Service system concept

Ventilation System

Ventilation of this project can be divided into three parts: existed building and entrance hall part with machines on the roof area, lecture hall part with facilities under stairs to roof garden, computer lab part with individual techiniical room neighbour to classroom.

Water suply & Waste system

As for water supply and waste system, mainly in toilet area that we put at the same area in each floor, which is convenient and easy-facilitied in the process of constructioin. Considering drainage system for the new addtion part, we made use of the single-slope roof garden to collect rainfall through main two columns and transfer to underground.

Heating system

Heating system design concept is similar to ventilation, existed buidling is seperated to new addtion part. Under the background of Milan climate, we calculated heat loads of new addtions in winter applying designed U-Values for different materials.

Fresh Air

Return Air / Exhausted Air

Water supply system

Waste system

Drainage system

Heating system (hot water)

Heating system (cold water)

Heat load

Basic data:

External design temperature in Milan: -5oC

Internal design temperature for education building: 20oC

Design temperature difference: 25oC

Building data:

Collect datas of lecture hall and compute lab with internal air volume (Vi ), area (A k ), thermal transmittance of each Building element (Uk), thermal transmittance of each linear thermal bridge (Ψl), length of each linear thermal bridge in meters (Li).

Total heat load:

Total design heat loss is the sum of design transmission heat loss for heated space, design ventilation heat loaa for heated space, design heating-up capacity, therefore, we calculated these heat loss seperately in the new addtiion part, and get the final data of total heat loss.

Heat loss calculation:

1. Transmission heat loss calculation: including direct to exterior, through unheated soace, through ground, heat loss through to different heated space.

2. Direct to exterior: including building element and every thermal bridge heat loss by getting the proper U-Values.

3. Through unheated space: between classrooms and technical rooms.

4. Through the ground: for lecture hall, it has the retaining wall at the bottom of the floor, for computer lab its floor just on the ground.

Ventilation system

Overall information

As described before, new addition has provided individual ventilation system and relative technical room for lecture hall and computer lab. For this reason, we calculate airflow and duct sections seperately.

Section calculation

Firstly, the total air flow includes air flow for area and airflow for person, we also need decide the air velocity for primary tubes and secondary tubes. All formulas and calculations are mainly for the fresh air flow.

Duct size decision

When we take consideration on choosing proper duct size of ventilation, compared with circle shape, rectangular shape is better choice for the limited height of ceiling space.

Technical room

We designed individual techinical room directly for each classroom, where ventilation and heating machines could be put.

Ventilation plan & section

From the section and plan of ventilation system, it is carefully considered the space between main structure and ceiling area, different duct sizes for lecture hall and computer lab can be read from the technical drawings.