 highly qualified YPPs from 14 countries consisting of the world in itself. I thank all of you, the YPPs, for your creative spirit and becoming part of our ISOCARP World! In my opening speech, I said: Be cool, work hard, have fun! You were cool, you worked hard, I hope you found time to have fun:) I hope this unique project will make an influential and inspiring impact on the way to rethink and reinvent planning for a cooler urban future.

Zeynep Gunay ISOCARP Vice President Young Planning Professionals’ Programme 5

FORWARD Christina Rasmussen Kristiansand has through the years worked for a compact city planning, transformation projects and new housing concepts, effective transportation and connectivity between city and municipal centres. Walking, biking and busses are prioritised when planning for a sustainable future and mobility. Kristiansand is therefore proud to be the Norwegian city with highest cycling percentage, and won this year the Norwegian price of Cykling city. The growing heart of the municipality, Kvadraturen has today about 9000 inhabitants, but we aim to achieve 15.000. Quality, aesthetics and social inclusiveness is crucial. Our work was greeted with the Norwegian price for Attractive city in 2018. As city, Kristiansand is multicultural and inclusive, home to almost 160 nationalities – which reflects in our focus and project A city for everyone. Those values accompanies us in the process of merging the three municipalities. The main strategy for Kristiansand is to be ‘a creative city with ambitions’: the municipality dedicates its work to achieve growth with inherent qualities, enhance local participation and identity-building, promote co-creation as a driving force in our local and regional development, and ensure value and attractivity by sustaining high competence and available resources. The young planning profesionnals were expected to lift our visions and help realising our strategy and potentials when merging with Søgne and Songdalen. The Cool planning workshop and the collaboration with ISOCARP and NMBU was a unique opportunity to set the limelight on our sustainable future in new Kristiansand. Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand municipalities were happy to welcome the seventeen Young Planning Professionals from International Society of City and Regional 6

Planners, together with fifty-five master students from the Norwegian University of Life Science (NMBU) in Ås, in the period of September 24th – 28th. Be cool, work hard, have fun! The motto introduced by vice president Zeynep Gunay at the opening would colour this week of intense work, exciting knowledge-sharing and positively inspiring workshop. The process of merging the three municipalities offers challenges and potentials which we expected the young planning professionals and master student to examine with their different cultural backgrounds and experiences, and bring enthusiastic and fresh ideas for the future development of new Kristiansand – to use the words of Martin Dubbeling, president for ISOCARP and coordinator for the workshop. The new municipality must be relevant for its citizens locally, with good places and vibrant communities – as it already has today – while defining itself on a regional, national and international level. The workshop participants were expected to propose new innovative perspectives and ideas for future development of the municipality and its centres. We also hoped to engage local citizens, planners and politicians, to inspire and trigger curiosity through interesting events and arenas for knowledge sharing and for dialog. Engaging and inspiring the citizens is important. They are the ‘specialists’ of everyday life, they define what are the qualities and identities of the places where they live, work and use the facilities. Both the young planning profesionnals and the Norwegian master students threw themselves into the locations, studied and analysed the places, experienced the transport connections between the three centres, interacted with people on the street and raised relevant questions. They worked hard and intensively, and delivered a remarkable set

of considerations, advices and ideas for the municipalities to work on. Our three mayors Astrid Hilde, Johnny Greibesland and Harald Furre expressed high expectations to the work of the young planners at the opening of the Cool planning week on September 24th. New Kristiansand has the ambition to build the best Norwegian municipality to live and work in, for our citizens and with our citizens: a quality-conscious and inclusive municipality, an attractive and extrovert municipality, a nationally leading and internationally oriented municipality, and a well-managed and development oriented municipality. Addressing the three municipalities equally and conveying distinctive strength and characteristics for Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand is essential in the process of building new Kristiansand. The young planning professionals were therefore asked to focus on local identities and qualities, sustainable and smart solutions, strong synergies within a common living and labour marked. Indeed – in new Kristiansand, 1+1+1 becomes more than 3! Martin Dubbeling suggested in his article, preparing for the workshop, that “the international young planning professionals will draft under the unifying motto ‘Together we make the new Kristiansand’” reminding us of the importance of people’s participation and stakeholder cooperation when planning for our new municipality. The motto cannot be more fitting to our ambitions when planning and building the new municipality. Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand would like to thank the young planning professionals, as well as the master students from NMBU, for their dedication to understand the locations, the challenges and qualities of each, and form

comprehensive reflections on the future development of Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen within new Kristiansand. Next to highly qualified analysis and work from the young planners, we would like also to highlight inspirational meetings and exchanges between the young planners, local partners, local planners and public participating at the events of the week. We would like to thank Martin Dubbeling and Zeynep Enlil, the ISOCARP coordinators, for inspirational and extremely relevant contribution to the work of the young planners, to our work as municipal planners and to the realisation of the workshop. Thank you to Zeynep Gunay for the good collaboration and logistics in the making and organisation of the workshop. We would like as well to acknowledge valuable partners for the realisation of the Cool planning in new Kristiansand workshop: the Department of global development and planning at the University of Agder; Kristiansand library and Kristiansand Kunsthall; Kristiansand Teateret. As well as Vest-Agder county and the ministry of Local Government and Modernisation for financial contributions. And thank you to Kath Davies, Creative Economy Manager at Kirklees Council, for inspirational talks and exchanges during our workshop.

Christina Rasmussen Urban planner and YPP local project manager on behalf of the local organisation committee and all three municipalities. 7

FOREWORD BY SØGNE MUNICIPALITY Vibeke Vold Sunde

Søgne is a coastal municipality in Vest-Agder with Tangvall as municipal town centre. Søgne has a high amount of forestry and an attractive archipelago and coastline. Olavsundet and the coastal fortress in Ny-Hellesund are popular destinations in the archipelago. The municipality has a flourishing trade and industry. Public and private service institutions contribute to make Søgne a good place to live and grow up in. Many people seek to live in Søgne because of the country and seaside lifestyle. Life close to the sea attracts many. Tourism and summer cabins causes therefore a significant increase in population in summertime. Growth and housing development contribute to pressure on shoreline areas and agricultural land. At the same time, many citizens commute to work in Kristiansand on a daily basis. The challenge for Søgne is how to maintain a small town centre like Tangvall in the new big municipality of Kristiansand? How to develop our suburbian townlife with vibrant local business, variety of shops, local schools and child care, retirement homes, offices and housing, as to ensure that Søgne can continue to be a good place to live, grow up in and get old in. The merging of the three municipalities should help us plan for better population growth, sustainable planning, good work and living areas, as well as good public transportation. Søgne municipality is optimistic and welcomes the input of the young planning professionals on those challenges and issues. 8

Vibeke Vold Sunde Urban planner at Søgne municipality and member of local organisastion committee for the workshop Cool planning in new Kristiansand

FOREWORD BY SONGDALEN MUNICIPALITY Thor Skjevrak

For Songdalen, one word is important word since we first began preparing for the Cool planning workshop: polycentric â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the polycentric structure within the new municipality. Today Nodeland is our administrative centre with its townhall, health office, dentist, grocery shops, bank, library, nursing home and more. All these institutions are important for an active and lively centre. How to sustain attractivity and livability in Nodeland within the new municipal borders? During the last years, Nodeland and Songdalen have been flourishing with positive development, contributing to a positive branding of the municipality. Songdalen and its centre Nodeland are in good shape. How to ensure this continues in the new municipality? In new Kristiansand, Nodeland will be the only centre with a railway station, in addition to Kristiansand station, where trains stop between Oslo and Stavanger. That is a big advantage! Bus connections are good as well. In new Kristiansand, Songdalen hopes to stand as the district where people can live both near nature and close to the big city.

to understand the daily living in Nodeland, and came with proposals on how to continue our positive development within new Kristiansand. The concluding exhibition shows many interesting ideas and thoughts on how to develop Nodeland; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. We also look forward to hear the final proposals from the master students from NMBU, which they present on December 7th.

Thor Skjevrak Urban planner at Songdalen municipality and member of local organisation committee for the workshop Cool planning in new Kristiansand

Songdalen municipality expected the young planning professionals and the Cool planning workshop to bring creative suggestions and ideas, on how to keep and develop todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s local positive conditions and characteristics, as valuable assets for the future new municipality. We experienced a lot of hard working, eagerness and interest from the master students from NMBU and the young planning professionals from ISOCARP. They worked 9

WORKSHOP CASE Kristiansand, S0gne and Songdalen are in the process of merging their municipalities. The process involves some 8000 municipal employees and 110.000 inhabitants. New Kristiansand will be operational from 01.01.2020. The centre of gravity will inevitably shift towards the west, and the three municipal centres Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen will have to work together. The workshop participants will be looking at: How new Kristiansand can develop as a polycentric city? How can these three centres complement and strengthen each other to make the new municipality not only more competitive, but also more dynamic and interesting for the inhabitants? Exploring the different characteristics and identities of the three centres as a basis for developing a polycentric city is important, besides reducing the mental distance between these centres through new ways of transport and communication. The guiding strategic principles include major focus on environmental, economic and social sustainability, climate change and adaptation. The municipalities outlined some thematic reflections for the workshop. The workshop participants had to choose and combine at least two of the following reflections and integrate them in their proposition for new Kristiansand, Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen: Connectivity and mobility: How can existing or new transportstructures and mobility patterns be developed to assure complementary synergies between the centres Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen? Character and identity: Which local character should be strengthen [and how] to sustain inhabitantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; own place identity in Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen, while profiling the centres in a regional context? 10

Sustainability and climate: Which land use and what kind of landscape concept should be examined, developed or altered in order to ensure sustainable development [social, ecological and economical] of the three municipal centres, as to address climate challenges [SDGs]? Interventions and placemaking: How can strategic interventions/projects in defined urban spaces and on defined building lots contribute to higher quality of places? Smart and innovative: How can Tangvall, Nodeland and/ or Kvadraturen develop with use of smart technology and innovative solutions as to contribute to quality of life locally, sustainable business development, knowledge, and profiling the centres on regional and national levels? New typo-morphologies: How can housing types, business and architecture address demographic trends locally and regionally? What would this mean for the real estate in new Kristiansand? Impact on regional dynamics: What possibilities and risks for regional development and synergies can follow the merging of the municipalities - urban structure, business, culture, mobility, and so on - now and 50 years on? Centre structure in new Kristiansand: How would the centre structure in new Kristiansand look like, with which qualities, attractivities and consequences for the daily life and [transport] flows of its inhabitants - also for less mobile inhabitants, children, youth and elderly?

TANGVALL CENTRE IN S0GNE S0gne is today a small coastal municipality in the southern part of Norway, west of Kristiansand. With over 1200 islands and islets, and beautiful nature, the municipality is known as a good place to spend summer holidays. By 2018 S0gne had a population of about 11.300 inhabitants. S0gne has attractive living areas, while many of the inhabitants work outside from the municipality. About 40 % of the working population commute to Kristiansand on a daily basis. Most of the traveling between work and home are by car. There is a common goal in the region to get more trips from car over to bus, bike or walking. The Norwegian government defines a national ambition and goal, which specifies that all growth in private transportation towards 2030 should be taken by walking, biking and public transportation [train and bus]. It is known as the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;zero-growth goalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in private car transportation [in Norwegian: nullvekstmaletl. Tangvall is the administrative centre of S0gne municipality. The centre is located along the European route E39, the highway between Oslo and Stavanger, and next to the river S0gneelva. South from Tangvall lays productive agricultural land, and in the north are forest areas used for outdoor recreation. The agricultural lands are considered as absolute boundaries for further developing of the city centre of Tangvall. While S0gne has a long history, Tangvall has a relatively short history as administrative centre. The first urban functions came in 1968. Tangvall was introduced as administrative centre in 1974. Today Tangvall contains the city hall, a secondary school, housing, sports arenas, shops, nursing homes and other service functions. Tangvall as a place has developed at a crossroad and in an agricultural area. The centre is therefore designed to fit car use and is recognisable by large parking areas, several round-about and roads. Large parts of Tangvall are now under planning and we have a great opportunity to transform and better the qualities of the place. A new junior college near to the inner city and bus terminal, together with upgrading

of the common public areas, new apartment buildings whit public functions on the ground floor and underground parking, are some of the currently ongoing projects. Our goal is to connect Tangvall better to the surrounding nature qualities and to make it to a better place to live and visit. NODELAND CENTRE IN SONG DALEN Songdalen is 217 km2. The municipality does not have any coastline, but a variety of natures - forests, lakes, farmlands and, of course, the river Songdalselva. The river runs down to S0gne and becomes S0gneelva. Today Songdalen counts about 6. 700 inhabitants. About 5.500 of them live in the southern part and about 1.000 live in the northern part. The municipality was established in 1964 with about 2.950 inhabitants. Kristiansand had then about 50.200 inhabitants. Since 1964, Songdalen has had a larger percentage of population growth than Kristiansand. Most inhabitants are concentrated in single housing around the villages of Nodeland, Nodelandsheia, Brennasen, Rosseland, Volle berg and Kilen. The last 10 years many new flats have been built, although still 85% of the population live in single houses. People live and work in Songdalen. Many work in other municipalities, especially Kristiansand and S0gne, but Songdalen has as well many workplaces. The industrial area Mjavann has about 1.500 actives working in various companies. While many people leave Songdalen in the mornings, many also commute from other municipalities to workplaces in Songdalen. The municipality has as well some living challenges. The level of education is lower than the average in the region of Kristiansand, a high share of immigrants [refugees and asylum seekers]. higher drop-out rate in high school than the average in the region, and a higher share of children living in families with lower income than the average share in the county and country. Songdalselva challenges spatial planning in Nodeland, as weather and climate become wetter and wilder. The river is also a protected watercourse, an untouched meandering river- like the Nile I 11

A new spatial plan for the municipal centre is under elaboration. The strength of Nodeland are the railway, short distance to Kristiansand and the surrounding nature, especially the river. One of the main goals are to contribute to make it attractive for inhabitants to spend more time here. The centre should be characterised with living conditions of high quality, and a place where it is possible to make sensible transportation choices. The railway Sørlandsbanen goes through Nodeland, and in a way, created Nodeland. The railway is a central part of our identity and pride, a big asset for the town. In new Kristiansand Nodeland will be the only town where trains are stopping, and about 8 minutes from Kristiansand station. This will contribute to achieve the national goal of private transportation until 2030 to be taken by public transportation (train and bus). Songdalen as organization has been working hard and constructively in years as to address living challenges both at political level and in the municipal administration. The municipality has received prizes and positive attention for reducing part-time positions, strong focus on public health, schools and more. The development of Songdalen in many ways has been a successful brand. To keep on the good work and positive development is important when integrating the new municipality from 2020. The development of a polycentric centre structure is therefore important for Songdalen. PRESENTING KVADRATUREN IN KRISTIANSAND Kristiansand is the administrative, business and cultural capital of Southern Norway with Kvadraturen at its heart. The city was established in 1641. In the 20th century the city expanded beyond the the surface of Kvadraturen to neighbourhoods on Lund and Grim. The development of the railway Sørlandsbanen and the harbour activities were important for the city. Today Kristiansand is connected to 12

Oslo and Stavanger by train, to Denmark by ferry and to Europe by plane. Kristiansand has currently a population of 92.000. Immigrants are about 14,3% of the population coming from Poland, Denmark, Vietnam, Somalia, Irak, Syria, Afghanistand – up to 152 different nations. Much of the employment in Kristiansand region is in sectors such as building and construction, industry, accommodation and catering, commerce and personal services. More than 4,000 people are employed in the process industry and material production, and more than 8,000 work in the offshore sector. The University is located just a few kilometres from Kvadraturen, and has up to 9000 students. Together with the campus in Grimstad it comprehends 1200 employees. Another important knowledge and innovation hub is the regional hospital Sørlandet sykehus, located just 2 kilometres from Kvadraturen. The hospital will be developed in the coming years to an urban health cluster with related institutions and businesses, both private and public. The geographical proximity to the European continent, nature and the wide range of cultural activities is making the region an attractive place to live. Challenges relate to global megatrends such as climate change, demographic change, globalisation, urbanisation and digitisation. Main challenges will lie in major changes in demography as regards proportion of elderly people and disease, challenges for living conditions and changes in business structure and climate. Kristiansand has also living condition challenges related to immigration, young social assistance recipients, children in low-income families as well as lower education levels in the population. Kristiansand must have stronger growth in employment and value creation in order to keep up with the development in other metropolitan areas. Innovation through entrepreneurship is crucial for

the region’s adaptability. When planning for our sustainable future, the city needs to address the global megatrends, together with local opportunities and challenges. Four focus areas are identified in the strategic main municipal plan: co-creation as a driving force, expertise for value creation, participation and belonging, urban growth with quality. Kristiansand has the vision to be A creative city with ambitions, described in the strategic main municipal plan. The development of the urban city, compact and infill projects in Kvadraturen have gained focus in the latest years. Kilden is the second largest cultural centre in Norway. Complete transformation of several urban quarters and historical building in the city centre, and soon the new part of the city on Odderøya, Kanalbyen with the old silo transformed into

a contemporary art museum, are some of many projects. There is also a high focus on city life, creating and improving urban places within Kvadraturen. The latest endorsed plan for removing car parking from the streets and prioritise street area for pedestrian, bikes, bus lanes, city life and retail, was an important process. The city received in 2018 the government’s prize for most attractive city in Norway, for all the hard work in developing Kvadraturen to a sustainable and qualitative place to be and live. There is a clear political awareness that urban development does not happens by itself, but is a cooperation between public sector, developers, businesses, industries and the citizens – the City is an agent for change. Planning for the future should be based on a dynamic planning system that provides room for strategic innovation and plans that give ownership and predictability.

Dmitry Boyko Land Use Planner

Gamuchirai Mutezo Urban & Energy Planner

Anne Welch Regional and Rural Planner

Yigong Zhang (Eco) Urban Designer

SUSTAINABILITY

COOLPRINT- NEW KRISTIANSAND Working towards a sustainable New Kristiansand: Environmentally, Socially and Economically

The rural areas of Songdalen and SĂ¸gne provide opportunites for agro- and eco- tourism through festivals, trails, and farm-to-table partnerships.

Create Regional and Local Economic Development Plans to assess primary industry needs as well as identify small scale business opportunities

Integrated development activities should be encouraged along the corridors to connect various nodal points

Each neighborhood district has strong public spaces such as town squares, libraries, and small parks that provide engaging spaces and unique local identities

Merging the 3 municipalities paves way for New Kristiansandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Regional Sustainability & Climate Change Strategy

KEY Primary Nodal Growth Points Secondary Nodal Growth Points Development Corridors Industrial Node Retail Node

Although Krisiansand is currently the most dense area of the region, with the strongest socio-economic activities; nodes of growth and development with similar structures are developing in the region.

ENVIRONMENTAL

We have identified key actions that New Kristiansand could benefit from, including: expanding regional bikeways, building bioswales and stormwater retention parks for flood management, adopting a Regional Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Plan, identifying eco-tourism and retreat potential in smaller localities and considering implementing a high frequency bus system. Flooding is an existing threat that New Kristiansand must work to mitigate, especially as development increased with densification, creating additional stormwater and drainage issues. These problems will only be increased with the effects of climate change. One solution is through multipurpose infrastructure.

The Historic Fourth Ward Park, in Atlanta, GA is a 17-acre park and greenspace that is host to a 2-acre storm water retention basin, open lawns and passive greenspace, a playground, a splashpad, an outdoor theater. Prior to the construction of this park this area was an abandoned lot, strewn with trash and cracked asphalt; an urban form that only exacerbated the storm water runoff and flooding issues that plagued the surrounding residential neighborhoods. The 2-acre lake serves as a storm water detention basin, which increases sewer capacity, reduces the burdens on an aging infrastructure, and minimizes downstream flooding and property damage. Its construction has also allowed for dense mixed-use developments to be constructed in the parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surrounding areas. 17

SOCIAL We think New Kristiansand could benefit from creating a regional identity and strenthen the existing local identity by involving the various communities. Also, the new city could attract skilled labour from beyond Norway to complement growth. The services of the Kristiansand Event Planner could be extended to regional level. One other possibility would be to form Neighborhood Advisory or planning units to co-create future development plans. Agro-tourism and eco-tourism can provide important social connections between the urban areas and the many rural farm areas of New Kristiansand. These industries help create a sense of regional identity that includes all aspects of the region, and can also be a boom for tourism. Farm-to-

Table cultural trails can be developed based off of festivals and agro-tourism events. One such example is the Knysna Oyster Festival in Western Cabe, South Africa. This hugely popular event celebrates good life and sport over a 10 day period, and includes events such as a Forest Marathon, the Argus Rotary Cycle Tour, and a Drift Drive Challenge. Wade bales Wine Festival and a Whiskey bowls Tournament showcase local distilleries; and the main event a regional train of 30 hotspots serving fresh local oysters, served cooked or on the shell. This even showcases local farmers, distilleries, and fishermen, and gives the area a sense of identity.

ECONOMIC New Kristiansand need to devleop a Regional Economic Development plan, identify incentives for small business development in smaller municipalities. Establish enterprise development hubs and create Workforce Development Programs and Satellite Campuses in Songdalen and SĂ¸gne Co-working spaces and start-up hubs provide opportunities and assistance for aspiring and current entrepreneurs to co-create, network, and access assistance and resources in one facility. New Kristiansand should consider supporting these types of innovation hubs in its neighborhood centers, particularly in Tangvall and Nodeland. These centers could help spur local economies and could attract younger generations or new citizens to these areas, where densification provides opportunities for innovation and growth. Examples of these spaces can be found worldwide such as Station F in Paris France and GEN Africa-22 on SLOANE in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Opeyemi Aladekoyi Urban Planner

AndrĂŠ Kraemer Goes Urban Planner

Wenjing Luo (Helen) Urban Designer

REGIONAL DYNAMICS

Key Question

Vision

When working on the topic of Regional Dynamics, our main approach was to rephrase our question: how can we make the New Kris¬tiansand become greater than the sum of the three munic¬ipalities?

Based on these observations, we used a metaphor to visual¬ize New Kristiansand: the one of a ‘hanging vine’. To achieve sustainable growth, distributed in a manner that is fair for the three localities, the New Kristiansand must grow as a whole, but also each locality must thrive on their own. The reason we would like to use this plant as visions is not just because the pattern matches with the regional spatial structures due to its characteristic natural barriers, but also because it brings in it the meaning of sustainable growth. By looking beyond time and regions, New Kristiansand can be seen evergreen as a powering motor for the whole of Alder County, a sparkling centre for industrial innovation in Norway and a rising and attractive star in the Nordic Region.

Observations In the struggle for answering this ridiculous-looking math problem, we have reached one consensus: that Kristiansand can be characterized as a gateway from Southern Norway to the European “continent”, a leader in innovation and an attractive place for the Nordic youth to work and thrive. Songdalen, on its place, suffers from being physically close, but mentally dis¬tant from the other two cities to be merged, as the roads to it do not offer any attractivity. It has an underused train station and a series of ecological limitations – that can be transformed in potential! Søgne, with its long history connected to the boat and fishing industry, has great potential for upgrading its tourism infrastructure and grow as a destination for the Norwegian summer.

HANGING VINE

Strategies With the principles of following up flows, cooling down forms, metaphors were used to visualize the strategies. First, make more veins to deliver the flows – referring to mo¬bility and connectivity. Second, make more nutrition to increase the flows – by developing each cities’ potential. Third, make more nodes to retain the flows – through providing adequate urban infrastructure so that all three areas can thrive on their own.

We propose to increase intangible connectivity among the three municipalities by orga¬nizing Water Theme Festivals in the venues that will rotated between river, sea and lake venues, linking the common – and current¬ly unperceived element of connection between these three municipalities: the water. We propose more digitalization, so that a cyber network can be established in New Kristiansand. Sensor systems can be used to locate and understand people’s flows, allowing the establishment of flexible transit systems that adapt to the corresponding flows. This means that you will not have to stand in the rain while waiting for buses or train! As for tangible connectivity, bike lanes can be better designed to stimulate green flows and make them more frequent. Bike festivals can also be organized. For making the mental distances between the three locations shorter, we also suggest that the road landscape among can be rethought through attractive redesign, in order to create more tempting and seductive trips to commuters – especially those passively sitting in a bus.

More veins for increased green mobility 23

REGIONAL DYNAMICS

Considering Kristiansand is well-established as a leader in innovation, it can be proposed to take up higher levels of the innovation value chain and develop as a glowing inno¬vation zone in the regions, so as to increase more talent flows from the Nordic Regions. Being a lighthouse for New Kristiansand, the region of the actual Kristiansand is already its YELLOW innovation zone. As for Songdalen, we take the refer¬ence of Japan’s Green Valley: a region of only about 6000 habitants, which turned itself into a haven for innovators, attracted by its natural landscape and its traditional agriculture. Furthermore, agriculture could be made a tourist attraction, forming a GREEN innovation zone for the region. With a long history in fishing and boating, Søgne’s economy can be better nourished by increasing and upgrading its marine industries. This could be done through the de¬velopment of BLUE innovation zone, connecting university, business incubators and the industrial sector, as well as becoming more involved in the already existing EYDE cluster. 24

As for Kristiansand, big events and festivals have been pro¬posed to hold in the currently inaccessible seashore, increasing the attractivity to people from all over the Nordic Countries. We also believe that the outdoor comfort of the Cultural Square in Kristiansand could be improved, with the introduction of flex¬ible stoas (ref.: Sidewalk Labs’ proposal for Toronto, Canada). These could promote year-round use, making open areas better adapted to the Norwegian climate. The nodes of Songdalen can be enhanced by improving its strategic position as a portal. The underused train station in the train line between Oslo and Stavanger can make it a regional gateway, increasing the railway flows from all parts of Norway. To make full use of the potential of Søgne, we propose that its connections with the water and the seashore could be better integrated into the city – consequently expanding the existing cabins infrastructure and its potential for being Norway’s number 1 Summer destination.

HANGING VINE Growing as a whole - thriving on their own FLOW! GROW! GLOW! â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that is the secret how to make New Kristiansand greater than the simple sum of the three municipalities!

Image Narrative if any 25

Serin Geambazu Urban Manager

Silvia Tomasi Energy Planner

Yuxiao Xu (Harry) Urban Planner

MOBILITY

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE NEW KRISTIANSAND

INTRODUCTION The future New Kristiansand municipality is located in the Vest-Agder region, which is also one of the most virtuous among the Norwegian regions in terms of both electricity production and consumption: in fact, the 97% of electricity in region is produced from renewable energy sources, namely hydropower, and it is the third among all Norwegian regions with the lowest per capita electricity consumption. For what concerns regional and energy planning, Norway has among the objectives of its National Transport Plan the growth of passenger transport in urban areas, which should be taken by public transport, bicycle and corridors. Accordingly to this national goal, also the 3 municipalities of Kristiansand, Songdalen and Søgne included this objective in their Municipal Plans. In fact, Songdalen in its masterplan highlights the goal of reducing CO2 emissions by facilitating efficient transport solutions. Søgne, also aims to reduce emissions by fostering green transport, and finally Kristiansand has the objective of reducing by 80% until 2050. Hence, the three municipalities have ambitious goals, but the current situation is that less than 10% of local population takes public transport, while more than the half of them uses private cars for moving around.

An assessment of the data of daily commuters among the three municipalities shows very strong flows to Kristiansand, but also commuting from Kristiansand to the other two centers and among Songdalen and Søgne. We assume that the half of these persons commute by private car, and less than 10% by public mobility service. Currently, the mobility infrastructure that connects the three municipalities among them and to the outside of the region is broad: highway, railway, bus lines and an airport. However, these infrastructures are insufficient in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Some evidence about the challenges that residents face today in travelling among the three municipalities has emerged during the field work. Challenges were noticed about the connection between Kristiansand and Søgne: just 1 or 2 buses per hour and by car it takes almost half the time. In Songdalen there is not sufficient shelter on the platform to wait for the train, which could discourage

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE NEW KRISTIANSAND

commuters to take the train above all in winter when temperatures are severe. Moreover, there are very few journeys during the day to and from Kristiansand â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 8, even if they are very efficient: it takes up to 11 minutes to travel from one center to the other. Finally, to travel from SĂ¸gne to Songdalen by public transport you need to change bus, and it takes more than half an hour, while by car less than 10 minutes. No wonder people do not take public transport!

PROPOSAL Once detected the mobility challenges that need to be addressed by the creation of the New Kristiansand municipality our team developed some proposals, tackling the research question: How can transport structures and mobility patterns be renewed through innovative and sustainable solutions? 1.New Kristiansand connected: Within connection among the three municipalities is currently by highway, railway, and bikeway. Connections both with trains and buses are lacking and people prefer to move with private car, which leads to traffic congestion in peak hours. 29

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE NEW KRISTIANSAND

Smart people, smart climate

Connection with outside the region is now possible through the local airport of Kristiansand, Kjevik with daily flights to other Norwegian and European cities and trains to Oslo and Stavanger. Although, the airport lacks connection to city center by public transport. Therefore, we suggest enhancing the connection by increasing the frequency of trains and electric buses and planning a Bus Rapid Transit connecting the city centers with its designate line for peak hours. Connected, within and beyond!

3.Last-Mile Mobility: In order to encourage the use of public transport in the new municipality we suggest creating an electric bike-sharing service, for residents to easily ride from their homes to bus and train stations and from the station to their final destination, and also for tourists to ride to the countryside or the seaside. Electric bikes make mobility accessible also for the elderly. One card allows users to access the e-bikes easily in the three centers. Sharing is caring/biking!

2. Social Transport Hubs: We propose to create next to the local bus and train stations a place where either daily commuters can wait for public transport in a comfortable environment, or local residents can gather together to relax in front of a cup of coffee or tea, or it could even be a space for co-working. We challenge the potential users of such social transport hubs to think about their needs and how the social hub could improve their living place. We identified three spots for the hubs, based on each siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s charactieristics. You find the use, we make space!

4.Smart Mobility App: Finally, we propose a Smart Mobility App that allows users to plan their trips by foot, bike, bus, train, flight, and to buy the tickets when needed. The app also shows meetings and cultural events taking place in the social transport hubs. Moreover, the app offers a contest for users: by using the public transport the user avoids emissions, and therefore earns credits to be used in the Social Transport Hubs, like to buy coffee, public transport or flight tickets!

Karolina Czyzewska Architect

Dicle KÄązÄąldere Architect

Olga Maksimova Architect and Urbanist

Bipul Nayak Urban Planner

IDENTITY

UNIQUE CENTERS FOR MUNICIPALITY OF NEW KRISTIANSAND The development of the New Kristiansand as a polycentric model proposes identification of the main characteristics and usage of each center and its transformation trajectories. By creating and improvement of different functions and usage for the each center, It is aimed to strengthened the

consciousness common identity and usage of urban space. During the analytic stage, there were defined the main unique characteristics for each municipality that represent the strengths of each center.

Team of Young Planning Professionals Working in 4-person team: Karolina Czyzewska (Poland), Olga Maximowa (Russia), Dilce Kizildere (Turkey), Bipul Nayak (Indie) the New Kristiansand as a polycentric model has been developed. Work proffesionals proposed identification of the main characteristics of each center and its evolution. The differences of each other supposed to represent the strengths for common future.

During the analytic stage, there were defined the main unique characteristics for each municipality that represent the strengths of each center. On this basis, the common identical elements of each municipalities were defines as follows: 1) For municipalities Songdalen and SĂ¸gne: River valley of Songdalselva; Green hills and forests; 2) For municipalities SĂ¸gne and Kristiansand: Seaside; Green hills and forest; 3) For municipalities Songdalen and Kristiansand: Railway; Green hills and forests.

For the development of the polycentric model the main strategic ideas were proposed like so: the enhancement of the urban landscape; the improvement of the tourism at the landscape park between OksĂ¸y-Ryvingen and HĂ¸llen; to increase the usage of the seaside by creating the new seaside connection between Kristiansand and HĂ¸llen by boat itinerary; to improve the urban landscape of river valley of Songdalselva by creating the sport river park; to improve the urban landscape of natural hills and forests by creating new attractive hiking routs; to improve the railway connection between Kristiansand and Songdalen and the mobility of all of 3 municipalities.

Søgne municipality.Main characteristics: - Port, country side - Natural resources: agriculture, fishing - Landscape park Oksøy-Ryvingen (islands) - Natural environment: Seaside, hills, forests, hiking areas. Proposal – 3 ideas for Søgne: 1) Tourism: to improve the touristic axes between Tangvall and Høllen by improving the density of hiking routes in the municipality thence local as well as foreign tourist in the region. 2) Gastronomic- food industry: To improve the gastronomic axes between Tangvall and Høllen. The long coastal line along the region can help satisfy the craving for local sea food. 3) Eco-Campus: to improve the city center by enriching with educational function . New activities for Tangvall and Høllen can be strictly connected to educational function such as ecocampus, ﬁshing activities and food education.

Songdalen municipality - main characteristics: - River Songdalselva which is a frequent flooding in the river valley; - Existence of many agricultural camps; - Railway station - High presence of natural elements such as hills and forests - Significant presence of immigrants and elderly people.Proposal – 3 ideas for Songdalen: 1) Sport river park: improvement of sport activities (swimming and canoe), outdoor activities by using natural resources (fishing) and tourism. 2) Educational and research center (education, flood research, studentification, densification, workshop and meeting stations, work stations). 3) Center of Multiculturality (social mix, multicultural center, integration, migration, elder population, common ground, market place, playgrounds, outdoor meeting areas, public activity spaces).

Kristiansand municipality - characteristics: - historical city;- cultural capital;- port city, costal sea side;- business capital;- technological industry;- green engineering; - research and educational center;- creative center;- river side and sea side;- green city;- visual connection (between hills and water).Proposal - New creative center for New Kristiansand:Transform the city center: to connect the city and the sea by visual axes by connecting the industrial port on the left seaside of the center of Kristiansand in order to retrieve its significance. To replace industrial functions with creative industries and forming new creative center by investing cultural capital, creative industries, creative public activities, user generated spaces. 39

Gรถrsev Argin City and Regional Planner

Viktor Korotych Urban Planner

Mengxi Xia (Summer) Urban Planner

PLACEMAKING

URBANATURE Exploring identities and possibilities of placemaking for the New Kristiansand

In the year of 2020, the ‘New Kristiansand’ will be developed by merging three neighbouring municipalities in the east side of Norway: Kristiansand, Søgne and Songdalen. Our question is how three centers of these municipalities can come together and develop a ‘new’ polycentric city and how the tool of placemaking can be used to realize this?

NEW KRISTIANSAND , NEW LIFESTYLE?

CITY IMAGE

Instead of defining one ‘New Kristiansand’, the ‘URBANATURE’ proposal suggests several placemaking scenarios for these three municipal centers by using a common placemaking language which differentiates depending on their divergent and particular identities. With this in mind, we focus on three municipal centers from these three regions: Kvadraturen from Kristiansand, Nodeland from Songdalen and Tangvall from Søgne.

‘New Kristiansand’ is defined with a “new” lifestyle which is more urban, directly connected with dense urban fabric, compact structure, developed public transport and vibrant public spaces.

KRISTIANSAND

In this respect, we tried to answer the question of how to support this “desired” lifestyle transition -and in what extent- with the tool of placemaking both in the urban and regional scale?

Our proposal to answer this question is to consider placemaking tool with a gradient between natural and urban character of the landscape. By using the URBANATURE code we can define future of public spaces of these three municipal centers by emphasizing their particular identities.

TANGVALL

NODELAND

IDENTITIES While discovering local identities of these centers, we define the key features for each town. Nodeland has a linear structure and serving as a gateway for the northern agriculture part of the existing municipality area. Tangvall, on the other hand, is a service center for surrounding area and has a completely different scale of

building typology. Lastly, Kristiansand can be defined as an urban core that contains 3 well-defined areas : Grid city Kvadraturen, Hill-city Lund and Campus-city. In this respect, we propose three identity cards for each place which reflect and emphasize their existing identity: ‘Oak Alley’ for linear and natural Nodeland, and ‘Light House’ for compact and visible Tangvall, ‘Capital’ for the core of Kristiansand, Kvadraturen.

Nodeland - Oak Alley Nodeland is very close to the nature in the URBANNATURE gradient of our proposal and defined as the ‘Oak Alley’ of the New Kristiansand. To emphasize this identity, our proposal focuses on the natural landscape of the river valley by proposing rain gardens and a wetland park. The urbanized parts of the town can be improved by transforming the main road into a well-designed local street by redesigning the section of the street. In overall, the character of Nodeland is balanced with strong natural components and redefined as a ‘green linear town’.

Tangvall - Lighthouse Tangvall is conceptualized as the ‘Light House’ with the motto of ‘Compact as a castle, visible as a lighthouse”. To support this identity, we suggested to develop a compact town structure and improve the streetscape. We also propose a convenient link between the river and the center and to relocate the bus station in front of the existing municipality office. It should be highlighted that, the scale of building typology in Tangvall shows significant difference than other parts of its region. In our proposal, we suggest to avoid any extension of this typology to the countryside. The 44

Nodeland - Oak Alley

Tangvall - Lighthouse

PLACE MAKING Conclusion The URBANATURE gradient gives us the possibility to develop these three centers by using the same green and blue placemaking tools, only in different shades with respect to their own existing identities.

overall character of Tangvall can be like pieces of urban fabric with natural surroundings. In addition, local planners have already proposed a tower in the center. This can be a good opportunity to enhance our proposed lighthouse identity and improve the sense of direction.

Kristiansand - Capital Kristiansand is defined as the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Capitalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of this polycentric structure. With this in mind, we propose several improvements in the public space system of the city. First of all, waterfront continuity was optimized by connecting existing segregated public spaces. Secondly, the existing public transportation hub could be proposed serving as a center for the new development area and also be well connected with the Kvadraturen grid. An inspirational example for this can be found in the new eastern part of Kvadraturen. Kristiansand and especially Kvadraturen shows mostly an urbanized pattern with lack of a significant natural landscape. This can be changed by creating a green street which starts from the forest passing school plot and ends in the waterfront which can also function as a rain garden with driange. Kristiansand - Capital 45

IMPRESSIONS

To the workshop came one professor, two assistant teachers and fifty-five students. They are students from three different master programs from NMBU, regionaland urban planning, landscape architecture and property development, and all taught at the Norwegian University of life sciences at Ås. Be cool, work hard, have fun - what a motto! It was great to be there, finally. We started to plan our participation in the event about a year earlier. Elin Børrud had then for a period thought about Kristiansand as an interesting case for her students and studio course. When Knut Felberg from Kristiansand municipality came up with this idea, to join forces to do this workshop, it was easy to say ‘yes’. Being there at the young planning professionals’ workshop week was just a small part of our project. A project we have named « Kristiansand double + » because of all the synergies, we believe are embedded in this case. Our students started in the fall and have now further explored the potential to develop smaller plots within the three centres; they will hand in their projects in November. What they did during this week in September 2018 was just the beginning of their exploration. 46

Our first sight of Kristiansand was of a city thoroughly cleansed from a storm of epic proportions. Branches were broken and laying all over the parks, but the city was fortunately still standing. The opening event of the workshop was grand, with all three mayors present, welcoming us warmly. Still they enforced that the work that was about to be done was of utmost importance. They would be watching closely and wanted us to do our best. The workshop gave many lessons from exchanging knowledge with the local urban planners in the three different locations, and from the global perspectives from the YPP participants. But also lessons from the local people. Many of our students formed opinions in a more or less structured way and gathered loads of useful information. Especially a local historian at Tangvall shared amazing stories about the deep global roots of Tangvall. The morning sessions gave us academic and practical input from the local University of Agder and from Great Britain. The evening sessions broadened our perspectives with tales of transportation planning in China, culture trails in the US and carpets in Turkey. We had a fantastic week and thank you for having us!

Martin Rasch Ersdal, assistant teachers at Norwegian University of Life Sciences Anja Standal, assistant teachers at Norwegian University of Life Sciences Elin Børrud, professor at Norwegian University of Life Sciences and representing partner institution for the workshop Cool planning in new Kristiansand

“The Cool Planning workshop was a fabulous opportunity to engage with young planners from around the world on how space and place can enable or hinder creative expression, community action or the production of new narratives. In my experience it is rare that cultural development, when it is about the arts, cultural vibrancy and creative identity, is considered in the early stages of a regeneration or town planning policy or scheme. It was inspiring to be part of the Cool Planning workshop and I felt it was an invaluable opportunity to engage and perhaps still influence future planners to think slightly differently in the future.”

Participating at the Cool planning workshop in Kristiansand was an inspiring experience. During the seminar we were confronted with a wide array of questions and perspectives that stimulates reflections about our own work. Experiencing the presentations of local planning challenges from both master students and professional planners from all over the world was a unique opportunity”

Kath Davies, Creative Economy Manager at Kirklees Council, invited to contribute to the morning sessions during the workshop Cool planning in new Kristiansand

Jørn Cruickshank, associate professor at UiA

“It was a true pleasure to host several of the events at Teateret. The participants added a lot of energy to several of our spaces and contributed to Teateret; a Cool (planning) place culminating with the presentations in the end of September”

Hans Christian Garmann Johnsen, https://www.uia.no/en/kk/profile/hanscgj Jørn Cruickshank, https://www.uia.no/en/kk/profile/jornc Link: https://www.uia.no/

Kjetil Nordhus, manager at Teateret 47

A HEARTFELT THANKS FROM NEW KRISTIANSAND Seventeen young planning professionals from ISOCARP participated to the workshop Cool planning in new Kristiansand organised in Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand municipalities. The three municipalities will merge and become new Kristiansand by 1.1.2020. What are the young planning professionals’ perspectives on how the amalgamation might influence the future development of the three municipal centres? The young planners were introduced to Tangvall, Nodeland and Kvadraturen, and they threw themselves right into the locations. The local urban lounges gave the opportunity for citizens and others to interact with the planners’ ideas or share their thoughts. It was especially interesting to discuss how Tangvall and Nodeland will endorse their new role, as smaller town centres in a bigger municipality, and how this would influence their development as local centres. The final presentations at the closing event left us with very interesting ideas on further development of the three centres. The municipality of new Kristiansand will start working on its municipal masterplan from spring 2019. We will take on the ideas and perspectives formulated by the young planners for our city and town centres. They will feed our work and planning processes – especially when elaborating the new land-use strategy and main municipal land-use plan for new Kristiansand. We would like to thank warmly the young planning professionals for their hard work and serious contribution to future planning and development of Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand. Kjell Sverre Langenes Head of social planning in Songdalen municipality and Planning Advisor for new Kristiansand project. 48

UP-SCALING AMBITIONS:

HOW BIG DOES NEW KRISTIANSAND NEED TO BE? BOYKO Dmitry, Russia

The upcoming formation of the New Kristiansand municipality is perceived as a case of stimulation for sustainable and resilient development with the administrative reorganization. Though such decisions are usually made by politicians without a comprehensive technical guidance of planners, there is a certain theoretical use of taking a step back, as if the decision hasn’t been approved yet. A discussion in this hypothetical key has a potential to widen young planners’ perspective and to sustain the future conclusions. The goal of this paper is to identify the feasibility criteria of municipalities’ merging or enlargement, based on the New Kristiansand case study. To achieve the goal, we’ll describe the main effects of the merging to give them an assessment.

1. Political criteria According to Norwegian law, the number of elected representatives of the population in the City Council depends on the population in the municipality. When Kristiansand, Sogne and Songdalen unite, the number of deputies will exceed 43 people. Given that the electoral system is based on party lists, the closeness of the elected representatives to specific voters, the popularity of the members of the City Council among residents will decrease. In the setting of the political regime of governance, thus, there will be a shift towards greater concentration and centralization, instead of the existing involvement of the inhabitants and self-

organization. However, due to the sustainable development goals set at the national level, the enlargement of municipalities will lead to an increase in the handleability of the territory. After the merging you will need to send one signal from the decision center to the executor, instead of three signals. This will increase the speed and efficiency of communication with higher authorities, and will open up opportunities for New Kristiansand to participate in national level programs.

2. Economic criteria The impact of local authorities on economic development is carried out by ensuring the participation of residents in governance based on democratic procedures, which we touched on above, and through the provision of public services. As a rule, the main argument of supporters of the municipalities’ merging is to save on the maintenance of the administrative apparatus in the attached administrative units. The experience of many researchers testifies to the fallacy of this argument: in the absence of specialists in the affiliated municipality, the problems they constantly dealt with do not disappear and still need to be solved. If a new specialist with the same functionality moves to the administrative center of the new municipality, then the cost of maintaining it remains the same or increasing, because from time to time he needs to travel to another town. If a new specialist is not hired, then the load on the existing employees of the central municipality

increases, which generally reduces the quality of their work. If the number of employees of the affiliated municipalities is reduced to a few necessary specialists, then the workload increases already for them. If the employees of the former municipality remain at their workplaces as employees of the new municipality, then at least there are additional costs for changing signage. When the three municipalities are combined, the aggregate revenues of their budgets are combined, which leads to equalization of the amount of expenses per resident, regardless of whether he lives in the center or on the periphery. More ambitious and expensive projects are becoming available. There are prerequisites for the exclusion of duplicate functions in the municipal administration, and additional savings due to economies of scale.

3. Spatial criteria Among the variety of spatial factors, in our opinion, two key factors should be singled out - connectivity and polarization.

be assessed as strengthening the central hub. This will lead to a deepening of the inequality between the center and the periphery, and will further stimulate the transport correspondence.

Summarizing the above, we conclude that the adopted format of the enlargement of municipalities can be considered a transitional or intermediate stage, and in the future New Kristiansand will probably unite other neighboring municipalities. In the context of the ongoing municipal reform, it is difficult to assess the accepted concept of unification as positive or negative, since the validity and effectiveness of this decision will depend on specific tactical actions and attention to detail when implementing national policies.

Figure 1

According to the region of Kristiansand region 20112050 (fig.1), “Kvadraturen – Tangvall” and “Kvadraturen – Nodeland” links are only one of the “branches” of the settlement framework, while the peripheral subcenters of Tangvall and Nodeland are weakly interconnected. The territory at the intersection of these links is now assigned to industrial use. At the same time, the merger does not capture the main sub-centers included in the regional plan (Vennesla, Lillesand, Birkeland). At the same time, Kristiansand (Kvadraturen especially) is regarded as the capital of a region that extends beyond the boundaries of the three united municipalities. In this regard, from the point of view of the redistribution of the gravitational potential, the joining of municipalities to Kristiansand should 51

EMERGENCY ISSUES

DEVELOPING THE NEW KRISTIANSAND AS A POLYCENTRIC MODEL Olga Maximova, Russia

The municipalities of Kristiansand, SĂ¸gne and Songdalen will be merged to form one new Kristiansand by 1 January 2020. The main questions are: How Kristiansand can develop as a polycentric city? How can these three centers complement and strengthen each other to make the new municipality not only more competitive, but also more dynamic and interesting for the inhabitants? Other issues to be addressed: Which main characteristics and identities can be the basis for future development in cultural, social, economical and environmental aspects? Which future and values can contribute to social, economic and environmental development? Which basic values for common future and for each of the new centers of New municipality should be the main aspects to develop the sustainable polycentric model? The employment issues for ex and new working places in public administration (mainly for SĂ¸gne and Songdalen)? Which operational, management, planning models should be applicated for New Kristiansand? Which emergency issues should be analyzed and resolved? Which new investing and cooperation schemes should be put into practice? Which new transportation models can be more effective? Values for future. The particularity of the main center of Kristiansand, which is known as Kvadraturen, consists of its historical and physical location, as a downtown situated on the peninsula, surrounded by sea from three sides, and from the forth part surrounded by rocks, where now there is an important ecological part the Kristiansand municipal forest. Kvadraturen is a famous and important port, from 52

where the North Sea is usually crossed to achieve another cost - Denmark. Already in the XIV and XV centuries on the river Otra was a port with small village. The main planning period begin with Christian IV in the XVII century, when Kristiansand gets his famous grid plan (Kvadraturen) on another bank of river Otra and begun the important place for merchants, which received some trading privileges. That period begun important for the economy development. Also, the end of the XVII famous for fortified constructions as a garrison marine town. Another important period begun with the Norwegian shipping industry in the XIX century. In the beginning of the XIX century in city appeared the medical and hospital functions, which provided working places. The geographical location and historical transformations led to new economy development. The contemporary period is famous for new industry, business development with enterprises for marine and offshore sector and drilling, cultural and education functions. Sustainable polycentric model. Thereby, by the 2020 the New Kristiansand has to prepare its regional and urban strategies, which include operational, management, planning models and instrumentations and develop the new approaches for that. It is a new historical period with new social, cultural, economic and environmental challenges for the city. The differences of each other and the improvement of the common identity elements should represent the strengths for common future. The history,

the urban morphology, the landscape particularity and the citizens of New Kristiansand are the main values for the city development. The enhancement of the landscape, the improvement of the tourism, the improvement of city centers identities, the valorization on the different scales of the territory, the extension of the main city center in Kvadraturen as a transformation of the port industry in new civil creative center for New Kristiasand, the vision of the common landscape and infrastructure elements as a unique structure and strength for common growths (as the valleys of rivers Songdalselva and Otra, as an Odderøya island, as the landscape park Oksøy-Ryvingen, as sea coast, as hills with forests all around, as the railway line, as the creative technological industry and large education functions), the transformation of not effective used territories, the improvement of technological industry, the improvement of technological and creative economy, social goods and amenities, the transformation of weaknesses into strengths – actions and approaches to reach the contemporary goals and to overcome the new challenges in a unique New Kristiansand.

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all who participated in organization of this event, to my colleagues, to my team, especially thanks to our coordinators Zeynep Enlil and Martin Dubbeling, to Vice President of Young Planning Professionals of ISOCARP Zeynep Gunay, to Programme Manager of ISOCARP Head Office Gaby Kurth, to Head of the Urban and Community Unit in Kristiansand Municipality Knut Felberg and Planning Advisor Christina Rasmussen, to Kristiansand Kommune.

WHAT A TASTE FROM THE SOUTH TO THE NORTH, SAMPLING THE BEST OF NORWAY ——The Travel Diary of the 54th International Society of City and Regional Planning Society Congress and Young Planning Professional Workshop in Kristiansand

Wenjing Luo, China Proofread by Zhongyi Shi

It was the first glare of the rising sun welcoming me at 7:30 when I stepped on the land of Oslo which was recorded deserve to be called as the only “city” in Norway compared to the scale of Chinese cities. Although with the sun shining, my hands were frozen numb from the morning chill of autumn. But luckily enough, I was not greeted by the wellknown rainfall. During the short transit in Oslo, I took a speed-walk along the harbor for less than an hour. I had to admit my luckiness again as I was able to enjoy a sunbathe with the gorgeous sea view, which was quite the opposite to what I had imagined of Oslo as grey and gloomy. It was absolutely stunning to take photos in any corners of the city with colorful street furniture, pedestrians dressed in blackand-white and the nobly-white seagulls in the backgrounds of blue ocean and sky. The vivid-looking sculptures added some vitalities to the less-populated streets, which proved worthy of the well-known name of Oslo as “the City of Sculptures”. On the train to Kristiansand from Oslo, I finally got the chance to close my tired eyes. Kissed sweetly by the warm sunshine, my eyes were thrilled to bits, like dancing in colorful light blended with red, yellow, orange, green and blue. Especially when I received the letter from Martin Dubbeling as the current president of ISOCARP saying about welcoming me in person, I was again thrilled to bits, like dancing in colorful light in my mind. All the thrills activated my numb taste bud which had been tortured by the long and exhausting trip just like a delicate dish of appetizer!

THE SALAD IN THE SOUTH: THE YOUNG PLANNING PROFESSIONALS’ WORKSHOP IN KRISTIANSAND

As the southern gateway to the European continent, Kristiansand is the administrative, business, technological and culture capital of Southern Norway, with the nickname of “the Coolest Riviera”. Although Kristiansand has become one of the favorite resorts for Norwegians according to statistics, it is still unknown to the world. To promote the regional development of Southern Norway, Kristiansand is in the process of merging with two neighboring municipalities Søgne and Songdalen to become the “New Kristiansand”. As a planned city, Kristiansand is well established with culture, leisure, retail and business functions with a population of more than 80 thousand, while the other two cities have only around 10 thousand inhabitants lacking vitalities. The key question local governments would like us to focus on the workshop is how Kristiansand can develop as a polycentric city and how can these centers complement and strengthen each other to make the new municipality not only competitive but also more dynamic and interesting for the inhabitants. Having taken a long process to digest why these three municipalities decide to merge with each other despite limited connections, we have realized through investigation that the merge is facing challenges including inconvenient regional connections and unidentified city identities as well as the lack of public spaces and sufficient public supports. Therefore, it has been proposed that the workshop with the themes of “Cool Planning in Southern Norway” should be focus on the thematic reflections including connectivity and mobility, character and identity, sustainability and climate, interventions and placemaking, smart and innovative,

new type-morphologies, impact on regional dynamics as well as center structure in the New Kristiansand. With the coordinators president Martin Dubbeling and professor Zeynep Enlil guiding ahead, 17 selected young planners coming from 13 countries were divided into 5 teams respectively working on sustainability, regional dynamics, mobilities, urban identities and place making and asked to complete the investigation, field trip, idea forming, poster making in less than 4 days. The teams also have to make 8-minute and 5-minute presentations in front of the local authorities and participants of the annual congress. As I was in the team working on the topic of regional dynamics, we found that the difficulties of this workshop focusing on regional planning is not only the time frame and the large workload, but also the Norwegian language and culture gap which has to be bridged to explore the social and the economic factors behind the spatial planning. Different from the previous YPP Workshops, this time a variety of parallel sessions have been proposed to be added to the program including pecha kucha, lectures and other open lounges. With all the recipes and food in place, all we need is time to cook. However, it’s only less than 24 hours left before submitting posters and delivering the 8-minute presentations in front of the local authorities. All the young planners have taken all their strength and even stayed up past midnight. By the pre-tasting of president Martin Dubbeling and professor Zeynep Enill over and over again, all the groups have succeeded in delivering the presentations and being well received by the local authorities and the public. 55

THE MAIN COURSE IN THE NORTH: THE 54TH ISOCARP CONGRESS IN BODØ If the Young Planning Professional’s Workshop in Kristiansand can be considered as a plate of healthy and flavorful salad, then I would see the 54th ISOCARP Congress as a delicate and delicious main course! As the gateway to the Arctic Circle, Bodø, with only a population of around 50,000, is almost the most densely-populated capital in northern Norway and going through city growth and industrial transformation. Especially with the relocation of the current Air Force Base and the civilian airport which has been occupying the south for almost 60 years, the civilian airport along with it will be moved to further south, which will allow for the development on the land area now being occupied by the existing airports and military facilities. Facing the new opportunitys of “New Airport and New City”,

Bodø has built up an ambition of becoming the smartest city in the world. Therefore, the 54th congress has pulled a magic to gather more than 500 planners from over 50 countries together as the new captains of Bodø to help with its transformation. What’s more important for the congress to be held specifically in Bodø which has experienced a rare high-temperature summer in 2018, is the agenda to discuss about what can planning do to deal with the upcoming disaster of climate shift in the Arctic Circle. Based on this, this congress themed as “Cool Planning: Changing Climate & Our Urban Future” attempted to answer the question of whether we should make cities more sustainable and thus preventing even more severe global warming, or more resilient to adapt to this inevitable crisis.

New Airport, New City and New Captain 56

DRINK AFTER MEALS IN NORWAY: IMMERSION, INDULGENCE AND INTOXICATION As Jeremy Rifkin said in his speech, knowledge is the most important renewable resources in the 21st Century. But for me, knowledge is the greatest delicacy! This trip to Norway including the YPP Workshop and the congress offered me a feast of knowledge just like a sequence of the colorful appetizer, the delicious salad and gorgeous main course! I have been totally immersed in the feast and even indulged in all the mingling during and after the congress, like a pleasant intoxication from alcohol! I have been totally immersed in my enthusiasm for my profession! Although the long exhausting trip made my legs aching even till now, I have totally forgotten the physical pains and mental stress thanks to my immersion. As president Martin Dubbeling said that it took a lot of courage and spirits of adventure for a Chinese urban planner to step out of his

or her comfort zone and put aside routine work to face the challenge without substantial rewards. But only by stepping out of the comfort zone can we capture the splendid brilliance of the silver lining, enjoy the unexpected thrill of meeting rainbows and maintain the everlasting enthusiasm for advancing forward in our careers. Great thanks to president Martin Dubbelingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s encouragement, I have rebuilt my selfconfidence, accomplished a mission impossible for me to imagine at the beginning, and most importantly find my own ambitious vision during my struggling moments. I have to admit that I have never imagined having the courage to go this far without any experience studying or working abroad before!

What a taste from the south to the north, sampling the best of Norway! The immersion, indulgence and intoxication of mine is not about anaesthetizing myself by temporal self-satisfaction against the depression in the reality, but about total commitment, unperceived concentration, reasonable confidence and unfearful comforts without considering about rewards and failure. Only in this way, can we be rewarded in an unexpected way and extend the boundaries of our capabilities step by step!

With the first glass of rose, I got totally immersed. With the second glass of champagne, I got totally indulged. With the third glass of red wine, I got totally intoxicated finally. I hope I can maintain the immersion, indulgence and intoxication forever! The Closing Ceremony 58

EPILOGUE: DESERTS

The last night in Norway happened to be my birthday and also the last day of the Norway tour show of the Swedish jazz singer Lisa Ekdhal who used to accompany me to sleep every night! From BodĂ¸ to Oslo to Tonsberg, I travelled all alone with my heavy luggage and arrived at the show on time with luck. I have to admit that it was and will ever be the

dreamiest and most beautiful birthday night of mine! Thanks to the most welcoming hostess I have ever met from the most artistical Airbnb, who volunteered to drive me to the show! Thanks to Lisaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hugs, flowers and birthday wishes, which had put a sweet ending to this trip to Norway! No, it will never be an ending as I will definitely come back!

Lisa Ekdhal Concert 59

YOUNG PLANNING PROFESSIONALS BACKGROUNDS

Akintola Opeyemi Aladekoyi is a Town Planner at the department of Physical Planning, University of Medical Science Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. She holds B.Tech Urban and Regional Planning from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria and M.Sc Geographical Information Science and Cartography from Regional Center for Training in Aerospace Survey, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria.She is a Registered Town Planner of Town Planning Registration Council of Nigeria (TOPREC), a full member of Nigeria Institute of Town Planners (NITP) and a member of the Young Professional Planners of International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP). She is currently one of the executives of Nigeria Institute of Town Planners Ondo State chapter. She has participated in various project like Urban Renewal of Akure city Ondo state Nigeria, Redesign of NEPA and ISIKAN market Akure city, dualisation of roads in Ondo city and Akure city. She has been involved in research work like &#39; Regional Imbalance and Inequalities in Nigeria: Causes, Consequences and Remedies&#39;, &#39;Effect of Telecommunication masts&#39; location on Health and urban livability in Oshogbo, Nigeria&#39;, &#39;Managing Emerging Land use Pattern in Developing Nation: A Focus on Ondo, Nigeria. Gorsev Argin (Izmir, 1987) is currently a Ph.D. candidate and working as a Research/Teaching Assistant at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and continuing her research as a visiting researcher at KU Leuven. She completed her bachelor’s degree in City and Regional Planning (2009) and received master’s degree in Urban Design (2012) at Middle East Technical University (METU). During her master’s studies, she attended the University of Milano-Bicocca (2011). She worked on several projects including “Green Certificate for Buildings and Settlements” project (2017), which is carried out by ITU and the Ministry of Environment & Urbanization (Turkey). In her Ph.D. dissertation, she strives to explore the effects of the advances in mobile technologies on the urban experience with a particular focus on flânerie.

Dmitry Boyko is urban planner and land use planner based in Volgograd, Russia. He graduated in Real Estate Management at the Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in 2009. He’s been working as a senior lecturer at the Volgograd State Agrarian University teaching Urban Planning, Land Management, GIS and Remote Sensing since 2009. He is co-founder and director of GeoClever - territorial planning company. His research works are focused on the urban development and the land use management in post-soviet countries.

Architecture student of Masters Program at Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy, currently working on a thesis which is focused on Developing the riverfront of Bytomka in Zabrze. During last years has been gaining a professional experience during the Internships in Attica Architekten in Amsterdam, Netherlands and in Tiazzoldi Studio in Turin, Italy. Member of CNU and ISOCARP, constantly developing skills during numerous conferences, but also during the several international workshops, for example in Yekaterinburg, Russia and Kristiansand, Norway. Former Alumni of ‘’Top Minds Project’’ organized by the Fulbright Foundation and Top 500 Innovators and supported by the United States Embassy in Warsaw and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland, where as a participant of the program, I was working face-by-face with a mentor - Architect and Urbanist from the University of Warsaw. Currently working as an Architect in Koziarski Pracownia Projektowa in Katowice, Poland, actively influencing the architectural shape of the city of Katowice and its surroundings. A young planning professional and researcher specializing in urban management, governance aspects and planning process in mega projects. Serin Geambazu is currently a Phd student and an assistant professor at Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban PlanningBucharest, Urban and Landscape Design Department, with a teaching experience of 4 years at master level in urban planning and at 3rd, 4th and 5th years in architecture. She is an urban and regional planner by formation at the same university and part in projects of infrastructure, housing and retail, execution of detail plans, zonal development plans and also strategic municipality general development plans in South-Eastern Europe in the private, but also the public sector. Graduate of the Urban Management Master Program at Technical University of Berlin, Habitat Unit (DAAD), during that period she has experience at international level in management and consultancy at Phase Eins company in Berlin, activating in projects all around the world and also at Istanbul Metropolitan Planning Office in Istanbul. 63

Dicle KIZILDERE is an architect and assistant professor at the Department of Architecture of Gebze Technical University (GTU). She received her Bachelor of Architecture degree from Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in 2007, and Master degree in Architecture (Urban Studies) from Yeditepe University, Istanbul in 2010, where she carried out a master thesis titled “Socio-Economic And Spatial Transformations in The Historical Centre of Istanbul After 1980: The Case Of Talimhane, Beyoglu.” Her master thesis was granted with “Master Thesis Research Grant” award by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. She obtained her first PhD title with her thesis titled “Varied Manifestations of Urban Neo-Liberalism in Istanbul: Business Improvement Districts, Gentrification and the Commodification of Beyoglu Historical Center from Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa & Gran Sasso Science Institute in 2017. Her second PhD was awarded from Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in 2018, with her thesis on local limits of gentrification. She was appointed as an academic lecturer in 2017 at Işık Unıversity, before that she had worked as a research assistant between 2007-2017 at Yeditepe University and received the title of assistant professor in 2018. Her main research interests include gentrification and urban transformation/renewal. Viktor Korotych is currently lead urban planner and designer in St.Petersburg office of MLA+. He has worked with the team on projects and researches of various scales and programmes, mostly in different cities of Russia. His key topics are compact city development, local identity supporting with designing of spatial frameworks, masterplans and regulations. Also, he developed the issues of placemaking, strategic planning and methodology of spatial planning and design. His projects include city centre masterplan, the research of inner-city potential for densification, some design projects of public spaces and large-scale brownfield redevelopment. He was graduated as an architect in 2012, in the Academy of Fine Art in St.Petersburg. After it, he continues to develop his skills and knowledge taking part in various workshops and summer schools, for example, IFHP Summer school in Jyvaskyla in 2016. André graduated in Architecture and Urbanism at the Federal University of Minas Gerais and is currently finishing his Master studies on Urban Ecological Planning at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Born in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, he lives in Brussels, Belgium, where he works as an intern of Cities Alliance / UNOPS. His previous experience includes work on urban and regional development in different governmental levels in Brazil, as in non-governmental organisations in Brazil, Norway and the United States. His work includes Urban Masterplan development, implementation and monitoring of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and advocacy on sustainable mobility and inclusive economic development. André is a jazz-listener, loves to travel and is a fierce supporter of his hometown football club, Atlético Mineiro. 64

Wenjing Luo(Helen) works as a national registered urban planner at Wuhan Planning & Design Institute (WPDI), where she has been taking charge of dozens of planning practices on a broad variety ranging from urban strategic planning, master plan, regulatory planning, industrial development planning, planning consultation to sustainable urban design and urban renewal. As the projects she has been working on mainly involve with the National Independent Innovation Zone of Eastlake which is also known as the Optical Valley, she has gained a great deal of experience concerning metropolitan areas and knowledge-based districts which can be applied to other cities or countries. With eight years of experiences, she has worked, published dozens of papers and won several prizes. Though working locally, she has been endeavored to engage in all kinds of international events to gain global visions. Dr. Arch. Olga Maximova obtained her degree as an architect in 2011 at Moscow University of Architecture. After has experience at research and education fields at the same university. In 2016 obtained PhD degree at University of Rome - La Sapienza, Department of Planning, Design, Technology of Architecture. Research supported by the Erasmus Mundus Action 2 Programme of the EU. Title of PhD thesis: “The Landscape: Comparison Between Italy and Russia. The General Values for Legislative and Planning Instrumentation”. Research is dedicated to the Italian experience in landscape planning after European Landscape Convention, is concerned with the integration of the ELC into Italian legal system with development of the regional landscape planning tools, in order to identify the model, applicable in different countries, for example, in Russia. Her practical experience at international and national studios of architecture and urban planning. The main works – concepts of urban development of cities in Russia: Moscow, Kirovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Irkutsk, Pereslavl-Zalessky. Gamuchirai Mutezo is a PhD student at the University of the Witwatersrand, specialising in urban planning, waste management and renewable energy (specifically waste-to-energy initiatives). She holds a B.Honours degree in Town and Regional Planning from the University of Pretoria and an MPhil Energy and Development Studies from the University of Cape Town. She is also the CEO of Madam Waste, a social enterprise equally focusing on urban and energy planning. Current projects include: x2 community-scale waste-to-energy initiatives in Nigeria, and x2 semi-commercial projects in South Africa. Both projects are highly motivated by the continent’s urban morphology as well as urban waste generation. Through Madam Waste, she aims to provide sustainable urban energy solutions to African governments and communities. Gamuchirai is very passionate about urbanisation, cities, community engagement and research. She enjoys travelling, speaking, consuming books, deep conversations and nature. 65

Bipul Nayak is an urban and regional planner specialised in Ecological Urbanism. He is a full-time urban planning professional at Rudrabhishek Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., which delivers diverse urban planning projects in the field of Smart City Planning, Regional Planning, Master Planning and Zonal Planning etc. Currently, he is working on Statutory Master Plans of five different cities in India. He previously worked as Research Assistant with ICOMOS India on urban cultural heritage. He was awarded Norwegian State Full Funded Scholarship for pursuing M.Sc. in Urban Ecological Planning at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.

Silvia Tomasi is currently a PhD Candidate at the Free University of Bolzano and a researcher at the Institute for Renewable Energy of Eurac Research, Bolzano. She graduated in Environmental Economics at the University of Torino in 2015, and since 2016 she works on the topic of energy planning. Her research activity is focused on the energy transition both at regional and urban level.

Yuxiao (Harry) Xu is an urban and regional planner/big data analyst working in Ningbo Urban Planning and Design Institute, China. He obtained his Master of Urban and Regional Planning degree in Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 2016. He mainly focuses on global and comparative planning and regional development plans. His work includes Research on New Urban Development Mode of Ningbo, Ninghai County Multi-Planning Integration, Ecological Restoration and Urban Repair Plan for Ninghai County. He is currently trying to integrate more public participation and big data analysis into planning processes in China. 66

Yigong Zhang (Eco) is an Urban Designer at Perkins+Will London. As the lead designer, she has worked on urban design projects of various scales in the UK, US and internationally. Her major responsibilities involve initiating strategic design concepts, researching in innovative scenarios and narratives, drafting spatial frameworks and masterplans through multiple communication methods, facilitating design workshops and collaboration between design teams, communities, public bodies and key stakeholders. Her projects include campus masterplans, town centre regeneration and large scale neighbourhood developments. She was trained in architecture, gained a Master of Architecture from Tongji University in 2015 and Master of Science in Urban Design from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2014. In 2017, she completed a Master of Research in Interdisciplinary Urban Design from University College London with a distinction in the research project “Tactics and Processes: the Making of Tactical Spaces”. ISOCARP Vice President YPP: Zeynep gunay Coordinators: Zeynep enlil, Martin dubbeling Local coordinators: Knut felberg, kristiansand kommune head of urban development department Christina rasmussen, kristiansand kommune and ypp project coordinator Thor skjevrak, songdalen kommune Vibeke wold sunde, søgne kommune Nmbu coordinators: Elin børrud, Martin rasch ersdal, Anja standal Special guests and lecturers: Jørn cruickshank (university of agder, uia) Kath davies (kirklee, uk) Hans-christian garmann johnsen (university of agder, uia) 67

PARTNER INSTITUTIONS AND CONTRIBUTORS International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP) ISOCARP is a global network of recognised and highlyqualified planners, which was founded in 1965. The Society brings together individual and institutional members from more than 80 countries worldwide covering a vast geography of UNESCO regions of Africa, the Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and North America, Latin America and the Caribbean. As a non-governmental organisation, it is recognised by the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHCS/UN-HABITAT), and the Council of Europe. The Society also has a formal consultative status with the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Although ISOCARP members work in many different fields we all share a common interest in the spatial and environmental dimensions of urbanisation, advising key decision-makers, proposing and supporting projects for intervention in a spatial context through general or specific actions. The objectives of ISOCARP are to improve cities and territories through planning practice, training, education and research. ISOCARP promotes the planning profession in all its aspects. ISOCARP keeps its focus on being a politically and commercially independent network of professional planners. The main tools of ISOCARP are the yearly congresses, symposia, workshops and publications.

Kristiansand Municipality Kristiansand is the administrative, business and cultural capital of Southern Norway with Kvadraturen at its heart. The city was established in 1641. In the 20th century the 68

city expanded beyond the the surface of Kvadraturen to neighbourhoods on Lund and Grim. The development of the railway Sørlandsbanen and the harbour activities were important for the city. Today Kristiansand is connected to Oslo and Stavanger by train, to Denmark by ferry and to Europe by plane. Kristiansand has currently a population of 92.000. Immigrants are about 14,3% of the population coming from Poland, Denmark, Vietnam, Somalia, Irak, Syria, Afghanistand – up to 152 different nations. Much of the employment in Kristiansand region is in sectors such as building and construction, industry, accommodation and catering, commerce and personal services. More than 4,000 people are employed in the process industry and material production, and more than 8,000 work in the offshore sector. The University is located just a few kilometres from Kvadraturen, and has up to 9000 students. Together with the campus in Grimstad it comprehends 1200 employees. Another important knowledge and innovation hub is the regional hospital Sørlandet sykehus, located just 2 kilometres from Kvadraturen. The hospital will be developed in the coming years to an urban health cluster with related institutions and businesses, both private and public. The geographical proximity to the European continent, nature and the wide range of cultural activities is making the region an attractive place to live. Challenges relate to global megatrends such as climate change, demographic change, globalisation, urbanisation and digitisation. Main challenges will lie in major changes in demography as regards proportion of elderly people and disease, challenges for living conditions and changes in

business structure and climate. Kristiansand has also living condition challenges related to immigration, young social assistance recipients, children in low-income families as well as lower education levels in the population. Kristiansand must have stronger growth in employment and value creation in order to keep up with the development in other metropolitan areas. Innovation through entrepreneurship is crucial for the region’s adaptability. When planning for our sustainable future, the city needs to address the global megatrends, together with local opportunities and challenges. Four focus areas are identified in the strategic main municipal plan: co-creation as a driving force, expertise for value creation, participation and belonging, urban growth with quality. Kristiansand has the vision to be A creative city with ambitions, described in the strategic main municipal plan. The development of the urban city, compact and infill projects in Kvadraturen have gained focus in the latest years. Kilden is the second largest cultural centre in Norway. Complete transformation of several urban quarters and historical building in the city centre, and soon the new part of the city on Odderøya, Kanalbyen with the old silo transformed into a contemporary art museum, are some of many projects. There is also a high focus on city life, creating and improving urban places within Kvadraturen. The latest endorsed plan for removing car parking from the streets and prioritise street area for pedestrian, bikes, bus lanes, city life and retail, was an important process. The city received in 2018 the government’s prize for most attractive city in Norway, for all the hard work in developing Kvadraturen to a sustainable and qualitative place to be and live. There is a clear political awareness that urban development does not happens by

itself, but is a cooperation between public sector, developers, businesses, industries and the citizens – the City is an agent for change. Planning for the future should be based on a dynamic planning system that provides room for strategic innovation and plans that give ownership and predictability.

Sogne Municipality Søgne is today a small coastal municipality in the southern part of Norway, west of Kristiansand. With over 1200 islands and islets, and beautiful nature, the municipality is known as a good place to spend summer holidays. By 2018 Søgne had a population of about 11.300 inhabitants. Søgne has attractive living areas, while many of the inhabitants work outside from the municipality. About 40 % of the working population commute to Kristiansand on a daily basis. Most of the traveling between work and home are by car. There is a common goal in the region to get more trips from car over to bus, bike or walking. The Norwegian government defines a national ambition and goal, which specifies that all growth in private transportation towards 2030 should be taken by walking, biking and public transportation (train and bus). It is known as the ‘zero-growth goal’ in private car transportation (in Norwegian: nullvekstmålet). Tangvall is the administrative centre of Søgne municipality. The centre is located along the European route E39, the highway between Oslo and Stavanger, and next to the river Søgneelva. South from Tangvall lays productive agricultural land, and in the north are forest areas used for outdoor recreation. The agricultural lands are considered as 69

absolute boundaries for further developing of the city centre of Tangvall. While Søgne has a long history, Tangvall has a relatively short history as administrative centre. The first urban functions came in 1968. Tangvall was introduced as administrative centre in 1974. Today Tangvall contains the city hall, a secondary school, housing, sports arenas, shops, nursing homes and other service functions. Tangvall as a place has developed at a crossroad and in an agricultural area. The centre is therefore designed to fit car use and is recognisable by large parking areas, several round-about and roads. Large parts of Tangvall are now under planning and we have a great opportunity to transform and better the qualities of the place. A new junior college near to the inner city and bus terminal, together with upgrading of the common public areas, new apartment buildings whit public functions on the ground floor and underground parking, are some of the currently ongoing projects. Our goal is to connect Tangvall better to the surrounding nature qualities and to make it to a better place to live and visit.

Songdalen Municipality Songdalen is 217 km2. The municipality does not have any coastline, but a variety of natures – forests, lakes, farmlands and, of course, the river Songdalselva. The river runs down to Søgne and becomes Søgneelva. Today Songdalen counts about 6.700 inhabitants. About 5.500 of them live in the southern part and about 1.000 live in the northern part. The municipality was established in 1964 with about 2.950 inhabitants. Kristiansand had then about 50.200 inhabitants. Since 1964, Songdalen has had a larger percentage of 70

population growth than Kristiansand. Most inhabitants are concentrated in single housing around the villages of Nodeland, Nodelandsheia, Brennåsen, Rosseland, Volleberg and Kilen. The last 10 years many new flats have been built, although still 85% of the population live in single houses. People live and work in Songdalen. Many work in other municipalities, especially Kristiansand and Søgne, but Songdalen has as well many workplaces. The industrial area Mjåvann has about 1.500 actives working in various companies. While many people leave Songdalen in the mornings, many also commute from other municipalities to workplaces in Songdalen. The municipality has as well some living challenges. The level of education is lower than the average in the region of Kristiansand, a high share of immigrants (refugees and asylum seekers), higher drop-out rate in high school than the average in the region, and a higher share of children living in families with lower income than the average share in the county and country. Songdalselva challenges spatial planning in Nodeland, as weather and climate become wetter and wilder. The river is also a protected watercourse, an untouched meandering river – like the Nile! A new spatial plan for the municipal centre is under elaboration. The strength of Nodeland are the railway, short distance to Kristiansand and the surrounding nature, especially the river. One of the main goals are to contribute to make it attractive for inhabitants to spend more time here. The centre should be characterised with living conditions of high quality, and a place where it is possible to make

sensible transportation choices. The railway Sørlandsbanen goes through Nodeland, and in a way, created Nodeland. The railway is a central part of our identity and pride, a big asset for the town. In new Kristiansand Nodeland will be the only town where trains are stopping, and about 8 minutes from Kristiansand station. This will contribute to achieve the national goal of private transportation until 2030 to be taken by public transportation (train and bus). Songdalen as organization has been working hard and constructively in years as to address living challenges both at political level and in the municipal administration. The municipality has received prizes and positive attention for reducing part-time positions, strong focus on public health, schools and more. The development of Songdalen in many ways has been a successful brand. To keep on the good work and positive development is important when integrating the new municipality from 2020. The development of a polycentric centre structure is therefore important for Songdalen.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) is a public university located in Ås, Norway and has around 5,000 students. Established in 1859, it became a university-level university college in 1897 and received university status in 2005. Only a few years later, in 2014 the university merged with the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH) in Oslo, and is today known as the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Having a history since 1859, it is the second oldest

institution of higher education in Norway, after the University of Oslo. It is also the only educational institution in Norway to provide veterinary education. NMBU’s mission is to contribute to the well-being of the planet. Its interdisciplinary research and study programmes generate innovations in food, health, environmental protection, climate and sustainable use of natural resources.

University of Agder The University of Agder is the local knowledge and research arena for Agder with about 13.000 students in 2018. The university aims to be open, inclusive and favours a culture for collaboration. It is one of the youngest universities in Norway with a campus in Kristiansand since 2001. University, private and public partners have a joint focus on how to develop an attractive University City for students and researchers, and enhance collaboration between academia, private and public sector. The recent development of a department dedicated to global development and planning contributes directly to the planning discussions in Agder. Professor Hans Christian Garmann Johnsen and associate professor Jørn Cruickshank contributed to the workshop week with two lectures; respectively on how to make good plans addressing the interrelation between physical and social structures, and how place-attachment can be a resource for developing good places and vibrant communities.

Kristiansand library

Vest-Agder County council

Morning lectures were held in Kristiansand library to enlight workshop participants with reflections and experiences on regional planning considerations, good places and vibrant communities. Kristiansand library, “the people’s library” translated from Norwegian, has an important role as meeting place, and dissemination of information and culture, with about 700.000 people passing yearly through the library doors. Kristiansand kunsthall is a contemporary art institution contributing to greater understanding and interest among the public through exhibitions, events and educational programs. It is a platform for the production of exhibitions and dissemination of art. Workshop participants had free access to work rooms in the library and Kristiansand kunsthall.

Vest-Agder County council works for the sustainable development of the region of Vest-Agder, where lives approximately 185.000 inhabitants in 15 municipalities. Kristiansand is the county town and the largest municipality in the county. The county acts within the fields of regional planning, transport and communications, cultural activities, education, business development, health care and social services. Vest-Agder County council contributed to finance the workshop in Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand as the workshop should show potentials for sustainable development of the new municipality within its region, and the future synergies between the existing municipal centres. The financial support gives the possibility to address important planning issues for the future municipality and develop new ideas.

Teateret Teateret is the old theater in Kristiansand, now transformed into the city’s living room. The place is a combination of culture and literature house, concert place, informal hang out place, an arena for art and expression. Teateret opened in September after major transformation works. Hosting several events of Cool planning workshop week was among the first big events. The urban lounges gathered many around the theme of city and regional planning. The week culminated with its Grand final at Teateret, two hours of presentations and exhibition from our 80 workshop participants. 72

The Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation The Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation is responsible for housing policy, the Norwegian Planning and Building act, local government finances and local administration, Public Sector Reform and more. The ministry contributed to finance the workshop in Søgne, Songdalen and Kristiansand. The workshop contributes to address issues of qualitative compact planning, sustainable land use and mobility, which are important when working towards the national objective of zero increase in private car-travels.