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Enertech Citepa

2004

: Philippe Rekacewicz, Allas Enmvironnement du Monde Diplomaliqgue, 2007; Florence Naizot and Patrice Gr6goire, "Les menages acteurs des 6emissions de gaz a effet de serre",Le 4 pages, n'* 115 November-December 2006, lfen.

2004 5.63 (CO,) 120 (C0,) 2 120 (C0,) 152
10% ) ) ( ) 130 11% 15% ) 560 ( )
, ; , . , , : , , (freeganism) . , , , , (CD ) ` , , .www.freegan.info. , ? , , 100
, , , , , , : , , , ? ? : , . , , ( :Www:climateactionprogramme.org ) . , ; , , , , , , , , , , , 101
2005 40 ] 2005 35 30 -1990 2520 | 15 10 5 2007 0 102
: 100 (C0,) 35 : fatknowledge.blogspot,com 3.0 2.5 2,0 ] ( # ] 05 | 00 103
2 CO,) 0 DVD (OECD) C0.) -54 1 ) . | 0.5%% : 2001 1997 ) zt
, , ? : A , , , . ( ) , , , : , A ? ? : ? , , ( , ? ) , . (IEA) 1% , 0.5 15 20 . DVD CD . 5% 10% , , , (IEA) , 1 .WwWWwW. iea.org/textbase/papers/2005/standby_fact.pdf. 105
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? , ? , , , , (AD) , ( 60%) (CO 40%) ( , . , . ( ) , . : , , , , ? ? , DSL DVD ? : 14 , 38 CO:) , (CO2) 14 , 107
C0,) (500) 5 vs. NA 4 vs 3 - vs 2 vs vs vs | vs - ws 0 p vs 4 Vs. DVD wu . AN oovs60Cc vs. sn [LA D vs. ~ vs A VS. ++ - / vs 108

: Nadeschda Scharfenberg, Suddeutsche Zeitung, March 10, 2007 ( Deutsche Energie-Agentur BUND, Bayerisches Umweltministerium, Munchner Verkehrsgesellschatft Volkswagen, Kettler,)

(C02): 38 (CO02), 14 (CO2)
5 6 7 8 Vs __ VS. Vs (CO2) (CO2) Vs. ( : 530 (CO2) 109
1 ) 6 480 110
: ESU 2006 , , , , 100 100 100 111
| , (NGO) , . . , . , , . , 16% GDP, 22 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/ guideline_en.htm, : ( , , , ) ; / , . . , , ) 112
, , 114, , ( ) (CO?) ( 20%, 14%) , : . . , , . , www.energyefficiencyasia.org 5 40 25 , (UNEP) , ( ) ) 113
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@ ) , , , : ( , ) , CUNEP's Climate Neutral Network) 1993 2006 30% , 3.2 , (2000 25 ) 8.5 . 90% : ( 116
) 1100 per cent, 50% (CO;) . , , , , , 5000 , C40 (www.c40cities.org) , , 75% , 80% C40 , (Clinton Climate Initiative) C40 117
, ; ; ; (ICLEI) CCP) ` . 800 , (CCP) (EMS) , ` Or= , , , , . , , , , 118
, (CO?) , ; , , , . . , , , * " , : , : , (UNEP Climate Neutral Network) , (www.sustainability.govt.nz) , (Carbon Neutral Public Sector Initiative) 2012 6 , 34 2007 12 , , , 119
. , . (CO?) (WRI) 1.5% . (CO?) , , . (CIPCC ) (CO;) 2 4 , IPCC 3.5% (COz) (CO?) 10hr25m 9hr45m 11hroom 2hr35 4hr05m 2hr45m 3hr00m 5hr40m 4hr15m 29 109 5 120
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. (CO?) , 2% 3% (CO;), , , . , , : , , , , , (CO;?) 2 , (IMO) 2007 (CO;) 3% (CO?) , 11.2 , (CO?) 4.5%. 90000 90% , 2020 70% , , ( ) 27 , : , , 122
REEEEEEERREEEEEEEREEEEEEEEREEESEE j j RISE 5 1 IE IE 1 EEC IE LEEEIRRIEEEDIDEEEISE 1 IE ESEES ESDDED LEE 1 LE IIREIS IE ? ESE ( ") EEEEB ( ) ( ) : (ENAC) 2008 (2006 ) 123
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A380 , , : ( ) : , ( ) , , , , , 2011 (ETS ) . 2012 2006 (SAS) (CDA), , , , 150 . (SAS) 2000 108000 , (CO?) 50000 (CDA) , : , 2012 3 2020 20% (CO; ) 60 , A380 100 3(CO2) 80 , (CO,) 2 4 ( 120 ) 126
100 ( ) 100 ( ) 105 80 ( 128 ) , , : , , . : ; ; ; ( ) , ( ) , , , , , .? , , . , ( 100 ) 4 ) , 127
, IE AR : , , , . (IPCC) 5-20% . (CO;) . (www.direct.gov.uk/en/Environmentandgreenerliving/Greenertravel/DG_064428): , , ; , , ; , ; 3% ; 110 / 80 / 30% ; , ; : WWW.ecodrive.org; WwWw.greenerdriving.net ( UNEP ); WWW.eco-drive.ch ( ); httP:/raga.oOuvaton.org ( ) WWW.bedoce.com ( ) 128
? , , , , : ( 100 5 ) , . : www.mitfahrgelegenheit:de ( ); www.easycovoiturage.Com ( www:rideabout.com.au( ); wwwrideshare-directory.com ( ) ) ( (CO,) ) C0,) 370] C0,) : 2005 ( ) 129
(Co,) , (CO;) , , , (RFS) 2006 15 , 2012 284 , , , , , . , ( ) ( ) . . 4 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
2007 ( 2006 2006) 21 (REN21) 2006 F.0.Licht 2005 10% ( 5%, 15%) . 40% 10% ( ) , 85% , . , . 5% (B5) 20% (B20) , (B100)
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801] 701NT 50] 1989 2007 40] _ @@ 20 - @ 5 101 e 0 25= 0 SO 252 190 200 250 300 , , 2020 , ` , , 138
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Environment Institute) : 20% , , . 139
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, , , 5 40 , , , , , . 100 , , , , . , ? Storemmen Storsenter 165 (30.58 ) , , , . 11 , , , , Ole Herredsvela . , 10% CO Focus. 175

atmosfair

@ Climate friendly

@ Myclimate (Swiss site)

@ Myclimate (US site)

DO NativeEnergy

CarbonCounter

Carbonfund

The CarbonNeutral Company

@ Climate Care

@ Offsetters

TerraPass

@ Better World Club

Cleanairpass

@ Solar Electric Light Fund

( ) e e, ERT e, CRS
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11, Chemin des Anemones, CH-1219 Chatelaine, / Postboks 183, N-4802 Arendal, Norway

(UNEP) , 20552, ,

(EMG) (MEAs) , . 2001 , CUNEP) EMG www.unemg.org. / (UNEPIGRID-Arendal) , , .www.grida.no

(UNEP) , .www.unep.org

, GRID-Arendal
192

Alex Kirby

Jasmina Bogdanovic

Claudia Heberlein

Otto Simonett

Christina Stuhlberger

Roy Brooke, Hossein Fadaei, Taryn Fransen, Audun Garberg,

Aniket Ghai, Christian Kornevall, Christian Lambrechts, Judith Moore,

Janos Pasztor, David Simpson

Sudhir Sharma, 8

Maryke van Staden ICLEI

Niclas Svenningsen,

Svein Tveitdal, Natasha Ward, Raul Daussa, Remco Fischer, Finance Initiative

Martina Otto, Philip Reuchlin, Jan Burck, Germanwatch e.V, James Dooley, , Per-Anders Enkvist, ,

Mehrdad Farzinpour, , Daniel Kluge, Stefan Micallef, Ina Rudenauer, , Capt. Eivind S. Vagslid,

: . . / :
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:
Emmanuelle Bournay
/ /ZOI
Cecile Marin,
193
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: (CO,) (CH4,) CN2O), (chlorofluorocarbons)

19014000

www.iso.org/iso/home.htm

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)
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ppm , 1ppm0.0001% 2006 , 700 , 1994 , 189 , ( ) 195

ASPO

www.peakoil.net

CAMSAT

www.brdt.org/fx.brdt/scheme/camsat.aspx

ECP

www.iclei.org/index.php?id=800

CCS

http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbon_capture_and_storage

CDM

http:Wunfccc.int/kyoto_protocolMmechanisms/clean_developmeng_mechanims/ items/2718.php

CN Net

www.:climateneutral.unep.org/cnn_frontpage.aspx?m=49

C40 040 Www.c40cities.org

EMAS

http:/ec.europa.eu/enviornment.emas/index_en.htm

GHGs

ICLEI 196

IEA www.iea.org

IPCC www.ipcc.ch

LULUCF http:/Wunfccc.int/methods_and_science/lulucf/items/1084.php

OECD www.oecd.org/home

OSCE Www.osce.org

SMEs UNDP www.undp.org

UNEP www.unep.org

UNFCCC http:Wunfccc.int/2860.php

197

Auffhammer Maximilian and Richard T. Carson; , ,2008

http:/Wberkelyedu/news/media/releases/2008/03/10_chinaco2.shtml

Boyle, Godfrey; ( ), ,2004

Brain, Marshall; ,2006

http://auto.howstuffworks.comyelectriccarhtm

Brower Michael and Warren Leon; ,1999

Godall, Chris; ,Earthscan, 2007

EasyJet ,2006

www.easyjet.comy/en/Environment/carbon_offsetting.html

, 1999

www.resourcesaver.org/file/toolmanager/O16F7812.pdf

; ,2007

http:/eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/com2007_0354en01.pdf

(CS1 013) 2008

http:Wims.eionet.europa.eu

; , 2006

www.fao.org/newsroomy/en/news/2006/1000448

(IPCC)

(CAR4) 2007

www.ipcc.ch (IEA) ; , 2007

www.iea.org/textbase/papers/2006/renewable_factsheet.pdf

198

(IEA) 1 , 2005

www.iea.org/textbase/papers/2005/standby_fact.pdf

King, David and Gabrielle Walker'; : ,2008

KollImuss, Anja and Benjamin Bowell; , , 2006

wwwtufts.eduytie/tci/pdfYTCIL_Carbon_Offsets_Paper_Jan31.pdf

Mallon, Karl; , Earthscan 2006 ; , 2007 10 26

www.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/business/worldbusiness/26cement.html

; ,2007

www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics/coalfacts.cfm

Steffen, Alex; : 21 , 2006 www.worldchanging.com

Stern, Nicolas; : ,2006 www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/3/2/Summary_of_Conclusions.pdf

; ,2008 ; ,2008 3 10

www:timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/more_sport/athletics/article3521537.ece , ( )

www.theclimategroup.org/assets/resources/cdpu_newedition.pdf ; : ,2007

ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1094e/al1094e00.pdf

199

www.unep.org/geo/geo4/media

, 2008

; 2007/2008

http:/hdrundp.org/en ; 12 2008

www-unep.org/wed/2008/englishy/information_Materialfactsheet.asp

, 2000

www.uneptie.org/energy/tools/ghgin/docs/GHG _indicatordoc ; ? 2004

www.uneptie.org/pc/sustain/reports/lcini/UNEPBooktiet.ENGprint.pdf

http://web.worlidbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/VNEWS/0,contentMDK:21722688~pageP K:64257043~PpiPK:437376~theSitePK:4607.00.html

,2007

www.wbcsd.org/DocRoot/kPUZwapTKNBF9UJaG7D/VEEB_Facts_Trends.pdf

http://pdfwriorg/measuring-to-manage.pdf

www.wri.org/publication/navigating-the-numbers#

; __ , (GEO_4) , 2007
;
; , 2008 4 9
; :
,2007
; : ,
2005
200
ie : , , : . , . 9 9 :978-82-7701-064-9

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