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twwfynmawGudk udk,fhEkdifiHom; nDaemifom;csif;rsm;&JU b0tqifhjrifhrm;a&;eJU t&Sifrif;jrwf bkef;usufoa& wkd;wufa&;twGuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzefYcsDa0iSygr,f? a&Twkdufpdk;BuD;udkom uRefawmfrsKd;twGuf oifwef;om;wpf&meJU cef;rwpfckpDpOfay;zkdY rdefYMum;ay;awmfrlyg? w&Ha&mtcg u abbDvHkrSm tydefMuHKUjzpfwJh uRefawmfrsKd;&JU aiGtojymtdwfudk azmif;wif; jynfhum;vmatmif vkyfaqmifcJhwJh enf;vrf;ckESpfoG,fudk oifMum;jyoay;yghr,f} aemuf &ufowåESpfywfcefY Mumonfhtcg bk&ifrif;jrwf\ trdefYawmftwkdif; q&m tmcwf oifMum;ykdYcsrnfh "eoifwef;udk txl;a&G;cs,fxm;aom oifwef;om;wpf&mjzifh pwif zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ ae&mu abbDvHkynmAdrmef taqmuftOD;&Sd cef;rBuD;wpfckxJwGif jzpfonf/ puf0kdif;jcrf;yHk ckHwef;rsm;rSm ae&m,lxm;Muonfh "eoifwef;om;rsm;a&SUwGif tmcwf xkdifvQuf&SdNyD/ olYteD; cHkjrifhwpfvHk;ay:wGif tarT;eYHomrsm; ylaZmfxGef;nd§xm;onfh rD;cGuf uav; wpfckrS rD;ckd;aiGYrsm; vGifhysHUvsuf&Sdonf/ ] tJ'g abbDvHkrSm tcsrf;omqHk;qkdwJhyk*¾KdvfyJuG} oifwef;om;wpfa,mufu teD;&Sd tazmftm; wD;wkd;ajymaeonf/ ]½kyf&nfuawmh wkdYwawGeJYbmrS rjcm;em;bl;} xkdpOfyJ tmcwf olYae&mrSxvmNyD; pum;pwifonf/ ]bk&ifrif;jrwf&JU opöm&Sd aus;uRefyDopGm uRefawmf 'Dae&mudkvmNyD; wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif; jzpfygw,f? uRefawmf i,fpOfu qif;&Jygw,f? odkYaomf csrf;omcsifwJhqE´awmh tifrwefjyif;jycJhw,f? tJ'Daemuf rSmawmh csrf;om <u,f0vmatmif vkyfaqmifEkdifr,fh enf;vrf;aumif;awG todynmawG uRefawmf&&SdNyD; wu,f vnf; csrf;omatmif BudK;pm;vkyfudkifEkdifcJhygw,f? tckbk&ifrif;jrwfu uRefawmf&JU tJ'Dtod ynmawG enf;emawGukd cifAsm;wkdUqD jzefYcsDay;ygvkdY trdefYawmf&Sdxm;ygw,f? ]'Dae&mrSm OD;pGmyxr ajymcsifwmu uRefawmf pD;yGm;OpömawGudk t½kd;om;qkH; tusKd; EGHqHk; enf;vrf;rsdK;eJY &SmcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f qkdwJhtcsufyg? cifAsm;wkdYtygt0if b,fabbDvHkNrdKUom; xufrS uRefawmf tcGifhta&;wpfpHkwpf&m ykdr&cJhygbl;? uRefawmf&JU "eOpömawGudk odkavSmifcJhwJh yxrqkH; b@mwkdufu ykdufqHtdwfa[mif;wckyg? tJ'DykdufqHtdwf[m tjrJa[mif;avmif; jzpfaeawmh 'Dtdwfudk uRefawmfpdwfnpfygw,f? 'DtdwfBuD; b,fawmhazmif;vmrvJ? 'DtdwfxJ u a&ToHwcRifcRif b,fawmhMum;&rvJ? uRefawmftjrJwrf;ww,f? ydefaewJhtojymtdwf wtdwf azmif;wif;vmapr,fh b,fvkdenf;vrf;awG&SdovJ uRefawmftjrJvkduf&Smw,f? tJ'Dvkd &Sm&if;eJY aemufqHk;rSm uRefawmf pkpkaygif; enf;vrf;ckESpfoG,f oGm;awGYygw,f} ]tck uRefawmfa&SUrSm pka0;a&muf&SdaewJh cifAsm;wkdYudk 'Denf;vrf;awG uRefawmfwifjyr,f? "eOpöm &SmazGvkdwJh b,fyk*¾Kdvfrqkd toHk;jyKEkdifwJh enf;vrf;awGyg? enf;vrf;ckESpfoG,f 20
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udk waeY enf;vrf;wpfoG,fpD uRefawmfckESpf&ufwdwd qufwkduf &Sif;jyoGm;ygr,f? *½kpkduf em;axmifay;Muyg? NyD;awmh uRefawmfudk jiif;cHka0zefyg? cifAsm;wkdYtcsif;csif;vnf; aqG;aEG;Muyg? 'Doifcef;pmawG enf;vrf;awGudk ausausnufnuf em;vnfoGm;NyDqkd&if cifAsm;wkdY tojym tdwfxJrSm "ersKd;aphawG csrdNyDyJ? 'Doifcef;pmawG &NyD;wJhaemuf cifAsm;wkdYudk,fwkdif 'Denf;emawGudk uRrf;usifvdr®mpGm toHk;csNyD; "eOpömawG wjznf;jznf; pka0;rdatmif vkyfaqmifMuyg? udk,fwkdif usifhoHk; atmifjrifNyDqkdrS cifAsm;wkdY[m olwpfyg;udk csrf;om<u,f0 a&;enf;vrf;awG jzefYjzL; ay;a0zdkY tqifoifhjzpfvdrfhr,f?} ]tJ'Dawmh yxrqkH; uRefawmf cifAsm;wkdYtdwfawG azmif;vmapr,fh enf;vrf;awGudk t½kd;pif; t&Sif;vif;qHk; ajymyghr,f? 'gu wu,fBuD;us,fwJh "eAdrmefBuD; wnfaqmufzdkY twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfyg? tajccHtkwfjrpfckdifrmrS tay:udk qufwufvkdY &ygvdrfhr,f? tJ'DtajccH tkwfjrpf twGuf yxrqHk;tkwfcsyf? odkYr[kwf ydefBuHKaom ykdufqHtdwf azmif;wif;vmapa&;twGuf yxrqHk; enf;vrf;u.......}
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tmcwfu xkdifcHk'kwd,wef;wpfae&mrSm xkdifaeonfh av;eufyHk&aom yk*¾Kdvfwa,mufudk t&ifqHk; vSrf;ar;onf ]oli,fcsif;? cifAsm;bmtvkyf vkyfovJ} ]uRefawmfpmul;pma&;yg? &THUap;jym;awGrSm pmxGif;wJhtvkyfudk vkyfygw,f} ][m tJ'guRefawmfyxrqHk; vkyfcJhbl;wJhtvkyfyJ? 'gqkd cifAsm;rSm csrf;omzkdYtcGifh tvrf;[m uRefawmfeJY twlwlavmuf&Sdw,f} aemufbufykdif;wae&m&Sd rsufESmeDeDESifh vlwpfa,mufudk tmcwfar;jyefonf/ ]cifAsm;aum pm;0wfaea&; twGuf bmtvkyfvkyfovJAsm} ]uRefawmf om;owfvkyfief; vkyfygw,f? qdwfarG;wJhvlawGqDu qdwfawG0,fNyD; tom; udk tdrf&SifrawGqD a&mif;w,f? om;a&udk zdeyfcsKyform;awGqD oGm;oGif;&ygw,f} ]cifAsm;tvkyfuvnf; 0ifaiG&wJhtvkyfqkdawmh uRefawmfhenf;wl csrf;om<u,f0EkdifwJh tcGifhta&;&Sdygw,f} xkdenf;¤if;yif tmcwf tjcm;aom olrsm;udkvnf; wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf qufí ar;onf? ar;jref;NyD; onfhtcgü olu pum;pwifonf/ ]uJwynfhwkdY? avmuBuD;rSm vlawG0ifaiG&&SdEkdifwJh enf;vrf;awG b,favmufaygrsm; vJqkdwm tckcifAsm;wkdY jrifawGUcJh&NyD? tJ'Denf;vrf; odkYr[kwf vkyfief;rSeforQ[m vlawGqD udk prf;a&pD;ovkd pD;qif;vmaewJh a&T'*Fg;wef; aiG'*Fg;wef;awGyJ? tvkyfvkyfwJh vlwkdif;[m 'DpD;aMumif;xJu tojymudk udk,fhtdwfxJ ajrmif;oG,fvkdY&oavmuf oG,f,laeMuwJh oabmygyJ? wenf; ajym&&if tvkyfvkyfwJhvlwkdif;&JUydkufqHtdwfxJudk tojympD;aMumif;wck rjywfpD;0ifaew,f vkdY uRefawmfwkdYjrifEkdifw,f? [kwfw,frvm;} oifwef;om;tm;vHk;u [kwfaMumif;ajzMuonf/ ]aumif;NyD? vlwkdif;rSm tojympD;aMumif;wpfck&Sdw,fqkd&if csrf;omcsifwJh vlwa,muf [m olYrSm&SdNyD;om; ckdifrmNyD;om;jzpfwJh tJ'D0ifaiGpD;aMumif;udkyJ tajccHNyD; rMuHpnfrBudK;pm;oifhbl;vm;} 22
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onftcsufudkvnf; oifwef;om;rsm; oabmwlnDMuonf/ onfaemuf tmcwfu MuufOukefonf[kqkdaom yk*¾Kdvftm;ar;onf? ]cifAsm; MuufO awmif;wvkH;xJudk aeYpOf reufykdif;rSm MuufOq,fvHk;xnfhr,f? naeykdif;rSm udk;vHk;jyefxkwf,lr,f qkdygawmh? Mum&ifbmjzpfvmrvJ} ]awmif;xJrSmMuufOawGjynfhvmrSmaygh} ]bmaMumifhvJ} ]aeYwkdif; 'Dawmif;xJudk MuufOwpfvHk;pD jznfhay;ovkd jzpfaewmudk;} onftcg tmcwfu twef;omrsm;tm;vHk;udk NyHK;íMunfhNyD;ajymonf/ ]cifAsm;wkdYtxJrSm ykdufqHtdwfydefaewJh vlawG&Sdovm;} yxr olwdkYjyKH;onf/ xkdYaemuf&,fMuonf? tJonfaemufrSm jym;csyfaeaom olwkdY ydkufqHtdwfawGudk a0SU&rf;jyMuonf/ ][kwfNyD? tck uRefawmf cifAsm;wkdYudk tJ'DydefaewJhydwfqHtdwfawGudk jynfh0vmapr,fh aq;enf;wpfckay;r,f? tJ'gubmvJqkdawmh apmapmuMuufOukefonfudk uRefawmfajymcJhwJh twkdif;vkyfzkdYyJ? cifAsm;wkdY ykdufqHtdwfxJudk ykdufqHq,fjym;0if&if udk;jym;udkxkwfoHk;yg/ wpfjym;udk csefxm;yg?tJ'Denf;pepfudk pwifusifhoHk;wmeJU wjydKifeuf cifAsm;wkdYydkufqHtdwfawG azmif;pjyK vmygvdrfhr,f? tdwfxJrSm a&TpaiGpawGeJY av;vHvmwmeJYtrQ cifAsm;wkdY pdwfcsrf; omrIY &vmvdrfh r,f? udk,fhudk,fudk auseyftm;&rI &SdvmMuvdrfhr,f? ]uRefawmfajymwJh enf;vrf;awGu vG,fulvGef;tm;BuD;wJhtwGuf cifAsm;wkdY txif rao; MuygeJY? ravSmifMu r&,fMuygeJY? trSefw&m;qkdwmawG[m tjrJwrf; tJovkd½dk;pif;w,f? &Sif;vif; vG,fulw,f? cifAsm;wkdYudk uRefawmf b,fyHkb,fenf; csrf;omcJhw,fqdkwJh taMumif; ajymjyr,fvkdY uwday;cJhw,f? csrf;omzkdYtwGuf uRefawmfyxrqHk; pwifcJhwm 'Denf;vrf;yJ? e*dkwkef;u uRefawmfykdufqHtdwfvnf; ydefuyfjym;csyfaecJhwmaygh? uRefawmfh tvkdqE´awG bmwckrS jznfhqnf; ray;EkdifcJhwJh tJ'DtdwfBuD;udk uRefawmftjrJ usdefqJaecJhwm? 'gayr,fh tJ'DtdwfxJudk ydkufqH q,fjym;xnfhNyD;&if udk;jym;yJ xkwfoHk;pGJwJhpepfudk vufawGY usifhoHk;wwfvmNyD;wJhaemufrSm uRefawmhftdwf wjznf;jznf; azmif;vmcJhw,f? cifAsm;wkdYvnf; tJ'Dtwkdif; usifhoHk;r,fqkd&if uRefawmfh enf;wljzpfrSmyJ/ 23
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]'Dae&mrSm xl;qef;wJhtcsufwck uRefawmfajym&OD;r,f? bmaMumifh 'Dvkd jzpfovJ qkdwmawmh uRefawmfvnf;rodbl;? tJ'gubmvJqkdawmh tdwfxJ0ifvmwJh q,fjym;xJu udk;jym; udkom xkwfoHk;ayr,fh uRefawmf t&ifuxuf toHk;tpm; usyfroGm;wJh taMumif;yg?e*dk rlv taetxkdifxuf avsmhyg;roGm;bl;? aemufwcsufu 'Denf;pepfusifhoHk;NyD; rsm;rMumrDrSmbJ tdwfxJudk aiGaMu;awGt&ifxuf tvG,fwul0ifvmw,f? 'guawmh bk&m;ocif&JU tvkdawmfbJvkdY uRefawmfqkdcsifw,f? &orQaiGudk ukefatmifroHk;bl;? wpdwfwykdif; csefxm;wwf pkaqmif;wwfw,f qkdwJhvlqDudk aiGawG[m a&Sma&Sm½I½I 0ifvmavh&Sdw,f? 0iforQaiGudk tukef oHk;wJh ydefusKHaomtdwfeJY vlrsdK;udkawmh &wema&TaiGawG[m a&Smifz,foGm;avh&Sdw,f? 'guRefawmf udk,fawGUbJ?} ]tJ'Dawmh cifAsm;wkdY b,ft&mudk vkdcsifawmifhwMurvJ? pm;aumif;aomufzG,fawG? 0wfaumif;pm;vSawG? taqmifta,mif tqifwefqmawG? wpf'*F wpfcPoHk;NyD; aysmuf ysufukefqHk;oGm;r,fh[mawGvm;? 'grSr[kwf pdefa&T &wem? ajr,m? odk; qdwf uRJ EGm;eJY wjcm; 0ifaiGwkd;yGm;r,fhvkyfief; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGvm;? tdwfxJu xkwfoHk;vkdufwJh aiGawGu yxr trsdK;tpm; vkdtifqE´awGtwGuf jzpfvdrfhr,f? tdwfxJrSm usef&pfcJhwJh[mawGuawmh 'kwd, trsKd;tpm; ypönf;awG ykdifqkdif&&Sdapvdrfhr,f} ]uRefawmfay;csifwJh yxroifcef;pmu 'gygyJ? ydefMuHKaewJh uRefawmfh tojymtdwf jynfhwif;vmatmif tm;jznfhay;cJhwJh yxrqHk;aq;ñTef;u tdwfxJxnfhvkdufwJh ykdufqH q,fjym;rSm udk;jym;udkyJ oHk;w,fqkdwJh avhusifhcef;yJ? tJ'D tcsufrrSefbl;vdkY ,lqvkdY&Sd&if reufjzefusawmh uRefawmfhudkajymyg? uRefawmfwkdYxyfNyD; aqG;aEG;Muwmaygh? 'DaeY tbkdYawmh 'gavmufygyJ/}
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]cif;Asm;wkdYtxJu wcsKdUyk*¾dKvfawG uRefawmfhudkar;ygw,f? udk,f&wJh0ifaiGtm;vHk; oHk;wm awmif vkdtyfcsufawGrjynfhpHk Ekdifao;wJhvlwa,mufaeeJY 0ifaiGq,fyHkwpfykHudk b,fvkd pkaqmif; EkdifrSmvJ} wJh/ 'kwd,aeY oifwef;tprSm tmcwfu,if;odkY pumtpysKd;vkdufonf/ ] uJcifAsm;wkdYtxJrSm raeYwkef;u ykdufqHtdwfydefaewJhvl b,fESpfa,muf&SdovJ } ]tm;vHk;ygyJ} oifwef;om;rsm;ajzMuonf/ ][kwfNyD? tm;vHk; ydkufqHtdwfydefMuw,f? 'gayr,fh &wJh0ifaiGcsif;usawmh rwlMubl; r[kwfvm;? wcsKdUu wjcm;vlawGxuf trsm;BuD;ykd&w,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvkd0ifaiGawG rdom;pk tajctaeawG rwlwJhMum;u tdwfxJrSmykdufqHrusef wmcsif;usawmh wlaeMuw,f? thJ'g bm aMumifhvJ? 'Dae&mrSm aiGaMu;oHk;pGJrIYeJY ywfoufwJh owdjyKp&mtcsufwck uRefawmfajymcsifw,f? 'gubmvJqkdawmh uRefawmfwkdYudk,fudkuRefawmfwkdY xdef;csKyfrIYrjyKbl;qkd&if uRefawmfwkdY&JY roHk; rjzpfqkdwJh udpöawGtwGuf ukefusaiG[m wkd;wufvmwJhuRefawmfwkdY0ifaiGeJU trSDvkdufNyD; wufae r,f qdkwJhtcsufbJ} ]vkdtyfcsufeJY tvkdqE´udk ra&maxG;Muapcsifbl;? b,folrqkd b,frdom;pkrqkd vkdtifqE´ awGu udk,fh0ifaiGt& jznfhpGrf;Ekdifwmxuf ykdaewmcsnf;yJ? 'gaMumifhrkdY udk,f&SdwJhaiGudk ukefatmif oHk;wJhwkdif rjynfh0Ekdifao;wJh vkdtifqE´awGu &SdjrJ&Sdaewm?} ]vlwkdif;vlwkdif;[m udk,fjznfhqnf;EkdifpGrf;&SdwmxufydkNyD; BuD;rm;av;vHwJh tvkdqE´0efxkyf 0efykd;awGudk xrf;ykd;xm;&w,f? Oyrm uRefawmfqkdygawmh? Opöm"e<u,f0wJhyk*¾dKvftjzpf cifAsm;wkdY jrifMuw,f?'gayr,fh tJ'Dvkd<u,f0wJhtwGuf uRefawmfhrSm vkdtifqE´rSeforQ jynfh0aeNyDvkdY,lq&if cifAsm;wkdY rSm;w,f? bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh uRefawmfwkdYrSm tppt&m&m tuefYtowfawG &SdaeMu wmudk;?uRefawmfhrSmtcsdefu tuefYtowfeJYbJ&Sdw,f? cGeftm;vnf; tuefUtowfeJYyJ&Sdw,f? c&D; oGm;r,fqkd&ifvnf; oGm;EkdifwJhtuGmta0; tuefYtowf&Sdw,f? pm;wmrSmvnf; tuefYtowf &Sdw,f? wpHkw&m aysmf&TifcHpm;r,fqkd&ifvnf; tuefYtowf&Sd w,f?} 25
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uHMur®maumifudk qGJaqmifac:iifedKifonfh enf;vrf;[lonfaum trSefwu,f&Sdyg\avm/ a&S;abbDvHkom;wdkY\ acgif;xJrSm onfjyóem udef;atmifcJhonf/ onfjyóemudk olwdkY BudK;pm;tajz&SmMuonf/ ppfppfonfyk*¾dKvfawGonf ÓPfynmxufjrwfolrsm; tawG;tac:t&mü vdr®molrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifhvJ olwdkY\NrdKawmfonf xdkacwftcgu tcsrf;om t<u,f0qHk; ESifh wefcdk;tmPm tBuD;rm;qHk; jzpfcJhjcif;yif/ a&S;ya0oPD[kqdk&rnfh xdkpOfumvu olwdkYqDwGif pmoifausmifrsm; wuúodkvf aumvdyfrsm; r&Sdao;yg/ odkYaomf todynmqnf;yl;&m ae&mXmewpfckum; &SdcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ ynmudk vufawGU&SmrSD;onfh ae&mwpfck/ onfae&mu abbDvHk\ BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom taqmufttHkrsm;pGmxJ;wGifrS txif&Sm;qHk; wpfckjzpfí bk&ifrif;jrwf pHeef;awmf? O,smOfysHrsm;? txifu&ewfuGef;BuD;rsm;ESifh wef;wl ta&;yg cJhonf/ tJonftcsdefu abbDvHkom;wdkY\ tawG;ac: t,ltqrsm;udk yHkoGif;zefwD;&mü onf ae&mavmuf MoZmwduúrBuD;aomae&mr&SdcJh/ odkYaomf ordkif;usrf;rsm;xJwGifrl onfae&mtaMumif; wpfaphwpfapmif;rQyif azmfjyavhr&SdcJh/ xdktaqmuftODudk ynmhAdrmef taqmuftOD[k ac:a0:Muonf/tJonfae&mwGif apwem q&mwdkYu rdrdwwftyforQynmudk tcrJh a[majymydkYcsMuonf/vltrsm; pdwf0ifpm;aomtaMumif; t&mwdkYudk onfae&mwGif vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aqG;aEGG;a0zefMuonf/ tJonf taqmuf ttHkxJrSm &SdpOfwGif vlwdkif;onf wefwl&nfwlyifjzpfonf/ tedrfhusqHk; aus;uRefonfvnf; rif;nDrif;om; wpfyg;ESifh tawG;tac:csif; ,SOfNydKifaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdonf/ ynmhAdr®mefodkY yHkrSefvma&mufMuolrsm;xJwGif wpfOD;aomyk*¾dKvfu abbDvHkwGift<u,f0qHk; [k vltrsm;odxm;Muonfh ol<u,fynm&Sd tmcwfjzpfonf/tmcwfrSm ynmhAdr®mefxJü oD;oefY cef;rwpfckyif &Sdxm;onf/onfcef;rü nwdkif;vdkvdk vlpnfavh&Sdonf/ vlBuD;vnf;ygonf? vli,f vnf;ygonf? t"duawmh vlvwfydkif;yk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfonf/ npOf onftcef;rSm pka0;um trsm; pdwf0ifpm;onfh taMumif;&yfrsKd;pHkudk aqG;aEG;ajymqdkavh&SdMuonf/ wpfckaomncsrf;rSm olwdkYaqG;aEG;a0zefMuonfh taMumif;t&mwpfckudk uRefawmfwdkY em;pGifhMunfhMuygpdkY/ taemufrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wGif aevHk;eDeD 0ifa&mufaysmufuG,fvktcsdef cef;rxJ;odkU tmcwf a&mufvmonf/ tcef;xJ;rSm vlav;q,favmufu olYt&if a&mufESifhaeMuNyD;jzpfonf/ Murf;jyif wGif aumfaZmi,fudk,fpDcif;um xdkifolxdkif vSJolvSJaeMuonf/ tmcwf aemufrS0ifolawG 0ifvm Muonf/ 41
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4. "eOpöm[lonf rdrdvnf;ruRrf;usif? uRrf;usifolwdkYvnf; tm;ray;aom tvkyfrsKd;wGif &ifESD;jr§KwfESHaomolwdkYxHrS avsmusaysmufuG,f oGm;wwfpNrJjzpfonf/ 5. "eOpöm[lonf ,if;rSvGefuJvSaom tjrwftpGef;rsKd;udk arQmfrSef;olrsm;? vlvdrfvlnm wdkY\ jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifrIYaemuf vdkufygema,mifwwfolrsm;? tawGUtMuHKenf;yg;um pdwful; ,Of,Ofjzifh rqifrjcif &if;ESD;jr§KwfESHrIYjyKolrsm;xHrS a&SmifcGmxGufajy;oGm;wwfpNrJjzpfonf/
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]]]'gawGu vGefcJhwJhq,fESpfumv uRefawmftdrfu xGufcGmpOftcsdefrSm tazay;vdkufwJh Mo0g'pmcsyfxJrSm azmfjyyg&SdwJh "eOya'o ig;&yfygbJ? 'Dvrf;ñTefpm[m oleJYtwl taz ay;cJhwJh a½T'*Fg;xkyfxufydkNyD; tbdk;wefcJhw,fvdkY uRefawmfqdkvdkufcsifygw,f? bmaMumifh 'Dvdkqdk&ovJ xif&Sm;atmif uRefawmfh Zmwfvrf;udk uRefawmf qufajymyghr,f?} ]]tJ'Daemuf Edkrmqm;u olYtazbufrsufESmrlNyD; qufajymjyefw,f? ]tawGUtMuHKenf; todOmPfajr§mftjrif enf;cJhwJhtwGuf uRefawmf qif;&J'ku©a&mufcJh&wJhtaMumif; ajymNyD;ygNyD? 'gayr,fh uHMur®mqdk;qdkwmvJ tcsdefwefawmhtqHk;owf&pNrJyg?uRefawmftvkyfwpfck &vmygw,f? eifeDaA;NrdKUawmf&JY tjyifNrdKU½dk;opfwnfaqmufwJhae&mrSm uRefvkyfom;wpfpkudk BuD;Muyfcdkif;apay;& wJh tvkyfyg? ]]'DtcsdefrSmawmh tazay;vkdufwJh "eOya'o trSwf(1) udk odxm;NyD;jzpfavawmh uRefawmfyxrqHk;vkyfcaiGxJu aMu;eDjym;wpfjym;wjym; pNyD;pkygw,f? tJh'Daemuf tcGifhomwdkif; 'DpkaiGrSmxyfNyD; jznfhwif;wJhtcg aiG'*Fg;wpfjym; pkrdvmygw,f? tJ'DavmuftxdjzpfzdkY[m tcsdef tawmfBuD;Mumygw,f? bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh xrif;pm;bdkYuvnf; vdkao;wmudk? 'gayr,fh q,fESpfjynfhvdkYtdrfjyef&if tenf;qHk;tazay;vdkufwJh a½Txkyfavmufawmh jyefygrS jzpfr,fvdkY pdwfxJjy|mef;xm;wmqdkawmh uRefawmf ydkufqHudk wwfEdkiforQ ap;ap;ukyfukyf oHk;pGJygw,f? ]]wpfaeYrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkYtvkyfcGif tBuD;tuJvkyfolu uRefawmfhudkajymw,f? oleJ uRefawmfutawmfvnf;&if;ESD;aeMuNyD? oluEdkrmqm;? rif;[mvli,fwa,mufjzpfayr,fh toHk;tpGJ tifrwefuspfvspfw,f? ckavmufqdkawmh rif;rSm tawmftwef pkNyD; aqmif;NyD;&Sda&mayghwJh? olu ar;w,f? ]]][kwfygw,f? uRefawmhfrSm tazay;vkdufwJhaiGawG tcsnf;tESD;jzKef;wD;ypfrdvkdY tcktJ'g jyefjynfhatmif BudK;pm;jznfhae&w,f? vdkYjyefajzawmh? olu? ]]at;? aumif;ygw,fuGmwJh? 'gayr,fh ydkufqHqdkwm 'Dtwdkif;odrf;xm;wmxuf olYudk cdkif;ap&if tusKd;tjrwf &SdvmedKifw,f? pkxm;wmxuf ydkwdk;yGm;vmedKifw,f r[kwfvm; wJh? olu qdkawmh? ]][kwfawmh[kwfygw,f?'gayr,fh uRefawmfhrSm &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIYeJY ywfowfNyD; tawmfcg;oD; wJh tawGUtMuHKav;awG &Sdaeawmh tckudk,fhbmom &SmazGpkaqmif;xm;wmav; udk prf;Munfh&rSm odyfaMumufaew,f? ]]'Dtcgoluqdkw,f? rif;ighudk,HkMunf&ifawmh igeJYtwlvkyfMunfhyg? aiGudktusKd;&Sdatmif &if;ESD; jr§KyfESHyHk tawGUtMuHKwpfck rif;&oGm;rSmygwJh? NyD;awmh olYtpDtpOfudkajymjyw,f? 62
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bmrSaMumufp&mrvdkbl;vdkY? [kwfvm;?}} xdkYaemuf aeYpOf&ufqufyif AefZm;onf olwm0efus&m ae&mü tapmifhwm0efudk xrf;aqmifaecJhonf/ ola&SYrSjzwfum tulppfonfawG pBuFvrf;twdkif; NrdKU½dk;ay:odkY wokwf NyD; wokwf wufoGm;Muwm oljrif&onf/NrdKU½dk;ay:rSmwdkufMucdkufMuNyD; 'Pf&mESifhjzpfap toufrygyJ jzpfap atmufodkYjyefa&mufvmMuwm oljrif&onf/ olYteD;rSmawmh NrdKU½dk;BuD; MuhHMuhHcHEdkifyghrvm; awG;ylum &ifwrrjzpfaeMuonfh NrdKUolNrdKYom;rsm;u pdk;&drfxdwfvefYaom rsufESmrsm;jzifh rjywf0dkif; &HvQuf&Sdonf/ olYtm; wdkuf½dkufar;jref;vmolrsm;udkrl olu 0g&ifh ppfom;wpfOD;\ &J&ifh0Hpm;aom trlt,mjzifhyif abbDvHkNrdKU½dk;BuD;onf ¤if;wdkYtm; umuG,f apmifha&Smufay;vdrfhrnf jzpfaMumif; jywfjywfom;om; ajymMum;aecJhonf/ &ufowÅoHk;ywfESifh ig;&ufwdwd&SdcJhNyD? xdk;ppfu wpdk;wpdrQ avsmhyg;oGm;jcif;r&Sdao;/ AefZm;\ rsufESmtrlt,mu wif;rmoxuf wif;rmvmonf/ olYteD;w0dkuf&Sd ajrjyifrSm vlaygif; rsm;pGmwdkY jzwfoef;oGm;vmrIYaMumifh xaomzHkrsm; 'Pf&m&ppfonfwdkYxHrS pD;,dkusonfh aoG;rsm; aMumifh aoG;½THap;jyifBuD;jzpfaeNyD/ tjyifbufqDüvnf; aeYpOfyif abbDvHkppfonfwdkY ckcHwdkufcdkuf rIYaMumifh twHk;t½Hk;usqHk;Muonfh &efolYtavmif;wdkYrSm NrdKU½dk;ajc&if;wGif pkyHkvsuf&Sdonf/ nbuf a&mufvsif usef&Jabmf&Jbufrsm;u onftavmif;awGudk o,f,lum ajrjr§KyfoN*ØK[fonf/ xdkpwkx¦&ufowÅywf\ yÍörnwGifvnf; nDaemifom;csif;rsm; taygif;toif;a&mif; &if;rsm;\tavmif;udk wGif;wl;jr§KwfESH&onfh'ku©BuD;u rNyD;qHk;ao;/ odkYaomf aemufaeYreuf aet½kPfwufcsdefírl NrdKUwHcg;teD;wGif wdwfqdwfíaeNyD;? [dk;ta0;qDüom qkwfcGgoGm;aom &efolwyfrsmaMumifh xonfhzkefrIefYtvdyfrsm;udk xGufjyLp aejcnfatmufü vSrf;jrifMu&avonf/ NrdKU½dk;ay:&Sd ppfonfrsm;xHrS atmifNyD[líwcJeuf a<u;aMumfoHBuD; ay:vmonf/csufjcif; yif NrdKU½dk;atmufbufem;&Sd ppfonfrsm;vnf; oHwlvkdufí[pfa<u;Muonf/ xdkaemufwGifrl tBuD; tus,f 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGm [pfatmfa<u;aMumfMuonfh toHrsm;rSm rkefwdkif;a0SYvdkufonfhyrm abbDvHkwpfNrdKUvHk;odkY wrk[kwfcsif;jyefYESHum tHk;tHk;uRwfuRwf nHíoGm;avonf/ aetdrfrsm;xJrS vlawGajy;xGufvmMuonf/vrf;rrsm;ay:wGif oJoJ½kwf½kwf vltkyfawGESifh jynfhESufoGm;onf/ &ufowÅav;ywfceYf udef;atmif;aecJhaom aMumufpdwfrsm;onf aysmfoHjrL;oH [pfatmfoHrsm;tjzpf vGifhxGufvmMuonf/ bJvfAdrmefawmf&Sd arQmfpifBuD;\ 87
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88
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tcef; (8) Adkufqmavav OD;aESmufuydkMunfvifav pm;aumif;aomufzG,f teHYawGudk ydkNyD; tm½Hk cHpm;rdavyJ/ tJonfvdk wmcufawG;aerdonf/ tZl;,m\om; wmcuf/ wmcuf tvGeftrif; qmavmifrGwfodyfaeonf/ oltpm;rpm;&wm ESpf&ufvHk;vHk; &SdcJhNyD/ apmapmu [dktdrfwtdrf NcHpnf;½dk;ay:ausmfNyD; cdk;qGwfcJhwJh ozef;oD;ESpfvHk;uvGJvQifaygh/ aemuf wpfvHk;cl;rnftjyK tdrf&Sifrdef;rjrifNyD;vSrf;qJojzifh 'vMurf;ajy;cJh&onf/ [dkrdef;ru vrf;xJ xGuf vdkufvmao;onf/toHus,fus,fESifh wtm;ukef;atmfaeonfh xdkrdef;r\ toHu olaps;xJa&muf onftxd em;xJnHaeqJjzpfonf/ pifppf onfqJoH emcHcJh&ojzifhom aps;onfrawG\awmif;xJ;u opfoD; 89
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vSvSyyawGudk rEIdufrdatmif olxdef;xm;Edkifjcif;jzpfonf/ ,ckrSyif aps;xJ;rSm pm;aomufzG,f&mawG rsm;jym;vSyHk ESifh teHtoufawG arT;ysHvSjcif;udk oltxlowdjyKaerdawmhonf/tJonfaemuf aps;teD;pm;aomuf qdkifa&SY ola&mufvmonf/todtuRrf; wpHkwpfa,muf awGvdkawGUjim; acgufwkefYacgufjyefavQmuf onf/ aMu;jym;wpfjym;avmuf acs;iSm;rnfholawGUvQif qdkifxJ0if oGm;rnf/ aMu;jym;omygvQif oabmraumif;onfh tJonfqdkif&Sifu tNyHK;ESifhBudKum olYudk xrif;yGJ;[if;yGJ csay;vdrfhrnf/ aiGvufiif;rygvQifawmh 0ifbdkYrpOf;pm;ESifh/ onfvlu tifrwef&dkif;onfhyk*d¾Kvf/ onfvdk awG;awG;ai;ai;oGm;aeqJ olrawGUcsifqHk; yk*¾dKvfwa,mufESifh wnfhwnfh BuD;wdk; onf/ ukvm;tkwfukefonf 'gAmqm;/ t&yf&Snf&Snf t½dk;tqpfBuD;BuD;ESifhyk*¾dKvf/ wmcuf ydkufqH tenf;tyg;pD acs;iSm;oHk;pGJzl;aom todrdwfaqG tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdonfhteuf 'gAmqm;urvG,fqHk; yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ olYydkufqHudk uwdtwdkif; jyefrqyfao;onfhudpö twGuf 'gAmqm;ESifhawGwdkif; wmcuf tajymtqdkcHae&onf/ wzufom;pdwfnpfatmif tvGefESdyfpufwwfonfhyk*¾dKvf/ 'gAmqm; rsufESmuawmh oludkjrifonfESifh vif;íoGm;onf/ ]][m;? wmcufygvm;uG? igvdkuf&SmaewJhyk*¾dKvfyJ? NyD;cJhwJhvwkef;u aMu;eDjym;ESpfjym;? 'dt&ifu aiG'*Fg;wjym; acs;oGm;wJh yk*¾dKvf? wu,fhudktqifoifhyJuGm? tJ'DydkufqHawG 'DaeYjyef&&if tbdk;wefwmyJ? oHk;p&m av;awG &Sdaew,fuG? b,fvdkvJudk,fhvl? b,fvdkvJ?}} wmcuf tBuD;tus,f&Sufum rsufESmBuD;eDjref;oGm;onf/ olbmjyefajym&rSef;rod/ txl;ojzifh AdkufxJ;rSm tpmr&Sdonfh ,ckvdktcsdefrsKd;wGif pum;oGufvSol 'gAmqm;ESifhtacstwif ajymEdkifpGrf; olYrSmvHk;0r&Sd/ ]]aqm&D;yJAsm? uRefawmfawmif;yefygw,f}} [líyJ avoHaysmhaysmhESifh olajymrdonf/ ]]'DaeYawmh uRefawmfhtdwfxJ aMu;eDjym;vnf;r&SdvdkY uRefawmf ray;Edkifao;ygbl;Asm?}} ]]r&Sd&ifvnf; &SdatmifvkyfayghuGm?}} 'gAmqm;u avQmhray;/ ]] aMu;eDjym;ESpfjym; aiG'*Fg; wjym;avmufuawmh &atmif&Sm&if &wmayghuGm? &SmNyD;&if olrsm;qDu acs;xm;wm jyefqyfaygh? udk,fhtaz&JY rdwfaqGvnf;jzpf?udk,ftvdk&SdcsdefrSm &uf&ufa&ma&m oabmaumif;aumif;eJY ulnDxm; wJhvlwa,mufudk udk,fhbufu jyefodwwf&rSmaygh?}} ]]ukodkvfuHu wcsufuav;rS rsufESmomray;awmh uRefawmfbufu b,fvdkvkyf jyefodwwfEdkifrvJAsm?}} ]][? ukodkvfuHudk vTJrcseJYavuGm? udk,fhcsKdU,Gif;csufaMumifh jzpfwJhudpöudk rqdkifwmoGm; 90
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102
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104
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105
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pmcsyftrSwf (1) qD;&D;,m;jynfwGif uRefwa,muftjzpfodkY usa&mufcJhNyD; rMumrDu wkdif;jynfodkY jyef vnfa&muf&SdchJaom uREkfyf'gAmqm;onf uREkfyfudk,fwdkif a<u;,lojzifh wif&SdcJhaom a<u;NrD; rsm;udk jyefvnfay;qyfvQuf uREkfyfudk,fudk uREkfyf\ZmwdNrdKU abbDvHkwGif vltrsm; av;pm; ,HkMunfolwOD;tjzpf jyefvnfxlaxmif&ef jyif;jyaom tmoDo&Sdonfhtm;avQmfpGm uREkfyf \ tpDtpOfrsm;udk pepfwus pDrHaqmif½GufoGm;edKif&eftwGuf ½GHUap;pmcsyfwGif t&Snfwnfrnfh þrSwfwrf;tm; ,ckvjynfhaeYwGif a&;xGif;cJhyg\/ uREkfyf\ rdwfaqGaumif;BuD; rmoGefay;tyfonfh wefbdk;&SdvSonfh tMuHOmPftwdkif; uREfkyftm; a<u;NrD;ñTefwGif;rSvGwfuifí *kPfodu©m&Sdaomb0odkY jr§ifhwifedKifrnfh wdusaom þtpDtpOftwdkif; vdkufemaqmif½Guf&ef uREkfyftav;teuf t"d|mefjyKonf/ þtpDtpOfwGif uREkfyf\arQmfrSef;csufESifh tvkdqE´rsm;udk xif[yfonfh OD;wnfcsuf oHk;&yfyg&Sd\/ yxr-þtpDtpOfwGif tem*wfumv uRefawmf\ csrf;omBuD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyf aqmif&ef tcsufwckyg\/ ,if;tcsuft& uRefawmf&&SdorQ0ifaiG\ q,fyHkwpfyHkudk a&&SnfydkifqdkifrIYtwGuf uRefawmf odrf;qnf;&rnfjzpf\/ tajrmftjrif&SdaomrmoGefu þodkYqdkcJhonf/ ]]rdrd\ tojymtdwfxJü avmavmq,frdrdoHk;pGJ&efrvdkaom a½TpaiGpudk xnfhoGif; odrf;qnf; xm;Edkifolum; rdom;pktwGuf aumif;usKd;udk aqmifoljzpf\/ bk&ifrif;jrwftay: opömapmifhod ½dkaoolvnf;jzpf\/ ]]tojymtdwfxJü aMu;eDjym;tenf;i,fom&Sdolonf rdompktwGuf rodwwfol bk&ifrif;jrwf udkvnf; vspfvsL½IYoljzpf\/ ]]tojymtdwfxJü tojym wjym;wcsyfrQruyfolum; rdom;pkudkvnf; rn§mwm bk&ifrif;jrwf tay:vnf; opömrapmifhodol jzpf\/ xdkol\ESvHk;om;ü cg;onf;rItwdom jynfhESufvsuf&Sd\/ ]]xdkYaMumifh rdrd\ESvHk;om;wGif;ü rdom;pktwGuf arwÅm"mwfrsm; jynfhvQrf;aevdkol? rdrdt&Sif bk&ifrif;jrwfudkvnf; opömapmifhod½dkaovdkolonf tvdkqE´jynfh0&ef t&m&m pGrf;aqmif atmifjrif&eftwGuf rdrdtojymtdwftwGif;ü a½T'*Fg; aiG'*Fg;oH cRifcRifjrnfatmif rjywfxnfhoGif; odrf;qnf;xm;EdkifbdkYvdkayonf/}} 106
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'kwd,- þtpDtpOfwGif uREkfyf\ZeD;onfESifh pyfvsOf;onfh tcsufwpfckvnf;yg\/ zcifaetdrfrS uREkfyfxHodkY opöm&SdpGm jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaom uREkfyf\cspfvSpGmaom ZeD;onf tm; t0wfwefqmrStp jynfhpHkatmifjznfhqnf;yHhydk;&rnfjzpf\/ opöm&Sdaom ZeD;r,m;tm; aumif;pGm apmifha&Smufjcif;onf a,musfm;aumif;wdkY\ESvHk;om;ü rdrdudk,fudk av;pm;,HkMunf pdwfrsm; jynfh0 apNyD;? rdrd\&nfrSef;csufrsm; atmifjrifatmif taumiftxnfazmfaqmifrnfh oEéd|mefESifh owdÅ pGrf;tm;rsm;tm;vnf; xufjrufapEdkifaMumif; rmoGefuqdkcJhonf/ xdktwGuf uREkfyf&&SdorQ0ifaiG\ q,fyHkckESpfyHkudk rdom;pk om,mcsrf;ajrYrIYtwGuf pm;0wfaea&;ESifh tjcm;taxGaxGudpörsm;wGif oHk;pGJ&ef owfrSwfcefYcGJxm;&rnfjzpf\/ tqdkyg q,fyHkckESpfyHkxuf wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQyif ydkíroHk;pGJ;rdatmif apmifhpnf;xdef;odrf;&efvnf; rdwf aqGBuD;rmoGefu tav;teufajymqdk\/ tpDtpOf\ atmifjrifrI ratmifjrifrIonf þ tcsufay:wGifrlwnfaMumif; tcdkiftrmolqdk\/ q,fyHkckESpfyHk[laom twdkif;twmtwGif;ü om &yfwnfaexdkif&rnf? ,if;xufausmfvGefí 0,fjcrf;jcif; oHk;pGJjcif; vHk;0r&Sdap&/
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tuf(p)urm;? oli,fcsif;? aiG 1? aMu; 3? [m&ifqm;? vuf0wf&wemvkyfief;? aiG 6? aMu; 2? 'D,mabum? zcif\rdwfaqG? aiG 4? aMu; 1? t,f(v)u[wf? tdrfydkif&Sif? aiG 14? rmoGef? aiGwdk;acs;orm;? aiG 9? bD&,f*spf? v,form;? aiG 1? aMu; 7? «rSwfcsuf/ / atmufzufydkif;ü pmcsyfrSm ysufpD;aeonf/ qufzwfír&/»
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uREkfyf\ tcifrifqHk;rdwfaqG[k ,lqxm;cJhaom tmrm;onf uREfkyftm; cg;cg;onf; onf; qJa&jypfwifajymqdk&m uREkfyfrSm olYtdrfrS tvGefpdwfysuf0rf;enf;pGm jyefvmcJh&\/ v,form;wOD;jzpfol bD&,f*spfurl olYrSmaiGaMu;Muyfwnf;vGef;onfjzpfí olYa<u;NrD;rsm;udk t&ifqHk;qyfay;&efom xyfwvJvJ yefMum;ajymqdkcJhonf/ tdrfydkif&Sif t,f(v)u[wfonf vnf; vHk;0nd§EIdif;&cufaom yk*¾dKvfwOD;jzpfonf/ olYaiGudk tjrefqHk; taustvnfray;vQif jyóem &SmrnfjzpfaMumif; Budrf;armif;ajymqdkonf/ odkYaomf usefvlrsm;tm;vHk;um; uREkfyf\ tpDtpOfudk vdkvdkvm;vm;yif vufcHcJhMuonf/ uREkfyftaeESifh a<u;udk a&Smifwdrf;xGufajy;jcif;xuf ausvnfatmifay;qyfjcif;u ydkí oufom ao;aMumif; vufawGUod&NyD;jzpf&m ,ckuJhodkY a<u;&Sifrsm;xHrS axmufcHtm;ay;rIY &&Sd onfh tcgürl tpDtpOfudk NyD;ajrmufatmif taumiftxnfazmfvdkpdwfrsm; ydkí jywfom; cdkifrmvm cJh&onf/ tcsKdUaoma<u;&Sifrsm;\ vwfwavmtvdkqE´rsm;ESifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk uREkfyfvdkufem Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/ odkYaomf tm;vHk;tay: rQrQww jzpfatmifum; uREkfyftm;xkwf aqmif½Guf oGm; rnf jzpfygonf/
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