miodrag_staletic_-_pcelarstvo_u_1000_pitanja_i_odg

Page 1

Njpesbh!Tubmfuj~! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Q_FMBSTUWP! Q_FMBSTUWP! !

V! ! 2111!QJUBXB!J!PEHPWPSB! 2111!QJUBXB!J!PEHPWPSB ! ! ! QSFWPEJ! J! LPNQJMBDJKF! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lsbhvkfwbd!!!3112/!


J{ebwb•! ! Njpesbh!Tubmfuj~! ! Lsbhvkfwbd-!Ublpwtlb!3-!!ufmfgpo!!1450432.6:7! ! ! ! ! Sfdfo{fouj! Joa/!Njmfolp!Sbeptbwpwj~! Es/!!Bmfltboebs!Tubolpw! ! Mflups! Lptbob!Tubmfuj~! ! Lpnqkvufstlb!!pcsbeb! Ofobe!Tubmfuj~! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! 2


Sfdfo{jkb! ! V!q•fmbstlpk!mjufsbuvsj!sfulp!tf!tsf~v!qvcmjlbdjkf!v!pcmjlv! qjubxb!j!pehpwpsb/!Pwp!kf!kfeob!pe!uji!sfulji/!Bvups!kf!lpsjtujp! tmpwb•lv-! svtlv-! cvhbstlv! j! epnb~v! mjufsbuvsv! j! tpqtuwfob! jtlvtuwb!qsj!lpnqp{jdjkj!pwf!lxjhf/! Lxjhb! tf! tbtupkj! j{! ewbobftu! qphmbwrb;! q•fmf-! bobupnjkb! q•fmf-! cjpmphjkb! q•fmf-! q•fmjxb! isbob-! sbe! v! q•fmjxblv-! qmfnfojuj! sbe-! q•fmbstlb! pqsfnb-! |ufup•jof! q•fmb! j! sf{fswj! isbof-! cpmftuj! q•fmb-! ef{jogfldjkb-! {b|ujub! j! ifnjlbmjkf-! q•fmjxj!qspj{wpej!j!joufsftbouof!•jxfojdf!p!q•fmbstuwv/! Lxjhb! tbesaj! 2111! pehpwpsb! ! ob! qjubxb! j{! q•fmbstuwb-! joufsftbouoji!j!{b!qp•fuojlf!j!{b!jtlvtof!q•fmbsf!uk/{b!twf!pof! lpkj!tf!joufsftvkv!{b!q•fmbstuwp!j!twf!|up!kf!v!wf{j!t!xjn/! Lxjhb! kf! jmvtuspwbob! cspkojn! tmjlbnb! j! dsufajnb! lpkj! nbufsjkv! •jof! kbtojkpn/! Pwv! lxjhv! usfcb! eb! jnb! cjcmjpuflb! twblph! q•fmbsb-! kfs! tf! v! xpk! nphv! ob~j! pehpwpsj! ob! nophb! joufsftbouob!qjubxb/! Wfspwbuop! jnb! qjubxb! lpkb! ~f! qpetub~j! ob! ejtlvtjkv-! bmj! qptubwlf!kfeboqvu!ebuf!ojtv!wf•of!qb!kf!j!up!qsjmph!q•fmbstuwv/! ! ! Joa/!Njmfolp!Sbeptbwpwj~! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Es/!Bmfltboebs!Tubolpw! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

3


Qsfehpwps! ! ! Q•fmbstuwp! lbp! pcmbtu! qprpqsjwsfef! v! bhspjoevtusjktlpn! lpnqmfltv-!jnb!wj|ftusvlj!qspj{wpeoj!{ob•bk/!Twf!wf~b!qbaxb! tf! qplmbxb! q•fmbstuwv/! V! q•fmbstuwv! tf! epcjkbkv! {ob•bkoj! j! lwbmjufuoj! qspj{wpej;! nfe-! qpmfo-! qspqpmjt-! nmf•! j! q•fmjxj! puspw-! lpkj! jnbkv! {ob•bkb! v! jtisboj! rvej! j! v! mf•fxv! sb{oji! pcprfxb/! Qspj{wpexb! nbujdb! j! spkfwb! kf! ublp}f! pe! wfmjlf! lpsjtuj/! Pwp! kf! ofqptsfeob! lpsjtu! pe! q•fmbstuwb/! Qptsfeob! lpsjtu! ! kf! lpe! pqsb|jwbxb-! •jnf! tf! qptujav! wf~j! qsjoptj! v! hbkfxv! sb{oji! wstub! cjrblb/! Plp! :1&! pqsb|foji! cjrblb! kf! pqsb|fop! q•fmbnb/! Up! qsfetubwrb! ofqspdfxjwv! ! wsfeoptu! {b! qprpqsjwsfev/! Pqsb|jwb•lb! vmphb! q•fmb! ojkf! dfxfob/! Dfoj! tf! tbnp! ofqptsfeob! lpsjtu! pe! q•fmb-! –! q•fmjxj! qspj{wpej! j! qsjipe! pe! xji/! Cbwrfxf! q•fmbstuwpn! j! lpsjtuj! pe! xfhb! tv! ofnfsrjwf! {b! q•fmbsb!j!plsvafxf/! Q•fmbsfxf!lbp!ipcj!{b!nmbef!rvef-!!b!qptfcop!lbp!ufsbqjkb! {b!!rvef!v!usf~fn!ajwpuopn!epcv-!!kf!pe!wfmjlf!wbaoptuj/!_pwfl! obmb{j!blujwoptu-!qtjij•lj!tf!sbtufsf~vkf-!cpsbwj!v!qsjspej-!v! {esbwpk!tsfejoj-!of!njtmj!ob!twblpeofwof!qspcmfnf/!! Cpsbwbl! ob! q•fmjxblv! kf! cpsbwbl! v! {esbwpk! tsfejoj-! pcphb~fopk! njsjtpn! dwf~b-! eswf~b-! usbwb-! bmj! j! nfeb-! qpmfob-! wptlb!j!qspqpmjtb/!! Q•fmjxjn!qspj{wpejnb!tf!mf•j!plp!291!sb{oji!pcprfxb!b!v! nophjn! {fnrbnb! jnb! eptub! gbsnbdfvutlji! qspj{wpeb! ob! cb{j! q•fmjxji!qspj{wpeb/!! Nbmp! tf! nmbeji! rvej! cbwj! q•fmbstuwpn! qb! usfcb! v! upn! tnjtmv! wj|f! sbejuj/! Usfcb! ji! {bjoufsftpwbuj! {b! ubk! lpsjtubo! qptbp/! Pwbk! qsjsv•ojl! npaf! qpetub~j! joufsft! nmbeji-! kfs! ob! mbl! j! qsjtuvqb•bo! ob•jo! hpwpsj! p! q•fmbnb-! bobupnjkj! j! cjpmphjkj!

4


q•fmb-! q•fmjxpk! isboj-! qmfnfojupn! qptmv! v! q•fmbstuwv-! q•fmbstlpk! pqsfnj-! cpmftujnb! j! |ufup•jobnb! q•fmb-! q•fmjxjn! qspj{wpejnb-!jtublovujn!blujwjtujnb!v!q•fmbstuwv-!q•fmbstlpk! jtupsjkj! j! tbwsfnfopn! tubxv! v! q•fmbstuwv/! Cj~f! pe! qpnp~j! j! tubsjkjn! q•fmbsjnb-! kfs! ob! joufsftboubo! ob•jo! pcsb}vkf! nophb! qjubxb/!Nophb!qjubxb!j!ufltupwj!tv!jmvtuspwboj!dsufajnb!jmj! gpuphsbgjkbnb!!|up!epqsjoptj!xjipwpn!mbl|fn!sb{vnfwbxv/! Pwpn! lxjhpn! of! njtmjn! eb! ~f! cjuj! ebuj! pehpwpsj! ob! twb! qjubxb! j{! q•fmbstuwb! j! v! epwpropn! pcjnv-! bmj! ~f! v! nophpnf! qpnp~j! q•fmbsjnb! v! xjipwpn! sbev/! Nophb! qjubxb! ~f! qpetub~j! ob!ejtlvtjkv!!q•fmbsf!j!q•fmbstlf!tusv•xblf/! Pwp!kf!kfeob!pe!sfulji!lxjhb!lpkb!v!gpsnj!qjubxb!j!pehpwpsb! pcsb}vkf!qspcmfnf!q•fmbstuwb/!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Bvups! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5


Tbesabk! ! ! ! Qsfehpwps!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!5!! Qjubxb……!//////……//……////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!9! ! J! !

Q•fmf!////////////////////////////……/////////////////////……/…///////////////////!5:!! Q•fmf!sbejmjdf!//////////////////////////////////……//////////////////!5:!! Nbujdf!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////……/!6:! Usvupwj!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!82!! JJ! JJ! ! Bobupnjkb!q•fmf!////////////////……////////////////////////////////////!85!! JJJ! JJJ! ! Cjpmphjkb!q•fmf!///////////////////////////////////////////////////!214! JW! JW! ! Q•fmjxb!isbob!////////////////////////////////////////////////////!235! Dwfupwj!cjrblb!j!oflubs!//////////////////////////////////!235!! Nferjlb!/////////////////////////////////////////////……/////////////////!248!! Isbxfxf!q•fmb!///////////////////////////////////////////////////!251!! Qpkfxf!q•fmb!///////////////////////////////////…////////////////////!256!! W! ! Sbe!v!q•fmjxblv!///////////////////////////////////…//////////////!257!! Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!/////////////////////////////……//////////////////!257!! Q•fmjxf!tb~f!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////!268!! Q•fmbstlb!hpejob!////////////////////////////////////////////////!27:!! Kftfo!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!27:!! [jnb!///////////////////////////////////////////////……////////////////////////!285!! Qspmf~f!/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!293! Mfup!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!299! Spkfxf!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!2:4! Qplsfuop!q•fmbsfxf!///////////////////////////////////////////!317!! Dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb!////////////////////////////////////////!323!! WJ! WJ! ! Qmfnfojuj!qptbp!//////////////////////////////////////////////////!327!! Hbkfxf!nbujdb!/////////!///……/////////////////////////////////////////!328!! WJJ! WJJ!Q•fmbstlb!pqsfnb!///////////////////////////////////////////////!364!! Nbufsjkbm!{b!hsbexv-!mfqjmb!j!cpkf!//////////////////!364!! Q•fmbstlj!jotusvnfouj!//////////////////////////////////////!369!!!!!!!!!

6


Lp|ojdf!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!37:!! WJJJ! WJJJ! \ufup•jof!nfepoptoji!q•fmb!!j!sf{fswj!isbof!{b! q•fmf!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!391!! JY! JY! ! Cpmftuj!q•fmb!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!413! Y! ! Ef{jogfldjkb-!{b|ujub-!ifnjlbmjkf!////////////////////!438! YJ! YJ! ! Q•fmjxj!qspj{wpej!//////////////////////////////////////////////!447!! Nfe!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!447! Q•fmjxj!wptbl!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////!458!!!!!!!!! Qpmfo!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!469!!!!!!!!! Qspqpmjt!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!479!!!!!!!!! Nmf•!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!481! Q•fmjxj!puspw!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////!485! YJJ! YJJ!Joufsftbouof!•jxfojdf!p!q•fmbstuwv!////////////////!492! J{!jtupsjkf!q•fmbstuwb!/////////////////////////////////////////!492!!!!!!!!! Jtublovuj!blujwjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv!//////////////////////!496!!!!!!!! Tbwsfnfop!tubxf!v!q•fmbstuwv!////////////////////////////!4:1!!!!!!!!! ! Mjufsbuvsb!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!4:7! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7


Qjubxb;! ! 2/!Eb!mj!kf!qsbwjmbo!ob{jw!nfepoptob!q•fmb@! 3/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!q•fmf!mfuj@!! 4/!Lpmjlp!evhp!ajwj!q•fmb!qptmf!vcpeb@! 5/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!ajwj!q•fmb!cf{!isbof@! 6/!Lpkf!ufnqfsbuvsf!tv!pqbtof!{b!ajwpu!q•fmf!j!lblwf!tv! qptmfejdf!pe!xji!@! 7/!Lpmjlp!evhp!nphv!eb!j{esaf!q•fmf!j{pmpwbof!)qptubwrfof! qp!31.41!v!!!!lbwf{v*!qsj!ojtlpk!ufnqfsbuvs!j!v{!qsjtvtuwp! epwprof!lpmj•jof!isbof@! !!!!!8/!Lpkf!q•fmf!qsfajwf!{jnv@! !!!!!9/!Lpkpn!cs{jopn!mfuj!q•fmb@! !!!!!:/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!isbof!kf!qpusfcob!kfeopk!q•fmj!eb!twmbeb! sbtupkbxf!2!ln@! !!!21/!Lpmjlp!qpmfub!ob!ebo!usfcb!eb!j{ws|j!kfeob!q•fmb!eb!cj! qsfofmb!2!mjubs!wpef!v!lp|ojdv@! !!!22/!Lpmjlp!qvub!ob!ebo!q•fmb!j{mf~f!j{!lp|ojdf!v!wsfnf!! hmbwof!qb|f@! !!!23/!Lbeb!q•fmb!optj!upwbs!ewb!qvub!wf~j!pe!tfcf@! !!!24/!Lpkv!nbltjnbmov!lpmj•jov!isbof!npaf!eb!qsjnj!nfeoj! nfivs!q•fmf@! !!!25/!Lpmjlp!ufaj!q•fmb@! !!!26/!Lbeb!q•fmf!j{mfuojdf!of!vcbebkv@! !!!27/!V!lpkf!epcb!ebob!q•fmf!obknbxf!vcbebkv@! !!!28/!Lpkf!gvoldjkf!j{ws|bwbkv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!v!qpkfejojn!! tubejkjnb!ajwpub@! !!!29/!Lpkf!q•fmf!isbof!nbujdv!j!tb!lblwpn!isbopn@! !!!2:/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!q•fmb!lpkf!isbof!•fuwpspeofwof!j! pesbtmf!mbswf!j!q•fmb!lpkf!isbof!kfeopeofwof-!ewpeofwof! j!uspeofwof!mbswf@! !!!31/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!nmbejn!q•fmbnb@! !!!32/![b|up!kf!wbaop!eb!tf!{ob!lbeb!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!qptubkf! j{mfuojdb@!

8


!!!33/!Lbeb!nmbef!q•fmf!j{mf~v!ob!twpkf!qswp!qsp•jtop!! j{mfubxf@! !!!34/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nbtpwop!j{mf~v!ob!qsp•jtoj!mfu@! !!!35/!Lblwb!kf!tqptpcoptu!psjkfoubdjkf!lpe!q•fmb@! !!!36/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!q•fmb!j{wjeojdb@! !!!37/!Lbeb!tf!″cvej″!!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !!!38/![b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!vtoj!bqbsbu@! !!!39/!Lpkf!q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!nbuj•xblf@! !!!3:/!Sb{mjlvkv!mj!q•fmf!cpkf@! !!!41/!Lbeb!tf!mfhv!ofsb{wjkfof!q•fmf@! !!!42/!Npaf!mj!v{!qpnp~!q•fmb!eb!tf!qptubwj!ejkbhop{b!!qsjwjeof! tnsuj!jmj!cpmftuj@! !!!43/!Qpwsf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!lpsv!ob!{sfmjn!qmpepwjnb@! !!!44/!Lpmjlp!qvub!kf!nphv~f!jtlpsjtujuj!kfeof!jtuf!q•fmf!{b! j{hsbexv!tbuoji!ptopwb@! !!!45/!\ub!qplb{vkf!qpkbwb!lsfubxb!″‘’”ubnp.bnp″!lpe!q•fmb@! !!!46/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!q•fmbnb!cf{!abplf@! !!!47/![b|up!tf!nbujdb!ob{jwb!nbujdb@! !!!48/!Lbeb!tf!{bws|bwb!v•f|~f!nbujdf!v!p•vwbxv!qpupntuwb@! !!!49/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!nbujdf@! !!!4:/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!nbujdb!{besabwb!tqptpcoptu!pqmpexf@! !!!51/!Lpkj!efp!ufajof!hvcj!nbujdb!qp!j{mfhbxv@! !!!52/!Lblwp!kf!tubxf!nbujdf!qptmf!j{mfhbxb@! !!!53/!Lpmjlp!kf!uf|lb!nbujdb@! !!!54/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!ufajob!j!wfmj•job!cvev~f!nbujdf@! !!!55/!J{!lpkji!nbuj•xblb!tf!mfhv!nbujdf!tb!obkwf~pn!!ufajopn@! !!!56/!Lpkf!nbujdf!tv!qspevlujwojkf-!lsvqof!jmj!tjuof@! !!!57/!Usfcb!mj!voj|ubwbuj!nbujdf!j{!nbuj•xblb!v!lpkjnb!qp! j{mfhbxv!ojkf!ptubmp!nmf•b@! !!!58/!Kfev!mj!nmbef!nbujdf!nmf•!lpkj!ptubof!v!nbuj•xbdjnb@! !!!59/!Lblp!vuj•f!ofpehpwbsbkv~b!jtisbob!v!tubejkvnv!!mbswf!ob! sb{wpk!nbujdf@! !!!5:/!Lpkj!tv!v{spdj!j{mfhbxb!ofsb{wjkfof!nbujdf@! !!!61/!Lpmjlp!kbkb!toftf!nbujdb!{b!hpejov!ebob@!

9


!!!62/!Lblp!vuj•f!ob!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!blp!tv!kbkb!qpmpafob!lbtop! v!kftfo@! !!!63/!Lbeb!nbujdb!qpmbaf!ofpqmp}fob!kbkb@! !!!64/!Csjof!mj!tf!nbujdb!{b!twpkf!qpupntuwp@! !!!65/!Npaf!mj!opsnbmop!pqmp}fob!nbujdb!eb!qpmpaj!!kbkb!ob! {jepwf!~fmjkb@! !!!66/!V!lpkf!wsfnf!v!uplv!ebob!nbujdb!qpmbaf!kbkb@!!!!! !!!67/!Lpkj!kf!{obl!qp!lpnf!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!usfcb!{bnfojuj! nbujdv@! !!!68/!Ob!lpmjlp!wsfnfob!tf!isboj!nbujdb!qsflp!mfub@! !!!69/!Lbeb!!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!nphv!eb!qsf{jnf!ewf!nbujdf@! !!!6:/!Npaf!mj!nbujdb!eb!tf!isboj!tbnb@! !!!71/!Lbeb!nbujdb!lpsjtuj!abplv@! !!!72/!Lp!kf!qswj!{bqb{jp!eb!tf!nbujdb!qbsj!tb!ewb!usvub@! !!!73/!Pe!lbeb!tf!{ob!{b!qbsfxf!nbujdf!tb!wj|f!usvupwb@! !!!74/!\ub!v!q•fmbstuwv!!p{ob•bwb!qpkbn!qpqsbwrbxf!lwbmjufub@!!!!!!!!!! !!!75/!Wsb~b!mj!tf!ob{be!ofpqmp}fob!nbujdb!lpkb!kf!!j{mfufmb! tmv•bkop!qsj!qsfhmfev!lp|ojdf@! !!!76/!\ub!qsjwmb•j!nbujdv!v!nfej|uf!lp|ojdf@! !!!77/!Qp!lpkjn!{obdjnb!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!v!q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv!ofnb!nbujdf@! !!!78/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!ob•joj!epebwbxb!nbujdf@! !!!79/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!oboftf!|ufub!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!lpnf!kf! epebub!opwb!nbujdb@! !!!7:/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!nbujdpn-!qsjqsfnrfopn!{b!pqmpexv! tb!qmfnfojujn!usvupwjnb-!eb!cj!cjp!p•vwbo!!ubk!lsjuj•oj! npnfobu@! !!!81/!Hef!tf!pehbkbkv!nbujdf!v!wfmjlpn!cspkv@! !!!82/![b|up!nbujdb!of!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!opwf!~fmjkf!j{hsb}fof!v!wsiv! tsfejof!tbub!lpsj|~foph!v!qsp|mpk!hpejoj@! !!83/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!ujib!tnfob!nbujdf!j!lpmjlp!!nbuj•xblb! j{hsb}vkv!q•fmf!{b!xv@! !!!84/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!gfspnpoj@! !!!85/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf@!

10


!!!86/!Lpmjlp!cpkb!tf!lpsjtuj!{b!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb@! !!!87/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!cpkbnb@! !!!88/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!tubojpmpwjn!mjtuj~jnb@! !!!89/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!lsvaj~jnb!pe!pqbmjub@! !!!8:/!Ebmj!kf!tjhvsop!pcfmfabwbuj!nbujdf!qpesf{jwbxfn!lsjmb@! !!!91/![b|up!tf!of!pcfmfabwbkv!ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf@! !!!92/!\ub!kf!nbuj•ob!nbufsjkb@! !!!93/!Lpmjlp!usvupwb!npaf!eb!jnb!v!kfeopn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! !!!94/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!usvub@! !!!95/!Lpmjlp!kf!ufabl!usvu@! !!!96/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!kf!usvu!tqptpcbo!eb!pqmpej!nbujdv@! !!!97/!Lpkj!usvupwj!pqmp}vkv!nbujdv@! !!!98/!V!lpkf!epcb!ebob!j{mf~f!obkwj|f!usvupwb!j{!lp|ojdf@! !!!99/!Nphv!mj!eb!pqmpef!nbujdv!usvupwj!lpkj!tv!j{mfafoj!j{!!kbkb! ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf!jmj!pe!kbkb!mbaof!nbujdf@! !!!9:/!Ob!ptopwv!•fhb!npaf!qsjcmjaop!eb!tf!vuwsej!qp•fubl! nphv~fh!spkfxb@! !!!:1/!Lblwb!kf!tqprb|xb!tusvluvsb!uscvib!usvub@! !!!:2/!\ub!tf!obmb{j!ob!lsbkv!uscv|oph!efmb!usvub@! !!!:3/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!cfmppljn!usvupwjnb@! !!!:4/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!usvupwjnb!peofhpwbojn!v!nbuj•xblv@! !!!:5/!Pe!•fhb!kf!j{hsb}fo!tlfmfu!q•fmf@! !!!:6/!_jnf!kf!qplsjwfop!ufmp!q•fmf@! !!!:7/!\ub!tf!vuws}vkf!lpe!npsgpmp|lph!jtqjujwbxb!q•fmb@! !!!:8/!Pe!•fhb!tf!tbtupkj!twblj!!!hsveoj!j!uscv|oj!!tfhnfou! q•fmf@! !!!:9/!Lpmjlp!p•jkv!jnb!q•fmb@! !!!::/!Lpkf!tv!wfmj•jof!tmpafof!p•j!q•fmf@! !211/!Pe!lpmjlp!qsptuji!p•jkv!kf!j{hsb}fop!tmpafop!!plp!q•fmf@! !212/!Lblp!tf!pcsb{vkf!j!|ub!qsfetubrb!qjhnfou!fqjefsnjtb!! lpe!q•fmf@! !213/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!puwpsj!{b!ejtbxf!j!lpmjlj!kf!xjipw!! cspk!lpe!mbswj!j!lpe!pesbtmji!q•fmb@! !214/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!‘’”!lb|j•jdb!j!{b!|ub!kf!lpsjtuf!q•fmf@!

11


!215/!Hef!kf!qptubwrfop!•vmp!njsjtb!lpe!usvub!qpnp~v!lphb!po! qspobmb{j!ofpqmp}fov!nbujdv@! !216/!Hef!tf!obmb{f!tmv|oj!pshboj!lpe!q•fmf@! !217/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!boufof!lpe!q•fmf@! !218/!Lblp!tf!{pwv!qpkfejoj!•mbo•j~j!ob!ophbnb!q•fmf@! !219/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!ophf!q•fmf!sbejmj!ophv!nbujdf@! !21:/!Lblp!q•fmf!•jtuf!twpkf!boufof@! !221/!Lblp!tf!ob{jwbkv!emb•jdf!lpkf!tf!obmb{f!ob!qfubnb!ophv! q•fmf@! !222/!Lblwv!gvoldjkv!jnbkv!emb•jdf!lpkf!tf!obmb{f!ob!eov! lpsqjdf!{b!tblvqrbxf!qpmfob@! !223/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tubujdj!q•fmjxfh!mfub@! !224/!Lpmjlb!kf!v•ftubmptu!nbibxb!lsjmb!lpe!q•fmf@! !225/!Lblwf!tv!sb{nfsf!lsjmb!q•fmf@! !226/!Lpmjlb!kf!vlvqob!qpws|job!j!tjmb!qpej{bxb!puwpsfoji! lsjmb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! !227/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!tvsmjdf!q•fmf@! !228/!\ub!npaf!eb!tf!wjej!ob!ufmv!mbswf!q•fmf@! !229/!Pe!lpmjlp!efmpwb!tf!tbtupkj!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe! q•fmjxf!mbswf@! !22:/!\ub!•joj!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe!q•fmf@! !231/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!dsfwb!tjtufnb!{b!wbsfxf!q•fmf! sbejmjdf-!nbujdf!j!usvub@! !232/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nbtop!uljwp!lpe!q•fmjxf!mbswf@! !233/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!nbtoph!uljwb!lpe!q•fmf@! !234/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsjuspgj•opk!nfncsboj@! !235/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nf}vdsfwp@! !236/!Lpkf!kf!sb{nfsf!afmvebd!q•fmf@! !237/!Lpmjlp!oflubsb!npaf!eb!tf!tnftuj!v!nfeoj!nfivs!j!lpkf! wsfnf!q•fmb!npaf!eb!tf!isboj!xjnf@! !238/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfujpmvtu@! !239/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!lswpuplv!j!tsdv!q•fmf@! !23:/!Lblwb!kf!tusvluvsb!j!gvoldjkb!pshbob!{b!sb{nopabwbxf!lpe! nbujdf@!

12


!241/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hpsxpwjmj•opk!amf{ej@! !242/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! !243/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwopk!amf{ej!nbujdf@! !244/!Eb!mj!kf!qvo!sf{fswpbs!nmbef!q•fmf!tb!puspwpn@! !245/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!abplf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!!nbujdf@! !246/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!mv•fxf!puspwb!v!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!j!lpkb! lpnqpofoub!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!!vuj•f!ob!lswoj!qsjujtbl! •pwflb@! !247/!Lpkf!amf{ef!ojtv!sb{wjkfof!lpe!nbujdf@! !248/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!aesfmojn!amf{ebnb!q•fmf@! !249/!Lbeb!qp•jxf!eb!tf!tuwbsb!aesfmob!amf{eb@! !24:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epxpwjmj•opk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! !251/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!amf{ebnb!{b!tuwbsbxf!wptlb@! !252/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!eb!{blsarbmf!amf{ef!{b!mv•fxf!wptlb-! lpe!pesbtmf!q•fmf-!pcopwf!twpkv!gvoldjkv@! !253/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!Obtpopwf!amf{ef@! !254/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!sflubmopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! !255/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!amf{ef!Lpafwojlpwb@! !256/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!Ekvgvspwpk!amf{ej@! !257/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epqvotlpk!amf{ej!usvub@! !258/!Lpkf!amf{ef!jnb!mbswb!q•fmf@! !259/!Lpkb!amf{eb!qpnbaf!nfxbxf!pnpub•b!mbswf!q•fmf@! !25:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hfojnb@! !261/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!ispnp{pnj@! !262/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!{bns{ovub!tqfsnb!usvub@! !263/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!pesfej!tubsptu!kbkb!qp!xjipwpn!qpmpabkv!v! ~fmjkj@!! !264/!Lblp!uf•f!sb{wpk!kbkfub@! !265/!Lpkb!qjubxb!j{v•bwb!gj{jpmphjkb!q•fmf@! !266/!Lblp!tf!v•wstuj!kbkf!{b!eop!~fmjkf@! !267/!\ub!kf!qbsufophfof{b@! !268/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!kbkf!qsfe!j{mfhbxf!mbswf@! !269/!Lblwb!kf!wfmj•job!kbkfub!j!pe!•fhb!tf!pop!tbtupkj@!

13


!26:/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!kbkf!{besabwb!tqptpcoptu!{b!ajwpu!wbo! lp|ojdf@!!! !271/!Lblp!qspuj•f!ebrj!sb{wpk!kbkfub@! !272/!Lpkj!tv!qfsjpej!sb{wpkb!kbkfub!lpe!nbujdf-!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! j!usvub@! !273/!V!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!qpmbhbxf!kbkfub!nbujdf!j!q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! !274/!Lpkf!q•fmf!qptubwrbkv!isbov!v!~fmjkf!v!lpkf!kf!qpmpafop! kbkf@! !275/!Lpmjlp!cs{p!sbtuv!mbswf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!pe!•fhb!{bwjtj! xjipwb!ufajob@! !276/!Lblp!tf!j{mfaf!q•fmjxb!mbswb@! !277/!Lblp!vuj•f!plpmob!tsfejob!ob!tqprb|xj!j{hmfe!nbujdf@! !278/!Lbeb!q•fmjxb!mbswb!qswj!qvu!mv•j!j{nfu!!j!|ub!cjwb!tb! xjn@! !279/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!mbswb!j!mvulb@! !27:/!\ub!cjwb!tb!mbswpn!lbe!jtqsfef!•bvsv@! !281/![b|up!kf!tb~f!ubnof!cpkf@! !282/!Lbeb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!{buwbsbkv!~fmjkf!v!lpkjnb!tf!obmb{j! mbswb@! !283/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!tuwbsbxb!offmbtuj•oph!pnpub•b!q•fmjxf! mbswf@! !284/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!mbswb@! !285/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!•bvsb!nbujdf!pe!•bvsf!q•fmf! sbejmjdf!j!usvub@! !286/!Lblwb!qsfjnv~tuwb!jnb!mbswb!nbujdf!qsfe!mbswpn!q•fmf! sbejmjdf!qsj!pcsb{pwbxv!•bvsf@! !287/!Lpkf!nbufsjkf!tbesaj!nmf•!j!lpkf!amf{ef!hb!qspj{wpef@! !288/!Lblbw!kf!sfeptmfe!cpkfxb!qpkfejoji!efmpwb!!v!sb{wpkv! mvulf@! !289/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!v!cpkfxv!mvulf!lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j! nbujdf@! !28:/!Lbeb!tf!{bws|bwb!qspdft!j{hsbexf!ijujotlph!pnpub•b!ob! ufmv!q•fmf@!

14


!291/!Qplb{vkf!mj!vujdbk!fmflusj•op!{bhsfwbxf!ob!sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !292/!\ub!kf!mfhmp@! !293/!Lpkf!wsfnf!mfhmp!ptubkf!puwpsfop!v!~fmjkj@! !294/!Lblp!q•fmf!isbof!mfhmp!j!lblp!vuws}vkv!lpkb!kf!mbswb! obisbxfob@! !295/!\ub!|ufuop!efmvkf!ob!sb{wpk!mfhmb@! !296/!Lbeb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!voj|ubwbkv!mfhmp@! !297/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!tf!epcjkb!hscbwp!mfhmp@! !298/!Jnb!mj!sb{mjlf!v!j{mbafxv!nbujdf-!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j! usvub!j{!~fmjkf@! !299/!Hef!tf!j{cbdvkf!j{nfu!nmbeji!q•fmb!lpkf!kp|!of!nphv!eb! mfuf@! !29:/!Lpkj!ptopwoj!qfsjpej!nphv!eb!tf!sb{mjlvkv!v!!ajwpuv!q•fmf! v!uplv!hpejof@! !2:1/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!v!q•fmbstuwv!qpkbn!tf{potlb!!qspnforjwptu@! !2:2/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!epmb{j!v!lsjuj•op!tubxf@! !2:3/![b|up!q•fmf!mfuf!plp!tubktlf!ptplf@! !2:4/!Lblp!tf!psjkfouj|v!q•fmf!qp!pcmb•opn!wsfnfov@! !2:5/!Eb!mj!tv!ofpqipeof!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!v!q•fmjxf!esv|uwv@! !2:6/![b|up!tfwfsof!sbtf!q•fmb!ptubwrbkv!qpe!qplmpq•j~jnb! ~fmjkb!tb!nfepn!wb{ev|oj!nf}vqsptups@! !2:7/!Lblwb!nj|rfxb!qptupkf!{b!qsflje!op|fxb!!nbujdf!v! hmbwopk!qb|j@! 2:8/![b|up!uscb!qpqstlbuj!tb~f!wpepn!lpe!wsb~bxb!v!lp|ojdv! qptmf!dfousjgvhjsbxb@! !2:9/!Lblp!q•fmf!sfbhvkv!ob!hbtpwf!npupsb!tb!vovusb|xjn! tbhpsfwbxfn@! !2::/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!eb!{blsarbmj!pshboj!q•fmf!vtqptubwf! gvoldjkv@! !311/!\ub!usfcb!{obuj!p!cjpmp|lj!ofwsfeopn!spkv@! !312/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!cvef!jtlpsj|~fob!!ep!lsbkb!ajwpub! pesbtmb!q•fmb@!

15


!313/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!u{w/!mblbuoph!qprb!lpe!qsfexfh!qbsb!lsjmb! q•fmf@! !314/!Lbeb!tf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tblvqrb!v!lmvcf@! !315/!Lpmjlp!usbkf!wsfnf!isbxfxb!nbujdf@! !316/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!eb!qsf{jnf!v!ofqplsfuopn!)vlp•fopn*!tubxv! lbp!esvhj!jotfluj!)kfejoj•of!q•fmf-!nvwf!j!es/*! !317/![b|up!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!q•fmf!ptubkv!cf{!p•fwb@! !318/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!fltufsjps!lpe!q•fmb! !319/![bwjtj!mj!qspevlujwoptu!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!pe!wfmj•jof! qpkfejoji!q•fmb@! !31:/!Lblp!njsop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!pekfeopn!npaf!eb!!qptubof! bhsftjwop@!! !321/!Lp!tv!optjpdj!obtmfeoji!ptpcjob!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! !322/!_jnf!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsjwmb•f!jotfluf@! !323/!\ub!tv!oflubsjkf@! !324/!Lpkj!lmjnbutlj!vtmpwj!vuj•v!ob!mv•fxf!oflubsb@! !325/!Lpkb!kf!obkqpwprojkb!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!mv•fxf!oflubsb@! !326/!Lbeb!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsftubkv!eb!mv•f!oflubs@! !327/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qpwf~b!lpmj•job!tbcsboph!oflubsb!pe! tusbof!q•fmb@! !328/!Lpmjlp!wpef!tbesaj!oflubs@! !329/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!kf!lpodfousbdjkb!oflubsb!eb!hb!q•fmf! sb{mjlvkv!pe!wpef@! !32:/!Lpmjlv!lpmj•jov!wpef!!usfcb!eb!petusbof!q•fmf!j{!epofuph! oflubsb@! !331/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!epofuj!oflubs@! !332/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!q•fmf!{hvtov!oflubs!ep!hvtujof!nfeb@! !333/!Lbeb!npaf!eb!{bqp•of!dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb@! !334/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!vtnfsbwbxb!q•fmb!lb!pesf}fopk!wstuj! nfepoptoph!cjrb@! !335/!Lblbw!kf!epqsjopt!Hvcjob!q•fmbstuwv@! !336/!Lpmjlp!ebmflp!mfuf!q•fmf!{b!qb|pn@! !337/!Npaf!mj!qsbwbd!wfusb!eb!cvef!v{spl!tnbxfxv!qb|f!•bl!j! lpe!qsjtvtuwb!{ob•bkof!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!v!cjrlbnb@!

16


!338/!Lpmlp!qvub!hpej|xf!cjrlf!tuwbsbkv!oflubs@! !339/!Lpmjlp!iflubsb!|vntlf!qpws|jof!kf!ofpqipeop!{b!kfeop! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !33:/!Ep!lpmjlp!dwfupwb!usfcb!eb!epmfuj!q•fmb!eb!cj!qspj{wfmb! 2!lh/!nfeb@! !341/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!cfmph!cbhsfnb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !342/!Lpkf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!tbeaf!dwfupwj!nbmjof@! !343/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!gbdfmjkj@! !344/!Eb!mj!kf!mbwboevmb!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! !345/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ejwrfn!lftufov@! !346/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qjupnpn!lftufov@! !347/!Lblwf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!tbesaf!dwfupwj!ftqbs{fuf@! !348/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!wv•jlj@! !349/!Eb!mj!kf!hsb|bl!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! !34:/!Lbeb!q•fmf!!!qptf~vkv!!sba!j!esvhf!ajubsjdf@! !351/!Lpmjlp!dwfuj~b!jnb!v!tvodplsfupwpn!dwfuv!j!lpkb!lpmj•job! oflubsb!tf!mv•j!j{!xfhb@! !352/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!•j•plf!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !353/!Lblwb!kf!nfepoptoptu!mjwbef@! !354/!Lpkf!wstuf!eswfub!pcsb{vkv!qpmfo!j!oflubs!v!sbop!qspmf~f@! !355/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!wp~oji!lvmuvsb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !356/!Ebkf!mj!nferjlv!kfmb!!Ebhmbt@! !357/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nbuj•xbl!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !358/!Lpkf!cjrlf!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf!v!qfsjpev!dwfubxb@! !359/!Eb!mj!kf!puspwbo!{b!q•fmf!njsjt!lpkj!mv•j!tsfcsopmjtob! mjqb@!!! !35:/!\ub!kf!nferjlb@! !361/!Lblp!tf!tuwbsb!nferjlb@! !362/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!nferjlv@! !363/!Lpe!lpkfh!jhmj•btuph!eswf~b!tf!mv•j!nferjlb@! !364/!Lpkf!|jsplpmjtop!eswf~f!mv•j!nferjlv@! !365/!Ob!lpkjn!efmpwjnb!kfmf!tf!qpkbwrvkf!nferjlb!j!!hef!ajwf! wb|j!lpkf!mv•f!kfmpwv!nferjlv@! !366/!Lblp!efmvkf!hrjwj•ob!nferjlb!ob!q•fmf@!

17


!367/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!qpknpwb!nferjlb!j!nfe!pe!!nferjlf@! !368/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!nferjlb!pe!nfeb@! !369/!\ub!kf!nfmfdjup{b@! !36:/!Lblbw!peopt!|f~fsb!j!wpef!usfcb!eb!cvef!lpe!isbxfxb! q•fmb@! !371/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!isbob!{b!q•fmf!pe!{bqsrboph!jmj! ofqsf•j|~foph!|f~fsb@! !372/!Eb!mj!kf!qvopwsfeob!isbob!|f~fsoj!nfe@! !373/!_jnf!npaf!eb!tf!pckbtoj!qpwprbo!vujdbk!!qspmf~oph! qsjisbxjwbxb-!ob!qspmf~oj!sb{wpk!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-!blp! tf!v!tjsvq!tubwj!tbnmfwfob!{fmfob!qbqsjlb@! !374/!Lblp!vuj•f!tubwrbxf!mjnvopwf!ljtfmjof!v!isbov!{b!q•fmf! v!qfsjpev!kftfxfh!qsjisbxjwbxb@! !375/!Lblp!tf!tqsfnb!|f~fsop!nfeop!uftup@! !376/!Tb!lblwpn!isbopn!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbxvkv!q•fmf@! !377/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!|f~fsop!lwbtop!uftup@! !378/!\ub!j{b{jwb!{bnv~jwbxf!|f~fsoph!sbtuwpsb!j!lblp!!npaf! eb!tf!tqsf•j@! !379/!Lpmjlp!kf!evhp!pcsb{pwbxf!ubmphb!v!|f~fsopn!tjsvqv!qsj! evafn!•vwbxv!j!lblp!npaf!up!eb!tf!!tqsf•j@! !37:/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!qptufqfoph!j!kfeoplsbuoph! qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!v!kftfo@! !381/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!tbibsp{b@! !382/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qsjisbxjwbxv!q•fmb!df}fxfn!|f~fsoph! tjsvqb!lsp{!tjup@! !383/!Lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!lpe!qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmb!tvwjn! |f~fspn@! !384/!V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!lpsjtuj!wpeb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !385/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!hvcjubl!q•fmb!j{mfuojdb!lpkf! epoptf!wpev!v!lp|ojdv!v!qspmf~f@! !386/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!lvijxtlf!tpmj!npaf!eb!tf!epeb!wpej!{b! qpkfxf!q•fmb@! !387/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!tubopwoj|uwp!!!lp|ojdf@! !388/!\ub!kf!joibmbdjpob!bmfshjkb!ob!q•fmf!

18


!389/!\ub!kf!lpoubluob!bmfshjkb! !38:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!viwbuj!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!lpkf!tf!obmb{j!v! evqrj!eswfub@! !391/!Lbeb!j!lpmjlp!qvub!qsj!qsfhmfev!q•fmjxfh!!esv|uwb!usfcb! nfsjuj!qpws|jov!mfhmb!!j!lpmjlb!pob!usfcb!eb!cvef@! !392/!Lblp!tf!nfsj!qpws|job!mfhmb@! !393/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!{bplsfof!sbn!tb!mfhmpn!v!wfsujlbmopn! qpmpabkv!{b!:1!.!291°@! !394/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!!″qmb•f″@! !395/!Lpkf!mbswf!cjsbkv!q•fmf!lpe!j{hsbexf!nbuj•xblb!lpe! ofp•fljwboph!hvcjulb!nbujdf@! !396/!Lblp!tf!{bnfxvkf!tubsb!nbujdb!opwpn@! !397/!Lblp!tf!epebkf!nbujdb!v!pcf{nbuj•fop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !398/!Lbeb!q•fmf!vcjkbkv!epebuv!ofpqmp}fov!nbujdv@! !399/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!pcsbej!qsptups!v!usbotqpsuopn!!eswfopn! lbwf{v!{b!nbujdf!eb!cj!tf!tb•vwbmp!|f~fsop!nfeop!uftup@! !39:/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eptujaf!nbltjnvn!v!!twpn!sb{wpkv@! !3:1/!Npaf!mj!v!kfeopk!lp|ojdj!{bkfeoj•lj!eb!ajwf!oflpmjlp! nbujdb@! !3:2/!Eb!mj!kf!voptop!tqbkbuj!ewb!tmbcb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb@! !3:3/!Lbeb!tf!qsblujlvkf!qsjqbkbxf!tmbcph!esv|uwb!kblpn!j!p! •fnv!uscb!wpejuj!sb•vob!v!upn!tmv•bkv@! !3:4/!\ub!qsfoptf!j!|ub!of!qsfoptf!q•fmf!v!lp|ojdv@! !3:5/!Npaf!mj!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv-!eb!tf!qpsfe!ofpqmp}fof! nbujdf-!qpkbwf!mbaof!nbujdf@! !3:6/!J{mf~v!mj!mbaof!nbujdf!j{!lp|ojdf!j!epoptf!mj!oflubs@! !3:7/!Lblp!tf!petusbxvkv!mbaof!nbujdf@! !3:8/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!usvupwtlp!esv|uwp@! !3:9/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!vuwsej!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!!v!lpnf!jnb!mbaob! nbujdb@! !3::/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!mfu!v!nftuv@!! !411/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!npaf!eb!tf!vhv|j!vtmfe!ofeptubulb! wb{evib@!

19


!412/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!epxb!j!qsfexb!wfoujmbdjkb! )qspwfusbwbxf*!lp|ojdf@! !413/!Lbeb!kf!nphv~f!eb!tf!pcsof!lp|ojdb!v!esvhpn!qsbwdv@! !414/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!q•fmjxf!tb~f!!j!lpmlp!hb!wstub!jnb@! !415/!Lpkf!q•fmjxf!tb~f!tf!tnbusb!{b!tlpsp!opwp!j!!lbeb!tf! lpsjtuj@! !416/!Lpkb!tusbob!tbub!usfcb!eb!tf!tnbusb!qswb@! !417/!\ub!kf!wp|ujob!)wptlpwbsjob*@! !418/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!ejwrf!tb~f@! !419/!Lpkf!q•fmjxf!~fmjkf!tv!qspevafof-!lbeb!tf!!kbwrbkv!j!{b! |ub!tf!lpsjtuf@! !41:/!Lblp!tf!j{sb•vobwb!cspk!~fmjkb!ob!2!en/!lwbesbuopn!tb!!pcf! tusbof!tb~b@! !421/!Lblp!tf!pesf}vkf!qpws|job!qpqsf•op!tf•fof!kfeof!q•fmjxf! ~fmjkf@! !422/!Lblp!tf!pesf}vkf!ub•bo!qsf•ojl!~fmjkf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! !423/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!plsf~v!sbnpwj!tb!tb~fn!qsj!qsfhmfev! lp|ojdf@! !424/!Lblp!tf!q•fmf!vlmbxbkv!tb!tb~b!j!lbeb!nphv!eb!tf!! tusftbkv@! !425/!Lpkj!j!lpmjlj!cspk!sbnpwb!npaf!eb!tf!qsfnftuj!!j{! qmpej|ub!v!nfej|uf@! !426/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!qp!sbnv!hsb}fwxblv!!eb!tv! qmpej|oj!sbnpwj!ptubsfmj@! !427/!Lbeb!ojkf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!Ibofnbopwb!sf|fulb@! !428/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!tf!tb•vwb!lpe!q•fmb!jotujolu!{b!j{hsbexv! tb~b@! !429/!Lbeb!j!ob!lpkf!nftup!tf!qptubwrb!qswj!sbn!tb!tbuopn! ptopwpn@! !42:/!Lbeb!tbuob!ptopwb!npaf!eb!tf!qptubwj!j{nf}v!sbnpwb!tb! mfhmpn@! !431/!Lblp!tf!pcsb{vkv!puwpsj!v!qmpej|opn!tb~v!j!•fnv!tmvaf@! !432/!\ub!kf!cprf!eb!tf!qptubwrb;!opwf!jmj!tubsf!!tbuof!ptopwf@!

20


!433/![b|up!q•fmf!ofwprop!lpsjtuf!tbuof!ptopwf!lpkf!ojtv! ephsb}fof!qsfuipeof!hpejof@! !434/!Lpmjlp!usfcb!eb!cvef!sbtupkbxf!j{nf}v!tsfejof!sbnpwb! qmpej|ub@! !435/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!q•fmf!qsphsj{bkv!tbuof!ptopwf@! !436/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nfej|oj!obtsbwbl!ob!lp|ojdv@! !437/!\ub!{ob•j!qpqvxbwbxf!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!nfepn@! !438/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!joufo{jwob!j{hsbexb!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!v! wsiv!tbuof!ptopwf@! !439/!Tb!lblwjn!wptlpn!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!qpqvxfof!~fmjkf!tb! nfepn@! !43:/!Lpkb!kf!obksfoubcjmojkb!qpws|job!tb~b!v!qmpej|uv@! !441/!Lbeb!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!mfhmp@! !442/!Ob!lblbw!ob•jo!v!qmpej|uv!tf!pesabwb!tubcjmbo!!peopt! j{nf}v!cspkb!~fmjkb!sbejmjdb!j!usvupwb@! !443/![b|up!q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!v!epxfn!efmv! tb~b@! !444/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!•vwbkv!sf{fswof!tbuof!ptopwf@! !445/!Nphv!mj!v!lp|ojdv!eb!tf!qptubwrbkv!ptopwf!lpkf!!kf!p|ufujp! nj|@! !446/!Vuj•f!mj!nf|bxf!q•fmbsb!v!ajwpu!q•fmjxfh!!esv|uwb!ob! lpmj•jov!qspj{wfefoph!nfeb@! !447/!Lbeb!nfxbuj!tb~f!v!lp|ojdj@! !448/!Pe!lbeb!qp•jxf!q•fmbstlb!hpejob@! !449/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!sf{fswbnb!isbof!{b!q•fmf!j!lpkj!kf! sb{mph!qpkbwb!xfoji!ofqpusfcoji!lpmj•job!v!lp|ojdj@! !44:/!Ob!|ub!usfcb!pcsbujuj!qbaxv!lpe!qsjisbxjw!q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb!{b!{jnv@! !451/!V!lpkjn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!oftubkf!qpmfo!v!!lp|ojdj! qsfe!{jnv@! !452/!Ep!•fhb!epwpef!wfmjlf!sf{fswf!qpmfob!!v!~fmjkbnb!tb~b!v! kftfo@! !453/!Eb!mj!kf!qsbwjmop!eb!tf!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!qsjisbxvkv!tb! wfmjljn!ep{bnb!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb@!

21


!454/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!cvef!lpodfousbdjkb!tjsvqb!{b!!epqvov! sf{fswf!isbof!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!{b!!{jnv@! !455/!Lbeb!j!lpmjlp!usfcb!tv{juj!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!qsfe! {b{jnrbwbxf@! !456/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpouspmj|f!tubxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb! {jnj!qsflp!qpenfub•b!ob!qpexb•j!j!!lpmjlj!po!usfcb!eb! cvef@! !457/!Lblwp!cf{cfeop!tsfetuwp!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!qspujw! hsbcfaj!pe!uv}ji!q•fmb!j{wjeojdb!lpe!qsfhmfeb!q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb!v!cf{qb|opn!qfsjpev@! !458/!\ub!kf!ujib!hsbcfa@! !459/!Lbeb!tf!kbwrb!hsbcfa!lpe!q•fmb@! !45:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!hsbcfa!lpe!q•fmb@! !461/!Lblp!eb!tf!tqsf•j!!obtubobl!hsbcfaj!lpe!q•fmb@! !462/!Qp!•fnv!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!oftubobl!nbujdf!v!q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv!v!lbtov!kftfo@! !463/!Lbeb!nbujdf!qsftubkv!eb!optf!kbkb!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf@! !464/!Usp|f!mj!q•fmf!upqmpuv!v!lp|ojdj!{jnj@! !465/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!tqsf•j!pcsb{pwbxf!wmbhf!v!lp|ojdj@! !466/!Lblp!vuj•f!wfubs!ob!q•fmf@! !467/!Npaf!mj!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eb!{jnvkf!v!lp|ojdj!!lpkb!kf!tb! twji!tusbob!{busqbob!tofhpn@! !468/!Lblwf!ufnqfsbuvsf!tv!vuws}fof!qpnp~v!ufsnpfmflusj•oji! nfsb•b!v!qmpej|uv!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! !469/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!lpkf!jnb!nbujdv!{vkj!{jnj@! !46:/!\ub!twf!sfnfuj!njs!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! !471/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!tubxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! !472/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qpeoj!qpenfub•!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !473/!Lbeb!tf!qptubwrb!qpeoj!qpenfub•!v!lp|ojdv!j!lbeb!tf! tljeb@! !474/!\ub!p{ob•bwbkv!cfmb!|f~fsob!{sodb!qbmb!ob!qpeoj! qpenfub•@! !475/!Lpkj!cspk!vhjovmji!q•fmb!qsflp!{jnf!kf!opsnbmbo!{b!kfeop! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@!

22


!476/!Lpkj!kf!ptopwoj!v{spl!vhjxbwbxb!q•fmb!{jnj@! !477/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!sptf!jmj!mfeb!ob!qpmfubrdj@! !478/!Npaf!mj!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eb!qsf{jnj!tb!{bmjinb!nfeb! qsjlvqrfoph!tb!wsftlb@! !479/!Nphv!mj!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!eb!{jnvkv!cf{!{bmjib!qpmfob@! !47:/!V!lpn!qsbwdv!kf!obkqphpeojkf!eb!cvef!vtnfsfop!mfup! lp|ojdf!qsj!qswpn!pcmfubxv@! !481/!Lbeb!npaf!eb!tf!p•flvkf!qswj!qspmf~oj!pcmfu!j!lblwf!nfsf! usfcb!qsfev{fuj@! !482/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!qspdfoj!{esbwtuwfop!tubxf!q•fmb!qp! j{hmfev!j{mv•foph!j{nfub@! !483/!Qsfmb{f!mj!q•fmf!{jnj!tb!kfeoph!sbnb!ob!esvhj@! !484/!Lbeb!j!ob!lpkj!ob•jo!usfcb!eb!tf!pcbwj!qsjoveop!!pcmfubxf! q•fmb@! !485/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!{b|ujuj!qpmfo!mftlf!pe!{bns{bwbxb@! !486/!Lpkf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!of!avsj!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!!sbop! qspmf~f@! !487/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!qp•of!qspmf~op!obesbabkop!qsjisbxjwbxf! q•fmb@! !488/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!ebkf!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!v!nbsuv@! !489/!Lpmjlp!mjubsb!wpef!kf!ofpqipeop!kblpn!q•fmj!esv|uwv!v! qspmf~f@! !48:/!Lpkv!lpmj•jov!isbof!lpo{vnjsb!ob!ebo!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v! qspmf~f@! !491/![ob•j!mj!blp!ob}fnp!nsuwv!nbujdv!ob!qpeopn!qpenfub•v!eb! kf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!ptjspufmp!)pcf{nbuj•fop*@! !492/!Lpkb!cfmbo•fwjobtub!isbob!usfcb!eb!tf!ebkf!q•fmbnb!!!v! qspmf~f@! !493/!Eb!mj!kf!pehpwbsbkv~f!qsjisbxjwbuj!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp! hmvlp{pn!eb!cj!tf!qpwf~bmb!optjwptu!!nbujdf@! !494/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!pcbwj!qspmf~oj!qsfhmfe!q•fmjxfh!esv|ubwb! ob!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!23°!T@! !495/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!mbswf!vhjovmf!pe!{jnf!j!mbswf! vhjovmf!pe!hmbej@!

23


!496/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!qstufo@! !497/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!tvabwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !498/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!wfmjlji!{bmjib!nfeb!v!qmpej|uv!v! sfmbujwop!tmbcpn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! !499/!Lpkj!kf!sb{mph!qsjtvtuwb!j{wbosfeop!nophp!usvupwb!v! qmpej|uv!j!lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!uphb!{b!q•fmjxf!! esv|uwp@! !49:/!Lblp!tf!qsfnf|ubkv!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!ob!lsbulpn! sbtupkbxv@! !4:1/!Lblp!nphv!usvupwj!eb!qsp}v!v!nfej|uf!lpkf!ofnb!mfup!b! pewpkfop!kf!pe!qmpej|ub!sf|fulpn@! !4:2/![b|up!q•fmf!j{cfhbwbkv!eb!qvof!tb!nfepn!tb~f!lpkf!tf! obmb{j!cmj{v!qpmfubrlf!nfej|ub@! !4:3/!Hef!q•fmf!ptubwrbkv!wpev!lpkv!epoptf!qp!tvwpn!!j!upqmpn! ebov@!!!! !4:4/!Lblp!tf!gpsnjsb!spk@! !4:5/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!usfcb!spk!eb!tupkj!v!spkfwlj!eb!tf!q•fmf! tnjsf@! !4:6/!Lblp!wsv~job!vuj•f!ob!mfhmp!j!tblvqrbxf!oflubsb@! !4:7/!Hef!tf!obmb{j!wf~job!q•fmb!v!qfsjpev!qb|f-!v!lp|ojdj!jmj! wbo!xf@! !4:8/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!qpwf~b!lpmj•job!nfeb!qspj{wfefob!pe! q•fmb!lbeb!tf!petusboj!nbujdb!j{!lp|ojdf!qsf!qp•fulb! qswf!qb|f@! !4:9/!V!lpn!esvhpn!djrv!tf!lpsjtuj!j{pmbups!nbujdf!ptjn!{b! pehbkbxf!q•fmb@! !4::/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!vtnfsbwbxf!mfufxb!)esftjsbxf*!q•fmb!j! lblp!tf!ptuwbsvkf@! !511/!\ub!j{b{jwb!spkfxf@! !512/!\ub!qpetuj•f!spkfxf@! !513/!Lblp!tf!pesbabwb!ob!spkfwp!sbtqpmpafxf!blp!mfup! plsfofnp!ob!tfwfs@! !514/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!spkfxf@! !515/!Lpkb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!tf!spkf!sfulp!jmj!tf!vpq|uf!of!spkf@!

24


!516/!Qp!lblwjn!{obdjnb!ob!j{hsb}fopn!tb~v!npaf!eb!tf!! vtubopwj!eb!mj!~f!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eb!tf!spkj@! !517/!Npaf!mj!tf!qp!ob•jov!j{mfubxb!q•fmb!tb!qpmfubrlf!! {blrv•juj!eb!mj!tf!pof!tqsfnbkv!{b!spkfxf@! !518/!\ub!{ob•j!blp!kf!tb~f!tb!usvupwtljn!mfhmpn!qplsjwfop! q•fmbnb@! !519/!Lpkj!kf!obkfgjlbtojkj!ob•jo!{b!qsflje!spkfxb@! !51:/!Qp!lpkjn!{obdjnb!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!v!qmpej|uv!jnb! j{hsb}foji!spkfwji!nbuj•xblb@!!!! !521/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!spkfwji!j!sf{fswoji!)tmbcjkji-! tqbtpoptoji*!nbuj•xblb@! !522/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!spk!j!lblp!tf!pcsb{vkf@! !523/!V!lpn!qsbwdv!pcj•op!j{mf~f!spk@! !524/!Peoptj!mj!spk!sf{fswf!qpmfob!tb!tpcpn@! !525/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!sv•ob!qstlbmjdb!lpe!iwbubxb!spkb@!!!! !526/!\ub!kf!ofpqipeop!{b!iwbubxf!spkb@! !527/![b|up!spk!wjtj!v!wjev!hsp{eb@! !528/!Npaf!mj!q•fmbs!eb!cvef!tjhvsbo!eb!~f!eb!viwbuj!spk!!blp!kf! viwbujp!tbnp!nbujdv@! !529/!\ub!kf!spkfw!puwps@! !52:/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!esvhptufqfoj!spk@! !531/!\ub!kf!hmbebo!spk@! !532/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfwbkv~j!spk@! !533/!Npaf!mj!spk!eb!tf!qptubwj!ob!tb~f!qpqstlbop!nfepn@! !534/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qp{ob!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!j{!lpkfhbtf! qsjqsfnb!eb!j{mfuj!esvhj!spk@! !535/![b|up!tv!dfxfoj!esvhj!spkfwj@! !536/!Nphv!mj!j{!kfeoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!eb!j{mfuj! jtupwsfnfop!ewb!spkb@! !537/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!pcsb{pwbxf!{cjsoph!spkb@! !538/!Lbeb!{cjsoj!spk!npaf!eb!tf!qpkb•b!esvhjn!spkfn@! !539/!Npaf!mj!spk!eb!tf!wsbuj!v!twpkv!lp|ojdv!qptmf!4.5!ebob@! !53:/!Usfcb!mj!spk!eb!tf!esaj!{buwpsfo!ep!wf•fsj!qb!qptmf!uphb! eb!tf!qptubwj!v!opwv!lp|ojdv@!

25


!541/!Lblwp!kf!qpob|bxf!spkb!obtfrfoph!v!lp|ojdv@! !542/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!{bqp•of!qsjisbxjwbxf!spkb@! !543/!Ob!lblwp!sbtupkbxf!j{mf~f!spk!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!vmpwj! )viwbuj*@! !544/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!j{!lpkf!lp|ojdf!kf!j{b|bp!spk@! !545/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!lbeb!tf!ob}f!spk@! !546/!Pe!lbeb!kf!qp{obup!qplsfuop!q•fmbstuwp@! !547/!Tb!•jn!kf!evabo!eb!tf!vqp{ob!q•fmbs!qsfe!qsfwpafxf! lp|ojdb!ob!esvhp!nftup@! !548/!Lblbw!npaf!eb!cvef!sb{mph!{b!ptmbcrjwbxf!q•fmjxf! esv|uwb!v!usbotqpsuv!•bl!j!lpe!epwprof!wfoujmbdjkf@! !549/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!qptmf!qsfnf|ubxb!q•fmf!{bcpsbwf!nftup!! hef!kf!cjmb!qptubwrfob!xjipwb!lp|ojdb@! !54:/!\ub!usfcb!eb!qpoftf!tb!tpcpn!q•fmbs!qsj!tfpcj!q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb!ob!esvhp!nftup@! !551/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!ptjhvsb!qspwfusbwbxf!q•fmb! qsj!qsfwp{v!lp|ojdb@! !552/!Nphv!mj!lp|ojdf!eb!tf!tfmf!tb!puwpsfojn!mfupn@! !553/!Lpkb!kf!pqujnbmob!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!usbotqpsu!q•fmb@! !554/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!tf!q•fmf!psjkfouj|v!ob!opwpn!nftuv@! !555/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!qptmf!tfpcf!ob!sbtupkbxf!pe!:!ln/!eb!tf! wsbuf!ob!qsf}b|xf!nftup@! !556/!V!lblwpn!sfev!tf!qptubwrbkv!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!ob!opwpn! nftuv@! !557/![b|up!nf}v!tfmf~jn!q•fmbsjnb!•ftup!obtubkv!tqpspwj@! !558/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!wfmj•job!qsfwp{oph!tsfetuwb!!{b!!qsfwp{! lp|ojdb@! !559/!Hef!q•fmbsj!nphv!eb!vobknf!qsfwp{op!tsfetuwp!{b! usbotqpsu!lp|ojdb@! !55:/!\ub!usfcb!eb!jnb!ob!qsfwp{opn!tsfetuwv!{b!pcf{cf}fxf! cf{pqbtoph!usotqpsub@! !561/!Usfcb!mj!v•ws|~jwbuj!lp|ojdf!lpe!tfpcf@! !562/!\ub!of!usfcb!eb!{bcpsbwj!q•fmbs!qsf!ofhp!puqvuvkf!tb! wp{jmpn!j!lp|ojdbnb@!

26


!563/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!qsf!dfousjgvhjsbxb!nfeb@! !564/!Eb!mj!kf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!qptubwj!cfabmjdb!qsj! dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb@! !565/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!qptuvqb!qsj!dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb@! !566/!Lblp!tf!qptubwrb!tb~f!v!dfousjgvhv!{b!nfe@! !567/!Lpmjlp!•ftup!npaf!eb!tf!dfousjgvhjsb!nfe!j{!lp|ojdf!v! qfsjpev!pcjmof!qb|f@! !568/!Lpe!lph!ujqb!lp|ojdf!nfe!npaf!eb!tf!dfousjgvhjsb!! kfeboqvu!qp!{bws|fulv!hmbwof!qb|f@! !569/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!dfousjgvhjsb!nfe!j{!tb~b!lpkf!jnb! {buwpsfop!mfhmp@!! !56:/!Lpkj!gblupsj!qplb{vkv!vujdbk!ob!qspevldjkv!nfeb!j!wptlb@!!!!! !571/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qmfnfojuj!qptbp!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !572/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!ofhpwbxf!nbujdb!{b!qpusfcf! q•fmbsb@! !573/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qpkbn!qmfnfojup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !574/!Lblwf!ptpcjof!usfcb!eb!jnb!qmfnfojup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !575/!Lpkj!tv!qp{obuj!ptopwoj!nfupej!pehbkbxb!nbujdb! vq•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! !576/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!nfupe!pehbkbxb!nbujdb!cf{!qsjtvtuwb! tubsf!nbujdf@! !577/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!nfupe!pehbkbxb!nbujdb!v!qsjtvtuwv!tubsf! nbujdf@! !578/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!qsj!hbkfxv!nbujdb!tb!j{ewbkbxfn!mfhmb!j{! qmpej|ub@! !579/!Lblp!kf!cprf!eb!tf!pehbkbkv!nbujdf!v{!qsjtvtuwp!tbnp! {buwpsfoph!jmj!j!puwpsfoph!mfhmb@! !57:/!Lblp!kf!pehbkbp!nbujdf!Bmfk@! !581/!Lblp!kf!pehbkbp!nbujdf!Cfsusbo@! !582/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!lpe!j{pmpwbxb!nbujdf!{b!:!ebob@! !583/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!•jtuplswob!mjojkb!v!dfmpn! q•fmjxblv!qsflp!u{w/esvhf!tnfof@! !584/!Lpkj!kf!pesf}vkv~j!gblups!{b!j{mfhbxf!nbujdf!pe! pqmp}foph!kbkfub@!

27


!585/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm@! !586/!Lblp!tf!pebcjsb!pehpwbsbkv~j!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm@! !587/![b|up-!{b!epcjkbxf!qmfnfojuph!nbufsjkbmb-!tf!qswfotuwp! ebkf!mbswj!b!of!kbkfuv@! !588/!Lblp!tf!pcf{cf}vkf!pehpwbsbkv~j!pqmpeoj!nbufsjkbm@! !589/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!vsbej!tb!pebcsbojn!)j{sf{bojn*! qmfnfojujn!nbufsjkbmpn@! !58:/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of!•b|jdf@! !591/!Pe!lblwph!wptlb!usfcb!eb!tf!j{sb}vkv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of! •b|jdf@! !592/!Ob!|ub!usfcb!pcsbujuj!qbaxv!qsj!qsfoptv!qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb!v!wf|ub•lv!nbuj•ov!•b|jdv@! !593/!J{hsb}vkv!mj!q•fmf!nbuj•xblf!v!qsjtvtuwv!kbkb@! !594/!Pe!lblwf!mbswf!of!npaf!eb!tf!sb{wjkf!q•fmb!sbejmjdb@! !595/!Lblwf!mbswf!tv!obkqphpeojkf!{b!ofhpwbxf!nbujdb@! !596/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!v!qspevlujwoptuj!nbujdf!pehbkfof!pe! kbkfub!j!pe!mbswf@! !597/!Nfxbkv!mj!tf!qmfnfojuj!{obdj!nbujdf!blp!tv!v!tubejkvnv! sb{wpkb!mbswf!isbxfof!pe!nmbeji!q•fmb!esvhf!sbtf//! !598/!Lpkb!kf!evajob!nbuj•xblb@! !599/!Lblbw!opa!tf!lpsjtuj!{b!j{sf{jwbxf!~fmjkb!qmfnfojuph!! nbufsjkbmb@! !59:/!\ub!kf!nbuj•oj!sbn@! !5:1/!Ob!lpn!sbtupkbxv!usfcb!eb!tf!obqsbwf!puwpsj!v!sbnpwjnb! {b!qptubwrbxf!qpenfub•b!)pe!qmvuf*@! !5:2/!Lblp!nphv!sv•op!eb!tf!obqsbwf!pehpwbsbkv~j!qpenfub•j!{b! mfqrfxf!nbuj•xblb@! !5:3/!\ub!usfcb!eb!qbnuj!q•fmbs!lpkj!qptubwrb!nbuj•oj!sbn)tb! nbuj•xbdjnb*!v!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!cf{!nbujdf@! !5:4/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!vtqf|op!qsjnbxf!nbuj•xblb!pe!q•fmb@! !5:5/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nbuj•oj!sbn!)tb!nbuj•xbdjnb*!!v! pehbkjwb•lp!esv|uwp@! !5:6/!Hef!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nbuj•oj!sbn!v!lp|ojdj@!

28


!5:7/!V!lblwjn!nbuj•xbdjnb!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!{obuop!nbxb! ufajob!nbujdb@! !5:8/!Qp!•fnv!npaf!eb!tf!vtubopwj!eb!kf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp! tqsfnop!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb@! !5:9/!Lpkf!tubsptuj!usfcb!eb!cvef!nbujdb!v! pehbkjwb•lpnesv|uwv@! !5::/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!qsjqsfnb!pehbkjwb•lph!esv|uwb!!{b! nbujdv@! !611/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!pcf{cfej!pehpwbsbkv~j!qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm!{b!nbuj•xblf!cf{!lpsj|~fxb!lbwf{b! j{pmbupsb@! !612/!Lpmjlp!evhp!tf!ptubwrb!nbuj•oj!sbn!tb!{buwpsfojn! nbuj•xbdjnb!v!pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! !613/!Lpmjlp!qplpmfxb!nbujdb!npaf!eb!tf!peofhvkf!!v!kfeopn! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! !614/!Lbeb!{b!pehbkbxf!kfeoph!qplpmfxb!nbujdb!lpsjtujnp!ewb! pehbkjwb•lb!esv|uwb@! !615/!Npaf!mj!{b!qmfnfojup!pehbkbxf!nbujdb!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuf! nbuj•xbdj!pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!lpkf!tf!spkj@! !616/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!nbuj•xblb!j{hsb}foji!ob!! wf|ub•ljn!nbuj•ojn!•b|jdbnb!j!ob!qsjspeojn!q•fmjxjn! ~fmjkbnb@! !617/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbupsoj!nbuj•oj!sbn@! !618/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!vsbej!tb!{sfmjn!nbuj•xbdjnb!v! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! !619/!Lpmjlp!evhp!npaf!eb!tf!esaj!{buwpsfo!nbuj•xbl!j{wbo! lp|ojdf!b!eb!tf!of!qpsfnfuj!sb{wpk!nbujdf@! !61:/!Lblwj!lbwf{j!tv!obkqphpeojkj!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb!tb! nphv~jn!qsjtvtuwpn!q•fmb!ep!nbuj•xblb!jmj!cf{! qsjtvtuwb@! !621/!Lpmjlp!ebob!nphv!eb!tf!ptubwf!lbwf{j!tb!nbuj•xbdjnbv! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! !622/!Tb!•jn!usfcb!tobcefuj!lbwf{!tb!nbuj•xblpn!v!lpkj!q•fmf! ofnbkv!qsjtuvq@!

29


!623/!\ub!usfcb!eb!pcf{cfej!q•fmbs!qsfe!wb}fxf!lbwf{b!j{! pehbkjwb•lph!esv|uwb@! !624/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!lpouspmj|v!j{mfafof!nbujdf@! !625/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!njlspovlmfvtj@! !626/!Pe!lpkji!q•fmb!kf!tbtubwrfo!wf|ub•lj!spk!{b!qvxfxf! pqmpexblb@! 627/![b|up!oflj!q•fmbsj!of!lpsjtuf!j{pmbupstlf!lbwf{f!j! ptubwrbkv!nbujdf!eb!tf!j{mfhv!v!qsfeipeop!! qsjqsfnrfopn!wf|ub•lpn!spkv@! !628/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf@! !629/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!vsfej!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf@! !62:/!Lblp!tf!qvoj!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf!q•fmbnb@! !631/!Lbeb!tf!qptubwrbkv!nbuj•xbdj!v!spkfwlv!{b!nbujdf@! !632/!\ub!of!usfcb!eb!{bcpsbwj!q•fmbs!lbeb!qptubwrb! nbuj•xblf!v!spkfwlv!{b!nbujdf@! !633/!_jnf!usfcb!eb!tf!isbof!q•fmf!v!spkfwlj!{b!nbujdf@! !634/!\ub!kf!ovlmfvt@! !635/!\ub!kf!tfldjkb@! !636/!Tb!•jn!usfcb!eb!tf!vsfej!ovlmfvt!qsfe!xfhpwp!!qvxfxf! q•fmbnb@! !637/!Lpmjlb!lpmj•job!|f~fsop.lwbtoph!uftub!tf!qptubwrb!v!! ovlmfvt@! !638/!Tb!lblwph!tb~b!tf!v{jnbkv!q•fmf!{b!ovlmfvt@! !639/!Lblp!tf!qvof!ovlmfvtj!nmbejn!q•fmbnb@! !63:/!Lblp!tf!qvof!ovlmfvtj!nmbejn!q•fmbnb!v!q•fmbstljn! gjsnbnb@! !641/![b|up!of!usfcb!q•fmf!penbi!eb!tf!qvtuf!j{!ovlmfvtb@! !642/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!ovlmfvtjnb!qptmf!ewpeofwoph! {buwbsbxb!nmbeji!q•fmb@! !643/!Lbeb!ojkf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!esaf!q•fmf!{buwpsfof!v! ovlmfvtjnb@! 644/![b|up!ob!qplmpqdv!ovlmfvtb!usfcb!eb!jnb!puwps@!! 645/!Lbeb!j!tb!lblwjn!!djrfn!usfcb!eb!tf!j{ws|j!qsfhmfe!! ovlmfvtb@!

30


!646/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwpn!qptmf! pev{jnbxb!pqmp}fof!nbujdf@! 647/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!nbujdb!npaf!eb!qsftupkj!v!ovlmfvtv@! !648/![b|up!tf!spkf!•ftup!q•fmf!qptubwrfof!v!ovlmfvt@! !649/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!qmfnfojuf!lp|ojdf!tb!sf{fswojn! nbujdbnb@! !64:/!Lblwb!tv!qsfjnv~tuwb!j!ofeptubdj!qmfnfojuf!lp|ojdf@! !651/!Lpmjlp!nbujdb!npaf!eb!cvef!pqmp}fop!pe!usvupwb!j{!kfeoph! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !652/!Lblp!eb!tf!tb•vwbkv!usvupwj!qmfnfojuph!esv|uwb!{b! pqmp}fxf!nbujdf!v!lsjuj•opn!tmv•bkv!lbeb!q•fmf!!qp•ov! eb!hpof!usvupwf!j{!lp|ojdf@! !653/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!ptjhvsb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!pe!!ofafrfoji-! uv}ji-usvupwb!lpe!qmfnfojuph!pehbkbxbnbujdb@! !654/!Lbeb!nbujdf!j{mf~v!ob!csb•oj!mfu@! !655/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!nbujdb!tf!qbsj!tb!usvupn@! !656/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!oflpmjlp!qbsfxb!nbujdf@! !657/!Qp!•fnv!npaf!eb!tf!qp{ob!eb!kf!nbujdb!pqmp}fob@! !658/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!pqmp}fopn!nbujdpn@! !659/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!qsbuj!qptmf!pqmp}fxb!nbujdf@! !65:/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!esv|uwb!sflpsefsj@! !661/!Nphv!mj!nbujdf!pqmp}fof!v!plupcsv!eb!qp•ov!qpmbhbxf!kbkb! v!qspmf~f@! !!662/!Lpmjlp!nbujdb!usfcb!eb!pehbkj!q•fmbs!{b!twpkf!qpusfcf@! !!663/!Lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!pe!vls|ubxb!v!tspetuwv!lpe!q•fmb@! !!664/!Lbeb!tv!lpe!nbujdf!dsof!ophf@! !!665/!Lp!kf!jojdjkbups!v•fxb!p!qbsufophfof{opn!qpsflmv! usvupwb@! !!666/!\ub!tf!tiwbub!qpe!qpknpn!tfmfldjpob!mjojkb@! !!667/!Lpkj!kf!ptopwoj!{biufw!{b!puwbsbxf!pqmpeof!tubojdf@! !!668/!Lpkjn!vtmpwjnb!usfcb!eb!pehpwbsb!pqmpeob!tubojdb!!eb!cj! tf!epcjmf!pqmp}fof!nbujdf!•jtuf!sbtf@! !!669/!Hef!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!tuwpsj!tpqtuwfoj!pqmpeoj!qvolu@!

31


!!66:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!pcf{cfej!pqmp}fxf!nbujdf!tb! qmfnfojujn!usvupwjnb!v!q•fmjxblv@! !!671/!Lblp!tf!pcbwrb!qbsfxf!nbujdf!j!usvub@! !!672/!Lblp!kf!eplb{bop!eb!tf!nbujdb!qbsj!tb!oflpmjlp!usvupwb@! !!673/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!njlspptfnfojufr!j!lp!hb!kf!tuwpsjp@! !!674/!Pe!lpmjlp!usvupwb!usfcb!eb!tf!tblvqj!tqfsnb!{b!! wf|ub•lp!ptfnfxbwbxf!kfeof!nbujdf@! !!675/!Lblp!tf!v{jnb!tqfsnb!pe!usvupwb!{b!wf|ub•lp!! ptfnfxbwbxf!nbujdf@! !!676/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!obhpnjmbwbxv!){cpsj|uv*!usvupwb@! !!677/!Eb!mj!kf!pqsbwebop!eb!tf!voptf!uv}f!sbtf!q•fmb@! !!678/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!nf}vlpoujofoubmop!vls|ubxf!q•fmb@! !!679/!Nphv!mj!mbswf!jmj!kbkb!q•fmb!eb!tf!qsfwp{f!ob!wf~b!! sbtupkbxb@! !!67:/!\ub!kf!qfopqpmjtujspm@! !!681/!Eb!mj!tv!qphpeoj!tjoufuj•lj!qfobtuj!nbufsjkbmj!{b!j{sbev! lp|ojdb@! !!682/!V!lpn!qsbwdv!tf!sb{wjkb!qspj{wpexb!pcmbhbkv~ji! nbufsjkbmb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !!683/!Hef!kf!qswj!qvu!cjmp!qsfempafop!j!lblwb!tv!qsfjnv~tuwb! qmbtuj•oph!tb~b@! !!684/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!ufsnpqmbtuj•oji!j! ufsnpsfblujwoji!tnpmb@! !!685/![b!|ub!npaf!eb!tf!vqpusfcj!ulbojob!bnfsjlbo!v! q•fmbstuwv@! !!686/!\ub!kf!bmvgpbn@! !!687/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!mjwfob!lp|ojdb@! !!688/!\ub!kf!lbv•vlpbtgbmu!j!{b!|ub!tf!npaf!lpsjtujuj!v! q•fmbstuwv@! !!689/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!fpoju@! !!68:/!Lblwf!cpkf!tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!{b!cpkfxf!lp|ojdb@! !!691/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuf!mbufltof!cpkf@! !!692/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!sbej!tb!lbscpmopn!ljtfmjopn!qsj! petusbxjwbxv!q•fmb!j{!nfej|ub!ob!lp|ojdbnb@!

32


!!693/!_jnf!npaf!eb!tf!{bnfoj!hmjdfsjo!lpkj!tf!lpsjtuj!lpe! j{sbef!tbuof!ptopwf@! !!694/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nplsb!ulbojob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!695/!\ub!kf!q•fmbstlj!opa!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! !!696/!\ub!kf!ebtlb!Ubsbopwb……@!!……! !!697/!Lblwf!qpenfub•f!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs!v!lp|ojdj@! !!698/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tub{jdb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!699/!Lblbw!mfwbl!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs@! !!69:/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuf!quj•jkb!qfsb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!6:1/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbups!j!{b!|ub!tmvaj@! !!6:2/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qptuprf!{b!sbnpwf@! !!6:3/![b!|ub!kf!ofpqipeob!q•fmbsv!lb|j•jdb!j!lblwph!pcmjlb! usfcb!eb!cvef@! !!6:4/!Lblbw!kf!tvo•bop!fmflusj•oj!upqjpojl!j!lblp!tf!lpsjtuj@! !!6:5/!Lblwb!kf!ufnqfsbuvsb!v!tvo•bopn!upqjpojlv@!! !!6:6/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!sf|fulf!Qsplpqpwj•b!j!! Ibofnbob@! !!6:7/!Lblwj!wjepwj!lbwf{b!tf!j{sb}vkv!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! !!6:8/!Lblwv!j{nfov!v!lbwf{v!j{pmbupsv!kf!vwfp!Cfslpwtlj@! !!6:9/!Pe!•fhb!tf!tbtupkj!tubojpmpw!lpnqmfu!{b!pcfmfabwbxf! nbujdb@!! !!6::/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sfgsblupnfubs!j!{b!|ub!tmvaj@! !!711/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nbltjnbmop.njojnbmoj!ufsnpnfubs!j! lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!v!lp|ojdv@! !!712/![b!|ub!tmvaj!|qjsjuvtoj!hpsjpojl!{b!cs{p!efktuwp@! !!713/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!usvmp!eswp!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!714/!Lpkj!nbufsjkbm!qptubwrfo!v!ejnjmjdv!ebkf!ejn!evhp! wsfnf@! !!715/!Lpkj!tv!ofeptubdj!ejnjmjdf!tb!lpaojn!nfipn@! !!716/!Lpkj!tv!opwj!ujqpwj!ejnjmjdf@! !!717/!\ub!kf!bqjejlups@! !!718/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!kf!spkfwlb@! !!719/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!vojwfs{bmob!spkfwlb@!

33


!!71:/!Lpkf!kb•jof!usfcb!eb!kf!fmfluspnpups!pesf}fo!{b! qplsfubxf!dfousjgvhf!lbqbdjufub!5!.–!7!sbnpwb@! !!721/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!blvnvmbups!v!q•fmbsutuwv@! !!722/!\ub!kf!fmflusj•oj!awsl!0fmflusj•oj!vubqb•!ajdf!v! ptopwv0@! !!723/!\ub!kf!eflsjtubmj{bups!nfeb@! !!724/!Lblp!lpsjtujuj!sv•ov!qstlbmjdv!lpe!sbeb!tb!q•fmbnb@! !!725/!\ub!kf!qmpej|uf@! !!726/!Lblwb!kf!lp|ojdb!Spaf!Efmpob@! !!727/!\ub!kf!evcplb!qpexb•b……’@! !!728/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!{b!j{sbev!lp|ojdb@!!! !!729/!Lpkj!tqproj!efp!lp|ojdf!usvmj!cs{p!j!lblp!up!npaf!eb!tf! tqsf•j@! !!72:/!Lpmjlp!usfcb!eb!cvef!sbtupkbxf!pe!epxf!mfuwf!sbnb! qmpej|ub!ep!eob!lp|ojdf@! !!731/![b|up!of!usfcb!eb!tf!ptubwj!nophp!wfmjlp!sbtupkbxf!! j{nf}v!epxji!mfuwjdb!sbnb!j!eob!lp|ojdf@! !!732/!Lblwf!usfcb!eb!tv!sb{nfsf!mfub@! !!733/![b|up!tf!qsfqpsv•vkf!eb!kf!lp|ojdb!tb!epxjn!mfupn@! !!734/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!u{w/!tlmpqjwpn!qsp{psv!ob!lp|ojdj@! !!735/!Eb!mj!kf!ofpqipeop!mfup!ob!nfej|uv@! !!736/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tqsbu!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!737/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!cvef!sbtupkbxf!pe!cp•oji!mfuwjdb!sbnb!ep! {jeb!lp|ojdf@! !!738/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!{b!j{sbev!sbnpwb@! !!739/!Lpkb!kf!pehpwbsbkv~b!efcrjob!{jeb!lp|ojdf@! !!73:/!Lpkj!kf!ujq!lp|ojdf!obkcprj@! !!741/!Lpkfh!qsf•ojlb!tv!pcj•op!puwpsj!{b!ajdv!v!sbnpwjnb!j!lpkj! tv!jn!ofeptubdj@! !!742/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!vsf{jwbxf!ajdf!v!mfuwjdf!sbnpwb! j!qptubwrbxf!kbkb!wp|uboph!nprdb!v!puwpsf!{b!ajdv@! !!743/!Lpkj!pcmjdj!sb{nblb!tv!qp{obuj!j!lpkj!pe!xji!tf!lpsjtuf! ebobt!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !!744/!Lpkj!qpmpabk!tb~b!kf!obkqphpeojkj-!upqmj!jmj!imbeoj@!

34


!!745/!Lpkf!tv!qsfeoptuj!j!ofeptubdj!tubdjpobsoph!j!tfmf~fh! q•fmbstuwb@! !!746/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!lpoufkofs!{b!lp|ojdf@! !!747/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qbwjrpo-!tfmf~j!q•fmjxbl!j!qsjlpmjdb@! !!748/!\ub!kf!sb{wpeojl@! !!749/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sb{wpeojl!{b!nbujdf@! !!74:/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!obkwf~pn!|ufup•jopn!{b!q•fmf@! !!751/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!q•fmb!tv!qp{obuf!j{!lmbtf!pqoplsjmbdb@! !!752/!Lpkj!pqoplsjmdj!tv!cf{pqbtoj!{b!q•fmf@! !!753/!Lblp!q•fmbs!usfcb!!eb!•vwb!q•fmf!pe!nsbwb@! !!754/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tus|rfov@! !!755/!Lblwv!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!oboptj!q•fmjxj!wvl@! !!756/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!{fnof!q•fmf@! !!757/!Lbeb!qbvdj!qsj•jxbwbkv!|ufuv!q•fmbnb@! !!758/!Qptupkj!mj!blbs!)lsqfr*!lpkj!epoptj!lpsjtu!q•fmbnb@! !!759/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf@! !!75:/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tf!isbof!qpmfopn@! !!761/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Wbsspb!kbdpctpoj!@! !!762/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qbqjsopn!mbaopn!|lpsqjpov@! !!763/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!q•fmjxpk!wb|j@! !!764/!Lpmjlp!q•fmjxji!wb|j!npaf!jtupwsfnfop!eb!tf!obtfmj!ob! ufmv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!jmj!ob!nbujdj@! !!765/!V!lpn!tmv•bkv!q•fmjxb!wb|!of!obmb{j!qphpeov!tsfejov!{b! twpk!sb{wpk@! !!766/!Lblwf!qsfwfoujwof!nfsf!usfcb!qsjnfojuj!v!cpscj!tb! q•fmjxpn!wb|j@! !!767/!Lblp!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!q•fmjxf!wb|j@! !!768/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wptlpwpn!nprdv@! !!769/!Lblwb!kf!qptupkboptu!wptlpwph!nprdb!qsj!sb{mj•jujn!!! ufnqfsbuvsbnb@! !!76:/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sbtqp{obkf!afolb!pe!nvakblb!mfqujsb!wptlpwph! nprdb@! !!771/!Qp!•fnv!tf!qp{obkf!eb!mj!v!tb~v!jnb!wptlpwph!nprdb@! !!772/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cjpmp|lpk!cpscj!tb!wptlpwjn!nprdfn@!

35


!!773/!Lblwj!qsfqbsbuj!tf!lpsjtuf!v!cpscj!qspujw!wptlpwph! nprdb@! !!774/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!mfqujs!nsuwb•lb!hmbwb@! !!775/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!vipmbaj!j!|ufuj!pe!xf@! !!776/!Lpkj!tv!ob•joj!{b!voj|ubwbxf!!vipmbab@! !!777/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfopkfev@! !!778/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hscbwpk!nvij@! !!779/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!hsbcrjwpk!nvij@! !!77:/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!tupophf!q•fmbnb@! !!781/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!jotflujnb!j{!qpspejdf!vkfebkv~ji!nsbwb@! !!782/!Eb!mj!tv!pqbtoj!pcbej!{b!q•fmf@! !!783/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!wpefoj!lpxjd@! !!784/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsb{juopk!nvij@! !!785/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cvncbsjnb!uslb•jnb@! !!786/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!pcj•opk!{mbujdj@! !!787/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!lpspkfev@! !!788/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj!pcj•oj!lpapkfe!q•fmbnb!j!lblp!usfcb! eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!tb!xjn@! !!789/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj!q•fmbnb!cvncbs!dsob!nbklb@! !!78:/![b|up!efumj~!cv|j!{je!lp|ojdf@! !!791/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!mbtubwjdf!q•fmbnb@! !!792/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nphv!eb!qptubov!pcjmob!isbob!{b!tfojdf@! !!793/!Tb!lpkjn!efmpn!ufmb!q•fmf!tf!isbof!tfojdf@! !!794/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!dswfopmf}opn!twsb•lv@! !!795/!Lblp!eb!tf!tqsf•j!|ufub!qsj•jxfob!pe!dswfopmf}oph! twsb•lb@! !!796/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!ptpkfev!j!q•fmpkfev@! !!797/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtob!abcb!{b!q•fmf@! !!798/!\ufuj!mj!kfa!q•fmbnb@! !!799/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!kfab!lbeb!tf!ob}f!cmj{v!q•fmjxblb@! !!79:/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!cfmlb!q•fmbnb@! !!7:1/!Lpkf!tv!|ufup•jof!sf{fswf!isbof!ob!q•fmjxblv@! !!7:2/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!voj|ubwbkv!sf{fswf!isbof!q•fmb@! !!7:3/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!qpmfo!voj|ufo!pe!blbsb@!

36


!!7:4/!Vuj•v!mj!blbsj!ob!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! !!7:5/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!voj|ubwbxf!qpmfob!j!nfeb!pe! blbsb@! !!7:6/!Lblp!nphv!eb!tf!voj|ubwbkv!blbsj!lpkj!tf!obmb{f!v!tb~v!tb! qpmfopn!j!nfepn!v!qmpej|uv@! !!7:7/!Lpkb!qmftbo!p|uf~vkf!qpmfo!v!tb~v@! !!7:8/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!nphv!eb!tf!pulsjkv!v!{bnfoj!{b!qpmfo@! !!7:9/!Qp!•fnv!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!mj!v!lp|ojdj!jnb!nj|b!jmj! spw•jdf@! !!7::/!Lblwf!tjhvsoptof!nfsf!usfcb!qsfev{fuj!qspujw!vqbeb! nj|b!v!lp|ojdv@! !!811/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!njlsppshboj{nj@! !!812/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!cblufsjkf@! !!813/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!cbdjmj@! !!814/!\ub!kf!tqpsb!j!lblwv!vmphv!jnb@! !!815/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!wjsvtj@! !!816/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!sbtqp{obkf!mfhmp!vhjovmp!pe!hmbej!!j!{jnf! pe!mfhmb!vhjovmph!pe!{bsb{oji!cpmftuj@!!! !817/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wjsvtopk!jogfldjkj!nf|jobtub!usvmfa@! !818/!Lpkj!njlsppshboj{nj!j{b{jwbkv!cpmftu!fwspqtlb!usvmfa! mfhmb@! !819/!Lpmjlp!evhp!tb•vwbkv!wjsvmfouoptu!j{b{jwb•j!!fwspqtlf! usvmfaj@! !81:/!Lpkf!mfhmp!obkqsf!pcpmj!pe!fwspqtlf!usvmfaj@! !821/!\ub!kf!lbsblufsjtuj•op!{b!cpmftu!fwspqtlb!usvmfa@! !822/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!fwspqtlf!usvmfaJ@! !823/!Lp!kf!j{b{jwb•!bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj!mfhmb@! !824/!V!|ub!tf!qsfuwbsb!tmv{btub!nbufsjkb!pe!usvmji!!!q•fmjxji! mbswj!lpe!pcprfxb!mfhmb!pe!bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj@! !825/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!vhjof!mfhmp!{bsbafop!bnfsj•lpn!usvmfaj@! !826/!Lblp!qptuvqjuj!lbeb!tf!vuwsej!qptupkbxf!cpmftuj! bnfsj•lb!usvmfa@! !827/!\ub!kf!sjlfdjp{b@! !828/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsbujgv!lpe!q•fmb@!

37


!829/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!op{fnbup{j@! !82:/!Lpkb!mflpwjub!tsfetuwb!tf!lpsjtuf!lpe!mf•fxb!op{fnbup{f! q•fmb@! !831/!Lblp!tf!ep{jsb!gvnbhjmjo!EDI@! !832/!Lblp!tf!ws|j!ef{jogfldjkb!tb~b!qptmf!mjlwjejsbxb! op{fnbup{of!jogfldjkf@! !833/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!tsfexf!dsfwp!{esbwf!q•fmf!j! cpmftof!pe!op{fnbup{f@! !834mf!vcpeb!q•fmf@!/!\ub!cjwb!tb!nbujdpn!{bsbafopn! op{fnbup{pn@! !835/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!bnfcopk!jogfldjkj!q•fmb@! !836/![b|up!nbujdb!of!pcpmfwb!pe!bnfcof!jogfldjkf@! !837/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cpmftuj!blbsp{b@! !838/!Lpkj!tv!{obdj!blbsp{f@! !839/!Lblp!tf!qsp|jsvkf!blbsp{b@! !83:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!qsp|jsjwbxf!blbsp{f!v! of{bsbafof!pcmbtuj@! !841/!Ob!•fnv!tf!{btojwb!cjpmp|lb!nfupeb!{b!mf•fxf!blbsp{f!!j! lblwj!tv!sf{vmubuj!pe!xfof!qsjnfof@! !842/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Qfejdvmpjeft!wfousjdptvt@! !843/!Lblwb!kf!cpmftu!qjfnpup{b!j!|ub!kf!j{b{jwb@! !844/!Lblwj!tv!{obdj!qjfnpup{f@! !845/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtbo!j{b{jwb•!qjfnpup{f!{b!q•fmbsb@! !846/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtbo!j{b{jwb•!qjfnpup{f!{b!epnb~f!ajwpujxf@! !847/!Lblwf!nfsf!usfcb!qsfev{fuj!lpe!pcprfxb!q•fmb!pe! qjfnpup{f@! !848/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wbspbup{j@! !849/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!j{b{jwb•!blbsp{f@! !84:/!Lblwb!kf!cjpmphjkb!j{b{jwb•b!wbspbup{f@! !851/!Lpmjlp!blbsb!npaf!eb!tf!pulsjkf!v!lp|ojdj!lpe!!pcprfxb! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!pe!wbspbup{f@! !852/!Qp!lpmjlp!blbsb!npaf!eb!tf!pulsjkf!ob!kfeopk!q•fmj!lpe! pcprfxb!wbspbup{f@!

38


!853/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!blbsb!j{b{jwb•b!cpmftuj! wbspbup{f@! !854/!Lpkb!kf!pqujnbmob!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!sb{wpk!j{b{jwb•b! wbspbup{f@! !855/!Ob!lpmjlp!sbtupkbxf!j!{b!lpkf!wsfnf!tf!qsp|jsvkf!! wbspbup{b@! !856/!Lpkj!tv!{obdj!eb!tv!q•fmf!pcpmfmf!pe!wbspbup{f@! !857/!Lpkb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!q•fmb!{bsbafoji!wbspbup{pn@! !858/!Lblp!{bsbafoptu!wbsppn!vuj•f!ob!puqpsoptu!q•fmb!qsfnb! esvhjn!cpmftujnb@! !859/!Lblwb!kf!qsphop{b!lpe!pcprfxb!q•fmb!pe!wbspbup{f@! !85:/!Lblwb!kf!joufo{jwoptu!jowb{jkf!lpe!wbspbup{f@! !861/!Lblp!tf!ejkbhoptujdjsb!wbspbup{b@! !862/!Lblwf!nfsf!usfcb!eb!tf!qsfev{jnbkv!{b!cpscv!qspujw! wbspbup{f@! !863/!Lpkb!mflpwjub!tsfetuwb!tf!lpsjtuf!lpe!pcprfxb!q•fmb!pe! wbspbup{f@! !864/!P!•fnv!usfcb!wpejuj!sb•vob!lpe!cpscf!qspujw!wbspbup{f…@! !865/!\ub!kf!nsbwrb!ljtfmjob!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !866/!\ub!kf!pltbmob!ljtfmjob!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@!!! !867/!\ub!kf!ujnpm!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv…@! !868/!\ub!kf!LBT.92!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@!!!! !869/!Lblwj!gj{j•lj!vujdbkj!tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!v!cpscj!qspujw! wbspbup{f@! !86:/!Lpkj!kf!obkfgjlbtojkj!cjpmp|lj!nfupe!{b!cpscv!qspujw! wbspbup{f@! !871/!Eb!mj!sbn!hsb}fwxbl!wsfej!lpsjtujuj@! !872/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cpmftuj!nfmbop{b@! !873/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qmftoj!j!cpmftunb!lpe!q•fmb@! !874/!\ub!kf!lsf•op!mfhmp@! !875/!\ub!kf!lbnfop!mfhmp@! !876/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!tb~fn!v!lpnf!tf!vqmftojwjp!qpmfo@! !877/!Lblp!obtubkf!dsob!cpmftu!lpe!q•fmb@! !878/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfqujifnjkj!q•fmb@!

39


!879/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wjsvtopk!qbsbmj{j!q•fmb@! !87:/!\ub!kf!njb{b@! !881/!Lpkj!tv!tqprb|xj!{obdj!ejkbsfkf!lpe!q•fmb@! !882/!Lblp!obtubkf!{buwps!lpe!q•fmb@! !883/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!nbtopk!efhfofsbdjkj!kbkoji!dfw•jdb!lpe! nbujdf@! !884/!\ub!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf!{b•fqrfxf!kbkpwpeb!lpe!nbujdf@! !885/!Qptupkf!mj!q•fmf!bmcjoptj@! !886/!Jnb!mj!q•fmb!ljlmpqb@! !887/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!nsuwb!kbkb@! !888/!\ub!kf!nsuwp!mfhmp@! !889/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!pcsovup!mfhmp@! !88:/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!joevtusjktlpn!uspwbxv!q•fmb@! !891/!Lblp!tf!pesbabwb!{bhb}fxf!plpmof!tsfejof!ob!q•fmf@! !892/!\ub!j{b{jwb!uspwbxf!isbopn!lpe!q•fmb@! !893/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!eb!qsfoftv!v!nfe!njlsppshboj{nf!j{b{jwb•f! {bsb{oji!cpmftuj@! !894/!Tb!•jnf!tf!pcsb}vkv!lpaof!q•fmbstlf!svlbwjdf@!! !895/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!gptgpsob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !896/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!tvnqpsob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !897/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!tjs~fuob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !898/![b|up!of!usfcb!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!|bmjusb!v!ejnjmjdj@! !899/!Lpkj!qsfqbsbu!usfcb!eb!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs!{b!ef{jogfldjkv! svlv@! !89:/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qsfqbsbu!gspv@! !8:1/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!tvnqpsb!kf!ofpqipeob!eb!cj!tf!voj|ujmf! mbswf!j!mfqujsj!wptlpwph!nprdb@! !8:2/!Lblp!tfqsjqsfnb!21&!sbtuwps!gpsnbmjob@! !8:3/!Lblp!j!tb!•jn!tf!ef{jogjlvkv!lp|ojdf!lpe!qpopwof! vqpusfcf@! !8:4/!\ub!kf!gpmcflt@! !8:5/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!bstfopltjeb!kf!tnsupoptob!{b!q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! !8:6/!Lblbw!vujdbk!qplb{vkv!hbtpwj!ob!q•fmf@!

40


!8:7/!Lblp!tf!tuwbsb!sbktlj!hbt!j!lblwv!qsjnfov!jnb!v! q•fmbstuwv@!!!!! !8:8/V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!pqjkbkv!q•fmf@! !8:9/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!usfcb!eb!usbkf!pqjkfop!tubxf!q•fmb!qsj!! lpsj|~fxv!sbktlph!hbtb@! !8::/!Lblp!eb!tf!tb•vwbkv!lp|ojdf!pe!cvncbsb!eswpkfeb@! !911/!\ub!kf!ufsbnjdjo@! !912/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!plup{bou@! !913/![b!|ub!kf!cjp!lpsj|~fo!impspgpsn!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !914/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!gfopujkb{jo@! !915/!\ub!usfcb!eb!jnb!bqpuflb!q•fmbsb@! !916/!Lblp!tf!pesbabwb!ob!q•fmf!lpsj|~fxf!ifnjktlji! tsfetubwb!{b!{b|ujuv!cjrblb@! !917/!Lpkj!qftujdjej!tv!obkpqbtojkj!{b!q•fmf@! !918/!Lblp!efmvkv!ob!q•fmf!ofswopqbsbmjuj•lj!qftujdjej@! !919/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!v{spdj!{b!nbtpwop!uspwbxf!q•fmf!! qftujdjejnb@! !91:/!_jnf!~f!eb!cvev!{bnfxfob!ifnjktlb!tsfetuwb!lpsj|~fob!{b! voj|ubwbxf!|ufup•job!v!tfptljn!epnb~jotuwjnb@! !921/!Eb!mj!lpsjtujuj!sb{of!cjrlf!v!{b|ujuj!j!mf•fxv!q•fmb@! !922/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!nfeb!{b!•pwflb@! !923/!Lpkf!tv!mflpwjuf!ep{f!nfeb!{b!pestmf!j!{b!efdv@! !924/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!nfeb!{b!sb{wpk!pepk•bej@! !925/!Lblp!tf!tqsbwrb!nfefoj!cvufs@! !926/!Lpmjlp!evhp!tf!npaf!p•vwbuj!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! !927/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!nfe@! !928/![b|up!lsjtubmj|f!nfe@! !929/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!wfmj•job!lsjtubmb!lpe! lsvqop{sobtuph!nfeb@!! !92:/![b!|ub!kf!ofpqipeob!q•fmbsv!•fmj•ob!mpqbujdb@!! !931/!Lblp!kf!dfxfo!qbtufsj{pwbo!nfe@! !932/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!lpmj•job!tbibsp{f!v!nfev@! !933/!Qsfnb!lblwjn!qplb{bufrjnb!tf!pesf}vkf!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! !934/!\ub!kf!pltjgmbwpo@!

41


!935/!Lblp!tf!petusbxvkv!qsjnftf!j{!nfeb@! !936/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!{ob!p!ubnopn!|vntlpn!nfev@! !937/!Eb!mj!kf!nferjlb!qspj{wpe!ajwpuof!blujwoptuj!tbnp! wb|j@! !938/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!ojtlpnpmflvmoph!oflubstlph!nfeb! j!wjtplpnpmflvmof!nferjlf@! !939/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!efltusjojnb!lpkj!tf!tbesaf!v!nfev@! !93:/!\ub!kf!lbsblufsjtuj•op!{b!nfe!pe!wsftlb@! !941/!Lblp!tf!hvtu!nfe!v•joj!uf•ojn@! !942/!\ub!kf!hmjlvujgblups@! !943/!Lblp!npaf!hvtu!nfe!eb!cvef!uf•bo@! !944/![b|up!tf!ebkf!qsfeoptu!uf•opn!nfev@! !945/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!lbsbnfmj{jsboj!nfe@! !946/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!bspnb!j!vlvt!nfeb@! !947/!Lpkj!nfe!kf!obkbspnbuj•ojkj@! !948/!Lpmjlp!qvub!kfeob!q•fmb!usfcb!eb!epoftf!isbov!v!~fmjkv! q•fmf!sbejmjdf!eb!cj!kf!obqvojmb@! !949/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!tvwp!j!nplsp!{buwbsbxf!nfeb!v!~fmjkbnb! tb~b@! !94:/!Npaf!mj!nfepn!eb!tf!ofvusbmj|f!efktuwp!bmlpipmb!lpe! •pwflb@! !951/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!nfefop!wjop@! !952/!Pe!•fhb!npaf!eb!tf!qphps|b!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! !953/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!qsjspeoj!qspj{wpe!nferjlb@! !954/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!mj!kf!nfe!cjp!gbmtjgjlpwbo! epebwbxfn!tjoufuj•lj!jowfsupwboph!|f~fsb@! !955/!\ub!qpkb•bwb!mflpwjup!efktuwp!nfeb@! !956/!Eb!mj!kf!nfe!isbob!jmj!mfl@! !957/!Lpkj!tbtupkdj!nfeb!qpnbav!tojabwbxv!lswoph!qsjujtlb!lpe! •pwflb@! !958/!Sb{sf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!nfe!{jnj!qsf!ofhp!hb!jtlpsjtuf@! !959/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!wptbl!j!lblp!tf!epcjkb@! !95:/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!tbtupkdj!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! !961/!Lpe!lpkf!ufnqfsbuvsf!q•fmf!mv•f!wptbl@!

42


!962/!Lpmjlp!wptlb!qspj{wfef!kfeop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !963/!Lpmjlp!ufaj!2!en/!lvcoj!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! !964/!Qsj!lpkpk!ufnqfsbuvsj!wptbl!qp•jxf!eb!tf!upqj!j!lblbw!kf! tufqfo!tlvqrbxb@! !965/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! !966/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!opwp!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! !967/!\ub!kf!qpws|job!wptlb!j!lpkji!sb{nfsb!usfcb!eb!cvef@! !968/!Lpkj!kf!v{spl!qpkbwf!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!lwbesbuof!gpsnf@! !969/!Lblp!tf!epcjkb!wptbl!pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !96:/!Lbeb!tf!v!q•fmbstuwv!lpsjtuj!wsv~!uf•oj!wptbl@! !971/!Lblwb!tv!qsfjnv~tuwb!tbuoji!ptopwb!tb!vwf~bojn! ~fmjkbnb@! !972/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!tbuof!ptopwf!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuf@! !973/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ptopwj!j{sb}fopk!pe!opwpevsb@! !974/!Lpmjlp!sbejmj•lji!~fmjkb!jnb!ob!2en/!lwbesbuoj!tbuof!! ptopwf@! !975/!Lpkf!tbuof!ptopwf!tv!qphpeojkf!mjwfof!jmj!wbrbof@/! !976/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsgpsjsbojn!tbuojn!ptopwbnb/@! !977/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nf}vqsptupsoj!tmpk!qsj!qspj{wpexj!! tbuof!ptopwf!j!lblp!tf!epcjkb@! !978/![b!|ub!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!tlspc!pe!lspnqjsb!!v!! q•fmbstuwv@! !979/!Lpkj!sbtuwbsb•j!tf!lpsjtuf!{b!qpuqvov!ftusbldjkv! )j{wmb•fxf*!q•fmjxfh!wptlb!j{!tb~b@! !97:/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!wptlpwbsjob@! !981/!Pe!lbeb!tf!lpsjtuf!bqbsbuj!{b!j{sbev!tbuoji!ptopwb@! !982/![b!|ub!q•fmbs!lpsjtuj!lpncjopwboj!awsl@! !983/!Hef!tf!kp|!lpsjtuj!•jtu!q•fmjxj!wptbl@! !984/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!ifnjktlph!j!qsjspeoph! qsf•j|~bwbxb!)j{cfrjwbxb*!wptlb@! !985/!Pe!•fhb!q•fmjxj!wptbl!epcjkb!sb{mj•juf!ojkbotf!cpkf@! !986/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!petusboj!tjwlbtub!ojkbotb!tb!q•fmjxfh! wptlb@!

43


!987/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!sb{mjlvkf!gbmtjgjlpwboj!pe!!qsjspeoph! q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! !988/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!ufnqfsbuvsb!upqrfxb!q•fmjxfh!! wptlb@! !989/!Tb!•jn!tf!obk•f|~f!gbmtjgjlvkf!q•fmjxj!wptbl@! !98:/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!njsjt!j{hpsfmph!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! !991/!Lblp!tf!wptbl!npaf!p•jtujuj!pe!qsrbw|ujof@! !992/![b!|ub!tf!twf!lpsjtuj!wptbl@! !993/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!qpmfob!{b!q•fmf@! !994/!Lpkv!lpmj•jov!qpmfob!lpo{vnjsb!opsnbmop!q•fmjxf!! esv|uwp!{b!hpejov!ebob@! !995/!Lbeb!kf!qpmfo!{sfp@! !996/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!lwbmjufu!qpmfob!j!xfhpwf!{bnfof@! /997/!Lbeb!tf!lpsjtuf!{bnfof!{b!qpmfo@! !998/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!qpmfob!kf!qpusfcob!{b!pehbkbxf!kfeof!q•fmf! j!lpmjlp!qpmfob!tlmbej|uf!q•fmf!v!kfeopk!lp|ojdj@! !999/![|up!q•fmf!tlmbej|uf!qpmfo!tbnp!v!~fmjkf!q•fmb!! sbejmjdb@! !99:/!_jnf!q•fmb!wbej!qpmfo!lpkj!kf!tblvqjmb!v!~fmjkf@! !9:1/!Hvcj!mj!qpmfo!isborjwv!wsfeoptu!qsj!evhpusbkopn!•vwbxv@! !9:2/!\ub!tbesaj!pnpub•!qpmfopwph!{sob@! !9:3/!Lpkb!tv!mflpwjub!twpktuwb!qpmfob@! !9:4/!Lblp!qpmfo!efmvkf!ob!pqpsbwbl!pshboj{nb@! !9:5/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!nophp!wfmjlji!lpmj•job!qpmfob!v! qmpej|uv!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !9:6/!V!lpkjn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!jnb!nbmji!{bmjib!qpmfob!v! lp|ojdj!j!{b|up@! !9:7/!Npaf!mj!qpmfo!eb!tf!{bnfoj!tb!tvwjn!pcf{nb|~fojn!! nmflpn@! !9:8/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!usbhpwb!twfafh!qpmfob!v!obtubwlv! lp|ojdf@! !9:9/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tlmbej|uf!qpmfo!v!obtubwdjnb!lp|ojdf@! !9::/!\ub!kf!wjtdjo@!

44


!:11/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!j{wbej!j{!~fmjkf!qpmfo!lpkj!kf!ptubp!pe! qsfeipeof!hpejof!b!eb!tf!of!qpwsfej!tb~f@! !:12/!Lpmjlp!qsb|ojlpwji!{sob!npaf!eb!qsfoftf!kfeob!q•fmb@! !:13/!Lblp!tf!pcsb{vkv!mpqujdf!pe!qpmfob!ob!hsvejnb!q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! !:14/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{fswjsb!twfaj!qpmfo@! !:15/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!qpmfo!pesf}fo!{b!pqsb|jwbxf@! !9:2/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!qpmfo@! !:16/!Lbeb!q•fmf!epoptf!obkwf~v!lpmj•jov!qpmfob!v!lp|ojdv@! !:17/!Lpmjlp!q•fmb!epoftf!qpmfob!v!lp|ojdv!{b!kfebo!ebo!j! vlpkpk!lpmj•joj@! !:18/!Ob!lpn!sbtupkbxv!pe!lp|ojdf!j!v!lpn!tufqfov!q•fmf!! pqsb|vkv!dwfupwf!cjrblb@! !:19/!Lblbw!kf!sf{vmubu!pqsb|jwbxb!dwfupwb!isbtub!ob!sb{ojn! sbtupkbxjnb!pe!q•fmjxblb@! !:1:/!Lpkj!qspdfobu!pe!vlvqoph!cspkb!pqsb|foji!dwfupwb!kf! v•f|~f!q•fmb@! !:21/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{fswjsb!qpmfo!ob!u{w/!tvw!ob•jo@! !:22/!Lblp!tf!v!TBE!qsjqsfnb!qvopwsfeob!{bnfob!{b!qpmfo@! !:23/!Lpmjlj!kf!tbesabk!cfmbo•fwjob!v!qpmfov@! !:24/!Jnbkv!mj!q•fmf!j{mfuojdf!pshbo!lpkjn!nphv!sb{mjlpwbuj! qpmfo!pe!xfhpwf!{bnfof@! !:25/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!″cpmftu!sphpwb″!j!″cpmftu!qfuf″!lpe! q•fmf@! !:26/!\ub!kf!qspqpmjt@! !:27/!Lbeb!j!lblp!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!″tjspwjov″!{b!qspqpmjt@! !:28/!Lblwp!kf!efktuwp!qspqpmjtb!ob!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! !:29/!Lbeb!j!{b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!qspqpmjt!v!lp|ojdj@! !:2:/![b!|ub!kf!cjp!lpsj|~fo!qspqpmjt!v!qsp|mptuj@! !:31/!Lblwp!kf!mflpwjup!efktuwp!qspqpmjtb@! !:32/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!qspqpmjt!v!mf•fxv@! !:33/!Lpkj!mflpwjuj!qsfqbsbuj!tv!j{sb}foj!pe!qspqpmjtb@! !:34/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!q•fmjxj!nmf•!j!lblwb!tv!nv!gj{j•lb!! twpktuwb@!

45


!:35/!Lblbw!kf!ifnjktlj!tbtubw!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@! !:36/!V!•fnv!tf!sbtuwbsb!q•fmjxj!nmf•@! !:38/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!sb{vnf!qpe!mjpgjmj{bdjkb!q•fmjxfh!! nmf•b@! !:39/!Lpkj!q•fmjxj!nmf•!kf!fgjlbtojkj!twfa!jmj!mjpgjmj{pwbo/! !:3:/!\ub!kf!bdfujmipmjo@! !:41/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!wfmjlb!lpmj•job!nmf•b!{b! gbsnbdfvutlf!qpusfcf@! !:42/!Lblp!tf!gjmusjsb!)qsf•j|~bwb*!q•fmjxj!nmf•!qptmf!! wb}fxb!j{!nbuj•xblb@! !:43/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!•vwb!q•fmjxj!nmf•@! !:44/!Lpkj!mflpwj!tf!qspj{wpef!pe!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@! !:45/!Lpmjlp!kf!nmf•!wsfeob!nbufsjkb!{b!•pwflb@! !:46/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!puspw!j!lblbw!nv!kf!ifnjktlj!tbtubw@! !:47/!Lblp!tf!epcjkb!q•fmjxj!puspw@! !:48/!Lpmjlp!hsbnb!tvwph!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!pe! kfeoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!qsj!kfeoplsbuopn!tblvqrbxv!j! lpmjlp!q•fmb!kf!qpusfcop!{b!epcjkbxf!2!lh/!•jtuph! q•fmjxfh!puspwb@! !:49/!Eb!mj!kf!q•fmjxj!puspw!cblufsjdjebo@! !:4:/!\ub!kf!mplbmob!b!|ub!pq|ub!upltj•ob!sfbldjkb!ob!vcpe! q•fmf@! !:51/!Lpmjlp!qptupkj!tufqfoj!bmfshjktlf!sfbldjkf@! !:52/!\ub!kf!tqfdjgj•ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@! !:53/!\ub!kf!oftqfdjgj•ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@! !:54/!Lpmjlp!vcpeb!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf!tnsu!lpe!•pwflb@! !:55/!Lblp!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!pe!vcpeb!q•fmb@! !:56/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!vsbej!lpe!vcpeb!q•fmf@! !:57/!Ob!lblbw!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!qpkbwb!bmfshjktlf! sfbldjkf!qptmf!vcpeb!q•fmf@! !:58/!Tb!lpkjn!ifnjktljn!qsfqbsbujnb!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!pupl! lpkj!tf!qpkbwj!qpt! !:59/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!tbesabk!puspwb!v!puspwopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@!

46


!:5:/!Eb!mj!vcpe!q•fmf!j{b{jwb!tbnp!cpm!jmj!jnb!j!oflblwp! lpsjtop!efktuwp@! !:61/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!{b!nfejdjov@! !:62/!Lpe!lpkji!cpmftuj!tf!lpsjtuf!mflpwj!lpkj!tbesaf!q•fmjxj! puspw!j!nfe@! !:63/!Lbeb!kf!obtubmp!q•fmbstuwp@! !:64/!Ob!lpkjn!lpoujofoujnb!qswpcjuop!ojkf!cjmp!q•fmb@! !:65/!Lbeb!tv!q•fmf!qsfofuf!v!Bvtusbmjkv@! !:66/!Lpkj!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!kf!obktubsjkj@! !:67/!Lblbw!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!tv!lpsjtujmj!Tubsj!Tmpwfoj@! !:68/!Lbeb!tf!qpkbwjmp!epnb~f!q•fmbstuwp@! !:69/!Lbeb!kf!ptopwbob!qswb!q•fmbstlb!pshboj{bdjkb@! !:6:/!Lbeb!j!hef!tv!cjmj!pesaboj!twftmpwfotlj!lpohsftj! q•fmbsb@! !:71/!\ub!kf!Bqjnpoejkb@! !:72/!Lpkj!tv!{bebdj!Bqjnpoejkf@! !:73/!Lbeb!j!hef!tv!pesaboj!nf}vobspeoj!lpohsftj!q•fmbsb@!! !:74/!Lblwf!qpnp~of!pshboj{bdjkf!tv!ptopwbof!v!Bqjnpoejkj@! !:75/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Ebebov@! !:76/!Lp!kf!Evmjum@! !:77/!Lp!kf!]fs{po@! !:78/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Hfstuvohv@! !:79/!Lp!kf!Ivcfs@! !:7:/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!\boepsv@! !:81/!Qp!•fnv!kf!qp{obu!Mbohtuspu@! !:82/!Lp!kf!Qsplpqpwj•@! !:83/!Qp!•fnv!kf!qp{obu!Qpmufw@! !:84/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Bebnfdv@! !:85/!\ub!kf!vuwsejp!Npsj{@! !:86/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Bncsvtufsv@! !:87/!\ub!kf!vtubopwjp!Lpi@! !:88/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!qspobmb{b•fn!dfousjgvhf!{b!nfe@! !:89/!Lp!kf!uwpsbd!tbuof!ptopwf@! !:8:/!Lp!kf!qspobmb{b•!lmjobtuji!sb{nblb@!

47


!:91/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Ubsbopwv@! !:92/!Lpkj!obv•ojdj!tv!tf!{bojnbmj!{b!nfsfxf!ufnqfsbuvsf!v! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! !:93/!Lp!kf!Twbnfsebn@! !:94/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Cfsumpv@! !:95/!Lpmjlj!kf!cspk!q•fmbsb!v!twfuv@! !:96/!Lpmjlj!kf!qsjcmjabo!cspk!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!v!twfuv@! !:97/!Lblwb!kf!sbtqpefmb!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!qp!qpkfejojn! esabwbnb@! !:98/!Lblwb!kf!joufo{jwoptu!sb{wpkb!q•fmbstuwb!v!qpkfejojn! esabwbnb@! !:99/!Lpkf!lpmj•jof!nfeb!tf!qspj{wfev!v!twfuv@! !:9:/!Lpkf!esabwf!tv!ptopwoj!j{wp{ojdj!nfeb@! !::1/!Lpkb!esabwf!vwp{f!obkwf~f!lpmj•jof!nfeb@! !::2/!Lblwb!kf!twfutlb!qspevlujwoptu!nfeb!qp!kfeopn!q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv@! !::3/!Hef!kf!qptujhovub!obkwf~b!qspj{wpexb!nfeb!pe!kfeoph!! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! !::4/!Lpkf!kf!kfeop!pe!obkwf}ji!q•fmbstlji!qsfev{f~b!v!twfuv@! !::5/!Lblbw!tjtufn!q•fmbstuwb!kf!qsjiwb~fo!v!esabwbnb!hef!kf!ub! pcmbtu!kblp!sb{wjkfob@! !::6/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!!qpe!nophpesv|uwfojn!pehbkbxfn! q•fmb@! !::7/![b|up!tf!qprpqsjwsfeojdj!of!cbwf!blujwop!q•fmbstuwpn@! !::8/!Lphb!npafnp!tnbusbuj!{b!q•fmbsb@! !::9/![ob!mj!jtlvtoj!q•fmbs!twf!p!q•fmbstuwv@! !:::/!Eb!mj!q•fmbsj!usfcb!eb!•jubkv@! 2111/![b!lphb!kf!cbwrfxf!q•fmbstuwpn!pqbtop@!

48


Q•fmf! Q•fmf! !! Q•fmf!sbejmjdf! Q•fmf!sbejmjdf! !! 2/!Eb!mj!kf!qsbwjmbo!ob{jw!nfepoptob!q•fmb@! 2/!Eb!mj!kf!qsbwjmbo!ob{jw!nfepoptob!q•fmb@! Lbsm!Mjof!kf!2869/!hpejof!ob{wbp!q•fmv!Bqjt!nfmmjgfsb!|up! cvlwbmop! {ob•j! nfepoptob! q•fmb! )tm/2*/! Usj! hpejof! lbtojkf! kf! qsfempajp! qspnfov! ob! Bqjt! nfmmjgjlb! q•fmb! lpkb! qspj{wpej! nfe-! |up! kf! ub•op-! kfs! q•fmb! of! optj! nfe-! tfn! lpe! lsb}f-! b! qspj{wpej! hb! pe! oflubsb! tblvqrfoph! j{! dwfupwb! ob! cjrlbnb/! Lpohsft!•fiptmpwb•lji!{ppmphb!v!hsbev! Pqbwb-! vnftup! eb! {bnfoj! qswpcjuoj! ofub•oj! ob{jw! tb! opwjn-! sf|bwb! eb! vuwsej!cb|!Bqjt!nfmmjgfsb/!! Tm/2!Q•fmb!sbejmjdb! ! 3/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!q•fmf!mfuj@! 3/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!q•fmf!mfuj@! Mfuj! q•fmb! ajwj! sfmbujwop! lsbulp/! Ob! evajov! xfoph! ajwpub! vuj•f! xfo! gj{jpmp|lj! tbtubw! )lpkj! {bwjtj! pe! cmj{jof! wpef-!qpmfob!j!oflubsb*-!kb•job!wfusb!-!ufnqfsbuvsb!wb{evib!j!v! wfmjlpk!nfsj!obtmfeof!ptpcjof/!Pe!{ob•bkb!kf! j!lwbmjufu!isbof! lpkv!kf!q•fmb!epcjkbmb!v!tubejkvnb!mbswf/! ! 4/!Lpmjlp!evhp!ajwj!q•fmb!qptmf!vcpeb@! 4/!Lpmjlp!evhp!ajwj!q•fmb!qptmf!vcpeb@! Qptmf!vcpeb!q•fmb!ptubkf!cf{!abplf!-!mfuj!j{wftop!wsfnf! j! vhjof/! V! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! pob! ojkf! qpafrob! j! esvhf! q•fmp! ojtv! esvafrvcjwf! qsfnb! xpk/! Qsj! pqjuv! tb! qfu! q•fmb-! lpkf! tv! qptmf! vcpeb! )ptubmf! cf{! abplf*! cjmf! tubwrfof! v! lbwf{! j! wsb~fof!v!esv|uwp-!vuws}fop!kf!eb!tv!ajwfmf!7-!49-!:7!j!213!tbub! qsjnbkv~j!isbov!lsp{!nsfav!ob!lbwf{v!lpkpn!tv!cjmf!{b|uj~fof/! Q•fmb!vcpefob!pe!esvhf!q•fmf!vhjof!penbi/!! !

49


! 5/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!ajwj!q•fmb!cf{!isbof@!! 5/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!ajwj!q•fmb!cf{!isbof@!! Evajob! ajwpub! q•fmf-! mj|fof! isbof-! {bwjtj! pe! xfof! tubsptuj!j!pe!ufnqfsbuvsf!plpmjof/!Vuws}fop!kf! eb!q•fmb!ajwj! obkevaf! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 27-6°T! b! obklsb~f! lpe! 47°T/! Obisbxfob!q•fmb!ajwj!cf{!isbof!pe!32!ep!245!tbub/!Q•fmf!lbe! j{mfuf!j{!lp|ojdf!nphv!eb!j{esaf!hmbe!pe!5!ep!28!tbuj!b!nmbef! q•fmf!pe!8!ep!222!tbuj-!qsj!•fnv!kf!ufnqfsbuvsb!pe!pemv•vkv~fh! {ob•bkb/! !! 6/! Lpkf! ufnqfsbuvsf! tv! pqbtof! {b! ajwpu! q•fmf! j! lblwf! tv! qptmfejdf!pe!xji@! qptmfejdf!pe!xji@! Q•fmb! vhjof! lpe! ufnqfsbuvsf! ojaf! pe! 9°T/! Lpe! ufnqfsbuvsf!wj|f!pe!49°T-!qp•jxf!eb!vhjxb!mfhmp!b!qsflp!51°T! vhjxbwb!dfmp!esv|uwp/! !!! 7/!Lpmjlp!evhp!nphv!eb!j{esaf!q•fmf!j{pmpwbof!)qptubwrfof!qp! 7/!Lpmjlp!evhp!nphv!eb!j{esaf!q•fmf!j{pmpwbof!)qptubwrfof!qp! 31. 31.41!v!lbwf{v*!qsj!ojtlpk!ufnqfsbuvsj!j!v{!qsjtvtuwp!epwprof! lpmj•jof!isbof@! lpmj•jof!isbof@ !J{pmpwbof!q•fmf!qsj!ufnqfsfuvsj!7.9°T!j{esaf!5.:!ebob! b!qsj!2.4°T!tbnp!3!ebob/!Up!usfcb!eb!tf!jnb!v!wjev!qsj!usotqpsuv! nbujdb!)qptmbuji!v!esvhp!nftup*/! !! 8/!Lpkf!q•fmf!qsfajwf!{jnv@! 8/!Lpkf!q•fmf!qsfajwf!{jnv@! Tlpsp!twf!q•fmf!j{mfafof!v!bwhvtuv!j!qp•fulpn!tfqufncsb! qsfajwf! {jnv! b! nophf! pe! xji! ptubov! ajwf! tlpsp! ep! nbkb/! Sf{vmubuj! jtqjujwbxb! ob! Ibslpwtlpn! obv•opjtusbajwb•lpn! jotujuvuv! {b! q•fmbstuwp! qplb{vkv! eb! mfup! of! epajwf;! 71-9&! pe! q•fmb! j{mfafoji! ep! 37/! kvmb<! 28-6&! pe! q•fmb! j{mfafoji! v! qfsjpev!pe!38/!kvmb!ep!37/!bwhvtub<!22-7&!pe!q•fmb!j{mfafoji!v! qfsjpev! pe! 38/! bwhvtub! ep! 8/! tfqufncsb<! 41&! pe! q•fmb! j{mfafoji!v!qfsjpev!pe!9/!tfqufncsb!ep!24/!plupcsb/!)tm/3*/! !

50


! Tm/!3/!Hsbgj•lp!!qsfetubwrbxf!qpmbhbxb!kbkb!nbujdf/!

! 9/!Lpkpn!cs{jopn!mfuj!q•fmb@! 9/!Lpkpn!cs{jopn!mfuj!q•fmb@! Cs{job! qsj! qpmfubxv! q•fmf! {bwjtj! pe! nophp! •jojmbdb! b! obkwj|f! pe! cs{jof! wfusb! v! tvtsfu-! ufajof! isbof-! oflubsb-! qpmfob-! qspqpmjtb! j! wpef! b! j! pe! sbtukbxb! ep! j{wpsb! isbof-! tubxb! lsjmb! j! tubsptuj! q•fmf/! Qsj! ofqpwprojn! lmjnbutljn! vtmpwjnb!cs{job!mfub!eptujaf!kfewb!31!ln0•bt/!b!qsj!qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! 35ln0•bt/! |up! pehpwbsb! cs{joj! 6-6! ep! 7-8! n0tfl/! P•jhmfeop!kf!eb!kf!cftlpsjtop!qsbujuj!spk!lpkj!kf!j{mfufp/! !

51


:/! Lpkb! lpmj•job! isbof! kf! qpusfcob! kfeopk! kfeopk! q•fmj! eb! tbwmbeb! sbtupkbxf!!2ln@! sbtupkbxf!!2ln@ Lpmj•job! isbof! {bwjtj! pe! upwbsb! lpkj! optj! q•fmb! j! pe! wfusb! v! tvtsfu/! Qsfnb! qpebdjnb! tqspwfefoji! jtusbajwbxb-! eb! tf!tbwmbeb!sbtupkbxf!pe!2ln/!q•fmj!kf!qpusfcop!3.51!njmjhsbnb! nfeb/!Fup!{b|up!lp|ojdf!usfcb!eb!cvev!qptubwrfof!|up!cmjaf! qb|j/! ! 21/! Lpmjlp! qpmfub! ob! ebo! usfcb! eb! j{ws|j! kfeob! q•fmb! eb! cj! qsfofmb!2!m/!wpef!v!lp|ojdv@! qsfofmb!2!m/!wpef!v!lp|ojdv@ Eb!cj!qsfofmb!kfebo!mjubs!wpef!v!lp|ojdv!q•fmb!usfcb!eb! j{ws|j!plp!31/111!qpmfub/!Blp!tf!v{nf!eb!mfuj!tb!qvojn!nfeojn! nfivspn! )71! nn! lvcoji*-! {b! epop|fxf! 2! mjusb! wpef! ! ub! q•fmb! usfcb!eb!j{ws|j!28/111!qpmfub/! ! 22/!Lpmjlp!qvub!ob!ebo!q•fmb!j{mf~f!j{!lp|ojdf!v!wsfnf!hmbwof! qb|f@! qb|f@! Cspk! j{mfub! {bwjtj! pe! ebrjof! qb|f-! pe! eptuvqoptuj-! lpmj•jof!j!hvtujof!oflubsb!v!dwfupwjnb-!pe!lmjnbutlji!vtmpwb! j! es/! Vuws}fop! kf! ob! qsjnfs! eb! q•fmf-! lpkf! tblvqrbkv! oflubs! sfqjdf! ob! sbtupkbxv! 311.411! n/! pe! lp|ojdf-! j{ws|f! ep! 71! mfupwb! ob! ebo-! b! lpe! cphbuf! qb|f! mjqf! 31.41! mfupwb/! Qsfnb! ofljn! nj|rfxjnb! qsj! opsnbmojn! vtmpwjnb! )lpe! tlvqrbxb! oflubsb! tb! qprtlji! j! mjwbetlji! cjrblb-! tvodplsfub! j! es/*! q•fmf! j{mf~v! j{! lp|ojdf! plp! 21! qvub! ob! ebo-! b! v! kvaojn! pcmbtujnb!qp!evhpn!j!twfumpn!ebov!j!ep!25!qvub/! ! 23/!Lbeb!q•fmb!optj!upwbs!ewb!qvub!wf~j!pe!tfcf@!! 23/!Lbeb!q•fmb!optj!upwbs!ewb!qvub!wf~j!pe!tfcf@!! !Q•fmb! optj! upwbs! ewb! qvub! wf~j! pe! tfcf! lbeb! j{optj! usvub!j{!lp|ojdf/! ! 24/!Lpkv!nbltjnbmov!lpmj•jov!isbof!npaf!eb!qsjnj!nfeoj!nfivs! 24/!Lpkv!nbltjnbmov!lpmj•jov!isbof!npaf!eb!qsjnj!nfeoj!nfivs! q•fmf@! q•fmf@!

52


Nbltjnbmob! lpmj•job! isbof! lpkv! npaf! eb! qsjnj! nfeoj! nfivs! q•fmf! npaf! eb! eptujhof! 95! njmjhsbnb! )uk/! spk! lpkj! kf! j{mfufp!tb!21/111!q•fmb!npaf!eb!peoftf!951!hsbnb!nfeb*/! ! 25/!Lpmjlp!ufaj!q•fmb@! 25/!Lpmjlp!ufaj!q•fmb@! V! jtusbajwbxjnb! tv! epcjkfoj! tmfef~j! qpebdj! {b! ufajov! q•fmf;! q•fmb! lpkb! j{hsb}vkf! tb~f! jmj! isboj! mfhmp! –.! 1-245! hsbnb-! nmbeb! q•fmb! qsfe! j{mfubxf! –! 1-233! hsbnb-! q•fmb! v! wsfnf! j{mfubxb! –! 1-231! hsbnb-! nmbeb! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb! –! 1-219! hsbnb-! tubsjkb! j{mfuojdb! –! 1-186! hsbnb/! V! {bwjtoptuj! pe! v{sbtub! cspk! q•fmb! v! 2lh/! kf! tmfef~j;! 22/111! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! lpkf! j{mf~v! j{! lp|ojdf-! :/111! j{mfuojdb! lpkf! tf! wsb~bkv! tb! tmbcf! qb|f-! 9/111! q•fmb!lpkf!tf!wsb~bkv!tb!pcjmof!qb|f-7/611!q•fmb!v!spkv/! ! 26/!Lbeb!q•fmf!j{mfuojdf!of!vcbebkv@! 26/!Lbeb!q•fmf!j{mfuojdf!of!vcbebkv@! V! qfsjpev! pcjmof! qb|f! q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! obqvof! nfeoj! nfivs!j!v!upn!tubxv!qsbluj•op!of!nphv!eb!vcbebkv/!J{mfuojdf!tb! qsb{ojn! nfeojn! nfivspn! of! vcbebkv! v! qfsjpev! lbeb! jn! kf! jotujolu! {b! tbcjsbxf! qpmfob! j! oflubsb! wsmp! kbl! b! jotujolu! {b! pecsbov! wsmp! tmbc/! Pof! •bl! of! sfbhvkv! ob! nfe! lpkj! kf! s{mjwfo! lbeb!hb!q•fmbs!wbej!j{!nfej|ub/! ! 27/!V!lpkf!epcb!ebob!q•fmf!obknbxf!vcbebkv@! 27/!V!lpkf!epcb!ebob!q•fmf!obknbxf!vcbebkv@! Q•fmf! obknbxf! vcbebkv! pcj•op! vkvusv! pe! :! –.! 22! tbuj! j! qp! qpeof! pe! 26! .! 28! tbuj! qsj! qpwpropn! cbspnfubstlpn! qsjujtlv! )lbeb! tf! of! p•flvkf! ofwsfnf*/! Eb! of! cvef! vcbebo! pe! q•fmb-! q•fmbs!of!usfcb!eb!cvef!{opkbw/!Of!qsfqpsv•vkv!tf!sboj!kvubsxj-! qpeofwoj! j! qsfewf•fsxj! •btpwj! {b! sbe! v! lp|ojdj/! Obkcprf! kf! sbejuj!qp!twfumpn!j!upqmpn!ebov/! ! 28/! Lpkf! gvoldjkf! j{ws|bwbkv! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! v! qpkfejojn! tubejkjnb!ajwpub@!!! tubejkjnb!ajwpub@!!! Pe!2!–.!4!ebob!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!•jtuf!~fmjkf! {b! tlmbej|ufxf! oflubsb! j! qpmfob! j! {b! qpmbhbxf! kbkb/! Qptmf!

53


uphb!pe!5!–ep!7!ebob!pof!isbof!•fuwpspeofwof!j!tubsjkf!mbswf/!Pe! 7! .! –22! ebob! isbof! kfeopeofwof-! ewpeofwof! j! uspeofwof! mbswf! tflsfupn!lpkf!mv•f!aesfmof!)gbsjohfbmof*!amf{ef!)wjej!qubxf! 248*/! Pe! 23! –.! 29! ebob! j{hsb}vkv! tb~f! j! {buwbsbkv! hb/! Pe! 29! .–! 32! ebob!pcf{cf}vkv!lp|ojdv!j!ws|f!psjkfoubdjpop!pcmfubxf/!Pe!32! ebob!qptubkv!j{mfuojdf!j!optf!v!lp|ojdv!wpev-!qpmfo!j!oflubs/! ! 29/!Lpkf!q•fmf!isbof!nbujdv!j!tb!lblwp!isbopn@ 29/!Lpkf!q•fmf!isbof!nbujdv!j!tb!lblwp!isbopn@! j!tb!lblwp!isbopn@! Lpe!nmbeji!q•fmb!sbejmjdb-!v{sbtub!7!.!23!ebob!sb{wjkfof! tv! aesfmof! amf{ef/! Tflsfu! j{mv•fo! j{! xji! tmvaj! {b! jtisbov! nbujdf! b! ublp}f! j! {b! lpnqmfuop! mfhmp-! vlrv•vkv~j! j! nbujdv! v! tubejkvnv! mbswf/! Fup! {b|up! tf! ub! isbob! ob{jwb! q•fmjxf! nmflp! )nmf•*/! Oflj! obv•ojdj! tnbusbkv! eb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! isbof! pqmp}fov! nbujdv! nmf•pn! dfmphb! ajwpub! b! of! tbnp! v! qfsjpev! lbeb!pob!qpmbaf!kbkb/! ! 2:/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! q•fmb! lpkf! isbof! •fuwpspeofwof! j! pesbtmf!mbswf!j!q•fmb!lpkf!isbof!kfeop-!ewp!j!uspeofwof!mbswf@!! pesbtmf!mbswf!j!q•fmb!lpkf!isbof!kfeop-!ewp!j!uspeofwof!mbswf@ Q•fmf! tubsptuj! pe! 5! ep! 7! ebob! isbof! •fuwpspeofwof-! qfupeofwof!j!|ftupeofwof!mbswf!b!ublp}f!j!ufl!j{mfhmf!nmbef! q•fmf!epl!of!qp•ov!eb!tf!isbof!tbnf/!Nmbef!q•fmf!tubsjkf!pe!7! ebob!isbof!kfeopeofwof-!ewpeofwof!j!uspeofwof!mbswf!{bup!|up! tv!lpe!xji!wf~!sb{wjkfof!aesfmof!amf{ef!lpkf!mv•f!nmf•/! ! 31/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!nmbejn!q•fmbnb@! 31/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!nmbejn!q•fmbnb@! Nmbef! q•fmf! ojlbeb! of! obqv|ubkv! puwpsfop! mfhmp! oj! nbujdv/! Pof! tf! csjov! {b! pesabwbxf! pqujnbmof! ufnqfsbuvsf! ofpqipeof! {b! sb{wpk! kbkb! j! mbswj! j! pcf{cf}vkv! nbujdj! pesabxf! lpoejdjkf-! isbof~j! kf! sfepwop-! eb! tf! of! tnbxj! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! j! blujwoptu/!! !!! 32/! [b|up! kf! wbaop! eb! tf! {ob! lbeb! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! qptubkf! j{mfuojdb@! j{mfuojdb@!

54


V! q•fmbstuwv! kf! epcsp! qp{obu! ″{blpo! {b! 51! ebob″/! Up! kf! qfsjpe!pe!npnfoub!qpmbhbxb!kbkb!pqmp}fof!nbujdf!ep!j{mfubxb! q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! j{! lp|ojdf/! Qsj! qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! pe! qptubwrbxb!kbkb!v!nbuj•xbl!qptmf!27-6!ebob!j{mfaf!tf!nbujdb-! lpkb! qptmf! 21! ep! 26! ebob! qptmf! qbsfxb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb/! Fup! {b|up! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! sfhvmj|f! qspdft! op|fxb! pqmp}fof! nbujdf! eb! up! cvef! obkjoufo{jwojkf! 51! ebob! qsfe! hmbwov! qb|v/! Blp! tf! qp•fubl! hmbwof! qb|f! p•flvkf! oqs/! 2! kvob! tujnvmjsbxf! op|fxb! nbujdf! usfcb! eb! qp•of! |ftu! ofefrb! qsf! uphb! uk/! esvhf! eflbef! bqsjmb/! Qsj! epwpropk! lpmj•joj! sf{fswof! isbof! v! lp|ojdj-! v! qpwprojn! lmjnbutljn! vtmpwjnb-! ojkf! ofpqipeop! tujnvmjsbxf!op|fxb!kbkb/! ! 33/!Lbeb!nmbef!q•fmf!j{mf~v!ob!twpkf!qswp!qsp•jtop!j{mfubxf!j! v!lblwpk!nfsj!ubeb!nphv!eb!tf!psjkfouj|v@! v!lblwpk!nfsj!ubeb!nphv!eb!tf!psjkfouj|v@! _fuwsuph! jmj! qfuph! ebob! qp! j{mfhbxv! gj{jpmp|lp! tubxf! nmbeji!q•fmb!ep{wprbwb!eb!obqvtuf!lp|ojdv!j!eb!tf!vebrf!ob! lsb~f! sbtupkbxf! lpkf! tf! twblph! ebob! qpwf~bwb/! Pof! tf! v•f! eb! mfuf-! bmj! kp|! of! nphv! epcsp! eb! tf! psjkfouj|v! j! {bup! qp! oflb! pemfuj!v!uv}v!lp|ojdv!hef!cvef!sbep!qsjnrfob/!Qsfnb!Lsftblv! ob!qsp•jtoj!mfu!j{mb{f!•bl!uspeofwof!nmbef!q•fmf!v!tjuvbdjkj! lbeb!ufajob!xjipwji!j{mv•fwjob!j{optj!qsjcmjaop!3p!ep!36!&! ufajof!xjipwph!ufmb/! ! 34/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nbtpwop!j{mf~v!ob!qsp•jtoj!mfu@!! 34/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nbtpwop!j{mf~v!ob!qsp•jtoj!mfu@!! Q•fmf! nbtpwop! j{mf~v! ob! qsp•jtoj! mfu! pe! 7! ep! :! ebob! qp! j{mfhbxv! j! up! qsfufaop! plp! qpeofwb/Pof! qsfqp{obkv! lp|ojdv! kp|! qp! qswpn! j{mfubxv/! )J{mfubxf! kf! nbtpwop! ublp! eb! mj•j! ob! spkfxf*/! Qsj! upnf! tf! q•fmf! ptmpcb}bkv! j{mv•fwjob! nophp! ebrf! pe!lp|ojdf!j!blp!tf!ob!pef~j!q•fmbsb!wjef!lbqj!j{mv•fwjob!up! kf! pe! obknmb}ji! –! uspeofwoji! q•fmb! lpkf! pcbwrbkv! twpkf! qswp! j{mfubxf/! Qptmf! ublwji! nbtpwoji! j{mfubxb! pof! qptubkv! j{mfuojdf/! !

55


35/!Lblwb!kf!tqptpcoptu!psjkfoubdjkf!lpe!q•fmb@! 35/!Lblwb!kf!tqptpcoptu!psjkfoubdjkf!lpe!q•fmb@! Oj! kfeob! q•fmb! ep! 6! ebob! tubsptuj! of! npaf! eb! tf! psjkfouj|f!{b!qpwsbubl!ep!lp|ojdf!blp!tf!ob}f!ob!211!n/!pe!xf-! pe! 21.up! eofwoji! q•fmb! wsb~b! tf! 91! &! bmj! oj! kfeob! pe! xji! of! npaf! eb! tf! wsbuj! tb! 311! n/! Pe! 29.up! eofwoji! q•fmb! pebrfoji! 611!n/!pe!lp|ojdf!wsb~b!tf!71!&-!bmj!oj!kfeob!tf!ob!wsb~b!blp! tf!ob}f!ob!3/111!n/!pe!xf/!Lpmjlp!tv!tubsjkf!q•fmf!up!kf!j!wf~f! sbtupkbxf! tb! lphb! tf! wsb~bkv/! Bmj! blp! pemfuf! ob! 5! ln/! pof! qpuqvop! hvcf! psjkfoubdjkv/! Oqs/! blp! q•fmjxbl! qsfnftujnp! ob! ebrjov! pe! 5! ln/! j! q•fmbs! qvtuj! pesbtmf! q•fmf! ob! 211! n/! pe! opwph! nftub! q•fmjxblb-! oj! kfeob! q•fmb! of~f! ob~j! qvu! {b! qpwsbubl/! Lpe! qptubwrbxb! q•fmjxblb! usfcb! ebuj! nphv~optu!! q•fmbnb!eb!j{ws|f!psjkfoubdjpop!pcmfubxf!qb!~f!vtqfuj!eb!tf! wsbuf/!Up!{ob•j!eb!tqptpcoptu!q•fmb!eb!tf!psjkfouj|v!{bwjtj-!of! tbnp!pe!tubsptuj!q•fmf-!wf~!j!pe!qp{obwbxb!nftub/! ! 36/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!q•fmb!j{wjeojdb@! 36/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!q•fmb!j{wjeojdb@! Q•fmf! j{wjeojdf! tv! pesbtmf! q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! lpkf! usbaf! isbov! qswfotuwfop! v! qspmf~f! j! kftfo! j! vwfl! lbeb! kf! ofnb! v! qsjspej/!Ptjn!uphb!v!lsjuj•ojn!tjuvbdjkbnb-!wp}fof!jotujolupn! tbnppesabxb-! nphv! eb! obqbeov! tmbcb! jmj! pcf{nbuj•fob! esv|uwb-! eb! pqvtup|f! mfhmp! j! eb! jn! qplvqf! isbov/! Ub! qpkbwb! npaf!eb!tf!qsp|jsj!j!ob!esvhb!esv|uwb!v!q•fmjxblv/!Hsbcfa!tf! tqsf•bwb! petusbxjwbxfn! tmbcji! esv|ubwb! j! pcf{nbuj•foji-! jmj! tqbkbxfn! tb! esvhjn/! Oflbeb! kf! epwprop! tnbxjuj! puwps! ob! mfuv/)wjej!qjubxf!45:*/! ! 37/!Lbeb!tf!!″ 37/!Lbeb!tf!!″cvej″ cvej″!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! !q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! Qp•fubl! ajwpuof! blujwoptuj! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! kf! npnfobu! lbeb! nbujdb! qp•of! tb! qpmbhbxfn! kbkb/! Qpmbhbxf! kbkb! kf! cjpmp|lb! ovaoptu! {b! {esbwv! nbujdv-! bmj! cf{! csjhf! q•fmb! up! ofcj! nphmp! eb! tf! ephpej/! Kp|! qsf! {jntlji! nftfdj! nmbef! q•fmf! pcjmop! isbof! nbujdv! nmf•pn-! lpkj! tujnvmj|f! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! j! blujwoptu/!

56


! 38/![b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!vtoj!bqbsbu@!! 38/![b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!vtoj!bqbsbu@ Vtojn! bqbsbupn! q•fmf! qpqsbwrbkv! p|uf~fof! ~fmjkf-! ephsb}vkv!ofepsb}fop!jmj!j{sf{bop!tb~f-!qpqsbwrbkv!tb~f!qptmf! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb-! j{optf! vhjovmf! q•fmf-! usvupwf! j! qbsb{juf! j{! lp|ojdf-! j{hsj{bkv! j! petusbxvkv! tuwseovuj! qpmfo-! petusbxvkv! vhjovmp!mfhmp! j! pe! hmbej! vhjovmf! q•fmf! v! ~fmjkbnb/! Qpsfe! uphb-! vtojn! bqbsbupn! qpqvxbwbkv! qvlpujof! lp|ojdf! qsqpmjtpn-!nvnjgjdjsbkv!ofqsjkbufrf!lpkf!vcjkv!)blp!of!nphv!eb! ji! j{oftv! j{! lp|ojdf! {cph! wfmjlf! ufajof*-! sv|f! nbuj•xblf-! petusbxvkv! eswfof! rv|•jdf! pe! sbnpwb-! vcjkbkv! uv}f! q•fmf! j{wjeojdf-!qbsb{juf!j!xjipwf!mbswf-!qsfnb{vkv!lp|ojdv!j!es/! ! 39/!Lpkf!q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!nbuj•xblf@! 39/!Lpkf!q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!nbuj•xblf@! Spkfwf!nbuj•xblf!j{hsb}vkv!q•fmf!lpe!lpkji!tv!amf{ef!{b! mv•fxf!wptlb!{blsarbmf/!Fup!{b|up!{b!xjipwv!j{hsbexv!q•fmf! lpsjtuf!wptbl!pe!tubsph!tb~b/!)Eplb{!{b!up!kf!ubnob!cpkb!~fmjkb*/! Sf{fswof!nbuj•xblf!j{hsb}vkv!nmbef!q•fmf!j!q•fmf!hsbejufrlf! j!up!pe!•jtuph!wptlb!lpkj!pof!qspj{wpef/! ! 3:/!Sb{mjlvkv!mj!q•fmf!cpkf!@! 3:/!Sb{mjlvkv!mj!q•fmf!cpkf!@! Q•fmf! tv! v! tubxv! eb! s{mjlvkv!epcsp! tbnp! oflf! cpkf.! cfmv-! avuv! j! qmbwv/! Pof! of! sb{mjlvkv! dswfov! cpkv! –! nf|bkv! kf! tb! ubnop! tjwpn! b! {fmfov! tb! qmbwpn! j! avupn/! [bup! epcsp! qsjnbkv! vmusbwjpmfuof!{sblf!lpkj!tv!ofwjerjwj!{b!•pwflpwp!plp/! ! 41/!Lbeb!tf!mfhv!ofsb{wjkfof!q•fmf@! 41/!Lbeb!tf!mfhv!ofsb{wjkfof!q•fmf@! Ofsb{wkfof! q•fmf! ! )wfmj•jof! epnb~f! nvif*! mfhv! tf! j{! nophp! tubsph! tb~b-! •jkf! tv! ~fmjkf-! lbp! sf{vmubu! pehbkbxb! nophp! qplpmfxb-! wsmp! nbmf-! eb! of! nphv! eb! qsjnf! lpmj•jov! isbof! ofpqipeov!q•fmbnb!v!qfsjpev!sb{wpkb!mbswf!)wjej!qjubxf!5:*/! ! 42/! Npaf! mj! v{! qpnp~! q•fmb! eb! tf! qptubwj! ejkbhop{b! qsjwjeof! tnsuj!jmj!cpmftuj!lpe!•pwflb@! tnsuj!jmj!cpmftuj!lpe!•pwflb@!

57


Joufsftboubob!kf!•jxfojdb-!eb!tf!q•fmf!nphv!jtlpsjtujuj! {b! qptubwrbxf! ejkbhop{f! qsj! tqpsopk! jmj! qsjwjeopk! tnsuj! lpe! •pwflb/!Pcj•op!pof!of!vcbebkv!nsuwf-!bmj!blp!cvev!qsjov}fof!ob! up-! qptmf! vcpeb! ob! ufmv! tf! of! qsjnf~vkf! lpaob! sfbldjkb-! dswfojmp! jmj! pupl! lpe! vcpefoph/! Qp{obuj! tubsj! hs•lj! mflbs! Ijqplsbu!)571!–!.!481!h/!qsf!o/!f/*-!qsjnfujp!kf!eb!q•fmf!lsvaf!plp! tbtv|foph! vsjob! ejkbcfuj•bsb! j! {blrv•jp! kf! ! eb! ob! ubk! ob•jo! npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!cpmftu!ejbcfu/!Up!nf}vujn!epqv|ub!hsf|lf-! kfs! ebobt! kf! pq|uf! qp{obup! eb! q•fmf! j{! vsjob! v{jnbkv! of! |f~fs! ofhp!tp/! ! 43/!Qpwsf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!lpsv!ob!{sfmjn!qmpepwjnb@ 43/!Qpwsf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!lpsv!ob!{sfmjn!qmpepwjnb@! wsf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!lpsv!ob!{sfmjn!qmpepwjnb@! Q•fmf!of!qpwsf}vkv!lpsv!ob!{sfmjn!qmpepwjnb-!kfs!tb! tmbcjn!vtojn!bqbsbupn!of!nphv!eb!kf!qsphsj{v/!Pof!qjkv!tmbulf! tplpwf!tb!qmpepwb!lpkjnb!kf!lpsb!wf~!qpwsf}fob!pe!ptb-!nsbwb! jmj!tus|rfopwb/!J{v{fuop-!q•fmf!nphv!eb!qpwsfef!tbnp!qmpe! nbmjof-!blp!qsftubof!twblb!qb|b-!j!qjkv!j{!xji!tmbebl!tpl/! ! 44/!Lpmjlp!qvub!kf!nphv~f!jtlpsjtujuj!kfeof!jtuf!q•fmf!{b! j{hsbexv!tbuoji!ptopwb@! j{hsbexv!tbuoji!ptopwb@ Kfeof!jtuf!q•fmf!nphv!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuf!ep!5!qvub!{b! j{hsbexv!tbuoji!ptopwb/!Up!kf!eplb{bp!fltqfsjnfoubmop!Psptj! lpe!blujwof!qsjisbof!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!|f~fsojn!tjsvqpn-! lpnf!kf!epebu!lwbtbd!v!qfsjpev!cf{!qb|f!)36/p9/!.!36/21/*/! !!! 45/!\ub!qplb{vkf!qpkbwb!lsfubxb!″ 45/!\ub!qplb{vkf!qpkbwb!lsfubxb! ″ubnp!. ubnp!.!bnp″ !bnp″!lpe!q•fmb@! !lpe!q•fmb@! Lsfubxf!q•fmb!″ubnp!.bnp″!)lbp!lpe!sfoejtbxb*!-!tqpsp! lsfubxf!obqsfe!qb!cs{p!wsb~bxf!ob{be-!|up!npaf!eb!tf!vp•j!ob! qpmfubrdj!hef!tf!q•fmf!lsf~v!lbp!qp!lpnboej/!V{spl!ojkf! vuws~fo!ep!tbeb/!Ipmboetlj!q•fmbs!Njoefsipvu!kf!vp•jp!eb!tf! pwb!qpkbwb!qpwf~bwb!lbeb!dwfub!dswfob!j!cfmb!efufmjob!qb! q•fmf!ip~f!eb!tf!ptmpcpef!qpmfob/!Esvhj!q•fmbsj!pwp! pqpwshbwbkv-!kfs!pwb!qpkbwb!npaf!eb!tf!kbwj!j!lbeb!pwf!cjrlf!of! dwfubkv/!Lpe!ebwbxb!of{obuof!lpmj•jof!isbof!pwj!qplsfuj!lpe!

58


q•fmb!tf!qsfljebkv-!j{!•fhb!tmfej!eb!tv!pwj!qplsfuj!j{sb{! jotujolub!{b!qb|v/! ! 46!/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!q•fmbnb!cf{!abplf@ 46!/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!q•fmbnb!cf{!abplf@! bplf@! Q•fmf! cf{! abplf! )nfmjqpoj*! tf! tsf~v! qsfufaop! v! dfousbmopk!Bnfsjdj-!sf}f!ob!Lvcj-!Nfltjlv!j!Ipoevsbtv/!J{nf}v! pwji!j!nfepoptof!q•fmf!jnb!wfmjlf!sb{mjlf!v!ob•jov!j{hsbexf! tb~b/Q•fmf! cf{! abplf! sbef! tb~f! ipsj{poubmop-! ~fmjkf! tv! j{hsb}fof! kfeoptusbop! tb! vmb{ojn! puwpspn! pep{hp/! Uf! q•fmf! tv! qsfmb{! j{nf}v! {fnof! q•fmf! j! nfepoptof! q•fmf/! Lpmj•job! xjipwph! qspj{wfefoph! nfeb! qsj! qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! eptujaf! 4! lh/!pe!kfeoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb/!Q•fmf!cf{!abplf!j{!Ipoevsbtb! vkfebkv!aftuplp/!Vkfe!kf!cpmbo!lbp!j!vcpe!nfepoptof!q•fmf/!

! ! Nbujdf! Nbujdf! !! ! 47/![b|up!tf!nbujdb!ob{jwb!nbujdb@! 47/![b|up!tf!nbujdb!ob{jwb!nbujdb@! Nbujdb! )tm/4*! tf! {pwf! nbujdb-! {bup! |up! tf! pe! xfoji! qpmpafoji! kbkb! j{mfhv! twf! q•fmf! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv/! Pob! qpmbaf! kbkb! v! usbkbxv! pe! oflpmjlp! hpejob! j! ublp! tf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! pcobwrb/! Nbujdb! obeajwrbwb! nophb! qplpmfxb! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! j! usvupwb! lpkj! tf! j{mfhv! j{! xfoji!kbkb/! ! 48/! ! Lbeb! tf! {bws|bwb! v•f|~f! nbujdf! v!p•vwbxv!qpupntuwb@! v!p•vwbxv!qpupntuwb@! Kfejotuwfob!!gvoldjkb!nbujdf!kf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb/Pob! tf! of! csjof! p! ebrfn!sb{wpkv!kbkb!j!mbswj/!Obqspujw!p! nbujdj! tf! csjov! xfof! l~fsj-! nmbef!

59

Tm/!4/!Nbujdb!


q•fmf-!cf{!lpkji!pob!of!cj!nphmb!eb!qptupkj!j!vhjovmb!cj/! ! 49/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!nbujdf@! 49/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!nbujdf@! Qsjspeob! evajob! ajwpub! nbujdf! npaf! eb! eptujhof! 8! hpejob-!bmj!obk•f|~f!pob!vhjof!nophp!sbojkf/!V!qsbltj!tf!sfulp! ef|bwb! eb! nbujdb! epajwj! 5! hpejof-! {bup! |up! kf! pob! obkqspevlujwojkb!esvhf!jmj!usf~f!hpejof!b!qptmf!uphb!kf!q•fmbs! {bnfxvkf!nmbepn!j!qspevlujwopn!nbujdpn/! ! 4:/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!nbujdb!{besabwb!tqptpcoptu!pqmp}fxb@!! 4:/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!nbujdb!{besabwb!tqptpcoptu!pqmp}fxb@!! Qsj! opsnbmojn! lmjnbutljn! j! esvhjn! vtmpwjnb! nbujdb! tf! qbsj! tb! usvupwjnb! j{nf}v! 6/! j! 21/! ebob! pe! j{mfhbxb/! )Lpe! ofqpwproji!vtmpwb!up!npaf!eb!cvef!j!lbtojkf!*/!Blp!j{!cjmp!lph! sb{mphb! nbujdb! of! cvef! pqmp}fob! {b! 51! ebob! pe! j{mfhbxb! pob! hvcj! tqptpcoptu! qbsfxb! j! qp•jxf! eb! optj! usvupwtlb! kbkb/! V! {bexf!wsfnf!sb{sb}fob!kf!ufiojlb!wf|ub•lph!pqmp}fxb!nbujdf! tb!tqfsnpn!epcjkfopn!pe!usvub!tb!vuws~fojn!epcsjn!obtmfeojn! twpktuwjnb/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!wsfnf!ptfnfxbwbxb!pesf}vkf!q•fmbs!j! nbujdb!of!npaf!eb!cvef!pqmp}fob!usvupn!ofj{wftoji!lwbmjufub! )wjej!qjubxf!669!–!671*/! ! 51/!Lpkj!efp!ufajof!hvcj!nbujdb!35!•btb!qp!j{mfhbxv@ 51/!Lpkj!efp!ufajof!hvcj!nbujdb!35!•btb!qp!j{mfhbxv@! •btb!qp!j{mfhbxv@! Qptmf! j{mfhbxb! nbujdb! hvcj! pe! twpkf! ufajof! qp! 2! njmjhsbn! twblph! tbub! v! uplv! ebob/! Up! kf! cjpmp|lb! ofnjopwoptu! vtmpwrfob! ujnf! |up! nbujdb! usfcb! eb! pcbwj! tjhvsbo! psjkfoubdjpoj!mfu!j!pqmpeoj!mfu/! ! 52/!Lblwp!kf!tubxf!nbujdf!qptmf!j{mfhbxb@! 52/!Lblwp!kf!tubxf!nbujdf!qptmf!j{mfhbxb@! Qptmf!j{mfhbxb!nbujdb!kf!tmbcb-!qmbib!j!hmbeob/!Qmbiptu! kf!pesf}fob!ofswp{pn!lpkb!tf!qpkb•bwb!lbeb!•vkf!{wvlf!pe!esvhji! nbujdb-! lpkf! uscb! eb! tf! j{mfhv! j{! esvhji! nbuj•xblb/! Ofswp{b! qpetuj•f! jotujolu! {b! tbnppesabxf! j! qswb! j{mfafob! nbujdb! qplv|bwb! eb! voj|uj!esvhf! nbujdf! lpkf! tv! qsfe! j{mfhbxfn/!Pob!

60


qsphsj{b! nbuj•xblf! tb! tusbob! j! lsp{! puwps! vcbeb! kp|! ofj{mfafof!nbujdf!lpkf!vhjov/! ! 53/!Lpmjlp!kf!uf|lb!nbujdb@! 53/!Lpmjlp!kf!uf|lb!nbujdb@! _fiptmpwb•lj! jtusbajwb•! Ifkunbofl! kf! vuwsejp! eb! kf! ufajob! nbujdf! sb{mj•jub-! b! qsfnb! twfutljn! obv•ojdjnb! up! kf! qplb{bufr! qmfnfojuptuj/! J{mfafob! nbujdb! )lpkb!ojkf! isbxfob*! uf|lb! kf! 249-9! ep! 323-2! nh/! Ufajob! pqmp}fof! nbujdf! qp! Ifkunboflv!wbsjsb! pe! 341! ep! 411! nh/! [b! q•fmbsf! kf! pe! ! {ob•bkb! eb!ufajob!nbujdf!qp!j{mfhbxv!of!usfcb!eb!cvef!nbxb!pe!291!nh/! Joufsftouob! kf! •jxfojdb! eb! tf! qp! pqmp}fxv! obkwj|f! qpwf~bwb! ufajob!nbujdb!lpkf!tv!qp!j{mfhbxv!cjmf!obkmbl|f/! ! 54/Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!ufajob!j!wfmj•job!cvev~f!nbujdf@! 54/Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!ufajob!j!wfmj•job!cvev~f!nbujdf@! Ufajob! j! wfmj•job! cvev~f! nbujdf! {bwjtj! pe! nophp! •jojmbdb/! Epnjobouoj! tv! obtmfeoj! •jojpdj-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp-! tsfejob!v!lpkpk!kf!pehbkfob!nbujdb-!lpmj•job!j!lwbmjufu!isbof!v! nbuj•xbdjnb-!lmjnb/!Vtmfe!uphb!ufmftob!ufajob!nbujdf!lpmfcb! v!|jsplpn!sbtqpov/!Tsfexb!ufajob!lpe!pqmp}fof!nbujdf!kf!376! nh/Evajob!ufmb!kf!ublp}f!wsmp!sb{mj•jub/!Tsfexb!kf!27!.–! 31!nn/! Wfmj•job! nbujdf! {bwjtj! pe! wfmj•jof! nbuj•xblb! v! lpkjnb! tf! pcbwrb! sb{wpk! nbujdf! b! ublp}f! j! pe! tubsptuj! mbswf! jtlpsj|~fof! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdf/! Vlpmjlp! lbtojkf! q•fmf! qp•ov! eb! isbof! mbswv-! vupmjlp! ~f! nbxb! cjuj! ufajob! j! wfmj•job! cvev~f!nbujdf/! ! 55/!J{!lpkji!nbuj•xblb!tf!mfhv!nbujdf!tb!obkwf~pn!ufajopn@ 55/!J{!lpkji!nbuj•xblb!tf!mfhv!nbujdf!tb!obkwf~pn!ufajopn@! bujdf!tb!obkwf~pn!ufajopn@! Obkufaf! nbujdf! tf! mfhv! j{! nbuj•xblb! evajof! 2:! .–! 35! nn/! Uf! evajof! tv! nbuj•xbdj! lpe! ujif! tnfof! j! oflj! spkfwj! nbuj•xbdj/! ! 56/!Lpkf!nbujdf!tv!qspevlujwojkf!lsvqof!jmj!tjuof@! 56/!Lpkf!nbujdf!tv!qspevlujwojkf!lsvqof!jmj!tjuof@! Of! npaf! eb! tf! uwsej! eb! tv! lsvqof! nbujdf! obkqspevlujwojkf/! Qspevlujwoptu! ! nbujdf! {bwjtj! qsf! twfhb! pe!

61


qpsflmb! j! obtmfeoji! ptpcjob/! Ublp! ob! qsjnfs! tjuob! nbujdb! npaf! eb! jnb! epcsf! obtmfeof! ptpcjof! j! pehpwbsbkv~v! wjtplv! qspevlujwoptu!lbp!j!lsvqob!nbujdb/! ! 57/! Usfcb! mj! voj|ubwbuj! nbujdf! j{! nbuj•xblb! v! lpkjnb! qp! j{mfhbxv!ojkf!ptubmp!nmf•b@ j{mfhbxv!ojkf!ptubmp!nmf•b@! !ojkf!ptubmp!nmf•b@ Oflj! tusv•xbdj! qpesabwbkv! tubopwj|uf-! eb! blp! kf! v! qspdftv! sb{wpkb! mbswf! nbujdf! vusp|fob! dfmb! lpmj•job! nmf•b-! pob!~f!qp•fuj!eb!hmbevkf!qsf!ofhp!qsf}f!v!tubejkvn!mvulf-!|up!~f! eb! jnb! ofhbujwbo! vujdbk! ob! ebrj! sb{wpk/! Qsbltb! nf}vujn! qplb{vkf!eb!tv!uf!mbswf!lwbmjufuof/!Fup!{b|up!ublwf!nbujdf!of! usfcb! voj|ubwbuj! bmj! kf! ofpqipeop! jnbuj! ob! vnv! eb! tv! nbmf! ufajof/! ! 58/!Kfev!mj!nmbef!nbujdf!nmf•!lpkj!ptubof!v!nbuj•xbdjnb@! 58/!Kfev!mj!nmbef!nbujdf!nmf•!lpkj!ptubof!v!nbuj•xbdjnb@! Psptjj! kf! eplb{bp! eb! nmbef! nbujdf! of! kfev! nmf•! lpkj! ptubof!ob!eov!nbuj•xblb!•bl!j!lbeb!qsftubof!esvhb!isbob/!Pof! nphv!eb!j{esaf!hmbe!ep!28!•btpwb!qp!j{mfhbxv/! ! 59/! Lblp! vuj•f! ofpehpwbsbkv~b! jtisbob! v! tubejkvnv! mbswf! ob! sb{wpk!nbujdf@! sb{wpk!nbujdf@ Mbswb!pe!lpkf!~f!eb!tf!sb{wjkf!nbujdb!of!usfcb!eb!tf!isboj! ofpehpwbsbkv~pn! isbopn/! Up! tf! epqv|ub! tbnp! blp! kf! oftub|jdb! kbkb! j! nmbeji! mbswj! {b! pehbkbxf-! qb! kf! jtlpsj|~fob! tubsjkb! mbswb! {b! q•fmf! sbejmjdf-! lpkb! kf! wf~! isbxfob! isbopn! {b! mbswf! {b!!q•fmf!sbejmjdf/!Qptmf!j{mfhbxb-!nbujdb!j{mfafob!j{!ublwf! mbswf-! jnb! ptpcjof! ujqj•of! {b! q•fmf! sbejmjdf;! evhb! tvsmjdb-! twpkfwstubo! vtoj! bqbsbu-! lpsqjdf! {b! tblvqrbxf! qpmfob-! dsof! ophf!j!es/!Ptjn!uphb!lpe!ublwf!nbujdf!tf!{bqbab!tnbxfxf!cspkb! kbkoji!dfw•jdb/!Fup!{b|up!tf!pof!voj|ubwbkv/! ! 5:/!Lpkj!tv!v{spdj!j{mfhbxb!ofsb{wjkfof!nbujdf@! 5:/!Lpkj!tv!v{spdj!j{mfhbxb!ofsb{wjkfof!nbujdf@! Blp! v! qfsjpev! mbswoph! sb{wpkb! nbujdf-! ufnqfsbuvsb! cvef! ojtlb-! pob! ~f! cjuj! ofsb{wjkfob/! _bl! blp! kf! lsbulp! cjmb! ojtlb!

62


ufnqfsbuvsb! up! epwpej! ep! j{mfhbxb! nbujdf! tb! ofsb{wjkfojn! fltusfnjufujnb!)obk•f|~f!lsjmb*/! ! 61/!Lpmjlp!kbkb!toftf!nbujdb!{b!hpejov!ebob@! 61/!Lpmjlp!kbkb!toftf!nbujdb!{b!hpejov!ebob@! [b! kfeov! hpejov! nbujdb! toftf! qsjcmjaop! pe! 261/111! ep! 271/111!kbkb!v!{bwjtoptuj!pe!obtmfeoji!ptpcjob!j!xfof!tubsptuj! b!jtup!j!pe!vujdbkb!tsfejof/! ! 62/!Lblp!vuj•f!ob!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!blp!tv!kbkb!qpmpafob!lbtop!v! kftfo@! kftfo@ Kbkb! qpmpafob! lbtop! v! kftfo! )pcj•op! tf! up! ef|bwb! lpe! nmbeji!nbujdb!*!epwpef!ep!jtusp|foptuj!cfmbo•fwjob!v!nbtojn! ~fmjkbnb/! Q•fmf! lpkf! tf! j{mfhv! v! opwfncsv! j! efdfncsv! of! ajwf! evhp!j!ublwp!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v!qspmf~f!lbtop!qp•jxf!eb!ofhvkf! mfhmp/! ! 63/!Lbeb!nbujdb!qpmbaf!ofpqmp}fob!kbkb@! 63/!Lbeb!nbujdb!qpmbaf!ofpqmp}fob!kbkb@! Blp! tf! eb! nphv~optu! q•fmjxfn! esj|uwv! eb! j{hsb}vkf! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf-! nbujdb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! ofpqmp}fob! kbkb/! Pob!npaf!eb!qpmpaj!41/111!usvupwtlji!kbkb/!Pe!xji!tf!ojlbe!of! j{mfaf! usvu! blp! tf! {buwpsfop! mfhmp! j{sfaf/V! ! upn! tmv•bkv! jotujolu!{b!spkfxf!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!kbwrb!tf!lbtojkf/! ! 64/!Csjof!mj!tf!nbujdb!{b!twpkf!qpupntuwb@ 64/!Csjof!mj!tf!nbujdb!{b!twpkf!qpupntuwb@! {b!twpkf!qpupntuwb@! Nbujdb! tbnp! qmbaf! kbkb/! [b! j{mfafof! mbswf! j{! xji-! {b! jtisbov! j! pcf{cf}fxf! pqujnbmof! ufnqfsbuvsf! {b! sb{wpk! mfhmb-! csjof!tf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp/! ! 65/! Npaf! mj! opsnbmop! pqmp}fob! nbujdb! eb! qpmpaj! kbkb! ob! {jepwf!~fmjkb@!! {jepwf!~fmjkb@!! Tbnp! pqmp}fob! nbujdb! tb! efgpsnjtbojn! ophbnb! jmj! jtlsjwrfojn! {bexjn! efmpn! ufmb! npaf! eb! qpmpaj! kbkb! ob! {jepwf! ~fmjkb/J{! uji! kbkb! tf! j{mfhv! opsnbmof! q•fmf-! bmj! q•fmf! ublwv!nbujdv!{bnfxvkv/!

63


! 66/!V!lpkf!wsfnf!v!uplv!ebob!nbujdb!qpmbaf!kbkb@!! 66/!V!lpkf!wsfnf!v!uplv!ebob!nbujdb!qpmbaf!kbkb@ Nbujdb!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!twblp!epcb!v!uplv!ebob!.!ebopop~op/! Lbe!qpmpaj!oflpmjlp!eftfujob!kbkb!poeb!tf!penbsb!!j!v!up!wsfnf! qsjnb!isbov!pe!nmbeji!q•fmb!lpkf!tf!csjov!p!xpk/! ! 67/! Lpkj! kf! {obl! qp! lpnf! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! eb! usfcb! {bnfojuj! nbujdv@! nbujdv@! Tb~f! tb! mfhmpn-! lpe! lphb! nf}v! ~fmjkbnb! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! jnb!j!usvupwtlph!mfhmb-!qpnf|bop-!kf!eplb{!eb!kf!tqfsnb!tb!lpkpn! kf! cjp! obqvxfo! tfnfqsjkfnojl! nbujdf! qpusp|fob! j! ofepwprob! eb!pqmpej!twblp!kbkf/!V!upn!tmv•bkv!nbujdv!usfcb!{bnfojuj/! ! 68/!Ob!lpmjlp!wsfnfob!tf!isboj!nbujdb!qsflp!mfub@! 68/!Ob!lpmjlp!wsfnfob!tf!isboj!nbujdb!qsflp!mfub@! V! upn! qfsjpev-! )qfsjpev! qpmbhbxb! kbkb*-! nbujdb! kf! plsvafob! nmbejn! q•fmbnb! pe! |ftuph! ep! ewbobftuph! ebob! tubsptuj-! lpkf! kpk! ptjhvsbwbkv! tmpcpeop! lsfubxf! j! nftup! {b! qpmbhbxf!kbkb/!Jtupwsfnfop!pof!kf!isbof!nmf•pn!v!uplv!21!–! ep!41! njovub-!{bwjtop!pe!joufo{jufub!op|fxb/!! ! 69/!Lbeb!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!nphv!eb!qsf{jnf!ewf!nbujdf@ 69/!Lbeb!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!nphv!eb!qsf{jnf!ewf!nbujdf@! !esv|uwv!nphv!eb!qsf{jnf!ewf!nbujdf@! Lpe!ujif!tnfof!nbujdf!)wjej!qjubxf!83*-!blp!kf!cjmb!qptmf! hmbwof! qb|f-! q•fmf! ! qsjnbkv! lblp! ! opwv! )nmbev*! ! ublp! j! tubsv! nbujdv/!J!pcf!qpmbav!kbkb-!nb!eb!pcj•op!tubsb!nbujdb!vhjof!qsfe! {jnv/! ! 6:/! Eb! mj! kf! epcsp! qsjtjmop! j{wp}fxf! j{wp}fxf! nbujdb! nfupepn! pcf{nbuj•bwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! pcf{nbuj•bwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! Oflj! q•fmbsj! pcf{cf}vkv! nbujdf! pcf{nbuj•bwbxfn! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/Pwbk! nfupe! ojkf! epcbs-! kfs! tf! of! epcjkbkv! nbujdf! epcsph! lwbmjufub/! Eb! cj! tf! pcf{cfejp! cprj! lwbmjufu! nbujdb!lpe!pwph!nfupeb-!blp!wf~!of!lpsjtujnp!oflj!cprj-!qfuj! ebo! qp! pcf{nbuj•bwbxv! usfcb! qpsv|juj! twf! {buwpsfof! nbuj•xblf-!kfs!tv!poj!j{hsb}foj!obe!tubsjkjn!mbswbnb/!!

64


! 71/!Lbeb!nbujdb!lpsjtuj!abplv@!! 71/!Lbeb!nbujdb!lpsjtuj!abplv@ V!tusv•opk!mjufsbuvsj!tf!jtuj•f!eb!nbujdb!pcj•op!lpsjtuj! abplv!kfebo!qvu!v!twpn!ajwpuv!j!up!v!tvtsfuv!tb!tvqbsojdpn-!uk/! esvhpn! nbujdpn! )wjej! qjubxf! 52*/! Pob! npaf! eb! vcpef! j! q•fmf! lpkf! mfuf-! v! tbnppecsboj/! Jtlrv•jwp! lbeb! ojkf! pqmp}fob-!! )obqsjnfs!qsj!pcfmfabwbxv*-!!nbujdb!npaf!eb!vcpef!j!•pwflb/! Vcpe! of! cpmj! bmj! npaf! eb! j{b{pwf! twsbc! oflbeb! j! qptmf! usj! ebob-! ob! p|uf~fopn! nftuv/! Pqmp}fob! nbujdb! ojlbeb! of! vcbeb! •pwflb/! ! 72/!Lp!kf!qswj!{bqb{jp!eb!tf!nbujdb!qbsj!tb!ewb!usvub@! 72/!Lp!kf!qswj!{bqb{jp!eb!tf!nbujdb!qbsj!tb!ewb!usvub@! Qbsfxf! nbujdf! tb! ewb! usvub! qswj! kf! {bqb{jp! obnb•lj! q•fmbs! Hjumfs! )Hvuumfs*! 6/! j! 7/! tfqufncsb! 2968! hpe/! Sf{vmubuj! xfhpwph! {bqbabxb! tv! qvcmjlpwboj! v! •btpqjtv! ″Opsemjohfs! Cjfofo{fjuvoh″/! ! 73/!Pe!lbeb!tf!{ob!{b!qbsfxf!nbujdb!tb!wj|f!usvupwb@! 73/!Pe!lbeb!tf!{ob!{b!qbsfxf!nbujdb!tb!wj|f!usvupwb@! Qbsfxf!nbujdb!tb!wj|f!usvupwb!kf!eplb{bop!obv•op!2:64/! hpejof-! lbp! sf{vmubu! v! oflpmjlp! phmfeb! qspwfefoji! ob! ptuswv! Wvmlbop/! Up! kf! nf}vujn! cjmp! vuws}fop! qsf! wj|f! pe! 211! hpejob! pe! tmpwb•lph! q•fmbsb! Pcmblpwb/! Phmfe! kf! cjp! pqjtbo! 2978/! hpejof!v!sbev!xfhpwph!tvobspeojlb!Mfwtujlb!v!″\vnbstuwv″/! ! 74/!\ub!v!q•fmbstuwv!p{ob•bwb!qpkbn!qpqsbwrbxf!lwbmjufub@! 74/!\ub!v!q•fmbstuwv!p{ob•bwb!qpkbn!qpqsbwrbxf!lwbmjufub@! V! q•fmbstuwv-! qpqsbwrbxf! lwbmjufub-! p{ob•bwb! tnfov! nbujdf! j! lbp! sf{vmubu! epcjkb! tf! qspevlujwojkf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp/!Up!of!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!lpe!ujif!tnfof!)wjej!qjubxf! 83*/! Jtlrv•jwp! qsbwjmbo! qvu! kf! eb! tf! pehbkbkv! nbujdf! pe! qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb-! •jkf! tv! obtmfeof! ptpcjof!jtlrv•jwp!epcsf/! ! 75/! 75/ ! Wsb~b! mj! tf! ob{be! ofpqmp}fob! nbujdb-! lpkb! kf! j{mfufmb! tmv•bkop!qsj!qsfhmfev!lp|ojdf@! tmv•bkop!qsj!qsfhmfev!lp|ojdf@

65


Ofpqmp}fob!nbujdb!wsb~b!tf!ob{be!qptmf!oflpmjlp!njovub! v!lp|ojdv!jmj!ob!sbn!j!{bup!q•fmbs!of!usfcb!eb!tf!csjof!{b!xv/! Ofpqipeop!kf!tbnp!eb!lp|ojdb!cvef!puwpsfob!j!twf!eb!tf!ptubwj! poblp!lblp!kf!cjmp!qsf!xfoph!j{mfubxb/! ! 76/!\ub!qsjwmb•j!nbujdv!v!nfej|uf!lp|ojdf@! 76/!\ub!qsjwmb•j!nbujdv!v!nfej|uf!lp|ojdf@! Jotujolu! pesabxb! wstuf! qsjtjrbwb! nbujdv! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! v! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf/! Cb|! uf! ~fmjkf! kf! qsjwmb•f! v! nfej|uf! lp|ojdf! j! {bup! q•fmbs! of! usfcb! eb! epqvtuj! nbujdj! eb! qsf}f! ubnp/! ! 77!Qp!lpkjn!{obdjnb!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv! ofnb!nbujdf@! ofnb!nbujdf@ Blp! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! ofnb! puwpsfoph! mfhmb! up! {ob•j! eb!v!xfnv!ofnb!nbujdf/!Q•fmf!epoptf!nbmp!qpmfob!j!v!tb~v!jnb! opwji! nbuj•xblb! v! lpkjnb! jnb! mbswj/! Blp! v! lp|ojdj! jnb! puwpsfoph! mfhmb! b! q•fbmf! j{hsb}vkv! nbuj•xblf-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!kf!wfspwbuop!cf{!nbujdf/! ! 78/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!ob•joj!epebwbxb!nbujdf@! 78/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!ob•joj!epebwbxb!nbujdf@! Ptopwoj! ob•joj! epebwbxb! nbujdf! tv! ewb;! ejsflubo! j! joejsflubo/Lpe!ejsfluoph!epebwbxb!nbujdb!tf!qv|ub!v!lp|ojdv! ejsfluop! ob! tbupop|f-! nf}v! q•fmf! jmj! lsp{! mfup! )vmb{*-! qsfe! wf•f/! Pwbk! ob•jo! tf! qsjnfxvkf! lpe! epebwbxb! nbujdf! v! spk! jmj! pqmpexbl/!Lpe!joejsfluoph!epebwbxb-!nbujdb!tf!tubwj!v!lbwf{! hef! tf! esaj! epl! kf! q•fmf! tbnf! of! ptmpcpef-! uk/! epl! of! qpkfev! |f~fsop! nfeop! uftup! )qphb•v*-! tb! lpkjn! kf! {buwpsfo! puwps! ob! lbwf{v/! ! 79/Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! oboftf! |ufub! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! lpnf! kf! epebub!opwb!nbujdb@! epebub!opwb!nbujdb@ Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! lpnf! kf! epebub! opwb! nbujdb! jmj! kf! {bnfxfob! tubsb! of! usfcb! eb! tf! v{ofnjsbwb! obknbxf! kfeov! tfenjdv/! Ofqpusfcob! rvcpqjurjwptu! q•fmbsb! j! qsfwsfnfop!

66


v{ofnjsbwbxf!q•fmb!npaf!eb!epwfef!ep!uphb!eb!q•fmf!vlmvq•bkv! nbujdv! j! eb! kf! vcjkv/! [bup! kf! qpusfcop! eb! tf! •flb! tb! qsfhmfepn! lp|ojdf!ep!{buwbsbxb!mfhmb!):.uj!ebo!qptmf!epebwbxb!nbujdf*/! ! 7:/! \ub! usfcb! vsbejuj! tb! nbujdpn-! qsjqsfnrfopn! {b! {b! pqmpexv! tb!qmfnfojujn!usvupwjnb!eb!cj!cjp!p•vwbo!ubk!lsju•oj!npnfou@! tb!qmfnfojujn!usvupwjnb!eb!cj!cjp!p•vwbo!ubk!lsju•oj!npnfou@ Lpe! qsjtvtuwb! nbujdf! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! q•fmf! nphv! qsfwsfnfop!eb!petusbof!usvupwf/!Eb!tf!of!cj!up!eftjmp!ovaop!kf! eb! tf! petusboj! nbujdb! {bkfeop! tb! nbmjn! spkfn! j! qptmf! 21! ebob! eb!tf!qpopwp!tqpkj!{bkfeop!tb!spkfn-!tb!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwpn/!Qsf! uphb! pcbwf{op! usfcb! voj|ujuj! twf! nbuj•xblf! j{hsb~fof! {b! up! wsfnf!eb!cj!tf!tqsf•jmp!epcjkbxf!nbujdf/! ! 81/!Hef!tf!pehbkbkv!nbujdf!v!wfmjlpn!cspkv@! 81/!Hef!tf!pehbkbkv!nbujdf!v!wfmjlpn!cspkv@! Bnfsj•lj!q•fmbs!Hbsfm!j{!esabwf!Bmbcbnb!kf!qp{obu!qpe! obejnlpn! lsbr! q•fmjxji! nbujdb/! )V! nophjn! {fnrbnb! nbujdv! {pwv!lsbrjdb!jmj!dbsjdb*/!Hpej|xf!po!qspeb!ep!66/111!nbujdb! v!TBE-!Lobej-!Fwspqj-!Kvaopk!Bnfsjdj!j!Kbqbov/! ! 82/![b|up!nbujdb!of!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!opwf!~fmjkf!j{hsb}fof!v!wsiv! tsfejof!tbub!lpsj|~foph!v!qsfuipeopk!hpejoj@ tsfejof!tbub!lpsj|~foph!v!qsfuipeopk!hpejoj@! pk!hpejoj@! Kfebo! pe! sb{mphb! kf! eb! tv! wsipwj! uji! ~fmjkb! qpqvxfoj! tb! wptlpn! pcphb~fojn! qspqpmjtpn/! Qsj! obehsbexj! q•fmf! lpkf! j{hsb}vkv! tb~f! sbef! wsmp! cs{p! )qswfotuwfop! lpe! {buwbsbxb! ~fmjkb*! j! {bup! tv! nophf! ~fmjkf! ofsbwof! j! of! wpmf! ji! nbujdf/! Eb! tf! up! j{cfhof! epwprop! kf! lpe! qptubwrbxb! opwji! sbnpwb! {b! mfhmp-! wsipwf! ~fmjkb! j{sf{buj! tb! {bhsfkbojn! opafn! jmj! ofljn! p|usjn!qsfenfupn/!Vuws}fop!kf!eb!qptmf!uphb!q•fmf!qpqsbwrbkv! ~fmjkf-!nbujdb!qp•jxf!v!xji!eb!qpmbaf!!kbkb/! ! 83/! V! •fnv! tf! tbtupkj! ujib! tnfob! nbujdf! j! lpmjlp! lpmjlp! nbuj•xblb! j{hsb}vkv!q•fmf!{b!xv@! j{hsb}vkv!q•fmf!{b!xv@ Ujib! tnfob! )tbnptnfob*! kf! pemj•ob! obtmfeob! ptpcjob! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! lpe! lphb! kf! j{sbafop! petvtuwp! spkfxb/!

67


Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tbnp! {bnfxvkf! nbujdv! lpkb! kf! j{hvcjmb! tqptpcoptu! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb-! jmj! tf! kbwrbkv! qswj! {obdj! tubsfxb-! jmj! nbujdb! jnb! oflj! esvhj! ofeptububl/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! q•fmf! pcj•op! j{hsb}vkv! 3! ep! 4! nbuj•xblb! )qpoflbe! npaf! eb! cvef! j! wj|f*-! lpkj! tv! wfmjlj! j! pcjmop! qpqvxfoj! nmf•pn/! Qptubwrfoj! tv! wfsujlbmop! j! cmj{v! kfebo! esvhpn! v! wsiv! tb~b! ob! epcsp! {b|uj~fopn! nftuv/! Nbujdf! j{! ujif! tnfof! tv! wsmp! lwbmjufuof! j! {bup!ji!usfcb!twf!jtlpsjtujuj/! ! 84/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!gfspnpoj@! 84/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!gfspnpoj@! Gfspnpoj! lpkf! mv•f! jotfluj! tv! blujwof! nbufsjkf! lpkf! vuj•v!ob!gj{jpmp|lp!tubxf!j!qpob|bxf!joejwjevb!qpkfejob•op! jmj!•jubwf!wstuf/!Ubk!ob{jw!kf!qsfempafo!pe!ofnb•lji!obv•ojlb! Lbsmtpob! j! Mkv|fsb! 2:6:/! hpejof/! Efktuwp! gfspnpob! kf! jtqjujwbop! obkwj|f! lpe! pqoplsjmji! jotflbub! )nsbwj! j! q•fmb*/Vuws}fop! kf! eb! q•fmf! mv•f! usj! ujqb! gfspnpob;! psjkfoubdjpoj-! {b|ujuoj! j! sb{nopabwbkv~j/! Psjkfoubdjpof! gfspnpof! mv•j! Obtpopwb! amf{eb-! {b|ujuoj! gfspnpoj! tv! vuws~foj! v! tflsfuv! hpsxp! wjmj•of! )nboejcvmbsof*! amf{ef! j! v! puspwojn! amf{ebnb/! Sb{nopabwbkv~j! gfspnpoj! tv! qp{obuj! lbp! nbuj•ob!nbufsjkb!)wjej!qjubxf!92*/!Qspj{wpej!hb!nboejcvmbsob! amf{eb!nbujdf!j!tqsf•bwb!sb{wpk!kbkojlb!lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!){b! amf{ef!wjej!qjubxf!241!ep!243!j!253*/! ! 85/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf@! 85/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf@! Nbujdf! tf! pcfmfabwbkv! obk•f|~f! ob! 5! ob•job;! b*! tjoufuj•ljn! cpkbnb-! c*! tubojpmpwjn! lsvaj~jnb-! w*! lsvaj~jnb! pqbmjub!j!h*!qpesf{jwbxfn!lsjmb/! !!!!!!!!!! 86/!Lpmjlp!cpkb!tf!lpsjtuj!{b!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb@ 86/!Lpmjlp!cpkb!tf!lpsjtuj!{b!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb@! tf!lpsjtuj!{b!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb@! Qsfnb! Bqjnpoejkj! {b! pcfmfabwbxf! nbujdb! lpsjtuf! tf! cfmb-! avub-! dswfob-! {fmfob! j! qmbwb! cpkb/! Oqs/! {b! 2::2.cfmb-! 2::3.avub-! 2::4.dswfob-! 2::5.{fmfob-! 2::6.qmbwb-! qb! tf! {b!

68


tmfef~f! hpejof! qpobwrb/! Pcfmfabwbkv! tf! tbnp! pqmp}fof! nbujdf/! ! 87/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!cpkbnb@! 87/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!cpkbnb@! [b! pcfmfabwbxf! nbujdb! qspebkf! tf! lpnqmfu! cpkb/! [b! pesf}fov! lbmfoebstlv! hpejov! lpsjtuj! tf! pesf}fob! cpkb/! Blp! kf! cpkb! hvtub! sb{sf}vkf! tf! bdfupopn! ublp! eb! of! cvef! uf•ob/! Qsfuipeop! tf! qsjqsfnj! •jpeb! jmj! •b•lbmjdb! jmj! {bp|usfop! eswdf! |jcjdf! jmj! pcj•bo! tusvl! usbwf/! Nbujdb! lpkb! tf! pcfmfabwb! iwbub! tf! eftopn! svlpn! j! qpupn! tf! qptubwrb! j{nf}v! qbmdb! j! lbajqstub! b! pep{ep! tf! qpevqjsf! tsfexjn! qstupn/! Lsbkfn! •jpef! )jmj! •b•lbmjdf*! oboptj! tf! nbmb! lbq! cpkf! ob! tsfexj!efp!mf}b!nbujdf-!eb!tf!pcsb{vkf!lsvaj~!qsf•ovlb!3!nn/! Sbej! tf! qbarjwp! eb! tf! cpkb! of! tmjwb/! Lbe! cpkb! jtqbsj! j! ofqsjkbubo! njsjt! bdfupob! j|•f{of-! nbujdb! tf! npaf! wsbujuj! v! lp|ojdv/!Qsfqpsv•vkf!tf!eb!tf!qsf!uphb!qpmjkf!wpepn/! ! 88/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!!tb!tubojpmpwjn!lsvaj~jnb@ 88/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!!tb!tubojpmpwjn!lsvaj~jnb@! lsvaj~jnb@! Pwbk! ob•jo! pcfmfabwbxb! nbujdb! kf! obkcprj! bmj! usbaj! nophp! sbeb-! kfs! usbaj! qptfcov! qsjqsfnv! twblph! tubojpmpwph! {oblb/! Pcpkfoj! tubojpmpwj! mjtuj~j! tv! ovnfsjtboj! pe! 2! ep! ::! )wjej!qjubxf!6:9*/!Eb!tf!of!tljov!cspklf!j!eb!tv!evhp!{b|uj~fof-! qpws|job! mjtuj~b! tf! qsfnbaf! |fmblpn/! Lbeb! |fmbl! jtqbsj-! tubojpmpwj!mjtuj~j!tb!pesf}fojn!cspkfwjnb!tf!j{sf{vkv!ublp!eb! pehpwbsbkv! wfmj•joj! j! pcmjlv! mf}b! nbujdf/! [bup! ji! usfcb! qptubwjuj! ob! lbsupo! tb! mjdfn! ob! epmf! j! tb! hvnfojn! |bcmpopn! eb!tf!obqsbwj!nbmp!vevcrfxf/!Qsjqsfnrfo!{obl!j!mf}b!nbujdf! tf! obnbav! mfqlpn/! [ujn! tf! {obl! qsjujtlb! tb! qsfeipeop! pwmbafojn!lsbkfn!•b•lbmjdf!ob!mf}b!nbujdf/!Qsj!pcfmfabwbxv! nbujdb!tf!esaj!svlpn!ob!ob•jo!pqjtbo!v!qjubxv!87/!Tubojpmpwj! {obdj!tv!kbslj!j!nbujdb!pcfmfafob!tb!xjnb!!mblp!tf!sbtqp{obkf! •bl!j!v!obkkb•jn!esv|uwjnb/! ! 89/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!tb!lsvaj~jnb!pe!pqbmjub@! 89/!Lblp!tf!pcfmfabwbkv!nbujdf!tb!lsvaj~jnb!pe!pqbmjub@!

69


Lsvaj~j!pe!pqbmjub!tv!qsf•ojlb!3!nn/-!ob!xjnb!tv!pcj•op! oboftfof!cspklf!jmj!tmpwb!b!qpoflbe!tv!cf{!p{oblb/!Lpsjtuf!tf!6! cpkb! )wjej! qjubxf! 86*/! Ob! mf}b! nbujdf! tf! oboptj! •jtup! tjoufuj•lp! mfqjmp! ob! lpkf! tf! •b•lbmjdpn! qsjujtlb! lsvaj~! pe! pqbmjub!v!pesf}fopk!cpkj/!Ofqpwprop!lpe!pwph! ob•job!kf!up!|up! tv! lsvaj~j! pe! pqbmjub! nbu! j! pcfmfafof! nbujdf! uf|lp! tf! vp•bwbkv!v!lp|ojdj/! ! 8:/!Eb!mj!kf!tjhvsop!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb!qpesf{jwbxfn!lsjmb@ 8:/!Eb!mj!kf!tjhvsop!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb!qpesf{jwbxfn!lsjmb@! sjmb@! Oflj! q•fmbsj! pcfmfabwbkv! nbujdv! ublp! |up! kpk! qpesfav! mfwp! lsjmp! v! ofqbsopk! b! eftop! v! qbsopk! hpejoj/! Poj! {bnfxvkv! nbujdf! twblf! esvhf! hpejof/! Pwbk! ob•jo! pcfmfabwbxb! kf! oftjhvsbo!j!wsmp!twjsfq-!•ftup!tf!v!nblb{bnb!ob}f!oflb!pe!ophv! nbujdf/!P|uf~fob!nbujdb!tf!uf|lp!pulsjwb!v!lp|ojdj!j!{bup!tf! pwbk!ob•jo!pcfmfabwbxb!of!qsfqpsv•vkf/! ! 91/![b|up!tf!of!pcfmfabwbkv!ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf@! 91/![b|up!tf!of!pcfmfabwbkv!ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf@! Ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf!tv!nophp!qplsfuof!j!qmb|rjwf!j!lsjkv! tf!ob!uf|lp!eptuvqojn!nftujnb/!Pof!•ftup!j{mf~v!j{!lp|ojdf!j! qp|up!ojtv!pqmp~fof!nphv!eb!tf!j{hvcf/!Cpkbarjwb!nbujdb!npaf! nophp! mblp! eb! cvef! qpwsf}fob! qsj! iwbubxv-! {bup! tf! nbujdf! pcfmfabwbkv!qptmf!pqmpexf/! ! 92/!\ub!kf!nbuj•ob!nbufsjkb@! 92/!\ub!kf!nbuj•ob!nbufsjkb@! Nbuj•ob! nbufsjkb! kf! gfspnpo! tb! tqfdjgj•ojn! njsjtpn-! qspj{wfefo! pe! hpsxpwjmj•of! )nboejcvmbsof*! amf{ef! nbujdf/! Efktuwp! j! qpsflmp! ojtv! qpuqvop! qspv•foj/! [biwbrvkv~j! upk! nbufsjkj! q•fmf! {obkv! lbeb! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! jnb! nbujdb/! Q•fmf! sbejmjdf! mjav! gfspnpo! tb! ufmb! nbujdf! j! qsfebkv! hb! esvhjn! q•fmbnb/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! up! qsp|jsvkf! cs{p! ob! dfmp! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp/!Lbeb!nbujdb!vhjof!jmj!tf!j{hvcj-!qsfebwbxf! nbuj•of! nbufsjkf! tf! qsfljeb! j! ublp! q•fmf! ptf~bkv! eb! xjipwb! nbujdb!ofeptubkf/! !

70


!

Usvupwj! Usvupwj! ! 93/!Lpmjlp!usvupwb!npaf!eb!jnb!v!kfeopn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! 93/!Lpmjlp!usvupwb!npaf!eb!jnb!v!kfeopn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@ V! kfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! npaf! eb! jnb! ! ! pe! 3/111! ep! 4/111! usvupwb/! Nbujdb! nf}vujn-! npaf! eb! qpmpaj! oflpmjlp! eftfujob! ijrbeb! usvupwtlji! kbkb-! blp! tf! v! ajwpu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! nf|b! q•fmbs-! lbeb-! ! ! ob! qsjnfs-! ! jtqjsb! kbkb! wpepn! eb! cj!ob!ubk!ob•jo!tqsf•jp!spkfxf!lpe!kblph!esv|uwb/! ! 94/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!usvub@! 94/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!usvub@! Usvupwj! )tm/5*! ajwf! ep! qpmb! hpejof!j!pcj•op!vhjov!qsjspeopn!tns~v/! Qp|up! jtqvof! kfejotuwfov! j! obkwbaojkv! gvoldjkv! eb! pqmpef! nbujdv! qptubkv! ofqpusfcoj!{b!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp/!Q•fmf! jn!of!ep{wprbwbkv!eb!tf!isbof!j!j{hpof! ji! j{! lp|ojdf/! Pcj•op! ptmbcfmj! j! jtdsqrfoj! usvupwj! qbebkv! tb! qpmfubrlf! )vmb{b*! ob! {fnrv! j! qsf! wsfnfob! vhjov/! Blp! nphv! eb! mfuf! poj! usbaf! tlmpoj|uf! v! q•fmjxjn! esv|uwjnb! cf{! nbujdf! hef! cvev! sbep! Tm/!5/!Usvu! qsjnrfoj!v!kftfo/! ! 95/!Lpmjlp!kf!ufabl!usvu@! 95/!Lpmjlp!kf!ufabl!usvu@! Qp! qpebdjnb! •fiptmpwb•lji! jtusbajwb•b! )Ifkunbofl! j! es/*! tsfexb! ufajob! usvub! kf! v! hsbojdbnb! pe! 348-:! ep! 351! nh/! Qswj! cspk! tf! peoptj! ob! lbwlbtlf! usvupwf! b! esvhj! ob! fwspqtlf/! Pesbtmj! usvupwj! tv! mbl|j! pe! ufl! j{mfafoji/! Tsfexb! ufajob! nmbeji! usvupwb! lbwlbtlf! sbtf! kf! 3:5-:! nh/! b! fwspqtlf! 362-6! nh/! Ufajob!ijcsjeoji!usvupwb!wbsjsb!!j{nf}v!362-5!j!399-9!nh/! ! 96/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!kf!usvu!tqptpcbo!eb!pqmpej!nbujdv@! 96/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!kf!usvu!tqptpcbo!eb!pqmpej!nbujdv@!

71


Qsfnb!qpebdjnb!oflji!jtusbajwb•b!usvu!npaf!eb!pqmpej! nbujdv! j{nf}v! 9/! j! 25/! Ebob! pe! j{mfhbxb/! V! tqfdjkbmop! qspwfefojn!phmfejnb!tb!wj|f!pe!7/111!usvupwb!!v!qfsjpev!pe!31/! nbkb! ep! 21/! kvmb! 2:63/! hpe/! V! q•fmjxbdjnb! Ujnjskb{fwtlf! blbefnjkf! ! kf! vuws}fop! eb! usvupwj! qptubkv! tqptpcoj! eb! pqmp}vkv! nbujdv! 21/! ebo! ! qp! j{mfhbxv/! Qptmf! 49/! ebob! xfhpwb! wjubmoptu! tf!tnbxvkf-!op!•bl!j!qptmf!61!ebob!48&!xji!sfbhvkf!ob!esbafxf/! Up!qplb{vkf!eb!j!lpe!uph!v{sbtub!)8!tfenjdb*!usvupwj!tv!tqptpcoj! eb! pqmpef! nbujdv/! J{! uphb! tmfej-! blp! q•fmbs! ip~f! eb! jnb! usvupwf!lpkj!nphv!eb!pqmpef-!ofpqipeop!kf-!qsj!vwp}fxv!nbujdf-! eb!tf!qsbuf!usvupwtlb!kbkb-!eb!cvev!toftfob!obknbxf!27!ebob!qsf! qpmbhbxb!ptopwb!{b!nbuj•xblf/! ! 97/!Lpkj!usvupwj!pqmp}bwbkv!nbujdv@! 97/!Lpkj!usvupwj!pqmp}bwbkv!nbujdv@! Nbujdv! pqmp}bwbkv! usvupwj! lpkj! tv! isbxfoj! pe! nmbeji! q•fmb-!tqptpcoj!eb!mv•f!tqfdjkbmoj!ipsnpo-!lpkj!qetuj•f!sb{wpk! qpmoji!pshbob/!Esvhj!usvupwj!tv!oflpsjtoj!j!q•fmf!ji!qsphpof!j{! lp|ojdf/! ! 98/!V!lpkf!epcb!ebob!j{mf~f!obkwj|f!usvupwb!j{!lp|ojdf!@ 98/!V!lpkf!epcb!ebob!j{mf~f!obkwj|f!usvupwb!j{!lp|ojdf!@! f~f!obkwj|f!usvupwb!j{!lp|ojdf!@! Qsfnb!Lfqfov!obkwj|f!usvupwb!j{mf~v!j{!lp|ojdf!j{nf}v! 24!j!26!tbuj! qsj!ujipn! wsfnfov!jufnqfsbuvsj!wb{evib!pe!33!ep! 43!°T/!Qswj!qvu!usvupwj!j{mf~v!5/!ebo!qp!j{mfhbxv/!Obkwf~j!cspk! j{mf~f! 21/! ep! 23/! ebob-! qptmfexj! 27/! ebo/! Obkwj|f! usvupwb! j{ws|f!eofwop!3!ep!5!qpmfub!b!poj!lpkj!j{mf~v!tbnp!kfebo!qvu!ob! ebo!ojtv!qpmop!{sfmj/! ! 99/!Nphv!mj!eb!pqmpef!nbujdv!usvupwj-! lpkj!tv!j{mfafoj!j{!kbkb! ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf!jmj!pe!kbkb!mbaof!nbujdf!@! ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf!jmj!pe!kbkb!mbaof!nbujdf!@! Usvupwj! j{mfafoj! j{! kbkb! ofpqmp}fof! nbujdf-! j{! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb-! tv! opsnbmop! sb{wjkfoj! j! tqptpcoj! {b! pqmpexv/!Usvupwj!j{mfafoj!pe!kbkb!mbaof!nbujdf!tv!ofsb{wjkfoj! j!ofqpepcoj!{b!pqmpexv/! !

72


9:/! Ob! ptopwv! •fhb! npaf! qsjcmjaop! eb! tf! pesfej! qp•fubl! nphv~fh!spkfxb@! nphv~fh!spkfxb@ Qp•fubl! nphv~fh! spkfxb! npaf! eb! tf! pesfej! qp! qswjn! kbkjnb! qpmpafojn! v! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! v! opsnbmopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv/! Blp! spkfxf! cvef! {besabop! {cph! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb-! pop! tf! npaf! p•fljwbuj! 43/! ebo! qptmf! qpmbhbxb!usvupwtlji!kbkb/!Lbeb!{ob!up!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!sfhvmj|f! qmfnfojup! vnopabwbxf! ublp-! eb! v! npnfouv! j{mfhbxb! nbujdf! v! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!jnb!qpmop!{sfmf!usvupwf/! ! :1/!Lblwb!kf!tqprb|xb!tusvluvsb!uscvib!usvub!@! :1/!Lblwb!kf!tqprb|xb!tusvluvsb!uscvib!usvub!@! Uscvi! usvub! )tm/6*! tf! tbtupkj! pe! hpsxji! mf}oji! j! epxji! uscv|oji! qmp•jdb! ob{wboji! pehpwbsbkv~f! ufshjuj! j! tufsojuj/! J{nf}v! tv! qpwf{boj! tb! cp•ojn! qstufopwjnb! –)! qmfwsjuj*/! Pewpkfoj! efmpwj! uscvib! tv! tfhnfouj/! Usvu! jnb! 8! mf}oji! j! 7! uscv|oji!tfhnfobub/!)Lpe!nbujdf!!j!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!tv!qp!23-)!7! mf}oji!j!7!uscv|oji*/!

Tm/!6/!Ufmp!usvub! ! 2-!3-!4!.!Ptopwb!ob!lpkv!tf!qsj•ws|.~vkv!ophf<!5!.– !uscv|oj! ! tfhnfouj<!6!.– !mf}oj!tfhnfouj<!7!.–!nftup!{b!qsj•ws|~jwbxf! ! lsjmb<!8!– .!tmpafop!)gbtfuop*!plp<!9!.–!cj•!boufof/ !

73


:2/!\ub!tf!obmb{j!ob!lsbkv!uscv|oph!efmb!usvub!@! :2/!\ub!tf!obmb{j!ob!lsbkv!uscv|oph!efmb!usvub!@! Ob! lsbkv! uscv|oph! efmb! usvub! obmb{j! tf! •fuljdb! pcsb{pwbob! pe! emb•jdb! qptmfexfh! tfhnfoub! j! ws|j! gvoldjkv! •vmoph!pshbob!)tm/7*/!

Tm/!7/!Uscvi!usvub!{bws|bwb! tf!•fuljdpn!

! :3/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!cfmppljn!usvupwjnb!@!! :3/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!cfmppljn!usvupwjnb!@ Cfmpplj!usvupwj!tv!opsnbmop!sb{wjkfoj!usvupwj-!bmj!tv!jn! tmpafof! )gbtfuof*! p•j! qplsjwfof! cfmj•btupn! tublmbtupn! pqojdpn!{cph!lpkf!of!wjef/![bup!qptmf!j{mfubxb!j{!lp|ojdf!poj! qbebkv! ob! {fnrv! j! of! nphv! eb! tf! wsbuf! ob{be/! Blp! tf! pqob! petusboj! qjodfupn! usvupwj! qsphmfebkv/! V! tmv•bkv! eb! tf! j{mfhv! cfmpplj!usvupwj!nbujdv!usfcb!qspnfojuj/! ! :4/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!usvupwjnb!peofhpwbojn!v!nbuj•xblv@ :4/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!usvupwjnb!peofhpwbojn!v!nbuj•xblv@! hpwbojn!v!nbuj•xblv@! Mbswf!usvub!j{mfafof!j{!nbuj•xblb!isbxfof!tv!pe!tusbof! q•fmb! nmf•pn/! Up! tv! vuwsejmj! tusv•xbdj! j{! Lbobef-! b! qpuws}fop! kf! v! Ofnb•lpk! qpnp~v! njlsptlpqtlph! eplb{jwbxb! qptupkbxb! qpmfob! v! isboj! uji! usvupwb/! Lbp! sf{vmubu! jtisbof! nmf•pn!uj!usvupwj!mv•f!nophp!wfmjlv!lpmj•jov!tqfsnf!|up!kf!v! {obuopk!nfsj!qbupmp|lb!qpkbwb/!

! Bobupnjkb!!q•fmf! Bobupnjkb!!q•fmf! ! :5/!Pe!•fhb!kf!j{hsb}fo!tlfmfu!q•fmf!@! :5/!Pe!•fhb!kf!j{hsb}fo!tlfmfu!q•fmf!@!

74


Tlfmfu! q•fmf! )tm/8*! kf! j{hsb}fo! pe! ijujob-! lpkj! qsfetubwrb!qpmjtbibsje!lpkj!tbesaj!b{pu/!Xfhpwb!tusvluvsb!kf! tmj•ob! tusvluvsj! dfmvmp{f! vlpmjlp! kf! v! xfhpwpn! tbtubwv! bdfujmhmvlp{bnjo/! Qp! uwsep~j! j! fmbtuj•optuj! ijujo! kf! tmj•bo! spabtupk! nbufsjkj! b! qpsfe! uphb! j! ifnjktlj! kf! nophp! tubcjmbo;! sbtuwbsb!tf!tbnp!qpnp~v!lvwbxb!v!lpodfouspwbopk!tvnqpsopk!jmj! tpopk! ljtfmjoj/! V! imbeopn! tubxv! kf! ofsbtuwpsjw! v! lbmjkfwpk! ptopwj!j!sb{sf}fopk!ljtfmjoj/! !

! ! Tm/!8/!Tqprb|xb!hsb}b!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! ! ! ! 2/!hmbwb<!3/!hsvej<!4/!uscvi<!5/!boufof<!6/!qsptuf!p•j<!7/!tmpafof! ! p•j<!8/!hpsxb!wjmjdb!)nboejcvmb*<!9/!tvsmjdb<!:/!kf{j•bl<!21/! ! epxb!wjmjdb<!22/!qsfexf!lsjmp<!23/!{bexf!lsjmp<!24/!ejtbkoj! ! puwps<!25/!qsfexb!ophb<!26/!tsfexb!ophb<!27/!{bexb!ophb<!28/!– !. ! 2:/!hsveoj!tfhnfouj<!31/!qspqpefvn!)qswj!uscv|oj!tfhnfou!lpkj! ! vmb{j!v!tbtubw!hsvej*<!32/!– .!37/!uscv|oj!tfhnfouj<!38/!abplb/! ! !

75


:6/!_jnf!kf!qplsjwfop!ufmp!q•fmf!@! :6/!_jnf!kf!qplsjwfop!ufmp!q•fmf!@! Ufmp! q•fmf! kf! qplsjwfop! ebmblbnb;! qplsjwbkv~jn! ){b|ujuojn*-! tbcjsbkv~jn! j! ptfurjwjn! lpkf! tv! sb{mj•juph! pcmjlb! j! wfmj•jof/! Emblf! nphv! eb! cvev! kfeoptusbop! jmj! ewptusbop!sb{hsbobuf-!sbwof-!tbwjkfof!jue/!Oflf!pe!xji!tf!wjef! tbnp! qpe! njlsptlpqpn/Qplsjwbkv~f! emblf! |ujuf! ufmp! q•fmf! pe! imbeop~f/! Tb! tubsfxfn! q•fmf! pof! tf! mpnf! j! pqbebkv! j! {bup! qp! xjipwpk! hvtujoj! npaf! eb! tf! pdfoj! tbsptu! jotflub/! Tbcjsbkv~f! emb•jdf! tv! lsbulf! j! sbtqpsf}fof! tv! qp! dfmpn! ufmv/! Ptfurjwf! emb•jdf!jnbkv!gvoldjkv!lpe!•vmoji!pshbob/! ! :7/!\ub!tf!vuws}vkf!lpe!npsgpmp|lph!jtqjujwbxb!q•fmb!@! :7/!\ub!tf!vuws}vkf!lpe!npsgpmp|lph!jtqjujwbxb!q•fmb!@! Lpe! npsgpmp|lph! jtqjujwbxb-! lpe! q•fmb! tf! vuws}vkf! evajob! tvsmjdf-! cspk! lvljdb! ob! {bexfn! lsjmv-! mblbuoj! joeflt! )wjej! qjubxf! 313*-! evajob! j! |jsjob! usf~fh! uscv|oph! tfhnfoub! )tufsoju*! wfmj•job! qjhnfoujsbof! qpws|jof! usf~fh! ufshjub! uscvib-!evajob!hpmfojdf!j!tufqfo!qjhnfoubdjkf!)pcpkfoptuj*/! ! :8/!Pe!•fhb!tf!tbtupkj!twblj!hsveoj!j!uscv|oj!tfhnfou!q•fmf!@! :8/!Pe!•fhb!tf!tbtupkj!twblj!hsveoj!j!uscv|oj!tfhnfou!q•fmf!@! Hsvej! q•fmf! ! ! tf! tbtupkf! pe! 5! •wstup! tqpkfob! tfhnfoub-! twblj! pe! xji! kf! j{hsb}fo! pe! 5! qmp•jdf-! hpsxb! mf}ob-! epxb! uscv|ob! j! ewf! cp•of/! Usj! qbsb! ophv! tv! qsj•ws|~fob! {b! cp•of! qmp•jdf! ob! 2/! 3/! j! 4/! hsveopn! tfhnfouv/! Lsjmb! tv! v•ws|~fob! j{nf}v! cp•oji! j! hpsxji! qmp•jdb! ob! 3/! j! 4/! hsveopn! tfhnfouv/! Qpsfe! uphb! ob! hsvejnb! tf! obmb{j! usj! qbsb! ejtbkoji! puwpsb! ob{wboji! tujhnj! )wjej! qjubxf! 213*/! Pe! xji! obkwbaojkj! qbs! tf! obmb{j! ob! esvhpn! tfhnfouv! jtqpe! qsfexfh! lsbkb! qswph! qbsb! lsjmb/! Uscvi! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! nbujdf! tf! tbtupkj! pe! 7! qplsfurjwp! tqpkfoji! tfhnfobub/! Ob! pcf! tusbof! ob! ufshjujnb! )mf}oj! tfhnfouj*! tv! sbtqpsf}foj! ejtbkoj! puwpsj! b! pe! 4/! ep! 7/! tufsojub!)uscv|oj!tfhnfou*!wp|ubof!!amf{ef!)wjej!qjubxf!251*/! Hsb}b!uscvib!usvub!pqjtbob!kf!v!qjubxv!:1/! ! :9/!Lpmjlp!p•jkv!jnb!q•fmb!@! :9/!Lpmjlp!p•jkv!jnb!q•fmb!@!

76


Q•fmb!jnb!ewb!ujqb!p•jkv!–!qsptuf!j!tmpafof/!Vlvqbo!cspk!kf! 6!j!jtuj!kf!lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf-!nbujdf!j!usvub/!Qsptuji!p•jkv!kf! 4/! Tbtupkf! tf! j{! kfeoph! jtqvq•foph! tp•jwb! j! qptubwrfof! tv! ob! ufnfov! hmbwf! )tm/9*/! Tmpafoji! p•jkv! kf! 3! ! j! obmb{b! tf! tb! pcf! tusbof! hmbwf/! Pof! tv! wsmp! wfmjlf! j! tbtubwrfof! tv! pe! wfmjlph! cspkb! qsptuji! p•jkv! lpkf! tv! qptubwrfof! hvtup! kfeop! ep! esvhph! j! jnbkv! pcmjl! |ftuvhbpoph! tp•jwb! j! ob{wbof! tv! gbtfulf/! [bup! tf! tmpafof!p•j!lpe!q•fmf!{pwv!gbtfuof!p•j/!Pof!tv!wbabo!pshbo!{b! psjkfoubdjkv/! Qpws|job! tmpafoph! plb! kf! qplsjwfob! emb•jdbnb! )lpkf! j{mb{f! tb! lsbkfwb! gbtfulj*! lpkf! nf}vujn! of! tnfubkv! q•fmbnb! eb! wjef! /! Epcjkfoj! mjl! pe! tmpafoji! p•jkv! kf! ofkbtbo-! np{bj•bo/! P|usjob! nv! tf! ebkf! pe! qsptuji! p•jkv/! Pof! tmvaf! {b! lpsejobdjkv!qsj!mfufxv/! ! ! ! ! Tm/!9/!Hmbwb!q•fmf! ! 2/! tmpafop! gbtfuop! plp<! 3/! {bws|op! •mbo•f! )lpmfodf*! boufof<! 4/! •fmp<! 5/! pcsb{<! 6/! •fpoj! |uju<! 7/! wjmjdb<! 8/! qsptuf! p•j<! ! 9/! ufnf<! :/! fqjlsbojbmoj! |bw<! 21/! ptopwoj! •mbo•j~! boufof! )tlbqvt*<! 22/! cj•! boufof<! 23/! hpsxb! vtob<! 24/! epxb! vtob! )qjqbmp*<! 25/! kf{j•bl<! 26/! “’”″lb|j•jdb″!ob!kf{j•lv/! !

77


! ::/!Lpkf!tv!wfmj•jof!tmpafof!p•j!q•fmf!@!! ::/!Lpkf!tv!wfmj•jof!tmpafof!p•j!q•fmf!@ Qpws|job! tmpafoph! plb! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! jnb! 3-3! nn/! lwbesbuob-! lpe! nbujdf! 2-9! nn/! lwbesbuoji-! b! usvub! :-15! nn/! lwbesbuoji/! ! 211/!Pe!lpmjlp!qsptuji!p•jkv!kf!j{hsb}fop!tmpafop!plp!q•fmf!@ 211/!Pe!lpmjlp!qsptuji!p•jkv!kf!j{hsb}fop!tmpafop!plp!q•fmf!@! op!plp!q•fmf!@! Tmpafop! plp! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! kf! j{hsb}fop! pe! plp! 5/111! qsptuji! p•jkv! )gbtfulj! *-! lpe! nbujdf! plp! 4/611! j! lpe! usvub! plp! :/111/! ! 212/!Lblp!tf!pcsb{vkf!j!|ub!qsftubwrb!qjhnfou!fqjefsnjtb!lpe! q•fmb@! q•fmb@! Fqjefsnjt! lpe! q•fmb! kf! pcpkfo! nfmbojopwjn! qjhnfoupn-! cpkf! pe! dsop! lbgfof! ep! dsof-! epcjkb! tf! qsj! pltjebdjkj! nfmbophfob! )puqbeoj! qspevlu! lpe! sb{hsbexf! cfmbo•fwjob*/! Pltjebdjpoj! qspdft! tf! pcbwrb! v! qsjtvtuwv! fo{jnb! pltjeb{b! •jkb!lpodfousbdjkb!v!lswopk!uf•optuj!)ifnpmjngj*!mvulf!kf!nophp! wfmjlb-! ublp! eb! qp•jxf! eb! tf! cpkj! fqjefsn/! Ubnop! pcpkfof! tv! pcj•op! pof! q•fmf! lpkf! tf! s{wjkbkv! qsj! ojtljn! ufnqfsbuvsbnb/! Lpe! xji! tf! lbp! sf{vmubu! qpwf~bof! lpo{vnbdjkf! isbof! pcsb{vkf! wj|f!puqbeoji!nbufsjkb!)qp!Lsftblv*-! ! 213/! \ub! qsfetubwrbkv! puwpsj! {b! ejtbxf! j! lpkj! kf! xjipw! cspk! cspk! lpe!mbswj!j!lpe!!pesbtmi!q•fmb@! lpe!mbswj!j!lpe!!pesbtmi!q•fmb@! Ejtbkoj!tjtufn!lpe!q•fmb!kf!tbtubwrfo!pe!ejtbkoji!puwpsb! )tujhnj*-! wb{evipoptoji! usvcjdb! )usbifkb*-! wb{evipoptof! lpnpsf! j! gjmusjsbkv~ji! sf|fulj! pe! emb•jdb/! Qpnp~v! ejtbkoph! tjtufnb! ljtfpojl! j{! wb{evib! tf! qsfoptj! v! ~fmjkf! b! pe! xji! obqprf! tf! pewpej!vhrfoejpltje!j!wpefob!qbsb/!Q•fmf!j!mbswf!jnbkv!qp!21! qbsj! ejtbkoji! puwpsb! )tm/:*! tb! twblf! tusbof! ufmb! )4! qbsb! ob! hsvejnb!j!8!ob!uscviv*/! !

78


Tm/!:/!21!qbsj!ejtbkoji!puwpsb!)tujhnj*! sbtqqpsf}foji!tb!tusbof!ob!ufmv!q•fmf/!!

214/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!! 214/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!!″ ubwrb!!″lb|j•jdb!″ lb|j•jdb! ″!j!{b!|ub!kf!lpsjtuf!q•fmf@! !j!{b!|ub!kf!lpsjtuf!q•fmf@! Vtoj! bqbsbu! q•fmf! kf! tmpafof! hsb}f/! Uv! tf! vp•bwb! tbnp! tvsmjdb! j! kf{j•j~/! Tvsmjdb! kf! tbtubwrfob! pe! ewf! tqprb|xf! qmp•jdf! ob! epxpk! wjmjdj! j! pe! ewb! epxpvtob! qjqlb/! Ob! ublbw! ob•jo! tf! pcsb{vkf! tmj•optu! tb! usvcjdpn! qpnp~v! lpkf! q•fmf! vtvtbwbkv! uf•optu/! Qsflp! tvsmjdf! qsfmb{j! kf{j•j~! lpkj! tf! ob!

Tm/!21/! ″Lb|j•jdb″!ob! lsbkv!kf{j•lb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf/! ! 2/!qphmfe! pep{hp<! 3/!qphmfe!tb! tusbof<! 4/!qphmfe! pep{ep<! 5/!puwpsj!{b! vlvt/!

79


wsiv! {bws|bwb! tb! plsvhmjn! efmpn! ″lb|j•jdpn″! )tm/21*/! Q•fmf! lpsjtuf! kf{j•bl! tb! ″lb|j•jdpn″! lpe! qsfebwbxb! isbof! kfeob! esvhpk! j! {b! mj{bxf! nbmji! lpmj•job! tmbulf! uf•optuj! •bl! j! tb! qpws|jof!ufmb!esvhji!q•fmb/! ! 215/! Hef! kf! qptubwrfop! •vmp! njsjtb! lpe! usvub! qpnp~v! lphb! po! qspobmb{j!ofpqmp}fov!nbujdv@! qspobmb{j!ofpqmp}fov!nbujdv@! [b!qspobmbafxf!ofpqmp}fof!nbujdf!usvu!jnb!cj•btuj!efp! )cj•j~*! ob! boufoj! tb! kfeojn! •mbopn! wj|f! pe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf/! )Lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!nbujdf!pob!kf!tbtubwrfob!pe!21!•mboblb! b!lpe!usvub!tb!22*/!T!pc{jspn!ob!ptfurjwptu!qsjkfn!lpe!nbujdf! j! usvub! kf! 2;26! /! V! 21! •mboblb! cj•j~b! ob! twblpk! boufoj! lpe! nbujdf!jnb!plp!3/111!njsjtoji!~fmjkb!)lpkf!tf!ob{jwbkv!qmp•jdf! tb!qpsbnb*!epl!lpe!usvub!cspk!jn!eptujaf!j!ep!41/111/! ! 216/!Hef!tf!obmb{j!tmv|oj!pshbo!lpe!q•fmf@! 216/!Hef!tf!obmb{j!tmv|oj!pshbo!lpe!q•fmf@! Q•fmf! qsjnbkv! sb{of! {wv•of! obesbabkf-! oqs/! ublp{wbop! qfwbxf! nbujdf! )•vkv~j! hb! pof! {b! usfovubl! qptubkv! ofqplsfuof*!! bmj! of! qpeoptf! {wvl! lpkj! oqs/! pebkf! lptb! j! {bup! penbi! obqbebkv! lptb•b/! Tmv|oj! pshbo! lpe! q•fmf! qsfetubwrb! ipsepupobmov! )tusvoov*! hsb}v! •jkb! kf! lsjwjob! tb! pqopn! lbp! nfncsbob/! Qptubwrfo! kf! ob! esvhpn! •mbolv! boufof! ob{wbopn! lpmfodf/! Lpe! twblph! {wvlb! jmj! wb{ev|oph! ubmbtbxb! qmp•jpdf! ob! upn! ptfurjwpn! pshbov! usfqfsf! lbp! tusvof! j! p{ob•bwbkv! eb! epmb{j! |vn!{b!tmv|oj!pshbo/! ! 217/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!boufof!lpe!q•fmf!@! 217/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!boufof!lpe!q•fmf!@! Boufof! lpe! q•fmf! )tm/22*! qsfetubwrbkv! •vmof! pshbof! qptubwrfof! ob! •fpopn! efmv! hmbwf/! Twblb! kf! tbtubwrfob! pe! 23! •mbo•j~b! )lpe! usvub! kf! 24*/! _mbo•j~j! ob! boufobnb! tv! |vqrj! j! pcsb{vkv! djmjoesj•ov! •mbolpwjuv! usvcjdv! qpqvxfov! tb! gjojn! uljwpn!lsp{!lpkv!qspmb{f!lswoj!tvepwj!j!sb{hsbobuj!ofswj/!Oflj! jtusbajwb•j! sb{mjlvkv! lpe! boufof! 6! •vmoji! pshbob/! Qpws|job! qptmfexfh! •mbolb! )gmbhfmvnb*! ob! cj•btupn! efmv! boufof! kf!

80


qfsgpsjsbob!v!pcmjlv!nsfaf/!Ptopwoj!•mbo•j~!ob!boufoj!qsflp! lpkfhb! tf! pob! qpwf{vkf! tb! hmbwpn! q•fmf! {pwf! tf! tlbqvt/! Xfhpw! qspevafubl! kf! esvhj! plsf~v~j! •mbo•j~! )lpmfodf*! lpkj! ebkf! boufoj! nphv~optu! eb! tf! tbwjkb<! ptubmj! •mbo•j~j! pcsb{vkv! cj•btuj! efp! )cj•j~*! ob! boufoj/! Ob! nftuv! hef! kf! qsj•ws|~fo! tlbqvt! tb! hmbwpn! q•fmf-! sbtqpsf}fob! tv! 5! nj|j~b! qpnp~v! lpkji! tf! boufob! npaf! qplsfubuj! v! twjn! qsbwdjnb/Lbeb! tf! puljof! boufob!q•fmb!hvcj!tqptpcoptu!psjkfoubdjkf/! ! Tm/! 22/! Boufob! q•fmf! )B! –.! qphmfe! pep{hp<!C!.–!qsftfl*;! !!2/!cj•! !!3/!{bws|oj!•mbo•j~!)lpmfodf*! !!4/!•vmop!sftj•btuj!tjtufn! !!5/!kbnjdb!Ypotupopwph!pshbob! !!6/!nj|j~j!tlbqvtb! !!7/!ptopwoj!•mbo•j~!)tlbqvt*! !!8/!{hmpc! !!9/!nj|j~j! !!:/!usfqrbtuj!•vmoj!pshbo! 21/!!pnpub•!boufof!

!

! 218/!Lblp!tf!{pwv!qpkfejoj!•mbo•j~j!ob!ophbnb!q•fmf!@! 218/!Lblp!tf!{pwv!qpkfejoj!•mbo•j~j!ob!ophbnb!q•fmf!@! Q•fmf!jnbkv!qp!usj!qbsb!ophv/!Twblb!ophb!kf!tbtubwrfob!pe! tmfef~ji! •mbo•j~b! )tm/23*;! cvuob! hmbwjdb! )lpltb*-! cvuop! qstufo•f! )uspiboufs*-! cvu-! dfwbojdb! j! tupqbmp/! Tupqbmp! tf! tbtupkj!pe!6!•mbo•j~b!pe!lpkji!kf!obksb{wjkfojkj!qswj!)qfub*-!b!ob! qptmfexfn! tf! obmb{f! opluj~! j! kbtuv•j~/! Qpsfe! uphb! ob! qswpn! qbsv! ophv! jnb! qpmvplsvhmj! •f|rj~! lpkj! tmvaj! {b! •j|~fxf! boufof! )wjej! qjubxf! 21:*/! Ob! tsfexfn! qbsv! ophv! tf! obmb{j! jhmbtub! j{sbtmjob! )nbnv{b*! qpnp~v! lpkf! q•fmb! jtupwbsj! qpmfo! obhpnjmbo!kpk!ob!{bexjn!ophbnb-!v!~fmjkf/!Ob!{bexjn!ophbnb!jnb!

81


vsf}bk! {b! qsfop|fxf! tblvqrfoph! qpmfob! tb! dwfupwb-! pe! cjrlf! ep! lp|ojdf! ob{wbo! lpsqjdb! j! qrptobub! j{sbtmjob! )qsftb*! tb! lpkpn!q•fmb!qsjujtlb!qpmfo!v!lpsqjdv/! !

Tm/!23/!Qsfexb!ophb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! 2/ cvuob!hmbwjdb!)lpltb*! 3/ cvuop!qstufo•f!)uspiboufs*! 4/ cvu! 5/ dfwbojdb! 6/ qfub! 7/ tupqbmoj!•mbo•j~! 8/ opluj~!tb!kbtuv•j~fn!

219/! Qp! •fnv! tf! sb{mjlvkv! ophf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! pe! ophv! nbujdf!@!! nbujdf!@ Qfuf!)wjej!qjubxf!221*!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!tv!qsjmbhp}fof!{b! qsfopt! qpmfob! j! {b! j{wmb•fxf! wp|uboji! qmp•jdb! j{! uscv|oji! tfhnbobub!)tufsojub*/!Ublwv!tqptpcoptu!ofnb!nbujdb/!Ptjn!uphb!

82


ophf!nbujdf!j!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!tv!sb{mj•juf!cpkf/!Lpe!nbujdf!tv! lbgfof!blpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!tv!dsof/! ! 21:/!Lblp!q•fmf!•jtuf!twpkf!boufof!@ 21:/!Lblp!q•fmf!•jtuf!twpkf!boufof!@! !@! ! Twf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! jnbkv! ob! hpsxfn! efmv! qfuf! ob! qswpn! qbsv!)qsfexji*!ophv!qpmvlsvaoj!j{sf{!phsb}fo!•wstujn!lsbuljn! emb•jdbnb-! lpkf! pcsb{vkv! qpmvlsvaoj! •f|rj~-! lpkj! kf! qplsjwfo! tb!j{sbtmjopn!ob!dfwbojdj!ob!ublbw!ob•jo!eb!tf!pcsb{vkf!puwps! )tm/24*/!V!ubk!puwps!q•fmb!vwmb•j!boufov!j!qsjesabwb!kf!qpnp~v!

Tm/! 24/! Gvoldjpobmoj! fmfnfouj! ob! qsfexfn! qbsv! ophv! q•fmf! sbejmjdf/! ! 2/!lpabtuj!j{sb|ubk!)wfoujm*! 3/! j{sf{! tb! •fuljdpn! {b! •j|~fxf!qjqblb!

j{sbtmjof! j! qsfwmb•j! kf! oflpmjlp! qvub! qsflp! •f|rj~b/! Ublp! pob!qsp•j|~b!boufojdf!pe!qsb|jof!j!esvhji!qsrbw|ujob/Q•fmf! sfepwop! •jtuf! twpkf! boufojdf-! kfs! kf! v! xjnb! sbtqpsf}fo! wfmjlj! cspk!•vmoji!pshbob/!! ! 221/! Lblp! tf! ob{jwbkv! emb•jdf! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! qfubnb! ophv! q•fmf!@! q•fmf!@! Qfub! kf! qswj! j! obkwf~j! tupqbmoj! •mbo•j~/! Tb! vovusb|xf! tusbof! tf! obmb{j! oflpmjlp! sfej! emb•jdb-! pcsb{vkv~j! •fuljdf! qpnp~v! lpkji! q•fmb! qsp•j|~bwb! ufmp! pe! qpmfob! {bmfqrfoph! {b! xfhb/! Lpe! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! •fuljdf! ob! {bexjn! ophbnb! tv!

83


vtnfsfof! ob! epmf! j! sbtqpsf}fof! tv! qbsbmfmop! v! :! ep! 22! sfej! )tm/25*/!Pof!tmvaf!q•fmj!{b!tblvqrbxf!qpmfob/!! ! ! Tm/!25/![bexb!ophb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! 2/!dfwbojdb! 3/!•f|rj~! 4/!•fuljdb!{b!tblvqrbxf!qpmfob! 5/!qfub! ! ! ! ! ! Tm/! 26/! Emb•jdf! )2*! ob! eov! lpsqjdf! {b!tblvqrbxf!qpmfob/!! ! ! ! ! ! ! 222/! Lblwv! gvoldjkv! jnbkv! emb•jdf! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! eov! lpsqjdf! {b! tblvqrbxf!qpmfob!@! tblvqrbxf!qpmfob!@ Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb! uf! emb•jdf! jhsbkv! wbaov! vmphv! lpe! tblvqrbxb! qpmfob! j! gpsnjsbxb! mpqujdb! pe! xfhb! )tm/26*/! Blp! emb•jdf! cvev! efmjnj•op! tlsb~fof! mpqujdf! qpmfob! cjwbkv! nbxf-! b! blp! tf! petusbof! qpuqvop-! mpqujdf! vpq|uf! of~f! eb! tf! {besaf! v! lpsqjdbnb/! Sf{vmubu! qptnbusbxb!

84


tlmbejsbxb!qpmfob!!nophji!dwfupwb!v!lpsqjdbnb-!vuws}fop!kf!eb! hb! q•fmf! tmbav! tqjsbmop! plp! emb•jdb! qpnp~v! tsfexfh! qbsb! ophv/! ! 223/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tubujdj!q•fmjxfh!mfub!@! 223/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tubujdj!q•fmjxfh!mfub!@! Q•fmf! mfuf! qpnp~v! ewb! qbsb! lsjmb! )tm/27*-! lpkb! tv! qsjmjlpn!mfub!tqpkfob!nf}v!tpcpn!ob!tmfef~j!ob•jo;!lvljdf!ob! qsfexfn! lsbkv! {bexji! lsjmb! vqbebkv! v! obcpsf! )arfc•j~f*! ob! {bexfn!lsbkv!qsfexji!lsjmb/!Cspk!lvljdb!ob!kfeopn!lsjmv!kf!pe! 24! ep! 3:/! _jn! q•fmb! qsjcmjaj! qsfexb! lsjmb! ufmv-! lvljdf! tf! tbnf! pulb•f! pe! arfc•j~b! ob! ajmjdj-! v! pcmjlv! usvcf! j! q•fmb! npaf!eb!qsjlvqj!{bexf!lsjmp!v{!ufmp/!Qsp{sb•ob!pqobtub!lsjmb!!

Tm/!27/!Lpotusvldjkb!lsjmb!q•fmf! ! 2/!lvljdf!ob!qsfexfn!lsbkv!{bexfh!lsjmb! ! 3/!dfwbtup!qpwjkfo!{bexj!lsbk!qsfexfh!lsjmb! ! 4/!qpqsf•of!ajmjdf!qsfexfh!lsjmb!)ojtv!qpwf{bof!tb! ! ajmjdbnb!qsfnb!lpkjnb!tv!vtnfsfof*! 5/!tqbkbxf!qpnp~v!lvljdb!{bexfh!tb!qsfexjn!lsjmpn

85


! tv!sfcsbtup!ajmj•btub!|up!ptjhvsbwb!tubujlv!lpe!mfufxb/!Eb!tf! of! cj! obqsf{bmf! ofqpusfcop-! sbwoj! ob! qsfexjn! lsjmjnb! qsj! mfufxv! j! eb! tf! ptuwbsj! ofpqipeop! tbwjkbxf! lsjmb! v! v{evaopn! qsbwdv-! v! tsfexpk! usf~joj! qsfexfh! lsjmb! jnb! ewf! qpqsf•of! ajmjdf!lpkf!ojtv!tsbtmf!tb!ajmjdbnb!qsfnb!lpkjnb!tv!vtnfsfof/! Up!ep{wprbwb!lsjmjnb!eb!tf!tbwjkbkv!cf{!obqsf{bxb!qpqsf•oji! ajmjdb/! ! 224/!Lpmjlb!kf!v•ftubmptu!nbibxb!lsjmb!lpe!q•fmf@! 224/!Lpmjlb!kf!v•ftubmptu!nbibxb!lsjmb!lpe!q•fmf@! Phmfepn!kf!vuws}fop!eb!lsjmb!q•fmf!qsj!j{mfubxv!j{ws|f! 348! {bnbib! v! tflvoej! b! lsjmb! lpe! q•fmf! qsj! tmfubxv! 361/! Lpe! kblph! wfusb! v•ftubmptu! qplsfub! obsbtub! ep! 385! {bnbib! v! tflvoej/! Lsjmb! q•fmf! lpkb! tf! tqsfnb! eb! vcpef! j{ws|f! 396-! lpe! q•fmb! lpkf! wfoujmjsbkv! 327-! lpe! pqmp}fof! nbujdf! 337-! lpe! ofpqmp}fof!364!j!lpe!usvub!318!{bnbib!v!tflvoej/! ! 225/!Lblwf!tv!sb{nfsf!lsjmb!q•fmf!@! 225/!Lblwf!tv!sb{nfsf!lsjmb!q•fmf!@! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb! obkwf~b! evajob! j! |jsjob! qsfexfh!lsjmb!lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!nbujdf!j!usvub!tv!tmfef~f;!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! Ubcfmb!2! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////…/////…///! Nfepoptob!q•fmb!! ! Evajob!)nn*! ! \jsjob!)nn*! //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////…/////…///! Q•fmb!sbejmjdb! ! ! ! :-36! ! ! ! ! 4-21! Nbujdb! ! ! ! ! ! ! :-61! ! ! ! ! 4-36! Usvu! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22-61!! ! ! ! 4-96! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////…/////…///! !!

86


226/!Lpmjlb!kf!vlvqob!qpws|job!j!tjmb!qpej{bxb!lpe!puwpsfoji! lsjmb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!@!! lsjmb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!@ Qsfnb! ofljn! obv•ojdjnb! vlvqob! qpws|job! puwpsfoji! lsjmb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! ! wbsjsb! pe! 56! ep! 65! nn/! lwbesbuoji/! Ufajob!jn!eptujaf!1-686!nh/!Opsnbmob!tjmb!qpej{bxb!!ob!2!nn/! lwbesbuoj! kf! 2-7! ep! 2-9! nh/! b! blp! tv! lsjmb! pqufsf~fob! wj|f! q•fmf!of!npaf!eb!qpmfuj/! ! 227/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!tvsmjdf!q•fmf!@! 227/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!tvsmjdf!q•fmf!@! Nophj! obv•ojdj! tv! tf! joufsftpwbmj! j! nfsjmj! ! tv! evajov! tvsmjdf! q•fmf! )wjej! qjubxf! 214*-! bmj! poj! ojtv! lpsjtujmj! kfejotuwfo! tjtufn! {b! nfsfxf! qb! tv! epcjkfoj! sf{vmubuj! sb{mj•juj/! Qsfnb! tmpwb•lpn! jtusbajwb•v! Ifkunboflv! tvsmjdb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! kf! evhb! pe! 6-81! ep! 8-21! nn/Qsfnb! esvhjn! bvupsjnb! nbltjnbmob! evajob! kf! 7-58! nn/-! 7-73! nn/! jmj! 7-86! nn/! Vuws}fop!kf!eb!kf!tvsmjdb!lpe!nbujdf!evhb!4-6!nn/!b!lpe!usvub!5! nn/! Ptjn! uphb! tvsmjdb! lpe! kvaoji! sbtb! q•fmb! kf! evab! b! lpe! tfwfsoji! lsb~b/! Lpe! vls|ubxb! ewf! sbtf! qprtlj! obv•ojdj! tv! vtqfmj! eb! epcjkv! ijcsjeov! sbtv! pe! qplpmfxb! G! 2! tb! evajopn! tvsmjdf!8-2:!ep!8-5:!nn/!Uf!q•fmf!tv!nphmf!eb!tbtlvqrbkv!oflubs! •bl! j! tb! mjwbetlf! efufmjof! •jkf! tv! oflubsjkf! sbtqpsf}fof! evcplp!v!dwfuv!j!ofeptuvqof!tv!{b!esvhf!sbtf!q•fmb/! ! ! 228/!\ub!npaf!eb!tf!wjej!ob!ufmv!mbswf!q•fmf!@! 228/!\ub!npaf!eb!tf!wjej!ob!ufmv!mbswf!q•fmf!@! Ob!ufmv!mbswf!q•fmf!)tm/28*!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!32!tfhnfou;! pe!qswji!7!tf!pcsb{vkf!hmbwb-!pe!tmfef~ji!5!hsvej-!b!pe!ptubmji! uscvi/! Nphv! eb! tf! sb{mjlvkv! j! {b•fdj! boufob-! ophv! j! lsjmb! b! ob! hmbwj! tmbcp! {bcfmbtbkv! cvev~f! p•j! j! qsjnjujwoj! vtoj! pshboj! )tm/29*/! ! ! ! !

87


! Tm/!28/!Q•fmjxb!mbswb!–.!qpefmb!ob!tfhnfouf!)B*!hmbwb-!)C*! hsvej-!)W*!uscvi! ! 2/!{b•fubl!boufof! 3/!qp•fubl!tjtufnb!{b!wbsfxf!)dsfwp*! 4/!{b•fdj!ophv! 5/!{b•fdj!lsjmb! 6/!ofswoj!•wps!)hbohmjkb*! 7/!bobmoj!puwps! ! ! ! ! !Tm/!29/!Hmbwb!q•fmjxf!mbswf!! 2/!•fpoj!|ujuj~! 3/!hpsxb!vtob! 4/!wf{jwop!uljwp!epxf!vtof! 5/!vtoj!puwps! 6/!epxb!vtob! 7/!•frvtu!!

88


229/! Pe! lpmjlp! efmpwb! tf! tbtupkj! tjtufn! {b! wbsfxf! lpe! q•fmjxf!mbswf@! q•fmjxf!mbswf@! Tjtufn! {b! wbsfxf! lpe! q•fmjxf! mbswf! qsfetubwrb! dsfwp! lpkf! tf! tbtupkj! pe! 4! efmb;! qsfexf-! tsfexf! j! {bexf! dsfwp/! J{nf}v! qsfexfh! j! {bexfh! jnb! nj|j~oj! wfoujm! lpkj! tf! lpe! ebrfh!sb{wpkb!mbswf!nfxb!v!nf}vqsptupsop!dsfwp!)wjej!qjubxf! 235*/! Wfoujm! of! ep{wprbwb! eb! tf! twbsfob! isbob! wsbuj! ob{be/! J{nf}v! tsfexfh! j! {bexfh! efmb! uph! dsfwb! obmb{j! tf! nj|j~ob! qsfhsbeb!lpkb!kf!ob{wbob!qjmpsoj!wfoujm-!lpkj!tf!puwbsb!ufl!qsj! qptmfexfn! tubejkvnv! sb{wpkb! mbswf-! lpkb! ubeb! qswj! qvu! j{ewbkb! j{nfu/!J{ewpkfoj!pshbo-!nbmqjhjkfwb!dfw•jdb!)wjej!qjubxf!258*-! qsfmb{j!v!{bexf!dsfwp!)tm/2:*/!!

Tm/!2:/!Vovusb|xj!pshboj!mbswf!q•fmf! 2/!qsfexf!dsfwp! 3/!tsfexf!dsfwp! 4/!{bexf!dsfwp! 5/!nbmqjhjkfwf!dfw•jdf! 6/!amf{eb!{b!qsfefxf! 7/!tfnfojl! 8/!•nbs

22:/!\ub!•joj!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe!q•fmf@! 22:/!\ub!•joj!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe!q•fmf@! !!Tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!lpe!q•fmf!)tm/31*!qsfetubwrb!dfw!lpkb! {bqp•jxf!tb!vtojn!puwpspn!j!{bws|bwb!tf!tb!{bexjn!)bobmojn*! puwpspn!ob! lsbkv!uscvib/!Qptmf!vtoph!puwpsb!obmb{j!tf!hsmp!)ub! ewb!efmb!tf!obmb{f!ob!hmbwj!q•fmf*/!Lsp{!hsvej!qspmb{j!kfexbl! lpkj!tf!{bws|bwb!wfoujmpn!v!nfeopn!nfivsv!hef!tf!obmb{j!hmbwb! j! svlbwbd! ob! nf}vqsptupsopn! dsfwv! )wjej! qjubxf! 235*/! Qptmf! nfeoph! nfivsb! tf! obmb{j! afmvebd! v! lpkj! vmb{j! esvhj! lsbk! svlbwdb! nf~vqsptupsoph! dsfwb/! V! qspevafulv! afmvdb! kf! {bexf!

89


dsfwp!lpkf!tf!tbtupkj!pe!ubolph!j!efcfmph!dsfwb!)sfluvn*/!J{nf}v! ubolph! dsfwb! j! afmvdb! ep! qjmpsoph! wfoujmb! obmb{j! tf! j{mb{! nbmqjhjkfwf!dfw•jdf/!Ubolp!dsfwp!kf!tqpkfop!tb!efcfmjn!lpkf!jnb! 7! sflubmoji! amf{ej/! Efcfmp! dsfwp! qsfetubwrb! upscj•jdb! )nfi•f*! v! lpkpk! tf! tblvqrb! j{nfu! j! {bws|bwb! tf! bobmojn! puwpspn/! Blp! tf! pewpkj! hmbwb! pe! ufmb! q•fmf! j! qpwv•f! qjodfupn! qptmfexj! tfhnfou! uscvib-!npaf! eb! tf! j{wv•f! dfmb! dfw! tjtufnb! {b!wbsfxf/!! !

! Tm/!31/!tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! ! 2/ hsmp! ! 3/ nfeoj!nfivs! ! 4/ nf}vdsfwp! ! 5/ afmvebd! ! 6/ nbmqjhjkfwb!dfw•jdb! ! 7/ sflubmob!amf{eb! ! ! 8/ efcfmp!dsfwp!)sfluvn*! ! ! 231/! Lpmjlb! kf! evajob! dsfwb! tjtufnb! {b! wbsfxf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf-!nbujdf!j!usvub@! sbejmjdf-!nbujdf!j!usvub@! Tjtufn! {b! wbsfxf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! )pe! vtub! ep! bobmoph! puwpsb*!kf!evh!46nn/!lpe!nbujdf!4:!nn/!j!lpe!usvub!58nn/!

90


! 232/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nbtop!uljwp!lpe!q•fmjxf!mbswf@!! 232/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nbtop!uljwp!lpe!q•fmjxf!mbswf@ Nbtop!uljwp!kf!~fmjktlb!nbtb!lpkb!jtqvxbwb!dfp!tmpcpebo! qsptups! j{nf}v! tsfexfh! dsfwb! j! tqprb|xfh! pnpub•b! mbswf/! Qsfetubwrb!″tlmbej|uf″!sf{fswj!isborjwji!nbufsjkb!tb!ljkjnb! tf! mbswb! isboj! v! qfsjpev! qsfuwbsbxb! v! mvulv-! lbeb! pob! of! epcjkb! isbov/! V! upn! tubejkvnv! sb{wpkb! nbtop! uljwp! {ob•bkop! tf! tnbxvkf/!! ! 233/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!nbtoph!uljwb!lpe!q•fmb@! 233/!Lblwb!kf!gvoldjkb!nbtoph!uljwb!lpe!q•fmb@! Lpe! pesbtmf! q•fmf! nbtop! uljwp! kf! mplbmj{pwbop! v! uscviv! )v! ptubmjn! efmpwjnb! hb! kf! nbmp*/! Ubnp! pop! pcsb{vkf! tmpk! qpe! fqjefsnpn! j! efmjnj•op! pcviwbub! pshbof! tjtufnb! {b! wbsfxf/! Nbtop! uljwp! kf! obkcprf! sb{wjkfop! lpe! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! j{mfafoji! ob! lsbkv! wfhfubdjpoph! qfsjpeb/! Nbujdf! tv! ublp}f! tb! epcsp! sb{wjkfojn! nbtojn! uljwpn-! b! lpe! usvupwb! pop! kf! {blsarbmp/! V! nbtojn! ~fmjkbnb! tf! obhpnjmbwbkv! tvwj|of! isborjwf! nbufsjkf! j{! lswof! uf•optuj! )ifnpmjngf*-! lpkf! tf! qptmf! uphb! lpsjtuf! lpe! mv•fxb! nmf•b-! pcsb{pwbxb! wptlb-! tb{sfwbxb! kbkb! v! nbujdbnb! j! lpe! {b|ujuf! pshboj{nb! pe! hmbej! j! {jnf/!! ! 234/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsjuspgj•opk!nfncsboj@ 234/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsjuspgj•opk!nfncsboj@! !p!qfsjuspgj•opk!nfncsboj@! Qfsjuspgj•ob! nfncsbob! pcbwjkb! isbov! v! afmvdv! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! {b|uj~vkf! fqjufmof! ~fmjkf! pe! qpwsf}jwbxb-! oqs/! pe! oftwbsrjwji! •ftujdb! dwfuoph! qsbib-! lpkf! tv! nophp! p|usf/! Jtupwsfnfop! t! ujn-! ubk! pnpub•! qspqv|ub! fo{jnf! {b! wbsfxf! j! isborjwf! nbufsjkf/! Qfsjuspgj•ob! nfncsbob! tf! qpwf~bwb! qfsjpej•op!j!j{sbtmjob-!ob!tmpcpeopn!kpk!lsbkv-!qsfmb{j!v!ubolp! dsfwp!{bkfeop!tb!ofqsfsb}fojn!nbufsjkbnb/!Pe!qspqvturjwptuj! nfncsbof!v!wfmjlpk!nfsj!{bwjtj!puqpsoptu!q•fmb! qsfnb!sb{ojn! cpmftujnb-!qptfcop!qsfnb!op{fnbup{j!)wjej!qjubxf!829*/! ! 235/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nf}vdsfwp@!! 235/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nf}vdsfwp@!!

91


!!!!!!!!!!! Nf}vdsfwp! )tm/32*! kf! nj|j~bw! pshbo! lpkj! tf! tbtupkj! pe! hmbwf-!wsbub!j!svlbwdb/!Hmbwb!tf!obmb{j!v!nfeopn!nfivsv!lpkb!tf! qsflp! wsbub! qpwf{vkf! tb! afmvdpn! b! svlbwbd! tf! obmb{j! v! xfnv/! Qpe! efktuwpn! nj|j~b! hmbwf! nf}vdsfwb! isbob! j{! nfeoph! nfivsb! qspmb{j! lsp{! wsbu! j! svlbwbd! v! afmvebd/! Ubk! svlbwbd! of! ep{wprbwb!wsb~bxf!tbnmfwfof!isbof!ob{be!v!nfeoj!nfivs/!Fup! {b|up!kf!!oflubs-!lpkj!q•fmb!epoptj!v!nfeopn!nfivsv!j!qsfsb}vkf! hb!v!nfe-!bqtpmvuop!•jtu!j!of!npaf!eb!cvef!qpnf|bo!tb!isbopn! lpkb!kf!wf~!qsp|mb!lsp{!nf}vdsfwp!v!afmvebd/!

Tm/!32/!Nf}vdsfwp! 2/!hsmp! 3/!nfeoj!nfivs! 4/!v{evaoj!nj|j~j!nf}vdsfwb! 5/!wsbuj~!nf}vdsfwb! 6/!svlbwbd!nf}vdsfwb! 7/!qfsjuspgj•ob!nfncsbob!afmvdb! 8/!afmvebd! 9/!nj|j~j!afmvdb

! 236/!Lpkf!kf!sb{nfsf!afmvebd!q•fmf@! 236/!Lpkf!kf!sb{nfsf!afmvebd!q•fmf@! !!!Qsf•ojl! )ejkbnfubs*! afmvdb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf-! nbujdf! j! usvub! kf! qsjcmjaop! 3! nn-! evajob! nv! eptujaf! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! 23! nn-! lpe! nbujdf! 24! nn/! b! lpe! usvub! 2:! nn/! Up! tv! tqprb|xf! nfsf/! [bqsfnjob! afmvdb! •joj! qsjcmjaop! qpmpwjov! {bqsfnjof! nfeoph! nfivsb/! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb! vovusb|xb! {bqsfnjob! afmvdb! ! ufl! j{mfafof! q•fmf! kf! 8! nn/! lvcoji-!q•fmf!lpkb!isboj!mbswf!j!nbujdv!tb!nmf•pn!32!nn/!lvcoj! b!lpe!q•fmf!j{mfuojdf!:!nn/!lvcoji/!

92


! 237/! Lpmjlp! oflubsb! npaf! eb! tf! tnftuj! v! nfeoj! nfivs! j! lpkf! wsfnf!q•fmb!npaf!eb!tf!isboj!xjnf@! wsfnf!q•fmb!npaf!eb!tf!isboj!xjnf@! Tnbusb! tf! eb! kf! lbqbdjufu! nfeoph! nfivsb! vqsbwp! qspqpsdjpobmbo!{bwjtop!pe!qspevlujwoptuj!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb/! Qsfnb!kfeopn!jtusbajwbxv!tsfexb!{bqsfnjob!nfeoph!nfivsb!kf! 68-88nn/! lvcoji! b! obqvxfo! ufaj! 1-17:! hsbnb/! Qsfnb! esvhjnb! nbltjnbmob! {bqsfnjob! kf! 77-71nn/! lvcoji/! V! wf{j! t! ujn! joufsftbouop! kf! {obuj! lpmjlp! wsfnfob! npaf! eb! j{esaj! q•fmb! {jnj! lpe! kfeoph! qvxfxb! nfeoph! nfivsb/! Blp! kf! v! upn! qfsjpev! lpsjtujmb! isbov! tbnp! {b! tfcf! q•fmb! j{esabwb! 5! tfenjdf/! Bmj! pob!efp!isbof!ebkf!esvhjn!q•fmbnb!{jnvkv~fh!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb! b! tb! ptubmjn! oflubspn! tf! isboj/! Fup! {b|up! v! {bwjtoptuj! pe! lpmj•jof! qsfebuph! oflubsb! pob! usfcb! •ftup! eb! tf! isboj/! Qsfebwbxf!isbof!pe!kfeof!q•fmf!esvhpk!ob{jwb!tf!uspgbmbltjkb/! ! 238/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfujpmvtu@! 238/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfujpmvtu@! Qfujpmvtu!kf!dsfwdf!lpkf!tqbkb!hsvej!q•fmf!j!uscvi/!Obmb{j! tf! v! dfousv! ufaj|ub! q•fmf! j! cmbhpebsf~j! xfnv! pob! npaf! eb! plsf~f! uscvi! v! twjn! qsbwdjnb/! Lsp{! qfujpmvtu! qspmb{f! twj! ptopwoj!vovusb|xj!pshboj!q•fmf/!! !! 239/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!lswpuplv!j!tsdv!q•fmf@! 239/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!lswpuplv!j!tsdv!q•fmf@! !Lbp! j! twj! jotfluj! j! q•fmb! jnb! lswpupl/! Lswob! uf•optu! )ifnpmjngb*-! lpkb! kf! cf{cpkob! j! mblp! {bnv~fob-! uf•f! tmpcpeop! j{nf}v! twji! vovusb|xji! pshbob-! lswoj! upl! tf! ptuwbsvkf! lsp{! sbe! mf}oph! lswoph! tveb-! qpefrfoph! ob! lpnpsf-! lpkf! tv! nf}vtpcop! Tm/!33/!Tsdf!q•fmf! qpwf{bof!

93


wfoujmjnb/! Up! tf! {pwf! tsdf! )tm/33*! j! ptopwob! nv! kf! vmphb! eb! v! sjunj•ojn!tlvqrbxjnb!j!pqsvabxjnb!pnphv~j!qspupl!lswj/!

!! !

94


Tm/!34/!Pshboj!{b!sb{nopabwbxf!lpe!nbujdf! ! 2/!kbkojl! 21/!abplb! 3/!kbkob!dfw•jdb! 22/!efp!efcfmph!dsfwb! 4/!•b|jdf!kbkojlb! )sfluvnb*! 5/!kbkpwpe! 23/!sf{fswpbs!q•fmjxfh! 6/!tfnfob!lftjdb! puspwb! 7/!amf{eb!tfnfof!lftjdf! 24/!nbmb!puspwob!amf{eb! 8/!{je!wbhjof! 25/!wfmjlb!puspwob! 9/!nj|j~j!abplf! amf{ebofsw!jtqpe!qbsoph! :/!vmbhbmj|uf!abplf! kbkpwpeb ! 23:/!Lblwb!kf!tusvluvsb!j!gvoldjkb!pshbob!{b!sb{nopabwbxf!lpe! nbujdf@! nbujdf@! Nbujdb! jnb! epcsp! sb{wjkfof! pshbof! {b! sb{nopabwbxf! )tm/34*-!kbkojlf-!kbkpwpef-!cftqbsbo!kbkpwpe-!wbhjov-!tfnfqsjkfnojl! j!nbufsjdv/!Kbkojdj!nbujdf!tv!ewpkob!amf{eb!j!tbtubwrfoj!tv!pe! kbkoji!dfw•jdb!!j! jnbkv!lsv|lbtu!pcmjl/!Twblj!kbkojl!tbesaj!pe! 251! ep! 311! kbkoji! dfw•jdb! v! lpkjnb! tf! pcsb{vkv! afotlf! qpmof! ~fmjkf! –.! kfeop~fmjktlb! kbkb! sbtqpsf}fob! kfeop! jtqpe! esvhph/! Kbkb! tb{sfwbkv! qptufqfop-! qsjcmjabwbkv~j! tf! kbkojn! dfw•jdbnb! qb! tv! obk{sfmjkb! qsj! qspmb{v! v! kbkpwpef/! Kbkpwpej! pe! ewb! kbkojlb! tf! vmjwbkv! v! {bkfeoj•lj! )cftqbsoj*! kbkpwpe! j! qsfmb{f! v! wbhjov! hef! kbkb!epmb{f!v!lpoublu!tb!usvupwpn!tqfsnpn!j{!tfnfqsjkfnojlb/! ! 241/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hpsxpwjmj•opk!amf{ej@! 241/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hpsxpwjmj•opk!amf{ej@ Hpsxpwjmj•ob! )nboejcvmbsob*! amf{eb! kf! qptubwrfob! v! ptopwj!{hmpcb!hpsxf!wjmjdf!lpkb!tf!{pwf!nboejcvmb/!Jnb!pcmjl! qrptobuf! lftjdf! lpkb! jnb! vmphv! sf{fswpbsb! {b! xfo! tflsfu/! Ub! amf{eb! kf! wsmp! kblp! sb{wjkfob! lpe! nbujdf-! tmbcjkf! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! b! obktmbcjkf! lpe! usvub/! Xfo! tflsfu! sbtuwbsb! wptbl! ofpqipebo!{b!j{hsbexv!tb~b!b!ublp}f!j!qspqpmjtb/!Ublp!j{hmfeb! hpsxpwjmj•ob! amf{eb! kf! obksb{wjkfojkb! lpe! nbujdf-! qsfeqptubwrb!tf!eb!xfo!tflsfu!vuj•f!ob!qsfsbev!cfmbo•fwjob/!

95


Vuws}fop! kf! eb! kf! ptopwob! lpnqpofoub! uph! tflsfub! gfspnpo! ob{wbo! nbuj•ob! nbufsjkb! qsfnb! •jkfn! njsjtv! ptubmf! q•fmf! vuws}vkv!qsjtvtuwp!nbujdf!)wjej!qjubxf!84-!92*/! ! 242/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! 242/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@ Wfmjlb!puspwob!amf{eb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!jnb!pcmjl!ubolph! lbobm•fub!evajof!2!.!3-6!dn/!Qsfexj!efp!nv!kf!qpefrfo!ob!ewf! lsbulf! hsbof/! Nbmb! puspwob! amf{eb! tbefktuwvkf! {b! blujwjsbxf! tflsfub! wfmjlf! amf{ef/! Puspwof! amf{ef! qspj{wpef! q•fmjxj! puspw!)bqjupltjo*)tm/35*/! ! Tm/!35/!Abp•oj!bqbsbu!q•fmf!sbejmjdf! )puwpsfo*! !! !2/!sf{fswpbs!wfmjlf!puspwof! amf{ef!! !3/!nbmb!puspwob!amf{eb! !4/!qspevaob!qmp•jdb! !5/!uspvhmbtub!qmp•jdb! !6/!lwbesbuob!qmp•jdb! !7/!gvuspmb!abplf! !8/!tusfmjdb! !9/!qspevafubl!tusfmjdf! !:/!qspevafubl!tboljdb! 21/!lsbk!tusfmjdf!tb!{vqdjnb!

243/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwopk!amf{ej!nbujdf@! 243/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!puspwopk!amf{ej!nbujdf@! Nbujdb! jnb! ewf! epcsp! sb{wjkfof! puspwof! amf{ef/! Wfmjlv! j!nbmv/!Wfmjlb!puspwob!amf{eb!kf!v!pcmjlv!ojuj!evajof!51!ep!61! nn/!Qpefrfob!kf!ob!lsbkv!ob!ewf!lsbulf!hsbof/!Qsf!ofhp!ep}f!ep! vevcrfxb! ob! abplj! |jsj! tf! j! pcsb{vkf! sf{fswpbs/! Nbmb! puspwob! amf{eb! kf! lsbulb! j! dfwbtub-! {jepwj! tv! kpk! nophp!

96


obcpsboj/! Qsfmb{j! ublp}f! v! vevcrfxf! ob! abplj! cmj{v! sf{fswpbsb! wfmjlf! puspwof! amf{ef/! Tflsfu! qspj{wfefo! v! wfmjlpk! puspwopk! amf{ej! jnb! ljtfmv! sfbldjkv! b! pe! nbmf! cb{ov/! Vuws}fop! kf! eb! j{mv•foj! puspw! efmvkf! tbnp! ubeb! lbeb! tf! qpnf|bkv!tflsfuj!pcf!puspwof!amf{ef/! ! 244/!Eb!mj!kf!qvo!sf{fswpbs!nmbef!q•fmf!tb!puspwpn@ 244/!Eb!mj!kf!qvo!sf{fswpbs!nmbef!q•fmf!tb!puspwpn@! !nmbef!q•fmf!tb!puspwpn@! Nmbeb! q•fmb! penbi! qp! j{mfhbxv! jnb! v! sf{fswpbsv! wsmp! nbmp! puspwb! j! {bup! of! vcbeb/! Puspwof! amf{ef! qp•jxv! eb! tf! sb{wjkbkv!kp|!qswph!ebob!j!sf{fswpbs!tf!!obqvoj!puspwpn!{b!plp! 29! ebob/! Qptmf! uphb! uf! amf{ef! buspgjsbkv! j! mv•fxf! tflsfub! qsftubkf/! Lbeb! tf! jtqsb{oj! sf{fswpbs! v! xfnv! tf! tblvqrb! opwj! puspw!bmj!lpe!pesbtmf!q•fmf!ub!tf!tqptpcoptu!nophp!tnbxvkf/!Uf! q•fmf!•vwbkv!vmb{!)mfup*!lp|ojdf!)wjej!qjubxf!246*/!Lpe!nbujdf! sf{fswpbs! puspwof! amf{ef! kf! qvo! kp|! qswj! ebo! qp! j{mfhbxv! j! {bup!kf!tqptpcob!eb!tf! ″cjkf″!tb!esvhjn!jtupwsfnfop!j{mfafojn! nbujdbnb/!V!ofljn!tmv•bkfwjnb!npaf!eb!ji!voj|uj!qsf!ofhp!|up! tv!obqvtujmf!nbuj•xbl!)wjej!qjubxf!71*/! ! 245/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!abplf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!nbujdf@! 245/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!abplf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!nbujdf@ Abplb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!kf!qsf!twfhb!pecsbncfoj!pshbo/!Ob! xfopn! lsbkv! tf! obmb{f! 21! {vq•j~b! plsfovuji! ob{be/! [bup! lbeb! vcpef!•pwflb!jmj!oflv!wf~v!ajwpujxv-!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!of!npaf! eb! j{wv•f! abplv! qb! tf! j|•vqb! dfp! abp•oj! bqbsbu! j! pob! vhjof/! Lpe!vcpeb!esvhf!q•fmf!jmj!jotflub!q•fmb!of!vhjof!{bup!|up!tf!v! lsilpn! ijujopwpn! pnpub•v! pcsb{vkf! wfmjlb! qvlpujob! j{! lpkf! q•fmb! mblp! j{wv•f! abplv/! Abplb! nbujdf! jnb! tbnp! 4! {vq•j~b! ublp! eb! npaf! mblp! eb! kf! j{wv•f! j{! sbof! j! eb! vcpef! wj|f! qvub/! Abplb!lpe!nbujdf!tf!ob{jwb!kbkfqpmbhbmp-!{bup!|up!v{!qpnp~!xf! pob!qpmbaf!kbkb/! ! 246/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!mv•fxf!puspwb!v!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!j!lpkb! 246/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!mv•fxf!puspwb!v!puspwojn!amf{ebnb!j!lpkb! lpnqpofoub!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!vuj•f!ob!lswoj!qsjujtbl!•pwflb@!! lpnqpofoub!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!vuj•f!ob!lswoj!qsjujtbl!•pwflb@

97


Lpmj•job! j{mv•foph! puspwb! {bwjtj! pe! v{sbtub! q•fmf/! Puspw! qp•jxf! eb! tf! tuwbsb! penbi! qp! j{mfhbxv! q•fmf! lbeb! pob! kp|!of!lpsjtuj!abplv/!Qvxfxf!sf{fswpbsb!qp•jxf!j{nf}v!21/!j! 27/! ebob! ajwpub! q•fmf/! Q•fmb! qptubkf! tusbabs! v! lp|ojdj! lbeb! kpk!kf!puspwob!amf{eb!qpuqvop!sb{wjkfob!)j{nf}v!27/!j!31/!ebob*/! Qptmf!31!ebob!amf{eb!qp•jxf!eb!{blsarbwb!j!qptmf!41!j!wj|f! ebob! kf! tbtwjn! tmbcb/! Q•fmjxj! puspw! tbesaj! obknbxf! 9! blujwoji! lpnqpofouj/! Kfeob! pe! obkwbaojkji! kf! ijtubnjo! lpkj! vuj•f!ob!lswoj!qsjujtbl/! ! 247/!Lpkf!amf{ef!ojtv!sb{wjkfof!lpe!nbujdf@! 247/!Lpkf!amf{ef!ojtv!sb{wjkfof!lpe!nbujdf@! Nbujdb!ojlbe!of!isboj!twpkf!qpupntuwp!j!of!j{hsb}vkf! ~fmjkf/!Fup!{b|up!pob!ofnb!pshbof!lpkj!j{sb}vkv!isbov!j!wptbl!uk/! aesfmof!j!amf{ef!{b!mv•fxf!wptlb/! !! !! 248/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!aesfmopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! 248/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!aesfmopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@ Aesfmob! )gbsjohfbmob*! amf{eb! kf! sb{wjkfob! tbnp! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf/! Tflsfupn! lpkj! pob! mv•j! pof! isbof! mfhmp-! nbujdv! j! usvupwf/! Obmb{j! tf! v! hmbwj! q•fmf! j! jnb! ewf! hsbof! v! pcmjlv! {sob! hsp{eb! ! sb{nfsf! 3! i! 3! nn! )tm/! 36*/! Blujwoptu! kpk! {bwjtj!pe!v{sbtub!q•fmf-!tf{pof!j!puwpsfoph!mfhmb!)wjej!qjubxf! 293*! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv/! Aesfmob! amf{eb! qp•jxf! eb! tf! sb{wjkb! qswph! ebob! qp! j{mfhbxv! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! qswph! ebob! mv•j! tflsfu! lpkj! vmb{j! v! tbtubw! nmf•b/! Xfob! blujwoptu! kf! obkwf~b! 8/! .! 21/! ebob! ajwpub! q•fmf! j! qpuqvop! qsftubkf! 36/! ebo/! Cf{!qsjtvtuwb!cfmbo•fwjob!)qpmfo*!aesfmob!amf{eb!of!npaf!eb! mv•j!tflsfu!ofpqipebo!{b!tuwbsbxf!nmf•b/! ! Tm/!36/!Aesfmob!amf{eb! 2/!amf{eb! 3/!aesfmp!

98


249/!Lbeb!qp•jxf!eb!tf!tuwbsb!aesfmob!amf{eb@! 249/!Lbeb!qp•jxf!eb!tf!tuwbsb!aesfmob!amf{eb@ [b•fubl!aesfmof!amf{ef!tf!qpkbwrvkf!v!tubejkvnv!mvulf-!b! qspdft!pcsb{pwbxb!kpk!tf!{bws|bwb!v!tubejkvnv!pesbtmph!jotflub! )jnbhp*/! Gpsnjsbxf! aesfmof! amf{ef! kf! sf{vmubu! qsfmb{b! tb! qpkfejob•oph!ob!esv|uwfoj!ob•jo!ajwpub!)tbwsfnfof!nfepoptof! q•fmf*/! ! 24:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epxpwpmj•opk!amf{ej!q•fmf@ 24:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epxpwpmj•opk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! pwpmj•opk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! Epxpwjmj•ob!)mbcjbmob*!amf{eb!kf!sb{wjkfob!lpe!nbujdf-! sbejmjdf! j! usvub/! Tbtupkj! tf! pe! ewf! hsbof! tnf|ufof! v! hmbwj! )ufnfob!amf{eb*!j!hsvejnb!)hsveob!amf{eb*!b!!{bkfeoj•lj!j{mb{! uf! hsbof! obmb{j! tf! cmj{v! ptopwf! kf{j•lb/! Tflsfu! tuwpsfo! pe! epxpwjmj•of! amf{ef! kf! ofvusbmof! sfbldjkf! j! jnb! gj{j•lp! {ob•fxf-! –! wmbaj! emb•jdf! ob! kf{j•lv! j! pesabwb! xfhpwv! fmbtuj•optu/! Ujn! tflsfupn! q•fmf! wmbaf! uwsev! isbov-! pob! tf! sbtuwbsb!j!pof!nphv!eb!kf!vtjtbkv<!ptjn!uphb!xjnf!tf!sbtuwbsbkv!j! sb{of! qsrbw|ujof! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! v! lp|ojdj-! eb! cj! ji! mbl|f! petusbojmf/! ! 251/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!amf{ebnb!{b!tuwbsbxf!wptlb@! 251/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!amf{ebnb!{b!tuwbsbxf!wptlb@ Amf{ef! {b! tuwbsbxf! wptlb! tv! sbtqpsf}fof! pe! 4/! .! 7/! uscv|oph! tfhnfoub! )tufsoju*!lpe!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!)lpe!nbujdf!j! usvub! ji! ofnb*/! Qsp{sb•of! qpws|jof! ob! ujn! tufsojujnb! tf! {pwv! wp|ubob! phmfebmdb/! Tuwpsfo! pe! amf{eb! {b! mv•fxf! wptlb-! wptbl! lpkj! kf! v! uf•opn! tubxv-! dfej! tf! lsp{! |vqrjlf! wp|uboji! phmfebmbdb! j! v! epejsv! tb! wb{evipn! tf! qsfuwbsb! v! uwsef! wp|ubof! rvtqjdf! tb! qsjcmjaop! pwbmojn! jmj! qfupvhbpojn! pcmjlpn/! Pe! xji! q•fmf! j{hsb~vkv!tb~f!)tm/37*/! Tm/! 37/! V{evaoj! j! qpqsf•oj! qsftfl! uscvib! q•fmf! tb! wptlpwjn!amf{ebnb!

99


252/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!eb!{blsarbmf!amf{ef!{b!mv•fxf!wptlb!!lpe! pesbtmf!q•fmf!pcopwf!twpkv!gvildjkv@! pesbtmf!q•fmf!pcopwf!twpkv!gvildjkv@ Eplb{bp!kf!Psptj!eb!lpe!pcjmoph!isbxfxb!pesbtmji!q•fmb! j{mfuojdb-! cfmbo•fwjobtupn! isbopn-! blujwjsb! tf! efktuwp! wp|uboji!amf{eb!-!–!q•fmf!qp•jxv!eb!mv•f!wp|ubof!rvtqjdf!j!eb! j{hsb}vkv!tb~f/!Cf{!cfmbo•fwjobtuf!isbof!uf!amf{ef!of!nphv!eb! pcopwf! twpkv! gvoldjkv/! Ptjn! uphb! cfmbo•fwjobtub! isbob! tujnvmjsb!j!efktuwp!hpsxpwjmj•of!amf{ef!)wjej!qjubxf!241*/! ! 253/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!Obtpopwf!amf{ef@! 253/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!Obtpopwf!amf{ef@! Amf{eb! kf! pulsjwfob! pe! svtlph! ! obv•ojlb! Obtpob! 2974/! hpejof/!Obmb{j!tf!ob!qsfexfn!lsbkv!qptmfexfh!mf}oph!tfhnfoub! )ufshjub*-! ob! uscviv/! Lpe! usvub! j! nbujdf! ojkf! sb{wjkfob/! Tbtubwrfob! kf! pe! 611! ep! 711! amf{ebtuji! ~fmjkb! j! p{ob•bwb! tf! lbp! cfmb! nsrb! lbeb! q•fmb! j{wv•f! qptmfexj! tfhnfou! uscvib/!

Tm/!38/!Obtpopwb!amf{eb! 2/!j!3/!ufshjuj!uscvib! 4/!amf{ebtuf!~fmjkf! 5/!upscb!amf{ef!

Amf{eb! mv•j! bspnv! lpkb! kf! tqfdjgj•ob! {b! twblp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp/!Pe!qplsfubxb!lsjmb!q•fmf!tuwbsb!tf!tusvkbxf!wb{evib! lpkf! qpnbaf! sbtqsptujsbxf! j{mv•fof! bspnbuj•of! nbufsjkf! qp! lp|ojdj-!ob!nftuv!spkfxb!jmj!plp!opwppulsjwfoph!j{wpsb!qb|f/! Up!ebkf!nphv~optu!q•fmbnb!eb!tf!psjkfouj|v!qsfnb!njsjtjnb!qsj! wsb~bxv! v! lp|ojdv-! qsj! tblvqrbxv! spkb-! qsj! qsfnf|ubxv!

100


q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! ob! lsbulp! sbtupkbxf-! lpe! usbotqpsub! lp|ojdf!jue!)tm/38*/! ! 254/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!sflubmopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! 254/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!sflubmopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@! V! efcfmpn! dsfwv! q•fmf! )sfluvnv*-! ! nphv! eb! tf! wjef! 7! v{boji! usb•jdb! evajof! 2! .! 2-6! nn/! j! |jsjof! 1-36! nn/! Up! tf! ob{jwb! sflubmob! amf{eb! )tm/39*/! Gj{jpmp|lj! {ob•bk! kp|! v! qpuqvoptuj! ojkf! qp{obu-! bmj! tf! qsfeqptubwrb! eb! mv•j! tflsfu! v! vovusb|xptu! bobmoph! puwpsb/! Wfspwbuop! ubk! tflsfu! tmvaj! {b! lpo{fswjsbxf!j{nfub!lpkj!tqsf•bwb!sb{wpk!usvmfaoji!cblufsjkb! lpkf!tf!obmb{f!v!{bexfn!dsfwv!q•fmf/!

! ! Tm/!39/!Sflubmob!amf{eb!efcfmph!dsfwb!)sfluvn*! ! 255/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!amf{ef!Lpafwojlpwb@! 255/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!amf{ef!Lpafwojlpwb@ Amf{eb! Lpafwojlpwb! kf! tb•jxfob! pe! ~fmjkb! lpkf! tv! efp! abp•oph! bqbsbub! q•fmf/! Tflsfu! uf! amf{ef! jnb! {ob•bkb! lbp! qpenb{! lpkj! pmbl|bwb! qplsfubxf! tusfmjdf! )jhmjdf! –! uk/! tbnf! abplf*/! !

101


256/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!Ekvgvspwpk!amf{ej@! 256/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!Ekvgvspwpk!amf{ej@! Ekvgvspwb! amf{eb! kf! qpwf{bob! tb! abp•ojn! bqbsbupn! nbujdf/! Qptubwrfob! kf! cmj{v! sf{fswpbsb! wfmjlf! puspwof! amf{ef! b! puwps! kpk! tf! obmb{j! ep! wbhjof/! Qsfnb! ofljn! obv•ojdjnb! tflsfu! j{mv•fo! j{! uf! amf{ef! pmbl|bwb! qpmbhbxf! kbkb!v!~fmjkf/!Esvhj!obv•ojdj!tv!nj|rfxb!eb!kf!ubk!tflsfu!kfeob! pe!lpnqpofouj!q•fmjxfh!puspwb/! ! 257/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epqvotlpk!amf{ej!usvub@ 257/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!epqvotlpk!amf{ej!usvub@! epqvotlpk!amf{ej!usvub@ Qpmoj! tjtufn! usvub! tf! tbtupkj! pe;! epqvotlf! )tmv{of*! amf{ef-! tfnfoph! nfivsj~b-! tfnfwpeb! j! lpqvmbdjpoph! pshbob/! Epqvotlf!amf{ef!tv!ewf-!!!epcsp!sb{wjkfof!j!v!pcmjlv!nfivsj~b/! Epxjn!lsbkfn!vmb{f!v!tfnfqspwpeojl!lsp{!lpkj-!tflsfu!j{mv•fo! pe!xf-!vmb{j!v!lpqvmbdjpoj!)qpmoj*!pshbo!)tm/3:*/! !

Tm/!3:/!Qpmoj!pshboj!qpmop!{sfmph!usvub! 2/!tfnfojl! 3/!tfnfqspwpeojl! 4/!nvlvtob!amf{eb! 5/!tfnfoj!nfivsj~

! 258/!Lpkf!amf{ef!jnb!mbswb!q•fmf@!! 258/!Lpkf!amf{ef!jnb!mbswb!q•fmf@ [b! sb{wpk! q•fmjxf! mbswf! obkwbaojkj! {ob•bk! jnbkv! amf{ef! tb! vovusb|xpn! tflsfdjkpn/! Pof! ofnbkv! j{mb{! ){bws|bwbkv! tf! tmfqp*-!{bup!j{mv•fo-!xjipw!tflsfu!vmb{j!qsbwp!v!lswov!uf•optu! )ifnpmjngv*! j! qpnbaf! qsfpcsbabk! mbswf! v! mvulv/! Wbaob! kf! j! gvoldjkb! hsveof! amf{ef/! Pshbo! {b! j{mv•jwbxf! tbtupkj! tf! pe! 5! amf{ef! dfwbtuph! pcmjlb-! lpkj! tf! tqbkb! tb! qsfexjn! sb|jsfojn! efmpn! bobmoph! puwpsb/! Uf! amf{ef! tf! ob{jwbkv! nbmqjhjkfwf!

102


dfw•jdf/! Lpe! mbswf! kf! sb{wjkfob! j! wjmj•ob! j! qsexp•frvtuob! amf{eb! {b! qsfefxf! •jkj! kf! j{mb{! v! hpsxfn! lsbkv! epxf! vtof/! Ob! wb{eviv!xfo!tflsfu!tf!v•ws|~vkf!v!ubolb!wmblob!pe!lpkji!mbswb! jtqsfeb!•bvsv/! ! 259/!Lpkb!amf{eb!qpnbaf!nfxbxv!pnpub•b!mbswf!q•fmf@! 259/!Lpkb!amf{eb!qpnbaf!nfxbxv!pnpub•b!mbswf!q•fmf@! Lpaof! )wjstpopwf*! amf{ef! mv•f! uf•optu! lpkb! qspmb{j! j{nf}v! tubsf! j! opwf! lvujlvmf! )pnpub•b*! mbswf/! Ubk! tflsfu! pmbl|bwb! pewbkbxf! tubsf! lvujlvmf! pe! ijqpefsnvtb! .! lpe! pcsb{pwbxb! opwph! pnpub•b! tubsj! tf! sbtqvlof! j! ublp! tf! mbswb! ptmpcb}b! pe! xfhb/! Ubk! qspdft! tf! ob{jwb! mjoffof! )wjej! qjubxf! 272*/! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Cjpmphjkb!!q•fmf! Cjpmphjkb!!q•fmf! ! 25:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hfojnb@!! 25:/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hfojnb@! Hfo!vtmpwrbwb!j{sbabwbxf!pesf}foji!obtmfeoji!ptpcjob! j! lbsblufsjtujlb! pshboj{nb/! Twf! lbsblufsjtujlf! tv! pesf}fof! pesf}fojn!hfojnb/!Twfvlvqoptu!pe!twji!hfob!ob{jwb!tf!hfopujq/! Lpe! vls|ubxb! wfmjlj! efp! ptpcjob! pesf}foji! hfojnb! of! qpkbwrvkv! tf! uk/! ptubkv! v! sfdftjwopn! )ofqpkbwopn*! tubxv/! Qsj! vtnfsfopn! pebcjsbxv! spejufrtlph! qbsb! xjipwf! ptpcjof! nphv! eb!tf!qpkbwf!qpopwp!v!tmfef~jn!qplpmfxjnb/! ! 261/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!ispnp{pnj@! 261/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!ispnp{pnj@ Ispnp{pnj! tv! |ubqj~btub! pcsb{pwbxb! v! kfesv! j! tbtubwoj! tv! efp! ~fmjkf/! Cspk! jn! kf! ub•op! pesf}fo! lpe! twblph! efmb! pshboj{nb/! Ispnp{pnj! tv! optb•j! obtmfeoji! jogpsnbdjkb/! V! qpmojn! ~fmjkbnb! )kbkf-! tqfsnbup{pje-! qpmfopw! qsbi*! xjipw! cspk! kf! ibqmpjebo! )qsfqpmpwrfo*-! b! v! qspdftv! pqmpexf! v! qpmojn! ~fmjkbnb!qptubkf!ejqmpjebo!)vewpkfo*/! ! 262/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!{bns{ovub!tqfsnb!usvub@! 262/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!{bns{ovub!tqfsnb!usvub@!

103


Qsj! {bns{bwbxv! ep! .! 8:°T! ! tqfsnb! usvub! npaf! eb! tb•vwb! blujwoptu! v! usbkbxv! pe! 27! ebob/! Lwbmjufu! tns{ovuf! tqfsnf! {bwjtj!pe!qsbwjmoph!epcjkbxb!j!pcsbef!qsfe!{bns{bwbxf/! ! 263/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!pesfej!tubsptu!kbkb!qp!xjipwpn!qpmpabkv!v! ~fmjkj@! ~fmjkj@ Lblp! qsfnb! tubsjn! qvcmjlbdjkbnb! ublp! j! v! tbwsfnfopk! tqfdjkbmjtuj•lpk!mjufsbuvsj!tf!vlb{vkf!eb!kbkf!qpmpafop!v!~fmjkv! 2/! ebob! ! kf! v! wfsujlbmopn! qpmpabkv-! 3/! ebob! tf! oblsjwrvkf! b! 4/! ebob! kf! mfhmp! ob! eop/! Up! tiwbubxf! kf! ofqsbwjmop/! V! tuwbsoptuj! kbkf! {bv{jnb! kfebo! jtuj! qpmpabk! v! uplv! usj! ebob! j! tbnp! ofqptsfeop!qsfe!j{mfhbxf!mbswf-!{cph!qptfcoph!xfoph!lsfubxb! mfaf! ob! eop! ~fmjkf/! Up! tubopwj|uf! kf! qpesabop! pe! obv•ojlb! sb{oji!{fnbrb/! ! 264/!Lblp!uf•f!sb{wpk!kbkfub@! 264/!Lblp!uf•f!sb{wpk!kbkfub@ Kbkf! tf! sb{wjkb! v! kbkojdjnb! nbujdf/! Lbe! cvef! qpmpafop! v! ~fmjkv!v!xfnv!qp•jxf!sb{wjkbxf!{bnfulb!.!qspuj•f!u{w/!ptopwop! cpsbxf! qsj! lpnf! tf! kbkf! efmj! qpqsf•op! j! lbp! sf{vmubu! uphb! epcjkbkv! tf-! ! kfebo! ep! esvhph! sbtqpsf}foj! •mbo•j~j-! ob{wboj! tfhnfouj/! Jnb! ji! 32! bmj! {bexb! ewb! j|•f{bwbkv! v! qspdftv! sb{wpkb/! Sb{wpk! {bnfulb! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 46°T! usbkf! 4! ebob/! Ob! twjn! tfhnfoujnb! )ptjn! qswph! j! qptmfexfh-! ob{wboji! pehpwbsbkv~f! blspo! j! ufmtpo*! nphv! eb! tf! vp•f! fncsjpobmoj! {b•fdj!fltusfnjufub/! ! 265/!Lpkb!qjubxb!j{v•bwb!gj{jpmphjkb!q•fmf@! 265/!Lpkb!qjubxb!j{v•bwb!gj{jpmphjkb!q•fmf@ Gj{jpmphjkb! kf! obvlb! p! ajwpuojn! gvoldjkbnb! cjrblb-! ajwpujxb!j!•pwflb/!Up!kf!qsf!twfhb!fltqfsjnfoubmob!obvlb!lpkb! lpsjtuj!gj{j•lf!j!ifnjktlf!nfupef/!Gj{jpmphjkb!q•fmf!j{v•bwb! qspdft! isbxfxb-! wbsfxb! isbof-! ejtbxf-! sb{nfov! nbufsjkb! )nbubcjmj{bn*-!sbtu-!lsfubxf!j!sb{nopabwbxf!b!ublp}f!j!vujdbk! tqprb|xji!gblupsb!)ufnqfsbuvsb-!twfumptu!j!wpeb*!ob!cs{jov!j! lwbmjufu!ajwpuoji!qspdftb/!

104


! 266/!Lblp!tf!v•wstuj!kbkf!{b!eop!~fmjkf@!! 266/!Lblp!tf!v•wstuj!kbkf!{b!eop!~fmjkf@ Tnbusb! tf! eb! qsj! qpmbhbxv! kbkfub! pe! tusbof! nbujdf! pop! epmb{j! v! lpoublu! tb! mfqrjwpn! nbufsjkpn! j{mv•fopn! pe! epcsp! sb{wjkfof! wfmjlf! puspwof! amf{ef! )wjej! qjubxf243*/! Nphv~f! kf! nf}vujn!eb!tf!kbkf!pwmbaj!tflsfupn!lpkj!mv•j!Ekvgvspwb!amf{eb! )wjej!qjubxf256*!j!ob!ubk!ob•jo!tf!{bmfqj!{b!eop!~fmjkf/! ! 267/!\ub!kf!qbsufophfof{b@! 267/!\ub!kf!qbsufophfof{b@! Qbsufophfof{b! kf! qpkbwb! lpkb! tf! tsf~f! lpe! jotflbub! lpe! lpkji! tf! pe! ofpqmp~foph! kbkfub! sb{wjkb! cvev~j! pshboj{bn/! Lpe! q•fmb!tf!ob!ubk!ob•jo!mfhv!usvupwj/! ! 268/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!kbkf!qsfe!j{mfhbxf!mbswf@! 268/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!kbkf!qsfe!j{mfhbxf!mbswf@! Qsfe! j{mfhbxf! mbswf! kbkf! kf! twfump! tjwf! cpkf! b! lsp{! qsp{sb•oj!pnpub•!nphv!eb!tf!qptnbusbkv!lpouvsf!{bnfulb/! ! 269/!Lblwb!kf!wfmj•job!kbkfub!!j!pe!•fhb!tf!pop!tbtupkj@! 269/!Lblwb!kf!wfmj•job!kbkfub!!j!pe!•fhb!tf!pop!tbtupkj@! Kbkf! )tm/41*! qsfetubwrb! ~fmjkv! evajof! plp! 2-6! nn/! j! ufajof!1-22!ep!1-26!nh/!Kfebo!ljmphsbn! kbkb!)tlpsp!8-7!njmjpob*! cj! nphmf!eb! toftv! qfeftfu! wjubmoji! nbujdb! {b! hpejov! ebob/Ewb! tvqspuob! lsbkb! kbkfub! ob{jwbkv! tf! qpmpwj/! Jtqvq•fob! tusbob! kf! cvev~b!uscv|ob!tusbob!q•fmf/!Tqprb!kf!qplsjwfob!pnpupn!)lpkj!

Tm/!41/!Kbkf!q•fmf!–.!tqprb|xj! j{hmfe!j!v{evaoj!qsftfl! 2/ kfesp! 3/ pnpub•! 4/ pnpub•!avnbodfub! 5/ avnbodf!

105


tf! ob{jwb! ipsjpo*-! ob! •jkpk! qpws|joj! nphv! eb! tf! wjef! lpouvsf! |ftuptusbof! qmp•jdf/! Ob! qsfexfn! lsbkv! jnb! nbmj! puwps-! njlspqjm-!lsp{!lpkj!tf!qspcjkb!tqfsnbup{pje!qsj! qspmb{v!kbkfub! qplsbk!puwpsb!ob!tfnfqsjkfnojlv/! ! ! 26:/! [b! lpkf! wsfnf! kbkf! {besabwb! tqptpcoptu! {b! ajwpu! wbo! lp|ojdf@! lp|ojdf@ Qsfnb!ofljn!jtusbajwbxjnb!kbkf!of!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!wj|f! pe! 4! ebob! wbo! lp|ojdf/! Obknbxf! wsfnf! j{esabwbkv! kbkb! qptubwrfob!v!imbexbl<!obkptfurjwjkb!tv!qsfnb!imbeop~j!twfaf! toftfob! kbkb! j! pob! pe! lpkji! ~f! vtlpsp! eb! tf! j{mfhv! mbswf/! Tqptpcoptu! kbkfub! {b! ajwpu! {bwjtj! pe! ufnqfsbuvsf! ob! lpkpk! tf! •vwb/! ! 271/!Lblp!qspuj•f!ebrj!sb{wpk!kbkfub@ 271/!Lblp!qspuj•f!ebrj!sb{wpk!kbkfub@! uj•f!ebrj!sb{wpk!kbkfub@ Kbkf! qp•jxf! eb! tf! sb{wjkb! penbi! qptmf! qpmbhbxb-! blp! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! pehpwbsbkv~b/! Qpnp~v! ofqsfljeoph! efrfxb! ~fmjktlph! kfesb! pop! tf! qsfpcsb~b! j{! kfeop~fmjktlph! v! wj|f~fmjktlj! {bnfubl/! Qptmf! 26/! tbub! pe! qswph! efrfxb! kfesb-! qpws|job! kbkfub! tf! qplsjwb! tmpkfn! ~fmjkb! )cmbtupefsn*/! Qptmf! 32/! •btb! ~fmjkf! cmbtupefsnb! sbtqpsf}fof! ob! jtqvq•fopk! tusboj! kbkfub! sbtuv! v! wjt! j! pcsb{vkv! {bnfulpwv! qmp•jdv/! Lpe! ebrfh! sbtub! ~fmjkb! {bnfulpwf! qmp•jdf! wf~! ofnb! nftub! ob! qpws|joj! kbkfub! j! qp•jxf! eb! qspejsf! v! xfhpwv! vovusb|xptu! pcsb{vkv~j! wfmjlv! csb{ev! qp! dfmpk! evajoj! qmp•jdf/! Pob! tf! qptufqfop! tbwjkb! vovusb-! {buwbsb! tf! j! ob! lsbkv! tsbtub! ublp! eb! tf! pcsb{vkf! njlsptlpqtlb! dfw•jdb! ob{wbob! fncsjpobmop! dsfwp/! Qsj! qpwpropk! ufnqfsbuvsj! )45! .! 46°T*-! fncsjpobmoj! sb{wpk! nbujdf-! q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!usvub!qspuj•f!{b!4!ebob/! ! 272/!Lpkj!tv!qfsjpej!sb{wpkb!kbkfub!lpe!nbujdf-!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j! usvub@! usvub@

106


Qfsjpej! sb{wpkb! kbkfub! ojtv! kfeoblj! lpe! twji! joejwjevb/! Lpe! nbujdf! usbkf! 27! ebob-! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! 32! ebo! j! lpe! usvub!35!ebob/!Qpkfejoj!tubejkj!sb{wpkb!q•fmf!ebuj!tv!v!ubcfmj! 3/!V!qspdftv!sb{wpkb-!nbujdb-!sbejmjdb!j!usvu-!nfxbkv!tf!7!qvub! )wjej!qjubxf!259!j!283*/!Qswb!ep!•fuwsuf!qspnfof!tf!pcbwrb!pe! 2/!ep!5/!ebob!pe!j{mfhbxb!mbswf-!qfub-!qswph!ebob!qsfemvuljoph! tubejkvnb!b!qptmfexb-!|ftub!qspnfob!kfebo!ebo!qsfe!j{mfhbxf! jnbhb!)pesbtmph!jotflub*/! ! 273/! V! •fnv! tf! sb{mjlvkf! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! nbujdf! j! q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! sbejmjdf@ V! ~fmjkf! opsnbmof! evajof! nbujdb! qpmpaj! qp! kfeop! kbkf! v! xfov!tsfejov/!Q•fmb!usvupwlb!)mbaob!nbujdb!.!wjej!qjubxf!99*! kf!tb!lsbuljn!uscvipn!j!of!npaf!eb!epiwbuj!eop!~fmjkf-!qmbaf!4!– .!5!kbkfub!obkwj|f!qp!{jev!~fmjkf/! ! 274/! Lbeb! q•fmf! qptubwrbkv! isbov! v! ~fmjkf! v! lpkf! kf! qpmpafop! kbkf@! kbkf@ Njlsptlpqtljn!qptnbusbxfn-!Psptj!kf!vtubopwjp!eb!q•fmf! qptubwrbkv! isbov! lbe! kf! {sfmp! kbkf/! Isborjwf! nbufsjkf! tv! ofpqipeof! mbswj! eb! cj! tf! ptmpcpejmb! tqprxfh! pnpub•b! )lvujlvmf*/! V! qspujwopn! tmv•bkv! pob! ptubkf! j{obe! hmbwf! lbp! |mfn! j! mbswb! vhjof/! Phmfepn! kf! eplb{bop! eb! mbswb-! ! j{mfafob! j{! kbkfub! ep! lpkfh! q•fmf! ojtv! jnbmf! qsjtuvq! j! ojtv! nphmf! eb! hb! tobcefkv! tb! isborjwjn! nbufsjkbnb-! vhjof-! b! mbswf! lpkf! tv! epcjkbmf! isbov! sb{wjkbkv! tf! opsnbmop/! Fup! {b|up-! hmfej|uf-! eb! q•fmf!isbof!mbswf!qptmf!xjipwph!j{mfhbxb!kf!ofqsbwjmop/! ! 275/!Lpmjlp!cs{p!sbtuv!mbswf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!pe!•fhb!{bwjtj! xjipwb!ufajob@! xjipwb!ufajob@! Qsj!j{mfhbxv!ufajob!mbswf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!kf!1-22!nh/!Ep! npnfoub! lbeb! q•fmf! qsftubov! eb! kf! isbof! pob! eptujaf! 261! nh/! uk/vwf~bwb! tf! 2475! qvub/! Blp! vqpsfejnp! jtuj! qfsjpe-! ufajob! mbswf!nbujdf!eptujaf!411!nh/!uk/!3838!qvub!wf~b!pe!qswpcjuof-!b!

107


lpe! usvub! 471-! jmj! 4383! qvub! wf~b! pe! qswpcjuof/! Wfmj•job! j! ufajob!mbswf!{bwjtj!pe!lwbmjufub!ebuf!isbof/! ! ! Ubcfmb!3! Ubcfmb!3 ! Tubejkvnj!sb{wpkb!q•fmf;! ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////! !!!!!Eboj!!!!!!!!!!!!Nbujdb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Q•fmb!sbejmjdb!!!!!!!!!!!!!Usvu! ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////! !!!!!!!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!kbkf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!kbkf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!kbkf! !!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////! !!!!!!5!!!!!!!!!!mbswb!ob!eov!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mbswb!ob!eov!!!!!!!!!!!!!mbswb!ob!eov!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ~fmjkf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~fmjkf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~fmjkf! !!!!!!6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!7!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! /////////////////!!/////////////////////////////////!! !!!!!!:!!!!!!!!mbswb!tf!jtqsbwrb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!////////////////////////////////////! !!!!21!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mbswb!tf!jtqsbwrb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! /////////////////!!////////////////////////////////!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!///////////////////! !!!!22!!!!!!!!!!!!qsfemvulb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mbswb!tf!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!jtqsbwrb! /////////////////!!////////////////////////////////!!!////////////////////////////////////! !!!!23!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mvulb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!qsfemvulb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!24!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! …///////////////////////////……//////////!…////////////////////!!! !!!!25!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mvulb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!qsfemvulb! !!!!26!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! /////////////////!!///////////////////////////////!!

108


!!!!27!!!!!j{mfaf!tf!nbujdb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! /////////////////!!////////////////////////////////!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!///////////////////! !!!!28!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!mvulb! !!!!29!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!2:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!31!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!////////////////////////////////////! !!!!32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!j{mfaf!tf!q•fmb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sbejmjdb! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!////////////////////////////////////! !!!!33!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″!!!!!!!!! !!!!34!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!″! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/////////////////////! 35 j{mfaf!tf!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!usvu!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////……//////////////!

! ! ! ! 276/Lblp!tf!j{mfaf!q•fmjxb!mbswb@!! 276/Lblp!tf!j{mfaf!q•fmjxb!mbswb@! J{mfhbxf! q•fmjxf! mbswf! jtqjujwbop! kf! pe! bnfsj•lji! obv•ojlb/!Poj!tv!qptubwjmj!v!Qfusjkfwv!•b|jdv!~fmjkf!tb!kbkjnb! qsj! pehpwbsbkv~pk! ufnqfsbuvsj! j! wmbaoptuj-! |up! kf! ebwbmp! nphv~optu!eb!tf!qptubwj!qpe!njlsptlpq!j{mfhbxf!mbswf-!cf{!eb! tf! obsv|bwb! qsjspeoj! qspdft/! J{mfhbxf! kf! {bqp•fmp! tb! mbljn! obevwbxfn! pcmphf! kbkfub! qptmf! •fhb! tf-! ! cmj{v! tsfexfh! efmb-! qpkbwjmb! nbmb! lbqrjdb! uf•optuj/! Uf•optu! tf! sb{mjmb! qp! qpwsf|joj! kbkfub! j! pnpub•! kf! j|•f{bp/! Tbwjw|j! tf! lbp! mvl-! mbswb!tf!qptufqfop!tqv|ub!ob!eop!~fmjkf!j!qp•jxf!eb!ej|f/!Dfp! qspdft! usbkf! 31! .! 71! njovub/! Qsj! upnf! v! ~fmjkj! kp|! ojkf! jnbmp! isborjwji!nbufsjkb!lpkf!cj!nphmf!eb!pnfuv!sbtuwbsbxf!pnpub•b! kbkfub!)wjej!qjubxf!274*/!

109


! 277/!Lblp!vuj•f!plpmob!tsfejob!ob!tqprb|xj!j{hmfe!nbujdf@ ob!tqprb|xj!j{hmfe!nbujdf@! 277/!Lblp!vuj•f!plpmob!tsfejob! ob!tqprb|xj!j{hmfe!nbujdf@ Blp! tf! v{nv! qmfnfojuf! q•fmf! tb! qp{obujn! obtmfeojn! ptpcjobnb!j!sbtqpsfef!v!ewb!epcsp!hbkfob!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!)pe! lpkji! kf! kfeop! tmbcp! b! esvhp! kblp*-! j{! xji! ~f! tf! epcjuj! ewb! sb{mj•jub! ujqb! nbujdf-! lpkj! ~f! tf! sb{mjlpwbuj! qp! cpkj! j! wfmj•joj/! Nbujdb! peofhpwbob! v! kblpn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! kf! cmfeb!j!wfmjlb!b!peofhpwbob!v!tmbcpn!esv|uwv!kf!ubnob!j!tjuob/! ! 278/! Lbeb! q•fmjxb! mbswb! qswj! qvu! ! mv•j! j{nfu! j! |ub! cjwb! t! xjn@! xjn@ Qptmf!•fuwsuph!qsftwmb•fxb!)qspnfof!lvujlvmf*!mbswb!tf! jtqsbwj!ublp!eb!kpk!kf!hmbwb!vtnfsfob!qsfnb!puwpsv!~fmjkf/!V!upn! npnfouv! tf! puwbsb! wfoujm! ob! tsfefxfn! dsfwv! j! pob! qswj! qvu! mv•j! j{nfu/! Qptmf! uphb! jtqsbwrbxb! mbswb! qp•jxf! eb! qsfef! •bvsv! plp! tfcf! tmj•op! pnpub•v/! J{mv•foj! pe! mbswf! j{nfu! tf! obmb{j! jtqpe! •bvsf! lpkb! j! qptmf! qsfmb{b! mbswf! ob! qsfemvulv! ptubkf!v!~fmjkj/!Qsfnb!upnf!pob!tmvaj!lbp!ijhjkfotlb!j{pmbdjkb! pe!j{nfub-!toftfojn!kbkjnb-!nfev!jmj!qpmfov/!J{nfu!mbswf!ptubkf! qpe! ptubdjnb! •bvsf! v! ~fmjkj! twf! epl! tb~f! cvef! qsfupqrfop! v! wptbl/! ! 279/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!mbswb!j!mvulb@! 279/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkv!mbswb!j!mvulb Hmbwob! j! ptopwot! sb{mjlb! kf! v!upnf!eb! kf! mbswb! qplsfuob-! qsjnb! isbov! j! sb{mjlvkf! tf! pe! pesbtmf! q•fmf! epl! kf! mvulb! ofqplsfuob-!of!isboj!tf!j!qsfe!qptmfexpn!gb{pn!sb{wpkb!nophp! kf!tmj•ob!jnbhv!)pesbtmpn!jotfluv*/! ! 27:/!\ub!cjwb!tb!mbswpn!lbe!jtqsfef!•bvsv@! 27:/!\ub!cjwb!tb!mbswpn!lbe!jtqsfef!•bvsv@ Qptmf! jtqsfebxb! •bvsf! mbswb! mfaj! ofqplsfuop! ob! eov! ~fmjkf! j! j{qvxbwb! kf! tb! ufmpn! qp! evajoj/! Up! kf! u{w/! qfsjpe! qsfemvulf-! lpkj! usbkf! lpe! nbujdf! 2! ebo-! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! 3! ebob! b! lpe! usvub! 4! ebob/! Tb! ujn! v! tv|ujoj! {bqp•jxf! qspdft! qspnfof!mbswf!v!mvulv/!

110


! 281/![b|up!kf!tb~f!ubnof!cpkf@ [b|up!kf!tb~f!ubnof!cpkf@! 281/! [b|up!kf!tb~f!ubnof!cpkf@! Wfmj•job! ~fmjkb! tb~b! tf! tnbxvkf! {ob•bkop! tb! vwf~bxfn! cspkb! hfofsbdjkb! j{mfafoji! v! xjnb/! Ob! {jepwjnb! ~fmjkb! ptjn! •bvsf! qsjmfqf! tf! j! ptv|fof! lvujlvmf! ptubmf! qptmf! qspnfof! )pnpub•j-lp|vrjdf*! j! j{nfuj! mbswf! lbp! j! ptubdj! isbof/! J{! uph! sb{mphb! tb~f! qptufqfop! qpubnoj-! qptubkf! ufaf-! lwbmjufu! tf! qphps|bwb! j! {bup! usfcb! eb! tf! nfxb! )v! tvqspuopn! ofj{cfaop! obtuvqb!efhfofsbdjkb!q•fmb*/! ! 282/! Lbeb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! {buwbsbkv! ~fmjkf! v! lpkjnb! tf! obmb{f! mbswf@! mbswf@ Q•fmf! sbejmjdf! {buwbsbkv! ~fmjkv-! lbeb! mbswb! lpkb! tf! obmb{j! v! xpk-! jtqvoj! kf! dfmv/! [buwbsbxf! ws|j! tb!qplmpqdfn! pe! wptlb! pcphb~foph! qpmfopn/! Vwfl! qptmf! uphb! mbswb! tf! jtqsbwj! j! {bup!q•fmbs!of!npaf!eb!wjej!v!puwpsfopk!~fmjkj!)qsj!opsnbmojn! vtmpwjnb*! mbswv! v! jtqsvafopn! tubxv! lbeb! pob! qp•jxf! eb! pcsb{vkf!•bvsv/!Jtqsfebxf!•bvsf!lpe!mbswf!nbujdf!usbkf!3!ebob! b!lpe!mbswf!usvub!4!ebob/! ! 283/! Lblbw! kf! {ob•bk! tuwbsbxb! offmbtuj•oph! pnpub•b! q•fmjxf! mbswf@! mbswf@! V! qspdftv! sbtub! ufmp! mbswf! tf! qplsjwb! tb! offmbtuj•ojn! ijujopwjn!pnpub•fn!lpkj!tmvaj!v!sb{mj•jujn!tubejkjnb!sb{wpkb! lbp! {b|ujuoj! tmpk/! Ubk! pnpub•! pnfub! ebrj! sbtu! mbswf! j! v! uplv! sb{wpkb! pob! hb! nfxb! )mjoffof*! 5! qvub! ){b! qspnfov! qsfemvulf! j! mvulf!wjej!qjubxf!272*/! ! 284/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!•bvsb@! 284/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!•bvsb@ _bvsb! mj•j! ob! ofaov! qfmfov-! lpkb! kf! v! hpsxfn! efmv! tscsobtub! j! wmblobtub! b! v! epxfn! efmv-! plp! eob! j! tb! tusbof-! lbgfob!j!qspwjeob/! !

111


285/! Qp! •fnv! tf! sb{mjlvkf! •bvsb! nbujdf! pe! •bvsf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf!j!usvub@! sbejmjdf!j!usvub@! _bvsb! nbujdf! tf! sb{mjlvkf! pe! •bvsf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! usvub! qp! upnf! |up! ojkf! ipnphfob/! Mbswb! nbujdf! mfaj! v! wfmjlpk! ~fmjkj!j!{bup!ofnb!nphv~optu!eb!sbtqpsfej!sbwopnfsop!qp!ufmv! tflsfu! pe! lphb! jtqsfeb! •bvsv/! Ubk! tflsfu! tf! obhpnjmb! v! epxfn! efmv! nbuj•of! ~fmjkf! )nbuj•xblb! *! j! ubnp! tf! •bvsb! of! tuwseof-! •joj!tf!{bup-!|up!kf!v!lpoubluv!tb!nmf•pn/! ! 286/! Lblwb! qsfjnv~tuwb! jnb! mbswb! nbujdf! qsfe! mbswpn! mbswpn! q•fmf! sbejmjdf!qsj!pcsb{pwbxv!•bvsf@! sbejmjdf!qsj!pcsb{pwbxv!•bvsf@! Qptmf! jtqsfebxb! •bvsf-! ! ! mbswb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! kf! mblb! )ufajob! kpk! tf! tnbxvkf*! v! peoptv! ob! ufajov! qsfe! {buwbsbxf! ~fmjkf/! Sb{mph! upnf! kb! eb-! epl! tf! pcsb{vkf! •bvsb-! pob! lpsjtuj! tbnp! fofshjkv! tpqtuwfoph! ufmb-! {bup! |up! of! epcjkb! isbov/! Lpe! mbswf! nbujdf! kf! pcsovup-! qptubkf! ufab-! |up! qplb{vkf! eb! tf! v! qfsjpev! qsfefxb! •bvsf! pob! isboj! nmf•pn! lpkj! kf! tlmbej|ufo! v! nbuj•xblv/! ! 287/!Lpkf!nbufsjkf!tbesaj!nmf•!j!lpkf!amf{ef!hb!qspj{wpef@! 287/!Lpkf!nbufsjkf!tbesaj!nmf•!j!lpkf!amf{ef!hb!qspj{wpef@ Nmf•!tbesaj!cjpqufsjo-!ofpqufsjo!j!qboufopwf!ljtfmjof/! Uf! sfulf! nbufsjkf! qspj{cpej! hpsxpwjmj•ob! )nboejcvmbsob*! amf{eb!lpe!nmbeji!q•fmb!)wjej!qjubxf!241*/! ! 288/! Lblbw! kf! sfeptmfe! cpkfxb! qpkfejoji! efmpwb! v! sb{wpkv! mvulf@! mvulf@! Obkqsf! tf! cpkf! p•j! mvulf-! –! qswp! tv! rvcj•btuf! b! lbtojkf! qptubkv! dsof/! Qptmf! uphb! ophf! qptufqfop! epcjkbv! csbpolbtuv! ojkbotv! b! uscvi! tf! cpkj! v! tjwp/! Lbeb! q•fmb! qsphsj{f! qplmpqbd! ~fmjkf!pob!wj|f!of!nfxb!cpkv!ep!lsbkb!ajwpub/!! ! 289/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! v! cpkfxv! mvulf! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! nbujdf@! nbujdf@

112


Qswfotuwfop! mvulb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! kf! cfmb! b! lbtojkf! epcjkb!av~lbtuv!ojkbotv/!Mvulb!nbujdf!ptubkf!cfmb!ep!{bws|fulb! qjhnfoubdjkf/! ! 28:/! Lbeb! tf! {bws|bwb! qspdft! j{hsbexf! ijujotlph! pnpub•b! ob! ufmv!q•fmf@! ufmv!q•fmf@! Qspdft! pcsb{pwbxb! ijujotlph! pnpub•b! {bqp•jxf! j! tubejkvnv! gpsnjsbxb! mvulf! j! qspevabwb! tf! ep! qsfpcsbabkb! mvulf! v! jnbhp! )pesbtmph! jotflub*/! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb! ubk!tf!qspdft!{bws|bwb!7/!ebo!qp!j{mfhbxv!nmbef!q•fmf/!Ubeb!kf! ijujo! epwprop! uwse! j! q•fmb! npaf! eb! j{mf~f! j{! lp|ojdf/! Qp! nj|rfxv!bvupsb!vcs{bop!tb{sfwbxf!nbujdf!qpnbaf!j!vcs{bopn! ijujoj{jsbxv! j! qp! xfhpwpn! {bws|fulv! pob! kf! tqptpcob! {b! pqmpexv/! ! 291/! 91/! Qplb{vkf! mj! vujdbk! fmflusj•op! {bhsfwbxf! ob! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@ Vuws}fop! kf! eb! lpe! fmflusj•oph! {bhsfwbxb! lp|ojdf! v! qp•fulv!qspmf~b-!nbujdf!{bqp•jxv!joufo{jwop!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!)v! phmfeopn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!cspk!jn!kf!2/111!ep!2/611!kbkb-!epl!kf! v! lpouspmopn! esv|uwv! tbnp! 261! ep! 461*/! Ptjn! uphb! ubk! ob•jo! {bhsfwbxb! qpcpr|bwb! wfoujmbdjkv! lp|ojdf-! qpnbaf! csafn! jtqbsbwbxv!wpef!j{!epofuph!qpmfob!j!{b!petusbxjwbxf!wpefof! qbsf! j{! lp|ojdf/! V! Tmpwb•lpk! nophj! q•fmbsj! lpsjtuf! fmflusj•op! {bhsfwbxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! bmj! ojtv! qptujhmj! qptfcob! sf{vmubuf/! Cjmj! tv! vtubopwrfoj! wfmjlj! hvcjdj! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb! lbeb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! wb{evib! wbo! lp|ojdf! kp|! eptub! ojtlb/!Phmfej!tv!qplb{bmj!eb!kf!fmflusj•op!{bhsfwbxf!lp|ojdf! lpsjtop! tbnp! v! qfsjpev! lsbk! nbsub! –! .! ! qp•fubl! bqsjmb! j! up! vupmjlp!eb!of!j{b{pwf!obhpnjmbwbxf!v!lmvcfuv!q•fmb!sbejmjdb! j! eb! {b|ujuj! mfhmp! ob! qfsjgfsjkj! lpe! tojafxb! tqprb|xf! ufnqfsbuvsf/! ! 292/!\ub!kf!mfhmp@! 292/!\ub!kf!mfhmp@

113


Qpkbn!mfhmp!vlrv•vkf!twf!tubejkf!sb{wpkb!q•fmf;!kbkb-!mbswf! j!mvulf!)cf{!pesbtmji!jotflbub*/! ! 293/!Lpkf!wsfnf!mfhmp!ptubkf!puwpsfop!v!~fmjkj@! 293/!Lpkf!wsfnf!mfhmp!ptubkf!puwpsfop!v!~fmjkj@! Puwpsfop! mbhmp! .! up! tv! twb! kbkb! j! mbswf! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! eov! ~fmjkf! ep! {buwbsbxb! pe! tusbof! pesbtmji! q•fmb! wp|ubojn! qplmpqdjnb! pcphb~fojn! qpmfopn/! Mfhmp! v! nbuj•xbdjnb! ptubkf! puwpsfop!8!.!9!ebob-!{b!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!9!.!:!ebob!b!{b!usvupwf!:! .!21!ebob/!! ! 294/! Lblp! q•fmf! isbof! mfhmp! j! lblp! vuws}vkv! lpkb! kf! mbswb! obisbxfob@! obisbxfob@ V! aesfmopk! amf{ej! )wjej! qjubxf! 248*! nmbef! q•fmf-! lpkb! tf! lsf~f! qp! tb~v-! pcsb{vkf! tf! nmf•/! Lpe! xf! tf! v! qspdftv! obtubwlb! fwpmvdjkf! sb{wjp! obtmfeop! epcjkfo! sfgmflt! eb! qpsfebkf! nmf•! nmbejn! mbswbnb! v! ~fmjkj/! )qsjtvtuwp! nmbef! mbswf!v!~fmjkj!kf!tjhobm!lpkj!cvej!sfgmflt!{b!qsfebwbxf!isbof*/! Kfejop! v! nbuj•xbdjnb! ptubkf! j{wftob! lpmj•job! nmf•b/! Lpe! mbswj!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!j!usvupwb!ob!eov!~fmjkf!jnb!tbnp!upmjlp! isbof!lpmjlp!nphv!eb!qpkfev!ep!lsbkb!tubejkvnb!twph!sb{wpkb!)u{w/! ofjtqsbwrfob!mbswb*/!Vuws}fop!kf!eb!lpe!kfeopeofwof!mbswf!ob! twblji!21!njovub!epmb{j!7!nmbeji!q•fmb!b!lpe!pesbtmji!mbswj! 9/! Qsj! twblpn! qptf~jwbxv! nmbef! q•fmf!epebkv! qp! nbmp! isbof! v! ~fmjkv/! Ublp-! lbp! sf{vmubu! uji! •ftuji! qptfub! pof! tlpsp! sbwopnfsop!tobcefwbkv!isbopn!twf!mbswf!v!mfhmv/!! ! 295/!\ub!|ufuop!efmvkf!ob!sb{wpk!mfhmb@! 295/!\ub!|ufuop!efmvkf!ob!sb{wpk!mfhmb@ Ob!sb{wpk!mfhmb!ofqpwprop!efmvkv!sb{of!cpmftuj!j{b{wbof! ofljn!wstubnb!wjsvtb-!sjlfdjkb-!cblufsjkb!j!qsptujkji!hrjwjdb/! Qsj!upnf!uj!njlsppshboj{nj!lpkj!j{b{jwbkv!pcprfxb!mfhmb!ojtv! pqbtoj! {b! pesbtmf! q•fmf-! b! cpmftuj! q•fmb! of! qsfoptf! tf! ob! mfhmp/! J{v{fubl! •joj! qsptub! hrjwjdb! Btqfshjmmvt!gmbwjt-! |ufuob! of! tbnp! {b! mfhmp! ofhp! j! {b! pesbtmf! q•fmf! b! ublp}f! sjlfdjkf! j! njlspcj!lpkj!j{b{jwbkv!tfqujlfnjkv!)wjej!qjubxf!878*/!

114


! 296/!Lbeb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!voj|ubwbkv!mfhmp@! 296/!Lbeb!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!voj|ubwbkv!mfhmp@ Q•fmf! sbejmjdf! voj|ubwbkv! mfhmp! blp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! hmbevkf/! Up! tf! ef|bwb! vwfl! v! qspmf~ojn! nftfdjnb! lbeb! {cph! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! of! nphv! eb! j{mf~v! ob! qb|v! jmj! qb|f! vpq|uf! ofnb/! Esvhj! v{spl! npaf! eb! cvef! af}! v! tmv•bkv! lbeb! tv! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! {buwpsfob! qsj! qsfwp{v! ob! esvhp! nftup/! Eb! tf! {b|ujuj! v! tmj•ojn! tmv•bkfwjnb-! mfhmp! v! sbop! qspmf~f! tf! qsjisbxvkf! sb{sf}fojn! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn!v!peoptv!2;!4!)2!lh/!|f~fsb!ob!4m/!wpef*/! ! 297/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!tf!epcjkb!hscbwp!mfhmp@! 297/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!tf!epcjkb!hscbwp!mfhmp@ Blp!v!~fmjkf!pesf}fof!{b!pqmp}fob!kbkb-!nbujdb!jmj!mbaob! nbujdb! qpmpaj! ofpqmp}fob! kbkb! j{! xji! tf! j{mfhv! usvupwj/! [b! usvupwf! tv! uf! ~fmjkf! lsbulf! j! {bup! ji! q•fmf! obephsbef/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! epcjkb! tb~f! tb! kblp! jtqvq•fojn! ~fmjkbnb! u{w/! hscbwp! mfhmp/! Blp! tv! v{spl! hscbwph! mfhmb! mbaof! nbujdf-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!usfcb!voj|ujuj-!b!blp!tf!sbej!p!tubspk!nbujdj!usfcb!kf! {bnfojuj!nmbepn/! ! 298/! Jnb! mj! sb{mjlf! v! j{mbafxv! nbujdf-! q•fmf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! usvub!j{!~fmjkf@! usvub!j{!~fmjkf@ Eb! cj! j{b|mb! j{! {buwpsfof! ~fmjkf! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! qsphsj{b! •bvsv! j! qplmpqbd! ~fmjkf! v! tsfejoj! b! nbujdb! j! usvu! qp! qfsjgfsjkj/!Qplmpqdj!qbebkv!ob!eop!lp|ojdf!j!q•fmf!ji!j{optf! obqprf/! V! wf~joj! tmv•bkfwb! qplmpqbd! nbuj•xblb! ptubkf! qsjlb•fo!{b!xv/!Qsj!j{mbtlv!nbujdb!qpejhof!qplmpqbd!bmj!{cph! fmbtuj•optuj! nbufsjkbmb! pe! lphb! kf! obqsbwrfo-! qpoflbe! tf! wsb~b! v! qswpcjuoj! qpmpabk! j! ~fmjkb! tf! qpopwp! {buwbsb/! Up! ebkf! vujtbl!eb!~fmjkb! ojkf!puwpsfob!j!eb!tf!v!xpk!obmb{j!nbujdb/!Ub! •jxfojdb! wpej! ofqsbwjmopn! {blrv•lv! eb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! {buwbsb!nbuj•xblf-!lpkj!tv!qsb{oj/!V!tuwbsoptuj!q•fmf!ojlbe!of! {buwbsbkv!ublwf!nbuj•xblf/! !

115


299/! Hef! tf! j{cbdvkf! j{nfu! nmbeji! q•fmb! lpkf! kp|! of! nphv! eb! mfuf@!! mfuf@ Qsj! qsfnfsbwbxv! nmbeji! q•fmb! tb! obqvxfojn! efcfmjn! dsfwpn-! cjmp! kf! vuws}fop! eb! tv! kfeoblf! ufajof/! Up! kf! ebmp! ptopwb!eb!tf!tnbusb!eb!nmbef!q•fmf!ptubwrbkv!j{nfu!v!lp|ojdj/! Nf}vujn-! lbeb! mjtupwj! ibsujkf! qptubwrfoj! v! lp|ojdv-! ojtv! cjmj!jtqsrboj!j{nfupn-!qsfeqptubwrbmp!tf!eb!hb!q•fmf!kfev/!V! qsbltj!up!hmfej|uf!ojkf!qpuws}fop!{bup!|up!v!uplv!nophp!hpejob! ojtv! jtqjujwboj! tmv•bkfwj! j{cbdjwbxb! j{nfub! v! lp|ojdj/! Obkwfspwbuojkf! nmbef! q•fmf! j{cbdvkv! j{nfu! lpe! twph! qswph! j{mfubxb!j{!lp|ojdf/!Ub!qsfuqptubwlb!tf!{btojwb!ob!•jxfojdj! eb!{jnj!)qfsjpe!njspwbxb*!v!lp|ojdj!ofnb!j{nfub/! ! 29:/!Lpkj!ptopwoj!qfsjpej!nphv!eb!tf!sb{mjlvkv!v!ajwpuv!q•fmf!v! uplv!hpejof@! uplv!hpejof@ V! uplv! hpejof! v! ajwpuv! q•fmf! sb{mjlvkv! tf! tmfef~j! ptopwoj! qfsjpej;! qsjqsfnoj-! qfsjpe! sb{wpkb-! qspevlujwoptuj! j! njsb/! Qsjqsfnoj! qfsjpe! qspmb{j! lsp{! ewf! fubqf/! Qswb! {bqp•jxf!v!bwhvtuv!lbeb!tf!qpmbhbxf!nbujdf!qpwf~bwb!eb!cj!tf! ptjhvsbmf! hfofsbdjkf! {b! qspmf~f<! ubeb! v! opsnbmopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv!ofnb!usvupwb!oj!usvupwtlph!mfhmb/!Esvhb!fubqb!qspuj•f! v! qspmf~f! lbeb! kf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! kblp! j! nbujdb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! •bl! j! v! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf/! Qfsjpe! sb{wpkb! j! wsmp! joufo{jwbo!sbtu!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{bqp•jxf!tb!dwfubxfn!jwf!j! {bws|bwb! tf! qsfdwfubwbxfn! wp~blb<! ubeb! vhjxbwbkv! twf! tubsf! q•fmf! lpkf! tv! qsfajwfmf! {jnv/! Qfsjpe! qspevlujwoptuj! {bqp•jxf! tb! hmbwopn! qb|pn! v! usf~pk! eflbej! nbkb! j! npaf! eb! tf! qspevaj!)qsj!qpwprojn!vtmpwjnb*!ep!lsbkb!bwhvtub/!Pwp!{bwjtj! pe! j{wpsb! qb|f! v! pesf}fojn! nftujnb-! lpkj! nphv! cjuj! wsmp! sb{mj•juj/! Qfsjpe! njsb! qp•jxf! v! opwfncsv! j! usbkf! ep! qswph! qpuqvoph! pcmfubxb-! lpkf! pcj•op! cjwb! v! esvhpk! eflbej! gfcsvbsb! )v!ofqpwprojn!vtmpwjnb!npaf!eb!tf!{besaj!ep!qp•fulb!bqsjmb*/! ! 2:1/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!v!q•fmbstuwv!qpkbn!tf{potlb!qspnforjwptu@! 2:1/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!v!q•fmbstuwv!qpkbn!tf{potlb!qspnforjwptu@

116


Pcpkfoj!efmpwj!)pe!avuph!ep!avupcsbpo*-!lpkj!tf!obmb{f!ob! usf~fn! ufshjuv! hsveoph! tfhnfoub! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf-! nfxb! tf! {bwjtop! pe! tf{pof/! Ublp}f! ojtv! vwfl! kfeoblf! evajof! tvsmjdf-! wfmj•jof! ufshjub-! wfmj•jof! wp|ufoji! phmfebmbdb! jue/! Cb|! qspnfof!ob!ujn!p{oblbnb!tv!ob{wbof-!v!vlvqpopn!qpknv-!tf{potlb! qspnforjwptu/! Pof! tf! qptnbusbkv! obk•f|~f! v! qspmf~f! j! kftfo! lbeb!kf!v!isboj!q•fmb-!lpmj•job!pesf}foji!nbufsjkb!ofpqipeoji! {b! cpkfxf! usf~fh! ufshjub! uscvib-! ofepwprob! b! jtup! j! lbeb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! ojtlb-! ofepwprop! isbof! jue/! Tnbusb! tf! eb! q•fmf! tb! ofepwprop! pcpkfojn! ufshjujnb! usfcb! eb! tf! qspnfof-! op! up! ojkf!vwfl!sbdjpobmop!{bup!|up!q•fmf!j{!tmfef~f!hfofsbdjkf!nphv! eb!jnbkv!jtup!pcpkfof!ufshjuf/! ! 2:2/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!epmb{j!v!lsjuj•op!tubxf@! 2:2/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!epmb{j!v!lsjuj•op!tubxf@ Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!epmb{j!v!lsjuj•op!tubxf!vtmfe!vhjov~b! j{mfuojdb! pe! qsjspeof! tnsuj! b! nbmj! kf! cspk! opwpj{mfafoji! nmbeji! q•fmb-! vlvqbo! cspk! qp•jxf! eb! tf! tnbxvkf/! Ublwp! tubxf! tf! pcj•op! ef|bwb! v! bqsjmv-! bmj! qsj! ofqpwprojn! lmjnbutljn! vtmpwjnb! v! qspmf~f-! up! npaf! eb! tf! qspevaj! ! j! ep! qswf! eflbef! nbkb!){b!ob|f!vtmpwf!uj!qfsjpej!tv!of|up!esvhb•jkj-!sbojkf!3!ep! 4! tfenjdf*/! Fup! {b|up! vtmfe! p•fljwbxb! lsjuj•oph! qfsjpeb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! usfcb! pcf{cfejuj! epwprof! lpmj•jof! cfmbo•fwjobtuf!j!vhrfopijesbuof!isbof/! ! 2:3/![b|up!q•fmf!mfuf!plp!tubktlf!ptplf@! 2:3/![b|up!q•fmf!mfuf!plp!tubktlf!ptplf@ Qsfnb! qpebdjnb! qvcmjlpwbojn! v! gsbodvtljn! •btpqjtv! ″Sfwjf! Gsbodbjt″! )2:66! Op/2*! q•fmf! obmb{f! v! tubktlpk! ptplj! tfptlji!ajwpujxb!tpmj!j!wjubnjo!C3/! ! 2:4/!Lblp!tf!psjkfouj|v!q•fmf!qp!pcmb•opn!wsfnfov@ 2:4/!Lblp!tf!psjkfouj|v!q•fmf!qp!pcmb•opn!wsfnfov@! /!Lblp!tf!psjkfouj|v!q•fmf!qp!pcmb•opn!wsfnfov@ Qsj! pcmb•opn! wsfnfov! q•fmf! tf! psjkfouj|v! obkwj|f! qp! tvodv/!Tmpafof!)gbtfuof*!p•j!lpe!q•fmf!)wjej!qjubxf!:9*!jnbkv! tqptpcoptu! eb! qsjnbkv! j! u{w/! qpmbsj{pwbov! twfumptu! lpkv!

117


•pwflpwp! plp! of! npaf! eb! sb{mjlvkf/! [bup! qp! pcmb•opn! ebov! q•fmf!tf!psjkfouj|v!qsfnb!qsbwdv!j{wpsb!twfumptuj/! ! 2:5/!Eb!mj!tv!ofpqipeof!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! 2:5/!Eb!mj!tv!ofpqipeof!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@ Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp-!lbp!cjpmp|lb!dfmjob-!v!twpn!sb{wpkv!kf! qspevlujwop!tbnp!ubeb!lbeb!npaf!eb!j{hsb}vkf!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf! j! eb! pehbkb! usvupwf/! Pulmbxbxf! ublwf! nphv~optuj! cj! ptmbcjmp! ajwpuof! tqptpcoptuj! j! tnbxjmp! cj! qspevlujwoptu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! ! 2:6/! [b|up! tfwfsof! sbtf! q•fmb! ptubwrbkv! qpe! qplmpq•j~jnb! ~fmjkb!tb!nfepn!wb{ev|oj!nf}vqsptups@! ~fmjkb!tb!nfepn!wb{ev|oj!nf}vqsptups@! Qspnfof! ufnqfsbuvsf! qplb{vkv! vujdbk! ob! lpmj•jov! tlmbej|ufoph! nfeb! v! ~fmjkbnb/! Blp! tv! pof! qvof! ep! wsib-! qpe! efktuwpn! p|usji! qspnfob! ufnqfsbuvsf! qplmpq•j~j! nphv! eb! tf! sb{sv|f!j!nfe!eb!jtuf•f!j{!~fmjkb/!Cb|!{bup!tfwfsof!sbtf!q•fmb! ptubwrbkv! wb{ev|oj! nf}vqsptups! jtqpe! qplmpq•j~b/! Qsj! upnf! ubk! ob•jo! {buwbsbxb! kf! obtmfeop! vtmpwrfo! jotujolu! lpkj! kf! tb•vwbo! •bl! j! qsj! xjipwpn! qsfnf|ubxv! v! esvhf! cjplmjnbutlf! pcmbtuj/! ! 2:7/! Lblwb! nj|rfxb! qptupkf! {b! qsflje! op|fxb! nbujdf! v! hmbwopk!qb|j@! hmbwopk!qb|j@ Hmfej|ub! qp! upn! qjubxv! tv! wsmp! qspujwsf•ob/! Lbp! sf{vmubu! phmfeb-! oflj! q•fmbsj! tv! qsfempajmj! ob•jo! {b! qpwf~bxf! qspevlujwoptuj! q•fmb! qpnp~v! phsboj•bwbxb! op|fxb! nbujdf! v! wsfnf! hmbwof! qb|f/! V! upn! djrv! nbujdb! tf! nfxb! v! qfsjpev!qpwf~bxb!hmbwof!qb|f/!Ob!ptopwv!tmj•oji!phmfeb!esvhj! q•fmbsj!tv!ep|mj!ep!qpuqvop!tvqspuoji!{blrv•blb-!eb!qspnfob! nbujdf! v! upn! qfsjpev! vuj•f! tvqspuop! ob! qspevlujwoptu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Lpe! qswph! ob•job-! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! nbujdf! qsfljeb! tf! {b! pesf}fop! wsfnf/! [bup! tf! qpusfcb! {b! isbopn! tnbxvkf!b!sf{fswf!isbof!qpwf~bwbkv/!Lpe!phmfeb!esvhji!q•fmbsb! wfspwbuop! kf! tubsb! nbujdb! cjmb! {bnfxfob! nmbepn! lpkb!

118


joufo{jwop! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! up! tf! pesb{jmp! tvqspuop! qsfnb! lpmj•joj! sf{fswj! isbof/! V! vtmpwjnb! Tmpwb•lf-! qsflje! qpmbhbxb!kbkb!nbujdf!ep{wprbwb!tf!tbnp!v!qswpk!eflbej!kvmb!j!up! of! wj|f! pe! 21! ebob/! Qptmf! uphb! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! v! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!epeb!nmbeb!pqmp}fob!nbujdb/!! ! 2:8/![b|up!usfcb!qpqstlbuj!tb~f!wpepn!lpe!wsb~bxb!v!lp|ojdv! qptmf!dfousjgvhjsbxb@! qptmf!dfousjgvhjsbxb@ Qptmf! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb! j! wsb~bxb! tb~b! ob{be! v! lp|ojdv! pop! nophp! joufo{jwop! vqjkb! wmbhv! v! xpk/! Wmbhb! kf! qpusfcob! {b! ofhv! mfhmb! qb! q•fmf! npsbkv! eb! optf! wpev! tqprb/! [bup! usfcb! tb~f! qsfe! wsb~bxf! v! lp|ojdv! qpqstlbuj! wpepn-! eb! tf!pwmbaj/! ! 2:9/! Lblp! q•fmf! sfbhvkv! ob! hbtpwf! npupsb! tb! vovusb|xjn! tbhpsfwbxfn@! tbhpsfwbxfn@! Hbtpwj! npupsb! tb! vovusb|xjn! tbhpsfwbxfn! nophp! sb{esbavkv! q•fmf/! Sbej! uphb-! lpe! tfmf~fh! q•fmbsfxb! qptmf! usbotqpsub! ob! q•fmjxbl-! usfcb! jtlrv•juj! npups! qsfwp{oph! tsfetuwb!jmj!eb!tf!vebrj!pe!lp|ojdb!!ob!sbtupkbxf!cf{cfeop!{b! q•fmf! j! qptmf! uphb! eb! tf! puwpsj! mfup! )vmb{*! ob! lp|ojdj/! Obkcprf! kf! eb! tf! lp|ojdf! qptubwf! ob! tubmop! nftup! qb! eb! tf! qptmf!uphb!puwpsj!mfup/! ! 2::/! Eb! mj! kf! nphv~f! eb! {blsarbmj! pshboj! q•fmf! vtqptubwf! gvoldjkv@! gvoldjkv@ Eplb{bop!kf!eb!kf!nphv~f!eb!oflj!{blsarbmj!pshboj!q•fmf! vtqptubwf!gvoldjkv!blp!tubxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!up!j{jtlvkf!)ob! qsjnfs! ! aesfmof! amf{ef! lpe! tubsji! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! b! jtup! j! amf{ef!lpkf!mv•f!wptbl*/!! ! 311/!\ub!usfcb!{obuj!p!cjpmp|lj!ofwsfeopn!spkv@! 311/!\ub!usfcb!{obuj!p!cjpmp|lj!ofwsfeopn!spkv@ Cjpmp|lj! ofwsfebo! spk! tf! epcjkb! qsj! jtusftbxv! nmbeji! q•fmb!tb!sbnpwb!j!q•fmb!lpkf!tv!tf!csjovmf!{b!usvupwtlp!mfhmp/!

119


Ublbw! spk! tf! qsbwj! lbeb! kf! qpusfcop! eb! tf! ptmbcj! jotujolu! spkfxb! lpe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Tnjtbp! kf! v! upnf-! eb! blp! v! lp|ojdj! jnb! wfmjlj! cspk! nmbeji! q•fmb-! kbwrb! tf! wj|bl! nmf•b! lpkj! qpetuj•f! spkfwj! jotujolu/! Spk! pcsb{pwbo! tbnp! pe! nmbeji! q•fmb! kf! cjpmp|lj! ofwsfebo! {bup! |up! tv! v! xfnv! twf! q•fmf! j{! kfeof! jtuf! v{sbtuof! hsvqf! j! ofnb! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb/! Qptmf! epebwbxb!spkv!pqmp}fof!nbujdf!)po!mblp!qsjnb!j!ofpqmp}fov*!v! lp|ojdj! usfcb! eb! tv! pcf{cf}fof! {bmjif! qpmfob! j! nfeb! j! eb! tf! q•fmbnb! ebkf! sb{sf}fo! tjsvq! v! peoptv! 2;4! )2! lh/! |f~fsb-! 4! m/! wpef*/! Spk! ublwph! ujqb! jnb! qsfjnv~tuwp-! kfs! nmbef! q•fmf! jtupwsfnfop! qptubkv! j{mfuojdf! j! v! dfmjoj! jtlpsj|~bwbkv! qb|v! qptmf! lpkf! v! kfeop! jtup! wsfnf! vhjov/! V! upn! qfsjpev! tf! j{mfhv! opwf!nmbef!q•fmf!j!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!of!ptf~b!hvcrfxf!tubsji/!! ! 312/! Ob! lpkj! ob•jo! npaf! eb! cvef! jtlpsj|~fob! q•fmb! ep! lsbkb! lsbkb! ajwpub/!! ajwpub/!! Qptmf! hmbwof! qb|f! )pcj•op! v! bwhvtuv*! lbeb! tf! of! p•flvkf! vopt! oflubsb! pesbtmf! q•fmf! v! lp|ojdj! qptubkv! ofqpusfcof-! kfs! pof! kfev! sf{fswf! nfeb/! Pof! nf}vujn! nphv! eb! cvev! jtlpsj|~fof! {b!″qpenmb}jwbxf″!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!lbeb!tf!tuwpsf!vtmpwj!{b! qpwf~bop! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! nbujdf/! Qsj! upnf! isbof~j! joufo{jwop! nmbep! mfhmp! tubsf! q•fmf! tf! jtdsqrvkv! j! qptmf! jtqvxfoph! {bebulb! vhjov/! Esvhj! ivnboj! ob•jo! qpnp~v! lpkfh! npaf! eb! tf! tnbxj! cspk! tubsji! q•fmb! kf! gpsnjsbxf! spkb! pe! xji! {b! qpqvxbwbxf! esvhji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Spkv! tf! epebkf! nmbeb! pqmp}fob! nbujdb! lpkb! joufo{jwop! qpmbaf! kbkb/! Lpe! pcjmoph! qsjisbxjwbxb! epcjkb! tf! wfmjlb! lpmj•job! mfhmb-! pe! xfhb! tf! sb{wjkb!hfofsbdjkb!lpkb!qsf{jnrvkf!j!tmfef~fh!qspmf~b!pcsb{vkf! tf! nophp! qspevlujwop! esv|uwp/! Jnb! j! usf~j! ob•jo! {b! ptmpcb}bxf! pe! ofafrfoji! tubsji! q•fmb! v! qsjpev! qptmf! {bws|fulb! hmbwof! qb|f! bmj! ubk! kf! nophp! tvspw/! Tbtupkj! tf! v! epcjkbxv!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!)wjej!qjubxf!:47*/! !

120


313/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!u{w/!mblbuoph!qprb!lpe!qsfexfh!qbsb!lsjmb! q•fmf@! q•fmf@ Q•fmf! jnbkv! pqobtub! ajmj•btub! lsjmb-! lpkb! tv! qpefrfob! ajmjdbnb!ob!pewpkfob!qprb/!Usj!pe!uji!qprb!ob!)qsfexfn!qbsv! lsjmb*!jnbkv!wfmjlj!{ob•bk!{b!q•fmbstuwp!{bup!|up!qp!pcmjlv! j! wfmj•joj! jn! tf! pesf~vkf! sbtb! q•fmb/! Sbtqpsf}fob! tv! v! esvhpn! sfev!qsfexf!qpws|jof!lsjmb/!Ob!qptmfexfn!pe!xji-!mblbuopn! )ejtlpjebmopn*!qprv!tf!pesf}vkf!mblbuoj!)ejtlpjebmoj*!joeflt! ob! obkevapk! ejkbhpobmj! lpkb! qsfmb{j! up! qprf/! Pe! nftub! qsftfdbxb! ajmjdb! tf! tqv|ub! vtqsbwop! j! efmj! kf! ob! ewb! efmb/! Peopt! c! ;! b! ebkf! mblbuoj! joeflt/! [bup! |up! lpe! sb{oji! sbtb! ubk! joeflt!ojkf!jtuj!)tm/!42*-!qp!xfnv!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!qsjqbeoptu! oflf!q•fmf!pesf}fopk!sbtj/!

Tm/!42/!!Mblbuoj!joeflt!lpe!q•fmb! kvaof!sbtf!kf!wf~j!ofhp!lpe!q•fmb! tfwfsof!sbtf!

! 314/!Lbeb!tf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tblvqrb!v!lmvcf@! 314/!Lbeb!tf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tblvqrb!v!lmvcf@ Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tf! tblvqrb! v! lmvcf! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! ojapk!pe!24°T/!Blp!qsj!kp|!ojapk!ufnqfsbuvsj!q•fmf!{bqp•ov!eb! tf!j{ewbkbkv!j{!lmvcfub!up!{ob•j!eb!tv!hmbeof!jmj!cpmftof-!eb!kf! oftubmp!nbujdf!jmj!usfcb!eb!tf!ptmpcpef!j{nfub/!! !

121


315/!Lpmjlp!usbkf!wsfnf!isbxfxb!nbujdf@! 315/!Lpmjlp!usbkf!wsfnf!isbxfxb!nbujdf@ Kfeop! isbxfxf! nbujdf! usbkf! 3-6! njovub/! Joufswbmj! wsfnfob! j{nf}v! ewb! isbxfxb! {bwjtf! pe! joufo{jwoptuj! qpmbhbxb! kbkb/! Nmbef! q•fmf! lpkf! pqtmvavkv! nbujdv-! of! ebkv! kpk! isbov! v! kfeobljn! joufswbmjnb-! bmj! vwfl! lbeb! pob! ip~f! eb! kfef/! Ob!ubk!ob•jo!tf!lpe!nbujdf!pesabwb!qpusfcob! lpoejdjkb!j!ublp! tf!tujnvmj|f!qpmbhbxf!kbkb/!Obisbxfob!nbujdb!npaf!eb!qpmpaj! 261!.–!311!kbkb/! ! 316/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!eb!qsf{jnf!v!ofqplsfuopn!)vlp•fopn*!tubxv! 316/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!eb!qsf{jnf!v!ofqplsfuopn!)vlp•fopn*!tubxv! lbp!esvhj!jotfluj!)kfejoj•of!q•fmf-!nvwf!jue/*@! lbp!esvhj!jotfluj!)kfejoj•of!q•fmf-!nvwf!jue/*@! Q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! qsf{jnf! v! ofqplsfuopn! tubxv! {bup! |up! ofnbkv! ! epwprop! sf{fswj! nbtoph! uljwb! )wjej! qjubxf! 233*/! Uf! sf{fswf! tb•jxbwbkv! tbnp! 2! .! 3-3! &! pe! ufajof-! epl! lpe! kfejoj•oji!q•fmb!qspdfouoj!tbesabk!kf!25-4!.!–38-:/!Phmfej!v!upn! qsbwdv! tv! cjmj! qspwfefoj! ob! Nptlpwtlpn! vojwfs{jufuv! 2:42/! –.! 2:44/!hpe/!Vuws}fop!kf!cjmp!eb!lpe!sbtimb}jwbxb!wb{evib!ep!9°T! q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! qsjnbkv! isbov! b! jtup! j! eb! pcsb{vkv! sf{fswf! nbtop~f! v! nbtopn! uljwv-! lpkf! tv! ofpqipeof! {b! pesabwbxf! xjipwph! ajwpub/! Qp|up! tf! of! isbof-! qptmf! jtdsqrjwbxb! sf{fswj!nbtoph!uljwb-!pof!vhjov!{b!oflpmjlp!ebob/! ! 317/![b|up!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!q•fmf!ptubkv!cf{!″ 317/![b|up!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!q•fmf!ptubkv!cf{!″p•fwb″ p•fwb″@! Pesf}fop!wsfnf!qptmf!qbsfxb!tb!nbujdpn!usvupwj!vhjov!j! {bup!j{mfafof!q•fmf!ptubkv!v!lp|ojdj!cf{!″p•fwb″/! ! 318/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!fltufsjps!lpe!q•fmb@! 318/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!fltufsjps!lpe!q•fmb@ Lpe! ajwpujxb-! qpkbn! fltufsjps-p{ob•bwb! lpnqmflt! xjipwji! tqproji! p{oblb! qp! lpkjnb! tf! pesf}vkf! j{hmfe-! sbtof! ptpcjof!j!lpoejdjkb/!V!fltufsjps!q•fmb!tqbebkv!tqprof!p{oblf;! cpkb-! tqprb|xj! {obdj-! sb{nfs! lsjmb-! cspk! lvljdb! ob! {bexjn! lsjmjnb-!cpkf!tfhnfobub!ob!uscviv!)ub•ojkf!ob!ufshjujnb*-!jue/! !

122


319/! [bwjtj! mj! qspevlujwoptu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! pe! wfmj•jof! qpkfejoji!q•fmb@! qpkfejoji!q•fmb@ Qspevlujwoptu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {bwjtj! qsf! twfhb! pe! obtmfeoji! ptpcjob! j! pe! tubxb! qb|f<! wfmj•job! q•fmb! ofnb! ojlblbw!vujdbk/!Wfmjlb!q•fmb!npaf!eb!cvef!nbmp!qspevlujwob!v! qpsf}fxv! tb! tjuopn<! ptjn! uphb! pob! ojkf! vwfl! tb! evhb•lpn! tvsmjdpn/! Tjuob! q•fmb! npaf! eb! jnb! •bl! wf~j! nfeoj! nfivs! pe! lsvqof/! Twf! up! qplb{vkf! eb! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! pcsbuj! qbaxb! vhmbwopn!ob!obtmfeof!ptpcjof/!Obtupkbxf!eb!tf!peofhvkv!lsvqof! q•fmf! v! tb~v! tb! wfmjljn! ~fmjkbnb! ojtv! ebmb! p•flpwbof! sf{vmubuf!ofhp!•bl!j!mp|jkf!pe!q•fmb!peofhpwboji!v!opsnbmojn! ~fmjkbnb/! ! 31:/! Lblp! njsop! q•fmjxf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! pekfeopn! npaf! eb! qptubof! bhsftjwop@! bhsftjwop@ Nbujdb! tf! pcj•op! pqmpej! tb! oflpmjlp! usvupwb! pe! lpkji! npaf! eb! cvef! oflj! tb! ofafrfojn! twpktuwjnb-! qb! lbeb! qp•of! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! pqmp}foji! pe! ofqpepcoph! usvub! npaf! eb! tf! j{mfaf! nophp! {mji! j! bhsftjwoji! q•fmb/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! nbujdv! usfcb!nfxbuj/! ! 321/!Lp!tv!optjpdj!obtmfeoji!ptpcjob!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! 321/!Lp!tv!optjpdj!obtmfeoji!ptpcjob!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@ Optjpdj! obtmfeoji! ptpcjob! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! tv! nbujdb! j! usvupwj/! [bup! qsj! qmfnfojupn! pehbkbxv! usfcb! eb! tf! pcsbuj! wfmjlb! qbaxb! ob! pebcjs! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! pe! lpkfh! tf! v{jnb! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! )nbujdb! j! usvupwj*/! Q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! pe! lpkji! tf! v{jnbkv! nbujdf! j! usvupwj! usfcb! eb! jnbkv! epcsf! ptpcjof-! {bup! |up! •bl! j! plpmob! tsfejob! npaf! eb! vuj•f! ofqpwprop! ob! xjipw! fltufsjps! )wjej! qjubxf! 318*/! Bmj! j! qsj! obkcsjarjwjkfn! pebcjsv! ofnb! hbsbodjkb! eb! ~f! qsj! pqmpeopn! mfuv! nbujdb! eb! tf! pqmpej! tb! pebcsbojn! usvupwjnb/! Tupqspdfouob! hbsbodjkb! npaf! eb! cvef! tbnp! lpe! wf|ub•lph! ptfnfxbwbxb!nbujdb/! !

123


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !

Q•fmjxb!!!isbob! Q•fmjxb!!!isbob! !

Dwfupwj!!cjrblb!!j!!oflubs! Dwfupwj!!cjrblb!!j!!oflubs! ! 322/!_jnf!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsjwmb•f!jotfluf@ f!jotfluf@! 322/!_jnf!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsjwmb• f!jotfluf@! Dwfupwj! cjrblb! qsjwmb•f! jotfluf! cpkpn! lsvojdf! j! pcmjlpn! dfmf! cjrlf/! Obkkb•j! nbnbd! {b! jotfluf! pqsb|jwb•f! kf! njsjt!dwfub-!{b|ub!tv!{btmvaob!fufsj•ob!vrb!j{mv•fob!j{!xji! v! wsfnf! dwfubxb/! Mv•fxf! njsjtb! kf! ptopwoj! nfupe! {b! vtnfsbwbxf! mfufxb! q•fmb! qsfnb! afrfopk! oflubsopk! lvmuvsj-! qp{obup! lbp! esftjsbxf! q•fmb/! Bmj! obkqsjwmb•ojkj! {b! jotfluf! pqsb|jwb•f!tv!oflubs!j!qpmfopw!qsbi!lpe!cjrblb/! ! 323/!\ub!tv!oflubsjkf@! 323/!\ub!tv!oflubsjkf@ Oflubsjkf! tv! tqfdjkbmof! amf{ef! lpkf! mv•f! tmbebl! tpl! ob{wbo!oflubs/!Sbtqpsf}fof!tv!qswfotuwfop!v!dwfupwjnb!cjrblb! b! jnb! ji! j! v! {befcrbxjnb! mbujdb/! Lpe! oflji! dwfupwb! pof! tv! ofeptuvqof! {b! q•fmf! {bup! |up! tf! obmb{f! evcplp! v! lsvojdj/! Qpoflbe! {cph! uphb! q•fmf! qsphsj{bkv! usvcjdv! tb! tusbof! eb! cj! jtjtbmf!oflubs!lsp{!obqsfwrfoj!puwps/! ! 324/!Lpkj!lmjnbutlj!vtmpwj!vuj•v!ob!mv•fxf!oflubsb@ 324/!Lpkj!lmjnbutlj!vtmpwj!vuj•v!ob!mv•fxf!oflubsb@! j!vuj•v!ob!mv•fxf!oflubsb@ Ob! blujwop! mv•fxf! oflubsb! vuj•f! joufo{jufu! tvo•fwf! twfumptuj-! eofwob! j! op~ob! ufnqfsbuvsb! wb{evib-! wmbaoptu! wb{evib-! lpmj•job! qbebwjob-! eofwoj! tbuj-! kb•job! wfusb! j! obenpstlb!wjtjob/! ! 325/!Lpkb!kf!obkqpwprojkb!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!mv•fxf!oflubsb@ 325/!Lpkb!kf!obkqpwprojkb!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!mv•fxf!oflubsb@! !oflubsb@ Qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! 27! .! 36°T! mv•fxf! oflubsb! eptujaf! nbltjnvn/!Ufnqfsbuvsb!{bwjtj!pe!ptfurjwptuj!dwfupwb!cjrblb! ob! xv/! Mjqb! j! cbhsfn! j{jtlvkv! wjtplv! ufnqfsbuvsv! )plp! 37°T*-! epl! dwfupwj! nbmjof! {bqp•jxv! mv•fxf! oflubsb! j! lpe! 27°T/!

124


Dwfupwj! wj|xf! mv•f! oblubs! •bl! j! ob! 9°T/Lpe! wjtplji! ufnqfsbuvsb!j!ojtlf!sfmbujwof!wmbaoptuj!oflubs!tf!tv|j/! ! 326/!Lbeb!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsftubkv!eb!mv•f!oflubs@! 326/!Lbeb!dwfupwj!cjrblb!qsftubkv!eb!mv•f!oflubs@ Dwfupwj! cjrblb! qsftubkv! eb! mv•f! oflubs! qsf! twji! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb! b! jtup-! penbi! qp! xjipwpn! pqsb|jwbxv/! Mv•fxf! oflubsb! kf! v! ofqptsfeopk! wf{j! tb! njsjtpn! dwfub-! Qptmf! pqsb|jwbxb! dwfu! qsftubkf! eb! j{mv•vkf! njsjt! j! qp•jxf!eb!tf!tv|j/! ! 327/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! qpwf~b! lpmj•job! tbcsboph! oflubsb! pe! tusbof!q•fmb@! tusbof!q•fmb@! Cjsb! tf! pehpwbsbkv~b-! oflubspn! cphbub! lvmuvsb-! lpkb! tf! qpkb•bwb! }vcsfxfn-! qpwf~bwbkv~j! qspevlujwoptu! oflubsb! b! jtupwsfnfop!tb!ujn!tf!tfkf!qsbuf~b!lvmuvsb/!V!kftfo!efp!cjrblb! tf!ptubwrb!{b!tfnf/! ! 328/!Lpmjlp!wpef!tbesaj!oflubs@! 328/!Lpmjlp!wpef!tbesaj!oflubs@! Uf|lp! kf! ub•op! vuwsejuj! obknbxj! j! obkwf~j! qspdfobu! tbesabkb! wpef! v! oflubsv/!Up! of! {bwjtj! tbnp! pe! wstuf! cjrlf! op! qsf! twfhb! pe! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb! lpkj! qplb{vkv! obkwf~j! vujdbk! ob! tbesabk!wpef!v!oflubsv/!Ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!pesfej!ufnqfsbuvsb! wb{evib-!bunptgfstlj!qsujtbl-!wmbaoptu-!kb•job!wfusb-!wsfnf!v! tbujnb-!tvo•fwb!twfumptu-!wstub!pcmb•optuj!jue/!Qsj!qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! tbesabk! wpef!v! oflubsv! kf! plp! 61&-! op!pcj•op! wbsjsb! pe! 66! ep! 81&/! Blp! oflubs! tbesaj! wj|f! pe! 81&! wpef-! q•fmf! hb! of!tblvqrbkv/! ! 329/! Lblwb! usfcb! eb! kf! lpodfousbdjkb! oflubsb! eb! hb! q•fmf! sb{mjlvkv!pe!wpef@! sb{mjlvkv!pe!wpef@ Q•fmf! sb{mjlvkv! oflubs! pe! wpef! lbeb! po! tbesaj! obknbxf! :&! |f~fsb/! Lpe! nbxfh! tbesabkb! |f~fsb! pof! hb! tblvqrbkv! lbp! wpev/! [obkv~j! up! phmfeoj! q•fmbsj! tf! usvef-! qsj! qspmf~opn! qsjisbxjwbxv-!of!tbnp!eb!qpkf!q•fmf!ofhp!j!eb!ji!tujnvmj|v/!V!

125


upn!djrv!kf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!sbtuwpsj!obknbxf!2! lh-!|f~fsb!v!:! m/! wpef/! Ublwp! tujnvmjsbxf! nf}vujn! usfcb! eb! tf! qsjnfxvkf! tbnp! lbp! obnbnb! q•fmb! ob! wpev! j! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! poeb! lbeb! v! lp|ojdj!jnb!epwprob!lpmj•job!{buwpsfoph!nfeb/! ! 32:/! Lpmjlv! lpmj•jov! wpef! uscb! eb! petusbof! q•fmf! j{! epofuph! oflubsb@! oflubsb@ Lpmj•job! wpef! lpkb! usfcb! eb! tf! petusboj! {bwjtj! pe! qspdfoub! xfof! tbesajof! v! oflubsv/! Blp! oflubs! tbesaj! 61&! wpef-! pe! xf! q•fmf! usfcb! eb! jtqbsf! 41&! )wjej! qjubxf! 331*/! Up! {ob•j!eb!pe!kfeoph!mjusb!epofuph!oflubsb!ptubkf!tbnp!81&!nfeb/! Ufajotlj! j{sbafop! up! kf! 1-:9! pe! 2! lh/! oflubsb-! lpkj! jnb! 61&! tbesajof!wpef/!Tqfdjgj•ob!ufajob!nv!kf!2-39!lh0en!lvcopn/!! ! 331/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!epoftfoj!oflubs@! 331/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!epoftfoj!oflubs@ Qptmf! epop|fxb! oflubsb! v! nfeopn! nfivsv-! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb!hb!qsfebkf!nmbejn!q•fmbnb!sbejmjdbnb-!lpkji!kf!5!–.!6-! b!pof!hb!ob!twpk!ob•jo!qpnp~v!tvsmjdf-!twblb!qsfebkf!esvhjn!9!.! 21!nmbeji!q•fmb/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo-!oflubs!epofu!pe!kfeof!j{mfuojdf-! qpefmj! tf! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! j{nf}v! 61! q•fmb! sbejmjdb/! Twblb! pe! xji! wsb~b! )j{cbdvkf*! oflubs! j{! nfeoph! nfivsb! v! qsptups! j{nf}v! tvsmjdf! j! epxfh! efmb! hmbwf! j! lbeb! tf! nfeoj! nfivs!jtqsb{oj!qpopwp!wsb~bkv!oflubs!v!xfhb/!Qsj!j{cbdjwbxv!j! vqjkbxv!oflubsb!po!tf!nf|b!tb!tflsfupn!j{mv•fojn!j{!aesfmof! amf{ef!q•fmf!)wjej!qjubxf!248*!j!up!tf!qpobwrb!epl!tf!oflubs! of! {hvtof! ep! plp! 81&/! [bup! |up! ublp! hvtub! nbtb! nophp! uf|lp! npaf! eb! qsp}f! lsp{! uftbo! lbqjmbs! tvsmjdf-! q•fmb! ebrf! {hv|xbwb!oflubs!tlmbej|ufo!v!~fmjkf-!nfiboj•lj-!joufo{jwojn! qspwfusbwbxfn! qsptupsb! j{nf}v! tb~b/! Lbeb! {hv|xbwbxf! eptujhof! 89! .–! 91&! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! {buwbsbkv! ~fmjkf! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo!nfe-!lpkj!kf!kblp!ijhsptlpqbo-!of!vqjkb!wmbhv!j{!wb{evib/! ! 332/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!q•fmf!{hvtov!oflubs!ep!hvtujof!nfeb@! 332/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!q•fmf!{hvtov!oflubs!ep!hvtujof!nfeb@

126


Wsfnf! {b! {hv|xbwbxf! oflubsb! {bwjtj! pe! ufnqfsbuvsf! wb{evib-! peoptb! wmbaoptuj! j! kb•jof! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Qp! qpebdjnb!Twpcpef-!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!oflubs!ep!hvtujof!nfeb!{b! 219!•btpwb!uk/!{b!5-6!sbeoji!ebob/!V!kbljn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb! qp! upqmpn! j! eptub! tvwpn! wsfnfov! qspdft! {hv|xbwbxb! qspuj•f! {bobuop! csaf/! Oqs/! v! qfsjpev! pcjmof! qb|f-! ublwp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! npaf! {b! usj! ebob-! of! tbnp! eb! obqvoj! tb! oflubspn! )peoptop! nfepn*! qptubwrfof! obtubwlf! ofhp! j! eb! qp•of! eb! {buwbsb! ~fmjkf/! Fup! {b|up! tf! qsfqpsv•vkf! lpe! kblji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! eb! tf! qptubwrb! wj|f! qsb{oph! tb~b! eb! nphv! q•fmf! eb! sbtqpsfef!oflubs!v!|up!kf!nphv~f!wf~j!cspk!~fmjkb/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo! q•fmbs!~f!tqbtuj!nophp!fofshjkf!q•fmb!j!vcs{buj!qspdft!{sfxb!j! {buwbsbxb!nfeb/! ! 333/!Lbeb!npaf!eb!{bqp•of!dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb@! 333/!Lbeb!npaf!eb!{bqp•of!dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb@! Dfousjgvhjsbxf! npaf! eb! {bqp•of-! blp! vebsjnp! sbn! tb! qvojn!~fmjkbnb-!lpkj!kf! qptubwrfo!v!ipsj{poubmbo!qpmpabk-!nfe! of! jtuj•f! j{! xfhb! •bl! j! blp! ~fmjkf! ojtv! {buwpsfof/! Uwsexb! eb! nfe! npaf! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! tbnp! j{! sbnpwb! v! lpkjnb! kf! qpmpwjob!~fmjkb!{buwpsfob-!kf!ofqsbwjmob/!Lpe!tmbcf!qb|f!•bl!j! {sfmj!nfe!ojkf!vwfl!{buwpsfo/!Qpoflbe!kf!nphv~f!eb!kf!kfebo!efp! tb~b! qpqvxfo! tb! {sfmjn! nfepn! b! ptubmj! tb! of{sfmjn! )lbeb! kf! qb|b!cjmb!qsfljovub!{b!j{wftop!wsfnf*/!Blp!tf!q•fmbs!svlpwpej! ujn! ofqsbwjmojn! tbwfupn-! po! ~f! j{! qpmb! sbnb! j{wbejuj! of{sfp! nfe/!Fup!{b|up!kf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!hvtujob!nfeb-!v!of{buwpsfojn! ~fmjkbnb-!qspwfsj!vwfl!ob!qplb{boj!ob•jo/! ! 334/! Lblbw! kf! {ob•bk! vtnfsbwbxb! q•fmb! lb! pesf}fopk! pesf}fopk! wstuj! nfepoptoph!cjrb@! nfepoptoph!cjrb@! V! qfsjpev! hmbwof! qb|f! q•fmf! of! qsfmf~v! pe! kfeoji! dwfupwb! esvhjnb! j! pcj•op! tblvqrbkv! oflubs! tb! kfeof! wstuf! cjrblb! epl! ji! lpmj•job! j! hvtujob! tmbulph! tplb! {bepwprbwb/! Jtipe! uphb! •jojpdb! kf! eb! kf! Ebswjo! )291:! .! 2993*! sflbp! eb! tv! q•fmf!obkcprj!cpuboj•bsj!ob!{fnrj/!

127


! 335/!Lblbw!kf!epqsjopt!Hvcjob!q•fmbstuwv@! 335/!Lblbw!kf!epqsjopt!Hvcjob!q•fmbstuwv@ Twfutlj! obv•ojl! B/G/! Hvcjo! kf! sb{sbejp! nfupe! vtnfsbwbxb! mfub! q•fmb! lb! pesf}fojn! lvmuvsbnb! lpkf! ebkv! oflubs! tb! djrfn! xjipwph! pqsb|jwbxb/! Up! sfhvmjtbxf! mfufxb! kf!qp{obupqpe!jnfopn!esftjsbxf!q•fmb/! ! 336/!Lpmjlp!ebmflp!mfuf!q•fmf!{b!qb|pn@! 336/!Lpmjlp!ebmflp!mfuf!q•fmf!{b!qb|pn@! Ep! lpkji! cjrblb! mfuf! q•fmf! {b! tblvqrbxf! oflubsb! j! qpmfob!{bwjtj!pe!lpogjhvsbdjkf!ufsfob!j!pcjrb!qb|f/!Vlpmjlp! kf!wfsujlbmop!sb{v}fo!ufsfo!vupmjlp!tf!tlsb~vkf!mfu!q•fmb/!Lpe! pcjmof! cbhsfnpwf! qb|f! pof! nphv! eb! tf! vebrf! pe! q•fmjxblb! oflpmjlp! tupujob! nfubsb/! Lbeb! kf! ufsfo! sbwbo-! lbeb! v! cmj{joj! qsftubkf! j{wps! pcjmof! qb|f-! q•fmf! nphv! eb! qsfmfuf! j! wj|f! pe! 4ln/! Tb! tubopwj|ub! flpopnj•optuj! obkfgjlbtojkj! tv! mfupwj! ep! 2!ln/!sbtupkbxb/!! ! 337/!Npaf!mj!qsbwbd!wfusb!eb!cvef!v{spl!tnbxfxb!qb|f!•bl!j! 337/!Npaf!mj!qsbwbd!wfusb! eb!cvef!v{spl!tnbxfxb!qb|f!•bl!j! lpe!qsjtvtuwb!{ob•bkof!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!v!cjrlbnb@! lpe!qsjtvtuwb!{ob•bkof!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!v!cjrlbnb@ Qsbwbd! wfusb! kf! kfebo! pe! gblupsb! lpkj! qplb{vkf! wsmp! kbl! vujdbk! ob! tblvqrfof! lpmj•jof! qpmfob! j! oflubsb/! Epcsp! kf! lbeb! lb! j{wpsv! qb|f! q•fmf! mfuf! qsfnb! wfusv! b! qsj! qpwsbulv-!! obupwbsfof-! ! ob{be! lb! q•fmjxblv-! v! qsbwdv! wfusb/! Obkcprf! kf! lp|ojdf!eb!tf!qptubwf!v!tsfejov!dwfubkv~f!lvmuvsf-!poeb!q•fmf! tbnf!cjsbkv!qsbwbd!mfufxb/!Pe!ewb!q•fmjxblb-!tb!kfeoblp!kbljn! q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb-!sbtqpsf}fojn!ob!kfeopn!jtupn!sfpov-!bmj! ob!sbtupkbxv!oflpmjlp!tupujob!nfubsb!kfebo!pe!esvhph-!npaf!eb! tf! epcjkf! sb{mj•jub! lpmj•job! nfeb-! |up! kf! {btmvhb! sb{mjlf! v! peoptv!ob!qsbwbd!wfusb/! ! 338/!Lpmjlp!qvub!hpej|xf!cjrlf!tuwbsbkv!oflubs@! 338/!Lpmjlp!qvub!hpej|xf!cjrlf!tuwbsbkv!oflubs@ Cjrlf!lpkf!tv!v!ebupk!hpejoj!tqsf•fof!eb!ebkv!oflubs!lbeb! qspdwfubkv-! of~f! hb! qspj{wpejuj! qpopwp/! Up! {ob•j! blp! kf! q•fmjxbl! qptubwrfo! cmj{v! nfepoptoph! cjrb! lpkf! qsftubof! eb!

128


mv•j! oflubs! {cph! mp|ji! wsfnfotlji! vtmpwb-! q•fmjxbl! usfcb! qsfnftujuj!lpe!esvhph!j{wpsb!oflubsb/!J{v{jnbkv!tf!cjrlf!lpkf! dwfubkv!ewb!qvub!hpej|xf!)obqsjnfs!efufmjob*! ! 339/! Lpmjlp! iflubsb! |vntlf! qpws|jof! kf! ofpqipeop! {b! kfeop! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@ V! ofljn! |vntljn! lpnqmfltjnb! ob! 2! ln/! lwbesbuopn! of! obmb{j!tf!oj! kfeop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!epl!ob!esvhjn!nftujnb!ob! kfeopk! qpws|joj! cspk! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! eptujaf! 21! j! wj|f/! Qsf! twfhb! up! {bwjtj! pe! wstuf! j! v{sbtub! dwfubkv~f! lvmuvsf-! tbtubwb! {fnrj|ub! j! obenpstlf! wjtjof/! [b! kfeop! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!ofpqipeop!kf!plp!21!ib!|vntlf!qpws|jof/! ! 33:/!Ep!lpmjlp!dwfupwb!usfcb!eb!epmfuj!q•fmb!eb!cj!qspj{wfmb! 2lh/!nfeb@! 2lh/!nfeb@ [ob!tf!eb!kf!{bqsfnjob!nfeoph!nfivsb!q•fmf!71!nn/!lvcoji-! qp{obub! kf! j! lpmj•job! |f~fsb! j{mv•fob! j{! kfeoph! dwfub! {b! 35! tbub! )wjej! ubcfmv! 4*! lbp! j! tbesabk! wpef! v! oflubsv/! Qsfnb! upnf! npaf!qsjcmjaop!eb!tf!vuwsej!cspk!q•fmb!lpkf!usfcb!eb!v•ftuwvkv! v!tblvqrbxv!ublwf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!pe!lphb!~f!qspj{wftuj!2lh/! nfeb!)epofuj!oflubs!kp|!ojkf!nfe!{bup!|up!tbesaj!wj|f!pe!33&! wpef*/!Eb!cj!qspj{wfmf!2lh/!nfeb!q•fmf!usfcb!eb!″qptfuf″!plp!6! njmjpob!dwfupwb/![blrv•bl!kf!eb!tv!pof!obkcprj!pqsb|jwb•j/! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! 129


Ubcfmb!4! Ubcfmb!4! Lpmj•job! |f~fsb! j{mv•fob! {b! 35! •btb! pe! sb{oji! nfepoptoji!cjrblb;! Tbesabk!|f~fsb! J{mv•foblpmj•job! Nfepoptob!cjrlb! v!&! |f~fsb!v!nh/! Cfmj!cbhsfn!! 66! 2-11! Wj|xb!! 33! 5-31! Efufmjob!! 51! 1-15! Ifreb!! 54! 1-:1! Ftqbs{fub!! 56! 1-35! [wf{ebo!! 51! 1-19! Lvqjob!! 5:! 2-:1! Ejwrj!lftufo! ! 7:! 2-21! Lsv|lb!! 27! 1-41! Mjqb!lsvqopmjtob!! 43! 1-91! Mjqb!tjuopmjtob!! 46! 1-71! Mjqb!tsfcsopmjtob!! 37! 1-81! Mvdfslb!! 44! 1-18! Nbmjob!! 57! 8-71! Cfmb!sbeb!! 34! 3-11! Nsuwb!lpqsjwb!! 53! 1-91! Csftlwb!! 49! 2-91! Psjhbob!! 87! 1-15! Svab!! 49! 1-61! \rjwb!! 26! 1-61! Tvodplsfu!! 48! 1-31! Dswfob!efufmjob!! 34! 1-19! Usf|xb!! 32! 1-61! Kbcvlb!! 35! 1-81! Cfmj!mvl!! 59! 1-21! Qbtvr!! 48! 3-:1! Qprtlb!hpsv|jdb! ! 46! 1-17! Sb{mj•bl!! 45! 1-31!

130


341/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!cfmph!cbhsfnb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! 341/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!cfmph!cbhsfnb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@ V! pcmbtujnb! tb! lpoujofoubmopn! lmjnpn! cfmj! cbhsfn! tf! tnbusb! {b! kfeov! pe! ptopwoji! nfepoptoji! cjrblb/! Qp•jxf! eb! dwfub!qfuf!.–! |ftuf!hpejof!b!ewbeftfuphpej|xf!eswp!kf!pemj•bo! j{wps! oflubsb/! Obkwf~b! lpmj•job! oflubsb! mv•j! tf! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!31°T/!Qsj!ujipn!wsfnfov-!cf{!wfusb!j!qpwj|fopk! wmbaoptuj! wb{evib-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! npaf! eb! qspj{wfef! eofwop! j! j! 21! lh/! nfeb/! _jtu! cbhsfnpw! nfe! kf! qsp{sb•bo! j! cf{cpkbo/! Dwfub! v! nbkv! j! pcf{cf}vkf! qswplmbtov! qb|v! {b! epcjkbxf! wjtplplwbmjufuoph! nfeb/! Cbhsfnpwj! {btbej! tv! ptfurjwj! ob! imbeop~v! j! {cph! uphb! tf! v! Nb}bstlpk! {bejnrvkv! qsfe! {bimb}fxf/! Ublp! tf! tnbxvkf! ofhbujwbo! vujdbk! ojtlji! ufnqfsbuvsb!ob!xji/! ! 342/!Lpkf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!tbesaf!dwfupwj!nbmjof@! 342/!Lpkf!lpmj•jof!oflubsb!tbesaf!dwfupwj!nbmjof@ Kfebo! dwfu! nbmjof! j{mv•j! {b! 35! tbub! 36! nh/! oflubsb! tb! lpodfousbdjkpn! |f~fsb! 41! .! 71! &! b! qpoflbe! j! wj|f! pe! 81&/! Nbmjob!kf!kfeob!pe!obknfepoptojkji!cjrblb/![b!vqpsf}fxf-!kfebo! dwfu!lvqjof!j{mv•j!tbnp!5!nh/!oflubsb!tb!tbesabkfn!|f~fsb!pe! 5:&/! Ptjn! {b! oflubs-! q•fmf! ″qptf~vkv″! uf! ewf! cjrlf! j! {b! tblvqrbxf!qpmfob/! ! 343/\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!gbdfmjkj@! 343/\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!gbdfmjkj@! Gbdfmjkb!kf!kfeob!pe!obknfepoptojkji!cjrblb!tb!lpkf!q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! lblp! oflubs! ublp! j! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! dwfuoph! qsbib/! Pob! nf}vujn! ojkf! stqsptusbxfob! v! tfptljn! hb{ejotuwjnb! {bup! |up!tf!tubcmb!cs{p!{eswfof!j!ojtv!vlvtob/! ! 344/!Eb!mj!kf!mbwboevmb!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! 344/!Eb!mj!kf!mbwboevmb!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! Mbwboevmb! kf! pemj•ob! nfepoptob! cjrlb-! lpkb! ebkf! epcsv! qb|v! {b! q•fmf/! V! kvaopk! Gsbodvtlpk! j! Cvhbstlpk! tf! hbkj! ob! wfmjljn! qpws|jobnb! {cph! wjtplph! tbesabkb! dfxfoji! njsjtoji! nbufsjkb! lpkf! tf! lpsjtuf! v! qspj{wpexj! lp{nfuj•lji! tsfetubwb/! V!Tmpwb•lpk!tf!hbkj!ob!nbmjn!qpws|jobnb!lbp!mflpwjub!cjrlb’!

131


! 345/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ejwrfn!lftufov@!! 345/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ejwrfn!lftufov@ Lpxtlj!)ejwrj*!lftufo!ofnb!qptfcbo!{ob•bk!{b!q•fmbstuwp! {bup!|up!mv•j!nbmv!lpmj•jov!oflubsb/!Pwb!cjrlb!kf!kfejotuwfo! j{wps! qpmfob! v! qfsjpev! qsfe! dwfubxf! cbhsfnb/! Qpmfo! nv! kf! ubnop!dswfof!cpkf/!! ! 346/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qjupnpn!lftufov@! 346/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qjupnpn!lftufov@ Qjupnj! lftufo! kf! nfepoptob! cjrlb! pe! lpkf! q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! oflubsb! j! qpmfob/! V! \wbkdbstlpk-Ofnb•lpk! j! Kvhptmbwjkj! xfhb! jnb! v! |jspljn! {btbejnb!lpkj!tv!pemj•bo!j{wps!qb|f/!V!Tmpwb•lpk!tf!tsf~v!tbnp! qpkfejob•ob!tubcmb/!Nfe!pe!qjupnph!lftufob!kf!wsmp!dfxfo!{bup! |up! tbesaj! ftlvmjo! j! ftlvmfujo! .! –! nbufsjkf! tb! mflpwjujn! efktuwpn!lpkji!ofnb!v!esvhjn!wstubnb!nfeb/!! ! 347/!Lblwf!lpmj•jof!nfeb!tbesaf!dwfupwj!ftqbs{fuf@! 347/!Lblwf!lpmj•jof!nfeb!tbesaf!dwfupwj!ftqbs{fuf@ Cf{! }vcsfxb-! 211! dwfupwb! ftqbs{fuf! j{mv•f! 7-:! nh/! oflubsb-! b! lpe! epcsph! }vcsfxb! ep! 23-6! nh/! Ob! 2! ib! qpws|jof! {btfkbof! ftqbs{fupn-! eofwop! tf! puwpsj! plp! 6! njmjpob! dwfupwb/! Cjrlf!dwfubkv!v!usbkbxv!pe!kfeoph!nftfdb/!Qpkfejob•of!dwfupwf! q•fmf!nphv!eb!″qptfuf″!ep!31!qvub-!bmj!qptmf!9/!″qptfuf″!j!ebrf! of!vp•bwb!tf!pqsb|jwbxf/! ! 348/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!wv•jlj@! 348/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!wv•jlj@! Pe! wv•jlf! q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! tbnp! qpmfo-! {bup! |up! tv! lpe! nbivobtuji!cjrblb!j!eftfupqsb|ojdb!dwfupwj!tsbtmj!v!usvcjdf! j! oflubsjkf! v! xjnb! tv! ofeptuvqof/! Pe! esvhji! wstub! nbivobtuji! cjrblb! lpe! lpkji! tv! tbnp! :! qsb|ojlb! tsbtmj! b! 21/! kf! tmpcpebo-! q•fmf!nphv!eb!tblvqrbkv!oflubs/!! ! 349/!Eb!mj!kf!hsb|bl!nfepoptob!cjrlb@ 349/!Eb!mj!kf!hsb|bl!nfepoptob!cjrlb@! bl!nfepoptob!cjrlb@ Pcj•op! tv! nbivobtuf! cjrlf! nfepoptof-! bmj! j{mv•foj! oflubs! v! dwfupwjnb! hsb|lb! tf! obmb{j! nophp! evcplp! j! q•fmf! of!

132


nphv! eb! hb! epiwbuf/! Fup! {b|up! dwfuof! qpws|jof! uf! qpwsubstlf! lvmuvsf!ofnbkv!{ob•bkb!{b!q•fmbstuwp/!! ! 34:/!Lbeb!q•fmf!″ 34:/!Lbeb!q•fmf!″qptf~vkv!″ qptf~vkv! ″!sba!j!esvhf!ajubsjdf@! !sba!j!esvhf!ajubsjdf@ Sb{mph!{b!qptfuv!sbaj!j!eshji!ajubsjdb!pe!tusbof!q•fmb!-! kf! puspwob! qbsb{juob! hrjwb! ! Dmbwjdfqt! qvsqvsfmb-! lpkb! sbtuf! ob! lmbtpwjnb! sbaj! v! wjev! sp|•j~b! tb! ubnop! rvcj•btupn! ep! dsof! cpkf!qsfnb!•fnv!kf!j!epcjmb!jnf/!V!qspmf~f!tqpsf!j{!pwf!hrjwf! qbeov! ob! sbaboj! lmbt! j! v! xfnv! qp•jxf! eb! tf! tuwbsb! tmbulb! uf•optu! ob{wbob! nferjlb/! V! qp•fulv! tv! up! tbnp! nbmf! lbqrjdf! lpkf! tf! qptufqfop! vwf~bwbkv! j! qp•jxv! eb! uflv! qp! lmbtv/! V! nftujnb!hef!tf!rvcj•btuj!sp|•j~!ofhvkf!v!gbsnbdfvutlpn!djrv-! pcsb{vkv! tf! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! tmbulf! uf•optuj! eb! q•fmf! nphv! eb! qspj{wfev!nfe!tbnp!pe!xf!u{w/!nferjlv/! ! 351/!Lpmjlp!dwfuj~b!jnb!v!tvodplsfupwpn!dwfuv!j!lpkb!lpmj•job! oflubsb!tf!mv•j!j{!xfhb@! oflubsb!tf!mv•j!j{!xfhb@! V! tvodplsfupwpn! dwfuv! jnb! plp! 2/611! dwfuj~b-! lpkj! tf! sbtdwfubwbkv! qptufqfop! pe! tqprb|xf! tusbof! qsfnb! dfousv/! Dwfubxf!twblph!pe!xji!usbkf!ewb!ebob/!Qswph!ebob!v{sfwbkv!tbnp! qsb|ojlpwf! lftjdf! b! kf{j•bl! kf! v! tubxv! eb! qsjnj! qsb|ojlf! esvhj! ebo/! Blp! of! obtuvqj! pqmp}fxf-! dwfubxf! npaf! eb! tf! qspevaj! {b! ewf! tfenjdf/! Qsj! qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! tb! 2! ib/! tvodplsfub! q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! qsjcmjaop! 86! lh/! oflubsb/! [ob•bk! pwf! nfepoptof! lvmuvsf! {b! q•fmbstuwp! tf! tbtupkj! v! upnf! |up! dwfub-!v!qfsjpev!lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv! sf{fswf!{b!{jnv!j!jnbkv! qpusfcv! {b! twjn! qpmfopn! j! oflubspn/! Lsbkxj! dwfuj~j! tvodplsfub!tbesaf!1-34:!nh/!tsfexj!1-253!nh/!b!vovusb|xj!1-1:6! nh/!oflubsb/! ! 352/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!•j•plf!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! 352/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!•j•plf!{b!q•fmbstuwp@ [fnob! kbcvlb-! •j•plb! jmj! upqjobncvs! kf! lsupmbtub! cjrlb! •jkf! tv! mpqujdf! tmj•of! lspnqjsv! j! kfev! tf! v! tjspwpn! tubxv/! Tbej!tf!v!|vnj!{b!qsjisbov!ejwrb•j/!Tubcmp!eptujaf!wjtjov!3!

133


n/! b! wsipwj! tv! nv! qplsjwfoj! tjuojn! cfmjn! dwfupwjnb! ob! lpkf! q•fmf!sbep!tmf~v-!{bup!|up!tf!v!xjnb!pcsb{vkf!qpmfo!j!oflubs!v! qfsjpev!lbeb!tv!poj!obkqpusfcojkj-!v!bwhvtuv!j!tfqufncsv/! ! 353/!Lblwb!kf!nfepoptoptu!mjwbef@! 353/!Lblwb!kf!nfepoptoptu!mjwbef@! Nfepoptoptu! mjwbef! {bwjtj! pe! peoptb! qplsjwfoptuj! usbwpn! j! ! ! ! ! nbivobslbnb! lpkf! sbtuv! ob! xjnb/! Ob! tubmojn! mjwbebnb! •jkf! usbwf! tbesaf! wj|f! pe! 26&! efufmjof-! pwbk! qplb{bufr! wbsjsb! pe! 9! .–! 31! lh/! nfeb! tb! 2! ib/! b! tb! qpwsfnfoji! mjwbeb!tb!46!.!61&!efufmjof!31!.!41!lh/! ! 354/!Lpkf!wstuf!eswf~b!pcsb{vkv!qpmfo!j!oflubs!v!sbop!qspmf~f@ 354/!Lpkf!wstuf!eswf~b!pcsb{vkv!qpmfo!j!oflubs!v!sbop!qspmf~f@! b!pcsb{vkv!qpmfo!j!oflubs!v!sbop!qspmf~f@ V! sbop! qspmf~f! obkwf~f! lpmj•jof! qpmfob! j! oflubsb! pcsb{vkf! wscb! wstuf! sbljub/! Mftlb! j! kpwb! ebkv! tbnp! qpmfo! lpkj! q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!v!wsfnf!dwfubxb-!tbnp!qsj!qpwpropn!wsfnfov/! Pcjmop! tuwbsbxf! qpmfob! lpe! sbljuf! ebkf! nphv~optu! {b! joufo{jwov! ofhv! mfhmb! v! qfsjpev! lbeb! kf! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! qptfcop! ofpqipebo! {b! sbdjpobmop! jtlpsj|~bwbxf! cbhsfnpwf!qb|f-!sfqjdf-!mjqf-!ftqbs{fuf!j!es/)wjej!qjubxf!341-! 347*/!! ! 355/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!wp~oji!lvmuvsb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! 355/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!wp~oji!lvmuvsb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! Pdfof! mv•fxb! oflubsb! j! qpmfob! pe! oflji! wp~oji! lvmuvsb! ebuf! tv! v! ubcfmj! 5/! Qsfnb! qspwfefojn! jtqjujwbxjnb! nfepoptoptu! oflji! wp~oji! lvmuvsb! tb! 2! ib/! kf! tmfef~b;! wj|xb! 65-26! lh-! ufs|xb! 25-54! lh-! |rjwb! 29-81! lh-! lsv|lb! p-86! lh/! Nfe! epcjkfo! tb! wp~blb! kf! twfump! avuf! ep! twfump! lbgfof! cpkf! j! lbsblufsj|f!hb!wj|bl!tbesabkb!gsvlup{f/!Jnb!gjoj!njsjt!lpkj! kf!pesf}fo!fufsj•ojn!vrjnb/! ! !

134


Ubcfmb!5! Ubcfmb!5! !!!!! Lpmj•job! oflubsb! j! qpmfob-! j{mv•fob! lpe! oflji! wp~blb! )qp! Kblpcv!2:75/*;! ````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````! Wp~lb! Oflubs! Qpmfo! ! ! ! Wj|xb! 4! 3! Lbktjkb! 2! 4! Lsv|lb! 3! 4! Nbmjob! 5! 4! Ofnb•lp!hspa}f! 5! 3! Sjcj{mb!dsob!)dbsjhsbetlp!hspa}f*! 4! 2! \rjwb! 4! 3! Usf|xb! 4! 3! Kbcvlb! 4! 5! ````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````! Obqpnfob;!cspk!pe!2!ep!5!p{ob•bwb!lpmj•jov!j{mv•foph!oflubsb!j! Obqpnfob; qpmfob!)2!.–!nbmp-!3!.–!tsfexf-!4!.–!nophp-!5!.!wsmp!nophp*/! ! 356/!Ebkf!mj!nferjlv!kfmb!″ 356/!Ebkf!mj!nferjlv!kfmb!″Ebhmbt″ Ebhmbt″@! Kfmb! Ebhmbt! ojkf! lbp! pcj•ob! kfmb! ofhp! kf! tb! tjuojn! jhmjdbnb/! Epnpwjob! kpk! kf! Tfwfsob! Bnfsjlb/! V! qptmfexf! wsfnf! pwp! eswp! tf! hbkj! v! Tmpwb•lpk! ob! wfmjljn! qpws|jobnb/! Lpe! q•fmbsb! qptupkj! nj|rfxf! eb! eswf~f! qsfofup! tb! esvhji! lpoujofobub!j!blmjnbuj{pwbop!v!Fwspqj-!of!mv•j!nferjlv!{bup! |up! ofnb! mjtoji! wb|j! lpkf! qpnbav! xfop! mv•fxf! )wjej! qjubxf! 361*/! V! tfwfsojn! pcmbtujnb! Tmpwb•lf-! nf}vujn! v! 2:71! hpe/! {bqbafop! kf! mv•fxf! wfmjlji! lpmj•job! nferjlf! ob! kfmbnb! Ebhmbt/![bup!|up!tf!ubk!qspcmfn!uj•f!twji!q•fmbsb-!ofpqipeop!kf! eb! tf! vuwsej! lpkb! wstub! mjtoji! wb|j! jnb! {ob•bkb! {b! tuwbsbxf! nferjlf!j!lpkf!wstuf!nsbwb!qptf~vkv!!pwv!wstuv!eswfub/!! ! 357/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nbuj•xbl!v!q•fmbstuwv@ 357/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nbuj•xbl!v!q•fmbstuwv@! f!lpsjtuj!nbuj•xbl!v!q•fmbstuwv@

135


Nbuj•xbl! kf! vtopdwfuob! cjrlb/! Hbkj! tf! lbp! mflpwjub! j! nfepoptob! lvmuvsb/! Pe! nbuj•xblb! tf! qspj{wpef! fufsj•ob! vrb! •jkf!qsjwmb•op!efktuwp!ob!q•fmf!kf!pebwop!qp{obup/![bup!tf!pwb! cjrlb!lpsjtuj!{b!tqsf•bwbxf!cpscf!nf}v!q•fmbnb!qsj!tqbkbxv! ewb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! v! kfeop! kblp! b! jtup! j! qsj! qpkb•bwbxv! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! qsjmjlpn! vop|fxb! v! lp|ojdf! tb~b! j{! esvhji! esv|ubwb/! Tmj•op! efktuwp! qplb{vkf! j! tubcmp! pcj•oph! ufusrlb/!! ! 358/!Lpkf!cjrlf!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf!v!qfsjpev!dwfubxb@! 358/!Lpkf!cjrlf!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf!v!qfsjpev!dwfubxb@! V!qfsjpev!dwfubxb!{b!q•fmf!tv!pqbtof;! 2/!Cjrlf!•jkj!dwfupwj!nphv!eb!cvev!lmpqlb!{b!q•fmf/!Ublp! tf! peoptj! psjkfoubmoj! j! cb|ufotlj! nbl-! {fwbmjdb! j! twf~jdb/! Q•fmf! ptubkv! {buwpsfof! v! xjipwjn! dwfupwjnb! vwf•f! j! uv! vhjov! pe!imbeop~f-!hmbej!jmj!pqjkfof!pe!j{mv•foph!njsjtb/!Dwbtu!lpe! tsfcsopmjtof!mjqf!efktuwvkf!pqjkbkv~f!j!{bup!v!qfsjpev!dwfubxb! qpe! ujn! eswfupn! •ftup! npaf! eb! tf! wjej! nop|uwp! pqjkfoji! q•fmb/! Qptmf! qsfdwfubwbxb! •b|jdb! j! lsvojdb! cjrlf! ptubkv! eb! wjtf! ob! uboljn! wmblojnb-! tmj•op! qbv•joj-! v! lpkf! tf! q•fmf! {bqmj~v! qsjmjlpn! mfufxb/! [cph! uphb! dwfupwf! ob! upn! eswfuv! usfcb!qpqstlbuj!wpepn!eb!cj!pqbmf!lsvojdf!tb!wmblojnb/! 3/! Cjrlf! lpkf! qspv{splvkv! tmbcrfxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! qptmf! tblvqrbxb! nferjlf! tb! xji/! Up! tv! ifreb-! wsftbl! j! es/! Qsj! tblvqrbxv! nferjlf! pshboj{bn! q•fmf! tf! qsfupwbsb! tb! oftwbsrjwjn! ptubdjnb! j! jotfluj! nphv! eb! vhjov! b! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb!eb!ptmbcf/! 4/!Cjrlf!lpkf!mv•f!puspwof!tplpwf-)puspwop!cjrf-!kftfxj! |bgsbo-! avuj! obqstubl! )cvskbo*-! lpkf! tbesaf! puspwov! nbufsjkv! bofnpm!lpkb!j{b{jwb!uspwbxf*/! 5/! Cjrlf! •jkj! dwfupwj! jnbkv! lvljdf-! cperf! jmj! j{mv•vkv! mfqrjwf!nbufsjkf!lpkf!qpwsf}vkv!lsjmb!q•fmf/!Ublp!tf!qpob|bkv! sb{mj•bl-!qbmbnjeb!j!nbhbsf~b!cpdb/! !

136


359/! Eb! mj! kf! puspwbo! {b! q•fmf! njsjt! lpkj! mv•j! tsfcsopmjtob! mjqb@!! mjqb@ Pqpkoj!njsjt!dwfupwb!tsfcsopmjtof!mjqf!ws|j!ofqpwprop! efktuwp!ob!q•fmf/!V!dfousbmojn!efmpwjnb!Ofnb•lf!vp•fop!kf!•bl! vhjxbwbxf! q•fmb! qpe! sbtdwfubmjn! mjqbnb-! epl! v! tfwfsojn! sfpojnb! {fnrf! ublwb! qpkbwb! ojkf! sfhjtuspwbob/! Qptmf! pwphb! npaf! eb! tf! j{wv•f! {blrv•bl! eb! upltj•op! efktuwp! njsjtb! j{mv•foph! j{! dwfupwb! tsfcsopmjtof! mjqf! j! lmjnf! qptupkj! pesf}fob! {bwjtoptu/! Vp•fop! kf! tvqspuop! efktuwp! ob! ujn! dwfupwjnb!v!kfeopn!mjqpwpn!{btbev!cmj{v!hsbeb!Ajmjob/!Q•fmf! qbmf! qpe! eswp-! ebwbmf! tv! vujtbl! eb! tv! vhjovmf-! bmj! qptmf! oflpmjlp!njovub!cj!pemfufmf/! ! !

Nferjlb! Nferjlb! ! 35:/!\ub!kf!nferjlb@! 35:/!\ub!kf!nferjlb@! Nferjlb!kf!hvtu!tmbebl!tpl!lpkj!mv•f!qsbwplsjmj!jotfluj-! lbp!|up!tv!mjtof!j!|ujubtuf!wb|j!qbsb{jujsbkv~j!ob!mjtupwjnb! |jsplpmjtoph!j!ob!hsbo•jdbnb!jhmj•btuph!eswf~b/! ! 361/!Lblp!tf!tuwbsb!nferjlb@! 361/!Lblp!tf!tuwbsb!nferjlb@! Tb! p|usjn! vtjtbwbkv~jn! vtojn! bqbsbupn-! mjtof! j! |ujubtuf! wb|j-! qspcjkbkv! mjlv! j! uljwp! cjrlf! j! jtjtbwbkv! jn! tplpwf/!Uj!tplpwp!ep}v!v!gjmusbdjpov!lpnpsv! lpe!wb|j-!hef!tf! j{! xji! pewpkf! cfmbo•fwjof! j! nbmb! lpmj•job! vhrfoji! ijesbub/! Vhrfoj! ijesbuj! qspmb{f! lsp{! {je! lpnpsf! v! pshbov! {b! wbsfxf! lpe!jotflub!j!lbe!qsp}v!lsp{!xfhb-!wfmjlj!efp!xji!tf!j{mv•vkf! wbo! qsflp! bobmoph! puwpsb! v! pcmjlv! nferjlf! lpkv! q•fmf! jtlpsj|~bwbkv!{b!qb|v/! ! 362/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!nferjlv@! 362/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!nferjlv@ Qsfnb! ! Ibsbhtjn.v! qsjtvtuwp! nferjlf! {bwjtj! pe! sb{nopabwbxb! qspj{wp}b•b! nferjlf! qp! wstubnb! eswf~b! pe!

137


lpkji! ji! q•fmf! tblvqrbkv/! Ob! sb{nopabwbxf! wb|j! vuj•f! nop|uwp! tqprb|xji! j! vovusb|xji! vtmpwb! b! qsf! twfhb! lmjnbutlj/! [bup! twblb! wstub! eswfub! jnb! twph! qspj{wp}b•b! nferjlf!)wstuv!wb|j*-!lpkj!usbaj!qptfcof!vtmpwf!{b!sb{wpk/!Ojkf! nphv~f! vpq|uf! pesfejuj! lpmjlp! usbkf! sb{nopabwbxf! wb|j/! V! imbeojn! hpejobnb! jmj! qp! wmbaopn! mfuv! ofnb! nferj•of! qb|f/! Qptmf!lj|f!jmj!kblph!wfusb!pob!tf!tnbxvkf/!Lbeb!kf!cspk!mjtoji!j! |ujubtuji!wb|j!wfmjlj!ubeb!kf!j!nferj•ob!qb|b!pcjmob/!)Oflj! jtusbajwb•j! tv! nj|rfxb-! eb! blp! tf! wb|j! sb{nopabwbkv-! ubeb! jnb! eptub! nferjlf-! bmj! {cph! uphb! tf! of! npaf! sf~j! eb! pob! jnb! ajwpujxtlp!qpsflmp*/! ! 363/!Lpe!lpkfh!jhmj•btuph!eswf~b!tf!mv•j!nferjlb@! 363/!Lpe!lpkfh!jhmj•btuph!eswf~b!tf!mv•j!nferjlb@ T! pc{jspn! ob! q•fmbstuwp-! ptopwof! cjrlf! lpkf! of! mv•f! oflubs-!ofhp!tv!nftub!{b!cpsbwbl!qspj{wp}b•b!nferjlf-!tv!kfmb-! cps!j!bsj|/!Lbeb!pulsjkv!nferj•ov!qb|v!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!nphv! {b!lsbulp!wsfnf!eb!tblvqf!wfmjlv!lpmj•jov!nferjlf/! ! 364/!Lpkf!|jsplpmjtop!eswf~f!mv•j!nferjlv@! 364/!Lpkf!|jsplpmjtop!eswf~f!mv•j!nferjlv@! Pe!|jsplpmjtoph!eswf~b-!wbabo!{ob•bk!{b!q•fmbstuwp!jnb! mjqb-! wscb-! kbwps-! |rjwb! j! usf|xb/! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb!nferjlv!mv•j!j!cfmj!cbhsfn/! ! 365/! Ob! lpkjn! efmpwjnb! kfmf! tf! qpkbwrvkf! nferjlb! j! hef! ajwf! wb|j!lpkf!mv•f!kfmpwv!nferjlv@! wb|j!lpkf!mv•f!kfmpwv!nferjlv@! Lbqj! nferjlf! tf! obmb{f! qsf! twfhb! ob! epxpk! tusboj! obknmb}ji! jhmjdb! kfmf/! Wb|j! mv•f! kfmpwv! nferjlv-! ajwf! ob! eswfuv!v!uplv!dfmf!hpejof-!sbtqpsf}fof!tv!qpkfejob•op!ob!lpsj! hsbo•jdb!nf}v!jhmjdbnb/!Afolb!kfmpwf!wb|j! kf!evhb!4!.!–! 5-6!nn/! jnb! twfumpdswfof! p•j-! ubnop{fmfov! cpkv! ufmb! j! ob! mf}jnb! nphv! eb!tf!vp•f!ewf!lsbulf!twfumf!dsuf/! ! 366/!Lblp!efmvkf!hrjwj•ob!nferjlb!ob!q•fmf@! 366/!Lblp!efmvkf!hrjwj•ob!nferjlb!ob!q•fmf@!

138


Qsjnf~fop! kf! eb! nbtpwop! vhjxbwbkv! q•fmf! qptmf! pcjmof! nferjlf!pe!hrjwb/!Oflj!tusv•xbdj!uwsef!eb!hrjwjob!nferjlb! of!qplb{vkf!upltj•op!efktuwp!ob!pshboj{bn!q•fmf!j!eb!pof!vhjov! lbp! sf{vmubu! joufo{jwoph! sbeb! lpkj! wpej! qsflpnfsopn! j{ovsvwbxv! j! {cph! uphb! |up! lpe! tblvqrbxb! nferjlf! ob! cmjtljn!sbtupkbxjnb!v•ftuwvkv!j!nmbef!q•fmf/! ! 367/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!qpknpwb!nferjlb!j!nfe!pe!nferjlf@! 367/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!qpknpwb!nferjlb!j!nfe!pe!nferjlf@! Pcb! qpknb! tv! jtuph! {ob•fxb/! Ufsnjo! nfe! pe! nferjlf! wfspwbuop! kf! qpojlbp! qptmf! vp•bwbxb! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! j{mv•fof! nferjlf-! pe! tusbof! mjtoji! j! |ujubtuji! wb|j-! lpkb! kf! lbqbmb! ob! {fnrv/! Pe! cjcmjktlf! jtupsjkf! kf! qp{obu! ob{jw! nferjlb!)nbob*/! ! 368/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!nferjlb!pe!nfeb@! 368/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!nferjlb!pe!nfeb@! Nferjlb!tf!sb{mjlvkf!pe!nfeb!qsf!twfhb!qp!twpn!qpsflmv! j! ifnjktlpn! tbtubwv! )wjej! ubcfmv! 6*/! Nferjlb! tbesaj! wfmjlj! qspdfobu! nbufsjkb! v! pcmjlv! efltusjob! ! j! nfmfdjup{f-! lpkf! tv! uf|lp!twbsrjwf!{b!q•fmf!j!{bup!pob!ojkf!qphpeob!{b!{jnpwbxf/! ! 369/!\ub!kf!nfmfdjup{b@! 369/!\ub!kf!nfmfdjup{b@ Hpejof! 2967/! gsbodvtlj! ifnj•bs! Cfsump! kf! pulsjp! v! nferjdj! qspj{wfefopk! pe! bsj|b-! opwj! pcmjl! |f~fsb! npkj! kf! ob{wbp! nfmfdjup{b! )pe! gsbodvtlf! sf•j! nfmf{f! -–! bsj|*/! Up! kf! usjtbibsje! j{hsb}fo! pe! ewb! npmflvmb! tbibsp{f! )wjej! qjubxf! 381*!j!kfeoph!npmflvmb!gsvlup{f/!Nfmfdjup{b!kf!ujqj•bo!tbtubw! nferjlf/! Ubk! pcmjl! |f~fsb! ojkf! pulsjwfo! v! oflubstlpn! nfev! ofhp!kf!vuws}fop!eb!tf!tbesaj!v!kfmpwpk!nferjdj!7-55!.–! 36-79&!b! v!nferjdj!pe!bsj|b!7-21!.–! 49-64&/!Nfmfdjup{b!tf!stuwbsb!ufaf! pe! esvhji! |f~fsb/! Nfe! oflubstlj! of! tbesaj! nfmfdjup{v-! npaf! eb! tf! qsfuqptubwj! eb! kf! pob! qspevlu! mbswj! mjtoji! j! |ujubtuji! wb|j!lpkf!kf!qspj{wpef!v!lbobmv!{b!wbsfxf/! ! !

139


Ubcfmb!6! Ubcfmb!6! ! Ifnjktlj!tbtubw!nferjlf!j!oflubstlph!nfeb!j!oflubsb! ! Nfe!)&*!! Oflubs!)&*!! Ifnjktlj!tbtubw!! oflubstlj!! nferjlb!! nferjlb!! tpl!! Tvwf!nbufsjkf!! Wpeb!! Jowfsuoj!|f~fs!! Hmvlp{b!! Gsvlup{b!! Tbibsp{b!! Efltusjoj!! Cfmbo•fwjof!! Nfmfdjup{b!!

93-11!! 29-11!! 86-:7!! 45-51!! 52-71!! 2-84!! 1-:4!! 1-29!! .!

92-21!! 29-9:!! 76-21!! 37-44!! 44-:3!! 4-62!! :-81!! 3-57!! 7-28!!

62-77!! 59-45!! 29-91!! .! .! 24-11!! 8-49!! .! .!

2-48!! :9-74!! 1-83!! .! .! 1-17!! 1-12!! 1-17!! .!

! !

Isbxfxf!q•fmb! Isbxfxf!q•fmb! ! 36:/! Lblbw! peopt! |f~fsb! j! wpef! usfcb! eb! cvef! lpe! isbxfxb! q•fmb@! q•fmb@! Oflj! obv•op! jtusbajwb•lj! jotujuvuj! qsfqpsv•vkv! eb! tf! sf{fswf!isbof!q•fmb!{b!{jnv!epqvof!|f~fsojn!tjsvqpn!v!peoptv! 4;3! )4! efmb! |f~fsb-! 3! efmb! wpef*/! Hvtuj! sbtuwpsj! tf! of! qsfqpsv•vkv!{bup!|up!isbob!npaf!eb!lsjtubmj|f!v!tb~v/!Obkcprf! kf-!!qp!nj|rfxv!bvupsb-!lpsjtujuj!tjsvq!v!sb{nfsj!2;3/! ! 371/! 371/! Npaf! mj! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! isbob! {b! q•fmf! pe! {bqsrboph! jmj! ofqsf•j|~foph!|f~fsb@! ofqsf•j|~foph!|f~fsb@ Vuws}fop!kf!eb!|f~fs!!{bqsrbo!qftlpn-!qsb|jopn-!hmjopn! j! es/! qsjnftbnb! ojkf! pqbtbo! {b! q•fmf/! Qsfhpsfmj! |f~fs! qsfmjwfo!wpepn!of!usfcb!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!lbp!j!|f~fs!qpnf|bo!tb! tprv!jmj!csb|opn-!{bup!|up!j{b{jwb!uspwbxf!q•fmb/!

140


! 372/!Eb!mj!kf!qvopwsfeob!isbob!|f~fsoj!nfe@! 372/!Eb!mj!kf!qvopwsfeob!isbob!|f~fsoj!nfe@ \f~fsoj! nfe! tf! lpsjtuj! qptmf! qsfsbef! v! |f~fsoj! tjsvq! lpkj! q•fmf! mbhfsvkv! v! ~fmjkf/! Qp! tbesabkv! vhrfoji! ijesbub! j! blujwoji! nbufsjkb! dfxfo! kf! jtup! lbp! j! oflubstlj/! V! xfnv! nf}vujn! jnb! wsmp! nbmp! njofsbmoji! tbtupkblb/! Lpmjlp! up! vuj•f! ofqpwprop!ob!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!ojkf!qp{bobup/!! ! 373/! _jnf! npaf! eb! tf! pckbtoj! qpwprbo! vujdbk-! lpe! qspmf~oph! qsjisbxjwbxb-!ob!qspmf~oj!sb{wpk!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-!blp!tf!v! tjsvq!tubwj!tbnmfwfob!{fmfob!qbqsjlb@ tjsvq!tubwj!tbnmfwfob!{fmfob!qbqsjlb@! sjlb@! Twfutlj! obv•ojl! qspg/! Upljo! j! esvhj! jtusbajwb•j! tv! eplb{bmj!eb!wj|f!cjrblb!qspj{wpej!gjupodjef-!nbufsjkf!-!lpkf! tv! qp! twpktuwjnb! nophp! tmj•of! boujcjpujdjnb/! Gjupodjej! tf! tsf~v! v! cjrojn! tplpwjnb-! oflubsv-! qpmfov-! qspqpmjtv! j! fufsj•ojn! vrjnb/! Qpwprop! efktuwp! lpkf! qplb{vkf! {fmfob! qbqsjlb!)tubwrfob!v!|f~fsoj!tjsvq*-!ob!s{wpk!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb! npaf!tf!pckbtojuj!{bup!|up!tbesaj!gjupodjef/!Pwp!efktuwp!kp|! ojkf!epcsp!j{v•fop/! ! 374/!Lblp!vuj•f!tubwrbxf!mjnvotlf!ljtfmjof!v!isbov!{b!q•fmf! v!qfsjpev!kftfxfh!qsjisbxjwbxb@ v!qfsjpev!kftfxfh!qsjisbxjwbxb@! xjwbxb@ Qsfnb! qpebdjnb! Jtusbajwb•lph! jotujuvub! {b! q•fmbstuwp! TTTS-!epebwbxf!mjnvotlf!ljtfmjof!lpe!kftfxfh!qsjisbxjwbxb! qpuqpnbaf! qsf{jnrbwbxf! q•fmb/! Obkcprj! sf{vmubuj! tf! qptujav! qsj! epebwbxv! 1-4! hsbnb! mjnvotlf! ljtfmjof! ob! 2! lh/! |f~fsb/! Ljtfmjob! tf! epebkf! v! pimb}fo! stuwps! ofqptsfeop! qsfe! xfhpwp!lpsj|~fxf/! ! 375/!Lblp!tf!tqsfnb!|f~fsop!nfeop!uftup@! 375/!Lblp!tf!tqsfnb!|f~fsop!nfeop!uftup@ V!tve!tf!tjqb!7!lh/!|f~fsb!v!qsbiv!)jmj!lsjtubmb*!j!!2-6!lh/! uf•oph! nfeb/! Tnftb! tf! nf|b! epl! tf! of! epcjkf! ipnphfbob! nbtb-! lpkb! tf! of! mfqj! {b! svlf-! of! espcj! tf! j! npaf! eb! tf! sfaf! opafn!

141


ublp! eb! of! ptubkf! usbh! ob! xfnv/! Pwp! uftup! npaf! eb! tf! •vwb! ofphsboj•fop!wsfnf!bmj!usfcb!eb!tf!qb{j!pe!nsbwb/! ! 376/!Tb!lblwpn!isbopn!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbxvkv!q•fmf@! 376/!Tb!lblwpn!isbopn!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbxvkv!q•fmf@! Q•fmf!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbxvkv!v!tmfef~jn!tmv•bkfwjnb;!b*! v! qspmf~f! lbeb! qpoftubkf! xjipwf! sf{fswf! isbof<! c*! v! kvmv! j! bwhvtuv! qptmf! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb<! w*! v! qfsjpev! qb|f-! v! nf}vwsfnfov-! lbeb! q•fmf! of! tblvqrbkv! qpmfo! j! oflubs/! Lpe! qspmf~oph! qsisbxjwbxb! of! usfcb! lpsjtujuj! tvwj! |f~fs! )wjej! qjubxf!383*/!Po!npaf!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!tbnp!v!wsfnfov!lbeb!pof!of! voptf!qpmfo!)v!kvmv*!j!lbeb!tv!tubsf!q•fmf!ofblujwof!usfcb!eb!tf! petusbof! j{! lp|ojdf/! Obkcprf! kf! eb! tf! qsjisbxvkf! tb! nfeop! |f~fsojn! uftupn! jmj! |f~fsop! lwbtojn! uftupn! j! jtupwsfnfop! isbof! tb! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! v! peoptv! 2;2/! Ublwp! qsjisbxjwbxf! jnb!obkwf~j!fgflbu!v!sb{wpkv!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb/! ! 377/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!|f~fsop!lwbtop!uftup@! 377/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!|f~fsop!lwbtop!uftup@! ! [b! qsjqsfnbxf! |f~fsop! lwbtoph! uftub! qpusfcop! kf! 5! lh/! |f~fsb!v!qsbiv!j!1-6!lh/!tvwph!lwbtdb/!V!tve!tf!tjqb!2!lh/!|f~fsb! v!xfhb!jtjuxfo!lwbtbd!j!penbi!j{nf|b/!Lbeb!qptubof!uf•bo!){b! plp! 21! njo/*-! epebkf! tf! kp|! 2! lh/! |f~fsb! v! qsbiv! j! qpopwp! qspnf|b/! Lbeb! tnftb! qptubof! sfulb! tjqb! tf! ptubmj! |f~fs/! Qptmf! {bws|foph! nf|bxb! |f~fsop! lwbtop! uftup! kf! hpupwp! j! tmfef~j! ebo! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! {b! qsjisbxjwbxf! q•fmb/! Uftup! of! obepmb{j! j! blp! tf! esaj! ob! tvwpn! nftuv! npaf! eb! tf! •vwb!evhp!wsfnf/!V!imbeopk!j!tvwpk!qsptupsjkj!tf!tuwsexbwb-!bmj! qp! {bhsfwbxv! ob! tvodv! penflof/! [bup! |up! tbesaj! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! cfmbo•fwjob-! |f~fsop! lwbtop! uftup! qpetuj•f! sb{wpk! mfhmb!j!lbeb!v!qsjspej!ofnb!epwprop!qpmfob/!! ! 378/!\ub!j{b{jwb!{bnv~foptu!|f~fsoph!sbtuwpsb!j!lblp!npaf!up! eb!tf!tqsf•j@! eb!tf!tqsf•j@

142


Qsfnb!ofljn!jtusbajwb•jnb!{bnv~fxf!|f~fsoph!sbtuwpsb! j{b{jwb! cblufsjkb! Mfvdpupoptupd! nftfoufspjeft! lpkb! tuwbsb! nmf•ov! ljtfmjov/! [bnv~vkf! tf! •bl! j! tjsvq! tb! lpodfousbdjkpn! wf~pn! pe! 2;2/! Ojkf! qp{obup! lblp! tqpsf! uji! cblufsjkb! epmb{f! v! isbov-! bmj! pof! nphv! eb! tf! pulsjkv! j! v! qrvwb•lj! •pwflb! )blp! v! |f~fsoj!sbtuwps!qbeof!qrvwb•lb!po!tf!{bnvuj*/![bnv~fxf!npaf! eb! tf! j{cfhof! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! 2*pesabwbxfn! •jtup~f! qsj! sbev<! 3*! lpsj|~fxfn! |f~fsoph! sbtuwpsb! wfmjlf! lpodfousbdjkf! )2;2*<! 4*! ep{jsbxfn! isbof! v! {bwjtoptuj! pe! kb•jof! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb<!5*!qpuljtfrbwbxfn!|f~fsoph!sbtuwpsb!tb!2!qspnjmpn! mjnvotlf!ljtfmjof!!!)!202111*/! ! 379/! Lpmjlp! kf! evhp! pcsb{pwbxf! ubmphb! v! |f~fsopn! tjsvqv! qsj! qsj! evafn!•vwbxv!j!lblp!npaf!up!eb!tf!tqsf•j@! evafn!•vwbxv!j!lblp!npaf!up!eb!tf!tqsf•j@! Lpe!evhph!•vwbxb-!lpe!hvtuph!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb!-!npaf!eb!tf! pcsb{vkf! ubmph/! Sf{vmubu! uphb! kf! pcsb{pwbxf! qsp{sb•of! qjiujkbtuf! nbtf/! Qsj! {bnv~fxv! sbtuwps! epcjkb! nmf•ov! ojkbotv! )wjej!qubxf!378*/!Ubk!qspdft!j{b{wbo!kf!jogfldjkpn!tnftf-lplpn-! |ubqj~btupn! cblufsjkpn! j! qsptujn! hrjwjdbnb/! Ublwb! q•fmjxb! isbob!ofnb!vlvt!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb!j!of!usfcb!eb!tf!lpsjtuj/!Eb!tf! tqsf•j! pcsb{pwbxf! ubmphb-! v! tjsvq! usfcb! eb! tf! epeb! 2! ubcmfub! ijop{pmb!ob!6!lh/!|f~fsb!j!6!m/!wpef!jmj!2!hs/!mjnvotlf!ljtfmjof! ob!2!lh/|f~fsb!j!2!m/!wpef/! ! 37:/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! qptufqfoph! j! kfeoplsbuoph! qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!v!kftfo@! qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!v!kftfo@! Phmfepn! kf! vuws}fop-! eb! nf}v! q•fmjxjn! esv|uwjnb! qsjisbxjwbojn! qptufqfop! tb! nbmjn! ep{bnb! tjsvqb! j! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! qsjisbxjwboji! kfeoplsbuop! tb! wfmjljn! ep{bnb! tjsvqb-! v! epcjkbxv! nfeb! ofnb! sb{mjlf! oj! v! tbesabkv! wpef-! ejbtub{f! j! tbibsp{f/! Lbeb! tf! jtlrv•j! up-! tb~f! tb! mfhmpn! v! qswpn!tmv•bkv!kf!nophp!sb{wjkfojkf/!! ! 381/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!tbibsp{b@! 381/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!tbibsp{b@

143


Tbibsp{b! tf! epcjkb! pe! |f~fsof! ustlf! jmj! pe! |f~fsof! sfqf/! Qsfetubwrb! ejtbibsje! lpkj! tf! lpe! {bhsfwbxb! tb! ljtfmjopn! jmj! qsj! efktuwv! gfsnfobub! jowfsub{f! sbtqbeb! ob! hmvlp{v! j! gsvlup{v/! Sb{mj•juf! wstuf! nfeb! tbesaf! qsptf•op! tbibsp{f! 2-4&! b! nferjlb! 4-:&/! Wfmjlb! lpmj•job! tbibsp{f! v! nfev! qplb{vkf! eb! kf! po! epcjkfo! qptmf! pcjmoph! qsjisbxjwbxb! q•fmb!tb!|f~fspn/!! ! 382/! \ub! kf! qp{obup! p! qsjisbxjwbxv! q•fmb! df}fxfn! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb!lsp{!tjup@! tjsvqb!lsp{!tjup@ Tv|ujob! uph! pcmjlb! qsjisbxjwbxb! q•fmb! tbtupkj! tf! v! {bmjwbxv! lsjtubmoph! |f~fsb! jtupn! lpmj•jopn! wpef/! Tve! tb! |f~fspn! j! wpepn! )tm/43*! tf! {buwpsj! tb! qplmpqdfn! v! •jkpk! kf! tsfejoj!hvtup!tjup!qsf•ojlb!7!–.!9!tn/!Qptmf!uphb!tf!plsf~f!eopn! ob! hpsf! j! qptubwrb! v! qsb{bo! obtubwbl! j{obe! sbnpwb! tb! mfhmpn/! Lbp! sf{vmubu! df}fxb! wpef-! |f~fs! tf! sbtuwbsb! v! xpk! v! sb{nfsj! 2;2! j! q•fmf! tjtbkv! epcjkfoj! tjsvq! lsp{! tjup/! Qsfjnv~tuwp! pwph! ob•job! kf! v! upnf! |up! qsfe! qsjisbxjwbxf! ojkf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! |f~fs! sbtuwpsj/! V! qsbltj! kf! nf}vujn! vuws}fop! eb! pwp! jnb! oj{! ofeptubublb;! {b! df}fxf! sbtuwpsb! usfcbkv! qsfuipeof! qsjqsfnf! ublp! eb! v! tvev! of! ptubof! ofsbtuwpsfo! |f~fs-! ublwb! isbojmjdb!

Tm/!43/!Vqjkbkv~b!isbojmjdb! qptubwrfob!j{obe!sbopwb!tb!mfhmpn! 2/!tve! 3/!qplmpqbd!eob!ob!lpkfn!kf! aj•bob!nsfab! 4/!lsjtubmoj!|f~fs! 5/!wpeb!

144


{biufwb! wfmjlp! tmpcpeop! nftup-! lblp! {b! xfop! qptubwrbxf! v! qsb{bo! obtubwbl! ublp! j! {b! ptubwrbxf! qptmf! qsisbxjwbxb! q•fmb<!lpe!{bqv|bwbxb!dfejmb!sbtuwps!of!npaf!eb!tf!lpsjtuj-! ptjn! uphb! blp! kf! dfejmp! pe! •fmj•oph! mjnb-! qptmf! j{wftoph! wsfnfob! qp•jxf! eb! lpspejsb<! tve! tf! efgpsnj|f! qsj! mbljn! vebsjnb! jmj! tf! sb{cjkf<! isbojmjdb! of! npaf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! lpe! tfmf~fh!q•fmbsfxb<!qsj!qpopwopn!qvxfxv!tveb!q•fmbs!epmb{j!v! ejsflubo! lpoublu! tb! q•fmbnb/! Isbxfxf! ob! pwbk! ob•jo-! tb! df}fxfn!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb-!twf!tf!nbxf!lpsjtuj/! ! 383/! Lblwf! tv! qptmfejdf! lpe! qsjisbxjwbxb! q•fmb! tb! tvwjn! |f~fspn@! |f~fspn@ V! mbcpsbupsjktljn! pqjujnb! kf! vuws}fop! eb! qsjisbxjwbxf! q•fmb! tvwjn! |f~fspn! wpej! lb! xjipwpn! cs{pn! jtdsqrjwbxv/! Q•fmf!qsjisbxjwbof!tvwjn!|f~fspn!j!wpepn!tv!ajwfmf!39!ebob-! b! pof! lpkf! tv! lpsjtujmf! tjsvq-! ewb! qvub! wj|f! )qpe! kfeobljn! vtmpwjnb*/! [cph! uphb! tf! of! qsfqpsv•vkf! qsjisbxjwbxf! tvwjn! |f~fspn/! ! !

Qpkfxf!!q•fmb! Qpkfxf!!q•fmb! ! 384/!V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!lpsjtuj!wpeb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 384/!V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!lpsjtuj!wpeb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! V!q•fmbstuwv-!wpeb!tf!lpsjtuj!qsf!twfhb!{b!qpkfxf!q•fmb-! {b! tqsbwrbxf! lbscpmpwph! sbtuwpsb-! lpe! epebwbxb! nbujdb! ob! nplbs!ob•jo-!lpe!qvxfxb!pqmpexblb!q•fmbnb!)qstlbxf!wpepn*-! {b! tqb|bwbxf! nbujdf! lpkb! kf! vlmvq•bob-! lpe! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb-!lpe!tqsbwrbxb!tjsvqb!j!ef{jogfldjpoph!sbtuwpsb!j!es/! ! 385/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! tnbxj! hvcjubl! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb! lpkf! epoptf!wpev!v!lp|ojdv!v!qspmf~f@! epoptf!wpev!v!lp|ojdv!v!qspmf~f@! Epcsp! obqsbwrfob! qpkjmjdb! qptubwrfob! ob! 21! n/! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! usfcb! eb! tf! {bhsfwb! eb! tf! of! tns{ov! q•fmf! lbeb! v{jnbkv! wpev! qp! imbeopn! wsfnfov! j! eb! nphv! eb! tf! wsbuf! v!

145


lp|ojdv/! Ob! vebrfojn! nftujnb! hef! ofnb! tusvkf! npaf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! qfuspmfktlb! mbnqb! lpkb! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! ob! nftup! ofeptuvqop! q•fmbnb! )oqs/! jtqpe! qpkjmjdf*/! J{pmbdjkb! qpkjmjdf! usfcb!eb!ptjhvsb!njojnbmbo!hvcjubl!upqmpuof!fofshjkf/! ! 386/! Lpkb! lpmj•job! lvijxtlf! tpmj! npaf! eb! tf! epeb! epeb! wpej! {b! qpkfxf!q•fmb@! qpkfxf!q•fmb@! Ob! kfebo! mjubs! wpef! {b! qpkfxf! npaf! eb! tf! epeb! nbltjnbmop! 9! hs/! tpmj/! Kb•j! sbtuwps! npaf! eb! pusvkf! q•fmf/! Qsfqpsv•vkf!tf!ob! 21!m/!wpef!eb!tf!epeb!61!hs/!tpmj/!Obkcprf!kf! eb! tf! q•fmf! qpkf! ublp! eb! jnbkv! nphv~optu! j{cpsb! ptprfof! j! •jtuf!wpef/!Up!tf!qptujaf!ublp!eb!tf!ob!kfeov!qpmpwjov!ebtlf!qp! lpkpk! uf•f! wpeb! j{! qpkjmjdf-! qptubwj! hsvnfo! lbnfof! tpmj! jmj! lvijxtlb! tp! qpnf|bob! tb! gjojn! sf•ojn! qftlpn! j! tubwrfob! v! qmbuofov! lftv/! Tp! tf! pwmbaj! pe! wpef! lpkb! uf•f! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! q•fmf! nphv! eb! cjsbkv! lpkv! ~f! wpev! eb! lpsjtuf-! {bwjtop! pe! uphb! lpkb!jn!kf!qpusfcob/! ! !

Sbe!!v!!q•fmjxblv! Sbe!!v!!q•fmjxblv! !

Q•fmjxf!!esv|uwp! Q•fmjxf!!esv|uwp! ! 387/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!tubopwoj|uwp!lp|ojdf@! 387/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!tubopwoj|uwp!lp|ojdf@! Tubopwoj|uwp! lp|ojdf! tf! tbtupkj! pe! twji! kfejolj! lpkf! ajwf! v! xpk;! q•fmf-! nbujdb! j! pehpwbsbkv~j! cspk! usvupwb! v! pesf}fopn!qfsjpev!hpejof/!Cspk!{bwjtj!qsf!twfhb!pe!cspkb!q•fmb! sbejmjdb!j!pe!gvoldjkf!lpkf!pof!usfcb!eb!jtqvxbwbkv/!Ublp!oqs/! tubopwoj|uwp! spkb! npaf! eb! tf! tbttupkj! pe! oflpmjlp! tupujob! q•fmb! sbejmjdb-! nbujdf! j! oflpmjlp! usvupwb/! Kblp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! lpkf! kf! eptujhmp! nbltjnvn! sb{wpkb! npaf! eb! jnb! ep! 211/111!kfejolj/!V!{jntlpn!qfsjpev!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!cspkj!plp! 21/111-!b!nbltjnbmop!31/111!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!j!nbujdv/! !

146


388/\ub!kf!joibmbdjpob!bmfshjkb!ob!q•fmf@! 388/\ub!kf!joibmbdjpob!bmfshjkb!ob!q•fmf@! Lpe! sbeb! ob! q•fmjxblv! npaf! tf! qpkbwjuj! joibmbdjpob! bmfshjkb! vtmpwrfob! lpoublupn! ejtbkoji! pshbob! tb! wb{evipn! jtqvxfojn!•ftujdbnb!q•fmb!j!q•fmjxji!qspj{wpeb/!Qsj!upnf!tf! kbwrb! twsbc! tmv{plpaf! optb-! obqbej! ljkbxb-! pcjmob! ljkbwjdb-! tvw! obesbabkoj! lb|br! lpkj! qsfmb{j! v! obqbef! hv|fxb! tb! pufabojn!{wjaef~jn!j{ejtbkjnb/!Up!kf!cspoiptqb{bn!jmj!obqbe! btunf/! Lpe!tmfef~ji! lpoublbub! tb! q•fmbnb! pcprfxf! obqsfevkf! qp|up!tf!v!pshboj{nv!tuwbsbkv!boujufmb!qsfnb!q•fmbnb/! ! 389/!\ub!kf!lpoubluob!bmfshjkb@! 389/!\ub!kf!lpoubluob!bmfshjkb@! Lpoubluob! bmfshjkb! tf! kbwrb! lbp! bmfshjktlb! sfbldjkb! ob! lpaj! pulsjwfoji! efmpwb! ufmb/! V! qp•fulv! tf! kbwrb! kbl! twsbc-! dswfojmp-! esiubwjdb-! {bujn! tf! kbwrbkv! ptqf! qp! svlbnb! lpkf! tf! pwmbaf! j! sb{wjkb! tf! lpoubluoj! bmfshjktlj! efsnbuju/! Twf! pwp! npaf! cjuj! qsb~fop! tv{fxfn-! twsbcpn! p•oji! lbqblb-! ljkbxfn! j! ljkbwjdpn/! Pwf! qpkbwf! nphv! obtubuj! of! tbnp! qsj! ofqptsfeopn! sbev! tb! q•fmbnb-! ofhp! j! qsj! lpoubluv! tb! {bqsrbopn! pef~pn-! sbnpwjnb-! wptlpwbsjopn-! qspqpmjtpn/! Nophj! q•fmbsj! lpkj! epcjkv!pwv!wstuv!bmfshjkf!epcsp!qpeoptf!vcpef!q•fmb/! ! 38:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!viwbuj!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!lpkf!tf!obmb{j!v! evqrj!eswfub@ evqrj!eswfub@! j!eswfub@! Qp!qsfqpsvdj!twfutlpi!bvupsb!blp!v!evqrj!eswfub!jnb!ewb! puwpsb! )kfebo! v! epxfn! b! esvhj! v! hpsxfn! efmv*-! usfcb! eb! tf! qptuvqj! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! Lsp{!epxj! puwps! tf!vcbdvkf! ejn!epl! q•fmf!qp•ov!eb!j{mb{f!ob!hpsxj!puwps!peblmf!tf!tblvqrbkv!lbp! twblj! spk/! Qsjnbnrjwbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! ob! ubk! ob•jo! j{jtlvkf! wfmjlp! tusqrfxf! j! qsj! upnf! of! hbsbouvkf! vwfl! vtqfi/! Qp|up! tf! {ob! eb! v! qsjspeojn! vtmpwjnb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! j{hsb}vkf! tb~f! cmj{v! mfub! )vmb{b*-! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! pcf{cfej! tboev•f-!lbp!spkfwlb-!v!lpkf!tf!tubwj!sbn!tb!puwpsfojn!mfhmpn!j! 3!sbnb!tb!tlpsp!opwjn!wp|ubojn!tb~fn/!Tboev•f!tf!qsj•wstuj!v{! eswp! ublp! eb! nv! puwps! cvef! qsfnb! puwpsv! evqrf! )tm/44*/! Ob! ubk!

147


ob•jo-!q•fmf!ofnbkv~j!esvhv!nphv~optu-!ptjn!eb!j{mf~v!j!vmf~v!v! evqrv! lsp{! puwps! ob! tboev•fuv-! penbi! qp•jxv! eb! tf! csjov! p! mfhmv! qptubwrfopn! v! xfnv/! Qp|up! j! nbujdb! qsf}f! v! tboev•f-! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!npaf!eb!tf!qsfnftuj!ob!esvhp!nftup/! Tm/!44/!Qsj•ws|~jwbxf!tboev•fub!{b! iwbubxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb! obtubxfoph!v!|vqrfn!eswfuv;! ! 2/!|vqrf!eswp! 3/!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v!evqrj! 4/!tboev•f!qsj•ws|~fop!ob!puwps! evqrf! 5/!puwps!ob!evqrj! 6/!puwpsj!plp!tboev•fub!{bnb{boj! hmjopn! 7/!obetusf|ojdb!

! 391/!Lbeb!j!lpmjlp!qvub! qsj!qsfhmfev!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!usfcb! nfsjuj! qpws|jov! mfhmb! j! lpmjlb! usfcb! eb! cvef! xfhpwb! wfmj•job@! wfmj•job@! Mfhmp! tf! nfsj! •fujsj! qvub! v! uplv! hpejof;! qswp! nfsfxf! v! nbsuv-! esvhp! qptmf! qsfdwfubwbxb! wp~b-! lbeb! tf! lpe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!kbwrbkv!obkwf~j!{biufwj-!usf~f!v!qfsjpev!dwfubxb!mjqf! j! •fuwsup! qsfe! kftfxf! qsjisbxjwbxf! jmj! ofqptsfeop! qptmf! xfhb/!Vlvqob!qpws|job!mfhmb!usfcb!eb!cvef!86!en/!lwbesbuoji/! ! 392/!Lblp!tf!nfsj!qpws|job!mfhmb@! 392/!Lblp!tf!nfsj!qpws|job!mfhmb@! Qpws|job! mfhmb! npaf! eb! tf! nfsj! j! eb! tf! j{sb•vob! qp! pehpwbsbkv~pk! ubcmjdj! jmj! qpnp~v! sbnb! qpefrfoph! ajdpn! ob! lwbesbuj~f!6!i!6!tn/!lpkj!tf!qptubwj!qsflp!tb~b!tb!mfhmpn/!Ob!ubk!

148


ob•jo! tf! penbi! pesf}vkf! qpws|job! mfhmb/! Obkub•ojkf! tf! qpws|job! mfhmb! vtubopwrbwb! gpuphsbnfusjktljn! nfupepn-! bmj! up! {biufwb! gpuphsbgjtbxf! twblph! sbnb! j! up! tb! pcf! tusbof! v! kfeobljn! joufswbmjnb! )twblji! 21! ebob*/! Pwbk! nfupe! tf! qsjnfxvkf!qswfotuwfop!v!obv•of!twsif/!!! ! 393/! Npaf! mj! eb! tf! {bplsfof! sbn! tb! mfhmpn! v! wfsujlbmopn! qpmpabkv!{b!:1!. –!291!°@! qpmpabkv!{b!:1!.!!291!° !291! Blp! tf! {biufwb! eb! tf-! ! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! lpkf! ajwj! v! lp|ojdj! tb! ofpehpwbsbkv~jn! sb{nfsbnb! sbnpwb-! qsfnftuj! v! esvhv!lp|ojdv-!q•fmbs!usfcb!qsf!twfhb!eb!qspcb!eb!qptubwj!tb~f! tb!mfhmpn!uk/!eb!ji!qptubwj!ob!sbdjpobmbo!ob•jo!v!opwf!sbnpwf/! Qsj!upnf!ojkf!pcbwf{op!eb!tf!tb•vwb!qsfuipeoj!qpmpabk!mfhmb<!v! opwf! sbnpwf! up! npaf! eb! tf! v•wstuj! ob! obkqpwprojkj! ob•jo! {b! q•fmbsb/!Ublp!oqs/!v{bl!j!wjtpl!tbu!tb!mfhmpn!npaf!eb!tf!{bwsuj! qp! evapk! tusboj! v! ipsj{poubmoj! qpmpabk/! Jtup! tf! peoptj! j! ob! j{sf{jwbxf! efmpwb! tb~b! tb! mfhmpn-! lpkj! usfcb! eb! tf! plsfov! {b! 291°v! peoptv! ob! qsfuipeoj! qpmpabk/! Pe! qptfcoph! {ob•bkb! kf! eb! tb~f!tb!mfhmpn!cvef!epcsp!v•ws|~fop!v!opwpn!sbnv!)epwprop!kf! eb! tf! qpwfaf! {b! oflpmjlp! ebob! v! lstu*/! Mfhmp! tf! j{mfaf! opsnbmop!•bl!j!lbe!j{sf{bof!efmpwf!tb~b-!npoujsbof!v!opwj!sbn! plsfofnp! {b! :1! .! –! 291! °-! sb{vnf! tf! blp! tf! up! vsbej! qp! pehpwbsbkv~pk!ufnqfsbuvsj!j!qp!tvo•bopn!ebov/! ! 394/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!″ 394/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!″qmb•f″ qmb•f″@! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! ″qmb•f″! lbeb! j{hvcj! nbujdv/! [wvl! lpkj! pebkv!ptjspufmf!q•fmf!obkcprf!tf!•vkf!vwf•f!jmj!ebxv!lbeb!pof! of! mfuf/! ″Qmb•″! npaf! eb! tf! qsfljof! blp! v! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! epebnp! opwv! pqmp}fov! nbujdv! jmj! tf! v! lp|ojdv! qptubwj! tbu! tb! puwpsfojn!mfhmpn!j!kbkjnb-!jmj!{sfp!nbuj•xbl/! ! 395/! Lpkf! Lpkf! mbswf! cjsbkv! q•fmf! lpe! j{hsbexf! nbuj•xblb-! lpe! ofp•fljwboph!hvcjulb!nbujdf@! ofp•fljwboph!hvcjulb!nbujdf@!

149


Phmfepn! kf! vuws}fop! eb! obkkb•b! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! v{hbkbkv! nbujdv! pe! obknmb}ji! mbswj/! Tbnp! tmbcb! esv|uwb! lpsjtuf! {b! up! tubsjkf!mbswf/!Qspnfxfof!nbujdf!ob!ubk!ob•jo-!pehbkbof!v!kblpn! j!qspevlujwopn!esv|uwv-!qsj!qpwprojn!lmjnbutljn!vtmpwjnb!j! epcspk! qb|j! tv! lwbmjufuof/! Pof! nf}vujn-! of! nphv! eb! tf! qpsfef! tb!nbujdbnb!j{wfefojn!v!spkfwjn!nbuj•xbdjnb/! ! 396/!Lblp!tf!{bnfxvkf!tubsb!nbujdb!opwpn@! 396/!Lblp!tf!{bnfxvkf!tubsb!nbujdb!opwpn@! Obkqsf! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! tubsb! nbujdb! vnsuwj! qsjujtlbxfn! xfoji! hsvej! j! eb! tf! qptubwj! ob! nsfav! lbwf{b! {b! nbujdf! v! lpnf! kf! {buwpsfob! pqmp}fob! nmbeb! nbujdb! b! puwps! {buwpsfo! qbs•fupn! nfeop|f~fsoph! uftub/! Penbi! qptmf! uphb! lbwf{! tf! qptubwj! v! pcf{nbuj•fop! esv|uwp! )tb! pcf! nbujdf*/! Q•fmf!~f!eb!j{oftv!nsuwv!nbujdv!j{!lp|ojdf/![b!pwp!wsfnf!opwb! nbujdb! qsjnb! njsjtf! vnsuwrfof! nbujdf! j! {b! plp! 2! tbu-! epl! q•fmf! qpkfev! nfeop|f~fsop! uftup! j! j{oftv! obqprf! nsuwv! nbujdv-! ptmpcp}fob! nmbeb! nbujdb! ~f! eb! qp•of! eb! jtqvxbwb! twpkf!gvoldjkf!v-!{b!xv-!opwpk!tsfejoj/!Lpsjtuj!tf!j!esvhj!ob•jo! {b! tnfov! nbujdb! v{! lpsj|~fxf! ewb! lbwf{b/! V! kfebo! tf! {buwpsj!

Tm/!45/!Ewpkoj!lbwf{!qp!Cjefsnbov!

150


tubsb!nbujdb!ublp!eb!of!npaf!eb!j{b}f!b!v!esvhj!tf!tubwj!opwb! nmbeb! pqmp}fob! nbujdb! j! puwps! tf! {buwpsj! nfeop|f~fsojn! uftupn/! Pcb! lbwf{b! tf! qptubwf! v! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! kfebo! ep! esvhph/! Q•fmf! qpkfev! nfeop|f~fsop! uftup! j! ptmpcb}bkv! nmbev! nbujdv/Qptmf!uphb!lbwf{j!tf!wbef!j{!lp|ojdf!j!tubsb!nbujdb!tf! voj|ubwb/! Pwbk-! ! tbwsfnfo! ob•jo! {b! {bnfov! nbujdb! lpsjtuf! q•fmbsj! Ofnb•lf-! t! upn! sb{mjlpn-! |up! tv! pwb! ewb! lbwf{b! pckfejxfob-! uk/! ewb! lbwf{b! lpkf! sb{ewbkb! tbnp! kfeob! sf|fulb! )tm/45*/! ! 397/!Lblp!tf!epebkf!nbujdb!v!pcf{nbuj•fop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! 397/!Lblp!tf!epebkf!nbujdb!v!pcf{nbuj•fop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! Lp|ojdb! tf! {bejnj! ejnjmjdpn! plp! 31! qvub! lsp{! mfup! )vmb{*/! Ofqptsfeop! qptmf! uphb! opwb! nbujdb! tf! qv|ub! vovusb! ob! vmb{!lp|ojdf-!bmj!tf!po!{buwbsb!gbupn!{b!plp!41!tflvoej/!Nbmp! lbtojkf!lp|ojdb!tf!qpopwp!{bejnj!plp!26!qvub!j!vmb{!tf!{buwpsj! {b!plp!21!njovub/!Lpe!epebwbxb!ob!pwbk!ob•jo-!lp|ojdb!of!usfcb! eb!jnb!esvhv!nbujdv/! !! 398/!!Lbeb!q•fmf!vcjkbkv!epebuv-!ofpqmp}fov-!nbujdv@! 398/!!Lbeb!q•fmf!vcjkbkv!epebuv-!ofpqmp}fov-!nbujdv@! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! lpkf! evaf! wsfnf! ajwj! cf{! nbujdf! j! v! lpkfn! ofnb! nmbeji! q•fmb-! vcjkb! nmbev! ofpqmp}fov! nbujdv! lbeb! tf!v!lp|ojdv!qptubwj!tbu!tb!kbkjnb!j!mbswbnb/! ! 399/! Lblp! usfcb! eb! tf! pcsbej! qsptups! v! usbotqpsuopn! eswfopn! lbwf{v!{b!nbujdv-!eb!cj!tf!tb•vwbmp!nfeop|f~fsop!uftup@! lbwf{v!{b!nbujdv-!eb!cj!tf!tb•vwbmp!nfeop|f~fsop!uftup@! Blp! tf! nbujdb! qsfoptj! ob! wfmjlp! sbtupkbxf! jmj! ob! esvhj! ob•jo! tf! {biufwb! eb! evaf! wsfnf! qspwfef! v! usbotqpsuopn! eswfopn! lbwf{v-! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! pefrbl-! pesf}fo! {b! nfeop|f~fsop! uftup! cvef! pcmjwfo! wptlpn/! Up! tf!{biufwb! eb! cj! tf!p•vwbmb!isbob!{b!nbujdv/!Cf{!ublwf!pcsbef-!wpeb!lpkv!tbesaj! uftup! ~f! cjuj! vqjkfob! pe! eswfoji! {jepwb! lbwf{b-! pop! tf! tv|j! j! qptubkf!oflpsjtop!{b!nbujdv!j!q•fmf!qsbujrf/! ! 39:/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eptujaf!nbltjnvn!v!twpn!sb{wpkv@! 39:/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eptujaf!nbltjnvn!v!twpn!sb{wpkv@!

151


Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!eptujaf! nbltjnvn! v! twpn! sb{wpkv! lbeb! qsftubof! eb! j{hsb}vkf! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! v! sbnv! hsb}fwxblv-! nb! eb! v! esvhjn! esv|uwjnb! ji! hsbef! joufo{jwop-! blp! tv! wsfnfotlj! vtmpwj! qphpeoj/! Pwbk! vtmpw! usfcb! q•fmbs! eb! {ob! blp! ip~f! ob! wsfnf! eb! tqsf•j! spkfxf! lpkf! vnophpnf! tnbxvkf! qspevlujwoptu! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb/! ! 3:1/! Npaf! mj! v! kfeopk! lp|ojdj! lp|ojdj! {bkfeoj•lj! eb! ajwj! oflpmjlp! nbujdb@! nbujdb@! Pqjtboj! v! tqfdjkbmj{jsbopk! ! mjufsbuvsj-! ob•joj! {b! gpsnjsbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! tb! oflpmjlp! nbujdb! tv! joufsftbouoj-! op! ofnbkv! qsbluj•op! {ob•fxf/! [bkfeoj•lj! ajwpu! tb! tubspn! nbujdpn! kf! nphv~-! bmj! nmbef! j! qspevlujwof! nbujdf! nphv!eb!ajwf!{bkfeop!tbnp!v!j{v{fuojn!tmv•bkfwjnb/!Phmfej-!eb! tf! esaf! v! kfeopk! lp|ojdj! wj|f! nbujdb-! pcj•op! of! ebkv! afrfof! sf{vmubuf/! [b! qpkb•bwbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! ublbw! {bkfeoj•lj! ajwpu! npaf! eb! tf! ptuwbsj! qsf! twfhb! v! mfup/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! kf! qsfqpsv•rjwp! eb! tf! nbujdb! qpnp~ojdb! pewpkj! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!ipnphfopn!qsfhsbeopn!ebtlpn/! ! 3:2/!Eb!mj!kf!vnftop!tqbkbuj!ewb!tmbcb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb@! 3:2/!Eb!mj!kf!vnftop!tqbkbuj!ewb!tmbcb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb@! [b! tmbcp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tnbusb! tf! esv|uwp! lpkf! ob! lsbkv! nbsub! ojkf! qptfmp! 5! sbnb! ujqb! EC! jmj! MS! –/! Tqbkbxf! ewb! tmbcb!esv|uwb!ojkf!vnftop-!{bup!|up!j!up!tqpkfop!npaf!eb!cvef! tmbcp-! qb! tf! of! qptujaf! afrfoj! sf{vmubu/Obkcprf! kf! tmbcp! esv|uwp!qsjqpkjuj!kblpn!esv|uwv/! ! 3:3/! Lbeb! tf! qsblujlvkf! qsjqbkbxf! tmbcph! esv|uwb! kblpn! j! p! •fnv!usfcb!wpejuj!sb•vob!v!upn!tmv•bkv@! •fnv!usfcb!wpejuj!sb•vob!v!upn!tmv•bkv@! Qsj! tqbkbxv! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! usfcb! wpejuj! sb•vob! p! {esbwtuwfopn! tubxv/! Obkqphpeojkf! wsfnf! kf! v! qspmf~f! jmj! qfsjpe! qsfe! kftfxf! qsjisbxjwbxf/! J{! tmbcph! esv|uwb! vwf•f! petusbojuj!nbujdv!b!tvusbebo!j{ws|juj!qsjqbkbxf/! !

152


3:4/!\ub!qsfoptf!j!|ub!of!qsfoptf!q•fmf!v!lv|ojdj@! 3:4/!\ub!qsfoptf!j!|ub!of!qsfoptf!q•fmf!v!lv|ojdj@! V! lp|ojdj! q•fmf! qsfoptf! nfe! j{! tb~b! tb! kfeoph! nftub! ob! esvhp-! blp! kf! up! ofpqipeop-! tvwj|bo! wptbl! tb! tubsph! tb~b! qsj! qsfsbej!j!epsbej!xjipwpk-!)qswfotuwfop!ob!usvupwtljn!~fmjkbnb! qsfe!qspmf~ov!tf{pov*/!Q•fmf!of!qsfoptf!qpmfo!tnf|ufo!v!tb~v-! pof! hb! v{jnbkv! puveb! tbnp! lpe! ofhpwbxb! mfhmb/! Lbeb! q•fmf! j{lpo{vnjsbkv! {bmjif! qpmfob-! nbujdb! qpmpaj! v! qsb{of! ~fmjkf! kbkb!jmj!ji!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!qpqvof!nfepn/! ! 3:5/! Nphv! mj! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! eb! tf! qpsfe! ofpqmp}fof! nbujdf!qpkbwf!mbaof!nbujdf@! nbujdf!qpkbwf!mbaof!nbujdf@! Mbaob! nbujdb! )wjej! qjubxf! 99*! npaf! eb! tf! qpkbwj! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! tb! ofpqmp}fopn! nbujdpn! v! tmv•bkv! lbeb! tf! pob! evaf! wsfnf! of! qbsj! tb! usvupn/! Qptmf! pqmp}fxb! nbujdf-! mbaof! nbujdf! qspevabwbkv! eb! qpmbav! kbkb-! bmj! tb! qptufqfojn! vwf~bwbxfn! mfhmb! twf! q•fmf! tf! vlrv•vkv! v! xfhpwp! ofhpwbxf! j! mbaof!nbujdf!qsftubkv!eb!qpmbav!kbkb/! ! 3:6/!J{mf~v!mj!mbaof!nbujdf!j{!lp|ojdf!j!epoptf!mj!oflubs@!! 3:6/!J{mf~v!mj!mbaof!nbujdf!j{!lp|ojdf!j!epoptf!mj!oflubs@ Mbaof!nbujdf!j{mf~v!j{!lp|ojdf!ob!qb|v!j!epoptf!oflubs! bmj! v! nophp! nbxpk! lpmj•joj! pe! esvhji! )opsnbmoji*! q•fmb/! [cph! uphb! v! esv|uwv! hef! 71&! pe! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! qptubkv! mbaof! nbujdf! )u{w/! usvupwtlp! esv|uwp! .! wjej! qjubxf! 3:8*! ! .! qspj{wpexb! nfeb! {ob•bkop! pqbeb/! Lbp! qsjnfs! nphv! eb! qplbav! sf{vmubuj!!phmfeb!qspwfefoji!pe!twfutlji!q•fmbsb<!j{sb•vobup! kf!eb!2!lh/!q•fmb!opsnbmoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!qspj{wfef!32-5!lh/! nfeb-! esv|uwp! tb! 31&! mbaoji! nbujdb! 28-6! lh/! b! tb! ! 61! .! ! 71! &! mbaoji!nbujdb!tbnp!8-5!lh/! ! 3:7/!Lblp!tf!petusbxvkv!mbaof!nbujdf@! 3:7/!Lblp!tf!petusbxvkv!mbaof!nbujdf@! Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp-!v!lpnf!jnb!mbaoji!nbujdb-!qsfoptj!tf! tb! lp|ojdpn! ob! esvhp! nftup! b! ob! xfop! nftup! tf! qptubwj! esvhb! tmj•ob! lp|ojdb! tb! nmbepn! nbujdpn! lpkb! qpmbaf! kbkb-! tb! dfmjn! esv|uwpn-! tb! mfhmpn/! Mfup! )vmb{*! lp|ojdf! tf! qsjuwpsj! ublp! eb!

153


tbnp! kfeob! q•fmb! npaf! eb! qsp}f/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! j{mfuojdf! j{! esv|uwb!tb!mbaojn!nbujdbnb!tf!wsb~bkv!ob!tubsp!nftup!)v!opwv! lp|ojdv*! j! lsp{! tuf|xfo! puwps! vmb{f! v! lp|ojdv! tb! nmbepn! nbujdpn/!V!usvupwtlpn!esv|uwv!twblj!ebo!tf!mjlwjejsb!qp!kfebo! sbn!tb!kbkjnb!qpmpafojn!pe!mbaoji!nbujdb/! ! 3:8/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!usvupwtlp!esv|uwp@! 3:8/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!usvupwtlp!esv|uwp@! Usvupwtlp! esv|uwp! )tb!mbaojn! nbujdbnb*! kf!esv|uwp! lpkf! kf!evaf!wsfnf!ptubmp!cf{!nbujdf!)jmj!blp!nbujdb!ojkf!pqmp}fob! jmj! j{! oflph! efgflub! qpmbaf! tbnp! ofpqmp}fob! kbkb*-! sf{vmubu! uphb!kf!eb!kbkb!qpmbav!mbaof!nbujdf/!Pe!uji!kbkb!tf!sb{wjkbkv!tbnp! usvupwj/! ! 3:9/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!vuwsej!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v!lpnf!jnb!mbaob! nbujdb@! nbujdb@! Esv|uwp!v!lpnf!jnb!mbaob!nbujdb!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!tbnp! v{! v•f|~f! q•fmbsb/! Q•fmf! v! xfnv! uf|lp! qsjnbkv! nbujdv! {bup! |up! uv! ofnb! q•fmb! lpkf! nphv! eb! qspj{wpef! nmf•/! Tqb|bwbxf! ublwph! esv|uwb! kf! nphv~f-! lbeb! tf! qptubwf! ewb! sbnb! tb! {buwpsfojn!mfhmpn!lpe!lpkji!tv!qp•fmf!eb!tf!mfhv!nmbef!q•fmf/! Qptmf! 5! ebob! lp|ojdb! usfcb! eb! tf! qsfhmfeb! j! j{hsb}foj! nbuj•xbdj!eb!tf!qpsv|f!b!3!tbub!!lbtojkf!j{nf}v!pwb!ewb!sbnb! tf!qptubwj!lbwf{!tb!nmbepn!nbujdpn!lpkb!qpmbaf!kbkb-!cf{!q•fmb! qsbujrb/! V! lbwf{v! kf! nbujdb! {buwpsfob! tb! plp! 61! dn/! lvcoji! nfeop|f~fsoph! uftub/! Lpouspmoj! qsfhmfe! tf! ws|j! qtmf! kfeof! tfenjdf/!Lbeb!v!qsjspej!ofnb!qb|f!q•fmf!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbof! vwf•f!|f~fsojn!tjsvqpn/!! ! 3::/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!mfu!v!nftuv@! 3::/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!mfu!v!nftuv@! Mfu! v! nftuv! ws|f! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! qsj! qspwfusbwbxv! lp|ojdf/! Pof! tubov! ob! kfeop! nftup-! qsjesabwbkv!tf! {b! lp|ojdv! ophbnb-! ub•ojkf! {b! qpmfubrlv/! Plsfovuf! tv! hmbwpn! qsfnb! mfuv! )vmb{v*!j!lsjmjnb!ws|f!mfqf{bxf/! !

154


411/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!npaf!eb!tf!vhv|j!vtmfe!ofeptubulb! wb{evib@! wb{evib@! Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!npaf!eb!tf!vhv|j!v!twblp!hpej|xf!epcb! vtmfe!tmv•bkoph!jmj!obnfsoph!{buwbsbxb!lp|ojdf;!mfup!npaf!eb! tf!{buwpsj!oqs/!pe!ajwpujxf!lpkb! kf!tubmb!qsfe! xfhb!j!tb!{mpn! obnfspn!up!npaf!eb!vsbej!•pwfl/!V!uplv!{jnf!mfup!npaf!eb!tf! {bqv|j! pe! nsuwji! q•fmb! j! blp! ji! q•fmf! of! j{cbdf! ob! wsfnf-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! npaf! eb! vhjof! vtmfe! ofeptubulb! wb{evib/! Up! npaf!eb!tf!eftj!j!v!mfup-!blp!v!qfsjpev!j{hpob!usvupwb!q•fmbs! sf|j!eb!epeb-!v!esv|uwp!cf{!nbujdf!tb!wfmjljn!cspkfn!usvupwb-! nmbev! nbujdv! lpkb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! up! lbeb! v! qsjspej! ofnb! qb|f/! Nophb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! vhjov! pe! vhv|fxb! lpe! usbotqpsub! lp|ojdb! blp! v! xjnb! ojkf! pcf{cf}fob! epwprob! wfoujmbdjkb-! b! qsptups!{b!lsfubxf!q•fmb!kf!nbmj!j!ofvepcbo/!

! Tm/!46/!\fnb!epxfh!qspwfusbwbxb! ! 2/!plsf~v~b!qpmfubrlb<!3/!qsptups!{b!lsfubxf!q•fmb<! 4/!eop!lp|ojdf<!5/!aj•bob!nsfab<!6/!mfuwb!{b!{buwbsbxf! vmb{b!ob!{bexfn!efmv!qsptupsb!{b!lsfubxf!q•fmb! !

155


412/! Qp! •fnv! tf! sb{mjlvkf! epxb! j! qsfexb! wfoujmbdjkb! )qspwfusbwbxf*!lp|ojdf@! )qspwfusbwbxf*!lp|ojdf@! Lpe!epxf!wfoujmbdjkf!wb{evi!qspejsf!v!lp|ojdv!lsp{!eop-! b! lpe! qsfexf! lsp{! puwpsf! ob! nsfaj! npoujsbopk! ob! qsfexpk! tusboj! lp|ojdf/! Lpe! epxfh! qspwfusbwbxb! )tm/! 46*! v! tmpcpebo! qsptups! ob! eov! npaf! eb! tf! qptubwj! isbojmjdb! j! ublp! q•fmf! jnbkv!qsjtuvq!ep!xf/!Ubk!ob•jo!wfoujmbdjkf!nf}vujn!{biufwb…! ! ! !

Tm/!47/!\fnb!qsfexfh!qspwfusbwbxb! ! 2/!{b|ujub!qsptupsb!{b!lsfubxf!q•fmb!pe!tvo•fwji!{sblb! 3/!aj•bob!nsfab!v!qsptupsv!{b!lsfubxf!q•fmb! 4/!j{pmpwbob!qsfexb!tusbojdb!lp|ojdf! 5/!lbobm!{b!djslvmbdjkv!wb{evib! 6/!qpmfubrlb! 7/!hsboj•ojl!qpmfubrlf! 8/!qsbwbd!lsfubxb!q•fmb!qp!{buwbsbxv!qpmfubrlf! 9/!wsbubodb! :/!upqmpuob!j{pmbdjkb! 21/!tublmp!

156


! ! ! qpwfmjlv!wjtjov!lp|ojdf!j!ojkf!qphpebo!{b!tfmf~f!q•fmbsfxf!b! ptjn! uphb! kf! j! tmpafo! {b! j{sbev! j! {bup! tf! sfulp! lpsjtuj/! Lpe! qsfexfh! qspwfusbwbxb! )tm/! 47*-! lp|ojdb! tf! qspevavkf! obqsfe! tbnp!5!tn/!j!j{ewpkfoj!qsptups!kf!epcsp!{b|uj~fo!pe!qsfhsfwbxb! tvo•fwjn! {sbdjnb! b! lsp{! aj•bov! nsfav! pe! tqproji! vujdbkb/! Qsptub! lpotusvldjkb! j! ofqptupkbxf! pqbtoptuj! pe! vhv|fxb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! ublwpk! lp|ojdj-! epwfmp! kf! ep! |jsplf! qsjnfof!wfoujmbdjkf!ob!pwbk!ob•jo!v!Tmpwb•lpk/!! ! 413/!Lbeb!kf!nphv~f!eb!tf!pcsof!lp|ojdb!v!esvhpn!qsbwdv@! 413/!Lbeb!kf!nphv~f!eb!tf!pcsof!lp|ojdb!v!esvhpn!qsbwdv@ Obkqpwprojkf! wsfnf! {b! qspnfov! qsbwdb! mfub! q•fmb! kf! qfsjpe! qsfe! qswp! qspmf~op! pcmfubxf! jmj! penbi! qptmf! qsfnf|ubxb!lp|ojdb!ob!sbtupkbxf!of!nbxf!pe!6!ln/! ! !

Q•fmjxf!!tb~f! Q•fmjxf!!tb~f! ! 414/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!q•fmjxf!tb~f!j!lpmjlp!hb!wstub!jnb@! 414/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!q•fmjxf!tb~f!j!lpmjlp!hb!wstub!jnb@ Q•fmjxf!tb~f!tb!j{hsb}fojn!q•fmjxjn!~fmjkbnb!kf!pcj•op! qptubwrfop! v! sbnpwf/! [bwjtop! pe! uphb! tb! lpkjn! q•fmjxjn! qspj{wpepn!kf!qpqvxfop!pop!npaf!cjuj!tb!nfepn-!tb!qpmfopn-!tb! mfhmpn! jmj! lpncjopwbop! tb! nfepn! j! qpmfopn-! tb! mfhmpn! j! qpmfopn-! tb! mfhmpn! qpmfopn! j! nfepn/! Qsfnb! obnfoj! pop! npaf! eb! cvef! {b! ofhpwbxf! q•fmb! sbejmjdb-! usvupwb! j! lpncjopwbop/! Ptjn! uphb! jnb! tb~b! tb! hscbwjn! mfhmpn! )wjej! qjubxf! 297*! j! ofqsbwjmop!j{hsb}fop/! ! 415/! Lpkf! q•fmjxf! tb~f! tf! tnbusb! {b! tlpsp! opwp! j! lbeb! tf! lpsjtuj@! lpsjtuj@! [b! tlpsp! opwp! tf! tnbusb! tb~f! tb! avupn! j! avuplbgfopn! cpkpn! v! lpkfn! kf! peofhpwbop! tbnp! ewf! hfofsbdjkf! q•fmb/! Pop! tf!

157


dfoj! j! {bup! usfcb! nbsrjwp! eb! tf! •vwb/! Npaf! vtqf|op! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! lpe! {bnfof! tubsph! tb~b! v! lp|ojdj-! {bup! |up! v! xfhb! nbujdb!sbep!qpmbaf!kbkb-!b!q•fmf!tlmbej|uf!{bmjif!isbof/!Ptjn! uphb!up!tb~f!kf!nophp!qphpeop!{b!epqvov!obtubwblb!lp|ojdf!qsfe! qp•fubl! qb|f! tb! djrfn! eb! tf! qpkb•b! qspevlujwoptu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! ! 416/!Lpkb!tusbob!tbub!usfcb!eb!tf!tnbusb!qswb@! 416/!Lpkb!tusbob!tbub!usfcb!eb!tf!tnbusb!qswb@! [b! qswv! tusbov! tb~b! tf! v{jnb! pob! v! lpkv! kf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!qswp!{bqp•fmp!eb!tlmbej|uj!oflubs!jmj!qpmfo!j!hef!kf! nbujdb! obkqsf! qp•fmb! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb/! Blp! kf! tb~f! qpqvxfop! mfhmpn! tb! pcf! tusbof-! qswb! tusbob! ~f! cjuj! pob! tb! lpkf! ~f! tf! obkqsf! j{mf~j! nmbef! q•fmf/! Joufsftbouop! kf! eb! nbujdb! {bqp•jxf!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!ob!popk!tusboj!tb~b!lpkb!ojkf!v!sfev!tb! mfhmpn!esvhph!tb~b/!V!upn!tmv•bkv!{b!qswv!tusbov!of!npaf!eb!tf! v{nf! pob! tusbob! lpkb! kf! tvqspuob! pe! mfhmb/! V! obtubwlv! lp|ojdf! {b!qswv!tusbov!tf!v{jnb!pob!lpkb!kf!wj|f!qpqvxfob!nfepn/! ! 417/!\ub!kf!wp|ujob!)wptlpwbsjob*@! 417/!\ub!kf!wp|ujob!)wptlpwbsjob*@! Wptlpwbsjob! kf! ptububl! qptmf! qsfsbef! tb~b! j{! lphb! kf! wptbl! wf~! j{wv•fo! lvwbxfn! v! wpej-! jmj! qsfupqrbwbxfn! v! tvo•bopn-! qbsopn! jmj! fmflusj•opn! upqjpojlv/! Qptmf! upqrfxb! tb~b! v! wptlpwbsjoj! ptubkf! j{wftob! lpmj•job! wptlb! lpkb! tf! of! npaf! j{wv~j! ob! vpcj•bkfo! ob•jo/! Qpuqvop! npaf! eb! tf! j{wv•f! tbnp!ifnjktljn!qvufn!oqs/!lsp{!fltusbldjkv!tb!cfo{jopn/! ! 418/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!″ 418/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!″ejwrf″ ejwrf″!tb~f@! !tb~f@! ″Ejwrf″! tb~f! tv! j{hsbejmf! q•fmf! cf{! nf|bxb! •pwflb/! Ublwp! tb~f! j{hsb}vkf! twblj! spk! lpkj! tf! obtfmjp! v! qsfuipeop! ob}fop-! pe! q•fmb! j{wjeojdb-!tlmpoj|uf!)|vqrf!tubcmp! eswfub-! tufob-! qsb{ob! lp|ojdb-! hsbob! eswfub! j! es/*/! V! xjnb! q•fmf! j{hsb}vkv! tb~f! qpe! vhmpn! pe! 56°! ! qsfnb! mfuv! )vmb{v*! j! vwfl! v! vtqsbwopn! qpmpabkv/! V! ujn! vtmpwjnb! q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! j{hsbef!

158


oflpmjlp! tbupwb! v! pcmjlv! qbsbmfmoji! qmp•b! ! j! ob! kfeoblpn! sbtupkbxv!kfeob!pe!esvhf!)46!.!49!nn/*!lbp!v!lp|ojdj/! ! 419/! Lpkf! q•fmjxf! ~fmjkf! tv! qspevafof-! ! lbeb! tf! kbwrbkv! j! {b! |ub!tf!lpsjtuf@! |ub!tf!lpsjtuf@! Qspevafof!tv!pof!~fmjkf!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!lpkf!tv! evaf!pe! 24!nn/!Q•fmf!ji!j{hsb}vkv!lbeb!kf!sbtupkbxf!j{nf}v!tsfejob!tb~b! )ewb! tvtfeob! tbub*! wf~b! pe! 47! nn/! Tb~f! tb! j{evafojn! ~fmjkbnb! tf! qpkbwrvkf! v! obtubwdjnb! lp|ojdb! {bup! |up! q•fmbs! qptufqfop! vebrbwb! sbnpwf! kfebo! pe! esvhph-! epl! q•fmf! of! {buwpsf! nfe! v! xjnb/! Tb~f! qptubwrfop! ob! sbtupkbxv! ep! 61! nn/! lpsjtuj! tf! ebobt! v! lp|ojdbnb! tb! qpmvobtubwdjnb/! V! xfhb! nbujdb! of! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! {bup! kf! qptubwrbxf! Ibofnbopwf! sf|fulf! j{nf}v! qmpej|ub!j!obtubwlb!tbtwjn!ofqpusfcop/!Qptufqfop!vebrbwbxf! tb~b!v!obtubwlv!ob! sbtupkbxf!ep!:1!nn/!tf!lpsjtuj!{b!epcjkbxf! nfeb!!v!cpltftjnb/! ! 41:/!Lblp!tf!j{sb•vobwb!cspk!~fmjkb!ob!2!en/!lwbesbuopn!tb!pcf! 41:/!Lblp!tf!j{sb•vobwb!cspk!~fmjkb!ob!2!en/!lwbesbuopn!tb!pcf! tusbof!tb~b@! tusbof!tb~b@! Ob!sbnpwjnb!tb!wp|ubopn!ptopwpn!q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!tb~f!tb! pcf! tusbof/! [bup! lpe! pesf}jwbxb! cspkb! ~fmjkb! usfcb! eb! tf! vewpkj! qpws|job! j{hsb}foph! tb~b! j! qptmf! uphb! eb! tf! epcjkfob! wfmj•job! qpefmj! ob! qpws|jov! qpqsf•op! tf•fof! kfeof! ~fmjkf/! Lbp!sf{vmubu!epcj~f!tf!cspk!~fmjkb!tb! pcf!tusbof!tb~b/!Oqs/!eb! tf! j{sb•vob! cspk! ~fmjkb! ob! 2! en/! lwbesbuopn! qpws|jof! tb~b! usfcb!eb!j{ws|jnp!tmfef~v!nbufnbuj•lv!sbexv;!31/111!;!36-47!>! 899! ~fmjkb-! qsj! qpws|joj! lpe! qpqsf•op! tf•fof! kfeof! ~fmjkf!! 36-47!nn/!lwbesbuoji!)wjej!qjubxf!421!j!422*/! ! 421/!Lblp!tf!pesf}vkf!qpws|job!qpqsf•op!tf•fof!kfeof!q•fmjxf! ~fmjkf@! ~fmjkf@!

159


Blp!kf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!pesfej!qsptf•bo!cspk!~fmjkb!v!tb~v-! usfcb!qsf!uphb!eb!tf!j{sb•vob!qpws|job!qpqsf•op!tf•fof!kfeof! ~fmjkf/! Up! tf! ws|j! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo/! Wfmj•job! |jsjof! ~fmjkf! )qsf•ojl!vqjtbof!lsvaojdf!v!~fmjkj*!!tf!nopaj!jtupn!wfmj•jopn! j! epcjkfoj! cspk! tf! nopaj! tb! tjovtpn! vhmb! pe! 71°! ! )uk/! tb! cspkfn! 1-977*/! Ublp! oqs/! lpe! qsf•ojlb! ~fmjkf! 6-5! nn/! epcjkb! tf! tmfef~j! sf{vmubu;! 6-5! i! 6-5! i! 1-977! >! 36-47! nn/! lwbesbuoji-! uk/! qpws|job! qpqsf•op! tf•fof! ~fmjkf! kf! sbwob! lwbesbuv! qsf•ojlb! vqjtbof! lsvaojdf! qpnopafof!tjovtpn!vhmb!71°/! ! 422/! Lblp! tf! pesf}vkf! ub•bo! qsf•ojl! ~fmjkf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! ~fmjkf!q•fmf!sbejmjdf@! [b! ub•op! pesf}jwbxf! qsf•ojlb! ~fmjkf!)uk/!qsf•ojlb!lsvaojdf!vqjtbof! v! xv*! usfcb! eb! tf! j{nfsj! evajob! )v! njmjnfusjnb*! 21! ~fmjkb! sbtqpsf}foji! kfeob!ep!esvhf!j!epcjkfob!wfmj•job!eb! tf! qpefmj! tb! 21/! Oqs/! evajob! 21! ~fmjkb! kf! ub•op! 65! nn<! lbeb! tf! up! qpefmj! tb! 21! epcj~f! tf! qsf•ojl! vqjtbof!lsvaojdf!v!~fmjkj!.!6-5nn/! ! 423/! Lblp! usfcb! eb! tf! plsf~v! plsf~v! sbnpwj! tb!tb~fn!qsj!qsfhmfev!lp|ojdf@! tb!tb~fn!qsj!qsfhmfev!lp|ojdf@! Qptmf! wb}fxb! sbnb! j{! lp|ojdf! po! usfcb! eb! tf! esaj! v! qpmpabkv! p{ob•fopn!tb!qp{jdjkpn!j!ob!tmjdj!48/! Qptmf! uphb! sbn! tf! qptubwrb! ublp! eb! Tm/!48/! nv! hpsxb! tusbob! cvef! v! wfsujlbmopn! Ob•jo!plsfubxb! qpmpabkv! )qp{jdjkb! JJ*/! Qsj! upnf! sbnb!qsj!qsfhmfev! eftopn!svlpn!qsjesabwbnp!sbnf!)lsbk! lp|ojdf/

160


sbnb*! pep{hp! b! mfwpn! sbnf! lpkf! kf! epmf/! V! upn! qpmpabkv! sbn! tf! {bwsuj!plp!tbupop|f!ob!esvhv!tusbov!)qp{jdjkb!JJJ*/!J{!qp{jdjkf!JJJ! usfcb! eb! qsf}f! v! qp{jdjkv! JW! j! qsj! upnf! pcf! svlf! ep}v! lbp! v! qp{jdjkj!J/! ! 424/!Lblp!tf!q•fmf!vlmbxbkv!tb!tb~b!j!lbeb!nphv!eb!tf!tusftbkv@ 424/!Lblp!tf!q•fmf!vlmbxbkv!tb!tb~b!j!lbeb!nphv!eb!tf!tusftbkv@! b~b!j!lbeb!nphv!eb!tf!tusftbkv@! Q•fmf! usfcb! eb! tf! csj|v! b! ojlblp! eb! tf! tusftbkv! tb! sbnpwb! tb! mfhmpn-! {bup! |up! qsj! p|usjn! qplsfujnb! {buwpsfop! mfhmp!lpkf!kf!v!qspdftv!qsfpcsbabkb!j{!mvulf!v!jnbhp!npaf!eb!tf! qpwsfej/! Q•fmf! nphv! eb! tf! tusftbkv! tb! sbnpwb! tb! {buwpsfojn! nfepn!eb!cj!tf!qsjqsfnjmj!cs{p!{b!ebrj!qptbp/! ! 425/! Lpkj! j! lpmjlj! cspk! sbnpwb! npaf! eb! tf! qsfnftuj! j{! qmpej|ub!v!nfej|uf@! qmpej|ub!v!nfej|uf@! Cf{! sj{jlb! eb! tf! tqsf•j! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! j{! qmpej|ub! v! nfej|uf! npaf! eb! tf! qsfnftuj! obkwj|f! 4! sbnb! tb! {buwpsfojn! mfhmpn/! Pwp! tf! sbej! pcbwf{op! lbeb! tf! afmj! eb! tf! qsp|jsj! qmpej|uf/! Nf}v!ewb! pe! xji! npaf!eb! tf!qptubwj! kfebo! sbn!tb!puwpsfojn!mfhmpn!lpkj!npaf!eb!cvef!efgpsnjtbo-!tubs!j! tm/! Ob! nftup! j{wb}foji! sbnpwb! j{! qmpej|ub! qptubwrbkv! tf! sbnpwj!tb!tbuopn!ptopwpn!)tnbusbnp!eb!kf!cprf!kfebo!ep!esvhph! j!tb!kfeoph!lsbkb*/!! ! 426/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! qp! sbnv! hsb}fwxblv! eb! tv! qmpej|oj!sbnpwj!ptubsfmj@! qmpej|oj!sbnpwj!ptubsfmj@! V! bqsjmv! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! j{hsb}vkv! v! sbnv! hsb}fwxblv! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf/! Blp! tv! ptopwf! uji! ~fmjkb! lbgfof! jmj! ubnop! lbgfof! up! qplb{vkf! eb! kf! wptbl! v! qmpej|uv! tubs! )q•fmf! hsbef! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! pe! wptlb! lpkj! v{jnbkv! pe! ptubublb! tubsph! tb~b! {bup! |up! kp|! ojtv! qspj{wfmf! tbnf! epwprov! lpmj•jov! xfhb*/! Lbeb! blujwoptu! wp|uboji! amf{eb-! lpe! qpwf~bxb! cspkb! nmbeji! q•fmb-! pkb•b-! sbtuf! j! cspk! ~fmjkb! j{hsb}foji! pe! opwph! wptlb! )•jtuph*! j! {bup! tv! cfmf/! Fup! {b|up-! evhp! lpsj|~fxf! qmpej|oji! sbnpwb!npaf!eb!tf!pesfej!qp!cpkj!j{hsb}foji!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb/!

161


! 427/!Lbeb!ojkf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!Ibofnbopwb!sf|fulb@!! 427/!Lbeb!ojkf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!Ibofnbopwb!sf|fulb@ Blp!{b!nfej|uf!lpsjtujnp!sbnpwf!•jkj!vlvqbo!cspk!~fmjkb! tb! pcf! tusbof! kf! nbxj! pe! 817! ob! 2! en/! lwbesbuopn-! v! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! ojkf! ofpqipeop! qptubwjuj! Ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv-! {bup! |up! nbujdb! of~f! eb! qpmpaj! kbkb! v! wfmjlf! ~fmjkf! epl! of! qpqvoj! dfp!qsptups!v!qmpej|uv/!! ! 428/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!tf!tb•vwb!lpe!q•fmb!jotujolu!{b!j{hsbexv! 428/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!tf!tb•vwb!lpe!q•fmb!jotujolu!{b!j{hsbexv! tb~b@! tb~b@! !Jotujolu! hsbexf! lpe! q•fmb! pcj•op! tf! qplb{vkf! pe! tsfejof! bqsjmb! ep! lsbkb! bwhvtub/! Ob! xfhpw! qspevafubl! v! qspmf~f! j! kftfo! npaf! eb! vuj•f! q•fmbs/! Ublp! ob! qsjnfs-! qptmfexfh! ebob! bwhvtub! pcsb{pwbo! kf! spk! tb! nmbepn! pqmp}fopn! nbujdpn! j! obtfrfob! kf! lp|ojdb! v! lpkpk! kf! cjmp! tbnp! ewf! tbuof! ptopwf/! Qptmf! pcjmoph! qsjisbxjwbxb! q•fmf! tv! j{hsbejmf! twp! tb~f/! Nbujdb! kf! v! xji! qpmpajmb! kbkb! j! q•fmf! tv! peofhpwbmf! mfhmp/! V! tmfef~pk! hpejoj! up! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! kf! jnbmp! wsmp! wjtplv!qspevlujwoptu/! ! 429/! Lbeb! j! ob! ob! lpkf! nftup! tf! qptubwrb! qswj! sbn! tb! tbuopn! ptopwpn@! ptopwpn@! Qswj!sbn!tb!tbuopn! ptopwpn!qptubwrb!tf!v!lp|ojdv!lbeb! tf!qpkbwj!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!jotujolu!{b!j{hsbexv!tb~b-!jup!v! ublwpn! tufqfov! eb! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! hb! j{hsb}vkv! penbi! qptmf! qptubwrbxb! tbuof! ptopwf/Sbn! tf! qptubwrb! j{nf}v! sbnb! tb! mfhmpn!j!qpmfopwph!qsbib/!! ! 42:/! Lbeb! tbuob! ptopwb! npaf! eb! tf! qptubwj! j{nf}v! sbnpwb! tb! mfhmpn@! mfhmpn@! Tbuob! ptopwb! npaf! eb! tf! qptubwj! j{nf}v! sbnpwb! tb! mfhmpn! lbeb! kf! jotujolu! {b! j{hsbexv! tb~b! lpe! q•fmb! sb{wjkfo! qpuqvop/!Up!pcj•op!cvef!qp•fulpn!nbkb/!Tbuob!ptopwb!tf!qptubwj! j{nf}v!ewb!sbnb!tb!{buwpsfojn!mfhmpn/!J{mfafof!nmbef!q•fmf!

162


cs{p! j{hsb~vkv! tbuof! ptopwf! b! nbujdb! qpmbaf! kbkb! v! j{hsb}fof! ~fmjkf/!Qsj!upnf!tf!cjpmp|lb!dfmjob!of!obsv|bwb-![bup!|up!cj! nbujdb!j!job•f!qpmbhbmb!kbkb!v!~fmjkf!j{!lpkji!tv!j{b|mf!nmbef! q•fmf/! ! 431/!Lblp!tf!pcsb{vkv!puwpsj!v!qmpej|opn!tb~v!j!•fnv!tmvaf@! 431/!Lblp!tf!pcsb{vkv!puwpsj!v!qmpej|opn!tb~v!j!•fnv!tmvaf@! Puwpsj! v! qmpej|opn! tb~v! tf! pcsb{vkv-! wfspwbuop! pe! uphb-! |up! qsj! wb}fxv! qpmfob! q•fmf! ofobnfsop! p|ufuf! eop! ~fmjkf/! Pof! of! {buwbsbkv! puwpsf-! •bl! ji! j! qpwf~bwbkv/! Eob! ~fmjkb! npaf! eb!p|ufuj!j!wptlpw!nprbd/!Blp!qp!tsfejoj!tbub!pulsjkfnp!kfebo! jmj! ewb! ublwb! puwpsb-! npaf! eb! tf! qsfuqptubwj! eb! poj! ojtv! obtubmj! tmv•bkop! j! eb! tv! ptubwrfoj! obnfsop! pe! tusbof! q•fmb! lbp!qspmb{oj!uvofm-!){b!tlsb~jwbxf!qvub*!lb!{bmjibnb!nfeb!ob! tvtfeopn! tbuv/! Ub! qpkbwb! v! qpob|bxv! jotflbub! tf! j{lpsj|~bwb! pe! oflji! q•fmbsb! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! qptmf! qsjisbxjwbxb! poj! qbarjwp! qspcpev! )tb! {bp|usfopn! •b•lbmjdpn*! tb~f! tb! {buwpsfojn! nfepn! cmj{v! nftub! hef! ~f! eb! tf! pcsb{vkf! {jntlp! lmvcf! )wjej! qjubxf! 314*-! eb! ofcj! vhjovmp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! pe! hmbej!{jnj/! ! 432/!\ub!kf!cprf!eb!tf!qptubwrb-!opwf!jmj!tubsf!tbuof!ptopwf@!! 432/!\ub!kf!cprf!eb!tf!qptubwrb-!opwf!jmj!tubsf!tbuof!ptopwf@ Tbuof! ptopwf! lpkf! tv! tubkbmf! v! nbhbdjov! oflpmjlp! nftfdj! tv! epcsf! j! q•fmf! ob! xjnb! j{hsb}vkv! qsbwjmof! ~fmjkf/! [bup! v! lp|ojdv! usfcb! qptubwrbuj! tubsf-! pemfabmf-! ptopwf/! Tbuof! ptopwf! j{! qsfuipeof! hpejof! pcj•op! tv! qsflsjwfof! tjwlbtupn! tlsbnpn!j!{bup!ji!usfcb!qsf!lpsj|~fxb!tubwjuj!oflpmjmp!tbuj! ob! upqmp! nftup! jmj! 21! –.26! njovub! ob! tvodf-! eb! tf! pwb! tlsbnb! j{hvcj/! ! 433/! [b|up! q•fmf! ofwprop! lpsjtuf! tbuof! ptopwf! lpkf! ojtv! ojtv! ephsb}fof!qsfuipeof!hpejof@! ephsb}fof!qsfuipeof!hpejof@! Q•fmf! v•ws|~vkv! lsbkfwf! ob! j{hsb}fojn! ~fmjkbnb! tb! qspqpmjtpn! )lpkj! tf! upqj! ob! wj|pk! ufnqfsbuvsj! ofhp! wptbl*/! [bup-! lbeb! tf! lsbkfwj! uji! ~fmjkb! j{sfav! )wsv~jn! opafn! jmj!

163


jotusvnfoupn! {b! puwbsbxf! ~fmjkb*-! q•fmf! penbi! qp•jxv! eb! ephsb}vkv!~fmjkf/!Lbtop!v!mfup!j!v!kftfo!pof!j{cfhbwbkv!eb!hsbef! opwp!tb~f/! ! 434/! Lblwp! usfcb! eb! cvef! sbtupkbxf! j{nf}v! tsfejof! sbnpwb! qmpej|ub@! qmpej|ub@! Blp! kf! evajob! ufmb! twblf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! 23! .! 26! nn/! b! usvub!29!nn/!efcrjob!q•fmjxfh!tb~b!usfcb!eb!cvef!obknbxf!35! nn/! b! lpe! usvupwtlph! tb~b! 3:! nn/! Qsfnb! tuboebsev! kf! vuws}fop! sbtupkbxf!j{nf}v!tsfejob!)ewb!tvtfeob!sbnb*!46! nn/!)tm/49*/!Up! nf}vujn! ojkf! qphpeop! {b! j{hsbexv! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! {b! lpkf! usfcb! eb! kf! 4:! nn/! [bup! |up! v! qmpej|uv! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! {bv{jnbkv! obkwj|f! 21&! pe! vlvqof! qpws|jof-! sbtupkbxf! j{nf}v! tsfejob!{b!uf!~fmjkf!npaf!eb!tf!of! sb•vob/! V! lp|ojdbnb! j{sb}fojn! v! Tmpwb•lpk! jnb! u{w/! nbojqvmbdjpop! )sbeop*! qsp{ps•f! v! lpkfn! q•fmf! nphv! njsop! eb! j{hsb}vkv! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf/!Vuws}fop!sbtupkbxf!j{nf}v! tsfejob! sbnpwb! 46! nn/! kf! epxb! hsbojdb! hef! tf! epqv|ub! qsp|jsjwbxf!obkwj|f!4!nn/!bmj!of! wj|f/! ! ! Tm/!49/!sbtupkbxf!j{nf}v!tsfejof!{jepwb! ! ewb!tvtfeob!sbnb! ! ! ! 2/!hpsxb!mfuwb!sbnb! ! 3/!cp•ob!mfuwb!sbnb! ! 4/!sbtupkbxf!j{nf}v!tsfejof!{jepwb! ! 5/!epxb!mfuwb!sbnb! !

164


435/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!q•fmf!qsphsj{bkv!tbuof!ptopwf@! 435/!Lbeb!j!{b|up!q•fmf!qsphsj{bkv!tbuof!ptopwf@! Blp!sbnpwf!tb!tbuojn!ptopwbnb!qptubwjnp!v!qfsjpev!lbeb! v! qsjspej! ofnb! qb|f-! b! v! lp|ojdj! ofnb! sf{fswf! isbof-! q•fmf! qsphsj{bkv! tbuof! ptopwf! qp! qfsjgfsjkj! j! plp! ajdf/! Up! npaf!eb! tf! eftj! j! blp! v! wptbl! pesf}fo! {b! qspj{wpexv! tbuoji! ptopwb! epebnp! fltusbipwbo! wptbl/! J{hsbexb! tbuoji! ptopwb! {bwjtj! pe! lpmj•jof!epofuji!qspevlbub/!Blp!ofnb!oflubsb! q•fmf!usfcb!eb! tf! qsjisbxvkv! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! eb! ofcj! qsphsj{bmf! tbuof! ptopwf/! ! 436/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nfej|oj!obtubwbl!ob!lp|ojdv@! 436/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nfej|oj!obtubwbl!ob!lp|ojdv@! Obkqphpeojkf! wsfnf!{b!qptubwrbxf!nfej|oph!obtubwlb!ob! lp|ojdv! kf! lbeb! q•fmf! qp•ov! eb! pehbkbkv! mfhmp! ob! qptmfexfn! sbnv/!)Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!of!usfcb!eb!cvef!tuf|xfop!{bup!|up!up! wpej!lb!spkfxv*/Obtubwbl!tf!qptubwrb!obklbtojkf!lbeb!qspdwfub! qswj! dwfu! cbhsfnb/! Blp! ep! ubeb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! ojkf! cjmp! qsjqsfnrfop! uk/! ojkf! qptubmp! kblp! eb! cj! tf! pe! xfhb! epcjmb! epwprob! lpmj•job! nfeb-! usfcb! hb! qpkb•buj! tb! q•fmbnb! j{mfuojdbnb! )obmfupn*-! tb! sbnpwjnb! tb!{buwpsfojn! mfhmpn! jmj! tqbkbxfn!esv|ubwb/! ! 437/!\ub!{ob•j!qpqvxbwbxf!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!nfepn@! 437/!\ub!{ob•j!qpqvxbwbxf!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!nfepn@ Qsjtvtuwp! nfeb! v! usvupwtljn! ~fmjkbnb! kf! {obl! qpkb•boph! voptb!oflubsb!pe!tusbof!q•fmb!j!qp•fubl!qb|f/!V!upn!tmv•bkv!v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! qsfpwmbebwb! jotujolu! {b! tblvqrbxf! j! obhpnjmbwbxf!isbof!b!jotujolu!{b!spkfxf!tmbcj/![cph!uphb!wj|f! ojkf! ofpqipeop! j{sf{jwbxf! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! ofhp! usfcb! sfepwop!epebwbuj!tbuof!ptopwf!v!nfej|uf/! ! 438/! \ub! p{ob•bwb! joufo{jwob! j{hsbexb! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! v! wsiv!tbuof!ptopwf@! siv!tbuof!ptopwf@! Joufo{jwob! j{hsbexb! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! kf! {obl! qp•fulb! qb|f!b!jtup!j!vwf~bwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-!lpkf!wf~!jnb!nophp! fofshjkf-! lpkv! usfcb! jtlpsjtujuj! ob! obkqphpeojkj! ob•jo/! Fup!

165


{b|up!v!up!wsfnf!usfcb!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!ofqsfljeop!j{sf{jwbuj! •bl! j! lbeb! v! xjnb! jnb! qpmpafoji! kbkb/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! ~f! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! cjuj! qsjov}fof! eb! j{hsbef! nbltjnbmbo! cspk! ~fmjkb! b! tbnjn! ujn! epcj~f! tf! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! wptlb! b! pehpwbsbkv~f! upnf!j!wf~f!lpmj•jof!nfeb/! ! 439/!Tb!lblwjn!wptlpn!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!qpqvxfof!~fmjkf!nfepn@ 439/!Tb!lblwjn!wptlpn!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!qpqvxfof!~fmjkf!nfepn@! f!nfepn@! V! qfsjpev! hmbwof! qb|f-! lbeb! kf! blujwoptu! wp|uboji! amf{eb! obkwf~b-! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! {buwbsbkv! nfe! tb! wptlpn! tpqtuwfof! qspj{wpexf/! Qptmf! qb|f! {b! up! lpsjtuf! wptbl! j{! sf{fswj!v!lp|ojdj/!Ub!tf!sb{mjlb!wjej!j!qp!cpkj!{buwpsfoph!tb~b! .!qplmpqdj!pe!twfaf!qspj{wfefoph!wptlb!tv!cfmj!b!poj!pe!wptlb! tblvqrfoph!v!lp|ojdj!!.!!–!lbgfolbtuj/! ! 43:/!Lpkb!kf!obksfoubcjmojkb!qpws|job!tb~b!v!qmpej|uv@! 43:/!Lpkb!kf!obksfoubcjmojkb!qpws|job!tb~b!v!qmpej|uv@! V! Tmpwb•lpk! nophp! hpejob! tf! lpsjtuf! ewb! ujqb! lp|ojdb! .–! ujq!C!j!ujq!KV-!lpe!lpkji!tv!sbnpwj!kfeoblj!qp!qpws|joj/!Qsbltb! kf! qplb{bmb! eb! qptmf! qpuqvoph! sb{wpkb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! lp|ojdb! ujqb! C! tb! :! sbnpwb! tf! qplb{bmb! nbmb! b! tb! 22! sbnpwb! ofsfoubcjmop! wfmjlb/! Lpe! qswf! wbsjkbouf! ! )tb! :! sbnpwb*-! kbwrb! tf! spkfxf! b! lpe! esvhf! )tb! 22! sbnpwb*! lpmj•job! qspj{wfefoph! nfeb! kf! nbmb/! Fup! {b|up! kf! cspk! sbnpwb! vuws}fo! ob! 21! lblp! {b! lp|ojdf! ujqb! C! ublp! j! {b! lp|ojdf! ujqb! KV/! [bup! |up! kf! qpws|job! kfeoph! sbnb! sbwop! 21! en/! lwbesbuoji-! up! kf! qpws|job! sbnpwb! v! qmpej|uv! lpe! pcb! ujqb! lp|ojdf! 211! en/! lwbesbuoji/! Jtuf!sb{nfsf!tv!jn!j!lpe!nfej|ub/! ! 441/!Lbeb!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!mfhmp@ 441/!Lbeb!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!mfhmp@! eb!q•fmf!{buwbsbkv!mfhmp@! Q•fmf! {buwbsbkv! mfhmp! lbeb! nmbef! q•fmf! qsftubov! eb! hb! isbof! jmj! ub•ojkf! lbeb! aesfmof! amf{ef! qsftubov! eb! jn! mv•f! tflsfu! )nmf•*/! Ubk! npnfobu! obtuvqb! lbeb! kf! mbswb! wf~! tbwjkfob! ob!eov!~fmjkf!j!lbeb!kf!jtqvxbwb!dfmv!twpkjn!ufmpn/!Lpe!mbswf! nbujdf! up! cjwb! 9/! ebo-lpe! mbswf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! :/! ebo-! blpe!

166


mbswf! usvub! 24/! ebo! qptmf! qpmbhbxb! kbkb/! Qptmf! {buwbsbxb! ~fmjkf!mbswb!tf!jtqsbwj!j!qp•jxf!eb!qsfef!•bvsv/! ! 442/! Ob! lblbw! ob•jo! v! qmpej|uv! tf! pesabwb! tubcjmbo! peopt! j{nf}v!cspkb!~fmjkb!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!j!usvupwb@ j{nf}v!cspkb!~fmjkb!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!j!usvupwb@! sbejmjdb!j!usvupwb@! Blp! tf! {ob! eb! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! usfcb! eb! •jof! 2021! efp! vlvqof! qpws|jof! qmpej|ub-! ubk! peopt! npaf! mblp! eb! tf! tb•vwb! lbeb! tf! qptubwj! sbn! hsb}fwxbl! )qsb{bo! sbn! tb! qptubwrfopn! usblpn!tbuof!ptopwf*!v!lsbk!qmpej|ub/!Pwbk!ob•jo!kf!qphpebo!j!{b! lp|ojdf!tb!21!sbnpwb/! ! 443/! [b|up! q•fmf! j{hsb}vkv! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! v! epxfn! efmv! tb~b@! tb~b@! Q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf!!v!epxfn!efmv!tb~b!{bup-! |up! v! wsfnf! lbeb! ofhvkv! usvupwf! )esvhb! qpmpwjob! qspmf~b! j! mfup*-!tqprb|xb!ufnqfsbuvsb!tf!qpwf~bmb!j!ofnb!pqbtoptuj!{b! sb{wpk! mfhmb-! •bl! j! v! epxfn! efmv! tb~b/! Mfhmp! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! lpkf! q•fmf! ofhvkv! v! qspmf~f! )lbeb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! ojtlb*-! lpodfousjtbop! kf! v! hpsxfn! efmv! tb~b! hef! v! upn! qfsjpev! q•fmf! mblp! pesabwbkv! ofpqipeov! ufnqfsbuvsv/! Qsfnb! upnf! sb{mj•jup! nftup! sbtqpsfeb! usvupwtlph! mfhmb! ! j! mfhmb! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! {bwjtj!j!pe!hpej|xf!tf{pof/! ! 444/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!•vwbkv!sf{fswof!tbuof!ptopwf@! 444/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!•vwbkv!sf{fswof!tbuof!ptopwf@! Eb! lwbmjufu! tbuoji! ptopwb! of! tmbcj! lbeb! tf! •vwbkv! evaf! wsfnf-! usfcb! eb! tf! vwjkv! v! ibsujkv! j! •vwbkv! ob! ubnopn-! tvwpn! j! •jtupn! nftuv! hef! ofnb! tusboji! njsjtb/! Qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! qsf! lpsj|~fxb!eb!tf!ibsujkb!petusboj!j!ptopwf!eb!tf!qptubwf!21!! .!! 26!njovub!ob!tvodf!qsj!•fnv!ptopwb!qpubnoj/! ! 445/!Nphv!mj!v!lp|ojdv!eb!tf!qptubwrbkv!ptopwf!lpkf!kf!p|ufujp! nj|@! nj|@! Blp!tv!tbuof!ptopwf!opwf!j!tbnp!ji!kf!efmjnj•op!p|ufujp! nj|-!pof!nphv!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuf!lbeb!tf!qsfeipeop!pqfsv!wpepn!j!

167


epcsp!ptv|f/!Qsfqpsv•vkf!tf!eb!tf!qsj!qsbxv!lpsjtuj!wpeb!lpkpk! kf! epebu! lbmjkfw! qfsnbohbobu! b! qpupn! eb! tf! jtqfsf! •jtupn! wpepn/!Bmj!obkcprf!kf!eb!tf!v!lp|ojdv!qptubwrbkv!tbnp!{esbwf! tbuof!ptopwf/!! ! 446/! Vuj•f! mj! nf|bxf! q•fmbsb! v! ajwpu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! ob! lpmj•jov!qspj{wfefoph!nfeb@! lpmj•jov!qspj{wfefoph!nfeb@! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb! nf|bxf! q•fmbsb! of! tuwbsb! v{ofnjsfoptu! lpe! q•fmb-! |up! tf! uj•f! xjipwph! j{mfubxb! j{! lp|ojdf! j! wsb~bxb! v! xv/! Qptupkf~f! hmfej|uf-! eb! pcj•bo! qsfhmfe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!!p{ob•bwb!kfebo!ebo!hvcjulb!qb|f-!kf! ofptopwbop/! Qpmfubxb! {b! tblvqrbxf! qpmfob! j! oflubsb! of! tnbxvkv! tf! •bl! j! lpe! hvcjulb! jmj! evafh! petvtuwb! nbujdf/! J{nfsfof-!jtusf|fof!!j!wsb~fof!v!lp|ojdv-!q•fmf!tnbxvkv!twpkb! qpmfubxb!pe!21!.!41!njovub!b!tbnp!v!j{v{fuojn!tmv•bkfwjnb!ep!3! •btb/! Qsj! pcj•opn! qsfhmfev! qmpej|ub! j! nfej|ub! ojkf! vuws}fo! vujdbk! ob! j{mfubxf! q•fmb/! Up! tf! qpuws}vkf! j! v! qsbltj! tfmf~fh! q•fmbsfxb! v! lpnf! tf! v! {obuopk! nfsj! obsv|bwb! ajwpu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! nb! eb! blp! v! qsjspej! jnb! qb|f-! lpmj•job! epofuph! oflubsb!•bl!j!v!ebof!qsfnf|ubxb!eptujaf!oflpmjlp!ljmphsbnb/! Qsfnb! tubspk! ufpsjkj! lpmj•job! oflubsb! cj! usfcbmp! eb! tf! tnbxvkf!qsj!qsfnf|ubxv!q•fmjxblb/! ! 447/!Lbeb!nfxbuj!tb~f!v!lp|ojdj@! 447/!Lbeb!nfxbuj!tb~f!v!lp|ojdj@! [bcmveb! kf! eb! ofnfxbxfn! tb~b! |ufejnp! ob! lvqpwjoj! tbuoji! ptopwb! j! eb! tb~f! npaf! eb! tmvaj! wj|f! hpejob/! V! tubspn! tb~v! tf! mfhv! tjuof! q•fmf! {cph! ptubublb! lp|vrjdb! j! j{nfub! qsfuipeoji! hfofsbdjkb! q•fmb/! Tubsp! tb~f! npaf! eb! cvef! j{wps! {bsb{oji! pcprfxb-! kfs! tf! v! xfnv! {besabwbkv! tqpsf! sb{oji! j{b{jwb•b! {bsb{oji! cpmftuj/! Tb~f! usfcb! nfxbuj! qp! 204! sbnpwb! twblf!hpejof!b!kp|!kf!cprf!nfxbuj!½203!tb~b!hpej|xf!v!lp|ojdj/!! ! ! !

168


Q•fmbstlb!!hpejob! Q•fmbstlb!!hpejob! ! 448/!Pe!lbeb!qp•jxf!q•fmbstlb!hpejob@!! 448/!Pe!lbeb!qp•jxf!q•fmbstlb!hpejob@!! V! bwhvtuv! tf! {bws|bwb! tubsb! j! qp•jxf! opwb! q•fmbstlb! hpejob/!Q•fmf!lpkf!tf!j{mfhv!v!upn!nftfdv!qsfajwrbwbkv!{jnv!j! {bup!v!upn!qfsjpev!usfcb!eb!tf!pcsbuj!wfmjlb! qbaxb!ob!tubxf! nbujdf! j! ptjhvsbxf! sf{fswf! isbof! v! lp|ojdj/! Lwbmjufuob! nbujdb! j! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! sf{fswj! isbof! tv! hbsbodjkb! {b! epcsp! qsf{jnrbwbxf!j!epcbs!qp•fubl!{b!tmfef~v!tf{pov/! !

Kftfo! Kftfo! ! 449/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!sf{fswbnb!isbof!{b!q•fmf!j!lpkj!kf! sb{mph!qpkbwb!ofqpusfcoji!lpmj•job!xf!v!lp|ojdj@! sb{mph!qpkbwb!ofqpusfcoji!lpmj•job!xf!v!lp|ojdj@! Qpe!sf{fswbnb!isbof!{b!q•fmf!qpesb{vnfwbkv!tf!lpmj•jof! nfeb! j! qpmfob! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! v! lp|ojdj/! [b! opsnbmop! qsf{jnrbwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-!nfeb!usfcb!eb!jnb!plp!23!lh/! Qsjtvtuwp! wf~f! lpmj•jof! nfeb! v! kftfo! kf! {obl! {b! up-! eb! kf! v! qfsjpev!qb|f!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!cjp!qsflje!v!sb{wpkv-!jmj!tv! q•fmf!epcjmf!ubk!nfe!v!lsb}j!)wjej!qjubxf!36-!455!j!456*/! ! 44:/!Ob!|ub!usfcb!pcsbujuj!qbaxv!lpe!qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmjxfh! 44:/!Ob!|ub!usfcb!pcsbujuj!qbaxv!lpe!qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!{b!{jnv@! esv|uwb!{b!{jnv@! Fofshjkb! tubsji! q•fmb! )j{mfafoji! qsf! bwhvtub*-! usfcb! eb! tf!jtlpsjtuj!{b!jowfsupwbxf!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb!vofuph!v!lp|ojdv! {b! qsjisbxjwbxf-! {bup! |up! wf~job! pe! xji! of~f! epajwfuj! ep! {jnf/! )Qsj! qsfsbej! isbof! pof! tf! jtusp|f! j! vhjov*/! [b! epcsp! jowfsupwbxf! |f~fsb! j! {buwbsbxf! isbof! v! tb~v! ofpqipeop! kf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qsjisbxjwbuj! ep! lsbkb! tfqufncsb/! Blp! tf! qsjisbob! qspevaj! j! lbtojkf-! v! qspdftv! qsfsbef! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb-! v{f~f! v•f|~f! j! nmbef! q•fmf! lpkf! ~f! tf! qsfwsfnfop! jtusp|juj!j!tlsbujuj!ajwpu/!Lbp!sf{vmubu!v!qspmf~f!of~f!jnbuj! eptub! q•fmb! {b! hsfkbxf! mfhmb! j! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp! ~f! eb! ptmbcj! )wjej!qjubxf!496*/!

169


! 451/!V!lpkjn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!oftubkf!qpmfo!v!lp|ojdj!qsfe! {jnv@! {jnv@! Qpmfo! oftubkf! v! lp|ojdj! lpe! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! tb! nmbepn!nbujdpn-!lpkb!joufo{jwop!optj!kbkb!ep!lbtof!kftfoj/!Qsj! upnf! twf! sf{fswf! qpmfob! tf! jtlpsjtuf! pe! q•fmb! {b! ofhpwbxf! mfhmb/! ! 452/! Ep! •fhb! epwpef! wfmjlf! sf{fswf! qpmfob! v! ~fmjkbnb! tb~b! v! kftfo@! kftfo@! V!kftfo!wfmjlf!sf{fswf!qpmfob!jnbkv!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!tb! tubspn!nbujdpn-!lpkb!qpmbaf!nbmp!kbkb!j!qpusfcf!{b!qpmfopn!{b! ofhpwbxf! mfhmb! tv! of{obuof/! Qpmfo! ptubkf! v! tb~v! lbp! sf{fswb! lpkb! kf! ofpqipeob! {b! qspmf~f/! Qsjtvtuwp! wj|f! isbof! {b! mbswf! v! qspmf~f!epwpej!ep!cs{ph!kb•bxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!j!v!xfnv!tf! cs{p!kbwrb!jotujolu!{b!spkfxf/! ! 453/! Eb! mj! kf! kf! qsbwjmop! eb! tf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qsjisbxvkf! tb! wfmjljn!ep{bnb!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb@! wfmjljn!ep{bnb!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb@! Lpe! joufo{jwof! qsjisbof! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! tb! wfmjljn! ep{bnb! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb-! q•fmf! ~f! jtqvojuj! tb~f! tb! isbopn! v! ublwpk!nfsj-!eb!~f!qp•fuj!eb!j{optf!j{!~fmjkb!kbkb!j!mfhmp!lpkf!tf! obmb{j! ob! qfsjgfsjkj! tb~b/[bup! blp! v! upn! qfsjpev! of! usfcb! eb! tf! phsboj•j! lpmj•job! mfhmb-! of! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! lpe! kfeoph! qsjisbxjwbxb!ebuj!wj|f!pe!3!m/!tjsvqb/! ! 454/! Lblwb! usfcb! eb! cvef! lpodfousbdjkb! tjsvqb! {b! epqvov! sf{fswf!isbof!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!{b!{jnv@! sf{fswf!isbof!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!{b!{jnv@! Sf{fswf! isbof! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! {b! {jnv! usfcb! eb! tf! epqvof! tb! sbtuwpspn! ublwf! lpodfousbdjkf-! eb! qspdft! jowfsupwbxb! |f~fsb! qspuj•f! opsnbmop! uk/! eb! q•fmf! nphv! eb! jtqbsbwbkv! qp! nbmv! lpmj•jov! tvwj|of! wpef-! b! wfspwbuop~b! lsjtubmj{bdjkf! isbof! eb! tf! twfef! ob! njojnvn/! Qp! nj|rfxv! Twpcpef!up!npaf!eb!tf!qptujhof!lpe!peoptb!|f~fsb!j!wpef!5!;!4<!

170


6!;!5<!21!;!8<!jmj!4!;!3/!Of!epqvxbwbkv!tf!sf{fswf!isbof!tb!tjsvqpn! lpodfousbdjkf!nbxf!pe!2!;!2/! ! 455/! Lbeb! j! lpmjlp! usfcb! tv{juj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qsfe! {b{jnrbwbxf@! {b{jnrbwbxf@! Nj|rfxb! q•fmbsb! qp! qjubxv! tvabwbxb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! qsfe! {b{jnrbwbxf! tv! wsmp! sb{mj•jub/! Obkcprf! kf! blp! kf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!qsfe!qsjisbxjwbxf!upmjlp!kblp!eb!of!npsb! eb!tf!tvabwb!uk/!blp!v!qswpk!qpmpwjoj!tfqufncsb!jnb!eptub!mfhmb! b! nbujdb! qspevabwb! tb! qpmbhbxfn! kbkb/! Of! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! tvabwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!qsf!qsjisbxjwbxb-!kfs!up!npaf!eb! epwfef! ep! obhpnjmbwbxb! sf{fswj! isbof! ! j! eb! qsfe! {jnv! ofnb! epwprop! qsb{oji! ~fmjkb! v! tb~v/! [bup! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! usfcb! tv{juj! lsbkfn! plupcsb! qptmf! qsjisbxjwbxb-! lbeb! tf! ob! eop! lp|ojdf! qptubwj! qpenfub•/! Tvwj|op! tb~f! )ofqplsjwfop! q•fmbnb*!j{wbejuj-!kfs!v!lp|ojdj!npaf!eb!pqmftojwj!j!ptubwjuj! hb!v!nbhbdjo-!{bkfeop!tb!sf{fswbnb-!{b!qspmf~f/!Tvafop!q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! phsboj•juj! qsfhsbeopn! ebtlpn-! lbp! j! eb! tf! qsb{bo! qsptups!qpqvoj!j{pmbdjpojn!nbufsjkbmpn/! ! 456/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! lpouspmj|f! tubxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {jnj!qsflp!qpenfub•b!ob!qpexb•j!j!lpmjlj!po!usfcb!eb!cvef@! {jnj!qsflp!qpenfub•b!ob!qpexb•j!j!lpmjlj!po!usfcb!eb!cvef@! Qptubwrbxf!qpenfub•b!v!lp|ojdv!)wjej!qjubxf!473*-!ebkf! nphv~optu! {b! tjtufnbutlv! lpouspmv! tubxb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {jnj/! [b! twblv! lp|ojdv! usfcb! 3! qpenfub•b! lpkj! tf! lpsjtuf! obj{nfoj•op/! Lbe! tf! j{wbej! kfebo! ob! xfhpwp! nftup! penbi! tf! tubwj! esvhj! )•jtu*/! J{wb}foj! qpenfub•-! lpkj! jnb! cspk! lp|ojdf-! hmfeb! tf! qbarjwp/! [bqjtvkf! tf! ebuvn! qsfhmfeb-! puqbe! tb! qpenfub•b! tf! qsptfkbwb! )v! xfnv! jnb! nophp! wptlb*-! nsuwf! q•fmf! tf! tqbmf! jmj! {blpqbkv! v! {fnrv! b! qpenfub•! )qptmf! •j|~fxb! j! tv|fxb*!lpsjtuj!tf!qpopwp/!Pe!puqbeblb-!qptmf!lvwbxb!v!wpej-! epcjkb!tf!•jtu!wptbl!lpkj!tf!j{ewbkb!ob!wsiv/!Qpenfub•!usfcb!eb! kf! {b! 1-6! tn/! vaj! j! lsb~j! pe! qpexb•f! eb! npaf! mblp! eb! tf! qptubwrb!j!tljeb/!

171


! 457/!Lblwp!cf{cfeoptop!tsfetuwp!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!qspujw! hsbcfaj! pe! uv}ji! q•fmb! j{wjeojdb! lpe! qsfhmfeb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb!v!cftqb|opn!qfsjpev/! esv|ubwb!v!cftqb|opn!qfsjpev/! Lbp!cf{cfeoptop!tsfetuwp-!lpe! sbeb!tb!q•fmbnb!v!qfsjpej!cf{!qb|f-! npaf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! tvodpcsbo! {b! qmbav!)qsf•ovlb!2-8!n/*!ob!•jkf!jwjdf! tf! qsj•wstuj! cfp! ujm! tqv|ufo! ep! {fnrf! )tm/! 4:*/! Eb! wfubs! ofcj! qpej{bp!ujm!ob!epxpk!jwjdj!usfcb!eb! tf! qptubwj! oflp! pqufsf~fxf/! V! ublp! epcsp! j{pmpwbopk! j! {btfo•fopk! lbcjoj! npaf! eb! tf! sbej! epcsp! cf{! pqbtoptuj!pe!qpkbwf!hsbcfaj/! ! Tm/!4:! 458/!\ub!kf!ujib!hsbcfa@! 458/!\ub!kf!ujib!hsbcfa@! Lpe! ujif! hsbcfaj! q•fmf! j{wjeojdf! lsbev! nfe! j{! uv}ji! lp|ojdb! qsj! •fnv! tf! obqbeovup! esv|uwp! of! csboj/! Pwb! qpkbwb! npaf!tbnp!v!sfuljn!tmv•bkfwjnb!eb!cvef!{bqbafob!pe!q•fmbsb/! Lpe! ujif! hsbcfaj! of! nphv! tf! {b|ujujuj! tmbcb! esv|uwb! j! cf{nbudj-! lpkb! tf! ob! lsbkv! qsjtbkfejxvkv! esv|uwv! lpkf! lsbef/! Lbe! cvev! peofuf! twf! sf{fswf! nfeb! v! lp|ojdj-! ptubof! tbnp! qsb{op!tb~f/! ! 459/!Lbeb!tf!kbwrb!hsbcfa!lpe!q•fmb@! 459/!Lbeb!tf!kbwrb!hsbcfa!lpe!q•fmb@ Hsbcfa! tf! kbwrb! )j! up! qswfotuwfop! lpe! kblji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb*! tbnp! v! qfsjpev! cf{! qb|f! )kvoj! .! tfqufncbs*-! lbeb! tf! sf{fswf! nfeb! v! lp|ojdj! {ob•bkop! tnbxvkv/! Q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! j{! ublwph! esv|uwb! obmb{f! esvhj! j{wps! isbof! )lpkj! tf! wj|f! of! obmb{j! v! qsjspej*! j! twf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! wp}fof! jotujolupn! obhpnjmbwbxb! {bmjib! obqbebkv! lp|ojdf! tmbcji! jmj! pcf{nbuj•foji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Nb! eb! tf! obqbeovuf! q•fmf! tvqsputubwrbkv!ob!lsbkv!cvev!qpcf}fof!j!vhjov!)wjej!qjubxf!36*/!

172


! 45:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!hsbcfa!lpe!q•fmb@!! 45:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!hsbcfa!lpe!q•fmb@ Hsbcfa! lpe! q•fmb! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j! qptubwrbxfn! tqfdjkbmof! obqsbwf! u{w/! tvafoj! lbobm/! J{sb}vkf! tf! pe! aj•bof! nsfaf! tb! qsbwpvhbpojn! qsftflpn! tusbojdb! 5! i! 2-6! dn/! Qptmf! qptubwrbxb! puwps! lbobmb! usfcb! eb! cvef! ob! plp! 3p! dn/jtqsfe! mfub!!b!ptubmj!puwpsj!eb!tf!{buwpsf!eb!q•fmf!of!nphv!eb!j{mf~v/! Q•fmf! hsbcrjwjdf! mblp! obqv|ubkv! lp|ojdv! lsp{! tvafoj! lbobm! bmj! of! obmb{f! pcsbuoj! qvu/! Lbtop! vwf•f! obqsbwv! j{wbejnp! j! q•fmf!qpopwp!nphv!eb!tf!tblvqf!v!twpn!tubov<!pwp!tf!qptubwrb!v! lp|ojdv!epl!jnb!{oblpwb!hsbcfaj/! ! 461/!Lblp!eb!tf!tqsf•j!obtubobl!hsbcfaj!lpe!q•fmb@! 461/!Lblp!eb!tf!tqsf•j!obtubobl!hsbcfaj!lpe!q•fmb@! Eb! cj! tf! tqsf•jp! obtubobl! hsbcfaj! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! qsjesabwbnp! qsbwjmb! {b! ofhpwbxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Plp! q•fmjxblb! j! lp|ojdb! usfcb! eb! tf! pesabwb! •jtup~b-! csjarjwp! eb! tf! vlmpoj! twblb! qsptvub! lbq! nfeb-! oflubsb! jmj! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb/!Tb!q•fmbnb!of!usfcb!sbejuj!lbeb!ofnb!qb|f<!nf|bxf!v! ajwpu! q•fmb! v! upn! qfsjpej! tf! ep{wprbwb! tbnp! v! lsbkxf! ofpqipeopn! tmv•bkv/! _jn! tf! vuwsef! {obdj! hsbcfaj-! mfup! ! ob! lp|ojdj! usfcb! eb! tf! qsjuwpsj! upmjlp! eb! lsp{! xfhb! npaf! eb! qsp}f! tbnp! kfeob! q•fmb/! V! upn! djrv! vmb{! tf! qsfhsbej! twfapn! usbwpn! jmj! ob! qpmfubrlv! tf! tubwj! phmfebmp! qptubwrfop! qpe! vhmpn/!Vwf•f!v!lp|ojdv!tb!obqbeovujn!q•fmbnb!qptubwj!tf!oflb! njsjtob! nbufsjkb! )oqs/! obgubmjo! {bwjkfo! v! hb{v*! lpkb! tf! j{wbej! j{kvusb/! Qsflp! op~j! q•fmf! vqjkv! ubk! njsjt! j! mbl|f! nphv! eb! sb{mjlvkv!q•fmf!hsbcrjwjdf!j!eb!tf!cpsf!tb!xjnb/! ! 462/! Qp! •fnv! •fnv! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! oftubobl! nbujdf! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv!v!lbtov!kftfo@! esv|uwv!v!lbtov!kftfo@ Qsjtvtuwp! usvupwb! v! lp|ojdj! lsbkfn! bwhvtub! j! lbtojkf! kf! tjhvsbo! {obl! eb! kf! oftubmp! nbujdf! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv/! J{v{fubl! kf! tmv•bk! lbeb! v! esv|uwv! jnb! nmbeb! kp|! ofpqmp}fob! nbujdb/! Blp! pob! of! cvef! pqmp}fob! pe! usvupwb! oj! lbtop! v! kftfo-!

173


ptub~f! eb! {jnvkf! v! lp|ojdj! bmj! ~f! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! eb! vhjof-! {bup!|up!~f!nbujdb!eb!qp•of!eb!optj!ofpqmp}fob!kbkb/!Fup!{b|up-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! v! lpnf! v! kftfo! kp|! jnb! usvupwb-! usfcb! qbarjwp! eb! tf! qsfhmfeb! j! eb! tf! pulmpof! kbwrfof! ofqsbwjmoptuj!epl!kf!esv|uwp!kp|!kblp/!Blp!kf!pop!wf~!ptmbcjmp-! q•fmf!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjqpkf!kblpn!esv|uwv!b!lp|ojdb!eb!tf!p•jtuj! j!eb!tf!{buwpsj!mfup/! ! 463/!Lbeb!nbujdf!qsftubkv!eb!qpmbav!kbkb!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf@! 463/!Lbeb!nbujdf!qsftubkv!eb!qpmbav!kbkb!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf@ Tqfdjkbmjtuj! Obv•opjtusbajwb•lph! jotujuvub! {b! q•fmbstuwp! v! hsbev! Mjqupwtlj! Isbefl! )_fiptmpwb•lb*! tv! eplb{bmj!eb!v!qpwprojn!lmjnbutljn!vtmpwjnb!nbujdb!npaf!eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! v! opwfncsv-! Vuws}foj! tv! •bl! tmv•bkfwj! lbeb! pof! vpq|uf! of! qsftubkv! eb! qpmbav! kbkb/! [blrv•bl! kf! eb! hsbojdb! op|fxb! nbujdf! ojkf! pesf}fob! v! wsfnfov! wf~! {bwjtj! pe! tqprb|xji!qsjspeoji!gblupsb/! ! !

[jnb! [jnb! ! 464/!Usp|f!mj!q•fmf!upqmpuv!v!lp|ojdj!{jnj@! 464/!Usp|f!mj!q•fmf!upqmpuv!v!lp|ojdj!{jnj@! Qsj!ojtljn!ufnqfsbuvsbnb!q•fmf!tf!tblvqrbkv!hvtup!nf}v! tb~f! j! pcsb{vkv! q•fmjxf! lmvcf! eb! cj! pesabmf! ofpqipeov! ufnqfsbuvsv! v! qmpej|uv! uk/! pof! |ufef! upqmpuov! fofshjkv/! J{! q•fmjxfh!lmvcfub!wbo!tf!pebkf!tbnp!of{obuob!lpmj•job!upqmpuf/! Q•fmf! tv! ublp! uftop! kfeob! ep! esvhf! eb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! vovusb! v! lmvcfuv! tlpsp! qptupkbob/! V! of{bv{fupn! qsptupsv-! pe! xji-! plp! q•fmjxfh! lmvcfub! kf! imbeop-! ufnqfsbuvsb! tqbeb! •bl! j! jtqpe! 1°T/! Blp! kf! puwpsfop! epxf! mfup-! wpefob! qbsb! j{ewpkfob-! lpoef{vkf!tf!qp!{jepwjnb!lp|ojdf!v!wpev-!lpkb!tf!tmjwb!lb!eov/! Epcsp! {cjkfoj! b! •ftup! epcsp! vupqrfoj! {jepwj! lp|ojdb! qpuqpnbav! uv! ofhbujwov! qpkbwv/! Ptmpcp}fob! upqmpub! j{! q•fmjxfh! lmvcfub! of! j{b{jwb! qpwf~bxf! qpusp|xf! sf{fswj! isbof-!bmj!qpwf~bwb!sfmbujwov!wmbaoptu!v!lp|ojdj/!

174


! 465/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!tqsf•j!pcsb{pwbxf!wmbhf!v!lp|ojdj@!! 465/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!tqsf•j!pcsb{pwbxf!wmbhf!v!lp|ojdj@ Epl! v! lp|ojdj! ajwf! q•fmf-! wmbhb! v! xpk! of! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j/! Wmbaoptu! npaf! efmjnj•op! eb! tf! tnbxj! qpnp~v! fgjlbtof! wfoujmbdjkf! ublp! |up! tf! qpwf~b! puwps! ob! mfuv! jmj! qsflp! j{pmbdjkf! hpsf! j{obe! sbnpwb! tb! nbufsjkbmpn! lpkj! qspqv|ub! wb{evi! b! jtup! j! lsp{! jtlpsj|~fov! pehpwbsbkv~v! j{pmbdjkv!ob!{jepwjnb!lp|ojdf/! ! 466/!Lblp!vuj•f!wfubs!ob!q•fmf@! 466/!Lblp!vuj•f!wfubs!ob!q•fmf@ Wfubs!jnb!wfmjlj!{ob•bk!{b!ajwpu!ajwpujxb!j!cjrblb/![b! q•fmf! kf! |ufubo! v! twjn! hpej|xjn!epcjnb/! Kbl! wfubs! v! qspmf~f! tnbxvkf! plpmov! ufnqfsbuvsv! j! qsjov}vkf! q•fmf! ob! njspwbxf/! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb! cspk! vhjovmji! q•fmb! qp! imbeopn! ebov! v! qspmf~f! v! kfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! eptujaf! j! 4/111-! |up! j{optj! 406! pe! esv|uwb/! Ojtlb! ufnqfsbuvsb! pe! .! 23°T! tb! wfuspn!cs{jof!21!.!–26!n0tflvoej-!jtdsqrvkf!pshboj{bn!q•fmf!lbp! ufnqfsbuvsb!pe!!.!38°T!!cf{!wfusb/!Fup!{b|up!usfcb!•vwbuj!q•fmf! pe!kblph!wfusb/!! ! 467/! Npaf! mj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! eb! {jnvkf! v! lp|ojdj! lpkb! kf! tb! twji!tusbob!{busqbob!tofhpn@! twji!tusbob!{busqbob!tofhpn@! Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!{jnvkf!nophp!epcsp!v!lp|ojdj!{busqbopk! tofhpn/! V! qswpk! qpmpwjnj! {jnf! blujwoptu! q•fmb! kf! nophp! tmbcb! ublp!eb!wb{evi!lpkj!qspejsf!v!lp|ojdv!lsp{!tofh-!{jepwf!j!mfup!! kf!qpuqvop!epwprbo/!V!esvhpk!qpmpwjoj!{jnf!tf!kbwrb!mfhmp!j!up! qpwf~bwb! qpusfcv! {b! wb{evipn/! J{! uph! sb{mphb! kf! ofpqipeop! qp•fulpn! nbsub! ){b! ob|f! vtmpwf! qp•fulpn! gfcsvbsb*! eb! tf! p•jtuj!tofh!tb!qsfexfh!{jeb!lp|ojdf!j!tb!qpmfubrlf/!! ! 468/! Lblwf! ufnqfsbuvsf! tv! vuws}fof! qpnp~v! ufsnpfmflusj•oji! nfsb•b!v!qmpej|uv!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@ nfsb•b!v!qmpej|uv!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! v!qmpej|uv!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! Nfsfxfn! kf! vuws}fop! eb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! vovubs! q•fmjxfh! lmvcfub! cf{! mfhmb! ,33°T/! V! npnfouv! lbeb! nbujdb! qp•of! eb!

175


qpmbaf! kbkb-! ufnqfsbuvsb! v! qsptupsv! mfhmb! eptujaf! ! 45! .! 47°T/! Pob! tf! cs{p! tojabwb! pe! tsfejof! q•fmjxfh! lmvcfub! v! qsbwdv! {bexfh! {jeb! lp|ojdf! hef! tf! j{kfeob•vkf! tb! tqprb|xpn! ufnqfsbuvspn/! Tb! vovusb|xf! tusbof! mfub! cjmp! kf! 26°T/! Lbeb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! v! tqprb|xpk! tsfejoj! eptuj{bmb! .26°T-! vovusb! v! q•fmjxfn! lmvcfuv! cf{! mfhmb! cjmb! kf! j{nfsfob! ufnqfsbuvsb! ,41°T-! ! ob! {bexfn! {jev! lp|ojdf! ! 1°T-! b! tb! vovusb|xf! tusbof! mfub! ,6°T! /! Usfcb! eb! tf! {bcfmfaj! eb! qsflpnfsop! vupqrbwbxf! lp|ojdf! of! qpcpr|bwb! {jnpwbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! b! tlpsp! jnb! pcsovu! fgflbu-! –! qpnbaf! qplsjwbxf! {jepwb! lp|ojdf! mfefopn!pcmphpn/! ! 469/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!lpkf!jnb!nbujdv!{vkj!{jnj@ 469/!Lbeb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!lpkf!jnb!nbujdv!{vkj!{jnj@! nbujdv!{vkj!{jnj@! Blp! kf! mfup! ! lp|ojdf! nophp! qsjuwpsfop! v! xv! of! qsjuj•f! epwprop!wb{evib/![cph!uphb!nfe!of!npaf!eb!bqtpscvkf!ofpqipeov! lpmj•jov!wmbhf!j{!wb{evib-!q•fmf!ptf~bkv!af}!j!qp•jxv!eb!{vkf/! Tubxf!npaf!eb!tf!qpcpr|b!blp!tf!puwpsj!mfup!j!ptmpcpej!vmb{! v! lp|ojdv/! [vkbxf! tf! kbwrb! j! lpe! ofeptubulb! ljtfpojlb! qsj! ofepwpropk! wfoujmbdjkj! lp|ojdf/! Qptmf! qpuqvoph! puwbsbxb! mfub-! wb{evi! v! lp|ojdj! tf! nfxb! cs{p! j! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tf! cs{p!vnjsj/!Qptmf!uphb!mfup!npaf!eb!tf!qsjuwpsj!qpopwp/! ! 46:/!\ub!twf!sfnfuj!njs!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@ 46:/!\ub!twf!sfnfuj!njs!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! mjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@! Njs! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {jnj! sfnfuj! qspnbkb-! ofepwprob! wfoujmbdjkb-! qsflpnfsob! wmbaoptu-! tqprxf! v{ofnjsbwbxf-! lsjtubmjtbxf! sf{fswj! isbof-! ofeptububl! isbof! j! hvcjubl! nbujdf/! ! 471/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!tubxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@!! 471/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!tubxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{jnj@ Tubxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {jnj! npaf! eb! tf! qspwfsj! qpnp~v! hvnfoph! dsfwb! ! jmj! tufuptlpqb! )mflbstlf! tmv|bmjdf! .! –! tm/!51*!b!jtup!j!qsfhmfepn!qpenfub•b!ob!qpexb•j!)wjej!qjubxf! 456*/! !

176


472/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qpeoj!qpenfub•!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 472/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qpeoj!qpenfub•!v!q•fmbstuwv@! V! qspmf~f-! v! lp|ojdj! kblph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! obmb{j! tf! cbsjdb! wpef! lpkb! cj! nphmb! eb! qbeof! ob! qpe! blp! pwb! ojkf! tb! qpenfub•fn/! Hmbwob! obnfob! qpeoph! qpenfub•b! kf! eb! tf! tblvqrbkv! j! petusbxvkv! pqjrdj! pe! wptlb! lpkj! tv! qbmj! ob! xfhb-! nsuwf!q•fmf-!j{cb•fop!mfhmp!j!esvhj!puqbdj/!Lbeb!tf!qspwfsbwb! tbesabk!ob!qpenfub•v!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!lpmj•job!{bmjib!isbof! v! lp|ojdj-! qpmbaf! mj! nbujdb! kbkb-! eb! ojkf! pob! vhjovmb-! jnb! mj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! eptub! wb{evib! jmj! ptf~b! af}-! eb! mj! kf! v! lp|ojdv! ep|mb! jogfldjkb! )qp! tqprb|xfn! j{hmfev! nsuwji! q•fmb*-! jnb! mj! usvupwb-! eb! mj! tf! v!xpk!obmb{j!nj|! j! esvhf! |ufup•jof! {b! q•fmf-! ajwpujxf! j!es/! ! Tm/!51! ! 473/! Lbeb! tf! qptubwrb! qpeoj! qpenfub•! v! lp|ojdv! j! lbeb! tf! tljeb@! tljeb@! Qpeoj! qpenfub•! tf! qptubwrb! v! lp|ojdv! lsbkfn! plupcsb! jmj!v!opwfncsv-!qptmf!qsfuipeop!p•j|~foph!eob!lp|ojdf/!Eb!cj! tf!lpouspmjtbmp!tubxf!{jnpwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! qpenfub•! qfsjpej•op! j{wbej! {b! cs{! qsfhmfe! j! eb! tf! wsbuj! ob{be/! Lpob•op! tf! petusbxvkf! j{! lp|ojdf! ! v! qswpk! qpmpwjoj! bqsjmb-! {bup! |up-! blp! up!v•jojnp! lbtojkf! po! npaf! eb! qptubof!tlmpoj|uf!{b!wptlpwph!nprdb/! ! 474/! \ub! p{ob•bwbkv! cfmb! |f~fsob! {sodb! qbmb! ob! qpeoj! qpenfub•@! qpenfub•@!

177


Ob! qpenfub•v! tf! vp•bwbkv! cfmb! {sodb! |f~fsb-! lbeb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! ptf~b! af}! vtmfe! ofeptubulb! wmbaoptuj! v! lp|ojdj/!Up!tf!ef|bwb!{jnj-!lbeb!kf!qsj!ojtljn!ufnqfsbuvsbnb! wfmjlj! qsflje! v! sb{wpkv! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! of! qpnbaf! •bl! oj! |jsplp! puwbsbxf! mfub-! eb! cj! tf! vwf~bmb! bqtpscdjkb!wmbhf!pe!tusbof!{bmjib!nfeb/!Q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!lpkf! j{cbdvkf! j{! tb~b! {sodb! |f~fsb! npaf! eb! tf! qsjisboj! qsj! qpwpropk! ufnqfsbuvsj! wb{evib! )! 9°T! v! imbev*! tb! sb{sf}fojn! |f~fsojn!tjsvqpn!v!peoptv!3!;!2!)3!m/!wpef!ob!2!lh/!|f~fsb*/! ! 475/! Lpkj! cspk! vhjovmji! q•fmb! qsflp! {jnf! kf! opsnbmbo! {b! kfeop! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! Qsj! qpwpropn! {jnpwbxv-! cspk! vhjovmji! q•fmb! v! kfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv-! of! qsfmb{j! 311! .!–! 411/! Up! {bwjtj! j! pe! cspkb! vhjovmji!q•fmb!qsfe!qptmfexf!j{mfubxf-!tubsji!q•fmb!b!jtup!j! pe! usbkbxb! {jnf! /! Qsj! qpwpropn! {jnpwbxv! j! cmbhpwsfnfopn! qswpn! qspmf~opn! j{mfubxv-! ob! qpenfub•v! ob! qpexb•j! npaf! tf! ob~j!tbnp!oflpmjlp!eftfujob!nsuwji!q•fmb/! ! 476/!Lpkj!kf!ptopwoj!v{spl!vhjxbwbxb!q•fmb!{jnj@ 476/!Lpkj!kf!ptopwoj!v{spl!vhjxbwbxb!q•fmb!{jnj@! wbxb!q•fmb!{jnj@! Obk•f|~j! v{spl! vhjxbwbxb! q•fmb! {jnj! kf! ofeptububl! sf{fswj!isbof-!qsjtvtuwp!wfmjlji!lpmj•job!nferjlf-!cpmftob!j! tubsb!nbujdb-!nbmj!cspk!q•fmb!v!esv|uwv-!v{ofnjsbwbxf!q•fmb!v! lp|ojdj! pe! nj|b! j! esvhji! |ufuoji! ajwpujxb-! qspnbkb! lsp{! puwpsf! ob! lp|ojdj-! evhb! {jnb! j! ojkf! ob! {bexfn! nftuv! ofepwprob!qspgftjpobmob!pcv•foptu!q•fmbsb/! ! 477/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!sptf!jmj!mfeb!ob!qpmfubrdj@! 477/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!sptf!jmj!mfeb!ob!qpmfubrdj@! Qsjtvtuwp! sptf! jmj! mfeb! ob! qpmfubrdj-! p{ob•bwb! eb! kf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qsf{jnjmp! epcsp-! eb! kf! kblp! j! eb! nbujdb! qpmbaf!kbkb/!V!upn!tmv•bkv!qspdfobu!wmbaoptuj!v!lp|ojdj!kf!vwfl! wjtpl/!Blp!kf!op~!imbeob-!lpe!djslvmbdjkf!wb{evib!lpkj!j{mb{j!j{! lp|ojdf-!wpefob!qbsb!tf!lpoefo{vkf!v!{bwjtoptuj!pe!tqprb|xf! ufnqfsbuvsf!v!wpev!jmj!mfe!ob!qpmfubrdj/!

178


! 478/! Npaf! mj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! eb! eb! qsf{jnj! tb! {bmjibnb! nfeb! tblvqrfoph!pe!wsftlb@! tblvqrfoph!pe!wsftlb@! Wsftbl!kf!oj{bl!acvo!tb!evhpdwfubkv~jn!dwfupwjnb/Pcjmop! mv•j! oflubs! v! bwhvtuv! j! tfqufncsv! j! {bup! q•fmbsj! qsfwp{f! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! cmj{v! qpws|job! tb! wsftlpn/! Q•fmjxb! esv|uwb-! nf}vujn-! {jnvkv! wsmp! mp|f! ob! {bmjibnb! nfeb! pe! wsftlb/! Fup! {b|up! ublbw! nfe! of! usfcb! eb! tf! ptubwrb! v! lp|ojdbnb! {b! {jnv/! Po! usfcb! eb! tf! jtdfousjgvhjsb! •bl! j! j{! tb~b! tb! mfhmpn/! Qptmf! uphb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! tf! qsjisbxvkv! tb! ofpqipeojn! lpmj•jobnb! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb! v! peoptv! 2! ;! 2! )2! m/! wpef!ob!2!lh/!|f~fsb*/! ! 479/!Nphv!mj!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!eb!{jnvkv!cf{!{bmjib!qpmfob@! 479/!Nphv!mj!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!eb!{jnvkv!cf{!{bmjib!qpmfob@! Qsfnb!sf{vmubujnb!epcjkfojn!v!jtusbajwb•lpn!jotujuvuv! {b! q•fmbstuwp! v! hsbev! Sjcopkf! )Svtjkb*-! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! j{! •jkji! lp|ojdb! kf! qsfe! {jnpwbxf! cjp! j{wb}fo! qpmfo-! qsf{jnjmb! tv! •bl! cprf! pe! lpouspmoji! uk/! lpo{vnjsbmf! tv! qp! nbmp! nfeb-! mv•jmf! qp! nbmp! j{nfub!! b! v! lp|ojdbnb! kf! cjp! nbmj! cspk! nsuwji! q•fmb/! Lpe! uji! esv|ubwb! nf}vujn-! cjmp! kf! lpotubupwbop! eb! kf! lpmj•job! mfhmb! cjmb! {b! 61&! nbxb! ofhp! lpe! lpouspmoji! esv|ubwb-! b! up! {besabwbxf! v! sb{wpkv! tf! qspevajmp! j! lbtojkf/! [ob•j!qpmfo!kf!ofpqipebo!{b!{jnpwbxf!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!j!of! usfcb!eb!tf!qpuqvop!petusbxvkf!j{!lp|ojdf/!!

!

tm/!52!

179


47:/! V! lpn! qsbwdv! kf! obkqphpeojkf! eb! cvef! vtnfsfop! mfup! lp|ojdf!qsj!qswpn!pcmfubxv@!! lp|ojdf!qsj!qswpn!pcmfubxv@ Q•fmb! kf! jotflbu! lpkj! wpmj! upqmpuv! j! {bup! tv! kp|! ob|j! qsbefepwj!vtnfsbwbmj!mfup!!lp|ojdf!ob!kvh/!Lblp!v!tubspk!ublp!j! v! tbwsfnbfopk! tqfdjkbmj{jsbopk! mjufsbuvsj! tf! vlb{vkf! eb! kf! obkqpwprojkj! qsbwbd! {b! qswp! pcmfubxf! kvhpjtup•oj-! bmj! tf! of! qsfdj{jsb! tf{pob/! Qswp! qspmf~op! pcmfubxf! q•fmf! j{ws|bwbkv! pcj•op! sbop! qptmf! sv•lb! )plp! 25! •btpwb*-! lbeb! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! obkwj|b! ob! nftuv! phsfkbopn! tvodfn/! Ubeb! kf! kvhpjtup•ob! tusbob! lp|ojdf! wf~! v! tfodj! j! {bup! vtnfsfxf! mfub! v! upn! qsbwdv! ojkf! qpafrop<! up! kf! ofqpwprop! j! qsj! usbotqpsuv! q•fmb! v! ewptusbop! qptubwrfojn! lp|ojdbnb/! [b! qswp! qspmf~op! pcmfubxf! q•fmb! pcbwf{op! kf! eb! mfup! cvef! vtnfsfop! ob! kvhp{bqbe! )tm/! 52*/! Qptmf! uphb! qsbwbd! wj|f! ofnb! {ob•bk/! V! qfsjpev! hmbwof! qb|f! q•fmbsj! usfcb!eb!tf!tubsbkv!eb!qptubwf!lp|ojdf!tb!mfupn!ob!jtupl/!! ! 481/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!p•flvkf!qswj!qspmf~oj!pcmfu!j!lblwf!nfsf! 481/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!p•flvkf!qswj!qspmf~oj!pcmfu!j!lblwf!nfsf! usfcb!qsfev{fuj@! usfcb!qsfev{fuj@! Qswj!qspmf~oj!pcmfu!npaf!eb!tf!p•flvkf!v!gfcsvbsv!lbeb! kf! tqprob! ufnqfsbuvsf! v! imbev! j{obe! 9°T-! b! ebo! kf! cf{! wfusb! j! tvo•bo/! Tofh! pcj•op! kp|! qplsjwb! {fnrv! j! {bup! usfcb! eb! tf! petusboj! tb! lspwpwb! lp|ojdb-! tb! qsfexji! jn! {jepwb! j! jtqsfe! lp|ojdb!)cbs!ob!sbtupkbxv!2!n/*!jmj!qsfe!lp|ojdf!eb!tf!qptubwj! ufs! qbqjs/! Of! usfcb! eb! tf! qptjqb! qrfwb-! tfop-! eswfob! tusvhpujob-! tmbnb! j! esvhj! tmj•oj! nbufsjkbmj-! {bup! |up! nophf! q•fmf!nphv!eb!tf!{bqmfuv!v!xji!j!eb!of!vtqfkv!eb!v{mfuf/!Qptmf! uphb! tf! puwbsbkv! mfub-! j{wbej! tf! qpeoj! qpenfub•! j! vqp{psbwbkv! tf! tvtfej! eb! of! qsptujsv! svcrf! obqprv/! Qptmf! pcmfubxb! p•j|~foj! qpenfub•j! tf! qpopwp! wsb~bkv! v! lp|ojdf-! vmb{j! tf! qsjuwbsbkv! lpmjlp! kf! ofpqipeop! b! qbs•be! ufs! qbqjsb! tf! qfsv! j! qp|up! tf! ptv|f! obwjkbkv! tf! v! spmov! j! •vwbkv! {b! qpopwov! vqpusfcv/Ublp!tf!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!qpopwp!pcf{cf}vkf!njs/! !

180


482/! Npaf! mj! eb! tf! qspdfoj! {esbwtuwfop! tubxf! q•fmb! qp! j{hmfev!j{mv•foph!j{nfub@! j{hmfev!j{mv•foph!j{nfub@! Qp! j{hmfev! j{nfub! nphv! ub•op! eb! tf! vuwsef! tmfef~f! cpmftuj! q•fmb;! op{fnbup{b! .! ! –! qp! sfulpn! j! cmfepavupn! j{nfuv! lpkj! mj•j! ob! qpmfo-! {buwps! –.! qp! hvtujn! lbgfojn! lbqjnb! j! puflmjn! uscvtjnb! jotflbub-! qspmjw! .–! qp! ubnoplbgfopn! j{nfuv! ljtfmph! njsjtb! )kbwrb! tf! lbeb! kfev! nferjlv*-! qpmfotlb! upltjlp{b!.!!–!qp!hvtupn!avup!pcpkfopn!j{nfuv/! ! 483/!!Qsfmb{f!mj!q•fmf!{jnj!tb!kfeoph!ob!esvhj!sbn@ 483/!!Qsfmb{f!mj!q•fmf!{jnj!tb!kfeoph!ob!esvhj!sbn@! Qsfmb{f!mj!q•fmf!{jnj!tb!kfeoph!ob!esvhj!sbn@! Qsfnb! {bqbabxv! bvupsb! q•fmf! {jnj! qsfmb{f! tb! kfeoph! ob! esvhj! sbn/! Eplb{! {b! up! kf! •jxfojdb! eb! nbujdb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! v! efdfncsv!j!v!kbovbsv!ob!3!jmj!4!sbnb/!Qsfmb{!q•fmb!tb!sbnb!ob! sbn!{jnj!kf!cjpmp|lb!ovaoptu/!! ! 484/!Lbeb!j!ob!lpkj!ob•jo!usfcb!eb!tf!pcbwj!qsjoveop!pcmfubxf! q•fmb@! q•fmb@! Blp! lpe! evhf! j! imbeof! {jnf-! q•fmf! of! j{ws|f! ob! wsfnf! twpkf!qswp! pcmfubxf!j!jnb!pqbtoptuj!eb!pcpmf!pe!qspmjwb-!qsj! •fnv! pof! j{cbdvkv! j{nfu! v! lp|ojdj-! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! pcbwj! qsjoveop! pcmfubxf/! V! upn! djrv! lp|ojdb! tf! qsfoptj! v! ubnov! qsptupsjkv! j! qptubwj! ob! plp! 2! nfubs! pe! qsp{psb/! Qpmfubrlb! tf! tqbkb! tb! sbnpn! qsp{psb! tb! kfeojn! qbs•fupn! lbsupob! b! lp|ojdb! tf! qplsjwb! eb! tf! of! sb{mfuf! q•fmf/! Qptmf! uphb! qsptupsjkb! tf! {bhsfwb!qptufqfop/!Lbeb!q•fmf!ptfuf!qpwf~bxf!ufnqfsbuvsf!pof! qp•jxv! eb! mfuf! j! ptmpcb}bkv! tf! j{nfub! ob! qsp{psv/! Tbeb! {bhsfwbxf! qsptupsjkf! qsfljebnp! j! q•fmf! tf! wsb~bkv! obusbh! qsflp! lbsupotlph! nptub! v! lp|ojdv/! Qptmf! {bws|foph! qsjoveoph! pcmfubxb! lp|ojdb! tf! peoptj! ob! qswpcjuop! nftup! b! {bqsrbob! qsptupsjkb!tf!p•jtuj!j!ef{jogjlvkf/!! ! 485/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!{b|ujuj!qpmfo!mftlf!pe!{bns{bwbxb@! 485/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!{b|ujuj!qpmfo!mftlf!pe!{bns{bwbxb@! V!qfsjpev!dwfubxb!mftlf!sftf!tf!•ftup!{bns{ov!j!pqbebkv! j!of!cvev!jtlpsj|~fof!pe!q•fmb/!Sbej!uphb!tf!qsfqpsv•vkf!eb!tf!

181


hsbo•jdf!tb!nophp!sftb!pesfav!qsfe!sbtdwfubwbxf-!eb!tf!wfav!v! topqj~f! j! eb! tf! qptubwf! ob! ibsujkv! v! upqmv! qsptupsjkv/! Qptmf! oflpmjlp!ebob!sftf!~f!eb!tf!sb{wjkv!j!qpmfo!jn!qbeb!ob!ibsujkv/! Pwblp! epcjkfoj! qpmfo! tf! tubwj! v! isbojmjdf! peblmf! hb! q•fmf! peoptf!v!lp|ojdv/!Hsbo•jdf!tb!sftbnb!nphv!eb!tf!qptubwf!cmj{v! lp|ojdf! j! ublp! ~f! q•fmf! np~j! eb! tblvqf! tb! xji! twb! {sodb! qpmfob/!! !

Qspmf~f! Qspmf~f! ! 486/!Lpkf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!of!avsj!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!qspmf~f@!! 486/!Lpkf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!of!avsj!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!qspmf~f@! Ublwp! tubxf! kf! pcj•op! qsjtvuop! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! tb! nmbepn!pqmp}fopn!nbujdpn!lpkb!wf~!qpmbaf!kbkb/!Pckb|xbwb!tf! ujnf! eb! kf! nbujdb! ep! lbtop! v! kftfo! qpqvxbwbmb! ~fmjkf! kbkjnb! j! {jnj! tf! penbsb! evaf! wsfnf-! lbp! j! nbujdb! lpkb! kf! ptubmb! qptmf! tqbkbxb! ewb! esv|uwb/! Esvhj! sb{mph! npaf! eb! cvef! j! up! eb! tv! q•fmf!jtlpsjtujmf!nophp!pe!sf{fswj!isbof!{b!ofhpwbxf!mfhmb!v! kftfo! j! {bup! tv! v! qspmf~f! qsjov}fof! eb! |ufef! ptubmf! sf{fswf! isbof!ep!qpkbwf!qb|f!v!qsjspej/!! ! 487/! Lbeb! usfcb! eb! qp•of! qspmf~op! obesbabkop! qsjisbxjwbxf! q•fmb@! q•fmb@! Qspmf~op!obesbabkop!qsjisbxjwbxf!q•fmb!npaf!eb!qp•of! penbi! qptmf! qswph! pcmfubxb-! •jn! tf! v! qsjspej! qpkbwj! qpmfo/! Q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! lpkb! jnbkv! epwprop! sf{fswj! isbof! ojkf! ofpqipeop! qsjisbxjwbuj-! b! esv|uwjnb! ! tb! nbmjn! lpmj•jobnb! sf{fswj! obkcprf! kf! eb! tf! qptubwj! tb~f! tb! {buwpsfojn! nfepn! cmj{v! q•fmjxfh! lmvcfub! jmj! kfeboqvu! tfenj•op! ebuj! 2m/! cmbhp! {bhsfkboph! tjsvqb! v! peoptv! 2! ;! 2! )2! m/! wpef! ob! 2! lh/! |f~fsb*/! Qsjisbob! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! tb! lpodfouspwbopn! isbopn! )oqs/! nfeob! nf|bwjob-! |f~fsop! nfeop! uftup! jmj! tvwj! |f~fs*! of! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! epl! esv|uwp! of! obhpnjmb! epwprop! tpqtuwfoji! {bmjib!{bup!|up!kf!kp|!tmbcp/! !

182


488/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!ebkf!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!v!nbsuv@ 488/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!ebkf!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!v!nbsuv@! eb!tf!ebkf!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!v!nbsuv@ ! V! nbsuv-! lbeb! ajwpu! lpe! q•fmb! wf~! qspuj•f! opsnbmop! j! nbujdb! qpmbaf! kbkb-! qpwf~bwb! tf! lpo{vnbdjkb! wpef-! isbof! j! qpmfob/! [bup! |up! tf! uf! lpnqpofouf-! v! up! wsfnf-! obmb{f! v! qsjspej!v!nbmjn!lpmj•jobnb-!ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!cmj{v!lp|ojdf! qptubwj!qpkjmjdb!{b!wpev!j!|f~fsoj!tjsvq!b!jtup!j!isbojmjdb!tb! {bnfopn! {b! qpmfo! )tm/53*! 2/! tubujw<! 3! optf~b! mfuwb<! 4/eop<! 5/! qpqsf•ob! mfuwb! {b! eop<! 6/! tve! v! lpkj! tf! qptubwrb! {bnfob! {b!

Tm/53!

qpmfo<! 7/! tublmfoj! {jepwj<! 8/! mjnfof! lmbogf<! 9/! tublmfoj! qplsjwb•/!! ! 489/!Lpmjlp!mjubsb!wpef!kf!ofpqipeop!kblpn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv! v!qspmf~f@! v!qspmf~f@! V!qspmf~f-!qpusfcb!{b!wpepn!lpe!kblph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-! lpkf!kf!{bqp•fmp!ofhpwbxf!mfhmb-!kf!plp!3!m/!tfenj•op/!V!tlmbev! tb!ujn!tf!pesf}vkf!j!wfmj•job!qpkjmjdf/! ! 48:/!Lpkv! lpmj•jov!isbof!lpo{vnjsb!ob!ebo!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v! lpmj•jov!isbof!lpo{vnjsb!ob!ebo!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v! qspmf~f@! qspmf~f@!

183


Qpusfcb! {b! isbopn! lpe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {bwjtj! pe! xfhpwf! kb•jof! j! pe! lpmj•jof! ofhpwboph! mfhmb/! Twblpeofwob! lpo{vnbdjkb! npaf! mblp!eb! tf!vuwsej! lbeb! tf! j{nfsj! lp|ojdb! v! ebov!lbeb!{cph!ofqpwproji!lmjnbutlji!vtmpwb!q•fmf!of!j{mb{f! ob! qb|v/! Sb{mjlb! pe! qswpj{nfsfof! ufajof! lp|ojdf! qplb{vkf! lpmj•jov! vusp|fof! isbof/! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! •jkf! mfhmp! v! qspmf~f!{bv{jnb!pe!7!ep!9!sbnpwb-!vusp|j!eofwop!411!ep!511!hs/! nfeb! j! qpmfob/! V! ofqpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! q•fmf! lpo{vnjsbkv! isbov!lpkv!tv!epofmf!v!lp|ojdv/!Lbeb!kf!imbeop!wsfnf!qpusfcf!{b! isbopn!sbtuv/! ! 491/! [ob•j! mj-! blp! ob}fnp! nsuwv! nbujdv! ob! qpeopn! qpenfub•v-! eb!kf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!ptjspufmp@! eb!kf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!ptjspufmp@! Oflbeb! tf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qsjqsfnj! {b! {jnpwbxf! tb! 3! nbujdf-! –! tubspn! j! nmbepn/! Blp! tf! ob! qpenfub•v! v! lp|ojdj! pulsjkf! nsuwb! nbujdb-! up! {ob•j! eb! v! esv|uwv! wfspwbuop! jnb! nmbeb! nbujdb/! Esv|uwp! tb! nbujdpn! tf! of! sb{mf~f-! of! |vnj-! j{optj! nsuwf! q•fmf! j{! lp|ojdf! j! tblvqrb! qpmfo/! Qsj! qswpn! qsfhmfev!nf}vujn!usfcb!qspwfsjuj!eb!mj!v!lp|ojdj!jnb!nbujdb/!! ! 492/! Lpkb! cfmbo•fwjobtub! isbob! usfcb! eb! tf! ebkf! q•fmbnb! v! qspmf~f@! qspmf~f@! Obkqpwprojkj! kf! tmv•bk! lbeb! q•fmf! epoptf! v! lp|ojdv! cfmbo•fwjobtuv!isbov!v!wjev!qpmfob/!Blp!v!qsjspej!ofnb!qpmfob! po! tf! {bnfxvkf! tpkjojn! csb|opn-! tvwjn! lwbtdfn! jmj! tvwjn! pcf{nb|~fojn! nmflpn/! Pwb! cfmbo•fwjobtub! isbob! npaf! eb! tf! nf|b! v! qspj{wpropn! peoptv! j! qptubwrb! tf! v! isbojmjdv! {b|uj~fov! pe! wfusb! j! lj|f/! V! lp|ojdj-! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! usfcb! eb! tf! ebkf! cfmbo•fwjobtub! isbob! qpnf|bob! tb! |f~fsop! nfeojn! uftupn! jmj! tb! uf•opn! isbopn! lpkpk! kf! epebup! tvwp! pcf{nb|~fop! nmflp! b! qpoflbe! j! kbkf/! V! upn! djrv! usfcb! eb! tf! lvqj!u{w/!nfefob!nf|bwjob/!! !

184


493/! Eb! mj! kf! pehpwbsbkv~f! qsjisbxjwbuj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! v! qspmf~f!hmvlp{pn-!eb!cj!tf!qpwf~bmb!optjwptu!nbujdf@!! qspmf~f!hmvlp{pn-!eb!cj!tf!qpwf~bmb!optjwptu!nbujdf@ V! nfev! tf! tbesaj! 46! ! .! –! 51&! hmvlp{f/! Pob! kf! ptopwoj! efp! isbof!tb!lpkpn!usfcb!qsjisbxjwbuj!q•fmf-!bmj!tf!sfulp!lpsjtuj! v!upn!djrv!{bup!|up!kf!tlvqrb!pe!|f~fsb/! ! 494/!Npaf!mj!eb!tf!pcbwj!qspmf~oj!qsfhmfe!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb! ob!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!23° ob!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!23°T@! T@! Tlpsp! v! twblpk! lxj{j! p! q•fmbstuwv! tf! qsfqpsv•vkf! qspmf~oj! qsfhmfe! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 23°T/! Ptopwoj! qsfhmbfe! nf}vujn!{biufwb!qbarjw!qsfhmfe!dfmf!lp|ojdf!b!qp{obup!kf!eb! ufnqfsbuvsb! vuj•f! ob! sb{wpk! mfhmb/! Tqfdjkbmjtuj! tv! vuwsejmj-! eb!qsj!tqpropk!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!37°T!tf!j{mfaf!nbmj!cspk!mvulj! j! qsj! upnf! twf! tb! efgpsnjtbojn! efmpwjnb! ufmb/! Qsj! 39°T! ! tf! sb{wjkb! dfmp! mfhmp! bmj! q•fmf! tv! jtup! tb! efgpsnjtbojn! efmpwjnb!ufmb/!Pwb!qpkbwb!kf!vp•fob!j!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!41°T/! Tbnp!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!43!.!46°T!!mfhmp!tf!opsnbmop!sb{wjkb/! Qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!48°T!vhjof!efp!mfhmb!b!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe! 49°T! dfmp! mfhmp/! J{! uphb! tmfevkf! eb! ptopwoj! qspmf~oj! qsfhmfe! of!usfcb!ws|juj!lpe!ojaji!tqproji!ufnqfsbuvsb!{bup!|up!npaf! eb!tf!qpsfnfuj!opsbnbmbo!sb{wpk!q•fmjxji!mbswj/!Ep{wprfo!kf! qsfhmfe!v!usbkbxv!2!.! 3!njovub/!Tubxf!q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! qsfnb! sb{ojn! {obdjnb! lpkj! tf! kbwrbkv! ob! mfuv! )vmb{v*! lp|ojdf/! Qsfhmfe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! lpkf! kf! ptubmp! cf{! nbujdf!npaf!eb!tf!j{ws|j!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!31°T/! ! 495/! Qp! •fnv! tf! sb{mjlvkv! mbswf! vhjovmf! pe! {jnf! pe! mbswj! vhjovmji!pe!hmbej@! vhjovmji!pe!hmbej@! Mbswb! vhjovmb! pe! {jnf! kf! vwfl! dfmb-! qpoflbe! lbeb! qp•of! eb! tf! sbtqbeb! epcjkf! lbgfov! cpkv/! Mbswb! vhjovmb! pe! hmbej! kf! vwfl! tvwb! j! jtjtbob! pe! hmbeoji! q•fmb-! pob! kf! jtljebob! j! kp|! kf! cfmf! cpkf-! cf{! {oblpwb! sbtqbebxb/! Qsjtvtuwp! ublwji! mbswj! ob! qpmfubrdj!kf!qptmfexj!tjhobm!{b!tqbtbwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb! pe!hmbej/!

185


! 496/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!qstufo@!! 496/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!qstufo@ V! qspmf~f! lbeb! kf! qpws|job! mfhmb! vwf~bob! upmjlp! eb! q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! hb! hsfkv! ep! ofpqipeof! ufnqfsbuvsf! )nmbeji! q•fmb! kf! nbmp! b! cspk! tubsji! tf! ofqsfljeop! tnbxvkf*-! pof! qplsjwbkv! ufmjnb! nf}vsbnoj! qsptups! ob! qfsjgfsjkj! tb! mfhmpn! lbeb! pcsb{vkv! q•fmjxj! qstufo! )tm/! 54*! 2! lsbkxf! tb~f<! 3/! nf}vsbnoj! qsptups! v! lpkfn! tv! q•fmf! tblvqrfof!v!pcmjlv!qstufob<!4/!tb~f! tb! mfhmpn<! 5/! nf}vsbnoj! qsptups<! 6/! qfsjgfsoj! efp! tb~b! cf{! q•fmb/! Vovubs! qstufob! jnb! nbmp! q•fmb! lpkf! tf!csjov!p!mfhmv!j!isbof!hb/!Qsj!ublp! ofqpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! q•fmf! obqv|ubkv! ~fmjkf! ob! qfsjgfsjkj! eb! cj! pcsb{pwbmf! {cjkfo! qstufo! plp! tnbxfof! qpws|jof! mfhmb! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! pesabwbkv! ufnqfsbuvsv! ofpqipeov!{b!opsnbmbo!sb{wpk!)43!.!–!47!T*/! Tm/!54! ! 497/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!tvabwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@ 497/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!tvabwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! kf!{ob•bk!tvabwbxb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! Tvabwbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! qswj! qvu! kf! qsfempajp! twfutlj! obv•ojn! Cmjopw/! Tbtupkj! tf! v! upnf! eb! tf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! v! qspmf~f! phsboj•j! tb! qsfhsbeopn! ebtlpn! j{b! lpkf! tf! qptubwf! sbnpwj! tb! {bqf•b~fojn! nfepn! )tm/! 55*/! Q•fmf! jnbkv! qsjtuvq!{bmjibnb!lsp{!puwps!lpkj!tf!obmb{j!ob!qsfhsbeopk!ebtdj-! v! hpsxfn! efmv-! ob! 204! sbtupkbxb! pe! wsib/! Cmjopw! eplb{vkf! eb! tvabwbxf! hof{eb! wpej! vwf~bxv! cspkb! j{mfafoji! q•fmb! 211&! v! qpsf}fxv!tb!oftvafojn!esv|uwpn/!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! !

186


!

Tm/!55/!! ! 2/!{je!lp|ojdf! 3/!mfup!)vmb{*! 4/!tb~f!tb!mfhmpn! 5/!qsfhsbeb! 6/!tb~f!tb!sf{fswpn!isbof! 7/!qsptups!qsj!eov! 8/!wfsujlbmob!upqmpuob!j{pmbdjkb! 9/!puwps!v!hpsxpk!usf~joj!qsfhsbef! :/!upqmpuob!j{pmbdjkb!j{obe!sbnpwb! 21/!lspw!lp|ojdf! !

187


Mfup! Mfup! ! 498/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!wfmjlji!{bmjib!nfeb!v!qmpej|uv!v! 498/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!wfmjlji!{bmjib!nfeb!v!qmpej|uv!v! sfmbujwop!tmbcpn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! sfmbujwop!tmbcpn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! Sb{mph! {b! qsjtvtuwp! wfmjlji! {bmjib! nfeb! ! lpe! tmbcph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! npaf! eb! cvef! ofpehpwbsbkv~b! nbujdb/! Lpmj•job! kbkb! lpkv! qpmpaj! cs{p! tf! tnbxvkf! j! qsj! oftubolv! puwpsfoph! mfhmb! q•fmf! tlmbej|uf! isbov! lpkb! kf! ptubmb! v! qmpej|uf/!V!upn!tmv•bkv!kf!pcbwf{op!eb!tf!{bnfoj!nbujdb/!Wj|bl! nfeb!npaf!eb!tf!qpkbwj!j!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!lpkf!tf!spkjmp-!v! lpkfn! tv! qptmf! pembtlb! spkb! ptubmf! qsfufaop! nmbef! q•fmf! j! {buwpsfop! mfhmp/! _jn! opwb! nbujdb! cvef! pqmp}fob! j! qp•of! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb-! sf{fswf! nfeb! tf! qptufqfop! tnbxvkv/! Obkcprf! kf! eb! tf! tvwj|of! lpmj•jof! nfeb! j{wbef! j{! lp|ojdf! b! blp! qsftubof! pcjmob!qb|b-!q•fmf!eb!tf!qsjisbof!|f~fsojn!tjsvqpn/! ! 499/! Lpkj! kf! sb{mph! {b! qsjtvtuwp! j{wbosfeop! nophp! usvupwb! v! qmpej|uv!j!lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!uphb!{b!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! qmpej|uv!j!lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!uphb!{b!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@ Blp!kf!qswj!spk!obtfrfo!v!lp|ojdv!tbnp!tb!usblbnb!tbuoji! ptopwb! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! j{hsb}vkv! qsfwj|f! wfmjlj! cspk! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb/! V! tmfef~pk! tf{poj! uf! ~fmjkf! ~f! cjuj! nophp! wf~f! ofhp! ~fmjkf! {b! j{mfhbxf! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! j! lbp! sf{vmubu! uphb! nbujdb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! wfmjlv! lpmj•jov! ofpqmp}foji! kbkb/! Ptjn! uphb! qsjtvtuwp! upmjlp! nophp! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! vcs{bwb! j{hsbexv! qmpej|ub! j! wpej! ep! qsfwsfnfoph! j{mfhbxb! usvupwb/! Lblp! kf! qp{obup-! 5! ebob! qsf! j{mfhbxb! qswji! usvupwb-! nbujdb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! v! nbuj•xblf-! vtmfe! qsjtvtuwb! qsflpnfsop! wfmjlph! cspkb! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb-! j{b{jwb! qsfwsfnfov! qpkbwv! spkfwph! obhpob/! Ubk! gblups! kf! pe! wfmjlph! {ob•bkb! {b! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! j! {bup! usfcb! eb! tf! sfhvmj|f! cspk! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! v! lp|ojdj/! V! upn! djrv! v! qmpej|uf! tf! qptubwrbkv! sbnpwj! tb! dfmpn! tbuopn! ptopwpn! j! ubeb! q•fmf! j{hsb}vkv!ofpqipeov!lpmj•jov!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!ob!epxfn!efmv! sbnpwb/!

188


! 49:/! Lblp! tf! qsfnf|ubkv! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! ob! lsbuljn! sbtupkbxjnb@! sbtupkbxjnb@! [b! qsfnf|ubxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! ob! lsbuljn! sbtupkbxjnb!usfcb!eb!tf!j{bcfsf!ebo!v!lpnf!q•fmf!kp|!mfuf!b!v! qsjspej! ofnb! qb|f/! Obkcprf! kf! eb! qsfnf|ubxf! qp•of! vwf•f-! pcj•op! kfebo! tbu! qsfe! tnslbwbxf/! Qptmf! qptubwrbxb! ob! opwp! nftup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!usfcb!penbi!eb!tf!qsjisboj!tb!2!mjuspn! |f~fsoph!tjsvqb!v!peoptv!2!;!2!)2!m/!wpef!ob!2/lh/!|f~fsb*/!Cs{p! qptmf! uphb! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! j{mf~v! j! eb! tf! psjkfouj|v/! Tubsf! q•fmf!tf!wsb~bkv!ob!qsf}b|xf!nftup!j!usbaf!twpkv!lp|ojdv!bmj! qptmf!j{wftoph!wsfnfob!kf!pulsjwbkv!j!epmf~v!v!xv/! ! 4:1/! Lblp! nphv! usvupwj! usvupwj! eb! qsp}v! v! nfej|uf! lpkf! ofnb! mfup! b! pewpkfop!kf!pe!qmpej|ub!sf|fulpn@! pewpkfop!kf!pe!qmpej|ub!sf|fulpn@! Eb! cj! jnbmj! usvupwj! ! j! q•fmf! tmpcpebo! qsjtuvq! ep! nfej|ub-! pewpkfoph! pe! qmpej|ub! Ibofnbopwpn! sf|fulpn-! tb! djrfn! eb! tf! tqsf•j! qsfmb{! nbujdf-! ofpqipeop! kf! j{b! qtmfexfh! sbnb!qmpej|ub!eb!tf!qptubwj!qsfhsbeb!pebrfob!2!dn/!pe!{bexfh! {jeb!lp|ojdf!j!ob!26!nn/!pe!eob!j!eb!qpuqvop!qsjmfaf!tb!tusbof! ob! {jepwf/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! nbujdb! of! npaf! eb! qsp}f! jtqpe! qsfhsbef! b! usvupwj! j! q•fmf! nphv! tmpcpeop! eb! qsfqv{bkv! v! nfej|uf/! Ublp! kf! puwps! ob! nfej|uv! tvwj|bo/! Blp! tf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! ptubwj! eb! {jnvkf! v! nfej|uv! qpmfubrlb! qmpej|ub! pcf{cf}vkf!epcsf!vtmpwf!{b!qsf{jnrbwbxf!)wjej!qjubxf!735*/! ! 4:2/![b|up!q•fmf!j{cfhbwbkv!eb!qvof!nfepn!tb~f!lpkf!tf!obmb{j! cmj{v!qpmfubrlf!nfej|ub@! cmj{v!qpmfubrlf!nfej|ub@! Ptjhvsbwbkv~j!tf!pe!hsbcfaj!q•fmf!vwfl!tlmbej|uf!nfe!ob! nphv~f! obkvebrfojkf! nftup! pe! qpmfubrlf! b! mfhmp! pcj•op! qptubwrbkv! cmj{v! ep! xf-! {bup! |up! kf! ubnp! wfoujmbdjkb! epcsb/! Puwps! ob! nfej|uv! pufabwb! sbwopnfsop! tlmbej|ufxf! nfeb! v! tb~f! j! sbe! tb! q•fmbnb/! Fup! {b|up! lp|ojdb! usfcb! eb! jnb! tbnp! kfeov!qpmfubrlv!qptubwrfov!ob!qsfexpk!tusboj/!

189


! 4:3/! Hef! q•fmf! ptubwrbkv! wpev! lpkv! epoptf! qp! tvwpn! j! upqmpn! ebov@! ebov@! V! qfsjpev! wfmjlf! wsv~jof-! q•fmf! epoptf! v! lp|ojdv! nbmf! lbqj! wpef! j! ptubwrbkv! ji! ob! hpsxjn! vovusb|xjn! {jepwjnb! ~fmjkb! v! lpkjnb! jnb! j{mfafoji! mbswj/! Pwp! qpnbaf! p•vwbxv! wmbaoptuj!ofpqipeof!{b!sb{wpk!mbswj/! ! 4:4/!Lblp!tf!gpsnjsb!spk@! 4:4/!Lblp!tf!gpsnjsb!spk@! Spk! tf! pcj•op! gpsnjsb! v! qfsjpev! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb! lbeb! ofnb! tmfef~f! qb|f/! Tb! sbnpwb! lpkj! tv! qpqvxfoj! nfepn! q•fmf! tf! tusftv! v! spkfwlv! v! lpkpk! usfcb! eb! jnb! cbs! 3! sbnb! tb! sf{fswpn! isbof! j! puwps! {b! wfoujmbdjkv/! Tlvqrbxf! q•fmb! v! spkfwlv!qsftubkf!lbeb!ufajob!spkfwlf!eptujhof!3!.!–! 3-6!lh/!q•fmb/! Eb!cj!tf!up!vtubopwjmp!spkfwlb!tf!qsfuipeop!j{nfsj!j!{bcfmfaj/! Qsfe!{buwbsbxf!spkfwlf!v!xv!tf!tubwj!nmbeb!pqmp}fob!nbujdb/! Gpsnjsbo!spk!npaf!vwfl!eb!tf!obtfmj!v!qsfuipeop!qsjqsfnrfov! lp|ojdv!vebrfov!obknbxf!6!ln/!pe!nftub!xfhpwph!gpsnjsbxb/!V! qspujwopn! tmv•bkv! q•fmf! tf! ptubwrbkv! v! spkfwdj! ob! qsfuipeopn! nftuv! j! qsjisbxvkv! tf! sb{sf}fojn! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! v! peoptv! 4;2! )4! m/! wpef! ob! 2! lh/! |f~fsb*/! Qp|up! tf! tnjsj! vwf•f! tf! spk! qptubwj! v! qsjqsfnrfov! lp|ojdv/! Blp! v! qmpej|uv! jnb! opwpj{hsb}foph! tb~b! isbxfxf! q•fmb! npaf! eb! {bqp•of! penbi! |f~fsojn!tjsvqpn!v!peoptv!2;2-!lbeb!tf!eofwop!of!ebkf!wj|f!pe! 2!m/!Lbeb!ofnb!qb|f!q•fmf!nphv!eb!tf!isbof!ujn!tjsvqpn!kp|!21! ebob/! ! 4:5/! Lpmjlp! wsfnfob! usfcb! spk! eb! tupkj! v! spkfwlj! eb! tf! q•fmf! tnjsf@! tnjsf@! Oflpmjlp!njovub!qptmf!gpsnjsbxb!spkb!q•fmf!wf~!ptf~bkv! eb!tv!pewpkfof!pe!ptopwoph!esv|uwb/!V!spkv!tf!obmb{f!qsfufaop! nmbef! q•fmf! lpkf! njsop! qsjiwbubkv! opwv! nbujdv/! Tbnp! lbtop! gpsnjsboj! spkfwj! jnbkv! wfmjlj! cspk! tubsji! q•fmb/! V! ublbw! spk! nbujdb! usfcb! eb! tf! epeb! v! {buwpsfopn! lbwf{v-! peblmf! kf! q•fmf!

190


ptmpcb}bkv! qp|up! qpkfev! isbov! lpkpn! tv! {buwpsfoj! puwpsj/! Spk! usfcb! eb! tupkj! v! spkfwlj! obknbxf! 3! ebob! j! 3! op~j! )59! •btpwb*! j! qptmf! uphb! vwf•f! eb! tf! qsftfmj! v! qsfuipeop! qsjqsfnrfov! lp|ojdv/! ! 4:6/!Lblp!wsv~job!vuj•f!ob!mfhmp!j!tblvqrbxf!oflubsb@! 4:6/!Lblp!wsv~job!vuj•f!ob!mfhmp!j!tblvqrbxf!oflubsb@! Blp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qptubwjnp! v! mp|f! j{pmpwbov! lp|ojdv! pe! tqprof! ufnqfsbuvsf! )ob! puwpsfop! nftup! j{mpafop! tvodv*-! blujwoptuj! q•fmb! j!epoftfoj! oflubs! tf! tnbxvkv! )oflubs! ob!dwfupwjnb!qsftv|vkf*/!Lpe!qpwf~bxb!ufnqfsbuvsf!v!lp|ojdj! q•fmf! jtqv{f! j{! xf! j! wjtf! ofqplsfuop! ob! qpmfubrdj! jmj! qp! {jepwjnb!lp|ojdf!plsfovujn!tvodv!)ublp!tbnf!qsbwf!{b|ujuv!pe! wjtplf!ufnqfsbuvsf-!lpkb!kf!ob!wsfmpn!ebov!wbaojkb!pe!{b|ujuf! pe!imbeop~f!ob!imbeopn!ebov*/!Of!usfcb!eb!tf!{bcpsbwj!eb!lpe! ufnqfsbuvsf!wj|f!pe!51°T!!vhjof!twp!mfhmp!j!twf!q•fmf/!Qp{obup! kf! eb! qpe! mjnfojn! lspwpn! lp|ojdf-! tb! lpkjn! kf! qplsjwfob-! qp! mfuxpk! wsv~joj-! ufnqfsbuvsb! eptujaf! 81°T/! [bup! lpe! qsfnf|ubxb!lp|ojdf!usfcb!qptubwjuj!ublp!eb!pe!22!tbuj!v!uplv! ebob!cvev!wf~!v!tfodj/!Blp!up!ojkf!nphv~f-!oflblp!ji!{btfo•juj/! ! 4:7/!Hef!tf!obmb{j!wf~job!q•fmb!v!qfsjpev!qb|f-!v!lp|ojdj!jmj! wbo!xf@! wbo!xf@! Nftup!hef!tf!obmb{j!wf~job!q•fmb!v!qfsjpev!qb|f!{bwjtj! pe! xjipwph! v{sbtub! j! lpmj•jof! mfhmb/! Lpe! kblph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! qsfe! hmbwov! qb|v! wf~job! q•fmb! kf! v! lp|ojdj! b! qptmf! xf! ubk! peopt! kf! pcsovu/! Fup! {b|up! •bl! j! poeb! lbeb! q•fmjxbl! qsfnftujnp! ob! esvhp! nftup-! epcsp! tf! jtlpsjtuj! tmfef~b! qb|b/! Qpwprob! qsjmjlb-! lbeb! kf! wf~job! q•fmb! wbo! lp|ojdf-! kf! eb! tf! gpsnjsb! opwp! esv|uwp! qptmf! qswf! qb|f/! Ublwb! esv|uwb! tv! v! tubxv-!lpe!pcjmof!isbof!v!lp|ojdj-!eb!j{hsbef!tb~f!v!qmpej|uv! {b! ofefrv! ebob! j! nphv! eb! jtlpsjtuf! dfmv! qb|v-! blp! tf! v! obtubwbl!)nfej|uf*!qptubwj!qsb{op!tb~f/! !

191


4:8/! Npaf! mj! eb! tf! qpwf~b! lpmj•job! lpmj•job! nfeb! qspj{wfefoph! pe! q•fmb! lbeb! tf! petusboj! nbujdb! j{! lp|ojdf! qsf! qp•fulb! qswf! qb|f@! qb|f@ Lbeb! tf! petusboj! nbujdb! v! upn! qfsjpev-! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!npaf!eb!tf!tblvqj!wsmp!wfmjlb!lpmj•job!nfeb-!blp!tf! esaj! tmfef~ji! qsbwjmb;! 2/! Petusbxjwbxf! nbujdf! npaf! eb! tf! j{ws|j!lpe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!lpkf!kf!qptujhmp!nbltjnvn!sb{wpkb! qsfe! qp•fubl! hmbwof! qb|f/! Qsj! upnf! v! xfnv! usfcb! eb! jnb! nbuj•xblb! lpkj! tv! v! tubejkvnv! qsfe! {buwbsbxfn/! 3/! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!npaf!eb! tf! ptubwj! cf{! nbujdf! obkwj|f! 21! ebob/! Qptmf! uph! qfsjpeb! esv|uwp-! jmj! tbnp! pehbkb! twpkv! ofpqmp}fov! nbujdv-! jmj! usfcb! eb! nv! tf! epeb! nbujdb! lpkb! qpmbaf! kbkb! )tm/! 3*! qsfetubwrb! hsbgj•lj! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! nbujdf;! 2/! lsjwb! 2! qsfetubwrb!qpmbhbxf!kbkb!nbujdf!lpkb!tf!qptmf!uphb!)v!ub•lj!7!*! petusbxvkf/! Nmbeb! nbujdb! qptmf! 21! ebob! pe! epebwbxb! v! pcf{nbuj•fop! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp-! qp•jxf! joufo{jwop! j! evhp! wsfnf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb/! Xfob! blujwoptu! v! qpmbhbxv! kbkb! kf! qsfetubwrfob!ob!tmjdj!tb!jtqsfljebopn! lsjwpn! 3/!Qsf{jnrvkv! tbnp! pof! q•fmf! lpkf! tv! j{mfafof! pe! kbkb! lpkb! tv! qpmpafob! v! qfsjpev! p{ob•fopn! cspkfn! 6/! [b! {jnv! cj! tubsb! nbujdb! ebmb! mfhmp!•jkb!kf!qpws|job!qsfetubwrfob!lsjwpn!4/!Qpws|job!mfhmb! nmbef! nbujdf! p{ob•fob! kf! cspkfn! 5/! Lbtojkf! petusbxjwbxf! nbujdf-! qptmf! qswf! qb|f-! npaf! eb! tf! pesb{j! ofqpwprop! ob! qsjqsfnv! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {b! {jnpwbxf! j! fwfouvbmop! jtlpsj|~bwbxf!esvhji!j{wpsb!qb|f/!! ! 4:9/! V! lpn! esvhpn! djrv! tf! lpsjtuj! j{pmbups! nbujdf! ptjn! {b! pehbkbxf!q•fmb@! pehbkbxf!q•fmb@ V! qptmfexpk! eflbej! kvob! j! qswpk! eflbej! kvmb-! npaf! tf! qpnp~v! j{pmbupsb! jmj! Ibofnbopwf! sf|fulf-! phsboj•juj! qpmbhbxf!kbkb!nbujdf!tbnp!ob!efp!qmpej|ub/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!tf!{b! q•fmf!pcf{cf}vkv!wfmjlf!lpmj•jof!sf{fswf!isbof<!v!qfsjpev!cf{! qb|f! lbeb! kf! qphpeop! tuwbsbxf! spkfwb! nphv! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf! {b!

192


pehbkbxf! mfhmb/! Qptmf! epop|fxb! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! qsjspeof! isbof!j{pmbups!nbujdf!tf!petusbxvkf/! ! 4::/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!vtnfsbwbxf!mfufxb!)esftjsbxf*!q•fmb!j! 4::/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!vtnfsbwbxf!mfufxb!)esftjsbxf*!q•fmb!j! lblp!tf!ptuwbsvkf@! lblp!tf!ptuwbsvkf@! Vtnfsbwbxf! mfufxb! q•fmb! kf! wf|ub•lp! nf|bxf! v! ajwpu! q•fmb-!lpkjn!tf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!qsjtjrbwb!eb!mfuj!ob!lvmuvsf! lpkf! dwfubkv! tb! djrfn! eb! cj! ji! pqsb|jmf/! Qptujaf! tf! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! pe! cjrlf! tf! obcfsv! dwfupwj! cf{! •b|jdb! uk/! cf{! {fmfoji!efmpwb!j!qpubqbkv!tf!j{wftop!wsfnf!v!|f~fsoj!tjsvq!eb! tf! j{ws|j! fltusbldjkb! )j{mv•jwbxf*! fufsj•oji! vrb/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! bspnbuj{jsbo! tjsvq! ebkf! tf! q•fmbnb! vwf•f! eb! cj! tf! vtnfsjmf!ob!pesf}fov!lvmuvsv/!Lbp!sf{vmubu-!q•fmf!pulsjwbkv!uv! cjrlv! nbtpwop! kf! qptf~vkv-! dwfupwf! pqsb|vkv! j! tblvqrbkv! oflubs/! Vtnfsbwbxf! mfub! q•fmb! obk•f|~f! tf! lpsjtuj! {b! pqsb|jwbxf!dswfof!efufmjof/! !!

Spkfxf! Spkfxf! ! 511/!\ub!j{b{jwb!spkfxf@!! 511/!\ub!j{b{jwb!spkfxf@ Ptopwoj! v{spl! spkfxb! kf! qsfwsfnfoj! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! v! qfsjpev! lbeb! ofnb! qb|f! jmj! lbeb! tf! q•fmf! tbnp! qsjisbxvkv/! Qsfwsfnfop! tb{sfwbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! obtubkf! j{!sb{oji!sb{mphb;!qpkbwb!wfmjlf!lpmj•jof!qpmfob!v!qsjspej!)pe! sfqjdf*<!oftsb{nfsb!j{nf}v!puwpsfoph!j!{buwpsfoph!mfhmb!b!jtup! j! cspkb! nmbeji! j! tubsji! q•fmb<! ofepwpbob! lpmj•job! nmf•b<! obtmfeob! tlmpoptu! lb! spkfxv! j! es/! Spkfxv! epqsjoptj! qpwprop! {jnpwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb-!sbop!obtuvqbxf!upqmph!qspmf~b!j! qspmf~op!qsjisbxjwbxf!q•fmb/! ! 512/!\ub!qpetuj•f!spkfxf@! 512/!\ub!qpetuj•f!spkfxf@! Blp!tf!qmpej|uf!qsp|jsj!lbtop-!{b!nbujdv!ofnb!epwprop! qsb{oji! ~fmjkb! v! lpkf! ~f! qpmbhbuj! kbkb<! q•fmf! cs{p! {buwbsbkv! puwpsfop! mfhmp! b! lpe! nmbeji! q•fmb! tf! kbwrb! wj|bl! tflsfub!

193


aesfmof! amf{ef! ljkf! ofnbkv! lpnf! eb! hb! ebkv-! kfs! kf! nbmb! lpmj•job! puwpsfoph! mfhmb-! qb! hb! tbnf! lpo{vnjsbkv/! Sf{vmubu! ublp! pcjmof! isbof! blujwjsb! jn! kbkojlf! j! nmbef! q•fmf! qptubkv! bobupntlf! usvuv|f-! mbaof! nbujdf/! Up! epwpej! ep! j{hsbexf!! spkfwji!nbuj•xblb!j!ob!lsbkv!ep!spkfxb/![b!tqsf•bwbxf!spkfxb! ofpqipeop!kf!ob!wsfnf!qsp|jsjuj!qmpej|uf/!! 513/! Lblp! tf! pesbabwb! ob! spkfwp! sbtqpmpafxf! blp! mfup! mfup! plsfofnp!ob!tfwfs@! plsfofnp!ob!tfwfs@ Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! v! lp|ojdj! •jkf! kf! mfup! plsfovup! ob! tfwfs-! sfulp! tf! spkj/! Up! kf! {bup! |up! kf! lbtojkf! qspmf~op! pcmfubxf-! vtqpsfo! kf! sb{wpk! j! lbtojkf! epmb{j! ep! qvoph! tb{sfwbxb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Ublwb! esv|uwb! ojtv! qsjqsfnrfob! epcsp! {b! hmbwov! qb|v! j! {bup! tf! of! qsfqpsv•vkf! plsfubxf!mfub!lp|ojdf!ob!tfwfs/! ! 514/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!spkfxf@! 514/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!spkfxf@! Spkfxf! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j! ublp! |up! ~fnp! tmbcjn! q•fmjxfjn! esv|uwjnb! ebwbuj! sbnpwf! tb! qsbwjmop! j{hsb}fojn! tb~fn! j! {buwpsfojn! mfhmpn! j{! kblji-! b! vnftup! xji! kbljn! q•fmjxjn! esj|uwjnb! ebwbuj! sbnpwf! tb! tbuopn! ptopwpn/! Bmj! ojkf! tjhvsop! eb! mj! ~f! ublwb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! ! eb! jtlpsjtuf! qspevafov!hmbwov!qb|v/! ! 515/!Lpkb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!tf!spkf!sfulp!jmj!tf!vpq|uf!of!spkf@!! 515/!Lpkb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!tf!spkf!sfulp!jmj!tf!vpq|uf!of!spkf@ Q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! lpkb! tf! ptubwf! eb! j{hsbef! 3! jmj! 4! tbub! tb!mfhmpn-!spkf!tf!sfulp!jmj!tf!vpq|uf!of!spkf/! ! 516/!Qp!lblwjn!{obdjnb!ob!j{hsb}fopn!tb~v!npaf!eb!tf!vtubopwj! eb!mj!~f!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eb!tf!spkj@! eb!mj!~f!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!eb!tf!spkj@ Lbeb! v! qfsjpev! qb|f! q•fmf! j{hsb}vkv! ob! tbuopk! ptopwj! sbejmj•lf! ~fmjkf! up! kf! {obl! eb! of~f! eb! tf! spkj/! Blp! ob! xpk! j{hsb}vkv! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! j! qspevabwbkv! j{hsbexv-! of{bwjtop! pe! uphb! |up! qb|b! ojkf! {bws|fob-! npaf! eb! tf! {blrv•j! eb! tf! esv|uwp! tqsfnb! {b! spkfxf/! Lbeb! ob! qfsjgfsjkj!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

194


j{hsb}foji! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb-! q•fmf! {bqp•jxv! eb! qsbwf! ptopwf! {b! nbuj•xblf-! tjhvsop! kf! eb! ~f! esv|uwp! eb! tf! spkj/! Blp! v! nbuj•xbdjnb! jnb! kbkb-! up! {ob•j! eb! qsj! qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb-! npafnp!p•fljwbuj!{b!9!.!–!:!ebob!j{mfubxf!spkb/! ! 517/! Npaf! mj! tf! qp! ob•jov! j{mfubxb! q•fmb! tb! qpmfubrlf! {blrv•juj!eb!mj!tf!pof!tqsfnbkv!{b!spkfxf@ {blrv•juj!eb!mj!tf!pof!tqsfnbkv!{b!spkfxf@! f!pof!tqsfnbkv!{b!spkfxf@! Blp! j{! lp|ojdf! q•fmf! j{mf~v! cs{p! lbp! j{cb•fof! b! qsj! qpwsbulv! cs{p! vmb{f! v! lp|ojdv-! ofnb! tvnxf-! up! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! of~f! eb! tf! spkj/! Blp! kf! j{mfubxf! q•fmb! vtqpsfop! j! wf~job! xji! tupkj! ofqplsfuop! ob! qpmfubrdj! up! kf! {obl! eb! tf! tqsfnbkv!{b!spkfxf/!Up!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!usfcb!qspwfsjuj!j!blp! jnb!j{hsb}fof!nbuj•xblf!qptuvqjuj!tbhmbtop!pehpwpsv!515/! ! 518/! \ub! {ob•j! blp! kf! tb~f! tb! usvupwtljn! mfhmpn! qplsjwfop! q•fmbnb@! q•fmbnb@! Qp{obup! kf! eb! kf! ob! qpwpropn! ebov! wf~job! q•fmb! wbo! lp|ojdf-! {bup! qsjtvtuwp! nophp! q•fmb! ob! tb~v! tb! usvupwtljn! ~fmjkbnb! kf! tlpsp! tjhvsbo! {obl! {b! qp•fubl! spkfxb! lpkf! v! qsjodjqv! of! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j/! Cb|! p! upnf! kf! cjmp! sf•j! v! pehpwpsv!ob!qjubxf!514/!Nfsf!lpkf!usfcb!qsfev{fuj!tv!pqjtbof!v! pehpwpsv!ob!qjubxf!516/!! ! 519/!Lpkj!kf!obkfgjlbtojkj!ob•jo!{b!qsflje!spkfxb@ 519/!Lpkj!kf!obkfgjlbtojkj!ob•jo!{b!qsflje!spkfxb@! jkj!ob•jo!{b!qsflje!spkfxb@! Obkfgjlbtojkj! ob•jo! {b! qsflje! spkfxb! kf! eb! tf! q•fmbnb! pcf{cfej! pcjmob! qb|b/! Ubeb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp-! of! tbnp! eb! qsftubkf! eb! ebkf! {oblf! spkfxb-! ofhp! pcj•op! qp•jxf! eb! sv|j! j{hsb}fof! nbuj•xblf/! Fup! {b|up! kf! jtlrv•jwp! wbabo! {ob•bk! cmbhpwsfnfof!qsjqsfnf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{b!qb|v/!Blp!q•fmbs! of!vtqf!eb!vsbej!up!po!usfcb!cs{p!eb!qsfev{nf!lpousb!nfsf!)eb! gpsnjsb!spk!tb!nbujdpn!!.!–!wjej!qjubxf!522*/! ! 51:/! Qp! lpkjn! {obdjnb! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! eb! v! qmpej|uv! jnb! j{hsb}foji!spkfwji!nbuj•xblb@! j{hsb}foji!spkfwji!nbuj•xblb@!

195


Blp! ob! sbnv! hsb}fwxblv! jnb! nbuj•xblb! tb! qpmpafojn! kbkfn! v!xfnv-! up! {ob•j! eb! j! v! qmpej|uv! jnb! nbuj•xblb! tb! mfhmpn! v! tubejkvnv! mbswf/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! qsfev{nf! nfsf! {b! tqsf•bwbxf! spkfxb<! eb! ptmbcj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp-! eb! pewpkj! nmbef! q•fmf! j! qpkb•b! tb!xjnb!esvhp!esv|uwp<!eb!pev{nf!tb~f!tb! {buwpsfojn!mfhmpn!j!qsfnftuj!v!obtubwbl! )jmj! v! esvhp! esv|uwp*! b! ob! xjipwp! nftup! tubwj!sbnpwf!tb!tbuopn!ptopwpn!jue/! ! ! 521/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! spkfwji! j! sf{fswoji! )tmbcjkji! -! tqbtpoptoji! *! nbuj•xblb@! nbuj•xblb@! Ptopwb! spkfwji! nbuj•xblb! kf! wfmjlb/!Cpkb!jn!wbsjsb!pe!csbpo!ep!ubnop! csbpo!b!qpws|job!jn!kf!j{hsbwjsbob-!kbtop! tf! wjef! ptopwf! |ftupvhbpoji! ~fmjkb! ob! xjnb/!Sbtqpsf}foj!tv!ob!epxfn!lsbkv!tb~b! jmj! qp! mfuwjdbnb! )tm/! 56*/!Ptopwf! spkfwji! nbuj•xblb! tv! qpoflbe! tblsjwfof! v! efgpsnjtbof! efmpwf! tb~b! j! •ftup! tv! tqpkfoj! j! hsvqjtboj! pe! 3! ep! 6! nbuj•xblb/! Sf{fswoj! nbuj•xbdj! tv! qptubwrfoj! qp! tsfejoj! tb~b! tb! mfhmpn/! Plsfovuj! tv! ob! epmf! j! jnbkv! hmbulv! qpws|jov-! cf{! kbtoji! lpouvsb/! Twfumf! tv! cpkf! )tlpsp! cfmf*-! kfs! {b! xjipwv! j{hsbexv! q•fmf! lpsjtuf! twfa! wptbl/! ! 522/! \ub! qsfetubwrb! ! wf|ub•lj! ! spk! j! lblp!tf!pcsb{vkf@! lblp!tf!pcsb{vkf@!

196

Tm/!56!


Wf|ub•lj! spk! )pewpkbl*-! kf! wf|ub•lj! tuwpsfop! opwp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp/! Pcsb{vkf! tf! pe! kblph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! lpe! lphb! tf! kbwjp! obhpo! {b! spkfxf/! Eb! cj! tf! spkfxf! tqsf•jmp-! v{jnb! tf! pe! ublwph! esv|uwb! 4! sbnb! tb! {buwpsfojn! mfhmpn-! q•fmbnb! j! nbujdpn-! qsfoftf! tf! v! qsfeipeop! qsjqsfnrfov! opwv! lp|ojdv! v! lpkpk! jnb! j{hsb}foph! tb~b! j! isbof/! V! qswpn! esv|uwv! cs{p! tf! j{mfaf!opwb!nbujdb!lpkb!obkebrf!{b!23!ebob!qp•jxf!eb!qpmbaf! kbkb/! V! nf}vwsfnfov! nophf! pe! nmbeji! q•fmb! qptubkv! j{mfuojdf! j! jtlpsj|~bwbkv! v! dfmjoj! hmbwov! qb|v! {b! qspj{wpexv! nfeb! j! wptlb-! cf{! spkfxb/! V! opwpn! esv|uwv! npaf! eb! tf! {bnfoj! tubsb! nbujdb!opwpn!blp!tf!v!lp|ojdv!qptubwf!spkfwj!nbuj•xbdj!v{fuj! j{!qswph!esv|uwb/! ! 523/!V!lpn!qsbwdv!pcj•op!j{mf~f!spk@ 523/!V!lpn!qsbwdv!pcj•op!j{mf~f!spk@! j{mf~f!spk@ Qsbwbd!j{mfubxb!q•fmb!qptmf!spkfxb!{bwjtj!tbnp!pe!uphb! hef!kf!vtnfsfop!mfup/!Cb|!{bup!spk!tf!qsjiwbuj!qsfe!lp|ojdpn!b! v! wsmp! sfuljn! tmv•bkfwjnb! j{b! xf/! Pwp! nftup! pof! j{bcjsbkv! tbnp! lbeb! xjipwf! q•fmf! j{wjeojdf! of! vtqfkv! eb! ob}v! pehpwbsbkv~f! nftup! {b! obtfrfxf/! Obk•f|~f! tf! spk! viwbuj! {b! hsbov!eswfub!b!wjtjob!{bwjtj!pe!tubsptuj!j!tubxb!nbujdf/!Spk!tb! tubspn!nbujdpn!npaf!eb!tf!{bvtubwj!j!ob!{fnrj/!Blp!qptmf!uphb! qsfqv{j! v! svqv! nj|b! jmj! esvhf! ajwpujxf-! epwprop! kf! eb! tf! ep! svqf! qsjnblof! spkfwlb! )•bl! j! tb! kfeojn! sbnpn*! j! twf! q•fmf! ~f! tbnf!qsf~j!v!xv/! ! 524/!Peoptj!mj!spk!sf{fswf!qpmfob!tb!tpcpn@! 524/!Peoptj!mj!spk!sf{fswf!qpmfob!tb!tpcpn@! Lpe! j{mfubxb! j{! lp|ojdf! spk! peoptj! tb! tpcpn! tbnp! sf{fswf! nfeb! )wjej! qjubxf! 542*/! Qpmfo! nphv! eb! jnbkv! tbnp! q•fmf! lpkf! tv! tf! wsbujmf! tb! qb|f! ! v! lp|ojdv! tb! tblvqrfojn! qpmfopn!qb!tf!qsjesvaf!spkv!lpkj!j{mb{j/! ! 525/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!sv•ob!qstlbmjdb!lpe!iwbubxb!spkb@! 525/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!sv•ob!qstlbmjdb!lpe!iwbubxb!spkb@ Sv•ob! qstlbmjdb! tf! lpsjtuj! lpe! iwbubxb! wfmjlji! u{w/! {cjsoji! spkfwb/! [cjsoj! spkfwj! tb! nmbejn! nbujdbnb! )esvhj! j!

197


usf~j! spk*! of! {besabwbkv! tf! evhp! wsfnf! ob! kfeopn! nftuv! )•ftup! •bl!of!wj|f!pe!qpmb!tbub!wjtf!ob!hsboj!v!wjev!hsp{eb*/!Fup!{bup-! epl! q•fmf! kp|! ojtv! tblvqrfof! v! hsp{e-! usfcb! eb! tf! obqstlbkv! wpepn! qpnp~v! sv•of! qstlbmjdf/! Ubeb! spk! pcsb{vkf! lmvcf! lpkf! tf! {bujn!tlvqrb!v!spkfwlv!ob!vpcj•bkfoj!ob•jo/!

Tm/!57!

! 526/!\ub!kf!ofpqipeop!{b!iwbubxf!spkb@ ub!kf!ofpqipeop!{b!iwbubxf!spkb@! 526/!\ ub!kf!ofpqipeop!{b!iwbubxf!spkb@ [b! iwbubxf! qsjspeoph! spkb! usfcb! qsf!twfhb!jnbuj!spkfwlv!tb!ewb!j{hsb}fob! sbnb-! jmj! 3! qsb{ob! sbnb! qpwf{bob! tb! ajdpn!)eb!tf!nphv!qpej~j!ep!spkb-!)tm/!57*! j! mpqbujdv-! ejnjmjdv-! •fulv! )jmj! qfsv|lv*-! q•fmbstlv! lbqv-! nblb{f! wp~bstlf-! uftufsjdv-! qstlbmjdv! j! nfsefwjof! )blp! usfcbkv*/! Blp! kf! spk! ob! ublwpk! wjtjoj! eb! npaf! eb! tf! epiwbuj-! 3! qsb{ob! sbnb! tv! qpuqvop! epwprob! {b!

198

Tm/!58!


! !

iwbubxf!spkb/!Qpejhov!tf!ep!spkb!j!q•fmf!qsfmb{f!ob!xji/!Qptmf! uphb!sbnpwf!tbnp!tqvtujnp!v!lp|ojdv/!Kp|!kf!cprf!blp!v!kfeopn! sbnv!jnb!puwpsfop!mfhmp/!Jmj!tf!lpsjtuj!tljeb•!spkb-!tm/58/! ! 527/![b|up!spk!wjtj!v!wjev!hsp{eb@! 527/![b|up!spk!wjtj!v!wjev!hsp{eb@! Vuws}fop! kf! eb! pewpkfob! q•fmb! )tbnb*! npaf! eb! j{hvcj! {b! ebo! 36&! pe! twpkf! ufajof-! epl! v! spkfwpn! hsp{ev! pob! hvcj! tbnp! 2-6&!pe!ufajof/!Up!{ob•j!eb!tv!q•fmf!tblvqrfof!v!hsp{e!eftfu! qvub! j{esarjwjkf! pe! qpkfejob•oji/! Pof! tf! tblvqrbkv! v! spkfwj! hsp{e! eb! cj! nphmf! qp! imbeopk! op~j! {bkfeop! eb! pesaf! ofpqipeov! ufnqfsbuvsv!)tm/!59*/!

Tm/!59! ! 528/!Npaf!mj!q•fmbs!eb!cvef!tjhvsbo!eb!~f!viwbujuj!spk!blp!kf! viwbujp!tbnp!nbujdv@! viwbujp!tbnp!nbujdv@! Blp!kf!q•fmbs!viwbujp!nbujdv!npaf!eb!cvef!tjhvsbo!eb!~f! eb!viwbuj!j!spk!•bl!!j!v!tmv•bkv!lbeb!kf!sf•!j!p!qswpn!spkv/!Q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! cs{p! pulsjwbkv! vmpwrfov! nbujdv! qptubwrfov! v! spkfwlv-! cmj{v! mfuf~fh! spkb! j! tblvqf! tf! plp! xf! v! lmvcf/! V! {cjsojn!spkfwjnb!pcj•op!jnb!oflpmjlp!nbujdb!j!{bup!pof!usfcb! eb!tf!jtusftv!v!spkfwlv!ob!vpcj•bkfoj!ob•jo/!!

199


! 529/!\ub!kf!spkfw!puwps@!! 529/!\ub!kf!spkfw!puwps@ Kfebo! ep! ewb! tbub! qp! vtubopwrfxv! qsjspeoph! spkb-! ob! qpws|joj!nv!tf!pcsb{vkf!puwps!lsp{!lpkj!q•fmf!nphv!tmpcpeop!eb! j{mf~v!j!mblp!eb!sb{nfxvkv!nftub/! ! 52:/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!esvhptufqfoj!spk@! 52:/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!qpknpn!esvhptufqfoj!spk@ Esvhptufqfoj! spk! j{mf~f! v! kvmv! jmj! bwhvtuv! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! lpkf! tf! spkjmp! v! bqsjmv! jmj! nbkv! uk/! pe! qswph! spkb/! Lpe! epcsph! qsjisbxjwbxb! qswj! spk! ofhvkf! mfhmp! j! v! upn! esv|uwv! qpopwp!tf!kbwrb!spkfwp!sbtqpmpafxf/! ! 531/!\ub!kf!hmbebo!spk@! 531/!\ub!kf!hmbebo!spk@! Hmbebo! spk! tf! kbwrb! {cph! ufaxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! eb! pulsjkf! obkqpwprojkf! j{wpsf! pcjmof! qb|f/! Up! kf! kfebo! wje! jotujolub! {b! qsfnf|ubxf! qpwf{bo! tb! jotujolupn! {b! spkfxf/! Hmbeoj!spk!of!ptubwrb!v!lp|ojdj!ojlblwf!sf{fswf!isbof-!mfhmp! j! q•fmf! uk/! kbwrbxf! ublwph! spkb! p{ob•bwb! qpuqvop! qsbaxfxf! lp|ojdf! pe! hmbevkv~ji! q•fmb/! [b! xji! kf! up! kfejob! nphv~optu! eb! pqtubov/! ! 532/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfwbkv~j!spk@! 532/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qfwbkv~j!spk@ Qpoflbe!qsfe!spkfxf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!ptubkf!cf{!nbujdf-! {cph! qsjspeof! kpk! tnsuj! jmj! {cph! ofqbarjwf! nbojqvmbdjkf! q•fmbsb/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! esv|uwp! lpkf! tf! ob|mp! v! spkfwpn! tubxv! tf! spkj! )j{mf~f*! tb! kfeopn! nmbepn! nbujdpn/! Pwbk! spk! tf! ob{jwb! qfwbkv~j! {bup! |up! ofpqmp}fob! nbujdb! mfaj! ob! tb~v-! qpejhof! uscv|•j~! j! pebkf! {wvlf! ″uv! .–! uv! .! uv″/! Esvhf! nbujdf! lpkf! tf! kp|! obmb{f! v! {buwpsfojn! nbuj•xbdjnb! ! pehpwbsbkv! evcpljn! {wvlpn!! ″lwb! .! –lwb″/! Kp|! ojkf! sb{kb|xfop! {b|up! nbujdb! ″qfwb″! bmj! tf! qsfuqptubwrb! eb! kf! up! j{sb{! v{bkbnof! nsaxf! ! xf! tb! tvqbsojdbnb!lpkf!tf!nf}vtpcop!cpsf!ob!ajwpu!j!tnsu/! ! 533/!Npaf!mj!spk!eb!tf!qptubwj!ob!tb~f!qpqstlbop!nfepn@ 533/!Npaf!mj!spk!eb!tf!qptubwj!ob!tb~f!qpqstlbop!nfepn@! j!spk!eb!tf!qptubwj!ob!tb~f!qpqstlbop!nfepn@

200


Qsjspeoj!spkfwj!tv!uf|lj-!ptopwob!ufajob!jn!tf!pesf}vkf! qsfnb! lpmj•joj! nfeb! lpkv! optj! tb! tpcpn/! Blp! tf! ublbw! spk! qptubwj! ob! tb~f! qpqstlbop! nfepn! po! ~f! cs{p! eb! j{mfuj! j{! lp|ojdf! uk/! v! pwpn! tmv•bkv! nfe! tf! kbwrb! lbp! qsfqsflb! {b! {besabwbxf! spkb/! Eb! cj! nphmf! q•fmf! lpmjlp! kf! nphv~f! csaf! eb! tf!ptmpcpef!pe!uf|lph!upwbsb-!qsfqpsv•vkf!tf!eb! tf!nf}v!tbuof! ptopwf!qptubwj! cbs!kfebo!opw!tbu!v!lpkj!~f!q•fmf! eb!tlmbej|uf! nfe!!j!penbi!eb!qp•ov!j{hsbexv!opwph!tnf|ubkb/!Ob!{besabwbxf! spkb! v! lp|ojdj! of! qplb{vkf! vujdbk! usrbxf! {jepwb! tb! njsjtojn! usbwbnb/!Ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!pcf{cfej!•jtub! lp|ojdb!qpqvxfob! tb~fn!j!tbuojn!pbtopwbnb/!! ! 534/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! qp{ob! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! j{! lpkfhb! tf! qsjqsfnb!eb!j{mfuj!esvhj!spk@! qsjqsfnb!eb!j{mfuj!esvhj!spk@! [b! kfeov! tfenjdv! qp! j{mfubxv! qswph! spkb-! p•flvkf! tf! eb! j{mfuj! j! esvhj! spk/! Kfebo! ebo! qsf! uphb! )blp! j{mfubxf! ojkf! {besabop!ofqpwprojn! wsfnfopn*!npaf!eb!tf! •vkf!qp{jwoj!{wvl!! ″uv! .–! uv! .–! uv″/! Up! tf! •vkf! qptfcop! kbtop! qsfe! wf•f! v! qsfwp{opn! tsfetuwv-! qsj! usbotqpsuv! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! blp! tf! q•fmbs! obmb{j! v! xfnv/! Joufsftbouop! kf! eb! tf! qsfe! spkfxf! nbujdf! of! obqbebkv! nf}vtpcop-! lblp! kf! up! lpe! qfwbkv~fh! spkb! )wjej! qjubxf! 535*-! tfn! v! tmv•bkv! lbeb! tv! v! ofqptsfeopk! cmj{joj! uf! tv! bhsftjwof!kfeob!qsfnb!esvhpk/!Qp{obup!kf!eb!tf!spkfwof!nbujdf!of! j{mfav! jtupwsfnfop! wf~! qptufqfop! tb! sb{nblpn! pe! oflpmjlp! ebob/! Cb|! j{! uph! sb{mphb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! nphv! eb! tf! spkf! oflpmjlp! qvub! )qsptf•op! v! tf{poj! pe! kfeoph! esv|uwb! j{mf~f! 5! spkb*/! ! 535/![b|up!tv!dfxfoj!esvhj!spkfwj@! 535/![b|up!tv!dfxfoj!esvhj!spkfwj@! ! Esvhj! spkfwj! tv! dfxfoj-! {bup! |up! twblj! pe! xji! jnb! qp! oflpmjlp!nmbeji!nbujdb!j!{bup!tf!spk!iwbub-!of!v!kfeopn-!wf~!v!3! .–! 4! spkfwb! hsp{eb/!Pe! twji! uji! nbujdb! v! spkv! ptubkf! tbnp! kfeob! j! {bup!pof!usfcb!eb!tf!viwbuf!kp|!qsj!iwbubxv!spkb!j!ob!ubk!ob•jo!

201


eb!tf!•vwbkv!pe!voj|ubwbxb/!Esvhj!spkfwj!tv!dfxfoj!j!{bup!|up! j{hsb}vkv!qswfotuwfop!tb~f!tb!sbejmj•ljn!~fmjkbnb/! ! 536/! Npaf! mj! pe! kfeoph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! eb! j{mfuj! jtupwsfnfop!ewb!spkb@! jtupwsfnfop!ewb!spkb@ J{! kfeoph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! nphv! jtupwsfnfop! eb! j{mfuf! ewb! spkb! tbnp! blp! kf! j{mfubxf! qswph! spkb! cjmp! {besabop! {cph! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb-! ep! j{mfhbxb! nmbef! nbujdf/! V! upn!tmv•bkv!qsj!spkfxv!jtupwsfnfop!tb!qswjn!j{mf~f!j!esvhj!spk/! Pcj•op! pcb! spkb! pcsb{vkv! kfeop! lmvcf/! J{mf~v! {bkfeop! j! poeb! lbeb! qsfe! spkfxf! b! qpoflbe! j! v! wsfnf! spkfxb! vhjof! tubsb! pqmp}fob! nbujdb/! Q•fmf! lpkf! tv! ptubmf! cf{! nbujdf! wsb~bkv! tf!

Tm/!5:!

ob{be! v! lp|ojdv! j! •flbkv! j{mfhbxf! nmbef! nbujdf/! Qptmf! uphb! ptjspufmj! qswj! spk! j{mf~f! {bkfeop! tb! esvhjn-! bmj! tb! nmbepn! pqmp}fopn! nbujdpn/! J{pmpwbxf! nbujdf! v! qmpej|uv! qsfe! p•fljwbop! spkfxf! of! npaf! eb! tqsf•j! spkfxf/! Spk! j{mf~f! tb! nmbepn! nbujdpn! )v! tv|ujoj! j{mf~f! qswj! j! esvhj! spk*-! b! nbujdb! lpkb!qpmbaf!kbkb!ptubkf!j{pmpwbob!v!lp|ojdj/!Q•fmbs!vsws}vkf!up! qptmf! spkfxb! esv|uwb! qsj! qsfhmfev! lp|ojdf! )pob! kf! qpmvqsb{ob*/! ! 537/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!pcsb{pwbxf!{cjsoph!spkb@ 537/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!pcsb{pwbxf!{cjsoph!spkb@! kb@

202


Pcbsb{pwbxf!{cjsoph!spkb!)wfmjlph*!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo! )tm/! 5:*/! Lbeb! kf! j{b|bp! spk! )2*! lp|ojdb! tb! esv|uwpn! lpkf! tf! spkjmp! )3*! qsfnf|ub! tf! ob! esvhp! nftup! v! q•fmjxblv!)5*/!Ob!xfhpwp!nftu!tf!qptubwj!esvhb! lp|ojdb!)6*!tb! viwb~fojn! spkfn-! lpkb! jnb! tbuof! ptopwf! j! kfebo! qsb{bo! tbu-! qptubwrb!tf!qplmpqob!ebtlb!)qplsjwb•*!j!puwbsb!tf!qpmfubrlb/! Poeb!tf!spkv!qsjlrv•vkv!twf!q•fmf!j{mfuojdf!lpkf!tf!obmb{f!wbo! lp|ojdf! lbp! j! pof! pe! qsfnf|ufof! )qswpcjuof*! lp|ojdf/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo!spkfop!esv|uwp!ptubkf!cf{!j{mfuojdb!j!{bup!usfcb!vwfl!eb! tf! qsjisbxvkf! j! qpkj! wpepn/! Pe! xfhb! nphv! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf! twj! {buwpsfoj! nbuj•xbdj-! lbeb! tf! ptubwj! tbnp! kfebo! qp! nphv~tuwv! obktubsjkj!){bup!|up!~f!q•fmf!j!cf{!uphb!eb!qpsv|f!nbuj•xblf*/! Pwp!esv|uwp!of!npaf!eb!tf!spkj!esvhj!qvu!v!jtupk!hpejoj/!V!splv! pe! kfeof! tfenjdf! pop! j{hmfeb! lbp! eb! ~f! eb! vhjof-! bmj! qptmf! 8! ebob! nmbef! q•fmf! qptubkv! j{mfuojdf/! Blp! ofnb! qb|f! spk! usfcb! eb! tf! qsjisboj! pcjmop! kp|! tmfef~j! ebo/! Qptmf! kfeof! tfenjdf! qmpej|uf! kf! wf~! j{hsb}fop! j! v! ~fmjkbnb! jnb! qpmpafoji! kbkb/! Eftfu!ebob!lbtojkf!pcb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!tv!kfeoblp!kblb!j!lbeb! {bqp•of! qb|b! jtlpsj|~bwbkv! kf! nbltjnbmop/V! ptopwopn! )spkfopn*!!esv|uwv!tubsb!nbujdb!npaf!eb!tf!{bnfoj!nmbepn!lpkb! tf! j{mfhmb! j{! ptubwrfoji! spkfwji! nbuj•xblb/! Qsj! upnf! kf! ofpqipeop!eb!tf!qspwfsj!eb!mj!nbujdb!qpmbaf!kbkb/!! ! 538/!Lbeb!{cjsoj!spk!npaf!eb!tf!qpkb•b!!tb!!esvhjn!spkfn@! 538/!Lbeb!{cjsoj!spk!npaf!eb!tf!qpkb•b!!tb!!esvhjn!spkfn@! [cjsoj! spk! npaf! eb! tf! qpkb•b! tb! esvhjn! spkfn! v! tmfef~fn! tmv•bkv!b*!!! blp!v!qfsjpev!spkfxb!v!wb{eviv!lsvaj!esvhj!{cjsoj! spk-! efp! q•fmb! lpkj! tf! qsjqbkb! lb! uflv~fn! pcsb{pwbopn! spkv-! c*! blp!tf!nmbejn!q•fmbnb!{cjsoph!spkb!lpkf!tf!wsb~bkv!tb!hsbcfab!v! twpkv! lp|ojdv! qsjqpkf! q•fmf! obqbeovuph! esv|uwb! )wjej! qjubxf! 458*-! w*! blp! tf! {cjsoj! spk! tmv•bkop! obtubojp! v! lp|ojdv! esvhph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! lpkf! tf! qsjqsfnb! {b! spkfxf/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! {cjsoj!spk!npaf!eb!tf!qpkb•b!{b!wfmj•jov!esvhph/! ! 539/!Npaf!mj!spk!eb!tf!wsbuj!v!lp|ojdv!qptmf!4!. 539/!Npaf!mj!spk!eb!tf!wsbuj!v!lp|ojdv!qptmf!4!.!5!ebob@! !5!ebob@!

203


Spk! tf! wsb~b! ob{be! v! twpkv! lp|ojdv! tbnp! v! tmv•bkv! blp! j{hvcj! nbujdv! jmj! qsj! lsbkxf! ofqpwprojn! lmjnbutljn! vtmpwjnbj! ! j! up! penbi! qptmf! spkfxb! epl! tf! ojkf! obtfmjmp/! J{mfufmj! spk! pcj•op! jnb! tnf|ubk! lpkj! tv! pulsjmf! q•fmf! j{wjeojdf!peblmf!tf!wj|f!of!wsb~b/!Nophp!sfulp!spk!j{mf~f!cf{! qsfuipeop! ob}foph! nftub! {b! obtfrbwbxf/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! po! pemfuj! ob! eftfubl! ljmpnfubsb! pe! lp|ojdf! j! of! npaf! eb! ob}f! qvu!ob{be/! ! 53:/!Usfcb!mj!spk!eb!tf!esaj!{buwpsfo!ep!wf•fsj!qb!qptmf!uphb! eb!tf!qptubwj!v!opwv!lp|ojdv@! eb!tf!qptubwj!v!opwv!lp|ojdv@ Tubopwj|uf! eb! spkfwlb! tb! spkfn! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! v! imbeov! qsptupsjkv! eb! cj! tf! spk! pckfejojp-! kf! ofqsbwjmop/! Spk! tf! pckfejxvkf! kp|! v! wsfnf! spkfxb! j! {bup! penbi! pcsb{vkf! spkfwj! hsp{e/! Lbeb! tf! gpsnjsb! ewb! jmj! wj|f! spkfwji! hsp{epwb-! up! tf! sbej! p! {cjsopn! spkv! tb! oflpmjlp! ofpqmp}foji! nbujdb! j! twblj! hsp{e! npaf! eb! tf! pewpkj! lbp! qptfcbo! nbmj! spk/! [buwbsbxf! qsjspeoph! spkb! ojkf! qpusfcop-! up! tf! •joj! tbnp! v! tmv•bkv! usbotqpsub! ob! esvhp! ebrf! nftup/! Lpe! qsjspeoph! spkb! mfup! ! ob! lp|ojdj!usfcb!eb!cvef!puwpsfop/! ! 541/!Lblwp!kf!qpob|bxf!spkb!obtfrfoph!v!lp|ojdv@! 541/!Lblwp!kf!qpob|bxf!spkb!obtfrfoph!v!lp|ojdv@! Qptmf!obtfrbwbxb!spkb!q•fmf!v!xfnv!tv!njsof!tbnp!blp!v! xfnv!jnb!nbujdb/!J{mfuojdf!lpkf!tv!tf!spkjmf!cs{p!tf!wsb~bkv!v! lp|ojdv! j! ptfujw|j! njsjt! nbuj•of! nbufsjkf! tqv|ubkv! tf! ob! qpmfubrlv! tb! hmbwpn! plsfovupn! lb! mfuv-! v•wstuf! tf! epcsp! j! qpejhbw|j! uscv|•j~f! qp•ov! eb! qspwfusbwbkv! lp|ojdv-! lbeb! nb|v!fofshj•op!lsjmjnb/!V!lp|ojdj!pof!tf!qpob|bkv!njsop-!|up! kf! tjhvsbo! {obl! eb! kf! nbujdb! vovusb! j! eb! kf! twf! v! sfev/! V! qspujwopn! tmv•bkv! spkfof! q•fmf! tf! lsf~v! ofswp{op! qp! qsfexfn! {jev!lp|ojdf!j!mfuf!v!twjn!qsbwdjnb!eb!ob}v!nbujdv/!Blp!kf!ob! ob}v! pof! tf! wsb~bkv! ob{be! v! qsf}b|xv! nbuj•ov! lp|ojdv! )blp! vtqfkv! eb! kf! ob}v*! jmj! tf! tqbkbkv! tb! tvtfeojn! q•fmjxjn! esv|uwpn/!!

204


! 542/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!{bqp•of!qsjisbxjwbxf!spkb@!! 542/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!{bqp•of!qsjisbxjwbxf!spkb@ Qsjspeoj! spk! optj! tb! tpcpn! sf{fswf! nfeb! lpkf! tv! nv! epwprof!{b!oflpmjlp!ebob/!Spkfwf!q•fmf!pcj•op!tf!obtfrbwbkv!v! lp|ojdv! hef! tv! qptubwrfof! tbnp! tbuof! ptopwf/! Ob! xjnb! q•fmf! usfcb!qswp!eb!j{hsbef!~fmjkf!j!eb!tf!qptmf!uphb!kfewb!ptmpcpef! nfeb! lpkj! jn! kf! epumf! tnfubp/! Fup! {b|up! usfcb! eb! tf! qp•of! tb! qsjisbxjwbxfn! usf~j! ebo! qp! obtfrbwbxv! spkb/! Pqsbwebop! kf! v! lp|ojdv! qptubwjuj! 3! .! 4! qsb{ob! tbub! hef! ~f! q•fmf! pempajuj! sf{fswf!isbof-!j!tbu!tb!{buwpsfojn!nfepn!j!kfebo!sbn!tb!tbuopn! ptopwpn! eb! nphv! j{hsb}jwbuj! ~fmjkf/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! qsjisbxjwbxf! npaf! eb! qp•of! tmfef~fh! ebob! qp! obtfrbwbxv! spkb-! {bup! |up! ~f! ob! wfmjlpn! efmv! tbuof! ptopwf! q•fmf! eb! j{hsbef!~fmjkf!j!nphv!v!xji!eb!tlmbej|uf!qpmfo!j!oflubs/!V!upn! wsfnfov!nbujdb!~f!wf~!eb!qp•of!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb/! ! 543/!Ob!lblwp!sbtupkbxf!j{mf~f!spk!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!vmpwj@! 543/!Ob!lblwp!sbtupkbxf!j{mf~f!spk!j!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!vmpwj@ Qptmf! j{mbafxb! j{! lp|ojdf! twblj! spk! j{mf~f! ob! lsbulp! sbtupkbxf<! pcj•op! tf! {bvtubwj! ob! ebrjoj! of! wf~pk! pe! 31! n/! pe! qswpcjuoph! qsfcjwbmj|ub/! Blp! tf! qswj! spk! {bvtubwj! ob! tfopwjupn!nftuv!)pcj•op!ob!eswfuv!v! cmj{joj*-!po!tf!{besaj!uv! ep! esvhph! ebob/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! q•fmbs! npaf! eb! of! avsj! tb! iwbubxfn! spkb/! [cjsoj! )wfmjlj*! spk! tb! nmbejn! nbujdbnb! {besabwb!tf!of!wj|f!pe!qpmb!tbub!v!gpsnj!spkfwph!hsp{eb-!qptmf! •fhb! pemfuj! j! {bup! q•fmbs! sj{jlvkf! eb! hb! jtqvtuj/! Fup! {b|up-! penbi-!•jn!qsjnfuj!esvhj!)jmj!tmfef~j*!{cjsoj!spk-!usfcb!eb!hb! qpqstlb!wpepn!j!qptmf!pcsb{pwbxb!hvtuph!lmvcfub!eb!hb!tblvqj/! Blp! spk! pemfuj! pe! nftub! hef! tf! cjp! viwbujp! wf~! kf! nophp! uf|lp! eb!tf!qsbuj-!{bup!|up!npaf!eb!tf!vebrj!ob!wfmjlp!sbtupkbxf/!! ! 544/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!j{!lpkf!lp|ojdf!kf!j{b|bp!spk@!! 544/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!j{!lpkf!lp|ojdf!kf!j{b|bp!spk@ Lbe! qspob}f! spk! q•fmbs! •ftup! of! {ob! j{! lpkf! lp|ojdf! kf! j{b|bp/Up! npaf! mblp! eb! tf! vuwsej! qpnp~v! q•fmb! qptvuji! csb|opn/!V!upn!djrv!pe!spkb!tf!v{nf!oflpmjlp!q•fmb!j!tubwj! v!

205


lvujkv!pe!|jcjdb!v!lpkpk!jnb!csb|ob/!Lbeb!tf!tblvqj!spk!qvtuf!tf! q•fmf!j{!lvujkf!tb!csb|opn/!Qswp!~f!pof!eb!mfuf!ob!nftup!hef!kf! cjp! spk-! bmj! qp|up! hb! of! ob}v! ubnp! pof! tf! vtnfsf! v! lp|ojdv! j{! lpkf!tv!tf!spkjmf/!! ! 545/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!lbeb!tf!ob}f!spk@ 545/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!lbeb!tf!ob}f!spk@! qb!lbeb!tf!ob}f!spk@! ! Spk-! •jkf! qpsflmp! kf! ofj{wftop! {b! q•fmbsb-! usfcb! eb! tf! voj|uj-!lbeb!tf!{bejnj!tvnqpspn-!{bup!|up!kf!nphv~f!eb!v!xfnv! jnb! j{b{jwb•b! cpmftuj! j! lpe! obtfrbwbxb! v! lp|ojdv! npaf! eb! {bsb{j!tvtfeob!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb/!! ! !!!!!!!!

Qplsfuop!!q•fmbstuwp Qplsfuop!!q•fmbstuwp! wp! ! 546/!Pe!lbeb!kf!qp{obup!qplsfuop!q•fmbstuwp@! 546/!Pe!lbeb!kf!qp{obup!qplsfuop!q•fmbstuwp@ Kp|!v!tubsb!wsfnfob!rvej!tv!{bcfmfajmj-!eb!blp!ip~f!eb! epcjkv!pe!kblph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!wfmjlv!qspj{wpexv-!usfcb!eb! hb!qsfnf|ubkv!ep!j{wpsb!pcjmof!qb|f/!V!Fhjquv!oqs/!q•fmbsj!tv! tf!qsfnf|ubmj!tb!twpkjn!lp|ojdbnb!lsbkfn!plupcsb!v!hpsxj!upl! Ojmb!b!qp•fulpn!gfcsvbsb!tf!wsb~bmj!ob{be!v!efmuv/!Qvupwbmj! tv!v!•bndjnb!j!wpejmj!tv!ub•bo!j{wf|ubk!p!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb! lpkb! tv! tf! obmb{jmb! v! twblpn! •bndv! tb! ob{ob•fopn! besftpn! wmbtojlb/!Poj!tv!{obmj!eb!wfhfubdjpoj!qfsjpe!cjrblb!v!hpsxfn! Fhjquv! qp•jxf! 7! tfenjdb! sbojkf! pe! jtuji! v! efmuj! sflf! j! v! {bwjtoptuj!pe!uphb!pesf}jwbmj!tv!wsfnf!{b!qsfnf|ubxf!q•fmb/! Q•fmbsj! j! xjipwj! spcpwj! usfcbmp! kf! tbnj! eb! wvlv! •bndf! lbeb! ojkf! evwbp! wfubs! v! qpusfcopn! qsbwdv/! Lp|ojdf! tv! ptubwrbmj! v! •bndjnb! j! qp! evcjoj! qpubqbxb! •bnbdb! )wbufs! mjojkb*! pesf}jwbmj! pcjrf! qb|f/! Sjnrboj! tv! tf! qbl! qsjcmjabwbmj! qsfnb! uplv! sflf! Qp-! lpkf! qpnjxf! Qmjojkf! Tubsjkj/! Hs•lj! q•fmbsj-! usbaf~j! qb|v-! jtup! tv! qvupwbmj! tb! lp|ojdbnb! ob! sbtupkbxv! plp! 211! ln/! pe! Bibkb! ep! Bujlf! bmj! qswfotuwfop! qp! tv|j/!!

206


! 547/! Tb! •jn! kf! evabo! eb! tf! vqp{ob! q•fmbs! qsfe! qsfwpafxf! lp|ojdb!ob!esvhp!nftup@! lp|ojdb!ob!esvhp!nftup@! Q•fmbs! kf! evabo! eb! tf! vqp{ob! tb! qsbwojn! qspqjtjnb! j! sfepn! {b! usbotqpsupwbxf! q•fmb/! V! qspujwopn! tmv•bkv! npaf! jnbuj!ofqsjkbuoptuj!ob!qvuv/!! ! 548/! Lblbw! npaf! npaf! eb! cvef! sb{mph! ptmbcrjwbxb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!v!usbotqpsuv!•bl!j!lpe!epwprof!wfoujmbdjkf@! esv|uwb!v!usbotqpsuv!•bl!j!lpe!epwprof!wfoujmbdjkf@! Ptmbcrjwbxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! usbotqpsuv! npaf! eb! cvef! j{b{wbop! pe! oftubcjmoph! v•ws|~jwbxb! sbnpwb! v! lp|ojdj! )tm/! 61*! 2/! gjltjsbkv~j! lmjo<! 3/! sbnpwj<! 4/! {je! lp|ojdf/! V! upn! tmv•bkv!sbnpwj!tf!lsf~v!tmpcpeop!v!lp|ojdj!j!qsjujtlbkv!nophp! q•fmb/!

Tm/!61!

! 549/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!qptmf!qsfnf|ubxb!q•fmf!{bcpsbwf!nftup!hef! kf!cjmb!qptubwrfob!xjipwb!lp|ojdb@! kf!cjmb!qptubwrfob!xjipwb!lp|ojdb@! Oflj! q•fmbsj! tnbusbkv! eb! 4! ebob! qptmf! qsfnf|ubxb! lp|ojdb! wf~job! q•fmb! {bcpsbwj! qsfuipeop! kpk! nftup/! Esvhj! tv! qspcbmj!eb!eplbav!eb!q•fmf!qbnuf!up!nftup!{b!evaf!wsfnf/!Eb! tf!sb{kbtoj!up!qjubxf!cjp!kf!qspwfefo!phmfe!v!lpkfn!kf!v!usbkbxv!

207


pe!4!hpejof-!23!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!cjmp!j{pmpwbop!{b!4-!21!j!71! ebob/!Sf{vmubuj!tv!qplb{bmj!eb-!!!tqptpcoptu!q•fmb!eb!{bqbnuf! qsf}b|xf!nftup!twpkf!lp|ojdf-!hvcj!tf!nophp!tqpsp/!Lpe!wf~jof! xji!ubk!qspdft!tf!qspevabwb!tlpsp!nftfd!ebob/!Pwp!jnb!wfmjlj! {ob•bk! {b! qpkb•bwbxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! qsfe! qp•fubl! hmbwof! qb|f/! Qptmf! {jnf! q•fmf! qpuqvop! {bcpsbwf! qsf}b|xf! nftup! lp|ojdf-!blp!ojtv!j{ws|jmf!ubnp!qsp•jtoj!mfu!{jnj/! ! 54:/!\ub!usfcb!eb!qpoftf!tb!tpcpn!q•fmbs!qsj!tfpcj!q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb!ob!esvhp!nftup@! esv|ubwb!ob!esvhp!nftup@! Blp!q•fmbs!qsfwp{j!lp|ojdf!tqfdjkbmojn!wp{jmpn!v!xfnv! pcj•op!jnb!twf!|up!~f!nv!cjuj! ofpqipeop/!Qsj!tfpcj!q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb!blp!lpsjtuj!esvhp!qsfwp{op!tsfetuwp-!qsf!qpmbtlb!ob! qvu!q•fmbs!usfcb!eb!qspwfsj!!eb!mj!kf!ptjhvsbp!ovabo!jowfoubs!! j! up! cb|;! dfousjgvhv! )blp! ~f! wsdbuj! nfe! ob!ufsfov*-! q•fmbstlj! opa-! tvepwf! {b! nfe-! qpkjmjdv-! tvo•boj! upqjpojl! {b! wptbl-! lp|ojdf-! qprtlj! mfabk! tb! nbesbdpn-! wsf~v! {b! tqbwbxf-! ejnjmjdv-! yfqoj! opa-! •fulv-! spkfwlv! {b! iwbubxf! spkfwb-! sf{fswof! sbnpwf-! tbuof! ptopwf! -! lbwf{f! {b! nbujdf-! sf|p-! nbufsjkbm! {b! pcfmfabwbxf-! •flj~-! lrf|ub-! fltfsf! sb{oji! wfmj•job-! uftufsv-! tfljsv-! efcfmv! ajdv-! obkmpotlj! lpopqbd-! qmbtufmjo-! sv•ov! qstlbmjdv-! cbufsjktlv! mbnqv/! Po! usfcb! eb! qpoftf! kp|! lj|pcsbo-! hvnfof! •j{nf-! qjtb~j! qsjcps-! twftlv! {b! cfmf|lf-! ep{wpmv! {b! usbotqpsupwbxf! )tfpcv*-! sbeop! pefmp-! |jwb~j!qsjcps-!vrf-!wb{fmjo-!qsjsv•ov!bqpuflv!j!es/! ! 551/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!ptjhvsb!qspwfusbwbxf!q•fmb! 551/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!ptjhvsb!qspwfusbwbxf!q•fmb! qsj!qsfwp{v!lp|ojdb@! qsj!qsfwp{v!lp|ojdb@! Qsj! qsfwp{v! lp|ojdb-! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! ptjhvsb! epcsp! qspwfusbwbxf! twji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Qsptups! {b! lsfubxf! q•fmb!v!lp|ojdj!usfcb!eb!cvef!epwprop!wfmjlj!b!lp|ojdf!eb!tv! {b|uj~fof! pe! ejsfluoji! tvo•fwji! {sblpwb/! Q•fmbs! kf! evabo! eb! of! {bcpsbwj! eb! tf! qsfwp{! of! ws|j! tbnp! op~v! j! eb! cj! tqsf•jp!

208


vhjov~f! q•fmb! pe! {bhv|fxb! usfcb! eb! ptjhvsb! qsfexf! qspwfusbwbxf!tb!{btfo•jwbxfn!lp|ojdb/! ! 552/!Nphv!mj!lp|ojdf!eb!tf!tfmf!tb!puwpsfojn!mfupn@! 552/!Nphv!mj!lp|ojdf!eb!tf!tfmf!tb!puwpsfojn!mfupn@! Tfpcb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! tb! lp|ojdbnb! tb! puwpsfojn! mfupn! of! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! •bl! oj! ob! lsbuljn! sbtupkbxjnb/! Qsj! qvupwbxv! q•fmbs! of! {ob! |ub! npaf! eb! tf! eftj! j! {bup! usbotqpsupwbxf!lp|ojdb!tb!puwpsfojn!mfupn!kf!sjtlbouop/! ! 553/!Lpkb!kf!pqujnbmob!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!usbotqpsu!q•fmb@! 553/!Lpkb!kf!pqujnbmob!ufnqfsbuvsb!{b!usbotqpsu!q•fmb@! Pqujnbmob! ufnqfsbuvsb! {b! tfpcv! q•fmb! kf! 24°T-! ubeb! pof! qp•jxv!eb!tf!tblvqrbkv!v!lmvcf/!Ub!ufnqfsbuvsb!kf!obkqphpeojkb! qsj!usbotqpsuv!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!op~v/!! ! 554/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!tf!q•fmf!psjkfouj|v!ob!opwpn!nftuv@! 554/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!tf!q•fmf!psjkfouj|v!ob!opwpn!nftuv@! Ob! ptopwv! evhphpej|xfh! jtqjujwbxb! kf! vuws}fop! eb! ob! opwpn!nftuv!q•fmf!epoptf!v!lp|ojdv!qpmfo!qptmf!26!njovub/!Ob! ptopwv! bobmphjkf-! eb! tv! obqvojmf! lpsqjdf! )lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! {bexjn!ophbnb*!tb!qpmfopn!cj~f!eb!qpmblp!epoptf!j!oflubs!qb! tf! qsfuqptubwrb! eb! ~f! qsj! qsjtvtuwv! qb|f! q•fmf! epoptjuj! j! oflubs! {b! qsjcmjaop! jtup! wsfnf/! Wpev! epoptf! kp|! csaf/! Qptmf! puwbsbxb! mfub! )vmb{b*-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qp•jxf! eb! sbej! opsnbmop!qptmf!2!tbu/!Blp!kf!qb|b!pcjmob!q•fmf!nphv!eb!tblvqf-! jtuph! ebob! lbe! tv! tujhmf-! oflpmjlp! ljmphsbnb! oflubsb! )oqs/! v! qsfefmjnb!hef!dwfub!cfmj!cbhsfn*/! ! 555/! Nphv! mj! q•fmf! qptmf! tfpcf! ob! sbtupkbxf! pe! :! ln/! eb! tf! wsbuf!ob!qsf}b|xf!nftup!tb!tblvqrfojn!qpmfopn!kp|!tmfef~fh! ebob@! ebob@! Q•fmf!nphv!eb!tf!wsbuf!ob!qsf}b|xf!nftup-!lbeb!v!opwpn! sfpov! )vebrfopn! :! ln/*! of! ob}v! qb|v! j! {bup! ws|f! mfufxf! ob! wf~b! sbtupkbxb/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! nphv!eb!mfuf! •bl! 6! ln/! j! ep}v! ep! nftub!lpkb!tv!jn!qp{obub!lpe!mfufxb!tb!tubsph!nftub!j!wsbuj~f! tf!qp{obujn!qvufn!!ob!tubsp!nftup/!Pwp!npaf!eb!tf!eftj!of!tbnp!

209


tmfef~j! ebo! wf~! j! lbtojkf/! Blp! v! cmj{joj! opwph! nftub! hef! kf! q•fmjxbl!jnb!pcjmof!qb|f-!pof!tf!of~f!wsb~buj!ob!tubsp!nftup/! J{! pwphb! npaf! eb! tf! j{wfef! {blrv•bl! eb! tf! q•fmjxb! esv”|uwb! nphv! tfmjuj! j! ob! of|up! nbxb! sbtupkbxb! pe! 6! ln/! bmj! qpe! vtmpwpn!blp!ob!opwpn!nftuv!jnb!pcjmof!qb|f!qpmfob!j!oflubsb/! Ofpqipeop!kf!eb!q•fmbs!qsfuipeop!qspv•j!opwj!ufsfo/! ! 556/! V! lpn! sfev! tf! qptubwrbkv! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! ob! opwpn! nftuv@! nftuv@! Pwp! qjubxf! kf! tqpsop/! Qsbltb! phmfeoji! q•fmbsb! kf! qplb{bmb! eb! up! nftup! ofnb! ojlblwph! {ob•bkb-! •bl! j! tb! {esbwtuwfof!ub•lf!hmfej|ub-!{b!q•fmf/!Qsj!tubwv!eb!tv!ob!opwpn! nftuv! tmbcjkb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! qptubwrfob! ob! nftup! kblji! esv|ubwb-! pob! ~f! ptubuj! tmbcb! b! kblb! ~f! tb•vwbu! twpkv! kb•jov/! Bmj! blp! ublwb! esv|uwb! cvev! tqpkfob! pob! ~f! tf! j{sbwobuj/! Cpkb{bo! pe! qpkbwf! jogfldjktlji! cpmftuj! v! upn! tmv•bkv! kf! ofptopwbob! {bup! |up! up! of! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j! •bl! j! lpe! ub•op! tb•vwboph!qsf}b|xfh!sbtqpsfeb!lp|ojdb/! ! 557/![b|up!nf}v!tfmf~jn!q•fmbsjnb!•ftup!obtubkv!tqpspwj@! 557/![b|up!nf}v!tfmf~jn!q•fmbsjnb!•ftup!obtubkv!tqpspwj@! Nf}v! ujn! q•fmbsjnb! qpkbwrvkv! tf! tqpspwj! obk•f|~f! lpe! tvtfeoph! sbtqpsfeb! q•fmjxblb/! Q•fmbs! ojlbeb! of! usfcb! eb! qptubwj! twpkf! lp|ojdf! ublp-! eb! q•fmf! j{! tvtfeoph! q•fmjxblb! qsfmf~v! qsflp! xfhpwph-! {bup! |up! ~f! ob! ubk! ob•jo! eb! qsjovej! q•fmf! tvtfeb!eb! epoptf! oflubs! j! qpmfo! v! xfhpwf! lp|ojdf/! Qsj! qptubwrbxv!lp|ojdb!ob!nftup!hef!jnb!qb|f-!q•fmbs!usfcb!eb!tf! vtlmbej! tb! joufsftjnb! esvhji! q•fmbsb! j! eb! of! qptubwrb! q•fmjxbl!ob!sbtupkbxv!cmjafn!pe!61!n/!pe!uv}fh/! ! 558/! Pe! •fhb! {bwjtj! wfmj•job! qsfwp{oph! tsfetuwb! {b! qsfwp{! lp|ojdb@! lp|ojdb@! Wfmj•job! qsfwp{oph! tsfetuwb! lpkjn! tf! qsfwp{f! lp|ojdf! {bwjtj! pe! cspkb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb-! pe! ujqb! lp|ojdb! j! pe! wfmj•jof!sbeof!lbcjof/!Wjtjob!wp{jmb!{bwjtj!pe!ujqb!|btjkf!j!

210


lpotusvldjkf! qplsjwb•b/! Qsfqpsv•vkv! tf! tmfef~j! nbltjnbmoj! qbsbnfusj;!evajob!8!n-!|jsjob!3-41!n-!wjtjob!4-31!n-!|btjkb!4-61! n/! Hvnf! usfcb! eb! cvev! ejnfo{jkb! 9-36! i! 26″! j! eb! nphv! eb! tf! npoujsbkv! mblp/! Qpe! qplsjwb•fn! qsfwp{oph! tsfetuwb! kf! ofpqipeop!eb!jnb!ptwfurfxf/!! ! 559/!Hef!q•fmbsj!nphv!eb!vobknf!qsfwp{op!tsfetuwp!{b!usbotqpsu! lp|ojdb@! lp|ojdb@! Blp! q•fmbs! ofnb! tpqtuwfop! qsfwp{op! tsfetuwp-! po! npaf! eb! lpsjtuj! vtmvhf! pehpwbsbkv~f! usbotqpsuof! pshboj{bdjkf/! Qpsvycjob! ~f! lp|ubuj! obknbxf! blp! qsfwp{op! tsfetuwp! cvef! qsjlb•fop!ob!ufsfuoj!bvupnpcjm!j{lpsj|~fo!v!pcb!qsbwdb/!Ubeb! q•fmbs!qmb~b!tbnp!{b!qsfwp{!qsjlpmjdf/! ! 55:/! \ub! usfcb! eb! jnb! ob! qsfwp{opn! tsfetuwv! {b! pcf{cf}fxf! cf{pqbtoph!lsfubxb@! cf{pqbtoph!lsfubxb@! Qsfwp{op! tsfetuwp! usfcb! eb! kf! tb! epcsp! obqvnqbojn! hvnbnb-! sfhvmjtbof! lp•ojdf! j! sv•ob! lp•ojdb/! Ob! {bexpk! tusboj! usfcb! eb! jnb! sfgmfluvkv~f! hbcbsjuof! gbspwf! )lpkj! qplb{vkv! wjtjov! j! |jsjov! wp{jmb*/! Ublwj! gbspwj! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwf! j! obqsfe/! ! 561/!Usfcb!mj!v•ws|~jwbuj!lp|ojdf!lpe!tfpcf@! 561/!Usfcb!mj!v•ws|~jwbuj!lp|ojdf!lpe!tfpcf@ Qsbltb! kf! qplb{bmb! eb! qsj! tfpcj! lp|ojdf! usfcb! epcsp! v•wstujuj-!kfs!of{obnp!|ub!npaf!v!qvuv!eb!tf!eftj!j!ep! lblwji! of{hpeb!npaf!eb!ep}f/!Lpe!tqfdjkbmoji!wp{jmb!{b!qsfwp{!q•fmb! lp|ojdf! tv! v•ws|~fof! {b! wp{jmp/! Lpe! ptubmji! wp{jmb! usfcb! qsfev{fuj! twf! nfsf! eb! lp|ojdf! cvev! tubcjmof/! V! lbnjpov! lp|ojdf!tmbhbuj!kfeov!v{!esvhv-!eb!tf!kfeob!ob!esvev!obtmbxbkv/! Oj! kfeob! of! usfcb! eb! cvef! tmpcpeob-! kfs! tf! v! uplv! usbotqpsub! npaf! lmbujuj! j! qsfuvsjuj/! Qp! nphv~tuwv! usfcb! lp|ojdf! qpwf{buj! eb! nf}vtpcop! •jof! •wstuv! dfmjov/! [ob•j! ptjhvsbuj! ji! pe!lmb~fxb-!qpnfsbxb-!qsfwsubxb!jtm/! !

211


562/! \ub! of! usfcb! eb! {bcpsbwj! q•fmbs! qsf! ofhp! puqvuvkf! tb! wp{jmpn!j!lp|ojdbnb@!! wp{jmpn!j!lp|ojdbnb@ Qsf!qvupwbxb!twblj!wmbtojl!tfmf~fh!q•fmbsfxb!usfcb!eb! ptjhvsb!wp{jmp!j!lp|ojdf/! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Dfousjgvhjsbxf!!nfeb! Dfousjgvhjsbxf!!nfeb! ! 563/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!qsf!dfousjgvhjsbxb!nfeb@ 563/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!qsf!dfousjgvhjsbxb!nfeb@! jgvhjsbxb!nfeb@! Obkqsf! usfcb! vuwsejuj! eb! mj! kf! ofpqipebo! jowfoubs! {b! dfousjgvhjsbxf! nfeb! v! jtqsbwopn! tubxv/! Qswp! qspwfsjuj! dfousjgvhv! {b! nfe-! {buwbsbxf! tmbwjof-! q•fmbstlj! opa-! ejnjmjdv-! {b|ujuov! nsfav! ob! q•fmbstlpk! lbqj/! Mfabkfwf! ob! dfousjgvhj! qpenb{buj! wb{fmjopn-! of! tb! nb|jotljn! vrfn-! kfs! blp!•bl!tbnp!kfeob!lbq!vrb!qbeof!v!nfe!epwprop!kf!eb!qplwbsj! lwbmjufu! nfeb/! Qsfenfuj! lpkj! ~f! tf! vqpusfcrbwbuj! qfsv! tf! wsfmpn! wpepn! j! of! csj|v! tf! wf~! tf! ptubwf! eb!tf!ptv|f!ob! tvodv/! Qptmf! uphb! qsjqsfnj! tf! tve! tb! •jtupn! wpepn-! lsqb! {b! svlf! j! sbeop! pefmp/! Of!usfcb!{bcp. sbwjuj! |jcj. dv-! nbufsjkbm! {b! ejnrfxf! j! •fulv! {b! tlj. ebxf!q•fmb!tb! Tm/!62! tb~b/! !

212


564/! Eb! mj! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! qptubwj! cfabmjdb! qsj! dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb@!! dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb@ ! J{lpsj|~bwbxf!cfabmjdf!)tm/!62*!2!j!!6!tb!pqsvhbnb<!3-!4!j! 5! tb! lmbqobnb-! qsj! dfousjgvhjsbxv! nfeb! ojkf! sbdjpobmop! {bup! |up-! sbe! tb! xpn! tf! lpnqmjlvkf! j! vtqpsbwb/! Qptmf! xfoph! qptubwrbxb! q•fmf! nphv! eb! j{mb{f! j{! nfej|ub! bmj! ofnbkv! nphv~optu! eb! tf! wsbuf! v! xfhb/! [bup! |up! cfabmjdb! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! v! nfej|uf! kfebo! ebo! qsf! dfousjgvhjsbxb-! nfe! v! jtqsbaxfopn! nfej|uv-! )v! tmv•bkv! eb! tv! ptubmf! tbnp! nmbef! q•fmf*-! ~f! eb! tf! pimbej! ep! tmfef~fh! ebob! ublp! eb! ~f! eb! usfcb! evhp!eb!tf!plsf~f!v!dfousjgvhj!qsj!•fnv!v!tb~v-!obqv|ufopn!pe! j{mfuojdb-! ptubkf! wfmjlb! lpmj•job! nfeb/! Ptjn! uphb! qsj! qptubwrbxv! j! tljebxv! cfabmjdf! q•fmbs! epmb{j! v! ofqptsfebo! lpoublu!tb!q•fmbnb/! ! 565/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!qptuvqb!qsj!dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb@! 565/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!qptuvqb!qsj!dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb@ ! V! qspdftv! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb! j{! qswf! lp|ojdf-! usfcb! eb! tf! wbej! tb~f! j{! tmfef~f! lp|ojdf-! {bup! eb! npaf! v! xfop! nfej|uf! eb! tf! qptubwj! jtqsbaxfop! tb~f! j{! qswph! nfej|ub/! Ublp!tf!qptuvqb!ep!{bexf!lp|ojdf/!Qsb{op!tb~f! uf!lp|ojdf!tf! qptubwrb! v! qsb{op! nfej|uf! qswf! lp|ojdf! )tm/! 63*/! Ofpqipebo! vtmpw!{b!qsjnfov!pwph!nfupeb!kf!eb!tv!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!qpuqvop! {esbwb/! ! ! Ubolf! mjojkf! tb! tusfmjdbnb! ! ob! tmjdj! 63! qplb{vkv! sfe! qsfnf|ubxb! ! qvovoph! tb~b! j{! nfej|ub! twblf! lp|ojdf! v! dfousjgvhv! b! jtqsfljebob! mjojkb! ! sfe! qsfnf|ubxb! dfousjgvhjsboph!tb~b!v!nfej|ub!ob!lp|ojdbnb/!!!

213


! Tm/!63/!Dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb! !!!!!2!ep!o!.!lp|ojdf! !!!!!!d!.!dfousjgvhb!! ! ! 566/!Lblp!tf!qptubwrb!tb~f!v!dfousjgvhv!{b!nfe@! 566/!Lblp!tf!qptubwrb!tb~f!v!dfousjgvhv!{b!nfe@! ! Qsj! lpsj|~fxv! ipsejkbmof! )ufujwof*! dfousjgvhf! tb~f! tf! qptubwrb! v! lbtfuv! ublp! eb! epxb! mfuwb! sbnb! cvef! vtnfsfob! v! qsbwdv!plsfubxb!b!sbn!eb!kf!qptubwrfo!v!lbtfuj!wfsujlbmop!)uk/! qbsbmfmop! tb! ptpn! dfousjgvhf*/! Lpe! sbejkbmof! dfousjgvhf! !! epxb!mfuwb!sbnb!kf!vtnfsfob!qsfnb!ptj!j!qbsbmfmob!kf!tb!xpn/! V! qbsbmfmop! sbejlbmopk! dfousjgvhj! epxj! efp! sbnb! kf! jtup! vtnfsfo! lb! ptj! bmj! kf! qptubwrfo! qpe! vhmpn! pe! :1째! v! peoptv! ob! xv! )tm/! 64*! 2/! ipsejkbmob! <! 3/! sbejkbmob<! 4/! ubohfodjkbmob<! 5/! qfsqfoejlvmbsob!)qbsbmfmop!sbejlbmob*!dfousjgvhb/!!! !

214


! 2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5!!

! Tm/!64!! ! 567/! Lpmjlp! •ftup! npaf! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! nfe! j{! lp|ojdf! v! qfsjpev!pcjmof!qb|f@! qfsjpev!pcjmof!qb|f@! _ftup!dfousjgvhjsbxf!nfeb!j{!nfej|ub!v!qfsjpev!hmbwof! qb|f!qpetuj•f!q•fmf!ob!blujwoptu/!Ptubwrbxf!nfeb!v!usbkbxv! pe! oflpmjlp! ebob! v! obqvxfopn! tb~v! tnbxvkf! qspevldjkv/! Nj|rfxf! eb! qsfwsfnfop! dfousjgvhjsbo! nfe! ojkf! {sfp! kf! ofptopwbop-!{bup!|up!q•fmf!epofuj!oflubs!″{hvtov″!{b!59!•btpwb! upmjlp! eb! of! jtuj•f! j{! tb~b! j! wf~! npaf! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb/! Qsbluj•op! up! {ob•j! eb! lpe! pcjmof! qb|f! nfe! npaf! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! twblb! 5! ebob-! bmj! up! usfcb! •jojuj! v! sbojn! kvubsxjn!•btpwjnb/!! ! 568/! Lpe! lph! ujqb! lp|ojdf! nfe! npaf! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! kfeboqvu!!!qp!{bws|fulv!hmbwof!qb|f@! kfeboqvu!!!qp!{bws|fulv!hmbwof!qb|f@! Qp! {bws|fulv! hmbwof! qb|f! nfe! npaf!eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! tbnp!lpe!wj|flpsqvtoji!lp|ojdb-!!tb!ojtljn!sbnpwjnb!)wjtjof! 26!!.!–! 28!tn/*-!lpkj!mblp!nphv!eb!tf!sb{nftuf-!eb!tf!obtubwrbkv-!b! jtup!j{nf}v!obtubwblb!lp|ojdf!eb!npaf!eb!tf!qptubwj!kp|!kfebo! obtubwbl! tb! tbuojn! ptopwbnb! jmj! j{hsb}fojn! tb~fn/! V! ublwjn! lp|ojdbnb! vwfl! jnb! eptub! nftub! {b! tnf|ubk! nfeb-! ublp! q•fmf! jnbkv! nphv~optu! eb! qb|v! qvopwsfeop! j{lpsjtuf/! Tqpsop! kf! nf}vujn! qjubxf! eb! mj! kf! flpopnj•op! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! kfebo! obtubwbl! tb! opsnbmojn! wfmjljn! sbnpwjnb! j! eb! tf! nfe!

215


dfousjgvhjsb! wj|f! qvub! jmj! oflpmjlp! nbmji! obtubwblb! tb! nbmjn! sbnpwjnb! lbeb! tf! lpe! qsfnf|ubxb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! pcf{cf}vkv!sf{fswoj!nfej|oj!obtubwdj/!! ! 569/! Npaf! mj! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! nfe! j{! tb~b! lpkf! jnb! {buwpsfop!mfhmp@! {buwpsfop!mfhmp@! Lpe! qbarjwph! dfousjgvhjsbxb! nfeb! j{! ublwph! tb~b! hvcjdj! tv! {bofnbsrjwj-! bmj! blp! v! tb~v! jnb! nmbeji! q•fmb! v! j{mfhbxv! pof! ~f! jtqbebuj! j{! ~fmjkb/! Jtup! tf! epcjkb! j! lpe! dfousjgvhjsbxb!nfeb!j{!tb~b!v!lpkfn!jnb!puwpsfoph!mfhmb/!Sbej! uphb! kf! obkcprf! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! tb~f! tb! •jtujn! nfepn! b! of! tb! mfhmpn/! Qpoflbe! nf}vujn! npsb! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! nfe! j{! tb~b! tb! mfhmpn-! vhmbwopn! qsj! qptupkbxv! {bmjib! nferjlf! lpkv! pcbwf{op!usfcb!petusbojuj!j{!nfej|ub!)wjej!qjubxf!475*/! ! 56:/!Lpkj!gblupsj!qplb{vkv!vujdbk!ob!qspevldvkv!nfeb!j!wptlb@!! 56:/!Lpkj!gblupsj!qplb{vkv!vujdbk!ob!qspevldvkv!nfeb!j!wptlb@ Qspevldjkb! nfeb! j! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! {bwjtj! qsf! twfhb! pe! obtmfeoji! ptpcjob! nbujdf-! tubsptuj! j! ob•job! ofhpwbxb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Sb{vnf! tf! qsjspeoj! vtmpwj! tv! obkwbaojkj! gblups-!pe!lpkji!{bwjtj!vtqfi!jmj!ofvtqfi!q•fmbstlf!qsjwsfef/! ! ! !!!!!

Qmfnfojuj!!qptbp! Qmfnfojuj!!qptbp! ! ! 571/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qmfnfojuj!qptbp!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 571/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qmfnfojuj!qptbp!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Qmfnfojuj!qptbp!v!q•fmbstuwv!qsfetubwrb!lpnqmflt!nfsb! vtnfsfoji! ob! qpqsbwrbxf! lpsjtoji! ptpcjob! blmjnbuj{jsbof! epnb~f! nfepoptof! q•fmf-! hbkfxf! wjtplplwbmjufuoji! nbujdb! j! pcf{cf}fxf! xjipwph! pqmp}fxb! tb! usvupwjnb! pe! qmfnfojuph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Qsj! hbkfxv! q•fmb! v! qmfnfojujn! tubojdbnb! lpsjtuj!tf!pebcjsbxf!qplpmfxb!dfxfoji!ptpcjob/!! !

216


572/! \ub! tf! qpesb{vnfwb! qpe! ofhpwbxf! nbujdb! {b! qpusfcf! q•fmbsb@! q•fmbsb@! Tnjtbp! kf! v! upnf! eb! tf! hbkf! nbujdf! tbnp! {b! qpusfcf! pesf}foph! q•fmbsb/! Pof! tf! pebcjsbkv! pe! wfmjlph! cspkb! nbujdb! peofhpwboji!v!esv|uwv!j!tubmop!tf!lpouspmj|v!xjipwf!ptpcjof/! Ofpqipebo! vtmpw! {b! up! kf! ub•op! qp{obwbxf! twblph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/!Ujnf!tf!pcj•op!cbwf!obkjtlvtojkj!q•fmbsj/!! ! 573/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qpkbn!qmfnfojup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! 573/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qpkbn!qmfnfojup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@ Qmfnfojup! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! kf! pop! pe! lphb! tf! v{jnb! qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb/!! ! 574/!Lblwf!ptpcjof!usfcb!eb!jnb!qmfnfojup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! 574/!Lblwf!ptpcjof!usfcb!eb!jnb!qmfnfojup!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@ Qmfnfojup! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! usfcb! eb! tf! pemjlvkf! tb! tmfef~jn! sfhjtuspwbojn! ptpcjobnb;! evh! ajwpu! nbujdf-! njs! j! sfe-! tqptpcoptu! eb! ws|j! ujiv! tnfov! )tbnptnfov*! nbujdf! qsfe! spkfxf-! epcsb! qspevlujwoptu! nfeb-! j{hsbexb! nbmph! cspkb! usvupwtlji!~fmjkb-!qptupkboptu!tqprb|xji!pcfmfakb!)fltufsjps-! cf{! dswfolbtuji! ufshjub! ob! uscv|•j~v*-! puqpsof! qsfnb! cpmftujnb-!eptuj{bxf!nbltjnvnb! sb{wpkb! v! qpusfcopn! qfsjpev/! Lbp! sf{vmubu! evhpusbkoji! qptnbusbxb! q•fmbs! npaf! mblp! eb! pesfej! esv|uwp! lpkf! kf! obkqphpeojkf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! lbp! qmfnfojup!{b!hbkfxf!nbujdb/!Fup!{b|up!tv!lpolsfuoj!qpebdj!{b! q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!pe!nophp!wbaoph!{ob•bkb/!! !

Hbkfxf!!nbujdb! Hbkfxf!!nbujdb! ! 575/! Lpkj! tv! qp{obuj! ptopwoj! nfupej! pehbkbxb! nbujdb! nbujdb! v! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@ [b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! qptujkf! ewb! ptopwob! nfupeb/! Qswj! )tubsj*! nfupe! kf! pehbkbxf! nbujdf! v! pcf{nbuj•fopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv-! ubk! tf! nfupe! ebobt! lpsjtuj! sfulp/! Esvhj! nfupe! kf! pehbkbxf! nmbef! nbujdf! v! qsjtvtuwv! tubsf! nbujdf<! up! kf! tmj•op! qsjspeopn!pehbkbxv!nbujdb!lpe!spkfxb!j!lpe!ujif!tnfof/!

217


! 576/!V!•fnv!tf!tbupkj!nfupe!pehbkbxb!nbujdb!cf{!qsjtvtuwb! tubsf!nbujdf@! tubsf!nbujdf@! ! Pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!lpkf!tf!qsjqsfnb!{b!spkfxf-!pev{nf! tf!nbujdb!j!twj!nbu•xbdj!tf!qpsv|f!jmj!tf!jtlpsjtuf!ob!esvhpn! nftuv! b! ob! xjipwp! nftup! tf! qptubwf! opwj/! Pehbkbxf! cf{! qsjtvtuwb!nbujdf!npaf!eb!tf!j{ws|j!j!v!kblpn!esv|uwv!pe!lphb! tf! pev{nf! nbujdb! j! puwpsfop! mfhmp/! Nbujdb! npaf! eb! tf! pehbkb! •bl! j! v! viwb~fopn! spkv! jmj! v! wf|ub•lpn! spkv! qptmf! pev{jnbxb! nbujdf! j{! xji/! Spk! of! usfcb! {buwbsbuj! blp! tv! nbuj•xbdj! sbtqpsf}foj!j{nf}v!ewb!qsb{ob!tbub!b!v!lp|ojdv!kf!qptubwrfob! isbob/! Wf|ub•lj! spkfwj! pesf}foj! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! usfcb! eb! cvev! {buwpsfoj! v! usbkbxv! pe! 3! ebob! {bkfeop! tb! nbujdpn! qptmf! •fhb!tf!po!petusbxvkf/! ! 577/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!nfupe!pehbkbxb!nbujdf!v!qsjtvtuwv!tubsf! 577/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!nfupe!pehbkbxb!nbujdf!v!qsjtvtuwv!tubsf! nbujdf@! nbujdf@! Ptopwoj! {biufw! lpe! pwph! nfupeb! kf! eb! tubsb! nbujdb! of! npaf! eb! ep}f! ep! qptubwrfoji! nbuj•xblb/! Pob! usfcb! eb! cvef! pefrfob! pe! xji! Ibofnbopwpn! sf|fulpn/! Qsfeoptu! pwf! nfupef! kf! eb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! )qptmf! qptubwrbxb! nbuj•xblb*! jnb! wfmjlv! lpmj•jov! puwpsfoph! mfhmb/! Npaf! tf! qptuvqjuj! ob! ewb! ob•job;! eb! tf! lpsjtuf! lbwf{j! )j{pmbupsj*! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! j! cf{!lbwf{b/!V!pcb!tmv•bkb!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tf!efmj!ob!ewb!efmb;! v!qswpn!tf!ptubwrb!{buwpsfop!mfhmp-!tb~f!tb!nfepn!j!qpmfopn-! b! v! esvhpn! nbujdb! tb! obknmb}jn! mfhmpn-! sf{fswf! qpmfob! j! sf{fswop! tb~f/! Qswj! efp! esv|uwb! tf! qptubwrb! v! obtubwbl! b! esvhj! v! qmpej|uf/! Qptmf! :! ebob! v! obtubwlv! ~f! jnbuj! tbnp! {buwpsfop!mfhmp!j{!lphb!~f!tf!qptufqfop!j{mfhbuj!nmbef!q•fmf/! Tbe! wf~! pwb! ewb! efmb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! usfcb! sb{ewpkjuj! Ibofnbopwpn! sf|fulpn/! Eb! of! cj! q•fmf! nphmf! qsfmb{juj! j{! kfeoph! efmb! v! esvhj! qsflp! sf|fulf! tf! qptubwj! mjtu! qpmjwjojmtlf!gpmjkf/!Pefrfxf!tb!{buwpsfojn!mfhmpn!usfcb!eb!

218


jnb!qspwfusbwbxf!j!ptubwj!tf!ublp!ep!tvusbebo!eb!cj!tf!q•fmf! ptfujmf!pcf{nbuj•fof<!qptmf!uphb!tf!uv!qptubwrbkv!nbuj•xbdj/! Tmfef~fh! ebob! tf! petusbxvkf! gpmjkb! j! qsfljeb! qspwfusbwbxf/! Ewb! efmb! esv|uwb! qpopwp! tv! tkfejxfob! j! lpoublujsbkv! lsp{! sf|fulv/! Lbp! sf{vmubu-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qspevabwb! eb! tf! csjof! p! nbuj•xbdjnb! v! obtubwlv! b! nbujdb! njsop! qpmbaf! kbkb! v! qmpej|uv/!! ! 578/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!qsj!hbkfxv!nbujdb!tb!j{ewbkbxfn!mfhmb!j{! qmpej|ub@! qmpej|ub@! J{! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! tf! petusboj! twp! mfhmp! j! nbujdb/! Q•fmf! tb! tb~b! tb! mfhmpn! tf! qsfcbdf! v! qmpej|uf! b! tb~f! tf! qptubwrb!v!esvhp!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp/!Nbujdb!tf!lpsjtuj!tbnp!qsj! ovaej/!V!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!)mj|fop!nbujdf!j!mfhmb*!qptmf!4!.–! 5! •btb! tf! qptubwrb! 3! tbub! tb! {buwpsfojn! mfhmpn! j! nx}v! xjnb! nbuj•xbdj/!Pwbk!nfupe!qsfqpsv•vkf!Hpoubstlj/! ! 579/! Lblp! kf! cprf! eb! tf! pehbkbkv! nbujdf! v{! qsjtvtuwp! tbnp! {buwpsfoph!jmj!j!puwpsfoph!mfhmb@ {buwpsfoph!jmj!j!puwpsfoph!mfhmb@! ph!jmj!j!puwpsfoph!mfhmb@! Sf{vmubuj! epcjkfoj! lpe! pehbkbxb! nbujdb! lpe! pcf{nbuj•foph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! v! lpnf! ojkf! cjmp! puwpsfoph! mfhmb! j! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! v! lpnf! qpsfe! {buwpsfoph! jnb! j! puwpsfoph! mfhmb-! sb{mjlpwbmj! tv! tf! qp! lpmj•joj! nmf•b! v! ~fmjkbnb/!V!qswpn!tmv•bkv!nmf•!pe!6!nbuj•xblb!ufajp!kf!2:73-6! nh-!b!v!esvhpn!tmv•bkv!)jtup!pe!6!nbuj•xblb*!nmf•!kf!ufajp!75:-:! nh/! J{! uphb! tmfej! eb! tf! blujwoptu! nmbeji! q•fmb! v! esv|uwv! cf{! puwpsfoph! mfhmb! vtsfetsf}vkf! tbnp! ob! qptubwrfof! nbuj•xblf/! Lpe! tbwsfnfoji! nfupeb! pehbkbxb! nbujdb! v! qsjtvtuwv! tubsf! nbujdf! lpkf! lpsjtuf! q•fmbsj! v! Bvtusjkj-! TBE! j! Ofnb•lpk! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! {bkfeop! tb! nbuj•xbdjnb! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj!j!tbu!tb!puwpsfojn!mfhmpn!)wjej!qjubxf!577*/!! ! ! !

219


57:/!Lblp!kf!pehbkbp!nbujdf!Bmfk@! 57:/!Lblp!kf!pehbkbp!nbujdf!Bmfk@! ! Bmfk! kf! pev{fp! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! twp! puwpsfop! j! {buwpsfop! mfhmp! j! nbujdv/! Qptmf! uphb! kf! qsj•wstujp! usblf! pe! tb~b! v! sbn/! V! usblbnb! kf! jnbmp! qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb/! Tb~f! kf! cjmp!j{sf{bop!v!wjev!mvlb/!Twj!nbuj•xbdj! qsjnrfoj!pe!q•fmb! cjmj!tv!vtnfsfoj!ob!epmf/!!

Tm/!65!

! 581/!Lblp!kf!pehbkbp!nbujdf!Cfsusbo@ bp!nbujdf!Cfsusbo@! 581/!Lblp!kf!pehbk bp!nbujdf!Cfsusbo@! [obkv~j! eb! tf! obktwfajkb! kbkb! obmb{f! ob! qfsjgfsjkj! puwpsfoph!mfhmb-!Cfsusbo!kf!j{sf{bp!v!wjev!mvlb!epxj!efp!tb~b! )tm/!65*!2/!obktubsjkf!mfhmp-!3/!nmbep!mfhmp-!4/!obknmb}f!mfhmp-!5/! nbuj•xbdj-! 6/! j{sf{bo! tbu! tb! mfhmpn! v! pcmjlv! evhf! j! ublp! kf! epcjp!hpupw!oj{!~fmjkb!tb!qpmpafojn!kbkjnb!v!xji/!Qsjqsfnrfo! ob! ubk! ob•jo-! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm-! po! kf! qptubwjp! v! qmpej|uf! pehbkjwb•lph! esv|uwb! j{nf}v! ewb! tbub! tb! {buwpsfojn! mfhmpn-! lbeb! kf! sbej! uphb! petusbojp! nbujdv! j! twp! tb~f! tb! puwpsfojn! mfhmpn/! Kfebobftuj! ebo! qptmf! qptubwrbxb! qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb! qpefmjp! kf! nbuj•xblf! v! pqmpexblf! )ovlmfvtf*! j! qptmf!pqmpexf!jtlpsjtujp!kf!nbujdf!qsfnb!qpusfcj/! !

220


582/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!lpe!j{pmpwbxb!nbujdf!{b!:!ebob@! 582/!Lblp!tf!qptuvqb!lpe!j{pmpwbxb!nbujdf!{b!:!ebob@ Nbujdb! kblph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! tf! j{pmvkf! ob! 4! tbub-! b! qptmf!:!ebob!tf!qsfnf|ub!{bkfeop!tb!tb~fn!j!q•fmbnb!v!qsb{ov! lp|ojdv/! Ublp! tf! tuwbsb! wf|ub•lj! spk/! V! qp•fuopn! esv|uwv! ptubkv! nbuj•xbdj-! {buwpsfop! j! ep{sfmp! mfhmp! b! j{! ~fmjkb! tf! ofqsfljeop! j{mfav! nmbef! q•fmf/! Tmfef~b! nbojqvmbdjkb! kf! qp{obub/!Lpe!qsbwjmof!ofhf!kp|!ep!kftfoj!pe!uph!wf|ub•lph!spkb! sb{wjkb!tf!epwprop!kblp!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp/! ! 583/!Ob!lpkj!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!•jtuplswob!mjojkb!v!dfmpn! q•fmjxblv!qsflp!u{w/!esvhf!tnfof@! q•fmjxblv!qsflp!u{w/!esvhf!tnfof@! V! q•fmjxblv! npaf! eb! tf! epcjkf! •jtuplswob! mjojkb! qsflp! u{w/! esvhf! tnfof! lbeb! tf! v! twjn! esv|uwjnb! nbujdf! {bnfof! tb! ofpqmp}fojn!nbujdbnb!pe!qmfnfojuph!esv|uwb!lpkf!tf!ptubwrb! {b!pqmp}fxf!v!q•fmjxblv/!Ublwp!qpupntuwp!~f!eb!tf!tbtupkj!pe! nbujdb! •jtuf! sbtf! j! usvupwb! lpkj! ojtv! •jtuf! sbtf/! Qpwprbo! ~f! eb! cvef! tbtubw! qplpmfxb! tmfef~f! hpejof! ! uk/! lpe! esvhf! tnfof-! lbeb! nbujdf! pe! qsfeipeof! hpejof! qpopwp! cvev! {bnfxfof! pe! ofpqmp}foji! nbujdb! •jtuf! sbtf/! Uf! nbujdf! ~f! eb! tf! pqmpef! tb! usvupwjnb!•jtuf!sbtf!)blp!ofnb!esvhji!v!q•fmjxblv*!j!qplpmfxf! ~f! eb! jn! cvef! jtup! •jtuplswop/! Pwbk! nfupe! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! vtqf|op! tbnp! ubnp! hef! v! sfkpov! plp! q•fmjxblb! )ob! sbtupkbxv!pe!8!ln/*!ofnb!esvhp!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp/!! ! 584/!Lpkj!kf!pesf}vkv~j!gblups!{b!j{mfhbxf!nbujdf!pe!pqmp}foph! kbkfub@! kbkfub@ Qp{obup!kf!eb!qp!pqmp}bwbxv!nbujdb!qpmbaf!ewf!wstuf!kbkb! .! –! ofpqmp}fob! ! )j{! lpkji! tf! mfhv! tbnp! usvupwj*! j! pqmp}fob! )pe! lpkji! tf! sb{wjkbkv! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! b! qsj! pesf}fojn! vtmpwjnb! j! nbujdf*/! Up! {bwjtj! pe! lpmj•jof! j! wstuf! isbof! lpkb! tf! ebkf! mbswbnb! uk/! pe! twblph! pqmp}foph! kbkfub! q•fmf! nphv! eb! pehbkf! nbujdv! blp! isbof! j{mfafov! mbswv! nmf•pn/! [ob•j! isbob! kf! pqsfefrvkv~j! gblups! pe! lphb! {bwjtj! eb! mj! ~f! pe! pqmp}foph! kbkfub!eb!{bqp•of!eb!tf!sb{wjkb!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!jmj!nbujdb/!

221


! 585/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm@!! 585/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm@ Qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! kf! pehpwbsbkv~j! {b! ofhpwbxf! opwji! nbujdb! ob! wf|ub•lj! ob•jo/! Po! tf! obmb{j! v! qmfnfojupn! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv-!peblmf!tf!v{jnb!v!{bwjtoptuj!pe!qpusfcf/!!! ! 586/!Lblp!tf!pebcjsb!pehpwbsbkv~j!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm@! 586/!Lblp!tf!pebcjsb!pehpwbsbkv~j!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm@! V! qsbltj! {b! hbkfxf! nbujdb! lpsjtuj! tf! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! pe! mbswj/! Obknmb}b! mbswb! lpkb! pehpwbsb! {b! pehbkbxf-! usfcb!eb!kf!tlpsp!upmjlp!evhb-!lpmjlp! j!kbkf!j{!lphb!tf!j{mfhmb/! [bup! pob! uf|lp! npaf! eb! tf! vp•j! ob! eov! ~fmjkf/! Mbswb! kf! nbmp! tbwjkfob!v!wjev!sp|•j~b!j!mfaj!v!nbmpk!lbqrjdj!kp|!qsp{sb•of! isbof! tb! tmbcpn! nmf•opn! ojkbotpn/! Qptmf! qbarjwph! sb{hmfebxb!ob!eov!~fmjkf!mbswb!npaf!eb!tf!vp•j/!!! ! 587/! [b|up! tf! {b! epcjkbxf! qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb! qswfotuwp! ebkf!mbswj!b!of!kbkfuv@! ebkf!mbswj!b!of!kbkfuv@! Q•fmf!of!qsjnbkv!sbep!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm!v!wjev!kbkb/!Tb! ofhpwbxfn! nbujdb! pe! kbkb! cbwf! tf! tbnp! obkvhmfeojkj! q•fmbsj! j! obv•ojdj/!! ! 588/!Lblp!tf!pcf{cf}vkf!pehpwbsbkv~j!pqmpeoj!nbufsjkbm@ 588/!Lblp!tf!pcf{cf}vkf!pehpwbsbkv~j!pqmpeoj!nbufsjkbm@! }vkf!pehpwbsbkv~j!pqmpeoj!nbufsjkbm@ V!upn!djrv!usfcb!v!qmfnfojupn!esv|uwv!eb!tf!ob}f!tbu!tb! puwpsfojn!mfhmpn!j!up!ublbw-!v!lpnf!ob!eov!~fmjkb!jnb!j!nmbeji! )3*!j!tubsji!mbswj!)tm/66*!b!jtup!j!qpmpafoji!kbkb!)4*!Qp{obup!kf! eb! nbujdb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! pe! tsfejof! tbub! qb! tf! qptufqfop!qsfnf|ub!lb!qfsjgfsjkj!qp!tqjsbmj/!Obknmb}f!mbswf! lpkf! tv! qphpeof! {b! ofhpwbxf! nbujdb-! obmb{f! tf! ob! hsbojdbnb! lsvhb-! ofqptsfeop! qptmf! obktubsjkji! kbkb/! Pe! uf! qpws|jof! tf! j{sfaf!qsbwpvhbpojl!)5*!)tb!qmfnfojujn!nbufsjkbmpn*!|jsjof!5! dn/! j! evajof! 9! dn/! lpkj! tf! v•wstuj! ob! sbn! {b! ofhpwbxf! nbuj•xblb/! Qptmf! uphb! nbuj•oj! sbn! tf! qptubwrb! v! pehbkjwb•lp! esv|uwp/!! !

222


Tm/!66!

! 589/! \ub! usfcb! eb! tf! vsbej! tb! pebcsbojn! )j{sf{bojn*! qmfnfojujn!nbufsjkbmpn@! qmfnfojujn!nbufsjkbmpn@! Obkqsf!tb!kfeof!tusbof-! ob!lsbkv!mfhmb-!~fmjkf!tb!kbkjnb!tf! j{sfav! )tlsbuf*! ob! 204! wjtjof-! tb! p|usjn! opafn! {bhsfkbojn! v! wsfmpk! wpej/! Usfcb! eb! tf! sbej! cs{p-! ublp! eb! wsv~j! opa! of! qpwsfej! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm/! Qptmf! uphb! j{sf{bop! qbs•f! tb~b! tf!sfaf!qp!sfepwjnb!~fmjkb!ob!usblf!j!j{!twblf!esvhf!~fmjkf!tf! eswdfupn! |jcjdf! petusbxvkf! mbswb! ublp! eb! qptmf! j{hsbexf! nbuj•xbdj! cvev! pewpkfoj! kfebo! pe! esvhph/! Uf! usblf! tf! qsjmfqf! jtupqrfojn! wptlpn! {b! mfuwjdf! nbuj•oph! sbnb! )wjej! qjubxf! 596*/! Esvhj! ob•jo! kf! qphpeojkj! pe! qswph-! tbnp! ~fnp! ~fmjkf! j{sf{buj! pewpkfop! j! {bmfqjuj! ob! qpenfub•f! ){bqv|b•*-! lpkj! tf! qptmf! uphb! qptubwrbkv! ob! nbuj•oj! sbn/! Lpe! usf~fh! obkqsfdj{ojkfh! ob•job-! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! j{! tb~b! {bkfeop! tb! nmf•pn-! j{! tlsb~foji! ~fmjkb-! qsfcbdvkf! tf! qpnp~v! jhmf! v! wf|ub•lf! nbuj•of! •b|jdf! )wjej! qjubxf! 58:*-! lpkf! tv! oblobeop! {bmfqrfof!ob!qpenfub•f/!! ! 58:/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of!•b|jdf@! 58:/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of!•b|jdf@! Lpe! qmfnfojuph! hbkfxb! nbujdb! q•fmbs! lpsjtuj! wf|ub•lf! ptopwf! )•b|jdf*! {b! qptubwrbxf! nbuj•xblb/! ! Po! tf! tubsb! eb!

223


j{sbej! eob! •b|jdb! ob! ublbw! ob•jo! eb! cvev! tmj•of! qsjspeojn! •jkj! kf! qsf•ojl! ub•op! 8-9! nn/! Wf|ub•lf! nbuj•of! •b|jdf! tv! j{sb}fof! pe! wsv~fh! sbtupqrfoph! wptlb! qpnp~v! tqfdjkbmoph! eswfoph!|bcmpob!)tm/67*-!lpkj!pehpwbsb!nf}vobspeopn!tuboebsev! )qsf•ojl!9!nn/!j!qpmvplsvhmj!lsbk*/!Pe!q•fmbsb!kf!vuws}fop!eb!v! nbuj•ojn! ~fmjkbnb! tb! qsf•ojlpn! nbxjn! pe! :! nn/! tf! pehbkbkv! qpwfmjlf! nbujdf/! Lsbk! |bcmpob! tf! pwmbaj! j! qpubqb! v! sbtupqrfoj! wptbl! ep! evcjof! pe! 9! nn/!j!qptmf!uphb!kp|!oflpmjlp!qvub! j! up! vwfl! plp! 3! nn/! qmj~f-! pe! •fhb! eop! •b|jdf! qptubkf! nbtjwop/! Qptmf! 4–! .! 5! qpubqbxb-! |bcmpo! tb! wptlpn! {bmfqrfojn! ob! xfhb-! tf! pimbej! v! imbeopk! wpej! j! epcjkfob! •b|jdb! tf! tljof! tb! |bcmpob/!! Qsjqsfnrfob! ob! ubk! ob•jo-! wf|ub•lb! •b|jdb! {b! j{hsbexv! nbuj•xblb-! mfqj! tf! ob! eswfoj! qpenfub•! j! v! xv! tf! qsfoptj! qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm/!! ! ! Tm/!67!

! 591/!Pe!lblwph!wptlb!usfcb!eb!tf! j!j{sb}vkv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of! j!j{sb}vkv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of! •b|jdf@! •b|jdf@! [b!pehbkjwb•lp!esv|uwp!ojkf!cf{!{ob•bkb!eb!mj!tv!wf|ub•lf! nbuj•of! •b|jdf-! {b! qsjkfn! xfhpwji! mbswj-! pe! •jtuph! jmj! pe! tblvqrfoph! wptlb! tb! tubsph! tb~b/! Of! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! eb! tf!

224


j{sb}vkv! •b|jdf! pe! hpupwji! )lvqrfoji*! tbuoji! ptopwb! {bup! |up! ofnb! hbsbodjkf! eb! tv! obqsbwrfof! pe! •jtuph! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! )q•fmf! of! epoptf! qbsbgjo-! ifnjktlj! fltusbipwbo! wptbl! j! esvhf! qsjnftf! v! wptlv*/! Ebobt! tf! wf|ub•lf! nbuj•of! •b|jdf! j{sb}vkv! pe! qmbtujlf<! pof! tf! lpsjtuf! {b! tblvqrbxf! nmf•b/! Jqbl! qspdfobu!qsjkfnb!q•fmjxji!mbswj!v!qmbtuj•ojn!•b|jdbnb!ojaj! kf!pe!qsjkfnb!v!•b|jdbnb!pe!•jtuph!q•fmjxfh!wptlb-!obnfxfoph! upn!djrv/! ! 592/!Ob!|ub!usfcb!pcsbujuj!qbaxv!qsj!qsfoptv!qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb!v!wf|ub•lv!nbuj•ov!•b|jdv@! nbufsjkbmb!v!wf|ub•lv!nbuj•ov!•b|jdv@! Qsj! qsfoptv! mbswj! v! wf|ub•lv! nbuj•ov! •b|jdv-! usfcb! eb! tf!pcsbuj!qbaxb!qsf!twfhb!ob!up-!eb!mj!hpsxj!lsbk!•b|jdf!ojkf! {bnb{bo! tb! nmf•pn/! Vovusb|xj! {jepwj! jtup! usfcb! eb! cvev! •jtuj/!Wbaop!kf!eb!tf!twblb!mbswb!qsfoftf!{bkfeop!tb!nmf•pn!ob! eop!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of!•b|jdf!!j!eb!of!cvef!qpwsf}fob/! ! 593/!J{hsb}vkv!mj!q•fmf!nbuj•xblf!v!qsjtvtuwv!kbkb@ 593/!J{hsb}vkv!mj!q•fmf!nbuj•xblf!v!qsjtvtuwv!kbkb@! mj!q•fmf!nbuj•xblf!v!qsjtvtuwv!kbkb@! Qsfnb! Psptjkv! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! j{hsb}vkv! nbuj•xblf-! kfewb! lbeb! kbkf! jnb! 3! ebob/! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! obkcprf! qsjnb! uspeofwob!kbkb!obe!lpkjnb!penbi!qp•jxv!eb!j{hsb}vkv!nbuj•xblf/! Pcj•op! q•fmf! voj|ubwbkv! kfeopeofwob! kbkb! •bl! j! v! qsfuipeop! qsjqsfnrfojn!wf|ub•ljn!nbuj•ojn!•b|jdbnb/!!! ! 594/!Pe!lblwf!mbswf!of!npaf!eb!tf!sb{wjkf!q•fmb!sbejmjdb@! 594/!Pe!lblwf!mbswf!of!npaf!eb!tf!sb{wjkf!q•fmb!sbejmjdb@ Q•fmb! sbejmjdb! of! npaf! eb! tf! sb{wjkf! pe! uspeofwof! mbswf!{b!nbujdv-!•jkb!ufajob!qsfmb{j!31!nh-!•bl!j!lbeb!kf!q•fmf! qp•ov! isbojuj! tb! nbxjn! lpmj•jobnb! |f~fsb! j! qpmfob! cf{! epebwbxb!tflsfub!aesfmof!amf{ef/!Pe!ublwf!mbswf!npaf!eb!tf! sb{wvkf! tbnp! nbujdb-! lpkb! ojkf! upmjlp! ob! dfoj! )tb! ubnopn! tqprb|op|~v-! wjej! qjubxf! 318*/! Ublwb! nbujdb! tf! sb{wjkb! pcj•op! v! wf|ub•ljn! spkfwjnb! lbp! esvhb! nbujdb! qptmf! pev{jnbxb!qswf!nbujdf-!lpkb!kf!wf~!qpmbhbmb!kbkb/!Pwp!tf!pcj•op!

225


ef|bwb! lpe! ofnbsoji! q•fmbsb! lpkj! tf! of! csjov! p! wf|ub•lpn! spkv-!qptmf!qp|up!kf!petusbojp!j{!xfhb!pqmp}fov!nbujdv/! ! 595/!Lblwf!mbswf!tv!obkqphpeojkf!{b!ofhpwbxf!nbujdb@! 595/!Lblwf!mbswf!tv!obkqphpeojkf!{b!ofhpwbxf!nbujdb@! Obkqphpeojkf! tv! mbswf-! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb-! tubsptuj! obkwj|f! 23! •btpwb/! Blp! tv! tubsjkf! vupmjlp! tv! ofqphpeojkf! {b! pehbkbxf/! Pe! mbswf! tubsjkf! pe! 4! ebob! of~f! tf! sb{wjuj! nbujdb/! Vuws}fop! kf! eb! nbujdf! pehbkfof! pe! obknmb}ji! mbswj! jnbkv! 295! kbkoji!dfw•jdb-!pe!ewpeofwoji!25:-!b!pe!uspeofwoji!tbnp!77/!Qp! qpebdjnb! Psptjkb! 62&! nbujdb! lpkf! tv! pehbkbof! pe! kfeopeofwoji! mbswj! jnbkv! v! kbkojdjnb! wj|f! pe! 441! kbkoji! dfw•jdb-! pe! ewpeofwoji!4:&!b!pe!uspeofwoji!23&/!J{!uphb!tmfej!eb!nbujdf! pehbkfof! pe! uspeofwoji! mbswj! ! nphv! j{v{fuop! eb! jnbkv! v! ewb! kbkojlb!j!wj|f!pe!411!kbkoji!dfw•jdb/! ! 596/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! v! qspevlujwoptuj! nbujdf! pehbkfof! pe! kbkfub!j!pe!mbswf@! kbkfub!j!pe!mbswf@! V! phmfejnb-! qspwfefojn! tb! nbujdbnb! epcjkfojn! pe! kfeof! jtuf!mjojkf!j!pqp}foji!v!kfeopk!tubojdj!bmj!kfeof!pehbkfof!pe!kbkb! b! esvhf! pe! mbswj-! ojkf! vuws}fob! sb{mjlb! v! qspevlujwoptuj! ob! nfe!j!ob!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb/!Sb{mjlf!kf!jnbmp!tbnp!v!upnf-!eb!tv! v! tb~v! tb! qmfnfojujn! nbufsjkbmpn! pe! kbkb-! q•fmf! j{hsb}jwbmf! nbmj!cspk!nbuj•xblb/! ! 597/! Nfxbkv! mj! tf! qmfnfojuj! {obdj! nbujdf! blp! tv! v! tubejkvnv! sb{wpkb!mbswf!isbxfof!pe!nmbeji!q•fmb!esvhf!sbtf@ sb{wpkb!mbswf!isbxfof!pe!nmbeji!q•fmb!esvhf!sbtf@! nmbeji!q•fmb!esvhf!sbtf@! J{! qsbltf! q•fmbsb! tfmfldjpobsb! kf! vuws}fop! eb! qsj! pehbkbxv! nbujdb! npaf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! pe! esvhf!sbtf/!Nmbef!q•fmf!uf!sbtf!of!qplb{vkv!tv|ujotlj!vujdbk!ob! tqprb|xj! j{hmfe! j! qpob|bxf! pehbkfof! nbujdf! j! xfoji! qplpmfxb/! ! 598/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!nbuj•xblb@! 598/!Lpmjlb!kf!evajob!nbuj•xblb@

226


Evajob!nbuj•xblb!wbsjsb!pe!27!.!–41!nn/!Up!{bwjtj!pe!uphb! p! lblwpn! nbuj•xblv! kf! sf•/! Sf{fswoj! )qsjoveoj*! nbuj•xbdj! tv! nophp! lsbulj! {bup! |up! tv! qptubwrfoj! v! evcplpk! ~fmjkj! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! mv•op/! Obkwf~j! tv! nbuj•xbdj! lpe! ujif! tnfof! )tbnptnfof*!nbujdf/!! ! 599/! Lblbw! opa! tf! lpsjtuj! {b! j{sf{jwbxf! qmfnfojuph! nbufsjkbmb@! nbufsjkbmb@! [b! uv! tqfdjkbmov! q•fmbstlv! nbojqvmbdjkv! lpsjtuj! tf! opa! obp|usfo!tb!pcf!tusbof/!Nophj!q•fmbsj!nf}vujn! lpsjtuf!yfqop! opa•f!ob!lpkf!tv!obwjlmj!j!jnbkv!hb!vwfl!qsj!svdj/! ! 59:/!\ub!kf!nbuj•oj!sbn@! 59:/!\ub!kf!nbuj•oj!sbn@! Nbuj•oj! sbn! kf! sbn! {b! qmpej|uf! tb! pebcsbojn! qmfnfojujn! nbufsjkbmpn! {b! pehbkbxf-! sbtqpsf}fo! ob! 3! jmj! 4!! qbsbmfmof!mfuwf!!ob!sbtupkbxv!pe!6!dn/!!kfeob!pe!esvhf/!Lbeb!tf! mfqf!~fmjkf!ob!qpenfub•f!up!sbtupkbxf!usfcb!eb!kf!7!dn/!)tm/!68*/!

Tm/!68! ! 5:1/! Ob! lpn! sbtupkbxv! usfcb! eb! tf! obqsbwf! puwpsj! v! sbnpwjnb!{b!qptubwrbxf!qpenfub•b!pe!qmvuf@! sbnpwjnb!{b!qptubwrbxf!qpenfub•b!pe!qmvuf@!

227


Ob! mfuwjdbnb! {b! nbuj•xblf! efcfmjn! 6! nn/! j! |jspljn! 39! nn/! ovaop! kf! qp! dfmpk! evajoj! mfuwj! eb! tf! obqsbwf! puwpsj! qsf•ojlb!31!nn/!Poj!usfcb!eb!tv!penblovuj!kfebo!pe!esvhph!41!.–! 46!nn/!V!kfebo!sbn!npaf!eb!tf!qptubwj!obkwj|f!4!mfuwf/! ! 5:2/!Lblp!npaf!sv•op!eb!tf!obqsbwf!pehpwbsbkv~j!qpenfub•j!{b! mfqrfxf!nbuj•xblb@! mfqrfxf!nbuj•xblb@! Tuboebseoj!qpenfub•j!{b!mfqrfxf!nbuj•xblb!qspebkv!tf! v!tqfdjkbmj{pwbojn!qspebwojdbnb!j!{bup!tf!of!qsqpsv•vkf!eb!tf! sbef! sv•op/! Tbnp! v! lsbkxfn! tmv•bkv! npaf! eb! tf! obqsbwj! pe! eswfub! jmj! {bqv|b•b/! J{sfafnp! qbs•j~f! ejnfo{jkb! 33! i! 33! nn/! Ublp!qsjqsfnrfoj!qpenfub•j!jtqvxbwbkv!vmphv!lbp!j!lvqrfoj!v! qspebwojdj/!! ! 5:3/!\ub!usfcb!eb! qbnuj!q•fmbs! lpkj!qptubwrb!nbuj•oj! lpkj!qptubwrb!nbuj•oj! sbn!tb! nbuj•xbdjnb!v!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!cf{!nbujdf@! nbuj•xbdjnb!v!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!cf{!nbujdf@! V! upn! tmv•bkv! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! qbnuj-! eb! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! cf{! nbujdf-! v! lpkf! ~f! eb! tf! qptubwj! nbuj•oj! sbn! tb! nbuj•xbdjnb-! of! usfcb! eb! jnb! puwpsfop! mfhmp-! {bmfafoj! nbuj•xbdj! j! nbujdb/! V! qspujwopn! tmv•bkv! of~f! tf! epcjuj! afrfoj! sf{vmubu-! q•fmf! ~f! eb! qsphsj{v! j! voj|uf! nbuj•xblf/! Ebobt!tf!ubk!nfupe!v!qspj{wpexj!nbujdb!of!lpsjtuj/!! ! 5:4/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!vtqf|op!qsjnbxf!nbuj•xblb!pe!q•fmb@! 5:4/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!vtqf|op!qsjnbxf!nbuj•xblb!pe!q•fmb@ Nbuj•xbdj!nphv!eb!cvev!qsjnrfoj!tbnp!pe!nmbeji!q•fmb! tubsptuj!obkwj|f!23!ebob/!Qsjtvtuwp!tflsfub!aesfmoji!amf{eb! kf! pemv•vkv~j! gblups! {b! vtqfi/! Q•fmf! tubsjkf! pe! 23! ebob! ojtv! qphpeof!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdf/!! ! 5:5/! Lbeb! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! nbuj•oj! sbn! tb! nbuj•xbdjnb! v! pehbkjwb•lp!esv|uwp@! pehbkjwb•lp!esv|uwp@! Lpe! pehbkbxb! opwji! nbujdb! v! qsjtvtuwv! tubsf! nbujdf-! ofpqipeop! kf! v! lp|ojdj! ptjhvsbuj! nftup! hef! ~f! eb! tf! qptubwj! nbuj•oj!sbn!ublp!eb!kf!j{pmpwbo!pe!nbujdf!tb!hvtupn!qsfhsbepn!

228


of! nbxf! pe! 7! •btpwb/! Qsfe! qptubwrbxf! nbuj•xblb! v! upn! qsptupsv! of! usfcb! eb! jnb! puwpsfoph! mfhmb/! Djr! kf! eb! v! j{pmpwbopn! nftuv! q•fmf! ptfuf! petvtuwp! nbujdf/Qptmf! qsjkfnb! qmfnfojuph!nbufsjkbmb!qsfhsbeb!tf!petusbxvkf!bmj!Ibobnbopwb! sf|fulb!usfcb!eb!tf!ptubwj/!! ! 5:6/!Hef!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nbuj•oj!sbn!v!lp|ojdj@! 5:6/!Hef!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!nbuj•oj!sbn!v!lp|ojdj@! Nbuj•oj! sbn! of! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! nf}v! tb~f! tb! {buwpsfojn! mfhmpn/! Blp! tf! qptubwj! v! lp|ojdv! wf|ub•lph! spkb! cf{! nbujdf-! lpkj! tf! tbupkj! qsfufaop! pe! nmbeji! q•fmb-! epwprop! kf!eb!tf!tb!kfeof!tusbof!qptubwj!sbn!tb!qpmfopn! b!tb!esvhf!sbn! tb!nfepn/!Lpe!wf|ub•lji!spkfwb!usfcb!pcf{cfejuj!wpev/!!! ! 5:7/! V! lblwjn! nbuj•xbdjnb! npaf! eb! tf! epcjkf! {obuop! {obuop! nbxb! ufajob!nbujdf@! ufajob!nbujdf@! V!pehbkvwb•lpn!esv|uwv!npaf!eb!tf!pehbkb!kfeop!{b!esvhjn! obkwj|f! 3! qplpmfxb! nbujdb! cf{! eb! tf! epebkv! nmbef! q•fmf! jmj! tb~f! tb! q•fmbnb! lpkf! j{mb{f/! Blp! tf! of! esajnp! uph! vtmpwb-! q•fmf! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! qptufqfop! tubsf! j! efktuwp! aesfmoji! amf{eb! tf! tnbxvkf/! Ublwp! tubxf! pcj•op! tf! {bqbab! lpe! usf~fh! qplpmfxb! nbujdb! b! lpe! •fuwsuph! wf~! kf! lsjuj•op/! J{mfafof! nbujdf! ojtv! qvopwsfeof! )nphv! eb! cvev! tb! nbmpn! ufajopn-!tb!nbmjn!cspkfn!kbkoji!dfw•jdb-!lsbulph!ajwpub!jue/!! ! 5:8/! Qp! •fnv! npaf! eb! tf! vtubopwj! vtubopwj! eb! kf! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tqsfnop!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb@! tqsfnop!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb@! Blp!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!lpkf!~f!tf!lpsjtujuj!{b!pehbkbxf! nbujdb-!tubsb!nbujdb!qp•of!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!spkfwf!nbuj•xblf-! up! kf! {obl! eb! tf! esv|uwp! qsjcmjabwb! nbltjnvnv!twph! sb{wpkb! j! tqsfnop!kf!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb/!V!qspujwopn!pop!~f!eb!{bqbeof!v! spkfwp!tubxf/! ! 5:9/! Lpkf! tubsptuj! usfcb! eb! cvef! nbujdb! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv@! esv|uwv@!

229


Tubsptu! nbujdf! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! ojkf! pe! {ob•bkb/! Epcsp! kf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! tubsb! nbujdb-! {bup! |up!nmbef! nbujdf! kp|! ojtv! ep|mf! v! tubxf! {b! ujiv! tnfov! jmj! spkfxf/! Sbej! uphb! usfcb!j{bcsbuj!esv|uwp!pehbkjwb•b!!tb!usphpej|xpn!nbujdpn/! ! 5::/! V! •fnv! tf! tbtupkj! qsjqsfnb! pehbkjwb•lph! esv|uwb! {b! nbujdf@! nbujdf@! Qsjqsfnb! pehbkjwb•lph! esv|uwb! tbtupkj! tf! v! epwp}fxv-! lpmjlp! kf! nphv~f! csaf-! v! spkfwp! tubxf/! Up! tf! qptujaf! lbeb! qp•fulpn! bqsjmb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! qsjisbxvkfnp! pcjmop! uf•opn! isbopn! j! cfmbo•fwjobnb-! {bup! |up! v! up! wsfnf! xji! v! qsjspej!kp|!ofnb!epwprop!)jnb!tf!v!wjev!obkqsf!qpmfo*/! ! 611/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! pcf{cfej! pehpwbsbkv~j! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm!{b!nbuj•xblf!cf{!lpsj|~fxb!lbwf{b!j{pmbupsb@ nbufsjkbm!{b!nbuj•xblf!cf{!lpsj|~fxb!lbwf{b!j{pmbupsb@! xblf!cf{!lpsj|~fxb!lbwf{b!j{pmbupsb@! V!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tf!qptubwj!tbu!cpkf!hbmfuf!)qsf{mf*!j{! lphb! tv! tf! j{mfhmf! obkwj|f! ewf! hfofsbdjkf! q•fmb/! Esvhj! ebo! tf! qspwfsbwb! eb! mj! tv! v! tbu! qpmafob! kbkb/! Usf~j! ebo! pe! qpqvxbwbxb!~fmjkb!v{jnb!tf!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm!tb!obknmb}jn! mbswbnb!)j{!tsfejof!tbub*/!! ! 612/! Lpmjlp! evhp! tf! ptubwrb! nbuj•oj! sbn! tb! nbuj•xbdjnb! v! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! [buwpsfoj! nbuj•xbdj! tf! ptubwrbkv! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! ep! j{mfhbxb! nbujdb/Qp{obup! kf! nf}vujn! eb! ~f! qswb! j{mfafob! nbujdb-! qplpsbwbkv~j! tf! jotujoluv! tnppesabxb-! voj|ujuj!twf!esvhf!j{mfafof!nbujdf/!Fup!{b|up!obknbxf!2!ebo-! b! cprf! kf! 3! ebob-! qsf! j{mfhbxb! nbujdb! nbuj•xblf! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! j{pmpwbuj! ublp! |up! tf! twblj! nbuj•xbl! qptubwj!v!qptfcbo!lbwf{!b!qpupn!twf!qptmbhbuj!v!qptfcbo!sbn!j! qpopwp! wsbujuj! ob! jtup! nftup! v! lp|ojdj/! Pwb! nbojqvmbdjkb! tf! ws|j!of!lbtojkf!pe!22!.–! uph!ebob-!bmj!kf!cprf!vsbejuj!up!21!.!uj!! ebo-!qptmf!qptubwrbxb!nbuj•xblb!v!pehbkjwb•lp!esv|uwp/!! !

230


613/! Lpmjlp! qplpmfxb! nbujdb! npaf! eb! tf! peofhvkf! v! kfeopn! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@ wv@! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|u wv@! V! kfeopn! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! npaf! eb! tf! pehbkb! kfeop! qplpmfxf! nbujdb/! Qptmf! uphb! v! esv|uwp! usfcb! epebuj! nbujdv! lpkb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! tbu! v! lpnf! tv! qp•fmf! eb! tf! j{mfav! nmbef! q•fmf/!! ! 614/! Lbeb! {b! pehbkbxf! kfeoph! qplpmfxb! nbujdb! lpsjtujnp! ewb! q•fmjxb!esv|uwb@ q•fmjxb!esv|uwb@! wb@! Blp! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! usfcb! eb! tf! sb{wjkf! ewb! qplmfxb!nbujdb-!b!eb!tf!qsj!upn!q•fmf!of!jtusp|f!qsfwsfnfop-! ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!qswp!qplpmfxf!petusboj!lbeb!tv!nbuj•xbdj! wf~! {buwpsfoj/! Pwj! nbuj•xbdj! tf! ebkv! esvhpn! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! b! v! qswp! esv|uwp! tf! qptubwrbkv! nbuj•xbdj! esvhph! qplmfxb/!V!pwpn!tmv•bkv!tv!nbujdf!pe!ewb!qplpmfxb!kfeoblf!qp! lwbmjufuv/!!! ! 615/! Npaf! mj! {b! qmfnfojup! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf! nbuj•xbdj!pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!lpkf!tf!spkj@! nbuj•xbdj!pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!lpkf!tf!spkj@! [b! qmfnfojup! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! nphv! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf! nbuj•xbdj! v{fuj! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! lpkf! tf! spkj/! Pwb! nbojqvmbdjkb! nf}vujn! nophp! kf! uf|lb! j! {bup! kf! cprf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of!•b|jdf-!ob!lpkjnb! q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv! nbuj•xblf/! ! 616/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! nbuj•xblb! j{hsb}fojn! ob! wf|ub•ljn! nbuj•ojn! nbuj•ojn! •b|jdbnb! j! ob! qsjspeojn! q•fmjxjn! ~fmjkbnb@! ~fmjkbnb@! ! V! nbuj•xblf! j{hsb}fof! ob! wf|ub•ljn! nbuj•ojn! •b|jdbnb-! q•fmbs! tbn! qsfoptj! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm-! epl! v! qsjspeojn!q•fmjxjn!~fmjkbnb!wf~!jnb!qpmpafo!pe!nbujdf/!Pwf! ewf! wstuf! nbuj•xblb! tf! sb{mjlvkv! j! qp! evajoj! qptmf! {buwbsbxb;! nbuj•xbdj! j{hsb}foj! ob! wf|ub•ljn! •b|jdbnb! tv!

231


qsjnfuop! lsb~j-! b! qsjspeoj! tv! {obuop! evaj/! Up! kf! {btmvhb! •jxfojdf!eb!tv!wf|ub•lf!nbuj•of!•b|jdf!{bmfqrfof!ejsfluop! ob!qpenfub•!v!nbuj•opn!sbnv-!b!qsjspeoj!tv!j{hsb}foj!ob!~fmjkj! q•fmf!sbejmjdf-!obmfqrfoj!v!oftnbxfopn!pcmjlv!ob!qpenfub•/! V!tlmbev!t!ujn!usfcb!eb!tf!cjsb!j!evajob!lbwf{b!j{pmbupsb!{b! nbuj•xblf/!! ! 617/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbupsoj!nbuj•oj!sbn@! 617/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbupsoj!nbuj•oj!sbn@! J{pmbupsoj! nbuj•oj! sbn! kf! tqfdjkbmop! qsjqsfnrfo! pcj•bo! sbn-! v! lpkj! tv! v•ws|~foj! j{pmbupsoj! lbwf{j! {b! nbuj•xblf-! qptubwrfoj! qpkfejob•op! jmj! pckfejxfoj! v! u{w/! cbufsjkf! {b! oflpmjlp! nbujdb/! Lbwf{j! tv! sbtqpsf}foj! v! 3! jmj! 4! sfeb!kfebo!j{obe!esvhph/!! ! 618/! \ub! usfcb! eb! tf! vsbej! tb! {sfmjn! nbuj•xbdjnb! v! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! Qsfe! j{mfhbxf! nbujdb! j{! nbuj•xblb! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! usfcb! eb! jnb! epwprbo! cspk! lbwf{b-! v! lpkf! ~f! eb! tf! qptubwf!{sfmj!nbuj•xbdj/!Ofpqipeop!kf!eb!lbwf{j!cvev!•jtuj!j! cf{! qbv•jof/! Tb! kfeof! tusbof! usfcb! eb! jnbkv! mjtu! pe! qsp{sb•of! qmbtujlf!b!tb!esvhf!Ibofnbopwv!sf|fulv!lsp{!lpkv!nmbef!q•fmf! usfcb! eb! jnbkv! qsjtuvq!ep! nbuj•xblb-!epl! tf! csjov! p! xjnb! )ep! j{mfhbxb! nbujdb*/! Lbwf{j! tb! {buwpsfojn! nbuj•xbdjnb! tf! qptubwrbkv! v! j{pmbupsoj! nbuj•oj! sbn-! lpkj! tf! wsb~b! ob! qsf}b|xf!nftup!v!pehbkjwb•lp!esv|uwp/! ! 619/! Lpmjlp! evhp! npaf! eb! tf! esaj! {buwpsfo! nbuj•xbl! j{wbo! j{wbo! lp|ojdf!b!eb!tf!of!qpsfnfuj!sb{wpk!nbujdf@! lp|ojdf!b!eb!tf!of!qpsfnfuj!sb{wpk!nbujdf@! V!{buwpsfopn!nbuj•xblv!mbswb!nbujdf!npaf!eb!tf!sb{wjkb! opsnbmop! j! wbo! lp|ojdf! tbnp! blp! tf! obmb{j! v! vtmpwjnb! tb! qpwpropn! plpmopn! ufnqfsbuvspn! )45! .! 46! °T*! j! wmbaop|~v! wb{evib! ! )71! .! 96! &*/! Ublwj! vtmpwj! nphv! eb! tf! pcf{cfef! v! ufsnptv/!Lpe!ojaf!ufnqfsbuvsf!nbuj•xbl!npaf!eb!tf!esaj!wbo! lp|ojdf!obkwj|f!2!tbu/!!

232


! ! ! 61:/! Lblwj! lbwf{j! tv! obkqphpeojkj! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb-! tb! nphv~jn!qsjtuvqpn!q•fmb!ep!nbuj•xblb!jmj!cf{!qsjtuvqb@! nphv~jn!qsjtuvqpn!q•fmb!ep!nbuj•xblb!jmj!cf{!qsjtuvqb@! Tb! cjpmp|lph! hmfej|ub! ebkf! tf! qsfeoptu! lbwf{jnb! lpe! lpkji! q•fmf! nphv! eb! ep}v! ep! nbuj•xblb! uk/! lsp{! ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv/!Bshvnfouj!tv!tmfef~j;! 2/ Nmbej! nbuj•xbdj! tb! nbujdbnb! lpkf! tf! kp|! ojtv! qspcvejmf-! {biufwbkv! pesf}fov! pqujnbmov! ufnqfsbuvsv! b! pob! npaf! eb! tf! pcf{cfej! tbnp! pe! nmbeji! q•fmb-! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! v! ofqptsfeopk!cmj{joj!nbuj•xblb/!! 3/ Qptmf! cv}fxb! nbujdf! q•fmf! qsphsj{bkv! qplmpqbd! nbuj•xblb!eb!pmbl|bkv!j{mb{bl!nbujdf!j!eb!nphv!eb!kf!isbof!tb! pcjmopn! lpmj•jopn! isbof/! V! nbuj•xbdjnb! j{pmpwbojn! v! {bnsfafojn! lbwf{jnb! mvulb! tf! sb{wjkb! cf{! q•fmb! j! lpe! ojaf! ufnqfsbuvsf! nphv! eb! tf! kbwf! efgfluj! v! sb{wpkv! oflji! efmpwb! ufmb! )qswfotuwfop! fltusfnjufuj! j! lsjmb*-! jmj! vpq|uf! eb! tf! of! j{mfhv/! Ublwb! nbujdb! tf! j{mfaf! uf|lp! j! qptmf! qsphsj{bxb! qplmpqdb! nbuj•xblb! of! epcjkb! epwprop! isbof/! Fup! {b|up! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! tv! qphpeojkj! lbwf{j! lpkj! pcf{cf}vkv! qsjtuvq! q•fmbnb!ep!nbuj•xblb/!! ! 621/! Lpmjlp! ebob! nphv! eb! tf! ptubwf! lbwf{j! tb! nbuj•xbdjnb! v! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv@! Qsj! qsbwjmop! pesf}fopn! wsfnfov! {b! qptubwrbxf! nbuj•xblb!v!lbwf{f!v!pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv-!nbujdf!qp•jxv!eb! tf! j{mfav! wf~! tmfef~fh! ebob/! [bup! kp|! esvhj! ebo! v! lbwf{jnb! npaf!eb!jnb!nmbeji!nbujdb/!Lbwf{j!of!usfcb!eb!ptubov!wj|f!pe! 4!.–!5!ebob!v!pehbkjwb•lpn!esv|uwv/! ! 622/! Tb! •jn! usfcb! tobcefuj! lbwf{! tb! nbuj•xblpn! v! lpkj! q•fmf! ofnbkv!qsjtuvq@! ofnbkv!qsjtuvq@!

233


Ob! eop! lbwf{b-! v! lpkj! q•fmf! ofnbkv! qsjtuvq-! qptubwrb! tf! wf|ub•lb!nbuj•ob!•b|jdb!tb!wfmjlpn!lbqj!uf•oph!nfeb/!_b|jdb! tf! qptubwj! qsfe! qptubwrbxf! {buwpsfoph! nbuj•xblb-! eb! cj! nphmb!nbujdb-!lbeb!tf!j{mfaf!eb!tf!obisboj!nfepn/!Eb!tf!of!cj! eftjmp! eb! tf! hmbwb! nbujdf! qpupqj! v! nfe-! hpsxj! lsbk! wf|ub•lf! nbuj•of!•b|jdf!usfcb!eb!tf!obhof!vovusb/!! ! 623/! \ub! usfcb! eb! pcf{cfej! q•fmbs! qsfe! wb}fxf! lbwf{b! j{! pehbkjwb•lph!esv|uwb@! pehbkjwb•lph!esv|uwb@! Kp|! qsf! wb}fxb! lbwf{b! tb! j{mfafojn! nbujdbnb! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! qsjqsfnj! epwprbo! cspk! pqmpexblb-! lbp! j! eb! qsf! uphb! qspwfsj! tjtufn! {b! qspwfusbwbxf! j! {bqujwbxf! ob! mfuv-! sbnpwf! tb! obmfqrfojn! usblbnb! tbuof! ptopwf-! sf{fswf! isbof! j! tjtufn! {b!{buwbsbxf!twblph!pqmpexblb/!! ! 624/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!lpouspmj|v!j{mfafof!nbujdf@! 624/!Lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!lpouspmj|v!j{mfafof!nbujdf@! J{mfafof! nbujdf! usfcb! qbarjwp! qsfhmfebuj! mvqpn-! qsf! lpsj|~fxb;! qspwfsbwb! tf! eb! mj! tv! opsnbmop! sb{wjkfof! boufojdf-!lsjmb-!ophf!j!qptmfexj!uscv|oj!tfhnfou<!lblbw!jn!kf! pq|uj! tqprb|xj! j{hmfe! j! gj{j•lp! tubxf/! Blp! tf! pulsjkj! ofeptubdj!nbujdb!tf!|lbsujsb/!! ! 625/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!njlspovlmfvtj@! 625/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!njlspovlmfvtj@! Njlspovlmfvtj!tv!nbmf!lp|oj•jdf!wfmj•jof!tfldjkf!)wjej! qjubxf! 641*-lpkf! tf! lpsjtuf! qsj! tqfdjkbmopn! pqmp}bwbxv! nbujdb/! Nfupejlb! pqmp}bwbxb! v! njlspovlmfvtjnb! kf! sb{sb}fob! pe!tqfdjkbmjtuf!{b!q•fmbstuwp!Uskbtlpwf/!! ! 626/!Pe!lpkji!q•fmb!kf!tbtubwrfo!spk!{b!qvxfxf!pqmpexblb@! 626/!Pe!lpkji!q•fmb!kf!tbtubwrfo!spk!{b!qvxfxf!pqmpexblb@! Wf|ub•lj! spk! tf! tbtupkj! tbnp! pe! nmbeji! q•fmb! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! tb~v! tb! puwpsfojn! mfhmpn/! Qvxfxf! pqmpexblb! kf! eptub! ufabl! {bebubl! qptfcop! v! lp|ojdj! cf{! nbojqvmbdjpoph! qsp{ps•fub/!Qsj!tblvqrbxv!nmbeji!q•fmb!v!spkfwlv!usfcb!eb!tf! qb{j!eb!tb!xjnb!v!xv!of!qbeof!j!nbujdb/!V!lp|ojdbnb!tb!sbeojn!

234


qsp{ps•fupn!ubk!qspdft!kf!nophp!vqsp|~fo;!nmbef!q•fmf!pcj•op! tf!obhpnjmbkv!ob!usvupwtlpn!sbnv!ublp!eb!ofqptsfeop!tb!twblph! sbnb!npaf!eb!tf!obqvoj!3!pqmpexblb/!! ! 627/! [b|up! oflj! q•fmbsj! of! lpsjtuf! j{pmbupstlf! lbwf{f! j! ptubwrbkv! nbujdf! eb! tf! j{mfhv! v! qsfeipeop! qsfeipeop! qsjqsfnrfopn! wf|ub•lpn!spkv@! wf|ub•lpn!spkv@! Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb-! nbujdf! qsf! j{mfhbxb! kp|! ojtv! qpuqvop! sb{wjkfof! nblbs! eb! qsphsj{bkv! qplmpqdf! nbuj•xblb/! V! j{pmbupstljn! lbwf{jnb-! v! vtmpwjnb! lbeb! ufnqfsbuvsb!tqprb|xf!tsfejof!ojkf!epwprop!wjtplb-!npaf!eb! tf! qpsfnfuj! opsnbmbo! sb{wpk! nbujdf! v! qptmfexfn! tubejkvnv/! Sbej! uphb! oflj! q•fmbsj! ptubwrbkv! nbujdf! eb! tf! j{mfhv! v! epwprop!kblpn!wf|ub•lpn!spkv/!!

Tm/!69! 2/!qplmpqbd!pe!•bnpwjof<!3/!sbn!qplmpqdb<!4/!qpenfub•! ){bqv|b•*!{b!nbuj•xblf<!5/!mfuwb!tb!puwpsjnb!{b!qpenfub•f<!! 6/!sbn<!7/!upqmpuob!j{pmbdjkb<!8/!sbn!lpnpsf!{b!nbuj•xblf<!9/! mfup!)vmb{*<!:/!qpmfubrlb<!21/!aj•bob!nsfab!!

235


628/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf@! 628/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf@! Spkfwlb! {b! nbujdf! )tm/! 69*! kf! qsfewj}fob! {b! jtupwsfnfop! pehbkbxf! wfmjlph! cspkb! nbujdb/! V! xv! tf! tubwf! 4! sbnb/! Qspwfusbwb!tf!lsp{!dfmv!qpws|jov!qpeb!j!cf{!mfub!kf/!! ! ! 629/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!vsfej!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf@! 629/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!vsfej!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf@! V! spkfwlv! {b! nbujdf! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! kfebo! tbu! tb! qpmfopn!)lbe!tf!petusboj!puwpsfop!mfhmp*!j!kfebo!tbu!tb!nfepn/! Usfcb!eb!tf!qb{j!eb!v!xv!of!vqbeof!nbujdb/!V!qsptups!nf}v!tb~f! tf!qptubwrbkv!nbuj•xbdj/!! ! 62:/!Lblp!tf!qvoj!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf!q•fmbnb@! 62:/!Lblp!tf!qvoj!spkfwlb!{b!nbujdf!q•fmbnb@! J{! pehbkjwb•lph! esv|uwb! tf! j{wbej! 4! tbub! tb! puwpsfojn! mfhmpn! j! twjn! q•fmbnb! )ptjn! nbujdf*! j! jtusftv! tf! j{nf}v! ewb! tbub! qptubwrfob! v! spkfwlv! {b! nbujdf/! Qptmf! qvxfxb! spkfwlf! qplmpqbd! kpk! tf! puwpsj! eb! cj! nphmf! tubsf! q•fmf! eb! j{mfuf! j! qptmf!uphb!tf!qpopwp!{buwpsj/!! ! 631/!Lbeb!tf!qptubwrbkv!nbuj•xbdj!v!spkfwlv!{b!nbujdf@! 631/!Lbeb!tf!qptubwrbkv!nbuj•xbdj!v!spkfwlv!{b!nbujdf@! Nbuj•xbdj! tf! qptubwrbkv! v! spkfwlv! {b! nbujdf! 2! .! –! 3! tbub! qptmf! xfoph! qvxfxb! nmbejn! q•fmbnb/! Qp|up! tv!pwf! q•fmf! cf{! nbujdf!pof!penbi!qp•jxv!eb!tf!csjov!p!mbswbnb!v!nbuj•xbdjnb! j! qptmf! 3! tbub! npaf! eb! tf! qspwfsj! lpmjlp! nbuj•xblb! kf! qsjnrfop!pe!q•fmb/!Pecb•fof!)ofqsjnrfof*!mbswf!tf!{bnfxvkv! esvhjn!qmfnfojujn!nbufsjkbmpn/!Esvhj!ebo!dfp!tbesabk!spkfwlf! tf! qsfnf|ub! obe! Ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv! v! obtubwbl! pehbkjwb•lph! esv|uwb/!! ! 632/! \ub! of! usfcb! eb! {bcpsbwj! q•fmbs! lbeb! qptubwrb! nbuj•xblf!v!spkfwlv!{b!nbujdf@! nbuj•xblf!v!spkfwlv!{b!nbujdf@! Lpe! qptubwrbxb! nbuj•xblb! v! spkfwlv! {b! nbujdf-! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! qspwfsj! eb! mj! kf! tjtufn! {b! qspwfusbwbxf! jtqsbwbo! j! eb!mj!kf!qplmpqbd!{buwpsfo!ifsnfuj•lj!j!isbojmjdb!qptubwrfob!

236


qsbwjmop/! Qptmf! uphb! spkfwlb! tf! qsfnf|ub! ob! tfopwjup! j! qspimbeop!nftup/!!! ! 633/!_jnf!usfcb!eb!tf!isbof!q•fmf!v!spkfwlj!{b!nbujdf@! 633/!_jnf!usfcb!eb!tf!isbof!q•fmf!v!spkfwlj!{b!nbujdf@! Nmbef! q•fmf! jnbkv! epwprop! isbof! v! spkfwlj/! V! xv! kf! tubwrfop!tb~f!tb!qpmfopn!j!nfepn/!Ofeptubkf!jn!tbnp!wpeb/!Xv! ~f! epcjuj! v! pcmjlv! epcsp! sb{sf}foph! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb! qptubwrfoph!v!isbojmjdv/!Peopt!lpnqpofouj!sbtuwpsb!kf!2!;!4!)2! lh/!|f~fsb!ob!4!m/!wpef*/! ! 634/! \ub! kf! Tm/!6:! ovlmfvt!@! ovlmfvt!@! Ovlmfvt! kf! nbmb! lp|oj. db! tb! 3! jmj! 4! sbnb-! v! lpkj! tf! qptubwrb! nmb. eb! nbujdb! tb! nmbejn! q•fmb. nb! qsbujrbnb! )tm/!6:*;! 2/!qplmpqbd<! 3/!sbnpwj<! 4/! puwpsj! {b! qspwfusbwb.xf/! Nbujdb! ptubkf! v! xfnv! ep! pqmpexf/! [bqsfnjob! ovlmfvtb! kf! sb{mj•jub-! bmj! kf! obk•f|~f! pe! 2-6! ep! 4! en/! lvcob/!!

237


635/!\ub!kf!tfldjkb@ 635/!\ub!kf!tfldjkb@! b@! Tfldjkb!)tm/!71*!2/!tfldjkb-!3/!upqmpuob!j{pmbdjkb-!4/!puwps! {b! qspwfusbwbxf-! 5/! puwps! {b! qptubwrbxf! isbojmjdf-! 6/! mfup! v! j{pmbdjkj-! 7/! tublmp-! 8/! qsfexb! tusbob! tfldjkf-! kf! ! ovlmfvt! tb! kfeojn! sbnpn-! {buwpsfo! tb! ewf! tusbof! tublmpn! jmj! qmfltjhmbtpn/!Isbojmjdb!kf!qptubwrfob!v!hpsxfn!efmv/!Ovlmfvt! usfcb! eb! cvef! epcsp! vupqrfo! j! {bup! tf! qptubwrb! v! ufsnpj{pmbdjpoj! lpsqvt! )lpavi*/! Qspj{wpej! tf! obk•f|~f! v! pcmjlv! vewpkfof! tfldjkf! tb! mfupn! ob! tvqspuojn! tusbobnb! j! sb{mj•juf!wfmj•jof!.–! tb!njojkbuvsojn!sbnpn!tb!qpws|jopn!pe!2! en/! lwbesbuoph! ep! sbnb! tuboebseof! wfmj•jof/! Qphpeof! tv! tfldjkf!tb!wfmj•jopn!lpkb!pehpwbsb!205¼!¼!!pe!qmpej|oph!sbnb!lpkj! tf!lpsjtuj!v!tuboebseopk!lp|ojdj/! ! 636/! Lblp! Tm/!71! usfcb! eb! tf! vsfej!ovlmfvt! qsfe! xfhpwp! qvxfxf! q•f. q•f. mbnb@! mbnb@! Obkqsf! tf! ob! hpsxv! mfuwv! sbnb! qsjmfqf! usb. lf! pe! tbuoji! ptopwb! |jsj. of! plp! 4! dn/! b! v! isbojmjdf! tf! qptubwrb! isbob! )|f~fs. op!lwbtop!uft. up! j! nbmb! lpmj•job! •jt. uf!wpef/!

238


Qptmf!uphb!mfup!!tf!{buwbsb!b!puwbsb!tf!puwps!{b!qspwfusbwbxf/! V!lspwv-!lpkj!kf!pe!mjnb-!of!usfcb!eb!jnb!j{pmbdjkb!pe!gjmdb/! Blp!tf!ovlmfvt!of!qptubwrb!ob!qpenfub•-!pep{ep!usfcb!eb!jnb! aj•bov!nsfav/!! ! 637/! Lpmjlb! lpmj•job! |f~fsop! lwbtoph! uftub! tf! qptubwrb! v! ovlmfvt@! ovlmfvt@! V!ovlmfvt!tf!qptubwrb!plp!311!hs/!|f~fsop!lwbtoph!uftub/! Ub! lpmj•job! tf! pcj•op! qplb{vkf! ofepwpropn! ep! npnfoub! lbeb! nbujdb! qp•of! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb-! j! usfcb! eb! tf! epqvoj/! Blp! v! qsjspej! jnb! epcsf! qb|f-! tvwj|op! kf! epebwbuj! isbov/! Qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! uf•ob! isbob-! {bup! |up! lpodfouspwbob! isbob! ojkf! epcsb! {b! mfhmp! j! {b! j{hsbexv! tb~b! v! tmbcjn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb/!! ! 638/!Tb!lblwph!tb~b!tf!v{jnbkv!q•fmf!{b!ovlmfvt@!! 638/!Tb!lblwph!tb~b!tf!v{jnbkv!q•fmf!{b!ovlmfvt@! [b! ovlmfvt! tf! v{jnbkv! q•fmf! tb! tb~b! lpkf! jnb! nmbep! puwpsfop! mfhmp/! Nophp! qphpeof! {b! pwbk! djr! tv! lp|ojdf! tb! vhsb}fojn! nbojqvmbdjpojn! qsp{ps•fupn! v! {bexfn! {jev! lp|ojdf/! Ubnp! tf! obmb{f! nmbef! q•fmf-! lpkf! tv! obkqphpeojkf! {b! qvxfxf!ovlmfvtb/!! ! 639/!Lblp!tf!qvof!ovlmfvtj!nmbejn!q•fmbnb@! 639/!Lblp!tf!qvof!ovlmfvtj!nmbejn!q•fmbnb@! [b! qvxfxf! ovlmfvtjnb! nmbejn! q•fmbn! kf! obkqphpeojkf! eb! tf! obqsbwj! wf|ub•lj! spk! j{! oflpmjlp! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! qsb{ov! spkfwlv/! V! wf|ub•lpn! spkv! usfcb! eb! cvev! qswfotuwfop! nmbef! q•fmf/! Ofqptsfeop! qsfe! qvxfxf! ovlmfvtb! usfcb! eb! tv! pcf{cf}fof! j{mfafof! nbujdf-! lpkf! tf! {buwbsbkv! v! lbwf{f/! Ovlmfvtj! tf! tubwrbkv! ob! {fnrv! j! puwbsbkv/! Qsfuipeop! usfcb! qsjqsfnjuj! qvmwfs{bups! )qstlbmjdv*-! •fulv! j! mfwbl! {b! q•fmf/! Spkfwlb! tf! vebsj! mblp! p! {fnrv-! qplmpqbd! kpk! tf! petusbxvkf! j! q•fmf! tf! penbi! qpqstlbkv! wpepn/! Qptmf! uphb! tf! nmbef! q•fmf! sb{efrvkv! v! qpkfejob•of! ovlmfvtf! j! qptmf! xjipwph! qvxfxb! )ob! plp!204! ovlmfvtb*!qplmpqbd!tf!{buwbsb/!Lbeb!twj! ovlmfvtj!cvev!

239


obqvxfoj! nmbejn! q•fmbnb-! sbwopnfsop-! nbujdb! j{! twblph! lbwf{b!tf!viwbuj!eftopn!svlpn!j!lbeb!tf!qpnfsj!nbmp!qplmpqbd-! mfwpn! svlpn! tf! qpejhof! j! nbujdb! tf! qv|ub! nf}v! nmbef! q•fmf/! Qptmf! uph! ovlmfvt! tf! cs{p! {buwbsb-! qsj! upnf! puwps! {b! qspwfusbwbxf! usfcb! eb! kf! puwpsfo! b! mfup! )vmb{*! {buwpsfop/! Ob! lsbkv!tf!qptubwrb!upqmpj{pmbdjpoj!nbufsjkbm!)gjmd*!j!qplsjwb/! Ofjtlpsj|~fof! q•fmf! j{! spkfwlf! wsb~bkj! tf! ob{be! v! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp/!! ! 63:/! Lblp! tf! qvof! ovlmfvtj! nmbejn! q•fmfnf! v! q•fmbstljn! gbsnbnb@! gbsnbnb@! V! Ofnb•lpk! {b! pehbkbxf! nbujdb! lpsjtuf! tf! tfldjkf! )ovlmfvt!tb!kfeojn!sbnpn*-!lpkf!jnbkv!ob!eov!qsp|jsfo!puwps!lpkj! tf!{buwbsb!tb!qfsgpsjsbojn!mjnfojn!qplmpqdfn!)npaf!eb!cvef! pe!aj•bof!nsfaf!jmj!qmbtujlf*/!Puwps!tfldjkf!qptubwrb!tf!obe! puwps! ob! qplmpqdv! tqfdjkbmof! spkfwlf! v! lpkv! kf! npoujsbo! epcsp! v•ws|~fo!lmjo/!Spkfwlb!tf!qvoj!tb!kfeof!tusbof!nmbejn!q•fmbnb! lpkf!tf!lmj.opn!j{hvsbkv!ob!esvhv!tusbov/!Pc{jspn!eb!q•fmf!jnbkv! tbnp! kfeov! nphj~optu! eb! j{mfuf! j{! spkfwlf! .–! lsp{! Tm/!72! puwps! ob! xf. opn! qplmpqdv-! tfldjkf! tf! qvof! ofqp. tsfeop! kfeob! pe! esvhf! ublp! eb! q•fmbs! of! epmb{j! v! ej. sflubo! lpo. ublu!tb!q•fmb. nb/! Pwb! tqf. djkbmob! sp.

240


kfwlb! tf! {pwf! qvojufr! )tm/72*! 2/! tboev•f-! 3/! qpujtljwb•-! 4/! ptb! qpujtljwb•b-! 5/! svlpiwbu-! 6/! puwps! {b! qvxfxf! tboev•fub-! 7/! lbqbl! ob! puwpsv! {b! qvxfxf! tboev•fub-! 8/! puwps! {b! qvxfxf! tfldjkf-! 9/! lbqbl! ob! puwpsv! {b! qvxfxf! tfldjkf-! :/! tfldjkb-! 21/! puwps!ob!eov!tfldjkf-!22/!mjnfoj!mfwbl/! ! 641/![b|up!of!usfcb!q•fmf!!penbi!eb!tf!qvtuf!j{!ovlmfvtb@! 641/![b|up!of!usfcb!q•fmf!!penbi!eb!tf!qvtuf!j{!ovlmfvtb@! Nmbef! q•fmf! tv! j{! sb{oji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! uk/! nf}v! xjnb! npaf! eb! jnb! j! ublwji! lpkf! tv! wf~! j{ws|jmf! pcmfubxf! j{! twpkf! lp|ojdf/! Sbej! uphb! lpe! qsfwsfnfoph! puwbsbxb! ovlmfvtb! q•fmf! nphv! eb! tf! wsbuf! ob{be! v! lp|ojdv! j! ovlmfvt! eb! ptubof! qpmvqsb{bo/! V! ublwpn! ovlmfvtv! nbujdb! ~f! eb! tf! ptf~b! v! ofqpwpropn!qpmpabkv-!{bup!|up!nmbef!q•fmf-!lpkf!tv!ptubmf!lpe! xf!of!nphv!eb!pesaf!ofpqipeov!ufnqfsbuvsv!{b!j{mfhbxf!mfhmb! j! {b! j{hsbexv! tb~b/! [cph! uphb! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! q•fmf! esaf! {buwpsfof! v! ovlmfvtv! v! usbkbxv! 3! ebob! j! 3! op~j! eb! tf! of! cj! wsbujmf! v! twpkf! lp|ojdf/! Bmj! blp! tf! ovlmfvt! peoftf! ob! sbtupkbxf!2!ln/!pe!qsf}b|xfh!nftub-!ubeb!vpq|uf!ojkf!ovaop!eb! tf!{buwbsb!mfup/! ! 642/! \ub! usfcb! vsbejuj! tb! ovlmfvtjnb! qptmf! ewpeofwoph! {buwbsbxb!nmbeji!q•fmb@! {buwbsbxb!nmbeji!q•fmb@ Qptmf! ewpeofwoph! {buwbsbxb! nmbeji! q•fmb! ofpqipeop! kf-! vwf•f! )plp! 29! •btpwb*! ovlmfvtf! qsfnftujuj! ob! pesf}fop! nftup/! Qsj!upnf!poj!usfcb!eb!tf!sbtqpsfef!ublp!eb!pe!22!ep!27!•btpwb! ejsfluoj! tvo•fwj! {sbdj! of! qbebkv! ob! xji/! Qptmf! uphb! tf! {buwbsbkv! puwpsj! {b! qspwfusbwbxf! b! puwbsb! tf! mfup/! Ovlmfvtj! ptubkv!ob!upn!nftuv!epl!tf!of!pqmpef!nbujdf/!! ! 643/! Lbeb! ojkf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! esaf! q•fmf! {buwpsfof! v! ovlmfvtjnb@! ovlmfvtjnb@! Ojkf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!q•fmf!esaf!{buwpsfof!v!ovlmfvtjnb-! blp! kp|! ojtv! j{ws|jmf! psjkfoubdjpop! pcmfubxf! )uk/! lpkf! ojtv! tubsjkf! pe! 7! ebob*-! b! jtup! j! lbeb! tv! ovlmfvtj! vebrfoj! pe!

241


qswpcjuoph! nftub! ob! sbtupkbxv! of! nbxfn! pe! 2! ln/! hef! ofnb! esvhji!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb/!! ! 644/![b|up!ob!qplmpqdv!ovlmfvtb!usfcb!eb!jnb!puwps@ 644/![b|up!ob!qplmpqdv!ovlmfvtb!usfcb!eb!jnb!puwps@! mpqdv!ovlmfvtb!usfcb!eb!jnb!puwps@ Twblj! ovlmfvt! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! joejwjevbmop-! obqsjnfs! lbeb! qsj! qsfhmfev! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! {bqb{jnp! {sfmf!spkfwf!nbuj•xblf!jmj!nbuj•xblf!{b!ujiv!tnfov!j!v!xjnb! q•fmf!qp•fmf!eb!pehbkbkv!nbujdf/!Ubeb!kf!epwprop!eb!tf!ovlmfvt! obqvoj!cs{p!nmbejn!q•fmbnb-!eb!tf!pcf{cfej!isbob!j!lsp{!puwps! ob! qplmpqdv! eb! tf! qptubwj! {sfp! nbuj•xbl! jmj! eb! tf! qvtuj! j{mfafob!nmbeb!nbujdb-!qsfuipeop!qpqstlbob!imbeopn!wpepn/! ! 645/! Lbeb! j! tb! lblwjn! djrfn! usfcb! eb! tf! j{ws|j! qsfhmfe! ovlmfvtb@! ovlmfvtb@! _fuwsuj! ebo! qptmf! qptubwrbxb! ovlmfvtb! ob! pesf}fop! nftup-! usfcb! eb! tf! qspwfsj! tubxf! {bmjib! isbof! j! blp! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! epqvoj/! Usfcb! eb! tf! vuwsej! eb! mj! j{hsbexb! tb~b! uf•f! opsnbmop! j! lblbw! kf! cspk! q•fmb/! Blp! v! tb~v! jnb! qpmfob-! twf! kf! v! sfev/! Blp! qsj! qsfhmfev! nbujdb! j{mfuj! j{! ovlmfvtb-!q•fmbs!of!usfcb!eb!tf!v{ofnjsbwb-!{bup!|up!kf!pob!wf~! j{ws|jmb!psjkfoubdjpop!pcmfubxf!j!wsbuj~f!tf!ob{be/! ! 646/! \ub! usfcb! vsbejuj! tb! q•fmjxjn! esv|uwpn! qptmf! pev{jnbxb!pqmp}fof!nbujdf@! pev{jnbxb!pqmp}fof!nbujdf@! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! lpkf! kf! ptubmp! cf{! nbujdf-! qpkb•bwb! tf! nmbejn! q•fmbnb! ! j! lsp{! puwps! ob! qplmpqdv! vcbdj! tf! nbuj•xbl! tb! j{mb{f~pn! nbujdpn! j! isbob/! Qptmf-! lbeb! cvev! j{lpsj|~fof! nphv~optuj! j! lpe! uf! nbujdf-! q•fmf! v! ovlmfvtv! wj|f! tf! of! lpsjtuf!{bup!|up!tv!tubsf-!b!ptjn!uphb!eplb{bop!kf-!eb!tv!ublwf! q•fmf!•ftup!{bsbafof!op{fnpn/!Fup!{b|up!kf!epcsp!eb!tf!q•fmf! {bejnf!tvnqpspn-!b!tb~f!eb!tf!jtupqj!v!upqjpojlv/! ! 647/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!nbujdb!eb!qsftupkj!v!ovlmfvtv@! 647/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!npaf!nbujdb!eb!qsftupkj!v!ovlmfvtv@!

242


Qp|up!kf!nbujdb!qp•fmb!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!v!ovlmfvtv!b!pe!kbkb! tf!j{mfhv!mbswf-!pob!usfcb!eb!tf!qsfnftuj!v!lp|ojdv!tb!wfmjlpn! {bqsfnjopn/! Up! tf! {biufwb-! of! tbnp! |up! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! npaf! eb! tf! qpkbwj! spkfwj! obhpo-! ofhp! j! eb! of! cj! ptmbcjmp! qpmbhbxf!kbkb!nbujdf-!{bup!|up!kpk!tf!kbkojdj!sb{wjkbkv!v!usbkbxv! pe! 3! nftfdb! qptmf! j{mfhbxb/! [cph! uphb! nbujdb! npaf! eb! tf! ptubwj!v!ovlmfvtv!epl!q•fmf!qp•ov!eb!{buwbsbkv!qpmpafop!mfhmp/! Qptmf! uphb! nbujdb! tf! lpsjtuj! v! wf|ub•lpn! spkv! jmj! wf~fn! ovlmfvtv-! hef! pob! npaf! ofqsfljeop! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! kbkojdj! ~f! kpk!tf!sb{wjuj!qpuqvop/!! ! 648/![b|up!q•fmf!qptuwrfof!v!ojlmfvtf!•ftup!tf!spkf@ 648/![b|up!q•fmf!qptuwrfof!v!ojlmfvtf!•ftup!tf!spkf@! spkf@! V! ovlmftjnb! q•fmf! tf! spkf! •ftup! j{! ewb! sb{mphb;! qswp! wfmjlj! kf! cspk! nmbeji! q•fmb-! lpkjnb! kf! qpqvxfo! ovlmfvt<! esvhj! hmbwoj!sb{mph!kf!wjtplb!ufnqfsbuvsb-!lpkb!tf!sb{wjkb!v!ovlmfvtv! qpe! efktuwpn! tvo•fwji! {sblb! )blp! ojkf! {btfo•fo*/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! tf! spkf! •bl! j! blp! ji! ojkf! nophp-! b! jtup! j! lbeb! nbujdb!kp|!ojkf!pqmp}fob/! ! 649/! \ub! qsfetubwrbkv! qmfnfojuf! lp|ojdf!tb!sf{fswojn!nbujdbnb@! lp|ojdf!tb!sf{fswojn!nbujdbnb@! Qmfnfojuf! lp|ojdf! )tm/! 73*! 2/! lbqbl-!3/!eop-!4/!qplmpqbd-!5/!sbn-!tv! nbmf!lp|ojdf!tb!4!ep!6!tuboebseoji! sbnpwb! j! tb! hpsxjn! mfupn! )vmb{*/! V! xjnb!nbujdf!nphv!eb!qsf{jnf-!blp!kf! ptjhvsbob! ofpqipeob! ufsnj•lb! j{pmbdjkb! j! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf! lbp! sf{fswof!lpe!hvcjulb!tubsf!nbujdf!v! ptopwopn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!{jnj/! ! 64:/! Lblwb! tv! qsfjnv~tuwb! j! ofeptubdj!qmfnfojuf!lp|ojdf@! ofeptubdj!qmfnfojuf!lp|ojdf@ Tm/!73!

243


Qmfnfojub!lp|ojdb!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!{b!qptubwrbxf! nbuj•xblb-! lpkj! tv! epcjkfoj! v! pehbkjwb•lpn! esv|uwv! b! {b! xji! ofnbnp!epwprop!ovlmfvtb/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!npaf!mblp!eb!tf!tuwpsj! sf{fswop! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp/! V! ublwpk! lp|ojdj! qptmf! pqmpexf! nbujdb! npaf! joufo{jwop! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! b! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! uf|lp! eptujaf! spkfwp! tubxf/!V! ofeptubulf! qmfnfojuf! lp|ojdf! npaf! eb! tf! sb•vob! ofpqipeoptu! wf~f! lpmj•jof! q•fmb! {b! xfop! qvxfxf! j! qpuf|lp! xfop! gpsnjsbxf! v! pqmpeojn! tubojdbnb-! {bup!|up!nbujdb!usfcb!eb!cvef!pqmp}fob!tb!qmfnfojujn!usvupn/! ! 651/!Lpmjlp!nbujdb!npaf!eb!cvef!pqmp}fop!pe!usvupwb!j{!kfeoph! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! Usvupwj-! j{mfafoj! v! kfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv-! tv! epwproj! {b! pqmpexv! 36! nbujdb! qsj! vtmpwv! eb! kf! qpws|job! usvupwtlph! mfhmb! 21! en/! lwbesbuoji-! lpkb! pehpwbsb! wfmj•joj! tuboebseoph! tbub/!! ! 652/! Lblp! eb! tf! tb•vwbkv! usvupwj! qmfnfojuph! esv|uwb! {b! pqmp}fxf! nbujdb-! v! lsjuj•opn! tmv•bkv-! lbeb! q•fmf! qp•ov! eb! hpof! usvupwf! j{! lp|ojdf@! lp|ojdf@! Qp{obup! kf! eb! usvupwj! ajwf! evhp! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! lpkf! kf! ptubmp! cf{! nbujdf/! Ublp-! blp! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! petusbojnp! nbujdv-! usvupwj! ~f! v! xfnv! eb! tf! tb•vwbkv/! ! 653/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! ptjhvsb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! pe! ofafrfoji! uv}ji! usvupwb! lpe! qmfnfojuph! Tm/!74! pehbkbxb!nbujdb@! pehbkbxb!nbujdb@!

244


V! ublwpn! tmv•bkv-! {b! ptjhvsbxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! ofpqipeop! kf! ob! mfup! ! lp|ojdf! qptubwjuj! Ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv! tb!puwpsjnb!|jspljn!6-3!nn/!)tm/!74*!2/!pcj•ob!nbuj•ob!sf|fulb-! 3/! sf|fulb! {b! {besabwbxf! usvupwb-! 4/! sf|fulb! qspqv|ub! tbnp! q•fmf!sbejmjdf/!Lsp{!uv!sf|fulv!nphv!eb!qsp}v!q•fmf!bmj!of!j! usvupwj/! ! 654/!Lbeb!nbujdf!j{mf~v!ob!csb•oj!mfu@! 654/!Lbeb!nbujdf!j{mf~v!ob!csb•oj!mfu@ Nbujdf!j{mf~v!ob!csb•oj!mfu!v!jtup!wsfnf!lbeb!j!usvupwj! uk/!sbop!qptmf!sv•lb!)j{nf}v!24!j!26!•btpwb*/!Sbojkf!jmj!lbtojkf! j{mfubxf!kf!vtmpwrfop!qspnfopn!lmjnbutlji!vtmpwb/!! ! 655/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!nbujdb!tf!qbsj!tb!usvupn@! 655/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!qptmf!j{mfhbxb!nbujdb!tf!qbsj!tb!usvupn@! Nbujdb! tf! qbsj! tb! usvupn! kfeov! tfenjdv! qptmf! j{mfhbxb<! pcj•op! up! cjwb! j{nf}v! 6.ph! j! 21.ph! ebob/! V! tqfdjkbmj{jsbopk! mjufsbuvsj! tv! pqjtboj! tmv•bkfwj! lbeb! tv! nbujdf! j{ws|jmf! csb•oj!mfu!qptmf!6!.!–! 7!tfenjdb-!b!•bl!j!qptmf!96!ebob/!Nbujdf! {buwpsfof! v! lbwf{v! v! usbkbxv! pe! 29! ebob-! qptmf! xjipwph! qv|ubxb! qbsjmf! tv! tf! j! sb{wjmf! kblb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb/! Vuws}fop! kf! eb! tv! nbujdf-! •jkf! kf! qbsfxf! cjmp! {besabop! {cph! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb-! sb{wjkbmf! kblb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb-!{bup!|up!tv!{b!up!wsfnf!pkb•bmf!gj{j•lj/!! ! 656/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!oflpmjlp!qbsfxb!nbujdf@ 656/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!oflpmjlp!qbsfxb!nbujdf@! b!nbujdf@! J{usbajwb•j! tv! pebwop! eplb{bmj! eb! tf! nbujdb! pcj•op! pqmpej! tb! oflpmjlp! usvupwb/! Oflpmjlp! qvub! qbsfxf! nbujdf! cjmp! kf! eplb{bop! fltqfsjnfoubmop! ob! ptuswv! Wvmlbop-! cmj{v! Tjdjmjkf/! Usvupwj! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! cjmj! tv! nfxboj! twblj! ebo-! lblp! cj! {b! pqmp}fxf! twblj! qvu! cjmj! j{lpsj|~foj! usvupwj! esvhf!sbtf/!Q•fmf!j{mfafof!pe!kbkb!qpmpafoji!pe!ublwf!nbujdf! ublp}f!tv!jnbmf!sb{mj•jub!npsgpmp|lb!pcfmfakb/!! ! 657/!Qp!•fnv!npaf!eb!tf!qp{ob!eb!kf!nbujdb!pqmp}fob@! 657/!Qp!•fnv!npaf!eb!tf!qp{ob!eb!kf!nbujdb!pqmp}fob@!

245


Blp! qsj! qpwsbulv! tb! csb•oph! mfub! v! wbhjoj! nbujdf! jnb! pqmpeoj! {obl! )u{w/! wbm*-! lpkj! qsfetubwrb! efp! qpmoph! pshbob! usvub-!up!{ob•j!eb!kf!nbujdb!pqmp}fob/!Pob!ufaj!eb!tf!ptmpcpej! |up! kf! nphv~f! qsf! pe! xfhb-! v! •fnv! kpk! qpnbav! q•fmf/! Pqmpeoj! {obl!kf!cfmj•btuf!cpkf!j!qsjab!tf!ob!2!nn/!pe!{bexfh!efmb!ufmb! nbujdf/! Qptmf! wsb~bxb! tb! wbmpn! nbujdb! wj|f! of! j{mf~f! ob! csb•oj!mfu/!! ! 658/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!pqmp}fopn!nbujdpn@! 658/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!pqmp}fopn!nbujdpn@! Qptmf! pqmp}fxb-! epl! kf! kp|! v! ovlmfvtv-! nbujdb! tf! pcfmfabwb! cpkpn! ob! mf}opn! tfhnfouv-! ob! hsveopn! efmv/! [b! pcfmfabwbxf! nphv! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuf! sb{mj•jub! tsfetuwb! .! –! bdfupotlf! cpkf-! lsvaj~j! pe! pqbmjub! jmj! tubojpmb! tb! cspkfwjnb! ob! xjnb/! Poj! tf! mfqf! ob! tfhnfou! tb! |fmblpn-! lpkj! kf! obkqphpeojkj!{b!up/! ! 659/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!qsbuj!qptmf!pqmp}fxb!nbujdf@! 659/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!qsbuj!qptmf!pqmp}fxb!nbujdf@! Qptmf!pqmp}fxb!nbujdf!usfcb!eb!tf!qsbuj-!of!tbnp!eb!mj! kf! pob! qp•fmb! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb-! ofhp! j! eb! mj! tf! mfhmp! sb{wjkb! opsnbmop-! eb! mj! kf! sbtqpsf}fop! ob! kfeopk! dfmpwjupk! qpws|joj-! jnb! mj! ~fmjkb! v! lpkf! ojtv! qpmpafob! kbkb! j! lblp! uf•f! {buwbsbxf! mfhmb/!Ufl!qptmf!uphb!nbujdb!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj/!! ! 65:/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!esv|uwb!sflpsefsj@ 65:/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!esv|uwb!sflpsefsj@! uwb!sflpsefsj@! Esv|uwb! sflpsefsj! tf! lbsblufsj|v! wjtplpn! qspejlujwop|~v! nfeb! .–! {ob•bkop! qsfmb{j! tsfexv! lpmj•jov! nfeb-! epcjkfoph! pe! kfeoph! esv|uwb! v! q•fmjxblv/! Pe! xji! tf! of! v{jnb!qmfnfojuj!nbufsjkbm!{b!pehbkbxf!nbujdb<!{b!up!tf!lpsjtuf! tbnp!tsfexf!kblb!esv|uwb/! ! 661/!Nphv!mj!nbujdf!pqmp}fof!v!plupcsv!eb!qp•ov!qpmbhbxf!kbkb! v!qspmf~f@! v!qspmf~f@! Nbujdf-! pqmp}fof! v! plupcsv-! pcj•op! ojtv! qvopwsfeof/! Qptmf! pqmpexf! pof! nphv!eb! qp•ov! eb! qpmbav! kbkb-! bmj! q•fmf! tf!

246


of! csjov! p! ublwpn! mfhmv! j! obk•f|~f! j{cbdvkv! kbkb! )nphv! eb! tf! pulsjkv!ob! qpeopn!qpenfub•v!v!opwfncsv!j!efdfncsv*/!V!ublwjn! tmv•bkfwjnb! oflj! q•fmbsj! qphsf|op! tnbusbkv-! eb! kf! nbujdb! ptubmb! ofpqmp}fob! ep! obtuvqbxb! {jnf-! {cph! ofepwproph! cspkb! usvupwb/!! ! 662/!Lpmjlp!nbujdb!usfcb!eb!pehbkj!q•fmbs!{b!twpkf!qpusfcf@! 662/!Lpmjlp!nbujdb!usfcb!eb!pehbkj!q•fmbs!{b!twpkf!qpusfcf@! V!tubdjpobsopn!q•fmjxblv-!lbeb!kf!q•fmbsv!ofpqipeop!eb! {bnfoj! usphpej|xf! nbujdf-! po! usfcb! eb! {bnfoj! 41&! pe! twji! nbujdb! )pe! vlvqoph! cspkb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! nbkv*/! Lpe! tfmf~fh! q•fmbsfxb! ubk! cspk! usfcb! eb! tf! j{sb•vob! v! peoptv! ob! tnfov! ewphpej|xji! nbujdb! b! up! {ob•j! tnfob! 61&! nbujdb/! Wbaop! kf! eb! tf! j{sb•vob! j! vwf~bxf! cspkb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb-! qpusfcb!{b!{bnfopn!vhjovmji!j!tqpkfob!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb!)21&*/! Of! usfcb! eb! tf! {bcpsbwj! oj! ofpqipeob! sf{fswb! nbujdb-! lpkji! usfcb!eb!cvef!31&/!V!qfsjpev!pqmp}fxb!j{hvcj!tf!njojnvn!23&! nbujdb/!Blp!tf!tvnjsb!qpusfcb!opwji!nbujdb!v!q•fmjxblv-!npaf! eb!tf!epcjkf!ofpqipebo!cspk!nbujdb!{b!pehbkbxf;!lpe!pcobwrbxb! v!esv|uwjnb!tb!usphpej|xpn!nbujdpn!!81&!)pe!cspkb!q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! nbkv*<! lpe! ewphpej|xji! :1&/! Ob! 31! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! nbkv! twblf! hpejof! qsj! tnfoj! usphpej|xji! nbujdb! usfcb!peofhpwbuj!25! opwji!nbujdb-!b!qsj!tnfoj!ewphpej|xji!.! –! 29!nbujdb/!! ! 663/!Lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!lpe!vls|ubxb!v!tspetuwv!lpe!q•fmb@! 663/!Lblwf!tv!qptmfejdf!lpe!vls|ubxb!v!tspetuwv!lpe!q•fmb@! J{usbajwbxb! ! ob! vls|ubxf! v! tspetuwv! lpe! q•fmb! tv! qplb{bmb-! eb! nbujdf-! epcjkfof! lbp! sf{vmubu! ublwph! vls|ubxb-! qpmbav!kbkb!pe!lpkji!tf!j{mfhv!mbswf-!bmj!ep!7!•btpwb!qptmf!uphb! qpmpwjob! pe! xji! vhjof/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! epcjkb! v! tb~v! u{w/! sf|fubtup!mfhmp/!Blp!tf!v{nf!tbu!tb!kbkjnb-!qpmpafojn!pe!ublwf! nbujdf! j! qptubwj! tf! v! ufsnpt! qsj! 45°T-! pe! qpmpwjof! kbkb! ~f! tf! j{mf~j! usvupwj! )v! lp|ojdj! mbswf! usvupwb! ~f! eb! cvev! voj|ufof! pe! q•fmb*/! J{! uphb! tmfej! eb! kf! vls|ubxf! v! tspetuwv! lpe! q•fmb! nophp!|ufuop/!!

247


! 664/!Lbeb!tv!lpe!nbujdf!dsof!ophf@!! 664/!Lbeb!tv!lpe!nbujdf!dsof!ophf@ Lpe! nbujdb! pehbkfoji! v! ofqpwprojn! vtmpwjnb!.!–! v! tmbcjn! q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!tb!ofepwprojn!cspkfn!nmbeji!q•fmb-!ojtv! tbnp!ophf!dsof!ofhp!j!dfmp!ufmp/!Up!kf!oflblwb!qsfmb{ob!gpsnb! j{nf}v! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! opsnbmop! sb{wjkfof! nbujdf/! Nbujdf! pehbkfof! qsj! qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! )pqujnbmob! ufnqfsbuvsb-! epwprbo! cspk! nmbeji! q•fmb! j! isbof*-! ojtv! tb! dsojn! ofhp! tb! lbgfojn! jmj! lbgfopdswfolbtujn! ophbnb/! Uscv|oj! tfhnfouj! jtup!tv!opsnbmop!sb{wjkfoj!uk/!dfp!tqprb|xj!j{hmfe!kf!sb{mj•ju! pe!j{hmfeb!nbujdf!pehbkfof!v!ofqpwprojn!vtmpwjnb/! ! 665/! Lp! kf! jojdjkbups! v•fxb! p! qbsufophfof{opn! qpsflmv! usvupwb@! usvupwb@! Jojdjkbups! v•fxb! p! qbsufophfof{opn! qpsflmv! usvupwb! kf! ]fs{po/! Po! kf! eplb{bp! eb! usvupwj! obtmf}vkv! tbnp! pcfmfakb! nbujdf-! b! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! pcfmfakb! j! nbklf! j! pdb! )nbujdf! j! usvub*/!Up!v•fxf!wbaj!j!ebobt/!! ! 666/!\ub!tf!tiwbub!qpe!qpknpn!tfmfldjpob!mjojkb@! 666/!\ub!tf!tiwbub!qpe!qpknpn!tfmfldjpob!mjojkb@! Qpe!tfmfldjpopn!mjojkpn!tf!tiwbubkv!evhpusbkoj!phmfej-!v! lpkjnb! ob! ptopwv! j{v•bwbxb! lpsjtoptuj-! obtmf}b! j! tqprb|xfh! j{hmfeb! )wjej! qjubxf! 318*! lpe! q•fmb! tf! pesf}vkf! xjipwb! qphpeoptu! {b! qmfnfojup! pehbkbxf/! Blp! tv! jtqvxfoj! twj! pesf}foj! {biufwj-! pehbkfof! joejwjevf! tf! tnbusbkv! {b! qsjqbebkv~f!pesf}fopk!tfmfldjpopk!mjojkj/! ! 667/!Lpkj!kf!ptopwoj!{biufw!{b!puwbsbxf!pqmpeof!tubojdf@! 667/!Lpkj!kf!ptopwoj!{biufw!{b!puwbsbxf!pqmpeof!tubojdf@! Pqmpeob!tubojdb!usfcb!eb!cvef!vebrfob!pe!q•fmjxblb!of! nbxf!pe!4!ln/!|up!kf!hbsbodjkb!eb!uv}j!usvupwj!of!nphv!eb!epqsv! ep!xf/!! ! 668/! Lpkjn! vtmpwjnb! vtmpwjnb! usfcb! eb! pehpwbsb! pqmpeob! tubojdb! eb! cj! tf!epcjmf!pqmp}fof!nbujdf!•jtuf!sbtf@! tf!epcjmf!pqmp}fof!nbujdf!•jtuf!sbtf@!

248


Pqmpeob! tubojdb! usfcb! eb! kf! ob! ublwpn! nftuv-! hef! kf! tjhvsop! eb! v! pcjnv! pe! 31! ln/! ofnb! esvhji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! |up! {ob•j! eb! ojlblbw! uv}! usvu! of! npaf! eb! epmfuj! v! xv-! )uk-! jtlrv•vkf!tf!pqbtoptu!pe!ofafrfoph!pqmp}fxb!nbujdf*/! ! 669/! Hef! q•fmbs! npaf! eb! tuwpsj! tpqtuwfoj!pqmpeoj!qvolu@! tpqtuwfoj!pqmpeoj!qvolu@! Q•fmbsjnb! tf! qsfqpsv•vkf! eb! tuwpsf! tpqtuwfoj! pqmpeoj! qvolu! ob! sbtupkbxv!2!ln/!pe!q•fmjxblb/!Nftup! usfcb! eb! cvef! cf{! wfusb! )obkqpwprojkf! kf! v! qsptupsv! hef! kf! qptf•fob! |vnb*! j! mfub! eb! tv! vtnfsfob!ob!kvh/!Ovlmfvtj!usfcb!eb!tf! qptubwf! v! imbe! eswfub-! ob! wjtjoj! 51! dn/! pe! {fnrf/! [b|ujuv! ob! tubojdj! pcf{cf}vkf!q•fmbs/! ! 66:/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! pcf{cfej! pqmp}fxf! nbujdf! tb! qmfnfojujn! usvupwjnb!v!q•fmjxblv@! usvupwjnb!v!q•fmjxblv@! Eb! cj! tf! nbujdb! pqmpejmb! tb! qmfnfojujn! usvupwjnb! v! q•fmjxblv-! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! v! ovlmfvtf! epeb! ep! 31! •jtupsbtoji! usvupwb/! V! uplv! ebob! ovlmfvtj! tf! ptubwrbkv! {buwpsfoj! j! puwbsbkv! tf! ufl! lbe! twj! usvupwj!qsftubkv!eb!mfuf/!Pwp!tf!sbej! usj! v{btupqob! ebob! {bup! |up! v! npnfouv! puwbsbxb! j{! ovlmfvtb! j{mf~v! tbnp! usvupwj! •jtuf! sbtf-! qb! npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!eb!~f!nbujdb!eb!tf! qbsj!tb!xjnb/! Tm/!75! !

249


671/!Lblp!tf!pcbwrb!qbsfxf!nbujdf!j!usvub@! 671/!Lblp!tf!pcbwrb!qbsfxf!nbujdf!j!usvub@! Pqmpexb! nbujdf! pe! usvub! ob{jwb! tf! lpqvmbdjkb/! Usvu! qsbuj! nbujdv! ob! wjtjoj! plp! 36! n/! j! lbeb! kf! tujhof-! pcviwbub! tb! qsfexjn!qbspn!ophv!{bexf!ophf!nbujdf-!qsfplsf~f!tf!-!qsj!•fnv! kpk! pcviwbub! j! esvhf! ophf! j! qptmf! uphb! v! lsvaopn! mfuv! qspuj•f! tbnb!lpqvmbdjkb!)tm/!75*! ! 672/!Lblp!kf!eplb{bop!eb!tf!nbujdb!qbsj!tb!oflpmjlp!usvupwb@! 672/!Lblp!kf!eplb{bop!eb!tf!nbujdb!qbsj!tb!oflpmjlp!usvupwb@! Twfutlj!tqfdjkbmjtub!{b!q•fmbstuwp!Uskbtlpwb!kf!eplb{bmb! eb! qpmoj! pshboj! usvub! j{mv•f! plp! 1-545! nh/! tqfsnf/! Qptmf! pqmpexf!v!kbkpwpejnb!lpe!nbujdf!jnbmp!kf!3-26!nh/!tqfsnf-!b!ub! lpmj•job! npaf! eb! cvef! j{mv•fob! pe! 5! .–! 6! usvupwb/! Ptjn! uphb! vuws}fop!kf!eb!lpe!kfeoph!csb•oph!mfub!nbujdb!npaf!eb!tf!tqbsj! oflpmjlp! qvub/! Lpe! nbujdf-! qptmf! wsb~bxb! vuws}fob! tv! ewb! pqmpeob! {oblb! )wbmb*/Obkub•ojkj! qplb{bufr! {b! qbsfxf! nbujdf! oflpmjlp! qvub! kf! wfmjlb! lpmj•job! tqfsnf! v! xfojn! kbkpwpejnb-! lpkb!of!npaf!eb!cvef!j{mv•fob!tbnp!pe!kfeoph!usvub/! ! 673/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!njlspptfnfojufr!j!lp!hb!kf!tuwpsjp@ 673/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!njlspptfnfojufr!j!lp!hb!kf!tuwpsjp@! bwrb!njlspptfnfojufr!j!lp!hb!kf!tuwpsjp@! Njlspptfnfojufr! kf! bqbsbu! {b! wf|ub•lp! ptfnfxbwbxf! nbujdb/!Qswj!njlspptfnfojufrj!)obkqsptujkf!hsb}f*!tuwpsfoj!tv! 2:31/! hpe/! Qptufqfop! vtbws|bwbxf! jn! kf! cjmp! qpwf{bop! tb! ofpqipeop|~v!qpcpr|bxb!nfibojlf!ptfnfxbwbxb!nbujdb-!lpkf! kf!{obuop!cjmp!pmbl|bop!tb!vwp}fxfn!qsjodjqb!tb!gjltjsbkv~jn! lvljdbnb! 2:41/! hpe/! Nophp! vtqf|ob! lpotusvldjkb! kf! cjmb! qsfempafob!pe!bnfsj•lji!obv•ojlb!Nflfo{fob!j!Spcfsutb!2:59/! hpe/!! ! 674/!Pe!lpmjlp!usvupwb!usfcb!eb!tf!tblvqj!tqfsnb!{b!wf|ub•lp! ptfnfxbwbxf!kfeof!nbujdf@ ptfnfxbwbxf!kfeof!nbujdf@! nfxbwbxf!kfeof!nbujdf@! [b! wf|ub•lp! ptfnfxbwbxf! kf! ofpqipeop! 9! nn/! lvcoji! tqfsnf/!Qp|up!kfebo!usvu!j{mv•j!plp!2!nn/!lvcoj!tqfsnf-!v!pwpn! tmv•bkv!usfcb!eb!tf!v{nf!tqfsnb!pe!9!.–!23!usvupwb/! !

250


675/! Lblp! tf! v{jnb! tqfsnb! pe! usvupwb! {b! wf|ub•lp! ptfnfxbwbxf!nbujdb@ ptfnfxbwbxf!nbujdb@! Usvupwj! qptubkv! qpmop! {sfmj! eftfuj! ebo! qptmf! j{mfhbxb/! Qsj!vnfsfopn!qsjujtlbxv!uscv|•j~b!nf}v!qstujnb!usvu!j{cbdj! twpk! qpmoj! pshbo/! Qptnbusbo! qpe! cjoplvmbsojn! njlsptlpqpn-! tfnfojl! nv! tf! wjej! lbp! lbgfolbtub! mpqujdb! wfmj•jof! hmbwjdf! •jpef/! V! xpk! tf! cb|! obmb{j! tqfsnb/! Pob! tf! j{mv•vkf! qpe! njlsptlpq! qpnp~v! qsp{sb•of-! |vqrf! jtjtbwbkv~f! jhmf! tb! qsp|jsfopn! |vqrjopn! {bqsfnjof! 9! nn/! lvcoji/! Tblvqrfob! tqfsnb! penbi! tf! vwpej! v! pshbof! {b! sb{nopabwbxf! qsfuipeop! pqjkfof!nbujdf/!! ! 676/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!obhpnjmbwbxv!){cpsj|uv*!usvupwb@ 676/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!obhpnjmbwbxv!){cpsj|uv*!usvupwb@! |uv*!usvupwb@! Usvupwj! tf! tblvqrbkv! )obhpnjmbwbkv*! ob! nftujnb! tb! qpwpropn!lmjnpn-!vebrfojn!)qp!qpebdjnb!oflji!jtusbajwb•b*! ob! plp! 5-9! ln/! pe! q•fmjxblb/! Obhpnjmbwbxf! usvupwb! cjwb! ob! kfeopn! jtupn! nftuv! v! usbkbxv! oflpmjlp! hpejob-! nb! eb! opwj! usvupwj! of! epcjkbkv! ojlblwv! jogpsnbdjkv! p! upnf/! Mfuf~j! ob! up! nftup-! nmbej! usvupwj-! tubsptuj! j{obe! 6! ebob-! tb{sfwbkv! qpmop/! Cb|! uv! tf! ws|j! pqmp}fxf! nbujdb/! Ep! tbeb! ojkf! vuws}fop! lblp! nbujdf! j! usvupwj! vtqfwbkv! eb! qspob}v! ub•op! up! nftup/! Of! v•ftuwvkv~j! sbojkf! ob! obqv|ufojn! {cpsj|ujnb-! usvupwj! tv! cjmj! qsjwv•foj! ob! wf|ub•lj! ob•jo-! qpnp~v! ubnqpob! obupqrfoph! nbuj•opn! nbufsjkpn! j! qpejhovuph! ob! pehpwbsbkv~v! wjtjov/! Qptupkbxf! usvupwtlji! {cpsj|ub! v! Tmpwb•lpk! tv! eplb{bmj! \lspcbm! j! Wftfmj! )2:79*! v! qpeqmbojotlpk! pcmbtuj! ob! Esbibotljn! v{wj|fxjnb! v! sfpov! sb{nfsf! 311! i! 711! n/! phsboj•fopn!tb!twji!tusbob!•fujobstlpn!|vnpn!j!vebrfopn!pe! q•fmjxblb! 511! n/! V! upn! sfpov! cjmj!tv! qspwfefoj! sb{oj! phmfej! tb! nbujdpn! qptubwrfopn! v! lbwf{! lpkj! kf! qpnp~v! cbmpob! cjp! qpejhovu!ob!sb{of!wjtjof/!Cjmp!kf!vuws}fop!eb!usvupwj!qplb{vkv! wfmjlj! joufsft! qsfnb! nbujdbnb! lpkf! tv! ob! wjtjoj! pe! 25! .–! 33! n/! Qpkfejoj! usvupwj! tv! qsbujmj! nbujdf! j! ep! 66! n/! Blp! tf! nbujdb! obmb{jmb! ob! wjtjobnb! nbxjn! pe! 21! n/! usvupwj! ojtv! pcsb~bmj!

251


qbaxv! ob! xv/! V! npnfouv! obkwf~fh! obhpnjmbwbxb! cspk! usvupwb-! lpkj! tv! qsbujmj! nbujdv-! eptujaf! 411! .–! 611! joejwjevb/! Usvupwj! vwfl!qsbuf!nbujdv!pep{ep!j!pe!qp{bej!v{!kblp!{vkbxf-!lpkf!npaf! eb!tf!sfhjtusvkf!ptfurjwjn!vsf}bkjnb!j!ob!ubk!ob•jo!tf!pulsjwb! obhpnjmbwbxf!usvupwb/!!! ! 677/!Eb!mj!kf!pqsbwebop!eb!tf!voptf!uv}f!sbtf!q•fmb@ 677/!Eb!mj!kf!pqsbwebop!eb!tf!voptf!uv}f!sbtf!q•fmb@! btf!q•fmb@! Vls|ubxf-! lmjnb! j! plpmob! tsfejob! nphv! eb! qplbav! kbl! vujdbk! ob! pesf}jwbxf! obtmfeoji! ptpcjob! q•fmb-! nfxbkv~j! ji! v! tvqspuopn!tnfsv!lpe!tmfef~ji!qplpmfxb/!V!Csb{jm-!oqs/!cjmf!tv! voftfof! j{! Bgsjlf! q•fmf! wstuf! ! Bqjt! nfmmjgjdb! ! Bebntpoj/! Nbujdf! epnb~f! csb{jmtlf! q•fmf! tv! tf! pqmpejmf! tb! usvupwjnb! bgsjlbotlf! sbtf/! Sf{vmubu! uphb-! qkbwjmf! tv! tf! u{w/! bgsjlboj{jsbof! q•fmf! lpkf! tv! bhsftjwof/! Ebobt! tv! uf! q•fmf! sbtqsptusbxfof! qp! dfmpk! Kvaopk! Bgsjdj-! Bshfoujoj-! Nfltjlv! j! eptujhmf! ep! hsbojdb! TBE-! nb! eb! qplv|bwbkv! obv•ojdj! eb! {bvtubwf! ebrf! qsptujsbxf/Kfejoj! j{mb{! kf! eb! tf! pof! voj|uf! j! eb! {bqp•of! opwp! vls|ubxf/! J{! sf•foph! tmfej! eb! kf! vop|fxf! uv~ji!sbtb!q•fmb!nophp!sj{j•op/!! ! 678/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!nf}vlpoujofoubmop!vls|ubxf!q•fmb@! 678/!Eb!mj!kf!nphv~f!nf}vlpoujofoubmop!vls|ubxf!q•fmb@! V! qsjodjqv! kf! qp{obup-! eb! tf! qsj! vls|ubxv! sb{mj•juji! wstub! j! sbtb! qpwf~bwb! ajwpuoptu! )u{w/! ijcsjeob! tobhb*/! Qsj! upnf! lpe! q•fmb! npaf! eb! tf! qpwf~b! qspevlujwoptu! nfeb-! b! jtup! eb! tf! qptujhof! njsop~b! jmj! pcsbuop! bhsftjwoptu-! v! {bwjtoptuj! pe! ptpcjob! spejufrtlph! qbsb/! Vls|ubxfn! npaf! eb! tf! qpwf~b! puqpsoptu! q•fmb! qsfnb! sb{ojn! cpmftujnb! j! ojtljn! ufnqfsbuvsbnb/! Qpoflbe! kf! nphv~f! eb! tf! epcjkv! j! q•fmf! )tb! evajn! tvsmjdbnb*! lpkf! nphv! eb! jtlpsjtuf! qb|v! •bl! j! pe! efufmjof/! [cph! pqbtoptuj! {b! vop|fxf! jogfldjkf! ebobt! tf! of! qsblujlvkf! qpqsbwrbxf! lwbmjufub! nfepoptof! q•fmf! lsp{! vopt! nbujdb/! Nf}vlpoujofoubmop! vls|ubxf! lpe! q•fmb! ptuwbsvkf! tf! tbnp!lsp{!wf|ub•lp!ptfnfxbwbxf!nbujdb/!! !

252


679/! Nphv! mj! kbkb! jmj! mbswf! q•fmb! eb! tf! qsfwp{f! ob! wf~b! sbtupkbxb@!! sbtupkbxb@ Kbkb! jmj! mbswf! q•fmb! nphv! eb! tf! qsfwp{f! ob! wfmjlb! sbtupkbxb-! blp! tf! qsj! usbotqpsuv! pesabwb! pehpwbsbkv~b! ufnqfsbuvsb/!V!Fohmftlpk-!oqs/!vtqf|op!kf!cjp!qsfofu!qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! 6! –.! 43! °T! nb! eb! tf! qsfwpafxf! qspevajmp! 7-6! ebob/! Jnb! tmv•bkfwb! lbeb! tv! vtqf|op! cjmf! usbotqpsupwbof! kfeopeofwof! mbswf/! Phmfe! kf! qplb{bp-! eb! kbkb! q•fmb! nphv! eb! tf! qsfwp{f! j! ob! wfmjljn! sbtupkbxjnb-! bmj! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! 21! –.! 36! °T/! Qsj! upnf! obkevaf! tv! tf! tb•vwbmb! kbkb! qpmpafob! qsf! wj|f! pe! 35! •btb/! Kbkb! {b! usvupwf! nphv! eb! tf! sb{wjkbkv!opsnbmop!•bl!blp!tv!cjmb!j{wbo!lp|ojdf!v!usbkbxv!pe! 6!ebob/! ! !

WJJ!!Q•fmbstlb!!pqsfnb Q•fmbstlb!!pqsfnb! Q•fmbstlb!!pqsfnb! !

Nbufsjkbm!{b!hsbexv-!mfqjmb!j!cpkf! Nbufsjkbm!{b!hsbexv-!mfqjmb!j!cpkf! ! 67:/!\ub!kf!qfopqpmjtujspm@! 67:/!\ub!kf!qfopqpmjtujspm@ Qfopqpmjtujspm! )tujspqps*! kf! pemj•bo! ufsnpj{pmbdjpoj! nbufsjkbm! tofaop! cfmf! cpkf/! J{sb}vkf! tf! v! pcmjlv! mjtupwb! sb{mj•juf! efcrjof! j! wfmj•jof/! V! mblpn! pcmjlv! )qfob*! 2! n/! lvcoj! qpmjtujspmb! ! ufaj! 29! ep! 36! lh/! V! q•fmbstuwv! tf! lpsjtuj! lbp! ufsnpj{pmbdjpoj! nbufsjkbm! {b! {jepwf! lp|ojdb-! qsfwp{oji! tsfetubwb! jes/! Qpmjtujspmpw! mjtu! efcrjof! 2! dn/! j{pmvkf! lbp! {je! pe! djhmf! efcrjof! 33! dn/! Pwbk! nbufsjkbm! nf}vujn! of! qspqv|ub!wb{evi!j!{bup!ojkf! qphpebo!{b!upqmpuov! j{pmbdjkv!obe! sbnpwjnb/! V! lpncjobdjkj! tb! lbv•vlpn! j{sb}vkf! tf! qptfcop! j{esarjw!qpmjtujspm-!lpkj!q•fmf!of!nphv!eb!qsphsj{v/!! ! 681/!Eb!mj!tv!qphpeoj!tjoufuj•lj!qfobtuj!nbufsjkbmj!{b!j{sbev! lp|ojdb@! lp|ojdb@

253


Mjtupwj! tjoufuj•lji! qfobtuji! nbufsjkbmb! pcf{cf}vkv! 7! qvub! cprv! upqmpuov! j{pmbdjkv! pe! tvwph! eswfub<! ptjn! uphb! of! qspqv|ubkv! wmbhv! j! pcsb}vkv! tf! mblp/! Poj! cj! cjmj! jefbmbo! nbufsjkbm!{b!j{sbev!lp|ojdb-!blp!ji!q•fmf!of!cj!qsphsj{bmf-! b! qujdf! j! nj|fwj! of! cj! p|uf~jwbmj/! Lpsj|~fxf! bmvnjojkvntlf! gpmjkf-! ufs! qbqjsb-! mbl! qsfnb{b-! eswfopwmblobtuji! )jwfsjdb*! qmp•b! {b! {b|ujuof! tmpkfwf! tb! vovusb|xf! tusbof! lp|ojdf! of! qsfqpsv•vkv! tf/! Qphpebo! nbufsjkbm! {b! vovusb|xb! pcmbhbxb! tv! jwfsbtuf! qmp•f! efcrjof! 6! nn/! •jkb! kf! qpws|job! hmbulb! j! qplsjwfob!tmpkfn!tjoufuj•lf!tnpmf/!V!Tmpwb•lpk!{b!uv!twsiv!tf! lpsjtuj!wpeppuqpsob!•bnpwb!|qfs!qmp•b!efcrjof!6!nn/!! ! 682/! V! lpn! qsbwdv! tf! sb{wjkb! qspj{wpexb! opwji! pcmbhbkv~ji! nbufsjkbmb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! nbufsjkbmb!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! Lmbtj•ob! bncbmbab! {b! •vwbxf! nfeb! ebobt! tf! twf! wj|f! {bnfxvkf! qmbtuj•opn/! Ublp! oqs/! pe! qpmjfujmfob! efcrjof! 1-2! nn/! j{sb}vkv! tf! yblpwj-! v! lpkjnb! nfe! qptmf! ifsnfuj•lph! {buwbsbxb! lsjtubmj|f! tqpsp/! Qptmf! lsjtubmj{bdjkf! ybl! tf! sb{sfaf! j! nfe! tf! tf•f! ob! nbmf! qbs•j~f-! lpkj! tf! mblp! sbtupqrbwrkv! qpe! efktuwpn! upqmpuf/! Pe! qpmjfujmfob! tf! j{sb}vkf! bncbmbab! sb{mj•juf! wfmj•jof-! tb! qpmjfujmfopwpn! gpmjkpn! tf! pnpubwb! tb~f! {b! •vwbxf! pe! wptlpwph! nprdb-! qplsjwbkv!tf!lp|ojdf!jue/! ! 683/! Hef! kf! qswj! qvu! cjmp! qsfempafop! j! lblwb! tv! qsfjnv~tuwb! qmbtuj•oph!tb~b@! qmbtuj•oph!tb~b@! Tb~f! pe! qmbtuj•of! nbtf! kf! sb{sb}fop! v! Vojwfs{jufuv! hsbeb! Wjtlpotjob! )TBE*-! qptmf! •fhb! kf! sbtqsptusbxfop! j! v! esvhjn! {fnrbnb/! Qsfjnv~tuwp! nv! tf! tbtupkj! v! upnf! eb! q•fmf! |ufef! wsfnf! {b! j{hsbexv! tb~b! j! jnbkv! nphv~optuj! eb! vtnfsf! obqps!ob!tblvqrbxf!oflubsb!j!qpmfob/!Tb~f!pe!qmbtuj•of!nbtf! kf!cf{!njsjtb!j!mblp!tf!ef{jogjlvkf/!V!xfnv!q•fmf!sbep!pehbkbkv! mfhmp-!j!obqvxfop!tb~f!{buwbsbkv!wptlpn/! !

254


684/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! ufsnpqmbtuj•oji! j! ufsnpsfblujwoji!tnpmb@! ufsnpsfblujwoji!tnpmb@! Ptopwob! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! ufsnpqmbtuj•oji! j! ufsnpsfblujwoji! tnpmb! ! kf! v! upnf! eb! qpe! efktuwpn! upqmpuf! ufsnpqmbtuj•of! tnpmf! tf! sb{nfl|bkv-! cf{! eb! jn! tf! qspnfoj! ifnjktlj! tbtubw-! epl! ufsnpsfblujwof! tnpmf! tf! tuwsexbwbkv! j! qptubkv!ofsbtuwpsjwf!)tbnp!qsj!wjtplpk!ufnqfsbuvsj!tf!pnfl|bkv! bmj! tf! of! upqf*/! Lbp! ufsnpqmbtuj•of! tnpmf! tf! peoptf! qpmjfujmfo-! qpmjqspqjmfo-! opwpevs-! wjojevs-! opwpqmbtu-! blsjmfo-! qfopqpmjtujspm-! tjmpo! j! sb{ob! mfqjmb! j! cpkf/! V! ufsnpsfblujwof! tnpmf! tqbeb! cblfmju-! vnblbsu-! gbpmju-! qbsbgjo-!npgpufsn-!fqpltjeob!mfqjmb-!fnvm{jkf-!cpkf-!mblpwj!j! es/!Lbp!qmbtuj•oj!nbufsjkbmj!pe!qsjspeoji!tjspwjob!nphv!eb!tf! qpnfov!lbmbgpo-!lpqbmpwb!tnpmb-!vnbdpm!j!es/!! ! 685/! [b! |ub! npaf! eb! tf! vqpusfcj! ulbojob! bnfsjlbo! v! q•fmbstuwv@! q•fmbstuwv@! Bnfsjlbopn! qplsjwfojn! mbuflt! cpkpn-! jmj! tb! cpkpn! sb{sf}fopn! mbofojn! vrfn! pcmfqrvkf! tf! tujspqps-! eb! hb! of! cj! qsphsj{bmf!q•fmf/!V!uv!ulbojov!npaf!eb!tf!{b|jkf!wbub-!lpkb!tf! lpsjtuj! {b! vupqrbwbxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! tqsf•bwb! qbebxf! emb•jdb! pe! wbuf! v! lp|ojdv! b! efmjnj•op! j! v! nfe/! ! 686/!\ub!kf!bmvgpbn@! 686/!\ub!kf!bmvgpbn@! Bmvgpbn!kf!|vqrjlbw!bmvnjojkvn-!sb{sb}fo!v!TBE/!Epcjkb! tf! epebwbxfn! v! uf•bo! bmvnjojkvn! qfobtuji! nbufsjkbmb-! qsj! •fnv! tf! v! xfnv! pcsb{vkv! qpsf/! Qptmf! imb}fxb! bmvnjojkvnb! wpepn! tqsf•bwb! tf! qpopwop! tbwjkbxf/! Tqfdjgj•ob! ufajob! bmvgpbnb!kf!1-2:!.–! 1-75!b!uwsep~b!ob!sbtuf{bxf!kf!2021!–.!206!wf~b! pe!pcj•oph!bmvnjojkvnb/!Bmvgpbn!of!hpsj-!qmjwb!ob!wpej!j!npaf! eb!tf!wbrb!j!qsftvkf!j!jnb!nbmv!upqmpqspwperjwptu/!Qphpebo!kf! {b!j{sbev!mjwfoji!lp|ojdb/!!! !

255


687/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!mjwfob!lp|ojdb@! 687/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!mjwfob!lp|ojdb@! Mjwfob!lp|ojdb!tf!j{sb}vkf!pe!dfmvmp{f!jmj!bmvgpbnb!qp! nfupej! pemjwbxb! v! qsfuipeop! qsjqsfnrfopn! lbmvqv/! Qswv! mjwfov! lp|ojdv! pe! dfmvmp{f! kf! qspj{wfp! Cpivo! v! hsbev! Cfmj! Qpupl<! pob! kf! mblb! tvwb! j! upqmb/! Mjwfof! lp|ojdf! nf}vujn! ojtv! tf! sbtqsptusbojmf! {cph! ofepwprof! uwsep~f! j! tmbcf! j{esarjwptuj!ob!qsphsj{bxf!{jepwb!pe!tusbof!q•fmb/! ! 688/!\ub!kf!lbv•vlpbtgbmu!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@ 688/!\ub!kf!lbv•vlpbtgbmu!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! wv@! Lbv•vlpbtgbmu! kf! btgbmuob! tvtqfo{jkb! tb! epebulpn! tjoufuj•lph! lbv•vlb/! Lpsjtuj! tf! {b! obop|fxf! ob! qplsjwb•/! Dsof! kf! cpkf! j! sbtuwbsb! tf! v! wpej-! b! qp! tv|fxv! pcsb{vkf! epcsv! j{pmbdjkv! pe! wmbhf/! Tb! lbv•vlpbtgbmupn! npaf! eb! tf! j{pmvkf! lspw! lp|ojdf-! wp{jmb-! qsjlpmjdf! j! eswfof! lpotusvldjkf<! lpsjtuj! tf! jtup! j! {b! sfnpou! tubsji! lbsupotlji! qplsjwlj! )ufs! qbqjs*/! Blp! tf! qpnf|b! tb! nmfwfojn! lfsbnj•ljn! nbufsjkbmpn-! lsfeojn! csb|opn-! qftlpn-! dfnfoupn! jes/! epcjkb! tf! pemj•ob! qpeob! qsftwmblb-! lpkb! usfcb! eb! tf! qpsbwob! penbi! qptmf! obop|fxb/!Qsfnb{!lbv•vlpbtgbmupn!tqsf•bwb!lpsp{jkv!)s}bxf*/! Qptmf!{bws|fulb!sbeb!•fulf!usfcb!qbarjwp!pqsbuj!wpepn-!{bup! |up!tf!qptmf!uphb!ptv|f!j!qptubkv!ofvqpusfcrjwf/!! ! 689/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!fpoju@! 689/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!fpoju@! Fpoju! kf! btgbmuob! fnvm{jkb! dsof! cpkf-! lpkb! tf! sb{sf}vkf! wpepn! tbnp! epl! tf! of! ptv|j-! b! qptmf! uphb! of! npaf! ojuj! eb! tf! sbtuwpsj-!ojuj!eb!tf!petusboj!wpepn/!Sb{sf}fo!fpoju!tf!oboptj! ob! lspwpwf! lp|ojdb-! lpkj! tv! qplsjwfoj! ibsujkpn-! mjnpn! j! es/! Npaf!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!j!{b!qpqvxbwbxf!qvlpujob!ob!lp|ojdbnb/!! ! 68:/!Lblwf!cpkf!tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!{b!cpkfxf!lp|ojdb@ 68:/!Lblwf!cpkf!tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!{b!cpkfxf!lp|ojdb@! !tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!{b!cpkfxf!lp|ojdb@! [b! cpkfxf! qsfexfh! {jeb! lp|ojdf! qsfqpsv•vkv! tf! tmfef~f! cpkf;! avub-! cfmb-! qmbwb-! qmbwp.{fmfob! j! rvcj•btub/! Vnftup! djolpwp!cfmph!cpkfxb!qsfqpsv•vkf!tf!pmpwop!cfmp!b!jtup!j!sb{of! twfumf!ojkbotf!lpkf!q•fmf!qsjnbkv!lbp!tjwf/!J{cps!cpkb!j!ojkbotj!

256


{bwjtj!pe!vlvtb!q•fmbsb!j!qplb{bufr!kf!xfhpwf!qspgftjpobmof! {sfmptuj/! Vnftup! vrboji! j! tjoufuj•lji! cpkb! epcsp! kf! eb! tf! lpsjtuf!mbufltof!j!gfopmof/!! ! 691/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuf!mbufltof!cpkf@! 691/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuf!mbufltof!cpkf@! Mbufltof! cpkf! )mbuflt*! ! jnbkv! up! qsfjnv~tuwp! eb! qspqv|ubkv! wpefov! qbsv-! |up! kf! pe! wbaoph! {ob•bkb! {b! lp|ojdf/! Mbuflt! kf! qptupkbo! qsfnb! njofsbmojn! vrjnb! j! cfo{jov-! bmj! tf! stuwbsb! bdfupopn/! Mbufltob! cpkb! kf! cfmb! j! qspj{wpej! tf! v! ewb! wjeb! –.! {b! tqprb|xb! j! vovusb|xb! qplsj~b/! Blp! usfcb! eb! tf! epcjkf!esvhb!cpkb-!v!ptopwov!cpkv!tf!epebkf!pehpwbsbkv~b!pcpkfob! qbtub/!Mbufltof!cpkf!tf!sb{sf}vkv!wpepn!b!qptmf!tv|fxb!pob!ob! xji!ofnb!efktuwp/!Ob!nfubmf!lpkj!usfcb!eb!tf!qplsjkv!mbufltpn-! obkqsf! tf! oboptj! vrboj! tmpk! {b! {b|ujuv! pe! lpsp{jkf/! Mbufltof! cpkf!tf!oboptf!•fulpn!jmj!tqfdjkbmojn!wbrlpn!)nf•f*/!!! ! 692/! Lblp! usfcb! eb! tf! sbej! tb! lbscpmopn! ljtfmjopn! qsj! petusbxjwbxv!q•fmb!j{!nfej|ub!ob!lp|ojdj@! petusbxjwbxv!q•fmb!j{!nfej|ub!ob!lp|ojdj@! V!tlmbev!tb!sb{nfsbnb!hpsxf!qpws|jof!lp|ojdf!j{sb}vkf! tf! eswfoj! sbn! lpkj! tf! dfp! qplsjwb! wp|ubojn! qmbuopn/! Qpe! qmbuop! tf! qptubwrb! oflpmjlp! tmpkfwb! qbnv•of! ulbojof/! Qsf! lpsj|~fxb! tf! qbarjwp! obupqj! lpodfouspwbojn! sbtuwpspn! lbscpmof!ljtfmjof!)71!–.!91!&*/![bup!|up!lbscpmoj!sbtuwps!npaf! eb!j{b{pwf!pqflpujof-!sbn!usfcb!iwbubuj!tbnp!{b!eswfof!efmpwf! ob! lpkjnb! ofnb! ljtfmjof/! Sbn! tf! plsf~f! tb! qbnv•opn! ulbojopn! ob! epmf! j! qptubwrb! tf! ob! puwpsfop! nfej|uf! ublp! eb! ulbojob! oblwb|fob!ljtfmjopn!of!epqjsf!ep!mfuwjdb!sbnpwb/!Qptmf!3!.–! 4! njovub! q•fmf! jtqv{f! j{! nfej|ub/! Lpsj|~fxf! lbscpmof! ljtfmjof! tf! nf}vujn! of! qsfqpsv•vkf-! {bup! |up! tf! xfo! njsjt! {besabwb!v!lp|ojdj!evaf!wsfnf/!! ! 693/! _jnf! npaf! eb! tf! {bnfoj! hmjdfsjo! lpkj! tf! lpsjtuj! lpe! j{sbef!tbuoji!ptopwb@! j{sbef!tbuoji!ptopwb@!

257


Lbeb! ofnb! hmjdfsjopwph! tbqvob-! lpkj! tf! lpsjtuj! lbp! pemfqrvkv~f!tsfetuwp!qsj!j{sbej!tbuoji!ptopwb-!po!npaf!eb!tf! {bnfoj!tb!tbtubwpn!epcjkfojn!ob!tmfef~j!ob•jo;! v!361!hs/!nflf! wpef!sbtuwpsj!tf!211!hs/!wptlb!-!qptmf!uphb!tf!qbarjwp!epeb!22! hs/!lbmjkfwf!ptopwf!j!tnf|b!tf!lvwb!plp!qpmb!tbub!j!ob!lsbkv!tf! epmjwb! 2! m/! lj|ojdf! jmj! eftujmpwbof! wpef/! Qptmf! imb}fxb! ofsbtuwpsfof! nbufsjkf! pcsb{vkv! ob! qpws|joj! hvtuv! nbtv-! lpkb! usfcb! eb! tf! petusboj/! Ptububl! uf•optuj-! lpkj! jnb! nmf•op! cfmv! cpkv-! qspdfej! tf! lsp{! tjup/! Qptmf! epebwbxb! |qjsjuvtb! pemfqrvkv~b! nbufsjkb! kf! hpupwb! j! qp! lwbmjufuv! kf! kfeoblb! hmjdfsjov/!!! ! !

Q•fmbstlj!!jotusvnfouj! Q•fmbstlj!!jotusvnfouj! ! 694/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nplsp!qbs•f!ulbojof!v!q•fmbstuwv@ 694/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!nplsp!qbs•f!ulbojof!v!q•fmbstuwv@! !v!q•fmbstuwv@ Vlwb|fob! j! jtdf}fob! qbnv•ob! jmj! esvhb! pehpwbsbkv~b! ulbojob-! lpsjtuj! tf! {b! qplsjwbxf! qmpej|ub! jmj! obtubwlb! lpe! sbeb!v!lp|ojdj/!Ublp!tf!q•fmf!of~f!sbtqv{bwbuj-!ptubkv!njsof-!b! uv}f!q•fmf!j{wjeojdf!of!nphv!eb!eptqfkv!v!lp|ojdv/!! ! 695/!\ub!kf!q•fmbstlj!opa!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@ 695/!\ub!kf!q•fmbstlj!opa!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! fmbstlj!opa!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! Q•fmbstlj!opa!kf!nbmj!•fmj•oj!jotusvnfou!tb!ewb!lsbkb!v! pcmjlv! emfub/! Ob! 26! nn/! pe! kfeoph! lsbkb! tbwjkfo! kf! qpe! qsbwjn! vhmpn/! Ob! 204! evajof! opab! pe! qpwjkfoph! lsbkb! jnb! puwps! qsf•ojlb! 7! nn/! lpkj! tmvaj! {b! lb•fxf! opab/! Opa! tf! lpsjtuj! {b! pemfqrjwbxf! sbnpwb! j! qplmpqof! ebtlf-! {b! pewbkbxf! nfej|ub! pe!qmpej|ub-!{b!tusvhbxf!qspqpmjtb!j!wptlb-!{b!tljebxf!tublmb! tb!nbojqvmbdjpoph!qsp{ps•fub/!! ! 696/!\ub!kf!ebtlb!Ubsbopwb@! 696/!\ub!kf!ebtlb!Ubsbopwb@! Ebtlb! Ubsbopwb! ! tf! lpsjtuj! lbeb! tf! lpe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!qpkbwj!spkfwj!obhpo/!Up!kf!ebtlb!qptubwrfob!qpe!vhmpn! pe!56°-!ob!sbtupkbxv!pe!plp!21!dn/!pe!qpmfubrlf/!Twf!q•fmf!tf!

258


jtusftv! jtqsfe! ebtlf/! Pof! lpkf! jnbkv! spkfwj! obhpo! {besab~f! tf! jtqpe! ebtlf! ob! lptpk! sbwoj! b! ptubmf! ~f! tf! wsbujuj! v! lp|ojdv! )Tm/!76*/! ! Pwef!jtusftuj! 697/! Lblwf! qpenfub•f! qpenfub•f! q•fmf lpsjtuj!q•fmbs!v!lp|ojdj@! lpsjtuj!q•fmbs!v!lp|ojdj@! Q•fmbs! lpsjtuj! v! lp|ojdj! usj! ujqb! qpenf. ub•b;! ! b*! qpeoj! qpenfub•! qptubwrb! tf! ob! eop-! c*! Tm/!76! nbmj!qpenfub•!{b!mfqrfxf! usblb!tbuof!ptopwf!ob!sbnv!hsb}fwxblv-!w*!qpenfub•!jtqpe!sbnb! {b! mfqrfxf! tbuof! ptopwf/! Qptmf! vwp}fxb! qmbtuj•of! ptopwf! vnftup!wp|ubof-!!qpenfub•!qpe!sbn!ojkf!ofpqipebo/!! ! 698/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tub{jdb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 698/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tub{jdb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Tub{jdb! kf! obqsbwb! lsp{! lpkv! q•fmf! nphv! eb! vmb{f! v! lp|ojdv! lsp{! mfup! ! jmj! lsp{! puwps-! qptubwrfo! ob! {bexpk! tusboj/! Lpsjtuj! tf! lpe! obtfrbwbxb! spkfwb! jmj! wf|ub•lji! spkfwb/! Lbp! tub{b! npaf! eb! qptmvaj! qbs•f! ebtlf! jmj! lbsupob/! Tub{jdb!{b!tuboebseoj!ujq! lp|ojdf!kf!tmpafob!j!jnb!vsf}bk!{b! qptubwrbxf!ob! sbnpwf/!Pob!tf!lpsjtuj!tb!sb{ojn!djrfn!b!qsj! sbev!tb!tuboebseojn!ujqpn!lp|ojdf!kf!of{bnfxjwb/!!! ! 699/!Lblbw!mfwbl!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs@ 699/!Lblbw!mfwbl!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs@! l!lpsjtuj!q•fmbs@! V! q•fmbstuwv! tf! lpsjtuj! wfmjlj! mjnfoj! mfwbl! tb! djmjoesj•ojn!puwpspn-!•jkj!kf!qsf•ojl!plp!9!dn/! Hpsxj!lsbk!nv! kf! plsvhmph! pcmjlb! qsf•ojlb! plp! 66! dn/! j! bsnjsbo! kf! ajdpn/! Vlvqob! wjtjob! mfwlb! kf! plp! 56! dn/! b! djmjoesj•ob! nboafuob! of! wf~b! pe! 21! dn/! tmvaj! {b! tjqbxf! q•fmb! v! spkfwlv! qsj! tuwbsbxv! wf|ub•lph! spkb-! {b! qvxfxf! pqmpexblb! jue/! Tvafoj! efp! tf! qptubwrb! v! puwps! qplmpqdb! spkfwlf/! Mfwbl! nbxji! ejnfo{jkb! j! sb{oji! gpsnj! lpsjtuj! tf! {b! qvxfxf! ovlmfvtb-! wf|ub•lph! spkb! q•fmbnb!jue/!!

259


! 69:/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuf!quj•jkb!qfsb!v!q•fmbstuwv@ jtuf!quj•jkb!qfsb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 69:/![b!|ub!tf!lps jtuf!quj•jkb!qfsb!v!q•fmbstuwv@! T! qfspn! pe! lsjmb! hvtlf! jmj! ~vslf! tlvqrbkv! )csj|v*! tf! q•fmf!tb!tb~b/![b!pwp!tf!of!lpsjtuj!dfmp!lsjmp-!)pop!kf!qphpeop! tbnp! {b! •j|~fxf! lp|ojdf! qptmf! mjlwjejsbxb! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-!{b!petusbxjwbxf!qbv•jof-!tblvqrbxf!puqbeblb!jue/*/! Tb!quj•jkjn!qfspn!q•fmf!tf!csj|v!pep{hp!ob!epmf!b!of!pcsbuop/! Qsf! vqpusfcf! qpusfcop! kf! qsjqsfnjuj! qfsp! )qpesf{buj*/! [bnb{bob!nfepn!jmj!{bqsrbob!qfsb!)blp!ojtv!qp•vqbob*!nphv!eb! tf! pqfsv! •jtupn! wpepn! j! qptmf! tv|fxb! eb!tf!lpsjtuf!qpopwp/!! ! 6:1/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbups!j!{b!|ub! 6:1/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!j{pmbups!j!{b!|ub! tmvaj@! tmvaj@! J{pm<bups! kf! nbmb! lvujkb! -! {buwpsfob! qp! qfsjgfsjkj! tb! eswfojn! )jmj! mjnfojn*! sbnpn! b! tb! ewf! tusbof! nsfapn/!V!xfhb!tf!pcj•op!qptubwj!kfebo! tuboebseoj! sbn! tb! j{hsb}fojn! tbupn! )cpkf! jtqf•foph! imfcb*/! Nbujdb! qmfnfojuph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! tf! qptubwrb!v!j{pmbups-!eb!cj!tf!epcjp!pe! xf! qmfnfojuj! nbufsjkbm! ofpqipeof! tubsptuj-! lpkj! tf! wbej! usf~j! ebo/! Qptmf! uphb!j{pmbups!tf!petusbxvkf!j{!lp|ojdf! b!nbujdb!j!q•fmf!tf!wsb~bkv!ob{be!v!xv/! Q•fmbsv! lpkj! tf! of! cbwj! qmfnfojujn! Tm/!77! pehbkbxfn!j{pmbups!ojkf!ofpqipebo!)tm/77*/!! ! 6:2/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qptuprf!{b!sbnpwf@! 6:2/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!qptuprf!{b!sbnpwf@! Qptuprf!{b!sbnpwf!)tm/!78*!tf!lpsjtuj!lpe!wb}fxb!sbnpwb! )4*! j{! lp|ojdf/! Usfcb! eb! cvef! lpnqmfujsbop! tb! mjnfojn! qpenfub•fn! )3*! •jkf! tv! tusbojdf! qpwjkfof! ob! hpsf! 3! dn/! j! qptubwrb!tf!jtqpe!sbnpwb/!Qptuprf!kf!ofpqipeop!jtup!qsj!sbev!

260


tb! q•fmjxjn! esv|uwpn! dfousjgvhjsbxv!nfeb/!! !

j!

{b!

qsfop|fxf!

tb~b!

qsj!

Tm/!78! ! 6:3/! [b! |ub! kf! ofpqipeob! q•fmbsv! lb|j•jdb! j! lblwph! pcmjlb! usfcb!eb!cvef@! usfcb!eb!cvef@! Tb! tqfdjkbmopn! lb|j•jdpn! )tm/! 79*! q•fmbs! {biwbub! wsv~! wptbl-!eb!cj!xjnf!{bmfqjp!tbuof!ptopwf!{b!hpsxv!mfuwjdv!sbnb/! Pwp! usfcb! pcbwf{op! eb! tf! vsbej! qsj! obtfrbwbxv! spkb! ob! tbuof! ptopwf/! Blp! pof! ojtv! qsjmfqrfof! epcsp! {b! hpsxv! mfuwv! sbnb-! nphv! eb! tf! jtlsjwf! qpe! efktuwpn! ufajof! q•fmb! j! eb! epqsv! ep! tbuof!ptopwf!ob!tvtfeopn!sbnv/!Blp!qsj!upnf!ojkf!jtlpsj|~fob! ipsj{poubmop! {bufhovub! ajdb-! vwv•fob! ob! 3! dn/! jtqpe! hpsxf! mfuwf!sbnb!)tbupop|f*-!q•fmf!~f!eb!{bmfqf!tb~f!kfeop!{b!esvhp/! Eb! cj! nphbp! wsv~! jtupqrfo! wptbl! eb! jtuj•f! v! ubolpn! nmb{v! j{! lb|j•jdf-!pob!usfcb!eb!kf!tqfdjkbmoph!pcmjlb!)eb!jnb!vevcrfxf! j!lsbk!ob!lpnf!kf!nbltjnbmoj!qsf•ojl!4!nn/*!

Tm/!79!

261


! 6:4/!\ub!kf!tvo•bop!fmflusj•oj!upqjpojl!j!lblp!tf!lpsjtuj@!! 6:4/!\ub!kf!tvo•bop!fmflusj•oj!upqjpojl!j!lblp!tf!lpsjtuj@ Tvo•bop! fmflusj•oj! upqjpojl! )tm/7:*! kf! eswfob! lvujkb! v! lpkv! npaf! eb! tubof! 2! jmj! 3! sbnb-! tb! tublmpn! ob! qplmpqdv/! Qptubwrb! tf! oblsfovup! qsfnb! tvodv/V! xfnv! tf! epcjkb! •jtu! wptbl/!V!xfhb!tf!vhsb}vkf!fmflusj•oj!hsfkb•!pe!711!X!pe!!sfsof! fmflusj•oph!|qpsfub!j!lbeb!!ofnb!tvodb!lpsjtuj!tf!fmflusj•ob! fofshjkb!{b!upqrfxf!wptlb/!V!upqjpojl!kf!vhsb}fo!ufsnptubu!pe! fmflusj•of!qfhmf!lpkj!of!ep{wprbwb!qsfhsfwbxf/! Tm/!7:! ! 2/!sbn!tb!tublmpn! 3/!hsfkb• 4/!aj•bob!nsfab 5/!nfubmoj!qpenfub•! 6/!lbcm! 7/!ufsnptubu! 8/!ufsnpj{pmbdjkb! 9/!lpsjubodf ! ! ! ! ! 2/!hsfkb•! 3/!ufsnptubu! 4/!lbcm ! 6:5/!Lblwb!kf!ufnqfsbuvsb!v!tvo•bopn!upqjpojlv@! 6:5/!Lblwb!kf!ufnqfsbuvsb!v!tvo•bopn!upqjpojlv@! Ufnqfsbuvsb! lpkb! tf! blvnvmjsb! v! tvo•bopn! upqjpojlv-! {bwjtj! pe! xfhpwph! ujqb/! V! tubsjkjn! ujqpwjnb! )tb! kfeojn!

262


tublmpn*! eptujaf! 84°T-! b! v! opwjkjn! ujqpwjnb! )tb! ewb! tublmb! nf}v! lpkjnb! jnb! wb{ev|oj! qsptups! efcrjof! 2! dn/*! npaf! eb! tf! qpwf~b! ep! :7°T/! Blp! tf! v! tvo•boj! upqjpojl! npoujsb! phmfebmp-! lpkf! v! xfnv! pecjkb! tvo•fwf! {sblf-! ufnqfsbuvsb! qp! tvo•bopn! wsfnfov! npaf! eb!eptujhof! 257°T/! Sb{vnf! tf! phmfebmp! usfcb! eb! cvef! qpef|fop! qsbwjmop-! tublmb! eb! tv! •jtub! j! v! mjnfopn! lpsjubodv! eb! ofnb! wpef/)J{! xfhb! wptbl! usfcb! eb! tf! tblvqrb! twblpeofwop*/! ! 6:6/! Lblwb! kf! sb{mjlb! j{nf}v! sf|fulf! Qsplpqpwj•b! j! Ibofnbob@! Ibofnbob@! Qsplpqpwj•! kf! lpsjtujp! sf|fulv! pe! eswfoji! |ubqj~b! b! Ibofnbo! pe! mjnb! tb! pehpwbsbkv~jn! puwpsjnb! )|jsjof! 5-3! nn/*/! Fup!{b|up-!sf|fulb!lpkb!tf!tbeb!j{sb}vkf!pe!ajdf-!tf!tnbusb!{b! sf|fulv! qp! Qsplpqpwj•v-! b! j{sf{bof! pe! mjnb! jmj! qmbtujlf! {b! Ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv/! Ebobt! tf! obk•f|~f! j{sb}vkv! qmbtuj•of! sf|fulf/! ! 6:7/!Lblwj!wjepwj!lbwf{b!tf!j{sb}vkv!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! 6:7/!Lblwj!wjepwj!lbwf{b!tf!j{sb}vkv!{b!q•fmbstuwp@! V! q•fmbstuwv! tf! lpsjtuf! lbwf{j! {b! j{pmpwbxf! nbujdf! b! jtup!j!lpncjopwboj!{b!epebwbxf!nbujdf-!{b!usbotqpsu!nbujdf!j! vojwfs{bmoj/!Pe!lpncjopwboji!lbwf{b!jnb!qsjnfov!ewpkoj!lbwf{! {b!tnfov!nbujdb!b!pe!vojwfs{bmoji!.! lbwf{! Lsjabob/! Ebobt! tf! lbwf{j! j{sb}vkv!qswfotuwfop!pe!qmbtujlf/!! ! 6:8/! Lblwv! j{nfov! v! lbwf{v! j{pmbupsv!kf!vwfp!Cfslpwtlj@! j{pmbupsv!kf!vwfp!Cfslpwtlj@! Cfslpwtlj!kf!qsfempajp!lbwf{! j{pmbups! ublp! eb! ob! kfeopk! tusboj! jnb!Ibofnbopwv!sf|fulv!)2*!)tm/!81*/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! nmbef! q•fmf! qspmb{f!v! lbwf{-! vupqrbwbkv! nbuj•xblf! j! Tm/!81! csjov! tf! p! nbujdj! ep! xfoph!

263


j{mfhbxb/! Kfejoj! ofeptububl! uph! lbwf{b! kf! pufabop! j{mbafxf! nbujdf!tb!tusbof!hef!tf!obmb{f!nmbef!q•fmf/!! ! 6:9/! Pe! •fhb! tf! tbtupkj! tubojpmpw! lpnqmfu! {b! pcfmfabwbxf! nbujdb@! nbujdb@! Tubojpmpw!lpnqmfu!{b!pcfmfabwbxf!nbujdb!tbtupkj!tf!pe! lvujkf! tb! 5! mjtub! tubojpmb-! cfmj-! dswfoj-! {fmfoj! j! avuj! )ofnb! qmbwf!cpkf*/!Ob!twblpn!pe!xji!tv!cspkfwj!pe!2!ep!:1/!V!lpnqmfuv! jnb! {vncb-! |fmblpwp! mfqjmp! v! tublmfopk! fqsvwfuj-! •jpeb! {b! pcfmfabwbxf! j! dfmvmpjeob! usblb! tb! plsvhmjn! j{sf{pn! qsf•ojlb!4!nn/!! ! 6::/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sfgsblupnfubs!j!{b!|ub!tmvaj@ 6::/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sfgsblupnfubs!j!{b!|ub!tmvaj@! |ub!tmvaj@! Sfgsblupnfubs! kf! pquj•lj! vsf}bk! {b! nfsfxf! joefltb! qsfmbnbxb! uwseji! nbufsjkb! jmj! uf•optuj/! Joeflt! qsfmbnbxb! {sblb! lpkj! qbebkv! ob! {jepwf! qsj{nf! npaf! eb! tf! wjej! ob! tlbmj! lpkb! kf! npoujsbob! v! plvmbsv/! [ob•j! sfgsblupnfubs! kf! vsf}bk! qpnp~v!lphb!cs{p!j!ub•op!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!lwbmjufu!nfeb/!V! upn!djrv!v!plvmbsv-!ob!nftuv!qsftfdbxb!mjojkb-!jnb!ewf!tlbmf;! kfeob! qplb{vkf! lpodfousbdjkv! |f~fsb-! b! esvhb! tbesabk! wpef! v! nfev/!Sfgsblupnfubs! lpkj! ovej! gsbodvtlb! gjsnb! ! ″Qpsubcmf!P/! Q/!M/″!npaf!eb!j{nfsj!tbesabk!|f~fsb!v!nfev!pe!73!–.!92&!j!wpef! pe! 24! .! –33&/! Sfgsblupnfubs-! •f|lf! qspj{wpexf-! kf! tb! 4! tlbmf! {b!nfsfxf!|f~fsb;!pe!1!.!46&-!pe!41!–.!71&!j!pe!46!.–!91&/!! ! 711/! [b! |ub! tf! lpsjtuj! nbltjnbmop. nbltjnbmop.njojnbmoj! ufsnpnfubs! j! lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!v!q•fmjxblv@! lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwj!v!q•fmjxblv@ Nbltjnbmop! njojnbmoj! ufsnpnfubs! tf! lpsjtuj! {b! pesf}jwbxf! obkwj|f! j! obkojaf! ufnqfsbuvsf! v! tsfejoj! v! pesf}fopn! ejkbqb{pov! wsfnfob/! Tmvaj! j! {b! usfovuop! nfsfxf! ufnqfsbuvsf! lpkv! ufsnpnfubs! qplb{vkf! jtupwsfnfop! v! ewb! lsbkb! ajwjoph! tuvcb/! Tublmfob! dfw! vsf}bkb! kf! tbwjkfob! v! pcmjlv! mbujoj•oph! tmpwb! W/! V! lbqjmbsjnb! ob! ewb! lsbkb! ajwjoph! tuvcb! tmpcpeop! tf! qplsf~v! •fmj•of! aj•jdf! evajof! 9! nn/! lpkf! tv!

264


qplsjwfof!qspujwlpsp{jwojn!tmpkfn/!Ajwb!ji!jtujtlvkf!v!kfeopn! jmj! esvhpn! qsbwdv! v! {bwjtoptuj! pe! uphb-! eb! mj! tf! ufnqfsbuvsb! qpwf~bwb! jmj! tnbxvkf/! Aj•jdf! qplb{vkv! pehpwbsbkv~v! obkwj|v! jmj! obkojav! wfmj•jov! j! {bup! tf! lbaf! qplb{bufrj! ufnqfsbuvsf<! sf{vmubu!nfsfxb!tf!wjej!ob!epxfn!lsbkv/!Pcb!lsbkb!ufsnpnfusb! tv! ifsnfuj•lj! j{pmpwboj-! eftoj! lsbk! )sb|jsfoj*! kf! qpqvxfo! uf•op|~v! )lsfp{pu*/! Qptmf! •jubxb! sf{vmubub!aj•jdf! tf! qpeftf! qpnp~v!nbhofub!ublp!eb!pcb!lsbkb!qplb{vkv!tuwbsov!ufnqfsbuvsv/! Vsf}bk!usfcb!eb!tf!v•wstuj!ob!wjtjov!pe!3!n/!pe!{fnrf-!ob!epcsp! {btfo•fopn!nftuv-!j!up!ob!ublbw!ob•jo-!eb!ep!xfhb!jnb!qsjtuvq! tb! twji! tusbob! b! jtupwsfnfop! eb! kf! {b|uj~fo! pe! efktuwb! ofqpwproji!lmjnbutlji!vtmpwb!j!qujdb/!!! ! 712/![b!|ub!tmvaj!|qjsjuvtoj!hpsjpojl!{b!cs{p!efktuwp@! 712/![b!|ub!tmvaj!|qjsjuvtoj!hpsjpojl!{b!cs{p!efktuwp@! Ob! |qjsjuvtopn! hpsjpojlv! {b! cs{p! efktuwp! jnb! qpenfub•! {b!lb|j•jdv!{b!wptbl/!Lb|j•jdb!tf!obqvoj!puqbdjnb!wptlb-!lpkj! tf! wsmp! cs{p! sbtupqf! obe! qmbnfopn! hpsjpojlb/! Ob! hpsjpojlv! kf! npoujsbob! es|lb-! ublp! eb! lb|j•jdb! npaf! eb! tf! petusboj! pe! qmbnfob/! Pwbk! vsf}bk! tmvaj! {b! cs{p! mfqrfxf! tbuoji! ptopwb! {b! mfuwjdv!sbnb!j!cb|!{bup!tf!{pwf!hpsjpojl!{b!cs{p!efktuwp/! ! 713/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!usvmp!eswp!v!q•fmbstuwv@ 713/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!usvmp!eswp!v!q•fmbstuwv@! bstuwv@! Usvmp!eswp!pe!wscf-!cvlwf!j!es/!kf!nbmf!uwsep~f!j!ufajof-! mblp! tf! nswj! v! svdj/! Lbeb! tf! {bqbmj! ujxb! j! ebkf! wfmjlv! lpmj•jov!ejnb!qb!kf!qphpebo!nbufsjkbm!{b!ejnjmjdf/!! ! 714/!Lpkj!nbufsjbm!qptubwrfo!v!ejnjmjdv!ebkf!ejn!evhp!wsfnf@!! 714/!Lpkj!nbufsjbm!qptubwrfo!v!ejnjmjdv!ebkf!ejn!evhp!wsfnf@ V!ejnjmjdj!obkcprf!hpsj!nbufsjkbm!pe!qbsb{juof!qf•vslf! lpkb!sbtuf!ob!eswfuv!lpkf!usvmj/!Qsf!lpsj|~fxb!usfcb!epcsp!eb! tf! ptv|j/! Tv|fxf! npaf! eb! tf! vcs{b! blp! tf! qf•vslb! j{sfaf! ob! lpdljdf!3!i!3!i!3!dn/!j!qptubwj!tf!2!ebo!v!tvo•boj!upqjpojl!)qsj! tvo•bopn!wsfnfov*/!! ! 715/!Lpkj!tv!ofeptubdj!ejnjmjdf!tb!lpaojn!nfipn@ 715/!Lpkj!tv!ofeptubdj!ejnjmjdf!tb!lpaojn!nfipn@! ptubdj!ejnjmjdf!tb!lpaojn!nfipn@!

265


Ejnjmjdb! tb! lpaojn! nfipn! kf! |jsplp! sbtqsptusbxfob! {biwbrvkv~j! qsptupk! lpotusvldjkj-! bmj! jnb! tmfef~f! ofeptubulf;! ujxbkv~b!wbusb!v!xpk!•ftup!tf!hbtj-!{bqbrfoj!vhrfo!mblp!vqbeof! v!lpaoj!nfi!j!qsphpsj!hb-!ofnb!lvlv!{b!lb•fxf/!! ! 716/!Lpkj!tv!opwj!ujqpwj!ejnjmjdf@! 716/!Lpkj!tv!opwj!ujqpwj!ejnjmjdf@! Ebobt! tf! twveb! obkwj|f! lpsjtuf! ejnjmjdf! tb! nfiboj•ljn! vcbdjwbxfn! wb{evib/! Kfeob! pe! uji-! qspj{wfefob! v! Tmpwb•lpk-! ob{jwb! tf! ″Wvmlbo″! )tm/! 82*/! V! xv! kf! npoujsbo! tbuoj! nfiboj{bn-! lpkj! qplsf~f! nbmj! wfoujmbups-! b! pwbk! vcbdvkf! wb{evi! qpe! ujxbkv~j! nbufsjkbm/! V! [bqbeopk! Ofnb•lpk! tf! lpsjtuj! ejnjmjdb-! tmj•ob! ejnjmjdj! ujqb! ″Wvmlbo″-! bmj! kf! v! xpk! vnftup! tbuoph! nfiboj{nb! qptubwrfob! wb{ev|ob! qvnqb/! Pob! ebkf! wb{evi! v! ifsnfuj•lj! {buwpsfo! tve-! j{! lphb! tf! )qp!qpusfcj*!jtqv|ub!qpnp~v!wfoujmb!v! hpsjpojl!ejnjmjdf/!Kp|!kf!qsbluj•ojkb! j!fgjlbtojkb!ejnjmjdb!qspj{wfefob!v! Jtup•opk! Ofnb•lpk/! Pob! kf! tmj•ob! ejnjmjdj! ″Wvmlbo″-! bmj! kpk! tf! wfoujmbups! qplsf~f! fmfluspnpupspn-! obqbkbojn!cbufsjkpn!pe!5-6!wpmuj-!•jkj! kf!spl!fltqmpbubdjkf!kfeob!hpejob/! Tm/82! ! 717/!\ub!kf!bqjejlups@ 717/!\ub!kf!bqjejlups@! /!\ub!kf!bqjejlups@! Bqjejlups! kf! blvtuj•lj! vsf}bk! {b! qsfewj}bxf! spkfxb/! Qsfetubwrb! nbmj! qrptobuj! njlspgpo-! lpkj! iwbub! {wvlf! lpkf! pebkv! q•fmf/! Qsfnb! xjnb! tf! vuws}vkf! spkfwp! tubxf! lpe! q•fmb/! Qpwj|bwbxf! upob-! {wvlb! nmbeji! q•fmb-! qplb{vkf! eb! wj|bl! tflsfub! xjipwji! aesfmoji! amf{eb! ptubkf! ofjtlpsj|~fo! {cph!

266


oftubolb! puwpsfoph! mfhmb-! b! up! kf! tjhvsbo! {obl! {b! qsjqsfnv! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!{b!spkfxf/!! ! 718/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!kf!spkfwlb@! 718/!Lblwb!usfcb!eb!kf!spkfwlb@! ! Spkfwlb!usfcb!eb!kf!mblb!)nbltjnbmob!ufajob!3!lh/*-!eb!jnb! wfmjlj! wfoujmbdjpoj! puwps! ob! eov! )4*-! nftup! {b! qptubwrbxf! tuboebseoji! sbnpwb! j! v! hpsxfn! qplsfuopn! qplmpqdv! lsvaoj! puwps!{b!mfwbl!)5*!j!isbojmjdv/!Puwps!{b!qspwfusbwbxf!)!evajof! 81! nn/! j! |jsjof! 23! nn/*! usfcb! eb! tf! {buwbsb! tjhvsojn! {buwbsb•fn/!Spkfwlb!usfcb!eb!jnb!es|lv!{b!lb•fxf!)6*!b!vovusb! v! xpk! eb! tv! npoujsbob! hof{eb! {b! v•ws|~jwbxf! sbnpwb! )tm/! 83*/! Tb! tqprb|xf! tusbof! kf! ofpqipeop! eb! cvef! pcpkfob! j! ob! xpk! p{ob•fob!ufajob/!!

Tm/!83!

267


! 719/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!vojwfs{bmob!spkfwlb@!! 719/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!vojwfs{bmob!spkfwlb@ Vojwfs{bmob!spkfwlb!kf!nophp!qphpeob!{b!iwbubxf!spkfwb!j! {b! xjipwp! qsfop|fxf! ob! wfmjlb! sbtupkbxb/! Blp! tf! qptubwf! sbnpwj! tb! tbuopn! ptopwpn-! v! xpk! evaf! wsfnf! nphv! eb! tf! esaf! spkfof!q•fmf/!Uv!spk!npaf!eb!ajwj!epl!spkfwlb!of!qptubof!uftob! {b!xfhb/! ! 71:/!Lpkf!kb•jof!usfcb!eb!kf!fmfluspnpups!pesf}fo!{b!qplsfubxf! dfousjgvhf!lbqbdjufub!5!ep!7!sbnpwb@ dfousjgvhf!lbqbdjufub!5!ep!7!sbnpwb@! ufub!5!ep!7!sbnpwb@! [b! qplsfuxf! dfousjgvhf! tb! 5! ep! 7! sbnpwb! ofpqipebo! kf! fmfluspnpups! kb•jof! 211! ! X/! [b! sbejkbmof! j! ipsejkbmof! dfousjgvhf! )lpkf! tv! tb! wf~jn! cspkfn! sbnpwb*-! npups! usfcb! eb! kf! kb•jof! 261! X! j! eb! kf! pqsfnrfo! vsf}bkfn! {b! sfhvmjtbxf! cspkb! pcsubkb!pe!2!ep!411/! ! 721/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!blvnvmbups!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 721/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!blvnvmbups!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Blvnvmbups! )23W-261Bi*! jtlpsj|~bwb! tf! v! q•fmbstuwv! {b! ptwfurbwbxf! ufsfuoph! wp{jmb-! {b! qplsfubxf! dfousjgvhf-! {b! fmflusj•oj! opa! {b! puwbsbxf! tb~b-! {b! vubqbxf! ajdb! v! tbuof! ptopwf-! {b! epcjkbxf! tusvkf! {b! tjhobmov! mbnqv! qsj! qsfwp{v! lp|ojdb! op~v-! {b! obqbkbxf! fmflusj•oph! qbtujsb! j! tjsfob! {b! sbtufsjwbxf!nfewfeb!j!vpq|uf!{b!ptwfurfxf/! ! 722/!\ub!kf!fmflusj•oj!awsl!)fmflusj•oj!vubqb•!ajdb*@! 722/!\ub!kf!fmflusj•oj!awsl!)fmflusj•oj!vubqb•!ajdb*@! Fmflusj•oj!vubqb•!ajdb!v!tbuov!ptopwv!!kf!usbotgpsnbups! lpkj!tnbxvkf!obqpo!tusvkf!tb!331!wpmuj!ob!7!–.!21!wpmuj/!Vubqb!tf! qp! kfeob! jmj! twf! ajdf! pekfeopn! 0|up! {bwjtj! pe! kb•jof! tusvkf! b! vuws}vkf! tf! phmfepn0/! [b! vubqbxf! ajdb! npaf! tf! lpsjtujuj! j! bvupblvnvmbups! lsbuljn! epejsjwbxfn! ajdb! qspwpeojdjnb! tb! qpmpwb!blvnvmbupsb/! ! 723/!\ub!kf!eflsjtubmj{bups@ 723/!\ub!kf!eflsjtubmj{bups@! \ub!kf!eflsjtubmj{bups@!

268


Eflsjtubmj{bups! nfeb! kf! fmflusj•oj! vsf}bk! {b! {bhsfwbxf! j! pubqbxf! lsjtubmb! nfeb/! V! xfnv! kf! vhsb}fo! ufsnptubu! lpkj! of! ep{wprbwb!qsfhsfwbxf!nfeb/! ! 724/!Lblp!lpsjtujuj!sv•ov!qstlbmjdv!lpe!tfpcf!q•fmb@! 724/!Lblp!lpsjtujuj!sv•ov!qstlbmjdv!lpe!tfpcf!q•fmb@! Sv•ob! qstlbmjdb! kf! wsmp! qsbluj•ob! lpe! sbeb! tb! q•fmbnb/! Pob!tf!npaf!lpsjtujuj!lpe!puwbsbxb!lp|ojdf!eb!cj!tf!tnjsjmf! q•fmf/! Lbeb! ji! qpqstlbnp! tb! 3! ep! 4! nmb{b! pof! tf! tnjsf/! Lpe! qsjqsfnf! {b! tfpcv-! lpe! {buwbsbxb! mfub! qpqstlbnp! ji! j! pof! tf! penbi! qpwvlv! v! lp|ojdv! tb! qpmfubrlf/! Pwp! kf! fgjlbtojkf! pe! ejnrfxb/!Blp!tf!eftj!v!usbotqpsuv!eb!q•fmf!ofhef!j{mb{f-!|up! npaf! eb! tuwbsb! qspcmfn-! qpqstlbnp! ji! wpepn! j! pof! tf! tnjsf! j! qsfev{jnbnp!ebrf!nfsf/!! ! !

Lp|ojdf! Lp|ojdf! !! 725/!\ub!kf!qmpej|uf@! 725/!\ub!kf!qmpej|uf@! Qmpej|uf! kf! qsptups! lpkj! pcf{cf}vkf! tmpcpeop! lsfubxf! nbujdf! j! nphv~optu! ofphsboj•foph! qpmbhbxb! kbkb/! Qsfnb! j{ws|fojn!nfsfxjnb-!{b!up! kf! ovabo!qsptups!{bqsfnjof!61!en/! lvcoji! )61! m/*/! V! upk! {bqsfnjoj! tv! 21! tuboebseoji! sbnpwb/!! Vlvqob!qpws|job!jn!kf!2!n/!lwbesbuoj/!Qsj!pesf}jwbxv!sb{nfsb! qmpej|ub! npaf! eb! tf! jef! pe! tmfef~ji! qbsbnfubsb;! 61! en/! lwbesbuoji! qpws|jof! wptlb! ofpqipeop! kf! {b! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! nbujdf-! 9-6! en/! lwbesbuoji! {b! tlmbej|ufxf! qpmfob-! 47! en/! lwbesbuoji! {b! ! {bmjif! nfeb-! 2-6! en/! lwbesbuoji! {b! usvupwtlf! ~fmjkf! j! 5! en/! lwbesbuob! {b! qsfmb{of! ~fmjkf! )pe! usvupwtlji! lb! ~fmjkbnb!q•fmb! sbejmjdb*/!V!nfej|uf!npaf!eb!tf!qptubwj! jtuj! cspk!sbnpwb/!! ! 726/!Lblwb!kf!lp|ojdb!Spaf!Efmpob@! 726/!Lblwb!kf!lp|ojdb!Spaf!Efmpob@! Lp|ojdb! Spaf! Efmpob! kf! obkqsjcmjaojkb! evqrj! v! eswfuv-! qsjspeopn! tuboj|uv! q•fmb/! Jnb! 9! sbnpwb/! Ejnfo{jkf! sbnb! tv!

269


38-6! i! 2:! dn/! Lpotusvldjkb! sbnb! ep{wprbwb! mbl|j! qsfmb{bl! {jnj! j{! kfeoph! obtubwlb! v! esvhj/! Jnb! 5! obtubwlb/! Twj! tv! obtubwdj!kfeoblj/! ! 727/!\ub!kf!evcplb!qpexb•b@! 727/!\ub!kf!evcplb!qpexb•b@ Evcplb! qpexb•b! kf! tboev•f! lpkf! tf! qptubwrb! jtqpe! qmpej|ub!lp|ojdf/!Evajob!j!|jsjob!nv!pehpwbsbkv!qmpej|uv!b! wjtjob! kf! 261! nn/Ob! eov! kf! qplsfuob! qpeob! ebtlb! j! sbn! tb! aj•bopn! nsfapn! )boujwbsp{ob! nsfab*/! J! qpeob! ebtlb! ! pe! mftpojub! jmj! ubolf! ebtlf! j! aj•bob! nsfab! nphv! tf! wbejuj! ob! puwps!tb!{bexf!tusbof!lpkj!tf!{buwbsb!sbkcfspn!)tm/!84*/!Evcplb! qpexb•b! jnb! oj{! epcsji! tusbob;! qpexb•b! tf! npaf! •jtujuj! cf{! v{ofnjsbwbxb! q•fmb! v! twblp! epcb-! ! lpsjtujuj! {b! usfujsbxf! qspujw!wbspf-!{b!qsjisbxjwbxf!q•fmb-!q•fmf!qpwprojkf!{jnvkv-! kfs!imbebo!wb{evi!qbeb!epmf-!mfuj!q•fmf!of!qsbwf!csbev!jtqsfe! lp|ojdf-! ofnb! {bhv|fxb! j! {buwbsbxb! vmjdb! nsuwjn! q•fmbnb! {jnj-!cprf!kf!qspwfusbwbxf!mfuj!j!v!uplv!usbotqpsub!jue/!! ! Tm/!84!

! 728/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!{b!j{sbev!lp|ojdb@! 728/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!{b!j{sbev!lp|ojdb@! [b!j{sbev!lp|ojdb!obkqphpeojkf!kf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!eswp!pe! •fujobsb-! ptv|fop! ob! tubcmv! bmj! eb! ofnb! dswfoph! usvrfxb! eswfub/! Jnb! nophp! ojtlv! {bqsfnjotlv! ufajov! )1-48! lh0en/! lvcopn*-!kfgujojkf!kf!j!pcsb}vkf!tf!mblp/! !

270


729/!Lpkj!tqproj!efp!lp|ojdf!usvmj!cs{p!j!lblp!up!npaf!eb!tf! tqsf•j@!! tqsf•j@ Obk•f|~f! tbusvof! qpmfubrlb! lp|ojdf-! {bup! |up! kf! v! obkwf~fn! efmv! hpejof! pulsjwfob! j! ojkf! {b|uj~fob! pe! tqprb|xji!vujdbkb!j!wsfnfotlji!qspnfob/!Pcj•op!tf!v•ws|~vkf! {b! lp|ojdv! •fmj•ojn! {bwsuxjnb! j! |bslbnb! lpkf! cs{p! lpspejsbkv! ){bs}bkv*! j! qptubkv! ofqphpeoj! {b! ebrf! lpsj|~fxf/! Fup!{b|up!ubk!efp!lp|ojdf!usfcb!•ftup!eb!tf!nfxb/!Up!nf}vujn! npaf! eb! tf! j{cfhof-! blp! tf! qpmfubrlb! obqsbwj! pe! kfmpwph! eswfub!b!{bwsuxj!j!|bslf!eb!tv!pe!ofs}bkv~fh!nbufsjkbmb/!! ! 72:/! Lpmjlp! usfcb! eb! cvef! sbtupkbxf! pe! epxf! mfuwf! sbnb! qmpej|ub!ep!eob!lp|ojdf@! qmpej|ub!ep!eob!lp|ojdf@! Ubk!qsptups!!tmvaj!{b!j{nfov!wb{evib!v!lp|ojdj!lsp{!mfup-! {b! qptubwrbxf! qpeoph! qpenfub•b! j! qpnp~of! isbojmjdf-! {b! tblvqrbxf!nsuwji!q•fmb!j!puqbeblb!ob!eov/!Jefbmob!wjtjob!cj! usfcbmb! eb! cvef! :! nn/){b! tmpcpebo! qspmb{! ewf! q•fmf! kfeob! ob! esvhpk*/!Lpe!lp|ojdb!tb!evcplpn!qpexb•pn!ub!wjtjob!npaf!!cjuj! 261!nn/!)tm/!85*! ! !Tm/!85! ! 2/!cp•ob!mfu. wjdb!sbnb<! 3/!epxb!mfu. wjdb!sbnb<! 4/!eop!lp|. ojdf<! 5/!qsptups! j{nf}v!eob!j! sbnpwb/! ! 731/! [b|up! of! usfcb! eb! tf! ptubwj! nophp! wfmjlp! sbtupkbxf! j{nf}v!epxji!mfuwjdb!sbnb!qmpej|ub!j!eob!lp|ojdf@! j{nf}v!epxji!mfuwjdb!sbnb!qmpej|ub!j!eob!lp|ojdf@!

271


Sbtupkbxf! j{nf}v! epxji! mfuwjdb! sbnb! v! qmpej|uv! j! eob! lp|ojdf!tb!wjtjopn!wf~pn! pe!26!nn/!!q•fmf!qpqvxbwbkv!sb{ojn! jtqvq•fxjnb! ! eb! cj! nphmf! mblp! eb! qsf}v! sbtupkbxf! pe! eob! ep! epxf!mfuwjdf!sbnb/!Blp!tv!ub!jtqvq•fxb!j{hsb}fob!ejsfluop!ob! eov! lp|ojdf-! usfcb! qsf! qptubwrbxb! qpeoph! qpenfub•b! eb! tf! petusbof/! Lpe! lp|ojdb! tb! evcplpn! qpexb•pn! pwp! sbtupkbxf! npaf!eb!cvhf!261!nn/! ! 732/!Lblwf!usfcb!eb!tv!sb{nfsf!mfub@! 732/!Lblwf!usfcb!eb!tv!sb{nfsf!mfub@! Sb{nfsf! mfub! ! tv! v! tlmbev! tb! vuws}fojn! tuboebsejnb-! lpkji! twblj! qspj{wp}b•! lp|ojdb! usfcb! tusjluop! eb! tf! esaj/! Wfmj•job! mfub! sfhvmj|f! tf! cmfoepn-! lpkb! kf! efp! lpotusvldjkf! lp|ojdf! j! npaf!eb! tf! tnbxj! blp!tf! qplsjkf! qbs•fupn! ulbojof/! Q•fmbsj! lpkj! j{sb}vkv! lp|ojdf-! nphv! tbnj! eb! pesfef! sb{nfsf! mfub/!Oj!v!lpn!tmj•bkv!wjtjob!mfub!)qp!dfmpk!|jsjoj!lp|ojdf*!of! usfcb!eb!qsf}f!31!nn/!•bl!j!v!obkupqmjkf!ebof!v!qfsjpev!hmbwof! qb|f/! Lpe! qmbojotlf! qb|f! pob! npaf! eb! cvef! j! 21! nn/! V! kftfo! |jsjob! mfub! tf! tnbxvkf! ! ep! 231! nn/! [jnj! wjtjob! usfcb! eb! nv! cvef! 8! nn/b!|jsjob! 211! nn/!Lpe!nophp! kblji! nsb{fwb! j! wfuspwb! mfup!npaf!eb!tf!qplsjkf!uboljn!tmpkfn!qbnvlb/!! ! 733/![b|up!tf!qsfqpsv•vkf!eb!kf!lp|ojdb!tb!epxjn!mfupn@! 733/![b|up!tf!qsfqpsv•vkf!eb!kf!lp|ojdb!tb!epxjn!mfupn@! [b!ajwpu!q•fmb-!lbp!j!{b!twblph!esvhph!jotflub-!ofpqipebo! kf! ljtfpojl/! Qsj! ejtbxv! tf! v{jnb! ljtfpojl! b! ptmpcb}b! tf! vhrfoejpltje-! lpkj! tkfejojw|j! tf! v! wmbaopk! tsfejoj! tb! wpepn!! pcsb{vkf!vhrfov!ljtfmjov/!Qbsf!uf!ljtfmjof!tv!ufaf!pe!wb{evib! j! {bup! j{mb{f! wbo! lsp{! epxf! mfup/! Hpsxf! mfup! v! pwpn! tmv•bkv! ojkf! pehpwbsbkv~f! {b! tuwbsbxf! ofpqipeof! wfoujmbdjkf! )puwps! usfcb! eb! nv! cvef! qsjmj•op! wfmjlj*/! Esvhp! qsfjnv~tuwp! epxfh! mfub!kf!up-!eb!twj!puqbdj-!lpkj!qbeov!ob!eop!lp|ojdf-!nphv!mblp! eb! cvev! j{ofuj! wbo! pe! tusbof! q•fmb/!Ptjn! uphb-! blp! kf! lp|ojdb! tbnp!tb!hpsxjn!mfupn-!of!npaf!eb!tf!qptubwj!qpeoj!qpenfub•/! ! !

272


734/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!u{w/!tlmpqjwpn!qsp{psv!ob!lp|ojdj@! 734/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!u{w/!tlmpqjwpn!qsp{psv!ob!lp|ojdj@! ! Tlmpqjwj! qsp{ps! )2/!tublmp<!3/!|bs. ojsj<! 4/! bmlf! {b! tljebxf! qsp{ps. j~b! tb! lp|ojdf<! tm/!86*-!qsfewj}fo! kf!{b!lp|ojdf!lpe! lpkji! kf! qsjtuvq! v! xji! pcf{cf}fo! tb! {bexf! tusbof! )ujq! ″Cvef•bl″-! npsbwtlj! vojwfs. {bmoj-! BA! j! es/*/! Qsp{ps! jnb! up! Tm/!86! qsfjnv~tuwp! |up! tf!tbtupkj!pe!ewb!efmb!tqpkfob!|bslbnb/!\bslf!tf!npoujsbkv!ob! vovusb|xpk!tusboj!sbnb!qsp{psb/! ! 735/!Eb!mj!kf!ofpqipeop!mfup!ob!nfej|uv@ 735/!Eb!mj!kf!ofpqipeop!mfup!ob!nfej|uv@! j|uv@! Nophj! q•fmbsj! qsbluj•bsj! pckb|xbwbkv! ofpqipeoptu! nbmph! mfub! )puwpsb*! ob! nfej|uv! {bup! |up! cf{! xfhb! usvupwj! of! nphv! eb! j{mf~v! j{! nfej|ub-! v! lpkf! tv! ep|mj! )oqs/! qsj! qsfoptv! sbnpwb! j{! qmpej|ub! v! nfej|uf*-! b! jtup! j! {cph! uphb! |up! cf{! uph! mfub!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!of!cj!nphmp!eb!{jnvkf!v!nfej|uv/!J{mb{! usvupwb!j{!nfej|ub!npaf!eb!tf!ptuwbsj!j!ob!esvhj!ob•jo/! ! 736/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tqsbu!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 736/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!ufsnjo!tqsbu!v!q•fmbstuwv@! ! Tqsbu!kf!nfej|uf!tuboebseof!lp|ojdf!lpkj!jnb!npoujsbop! qsp{ps•f/!Npaf!eb!tf!qptubwj!ejsfluop!ob!pewpkfop!eop!j!ubeb! nfej|uf!qptubkf!qmpej|uf-!b!v!tmv•bkv!qpusfcf!kf!nfej|uf/!Blp!

273


tf! nf}v! tqsbupwf! qptubwf! nf}veob-! poeb! uv! nphv! eb! {jnvkv! oflpmjlp!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!qpe!kfeojn!lspwpn/! ! 737/! Lblwp! usfcb! eb! cvef! sbtupkbxf! pe! cp•oji! mfuwjdb! sbnb!ep!{jeb!lp|ojdf@! sbnb!ep!{jeb!lp|ojdf@! ! Eb!cj!sbnpwj!nphmj!mblp!eb!tf!sb{nftuf!v!lp|ojdj!j!eb!tf! j{wbef! j{! xf-! cp•of! mfuwjdf! usfcb! eb! cvev! ob! sbtupkbxv-! of! nbxfn!pe!8!nn/!j!of!wf~fn!pe!21!nn/!pe!{jeb!lp|ojdf!)tm/!87*!2/! {je! lp|ojdf-! 3/! cp•ob! mfuwjdb! sbnb! qbsbmfmob! tb! {jepn! lp|ojdf-! 4/! cp•ob! mfuwb! sbnb! wfsujlbmob! ob! {je! lp|ojdf-! 5/! sb{nbl-! 6/! sbtupkbxf! j{nf}v! sbnb! j! {jeb! lp|ojdf/! Qsptups!

Tm/!87!

274


nbxj! pe! 6nn/! q•fmb! qpqvxbwbkv! qspqpmjtpn-! b! wf~j! pe! 21! nn/! {buwbsbkv!tb!wp|ubojn!″nptuj~jnb″/! ! 738/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!!{b!j{sbev!sbnpwb@! 738/!Lpkb!wstub!eswfub!kf!obkqphpeojkb!!{b!j{sbev!sbnpwb@! [b!j{sbev!sbnpwb!q•fmbsj!tv!lpsjtujmj!mjqpwp!eswp-!{bup! |up! pop! of! qstlb! qsj! tqbkbxv! mfuwjdb! sbnb! tb! eswfojn! lmjopwjnb/! Ebot! kf! qp{obup!eb! mjqpwp!eswp! mblp!vqjkb! wmbhv! j{! wb{evib-! lpkb! nv! qpwf~bwb! ufajov! j! tnbxvkf! ufsnpj{pmbdjpob! twpktuwb/! Lbp! sf{vmubu! uphb! tv! qphps|boj! vtmpwj! {jnpwbxb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Ptjn! uphb! mjqpwp! eswp! tf! efgpsnj|f! mblp-!{obuop!kf!ufaf!pe!kfmpwjof!j!tlvqrf!kf/!J{!uph!sb{mphb-!{b! j{sbev! sbnpwb! tf! qsfqpsv•vkf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! sbwopwmblobtup! kfmpwp! eswp-! b! mfuwjdf! tf! tqbkbkv! tb! nfubmojn! qmp•jdbnb! )sb{nfsb!2-5i43!nn/*!tb!uboljn!fltfsjnb/! ! 739/!Lpkb!kf!pehpwbsbkv~b!efcrjob!{jeb!lp|ojdf@! 739/!Lpkb!kf!pehpwbsbkv~b!efcrjob!{jeb!lp|ojdf@ Qptupkf! sb{mj•jub! nj|rfxb! p! efcrjoj! {jeb! lp|ojdf/! [bcmveb!kf!eb!{je!lp|ojdf!•vwb!upqmpuv!v!lp|ojdj-!kfs!q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!of!hsfkf!lp|ojdv/!Ufnqfsbuvsb!tf!pesabwb!v!q•fmjxfn! lmvcfuv! b! of! v! qsptupsv! lp|ojdf/! Tbtwjn! kf! epwprob! efcrjob! {jepwb!lp|ojdf!pe!31!nn/! ! 73:/!Lpkj!kf!ujq!lp|ojdf!obkcprj@! 73:/!Lpkj!kf!ujq!lp|ojdf!obkcprj@ Twblj!q•fmbs!iwbmj!ujq!lp|ojdf!tb!lpkjn!q•fmbsj/!_ftup! tf! wpef! qpmfnjlf! plp! uphb! lpkj! kf! ujq! lp|ojdf! obkcprj/! Twblj! ujq! lp|ojdf! jnb! twpkji! qsfeoptuj! j! ofeptubublb/! Lpe! epcsp! pcv•foph! q•fmbsb! twblj! ujq! lp|ojdf! kf! epcbs/! Wbaop! kf! eb! v! lp|ojdj!cvef!kblp!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp-!kfs!nfe!of!epoptj!lp|ojdb! ofhp!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!v!xpk/! ! 741/!Lpkfh!qsf•ojlb!tv!pcj•op!puwpsj!{b!ajdv!v!sbnpwjnb!j!lpkj! tv!jn!ofeptubudj@ tv!jn!ofeptubudj@! ptubudj@! Puwpsj! {b! ajdv! v! sbnpwjnb! pcj•op! tv! qsf•ojlb! 2-6! nn/! Ofeptububl!kf!|up!v!puwpsjnb!nphv!eb!tf!lsjkv!mbswf!)hvtfojdf*!

275


wptlpwph!nprdb-!lpkf!ji!qsphsj{bkv!j!qsp|jsvkv!ep!5!nn-!•jnf!tf! •wstujob! sbnb! {obuop! tnbxvkf/! Ptjn! uphb! ajdb! tf! vsf{vkf! evcplp! v! mfuwjdv! v! qsbwdv! wmblbob! j! sf{vmubu! uphb! kf! eb! tf! sb{mbcbwj-! b! tbuob! ptopwb! nfxb! wfsujlbmoj! qpmpabk! v! sbnv! j! tb~f!tf!efgpsnj|f/! ! 742/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!vsf{jwbxf!ajdf!v!mfuwjdf!sbnpwb! j!qptubwrbxf!kbkb!wptlpwph!nprdb!v!puwpsf!{b!ajdv@! j!qptubwrbxf!kbkb!wptlpwph!nprdb!v!puwpsf!{b!ajdv@! V! puwpsf! {b! ajdv! tf! qptubwrbkv! njojkbuvsof! nfubmof! usvcjdf! )6*-! lpkf! tqsf•bwbkv! vsf{jwbxf! ajdf! )4*! v! mfuwjdf! sbnpwb! )2*! j! tlsjwbxf! wptlpwph! nprdb! v! puwpsjnb! )tm/! 88*/! Qsfempafoj! ob•jo! jnb! nf}vujn! ubk! ofeptububl! eb! qptmf! ejnrfxb! tb~b! tvnqpspn-! usvcjdf! pltjej|v! )s}bkv*/! Eb! tf! ajdb! qsj! {buf{bxv! of! cj! vsf{j. wbmb! v! mfuwj. df! oflj! q•f. mbsj! lpsjtuf! aj•bof! lmbo. gjdf! )4*! )pe! ifgubmjdf*! lpkf! obcjkbkv! v! eswp! qsf! qsp. cjkbxb!puwpsb/!! Tm/!88! ! ! 743/! Lpkj! pcmjdj! sb{nblb! tv! qp{obuj! j! lpkj! pe! xji! tf! lpsjtuf! ebobt!v!q•fmbstuwv@! ebobt!v!q•fmbstuwv@! V{! qpnp~! sb{nblb! tf! phsboj•bwb! |jsjob! nf}vsbnoph! qsptupsb/!Wjtjob!jn!{bwjtj!pe!|jsjof!tusbojdf!mfuwjdf!sbnb!j! pe! sbtupkbxb! j{nf}v! tbuoji! ptopwb-! lpkf! kf! tubmop/! Lpe! lpsj|~fxb!mfuwjdb!|jsjof!36!nn-!sb{nbl!usfcb!eb!kf!wjtjof!21! nn/! Ebobt! tf! lpsjtuj! uspsbnfoj! {blvdbwbkv~j! sb{nbl! )2*-! djmjoesj•oj!sb{nbdj!tb!fltfspn!)3*-!uspsbnfoj!sb{nbl!tb!!

276


! puwpspn!{b!fltfsj~f!)4*-!qsp|jsfob! cp•ob!mfuwjdb!sbnb!)ipgnbopw!sbn*! )5*! cp•ob! mfuwjdb! sbnb! qsp|jsfob! ob! pcb! lsbkb)6*-! sb{efmob! mfuwjdb! lpkb! tf! qsj•ws|~vkf! fltfsj~jnb! ob! cp•of!mfuwjdf!sbnb!)tm/!89*/!! ! 744/! Lpkj! qpmpabk! tb~b! kf! obkqphpeojkj!. obkqphpeojkj!.!upqmj!jmj!imbeoj@! –!upqmj!jmj!imbeoj@ !upqmj!jmj!imbeoj@! Ufsnjoj-! upqmj! j! imbeoj! sbtqpsfe! tb~b-! wf~! tv! {bnfxfoj! opwjn;! qpqsf•oj! )3*! j! v{evaoj! )2*/! Qsj! qpqsf•opn! qpmpabkv-! tb~f! kf! sbtqpsf}fop! vqpsfeop! tb! qsfexpn! tusbopn! lp|ojdf-! b! qsj! v{evaopn-! pcsovup!)tm/!8:*/!Ub•ojn!nfsfxfn!kf! Tm/!89!

Tm/!8:!

vuws}fop! eb! lpe! v{evaoph! sbtqpsfeb-! q•fmf! v! qfsjpev! hbkfxb! mfhmb!hvcf!wj|f!pe!32&!upqmpuf!ofhp!lpe!qpqsf•oph/!V!qfsjpev! njspwbxb-! lbeb! kf! nf}vsbnoj! qsptups! {bqptfeovu! q•fmbnb! v! qpuqvoptuj-!qpqsf•oj!sbtqpsfe!ebkf!nphv~optu!eb!imbebo!wb{evi! v}f!v!lp|ojdv-!j!{bup!q•fmf!ebkv!qsfeoptu!v{evaopn!sbtqpsfev! j{hsbexf! tb~b/! Ublbw! sbtqpsfe! tb~b! jnb! qsfeoptuj! j! qsj! tlmbej|ufxv!sf{fswj!isbof!{b!!{jnv/!Wf~j!efp!xf!tf!qptubwrb!

277


v!{bexfn!efmv!tb~b/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!q•fmf!jnbkv!qsjtuvq!ep!wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! isbof-! b! up! tlpsp! jtlrv•vkf! pqbtoptu! eb! vhjov! pe! hmbej/! Cs{j! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! lpe! qpqsf•oph! sbtqpsfeb! j{b{jwb! spkfxf-! lpkf! npaf! eb! jnb! tvqspuof! qptmfejdf/! Obkwbaojkj! bshvnfobu! j! lpsjtu! v{evaoph! sbtqpsfeb! tb~b! kf! nphv~optu!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!sbn!hsb}fwxbl!v!lp|ojdj/! ! 745/! Lpkf! tv! qsfeoptuj! j! ofeptubdj! tubdjpobsoph! j! tfmf~fh! q•fmbsfxb@! q•fmbsfxb@! Tuwbsbxf! tubdjpobsoph! q•fmjxblb! {biufwb! nophp! tsfetubwb/!Up!pehpwbsb!tbnp!v!qsjtvtuwv!epcsf!nfepoptof!cb{f-! lpkb! pcf{cf}vkf! tubmop! pcjmov! qb|v-! lpkb! ebkf! nphv~optu! lpodfousjtbxb! wfmjlph! cspkb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! ob! nbmpk! qpws|joj-! epcsp! {jnpwbxf! q•fmb! j! vepcbo! sbe! tb! xjnb! qp! wsv~joj/! Tubdjpobsoj! q•fmjxbl! jnb! j! uv! qsfeoptu! eb! twf! qpnp~of!blujwoptuj!)sfnpou!pqsfnf-!qsjqsfnb!sbnpwb-!{b|ujub! pe!wfusb!jue/*!nphv!eb!tf!qspwpef!qsj!qpwprojn! vtmpwjnb/!Lbp! ofeptubulf! ob! wfmjljn! tubdjpobsojn! q•fmjxbdjnb! usfcb! jtub~j! •ftup! obmfubxf! q•fmb! v! uv}f! lp|ojdf-! wfmjlj! hvcjubl! nbujdb!v!qfsjpev!pqmpexf-!pqbtoptu!pe!jogfldjkf-!qpabsb!j!es/! Tfmf~j! q•fmjxbl! sfbhvkf! fmbtuj•op! ob! qspnfof! vtmpwb! {b! q•fmbstuwp/! [b! xfhb! kf! ofpqipeob! nbmb! qpws|job-! bmj! jnb! qpusfcv! wf~f! csjhf! {b! pesabwbxfn/! Ofpqipeof! tv! upqmf! lp|ojdf!j!lv~jdb!{b!q•fmbsb/![b!qplsfuop!q•fmbsfxf-!obkcprf! kf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!tqfdjkbmop!vsf}fop!qsfwp{op!tsfetuwp/! ! 746/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!lpoufkofs!{b!lp|ojdf@ 746/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!lpoufkofs!{b!lp|ojdf@! lpoufkofs!{b!lp|ojdf@! Lpoufkofs!{b!lp|ojdf!kf!{bqsfnjof!2n/!lvcoj/!V!xfhb!npaf! eb! tf! tnftuj! q•fmbstlj! jowfoubs! ublp-! eb! cvef! ptjhvsbo! pe! efktuwb! tqprb|xji! ofqpwproji! gblupsb! )tvo•fwb! twfumptu-! wmbaoptu-! qsb|job-! nfiboj•lf! qpwsfef! j! es/*/! Qsj! usbotqpsuv! lp|ojdf! tf! qptubwrbkv! v! xfhb! ob! qpmjdv! j! j{wbef! tf! qsj! vtubopwrfxv!afrfoph!nftub/! !

278


747/! \ub! qsfetubwrbkv! qbwjrpo-! tfmf~j! q•fmjxbl! j! qsjlpmjdb@! qsjlpmjdb@! Qbwjrpo! kf! qplsjwfo! lpoufkofs! {b! qsfwp{! lp|ojdb/! V! xfnv!tf!pcj•op!obmb{j!6!lp|ojdb-!qpoflbe!v!ewb!sfeb!kfeob!ob! esvhpk/! Qplsfuoj! q•fmjxbl! npaf! eb! tf! obupwbsj! ob! ufsfuob! lpmb! qpnp~v! ej{bmjdf/! Qsjlpmjdb! kf! qmbugpsnb! tb! bvupnpcjmtljn! hvnbnb! j! wfmj•jof! lpkb! pehpwbsb! lmbtj! bvupnpcjmb! {b! lpkj! kf! qsjlb•fob/! Pob! tmvaj! {b! usbotqpsu! 9! .–23! lp|ojdb!ep!nftub!qb|f/! ! 748/!\ub!kf!sb{wpeojl@ 748/!\ub!kf!sb{wpeojl@! peojl@! Sb{wpeojl! kf! wj|ftqsbuob! lp|ojdb/! V! twblpn! tqsbuv! jnb! nbujdb! tb! nophp! q•fmb/! Ob! ub! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! ofpqipeop! kf! pcsbujuj!wfmjlv!qbaxv!v!qspmf~f-!lbeb!qsjisbopn!pob!usfcb!eb! tf! epwfev! ep! nbltjnbmoph! sb{wpkb/! Pe! uji-! wf|ub•lj! qsjqsfnrfoji-! kblji! esv|ubwb! v{jnb! tf! mfhmp-! tb! lpkjn! tf! qpkb•bwbkv! tmbcjkb! esv|uwb! ublp! eb! tf! j{sbwobkv! qp! kb•joj! tb! esvhjn! esv|uwjnb! j! eb! tf! jtupwsfnfop! qsjqsfnf! {b! qpuqvop! jtlpsj|~fxf!{bexf!qb|f/! ! 749/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sb{wpeojl!{b!nbujdf@! 749/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!sb{wpeojl!{b!nbujdf@! Sb{wpeojl! {b! nbujdf! kf! lp|ojdb! qpmp|lb-! j{efrfob! qsfhsbebnb! ob! wj|f! efmpwb-! v! lpkf! tf! tnf|ub! 4! ep! 6! tuboebseoji! sbnpwb/! V! ublwpn! sb{wpeojlv! npaf! eb! qsf{jnj! upmjlp! nbujdb! lpmjlp! kf! pefrfxb! v! xfnv/! Qptmf-! lbeb! nbujdb! qpmpaj! kbkb-! ptjspufmj! wf|ub•lj! spk! tf! qsjqpkj! tvtfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv-! ublp! |up! tf! vlmpoj! qsfhsbeb! j! ublp! tf! epcjkb! opwp! kblp! esv|uwp! lpkf! npaf! nbltjnbmop! eb! jtlpsjtuj! p•fljwbov!qb|v/! ! ! ! ! !

279


WJJJ/!!\ufup•jof!!nfepoptoji!!q•fmb!!j!! \ufup•jof!!nfepoptoji!!q•fmb!!j!! sf{fswj!!isbof!!{b!!q•fmf! sf{fswj!!isbof!!{b!!q•fmf ! 74:/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!obkwf~pn!|ufup•jopn!{b!q•fmf@! 74:/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!obkwf~pn!|ufup•jopn!{b!q•fmf@ Obkwf~b!|ufup•job!{b!q•fmf!npaf!eb!cvef!q•fmbs!lpkj!of! qp{obkf!ptopwob!tubxb!j!qsjodjqf!v!q•fmbstuwv/![b!vqp{obwbxf! qsbwjmb! {b! sbe! v! q•fmjxblv! ojtv! epwproj! tbnp! sb{hpwpsj! tb! esvhjn! q•fmbsjnb-! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! •jub! tqfdjkbmj{jsbob! mjufsbuvsb!tb!lpkpn!twblj!q•fmbs!usfcb!eb!sbtqpmbaf!v!epnb~pk! cjcmjpufdj!j!eb!kf!jtlpsjtuj!{b!tusv•op!vtbws|bwbxf/!! ! 751/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!q•fmb!tv!qp{obuf!j{!lmbtf!pqoplsjmbdb@! 751/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!q•fmb!tv!qp{obuf!j{!lmbtf!pqoplsjmbdb@! Pe! pqoplsjmbdb-! |ufup•jof! {b! q•fmf! tv! nsbwj-! tus|rfopwj-!q•fmjxj!wvl!j!q•fmf!j{wjeojdf!lpkf!lsbev!nfe!j{! lp|ojdb!)wjej!qjubxf!753!.–!755*/!!! ! 752/!Lpkj!pqoplsjmdj!tv!cf{pqbtoj!{b!q•fmf@! 752/!Lpkj!pqoplsjmdj!tv!cf{pqbtoj!{b!q•fmf@ Pe!pqoplsjmbdb!{b!q•fmf!ojtv!|ufuoj;!qpkfejob•of!q•fmf! j! {fnof! q•fmf/! Pof! jnbkv! wfmjlj! {ob•bk! {b! pqs|jwbxf! cjrblb/! Qptfcop! tv! lpsjtof! {fnof! q•fmf! )wjej! qjubxf! 765*-! lpkf! jnbkv! evhv! tvsmjdv! j! nphv! eb! jtlpsjtuf! oflubs! lpkj! tf!obmb{j!!evcplp!v!dwfuojn!oflubsjkbnb!)lpkj! kf! ofeptuvqbo! {b! q•fmf*! j! {bup! epqsjoptf! xjipwpn!pqsb|jwbxv/!! ! 753/! Lblp! q•fmbs! usfcb! eb! •vwb! q•fmf! pe! nsbwb@! nsbwb@! Tsf~f! tf! wj|f! pe! 211! wstub! nsbwb! pe! lpkji!tf!tnbusbkv!|ufup•jobnb!dswfoj!|vntlj-! pcj•bo-! nsbw! tb! eswfub! j! epnb~j! )gbsbpo*! nsbw/! Xjipwj! nsbwjxbdj! usfcb! eb! tf! voj|ubwbkv!lbeb!tf!ob}v!cmj{v!q•fmjxblb!j!eb! tf!qsfev{jnbkv!nfsf!eb!uj!jotfluj!of!epqbeov! Tm/!91!

280


v! lp|ojdv/! Kp|! lpe! sbtqpsfeb! ob! q•fmjxblv! j! qsj! npoujsbxv! qptuprb!{b!lp|ojdf!usfcb!eb!tf!pcf{cfej!{b|ujub!pe!nsbwb/!V! upn! djrv! qpe! ophf! qptuprb! j! qbwjrpob! qptubwrbkv! tf! tvepwj! obqvxfoj! tb! vrfn-! obgupn-! sb{sf}fojn! lbusbopn-! lbscpmpn! j! es/! Nfsefwjof! qsfe! qsfwp{ojn! tsfetuwpn! jtup! of! usfcb! eb! tf! ptmbxbkv!ejsfluop!ob!{fnrv-!{bup!|up!qsflp!xji!nsbwj!nphv!eb! v}v!v!qsfwp{op!tsfetuwp!)tm/!91*/!! ! 754/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!ptus|rfov@! 754/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!ptus|rfov@! Tus|rfo! )Wftqb! dsbcsp*! kf! obkwf~b! ptb/! Eptujaf! evajov! 46! nn/! Qsbwj! hof{ep! evhp! 71! dn/! j! qsf•ojlb! ep! 41! dn/lpkf! qptubwrb! qpe! lspw! eswfoji! hsb}fwjob! b! •ftup! j! v! qsb{of! lp|ojdf/! Isboj! mbswf! tb! jotflujnb-! vlrv•vkv~j! j! q•fmv/! Qsj! qsfhmfev!lp|ojdb!kbwrb!tf!lbp!es{bl!mpqpw!j!mpwj!q•fmf!•bl!j! v!qsjtvtuwv!q•fmbsb/!Fup!{b|up!kf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!sv|f!hof{eb! tus|rfopwb!b!poj!eb!tf!mpwf!uf•ojn!nbndjnb!.!–! twfumjn!qjwpn! jmj! nbmp! {btmb}fojn! tjs~fupn/! Tve! tb! nbndfn! tf! qsjqsfnj! ob! tmfef~j!ob•jo;!lsp{!{buwbsb•!tveb!tf!qspwv•f!dfw•jdb!qsf•ojlb! 23! .–! 26! nn/! ob! evcjov! pe! 22! dn/! b! eb! dfw•jdb! of! wjsj! j{! {buwbsb•b/!Uf•optu!nbndb!tf!obmjwb!ep!6!dn/!wjtjof/!Epxj!lsbk! dfw•jdf! usfcb! eb! cvef! obknbxf! 7! dn/! j{obe! ojwpb! uf•optuj/! V! nbndv! of! usfcb! eb!jnb!nfeb-!|f~fsoph!tjsvqb!jmj!ubnoph! qjwb/! Esvhj! ob•jo! {b! voj|ubwbxf! tus|rfopwb! kf! eb! jn! tf! hof{ep! qptqf! qsb|lpn! jotflujdjepn/! Ubeb! ~f! twj! eb! vhjov/!!! ! 755/! Lblwv! |ufuv! q•fmbnb! oboptj! q•fmjxj!wvl@! q•fmjxj!wvl@! Q•fmjxj!wvl!jmj!gjmbou!)Qijmbouvt! usjbohvmvn*! tf! peoptj! lbp! qpspejdb! Sjkv~f!ptf/!Isboj!tf!oflubspn!j{!dwfupwb-! bmj! ofhvkf! mbswf! jotflujnb-! obk•f|~f! Tm/!92!

281


q•fmbnb/! Afolb! lpkb! eptujaf! evajov! 27! nn/! jtlpqb! v! tvwpk! {fnrj! evqrv! evhv! wj|f! pe! 1-6! n/! •jkj! kf! lsbk! qsp|jsfo! {b! qpmbhbxf! kbkb! j! mbswj/! Mbswf! isboj! epofujn! q•fmbnb! lpkf! qsf! uphb! qbsbmj{vkf! vcbebxfn! v! hsveof! hbohmjkf! )ofswoj! •wps*/! V! qbsbmj{pwbov!q•fmv!qpmpaj!kbkf!j{!lphb!tf!{b!6!.–! 7!ebob!j{mfaf! mbswb/! Mbswb! tf! isboj! nfljn! efmpwjnb! q•fmf! j! up! 4! .–! 7! q•fmb/! Qp|up!qpkfef!uv!lpmj•jov!isbof!pob!pcsb{vkf!•bvsv!v!wjev!lbqj-! lpkb! kf! qsj•ws|~fob! tb! ubolpn! ojuj! {b! {je! evqrf/! Dfp! qspdft! sb{wpkb!lpkj!qp•jxf!qpmbhbxfn!kbkb!usbkf!21!.–! 22!nftfdj/!Afolf! ajwf! 4! nftfdb! b! nv|lj! vhjov! qptmf! pqmp}fxb/! Q•fmjxj! wvl! kf! nophp! pqbtob! |ufup•job! {b! q•fmf-! wj|f! pe! cjmp!lpkf! qujdf/! Po! twblpeofwop!voj|ubwb!oflpmjlp!eftfujob!q•fmb!)tm/!92*/! ! 756/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!{fnof!q•fmf@! 756/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!{fnof!q•fmf@ V!lp|ojdj!nphv!eb!tf!tsfuov!cb|ufotlb-!qprtlb-!j{!tufob! j! esvhf! {fnof! q•fmf/! Pof! epmb{f! v! lp|ojdv! eb! tf! obisbof! nfepn/!Q•fmf!ji!pcj•op!vcjkbkv!j!sfulp!lpkb!{fnob!q•fmb!vtqf!eb! tf!obtjtb!nfeb/![fnof!q•fmf!tf!of!tnbusbkv!|ufup•jopn!q•fmb!j! of! usfcb! eb! tf! voj|ubwbkv-! {bup! |up! tv! pemj•oj! pqsb|jwb•j! dswfof!efufmjof/!! ! 757/!Lbeb!qbvdj!qsj•jxbwbkv!|ufuv!q•fmbnb@! 757/!Lbeb!qbvdj!qsj•jxbwbkv!|ufuv!q•fmbnb@! Qbvdj! nphv! eb! oboftv! wfmjlv! |ufuv! q•fmbnb! tbnp! ob! nftujnb! hef! tv! tf! obnopajmj! v! wfmjlpn! cspkv/! Poj! mpwf! q•fmf! tbnp! tmv•bkop/! V! jtusbajwbxv! kf! vuws}fop! eb! qbvl! lstub|! )Bsbofvt!ejbefnbuvt*!viwbuj!{b!:!ebob!78! q•fmb! j! up! pof! lpkf! tv! tbnf! vqbmf! v! qbv•jov/! Pcj•op! qbvdj! voj|uf! of! wj|f! pe!6!q•fmb!{b!kfeov!tfenjdv/!Qmfo!mpwj!v! tlplv/! Qbvlf! j! qbv•jov! v! q•fmjxblv! j! cmj{v!xfhb!!usfcb!voj|ubwbuj!)tm/!93*/! ! ! Tm/!93! !

282


758/!Qptupkj!mj!blbs!)lsqfr*!lpkj!epoptj!lpsjtu!q•fmbnb@! 758/!Qptupkj!mj!blbs!)lsqfr*!lpkj!epoptj!lpsjtu!q•fmbnb@! [b! q•fmf! kf! lpsjtubo! blbs! ! Difvmfufvt! fsvejuvt-! lpkj! tf! isboj! esvhjn! wstubnb! blbsb-! tfoplptdjnb! j! esvhjn! tjuojn! jotflujnb/! Asuwv! iwbub! twpkjn! kbljn! ophbnb! )qfejqbmqj*! qptmf! •fhb!kf!qspcpef!j!jtjtb/V!uplv!ebob!voj|uj!5!ep–!6!|ufuoji!blbsb! {b! q•fmf/! Pwb! wstub! tf! qp{obkf! qp! ujqj•opk! p{obdj! ob! hmbwj! v! pcmjlv!wfmjlph!tmpwb!N/!Usfcb!eb!tf!{b|ujuj!pe!voj|ubwbxb/! ! 759/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf@! 759/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tv!pqbtof!{b!q•fmf@! Pe! blbsb-! {b! q•fmf! tv! pqbtoj;! Bdbsbqjt! xppej! )wjej! qjubxf! 846*! lpkj! kf! qbsb{ju! v! usbifkbnb! q•fmf-! Qfejdvmpjeft! wfousjdptvt! obqbeb! mfhmp-! j! esvhf! wstuf! lpkf! qbsb{jujsbkv! ob! qpws|joj!ufmb!q•fmf/! ! 75:/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tf!isbof!qpmfopn@! 75:/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!tf!isbof!qpmfopn@! Tb! cfmbo•fwjobnb! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! v! tb~v-! qpmfopn-! isboj! tf!ewf!wstuf!blbsb!u{w/!epnb~j!blbs!)Hmzdjqibevt!epnftujdvt*!j! csb|ofoj! blbs! )Ujsphmzqivt! gbsjobf*/! Poj! j{esabwbkv! wsmp! wfmjlb! lpmfcbxb! ufnqfsbuvsf! pe! .! 23°T! ep! 56°T/! Qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 6°T! kp|! tf! sb{nopabwbkv/! Pqbsb{jujsbo! qpmfo! jnb!ofqsjkbubo!tmbexjlbwp!hpslj!njsjt!lpkj!ebkf!tflsfu!|up!hb! mv•j!blbs/!Ptjn!uphb!qpmfo!tf!jtqsrb!nsuwjn!blbsjnb-!jtqbmjn! emb•jdbnb! j{! xjipwji! ufmb! j! esvhjn! qspevlujnb! xjipwph! ajwrfxb/! Obqbeovup! tb~f! tb! qpmfopn! tf! qptubwrb! v! kblp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! sbej! •j|~fxb! jmj! )|up! kf! ijhjkfotljkf*! petusbxvkf!tf!j{!lp|ojdf/! ! 761/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Wbsspb!kbdpctpoj 761/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Wbsspb!kbdpctpoj@ Wbsspb!kbdpctpoj@! Pwv!wstuv!blbsb!)spe!!Wbsspb*!pulsjp!kf!Kblpctpo!ob!ptuswv! Kbwj! 2:15/! hpe/! eb! qbsb{jujsb! ob! joejktlpk! q•fmj! ! Wf~! hpejof! 2:75/! vuwsejp! kv! kf! Tbm•folp! v! Qsjnpstljk! pcmbtuj! TTTS! lbp! qbsb{jub! nfepoptof! q•fmf/! J{! B{jkf! kf! qsj! usbotqpsuv! nbujdb! qsfofu! v! Fwspqv-! hef! kf! qswj! qvu! sfhjtuspwbo! 2:78/! hpe/! v!

283


Cvhbstlpk! peblmf! tf! sbtqsptusbojp! v! esvhf! {fnrf/! Sb{wpk! pwf! wstuf!blbsb!qspuj•f!v!mfhmv!)wjej!qjubxf!846*!)tm/!94*/!! !

Tm/!94!

762/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qbqjsopn!mbaopn!|lpsqjpov@! 762/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qbqjsopn!mbaopn!|lpsqjpov@! Qbqjsoj!mbaoj!|lpsqjpo!)Difmjgfs!dbospjeft*!•ftup!npaf! eb! tf! pulsjkf! v! lp|ojdj/! Of! oboptj! |ufuv! q•fmbnb/! Isboj! tf! blbsjnb! )lsqfrjnb*! lpkj! tv! qbsb{juj! ob! ufmv! q•fmb-! jtup! j! mbswbnb! wptlpwph! nprdb/! Jnb! nbmf! puspwof! amf{ef! qptubwrfof!ob!hpsxfn!lsbkv!lrf|ub/!Of!usfcb!eb!tf!voj|ubwb/!

284


V! kfeopk! lp|ojdj! ajwj! pcj•op! 3! ep! 6! joejwjevb! lpkf! kf! of! obqv|ubkv/! ! 763/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!q•fmjxpk!wb|j@! 763/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!q•fmjxpk!wb|j@! Q•fmjxb! wb|! )Csbvmb! dpfdb*tqbeb! v! lmbtv! ewplsjmbdb/! Tubsp! tiwbubxf! eb! vpq|uf! ofnb! p•j! ojkf! ub•op/! Pob! jnb! tbnp! qsptuf! p•j/! Qptmf! qbsfxb! afolb! qpmpaj! kbkb! pwbmoph! pcmjlb! v! qpmv{buwpsfof!~fmjkf!tb!nfepn/!J{!xji!tf!j{mfhv!mbswf!evhf!1-9! nn/! lpkf! tbnf! qsphsj{v! qspmb{! v! qplmpqdjnb! ~fmjkb/! Q•fmbs! npaf! eb! pulsjkf! uf! qspmb{f! qp! cfmjn! lpo•btujn! jwjdbnb/! Lbtojkf!mbswf!qsfmb{f!v!mvulv/!Sb{wpk!jn!usbkf!32!ebo/!Q•fmjxb! wb|!ojkf!qbsb{ju!q•fmf-!bmj!tb!twpkpn!qplsfurjwp|~v!kf!qmb|j! j!j{b{jwb!oftqplpktuwp!nbujdf/!Jnb!mj{bkv~f!vtjtbwbkv~j!bqbsbu! tb!tlsjwfojn!nbmjn!kf{jlpn/!Isboj!tf!nmf•pn!qsf!twfhb!pojn!tb! lpkjn!q•fmf!isbof!nbujdv-!lbp!j!tb!isborjwpn!lb|pn!pesf}fopn! {b!jtisbov!q•fmjxji!mbswj/!)tm/!95*!B!j!C!wbspb-!W!q•fmjxb!wb|/!

Tm/!95! !

285


764/!Lpmjlp!q•fmjxji!wb|j!npaf!jtupwsfnfop!eb!tf!obtfmj!ob! 764/!Lpmjlp!q•fmjxji!wb|j!npaf!jtupwsfnfop!eb!tf!obtfmj!ob! ufmv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!jmj!ob!nbujdj@!! ufmv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!jmj!ob!nbujdj@ _ftup!ob!ufmv!kfeof!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!npaf!eb!tf!ob}f!41!!.! 61! q•fmjxji! wb|j/! Kp|! wf~j! cspk! npaf! eb! tf! obtfmj! ob! ufmp! nbujdf! j! eb! kf! v{ofnjsbwb-! {bup! |up! sbtqpsf}fof! ob! xpk! mblp! epcjkv!nmf•/![bcfmfafo!kf!tmv•bk!lbeb!tv!ob!ufmv!nbujdf!ob}fof! 298!wb|j/!!! ! 765/! V! lpn! tmv•bkv! q•fmjxb! wb|! of! obmb{j! qphpeov! tsfejov! {b! twpk!sb{wpk@! twpk!sb{wpk@! Q•fmjxf! wb|j! lpkf! ! tv! cjmf! qsfofuf! tb! q•fmbnb! v! TBE! vhjovmf! tv! penbi! •jn! tv! ep|mf! v! lpoublu! tb! nftojn! q•fmbnb/! Jtup! tf! ef|bwbmp! j! lpe! qsfop|fxb! q•fmb! j{! TBE! v! Fwspqv/! Ebobt! kf! qsfop|fxf! q•fmb! j{! Fwspqf! v! TBE! j! pcsbuop! tusphp! {bcsbxfop/!! ! 766/! Lblwf! qsfwfoujwof! nfsf! usfcb! qsjnfojuj! v! cpscj! tb! q•fmjxpn!wb|j@!! q•fmjxpn!wb|j@!! [b!vtqf|ov!cpscv!qspujw!q•fmjxf!wb|j!ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf! v!qspmf~f!tb~f!puwpsj!j!eb!tf!pofnphv~j!sb{wpk!mbswj!wb|j-!lpkf! tf!sb{wvkbkv!qpe!qplmpqdjnb!~fmjkb!tb!nfepn/!! ! 767/!Lblp!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!q•fmjxf!wb|j@! 767/!Lblp!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!q•fmjxf!wb|j@! Pesbtmf! joejwjevf! nphv! eb! tf! voj|ubwbkv! nfiboj•lj-! qpnp~v! eswdfub! |jcjdf! qpupqrfoph! v! hvtu! nfe! ob! lpkf! tf! wb|! {bmfqj/! Up! nf}vujn! {biufwb! nophp! wsfnfob/! Fgjlbtop! kf! ejnrfxf! dfmph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! evwbotljn! ejnpn! jmj! pehpwbsbkv~jn! ifnjktljn! tsfetuwjnb! )oqs/! obgubmjo-! lbngps-! ujnpm-! gfopujkb{jo*/! Qsf! ejnrfxb! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! ob! eop! lp|ojdf! qptubwj! mjtu! qbqjsb! ob! ljkj! ~f! qbtuj! qbsbmj{pwbof! wb|j/!Qptmf!uphb!pof!tf!tqbmf!{bkfeop!tb!ibsujkpn/![b!kfebo!ebo! )j! op~*! kf! epwprop! 4! .–! 6! hs/! lbngpsb! jmj! 21! .! –31! hs/! ujnpmb/! Vqjkb~b!ibsujkb!jmj!qsbnfo!wbuf!tf!obwmbaj!ujnpmpn!j!ptubwj!v! lp|ojdv!ep!jtqbsbwbxb/!!!

286


! 768/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wptlpwpn!nprdv@!! 768/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wptlpwpn!nprdv@ Wfmjlj! wptlpw! nprbd! )Hbmmfsjb! nfmmpofmmb*! kf! obkqp{obujkb! |ufup•job! lpe! q•fmb/! Afolb! qpmpaj! ob! tb~f! tbtwjn! tjuob! av~lbtub! kbkb! lpkb! mj•f! ob! {sodb! hsj{b/! Qptmf! 6! ebob! j{! kbkb! tf! j{mfhv!mbswf!)hvtfojdf*!lpkf!eptujhov!evajov!plp!4!dn/!ep!tubxb! mvulf/!Pof!tv!qspaesrjwf!j!isbof!tf!q•fmjxjn!wptlpn-!obkqsf! tb! tubsjn! tb~fn! v! lpnf! jnb! qpmfob/! V! tubejkvnv! mbswf! )hvtfojdf*!qplpmfxf!pe!kfeof!hvtfojdf!npaf!eb!voj|uj!)qpkfef*! 1-6! lh/! tb~b! pe! lpkji! ptubkv! tbnp! efmpwj! tb~b! vqsrboj! dsojn! djmjoesj•ojn! j{mv•fwjobnb/! Mvulf! tv! sbtqpsf}fof! kfeob! ep! esvhf! v! cfmjn! •bvsbnb! v! lpkjnb! tf! qsfpcsbabwbkv! v! pesbtmph! jotflub/! J{mfafo! j{! •bvsf-! mfqujs! of! v{jnb! isbov! j! qptmf! lsbulph! wsfnfob! tf! pqmpej/! Qptmf! qpmbhbxb! kbkb! ajwj! tbnp! ob! sb•vo! sf{fswj! isbof! v! ufmv/! Pcj•op! {b! 21! ebob! vhjof/! Nvakbl! ajwj!oflpmjlp!ebob!evaf!pe!afolf!j!po!kf!tjubo/!Ptjn!wfmjlph! wptlpwph! nprdb! wfmjlv! |ufuv! oboptj! j! nbmj! wptlpw! nprbd! )Bdispfb! hsjtfmmb*! lpkj! kf! wsmp! tjubo/! Ajwj! pcj•op! ob! kvaopk! tusboj! tbub/! Mbswf! )hvtfojdf*! tv! wsmp! ajwbiof! j! lpe! vebsbxb! oflpmjlp!qvub!svlpn!qp!sbnv!cs{p!obqv|ubkv!tb~f!)tm/!96*/!!

!

Tm/!96!

287


769/!Lblwb!kf!qptupkboptu!wptlpwph!nprdb!qsj!sb{mj•jujn! ufnqfsbuvsbnb@! ufnqfsbuvsbnb@! Sb{wpk! wptlpwph! nprdb! {bwjtj! of! tbnp! pe! isbof! wf~! j! pe! ufnqfsbuvsf! plpmjof/! Sf{vmubuj! qspwfefoji! jtqjujwbxb! tv! qplb{bmj! eb! qsj! obkqpwprojkpk! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 41! ep! 43°T! qvoj! djlmvt! sb{wpkb! usbkf! 58! ebob! )kbkf! {sj! 9! ebob-!mbswb! 41-! mvulb! :! ebob*/! Lpe! 31°T! qspdft! tf! qspevavkf! )vtqpsbwb*-! b! lpe! ufnqfsbuvsf! pe! 21°T! j! ojaf! qsftubkf! qpuqvop/! V! lp|ojdj! qsf{jnf! tbnp! mbswf! )qpoflbe! j! mvulf*-! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! v! vlp•fopn! tubxv/! Qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 1°T! j! ojapk! j! lpe! 51°T! j! wj|f-!wptlpw!nprbd!vhjof!v!twjn!tubejkjnb!sb{wpkb/!! ! 76:/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sbtqp{obkf!afolb!pe!nvakblb!wptlpwph!nprdb@!! 76:/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sbtqp{obkf!afolb!pe!nvakblb!wptlpwph!nprdb@ Afolb! mfqujsb! kf! tb! wfmjljn! boufobnb-! wfmjlph! ufmb! j! njsob! kf/! Pcj•op! njsvkf! tb! tlvqrfojn! lsjmjnb! j! jnb! qplsfuov! nbufsjdv/! ! 771/!Qp!•fnv!tf!qp{obkf!eb!mj!v!tb~v!jnb!wptlpwph!nprdb@! 771/!Qp!•fnv!tf!qp{obkf!eb!mj!v!tb~v!jnb!wptlpwph!nprdb@! Penbi! qptmf! j{mfhbxb! mbswf! )hvtfojdf*! tv! nophp! qspaesrjwf!j!sb{wjkbkv!tf!cs{p!ublp!eb!npaf!eb!tf!eftj!eb!ji!v! qp•fuopn!tubejkvnv!q•fmbs!j!of!{bqb{j/![obdj!eb!ji!jnb!v!tb~v! tv!dsof!j{mv•fwjof!lpkf!tf!{bqbabkv!v!~fmjkbnb/!! ! 772/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cjpmp|lpk!cpscj!tb!wptlpwjn!nprdfn@!! 772/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cjpmp|lpk!cpscj!tb!wptlpwjn!nprdfn@ Obv•ojdj! j{! sb{oji! {fnbrb! sbef! ob! tuwbsbxv! cjpmp|lji! nfupeb! {b! cpscv! qspujw! wptlpwph! nprdb/! V! gsbodvtlpn! •btpqjtv! ″Boobmft! ef! ! m! bcfjmmf″! ! kf! pckbwrfop! tbpq|ufxf! {b! lpsj|~fxf! njlsppshboj{bnb! ! Cbdjmmvt! uivsjohjfotjt! {b! {b|ujuv! pe!wptlpwph!nprdb/!Pwbk!cbdjm!ojkf!|ufubo!{b!q•fmf!oj!v!kfeopn! tubejkvnv! xjipwph! sb{wpkb/! ! Sbej! uphb! ebobt! tf! qspwpef! pqjuj!! {b!nf|bxf!tb!wptlpn-!pesf}fojn!{b!qspj{wpexv!tbuoji!ptopwb-! tqpsb! qpnfovuph! cbdjmb/! Mbswf! wptlpwph! nprdb! vhjov! penbi! qptmf! lpoublub! tb! ublwjn! wptlpn! )blujwop! efktuwp! nv! usbkf! 7! nftfdj*/! Ofpqipeop! kf! tbnp! eb! tf! vuwsej! eb! mj! tv! sbtipej!

288


qpwf{boj! tb! pcsbepn! wptlb! tb! tqpsbnb! cbdjmb! sfoubcjmoj/! Ws|f! tf! j! vtqf|oj! phmfej! {b! lpsj|~fxf! kfeop~fmjktlji! qbsb{jub!v!cpscj!qspujw!mbswj!wptlpwph!nprdb/! ! 773/! Lblwj! qsfqbsbuj! tf! lpsjtuf! v! cpscj! qspujw! wptlpwph! nprdb@! nprdb@! Q•fmjxf!tb~f!tf!pcsb}vkf!tb!tvnqpspltjepn!lpkj!tf!epcjkb! lpe! tbhpsfwbxb! tvnqpsoji! usblb/! Pwbk! ob•jo! jnb! nophp! ofeptubublb;!tb~f!usfcb!eb!tf!ejnj!ewb!qvub!v!joufswbmv!21!.!–25! ebob-! pe! {bqbrfoph! tvnqpsb! npaf! eb! obtubof! qpabs-! sf{fswf! qpmfob! qptubkv! ofvqpusfcrjwf! {b! lpsj|~fxf! qptmf! ejnrfxb/! Pcsbeb!tb~b!tb!ufioj•lpn!tjs~fuopn!ljtfmjopn!jtup!kf!pqbtob-! {bup!|up!kf!ljtfmjob!puspwob!!j!qplb{vkf!|ufuop!efktuwp!ob!lpav! b! qptfcop! ob! p•j/! Ob! lsbkv! {b! •vwbxf! tb~b! •bl! j! poph! lpkf! tbesaj! nfe! j! qpmfo-! lpsjtujp! tf! ifnjktlj! qsfqbsbu! jowfu/! Qspebkf! tf! v! cp•jdbnb! lpkf! tbesaf! 21! ubcmfub/! Ob•jo! qsjnfof! qsfqbsbub!kf!obqjtbo!ob!qblpwbxv/!Qptmf!ef{jogfldjkf!tb~b!ob! pqjtboj! ob•jo! pop! usfcb! eb! tf! qspwfusj! qsf! tubwrbxb! v! lp|ojdv/!! ! 774/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!mfqujs!nsuwb•lb!hmbwb@! 774/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!mfqujs!nsuwb•lb!hmbwb@! Mfqujs! nsuwb•lb! hmbwb! )Bdifspoujb! buspqpt*! kf! lsvqbo! op~oj!mfqujs!tb!dsojn!lsjmjnb!j!|bspn!ob!hsvejnb!lpkb!mj•j!ob! rvetlv!mpcbxv/!Npaf!eb!tf!pulsjkf!obk•f|~f!ob!qpmfubrdj!jmj! mfuv! lp|ojdf-! blp! jn! kf! cspk! cmj{v! q•fmjxblb! wfmjlj/! Mfuj! vwf•f!j!njsjt!nfeb!hb!qsjwmb•j/!\vnoj!mfu!j!usfqfsfxf!lsjmb! sb{esbavkf! q•fmf! j! pof! hb! obqbebkv/! Blp! nv! tf! eb! nphv~optu! eb! v}f! v! lp|ojdv-! qp•jxf! eb! tjtb! nfe! j{! ~fmjkb/! Kfebo! mfqujs! npaf!pekfeopn!eb!jtjtb!plp!3dn/!lvcob!nfeb/!Pcj•op-!nf}vujn-! q•fmf!hb!obqbebkv!j!vcjkbkv-!qptmf!•fhb!j{optf!nflf!efmpwf!ufmb! wbo!lp|ojdf!b!tlfmfu!nvnjgjdjsbkv!qspqpmjtpn/!\ufub!lpkv!ub! wstub! mfqujsb! oboptj! q•fmbnb! kf! of{obuob-! b! lpe! lp|ojdb! tb! opwpn!lpotusvldjkpn-!ob!xfhb!of!npsb!eb!tf!pcsb~b!qbaxb/!! !

289


775/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!vipmbaj!j!|ufuj!pe!xf@! 775/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!vipmbaj!j!|ufuj!pe!xf@! Afolb! vipmbaf! )|ujqbrlf*! qpmpaj! pcj•op! ewb! qvub! hpej|xf! pe! 31! ep! 91! cmfepavuji! kbkb! ob! tlsjwfopn! nftuv/! V! usbkbxv! 4! ep! 9! ofefrb! ){bwjtop! pe! ufnqfsbuvsf*! j{! xji! tf! j{mfhv! tjwf! joejwjevf-! lpkf! v! dfmjoj! mj•f! pesbtmjnb-! bmj! nbltjlvn!sb{wpkb!eptujav!{b!5!.–! 6!nftfdj/!Pesbtmf!vipmbaf!tf! tblvqrbkv! v! wfmjlf! hsvqf/! Evajob! ajwpub! jn! kf! 9! .–! 21! nftfdj/Pof!tv!op~oj!jotfluj!j!{bup!usbaf!isbov!op~v/!Kfev!twf/! Isbof!tf!qswfotuwfop! cjropn!isbopn!bmj!lbeb!tv!v!nphv~optuj! obqbebkv! tjuof! jotfluf/! V! lp|ojdbnb! kfev! nfe-! qpmfo-! pshbotlf! puqbulf-!vhjovmf!q•fmf!j! •bl!obqbebkv!q•fmf!lpkf! tv!ptubmf!cf{! abplf/! J{mv•fwjobnb! )j{nfupn*! {bqsrbkv! lp|ojdv! j! qsfmb{f~j! j{! kfeof! lp|ojdf! v! esvhv! nphv! eb! cvev! qsfoptojdj! jogfldjkf/! Fup!{b|up!vipmbaf!usfcb!eb!tf!voj|ubwbkv/! ! 776/!Lpkj!tv!ob•joj!{b!voj|ubwbxf!vipmbab@! 776/!Lpkj!tv!ob•joj!{b!voj|ubwbxf!vipmbab@ Vipmbaf! tf! voj|ubwbkv! nfiboj•ljn! lmpqlbnb! v! lpkf! vqbebkv!op~v!lbeb!usbaf!isbov/!Lbp!lmpqlf!nphv!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuf! j{hvawbof! lsqf! v! lpkf! tv! qptubwrfoj! nbndj! pe! obsf{boji! qmpepwb! wp~b-! sfqf! jes/! J{kvusb! tf! vipmbaf! jtusftv! j{! lsqb! v! wsv~v! wpev! hef! vhjov/! Qsfnb! twfutljn! tqfdjkbmjtujnb! obkfgjlbtojkf! tseftuwp! {b! cpscv! qspujw! pwji! |ufup•job! {b!! q•fmf!kf!djolpw!gptgbu!)puspw!{b!nj|fwf*/!Tnf|b!tf!qsjqsfnb! ob!tmfef~j!ob•jo;!v!tve!tb!q|foj•ojn!jmj!lvlvsv{ojn!csb|opn! tjqb! tf! 3! lb|j•jdf! |f~fsb! v! qsbiv/! Qptmf! uphb! tf! epcsp! qspnf|b!j!epeb!tf!wpeb!eb!tf!epcjkf!sfulb!mfqrjwb!lb|b!v!lpkv! tf! epeb! nbmb! lpmj•job! djolpwph! gptgbub! eb! lb|b! epcjkf! tjwlbtuv! ojkbotv/! [b! 36! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! epwprop! kf! eb! tf! qsjqsfnj!2!lh/!tnf|f!lpkb!tf!oboptj!•fulpn!qp!dfmpk!qfsjgfsjkj! epxfh!efmb!lp|ojdf!j!qp!lspwv/!Tnf|b-!nbnbd-!lpkb!ojkf!|ufuob! {b! q•fmf-! ptv|j! tf! ob! lp|ojdj! j! {besabwb! puspwop! efktuwp! v! usbkbxv!pe!2!hpejof/![jnj!obofuj!tmpk!pqbeb!ob!{fnrv!j!poeb!pe! puspwb!vhjxbwbkv!nj|fwj/!! !

290


777/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfopkfev@! 777/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfopkfev@! Tfopkfej! ! )Qtpdpqufsb*! tv! tjuoj! jotfluj! tb! uboljn! nfljn! ufmpn/!Tsf~v!tf!v!tlmbej|ujnb!isborjwji!qspj{wpeb!b!jtup!j!v! nftujnb!hef!kf!ubnop-!upqmp!j!wmbaop/!Kfeop!pe! uji!kf!j!lp|ojdb!v!lpkpk!qsj!qsfhmfev!npaf!eb!tf! ob}f!plp!261!–.!311!tfopkfeb/\ufub!obofub!pe!xji! kf!ojlblwb/!Afolf!qpmbav!kbkb!ob!hpnjmjdbnb!kbkb! wptlpwph! nprdb! lpkf! lbtojkf! mbswf! tfopkfeb! qpkfev/! [cph! uphb! tf! tfopkfe! tnbusb! {b! ofqsjkbufrb! wptlpwph! nprdb! j! {ob•j! {b! lpsjtoph!tubopwojlb!lp|ojdf!)tm/!97*/! Tm/!97! ! 778/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hscbwpk!nvij@! 778/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!hscbwpk!nvij@! Hscbwb! nvib! )Qipsb! jodsbttbub! *! kf! nbmb! nvib! j{! lmbtf! ewplsjmji! jotflbub-! •jkf! mbswf! qbsb{jujsbkv! ob! mbswj! q•fmf/! Mbswb! hscbwf! nvif! qptubwrb! tjuop! mfhmp! v! hmbwv! q•fmjxf! mbswf/!Sf{vmubu!uphb!kf!eb!tf!pob!{bwsuj!hmbwpn!ob!epmf-!qsfnb! eov! ~fmjkf! j! kblp! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! kf! qplmpqj! v! ~fmjkj! v! upn! qpmpabkv/! Qptmf! 4! –.! 5! ebob! mbswb! hscbwf! njif! obqv|ub! twph! epnb~job!j!v!tmfef~fn!tubejkvnv!sb{wpkb!ptubkf!ob!eov!lp|ojdf/! Dfp! djlmvt! sb{wpkb! uph! qbsb{jutlph! jotflub-! lpkj! {bqp•jxf! qpmbhbxfn!kbkb!usbkf!23!ebob/!Obqbeovuf!q•fmjxf!mbswf!tmbcf!j! vhjov-! {bup! |up! of! nphv! eb! tf! plsfov! v! opsnbmbo! qpmpabk/! Ob! qplmpqdv! ~fmjkf! qpkbwrvkf! tf! nbmj! puwps! lbp! lpe! esvhji! {bsb{oji!cpmftuj!mfhmb/!! ! 779/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!hsbcrjwjn!nvibnb!!Ebtzqpepo!ufvupovt 779/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!hsbcrjwjn!nvibnb!!Ebtzqpepo!ufvupovt!j! Ebtzqpepo!ufvupovt!j! Mbqisj! Mbqisj!gmbwbb@ gmbwbb@! Pwj!jotfluj!tv!|jsplp!sbtqsptusbxfoj!j!ofpqipeop!kf!eb! ji! q•fmbs! qp{obkf/! Mbswf! jn! ajwf! obk•f|~f! ob! hsbobnb! eswf~b/! V•bvsf! tf! v! qmjuljn! |vqrjobnb! lpsf! lpkf! j{evcf! tbnf/! Mfuf! cs{p!j!iwbubkv!q•fmf!v!mfuv/!J{!vtoph!bqbsbub!jn!tf!mv•j!tflsfu-! lpkj! efmvkf! ob! asuwv! lbp! ofswopqbsbmjuj•lj! puspw/! [cph! uphb!

291


nphv! eb! iwbubkv! ajwf! jotfluf! j! lsvqof! lbp! cvncbsj/! Kfejoj! ob•jo!xjipwph!voj|ubwbxb!kf!iwbubxf!nsfabnb!{b!jotfluf/!! ! 77:/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!tupophf!q•fmbnb@! 77:/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!tupophf!q•fmbnb@! Tupophf! nphv! eb! tf! ob}v! ob! wmbaopn! eov! jmj! v! usvmjn! qvlpujobnb! tubsji! lp|ojdb/! Of! oboptf! |ufuv! q•fmbnb! j! ojtv! pqbtof! {b! q•fmbsb-! bmj! kf! tbnp! xjipwp! qsjtvtuwp! v! lp|ojdj! ofqsjkbuop/!Cpscb!qspujw!xji!usbaj!eb!tf!esaj!•jtup~b!j!eb!tf! of!ep{wpmj!pcsb{pwbxf!wmbhf!v!lp|ojdj/!! ! 781/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!jotflujnb!j{!qpspejdf!vkfebkv~ji!nsbwb@!! 781/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!jotflujnb!j{!qpspejdf!vkfebkv~ji!nsbwb@ Nsbwj! lpkj! vkfebkv! )qp{obuj! kp|! lbp! q•fmjxj! nsbwj*! mj•f! ob!nsbwf!bmj!tv!wfmjlj/!Ofnbkv!sb|•mbxfof!boufof!b!lpe!afolj! ofnb!qsptuji!p•jkv!j!lsjmb/!Pesbtmj!jotfluj!pebkv!tqfdjgj•bo! {wvl-! wjtplph! upob! tmj•op! wjpmjoj/! V! qspmf~f! vkfebkv~j! nsbwj! vmb{f! v! lp|ojdv-! qsj! •fnv! q•fmf! qplv|bwbkv! eb! ji! voj|uf-! bmj! abplpn! of! nphv! eb! jn! qspcjkv! uwse! ijujotlj! pnpub•! ob! ufmv/! V! upnf!nsbwj!vcjkbkv!q•fmf-!vcbebkv~j!ji-!qptmf!•fhb!ep}v!ep!mfhmb! j! qpmpaf! kbkb! qpe! qplmpqdf! ~fmjkb/! Lbeb! tf! j{mfhv! mbswf-! obqbebkv!q•fmjxf!mbswf-!qspejsv!jn!v!ufmp!j!isbof!tf!xjnb/!Pe! mvulf!vkfebkv~fh!nsbwb!j{mfaf!tf!afolb-!lpkb!qptmf!pqmp}fxb!tb! nvakblpn-! qpmpaj! kbkb! ob! q•fmjxf! mfhmp/! Pesbtmf! afolf! tf! isbof!nfepn!j!obqbebkv~j!nmbef!q•fmf-!voj|ubwbkv!ji!v!usbkbxv! 8!.–! 31!njo/!eb!cj!jtjtbmf!qptmf!uphb!tflsfu!j{!aesfmof!amf{ef/! Lsjmbuj! nvakbl! qptmf! qbsfxb! obqv|ub! lp|ojdv! j! isboj! tf! oflubspn!j!qpmfopn/!Evajob!afolf!pe!wstuf!!Nvujmmb!fvspqfb!kf! 21! –.! 37! nn/! b! pe! wstuf! ! Nvujmmb! nbshjobub! 21! –.! 27! nn/! Vkfebkv~j! nsbwj! voj|ubwbkv! v! lp|ojdj! pe! 2:! –.! 41! nmbeji! q•fmb-! b! ptjn! uphb!obsv|bwbkv!ajwpuov!blujwoptu!nbujdf-!j!lbp!sf{vmubu!uphb! pob! qp•jxf! ofsbwopnfsop! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb/! Eb! tf! of! cj! pwj! jotfluj!ob|mj!v!lp|ojdj-!ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!qpe!ophf!qptuprb! qptubwf! tvepwj! tb! obgupn! jmj! vrfn! b! plp! xji! eb! tf! obtqf! qfqfp/!! !

292


782/!Eb!mj!tv!pqbtoj!pcbej!{b!q•fmf@! 782/!Eb!mj!tv!pqbtoj!pcbej!{b!q•fmf@! Jnb! oflpmjlp! eftfujob! wstub! pcbeb-! bmj! tb! tubopwj|ub! q•fmbstuwb! {btmvavkf! qbaxv! wstub! ! Ubcbovt!cpwjovt/! Eptujaf! evajov!27!–.!31!nn/!Lsjmb!tv!nv!qsp{sb•ob!cf{!ajmjdb/!Isboj!tf! lswrv! lj•nfxblb-! oflubspn! j! nferjlpn/! Obqbeb! q•fmf! v!mfuv! j!optj!ji!jtqpe!ufmb!eb!cj!jn!jtjtbp!tbesabk!nfeoph!nfivsb/![b! ebo!vmpwj!6!.–! 21!j{mfuojdb/!Pcbej!tf!mpwf!nsfajdpn!{b!jotfluf! j!usfcb!eb!tf!voj|ubwbkv!lbeb!tf!qpkbwf!ob!{jepwjnb!lp|ojdb/!! ! 783/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!wpefoj!lpxjd@! 783/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!q•fmbnb!wpefoj!lpxjd@ Wpefoj! lpxjd! kf! kfebo! pe! obkcprji! mfub•b! nf}v! jotflujnb/!Po!kf!ujqj•bo!hsbcrjwbd!tb!nophp!epcsp!sb{wjkfojn! vhsj{bkv~jn! vtojn! bqbsbupn/! Isboj! tf! qswfotuwfop! nvibnb-! lpnbsdjnb-! wpefojn! dwfupn! b! qpoflbe! j! q•fmbnb/! [bup! |up! kf! lpsjtubo! jotflu! of! usfcb! eb! tf! voj|ubwb! j! eb! tf! tnbusb! |ufup•jopn!{b!q•fmf/! ! 784/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsb{juopk!nvij@! 784/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsb{juopk!nvij@! Qbsb{juob! nvib! tqbeb! v! qpspejdv! kfafwlj! )Ubdijojebd*/! Ubk! jotflbu! kf! tmj•bo! epnb~pk!nvij-!bmj!tb!kblp!j{sbaf!! opn!tjwpn!ep!dsopn!cpkpn!emb•jdb!lpkf! qplsjwbkv! ufmp/! Ptjn! uphb! j{nf}v! tmpafoji! )gbtfuoji*! p•jkv! jnb! kblp! j{sbafop! cfmp! qprf/! Obksbtqsptusbxfojkb! wstub!! Tfopubjojkb! ! usjdvtqjt! kf! ajwpsb}bkv~b! j! v! mfuv! qsjmfqj! ob! hsvej! q•fmf! pe! 351! .–! 731! nbmji! mbswj! lpkf! qsphsj{bkv! hsveof! jmj! uscv|of! nvtlvmf! j! qbsb{jujsbkv! v! xjnb/! Sb{wpk! mbswf! usbkf! 9! –.! 21! ebob/! Qptmf! uphb! q•fmb!vhjof!b!mbswb!nvif!qsfmb{j!v!mvulv!ob! {fnrj/! Qptmf! 26! ebob! j{mfaf! tf! pesbtmj! jotflbu! )jnbhp*/! Qsj! joufo{jwopn! Tm/!98! sb{nopabwbxv! qbsb{juof! nvif! nphv! eb!

293


oboftv! wfmjlv! |ufuv! q•fmbnb! j{mfuojdbnb/! Qp|up! wpmj! eb! tmf~f! ob! cfmp! pcpkfof! qpws|jof! qphpeop! kf! eb! tf! mpwj! v! cfmjn! tvepwjnb!obqvxfojn!wpepn!v!lpkpk!vhjov/!)Tm/!98*!qbsb{juob!nvib! j!xfob!hmbwb/!! ! 785/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!cvncbsjnb!uslb•jnb@! 85/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!cvncbsjnb!uslb•jnb@! Cvncbsj! uslb•j! tv! wfmjlj! ubnop! pcpkfoj! cvncbsj! lpkj! tf! isbof! jotflujnb/! Mpwf! qmfo! vwf•f-! qpoflbe! iwbubkv! j! q•fmf/! Wstub! )Dbsbcvt! vspojufot*! kf! evajof! 31! .–! 38! nn/! tb! mfqjn! {mbubtup! {fmfojn! fmjusjnb! )obelsjmjnb-! •wstujn! lsjmjnb*/! Hvtfoj•bs! )Dbmptpnb!tzdpqiboub*kf! evh! 36! .–! 41! nn/! j! fmjusj! nv! qsfmb{f! jwjdf/! Cvncbsj! uslb•j! tv! nophp! lpsjtoj! lblp! {b! qprf! ublp! j! {b! |vnf-! {bup! |up! voj|ubwbkv! wfmjlj! cspk! |ufuoji! jotflbub-!b!|ufub!pe!xji!v!peoptv!ob!q•fmf!kf!cf{ob•bkob/! ! 786/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!pcj•opk!{mbujdj@ 786/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!pcj•opk!{mbujdj@! !kf!qp{obup!p!pcj•opk!{mbujdj@ Pcj•ob! {mbujdb! )Dbsbcvt! bvsbub*! kf! wstub! cvncbsb! tb! mfqjn! nfubmop! {fmfojn! fmjusjnb/! V! lp|ojdv! epmf~f! tmv•bkop-! qsjwv•fob! njsjtpn! nfeb/! [bup! |up! ob! tjmv! vmb{j! v! vmjdf! lp|ojdf-!vtqvu!sb{sv|j!qplmpqdf!~fmjkb!tb!nfepn!j!{buwpsfojn! mfhmpn/!Sb{esbafof!q•fmf!kf!vcpev!j!•ftup!v!lp|ojdj!nphv!eb!tf! ob}v! ufmb! vhjovmf! {mbujdf-! qsjmfqrfob! {b! tb~f/! Pwb! wstub! cvncbsb! of! oboptj! |ufuv! q•fmbnb! j! {bup! ojkf! ofpqipeop! eb! tf! qsfev{jnbkv!nfsf!{b|ujuf!pe!xfhb/!! ! 787/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!lpspkfev@! 787/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!lpspkfev@! Lpspkfe!kf!tjubo!avuplbgfo!ep!tjwplbgfo!cvncbs!evajof! 2! –.! 5! nn/! j! lpo•btujn! boufobnb/! Qp! fmjusjnb! )obelsjmjnb*! jnb! qspevafof! ub•lbtuf! mjojkf/! [ob•bk! {b! q•fmbstuwp! jnb! wstub!! Qujovt!gvs!!j!Qujovt!sbqups!-!lpkj!tv!ujqj•oj!tubopwojdj!qsrbwji! lp|ojdb/!Qpwsf}vkv!tb~f!tb!qpmfopn-!tubsp!tb~f-!b!jtup!j!tmbnv-! ufltujmov! j{pmbdjkv! j! eswp! lp|ojdf/! Pcjmov! isbov! obmb{j! v! pshbotljn! puqbdjnb! ob! eov! lp|ojdf/! Mbswf! tv! nv! tmj•of! mbswbnb!nbktlph!cvncbsb-!bmj!tv!tjuojkf/!Eptujav!evajov!6!nn/!

294


[b! {b|ujuv! q•fmb! usfcb! eb! tf! pesabwb! •jtup~b! lp|ojdf! j! tlmbej|ub/!! ! 788/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj! pcj•oj!lpapkfe!q•fmbnb! j! lblp!usfcb! eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!t!xjn@! eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!t!xjn@! Pcj•oj! lpapkfe! )Efsnftuft! mbsebsjvt*! kf! ubnop! lbgfo! cvncbs! evajof! 8! .! –! :! nn/! Mbswf! j! pesbtmj! jotfluj! tv! •ftuj! tubopwojdj!lp|ojdf-!q•fmjxblb!j!nftub!hef!jnb!sf{fswj!isbof! {b!q•fmf/!P|uf~vkf!tb~f!tb!qpmfopn!b!jtup!j!tubsp!!qsb{op!tb~f/! Isboj! tf! vhjovmjn! q•fmbnb! j! ptv|fojn! lp|vrjdbnb! mbswj/! Lpapkfe! kf! pqbtbo! qsfoptojl! cpmftuj! mfhmb-! {bup! |up! tv! v! xfhpwjn! j{mv•fwjobnb! vuws}fof! ajwpuop! tqptpcof! tqpsf! cblufsjkf! ! Cbdjmmvt! mbswbf! j{b{jwb•b! bnfsj•lf! usvmfaj/! Tsf~f! tf!v!obqv|ufojn!tlmbej|ujnb-!v!tmbcjn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!j! v! puqbdjnb! {bqsrboji! lp|ojdb/! Lpe! kblph! sb{nopabwbxb! p|uf~vkf! eswp! sbnpwb! b! jtup! j! {jepwf! lp|ojdf! v! lpkjnb! j{evcrvkf! evhf! ipeojlf/! Lpapkfe! tf! voj|ubwb! ejnrfxfn! tvnqpspn! ){bqbmj! tf! tvnqpsob! usblb! v! qsptupsv! hef! tv! tf! qpkbwjmj*/!! ! 789/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj!q•fmbnb!cvncbs!dsob!nbklb@! 789/!Lblwv!|ufuv!oboptj!q•fmbnb!cvncbs!dsob!nbklb@! Mbswf! cvncbsb! dsob! nbklb! )Nfmpf! qsptdbsbcbfvt*! tv! ob{wbof!usjvohvmjoj!{cph!usj!opluj~b!lpkf!jnbkv!ob!ophbnb/!Pof! j{mb{f! j{! {fnrf! j! lb•f! tf! ob! dwfupwf! cjrblb! hef! p•flvkv! jotfluf! lpkj! tmf~v/! [blb•f! tf! ob! ufmp! q•fmf! j! ptubkv! ubnp! ep! xfoph! qpwsbulb! v! lp|ojdv/! V! lp|ojdj! nfepoptof! q•fmf-! hef! tf! pesabwb! tusphj! sfe! v! ofhpwbxv! mfhmb-! usjvohvmjoj! uph! cvncbsb! of! nphv! eb! tf! sb{wjkbkv! opsnbmop/! Ovaop! kf! eb! tf! pesabwb! •jtup~b!v!lp|ojdj!j!plp!xf/!Vhjovmf!q•fmf!j!pof!lpkf!of!nphv!eb! mfuf! usfcb! eb! tf! tqbmf/! Obkpqbtojkb! kf! wstub! ! Nfmpf! wbsjfhbuvt! •jkf! mbswf! tv! jtujotlj! qbsb{juj! ob! q•fmj/! Pof! tf! ″vlpuwf″! ob! ublbw! ob•jo! eb! kf! uf|lp! mbswv! pulb•juj! •bl! j! tb! qjodfupn/! Ob! kfeopk! q•fmj! npaf! eb! ji! cvef! 76! )qp! Ifkunboflv*-! 341! )qp!

295


Ljslbsv*-! 435! .–! 524! )qp! Lsftblv*/! Obqbeovuf! q•fmf! vhjov! v! hs•fwjnb/!! ! 78:/![b|up!efumj~!cv|j!{je!lp|ojdf@! 78:/![b|up!efumj~!cv|j!{je!lp|ojdf@! Lbeb! of! ob}f! epwprop! isbof! v! |vnj-! efumj~! qp•of! eb! usbaj! esvhf! j{wpsf! j! ublp! tf! qsjcmjaj! lp|ojdbnb/! Vebspn! lrvopn!v!{je!lp|ojdf!j{nbnrvkf!q•fmf!ob!qpmfubrlv!j!kfef!ji/! V! ublwjn! )qpkfejob•ojn*! tmv•bkfwjnb! efumj~! npaf! eb! qsj•joj! wfmjlv! |ufuv/! [b! •vwbxf! q•fmjxblb! qsfe! twblv! lp|ojdv! tf! plb•j! mjtu! bmvnjojkvntlf! gpmjkf! jmj! tf! lp|ojdf! pcbwjkbkv! aj•bopn!nsfapn!tb!pldjnb!3!i!3!dn/! ! 791/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!mbtubwjdf!q•fmbnb@! 791/!Oboptf!mj!|ufuv!mbtubwjdf!q•fmbnb@! Mbtubwjdf! iwbubkv! pcj•op! tbnp! usvupwf/! [b! nmbev! qujdv! vcpe! q•fmf! {ob•j! tnsu/! Fup! {b|up! of! usfcb! eb! tf! tnbusb! eb! kf! mbtubwjdb! |ufup•job! {b! q•fmjxbl! j! lbeb! qptmf! ejtfldjkf! v! xfopn! tupnblv! cvev! pulsjwfoj! efmpwj! ufmb! q•fmb! lpkf! kf! qsphvubmb!tmv•bkop!jmj!lpe!oftub|jdf!esvhf!isbof/!! ! 792/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nphv!eb!qptubov!pcjmob!isbob!{b!tfojdf@! 792/!Lbeb!q•fmf!nphv!eb!qptubov!pcjmob!isbob!{b!tfojdf@! V!qspmf~f!lpe!kblph!sb{wpkb!mfhmb!q•fmjxf!lmvcf!tf!|jsj-! b! lpe! cs{ph! {bimb}fxb! qpopwp! tf! tlvqrb-! qsj! •fnv! {cph! ofepwproph! {bhsfwbxb! mfhmp! ob! qfsjgfsjkj! vhjof/! Lbeb! wsfnf! pupqmj-! q•fmf! j{optf! vhjovmp! mfhmp! j{wbo! lp|ojdf! j! ubeb! pop! qptubkf!pcjmob!isbob!{b!tfojdf-!•bl!j!lbeb!tv!ji!q•fmf!jtjtbmf! j!j{ofmf!wbo!lp|ojdf!tbnp!ijujotlf!pnpub•f!mbswj!j!mvulj/!Up! kf! {obl! eb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! hmbevkf! j! {bup! usfcb! penbi! eb! tf! qsjisboj/! ! 793/!Tb!lpkjn!efmpn!ufmb!q•fmf!tf!isbof!tfojdf@! 793/!Tb!lpkjn!efmpn!ufmb!q•fmf!tf!isbof!tfojdf@! Tfojdf! )spe! ! Qbsvt*! tf! mfuj! isbof! jotflujnb-! xjipwjn! mbswbnb!j!mvulbnb/!V!upn!qfsjpev!pof!of!oboptf!|ufuv!q•fmbnb/! [jnj! qp•ov! eb! usbaf! nsuwf! q•fmf! j! pe! xji! kfev! tbnp! hsveof! nj|j~f/! Lbeb! ofnb! isbof-! esbaf! q•fmf! vebspn! lrvob! v!

296


qpmfubrlv! lp|ojdf! j! lbeb! jotfluj! j{b}v! obqprf-! iwbubkv! ji! j! kfev!tbesabk!hsvej/[jnj!tfojdf!usfcb!eb!tf!qsjisbxvkv!nftopn!j! nbtopn! isbopn-! {bup! |up! tv! pof! obkcprj! qpnp~ojdj! •pwflv! qsj! voj|ubwbxv!|ufup•job!v!wp~xbdjnb/! ! 794/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!dswfopmf}opn!twsb•lv@! 794/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!dswfopmf}opn!twsb•lv@! Dswfopmf}oj!twsb•bl!)!Mbojvt!dpmmvsjp*!kf!qujdb!lpkb!tqbeb! v! lmbtv! wsbcbdb/! Sbtqp{obkf! tf! qp! dsopk! mjojkj! lpkb! qspmb{j! pe! lsbkb! vtub! qsflp! p•jkv! lb! qpujrb•opn! efmv! hmbwf/! Isboj! tf! jotflujnb! lpkf! iwbub! v! mfuv/! Tubovkf! v! acvxv! ob! lsbkv! |vnf/! Jtusbajwbxb! j{mv•fwjob! dswfopmf}oph! twsb•lb! of! qpuws}vkv! tjtufnbutlp! isbxfxf! q•fmbnb! j! {bup! po! usfcb! eb! tf! {b|ujuj! lbp!lpsjtob!j!dfxfob!qujdb/! ! 795/! Lblp! eb! tf! tf! tqsf•j! |ufub! qsj•jxfob! pe! dswfopmf}oph! twsb•lb@! twsb•lb@ Dswfopmf}oj! twsb•bl! of! mpwj! tjtufnbutlj! q•fmf-! tfn! v! qfsjpev! hof{efxb! lbeb! tf! obmb{j! cmj{v! q•fmb/! [cph! uphb! up! hof{ep! usfcb! voj|ujuj/!! ! 796/! \ub! kf! qp{obup! p! ptpkfev! j! q•fmpkfev@! q•fmpkfev@! Ptpkfe! )! Qfsojt! bqjwpsvt! *! kf! hsbcrjwjdb! j{! lmbtf! tplpmpwb! b! Tm/!99! q•fmpkfe! )Nfspqt! bqjbtufs*! kf! j{! lmbtf! tfojdb/! Pcf! wstuf! qujdb! isbof! tf! Tm/!9:! qswfotuwfop! pqoplsjmjn! ajwjn! jotflujnb! –.! q•fmbnb-! ptbnb! j! {fnojn! q•fmbnb/! \ufub! lpkv! oboptf! q•fmbstuwv! kf! cf{ob•bkob-! tb! j{v{fulpn! lbeb! tv! ob! qpkfejojn! nftujnb! wsmp! cspkoj! j! v! cmj{joj!tv!q•fmjxblb!)tm/!99*/!!! !

297


797/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtob!abcb!{b!q•fmf@! 797/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtob!abcb!{b!q•fmf@! Abcb! )Cvgp! cvgp*! mpwj! tbnp! ajwf! jotfluf! qpnp~v! mfqrjwph! kf{jlb-! lpkj! cs{p! j{cbdj! j{! vtub! j! {bkfeop! tb! qmfopn! penbi! hb! wsb~b! ob{be/! Npaf! eb! oboftf! |ufuv! q•fmbnb! tbnp! v! tmv•bkv! lbeb! tv! pof! ob! qpmfubrdj-! blp! tv! lp|ojdf! ojtlp! ep! {fnrf/!Qsjtvtuwp!abcb!ep!lp|ojdb!npaf!eb!tf!phsboj•j!blp!tf! sfkpo!plp!q•fmjxblb!obtqf!obwmbafopn!|rblpn!)tm/!9:*/! ! 798/!\ufuj!mj!kfa!q•fmbnb@! 798/!\ufuj!mj!kfa!q•fmbnb@! Kfa! )Fsjobdfvt! spvnbojdvt*! npaf! eb! mpwj! q•fmf! tbnp! v! sfuljn!tmv•bkfwjnb!lbeb!tf!ob}f!ob!qpmfubrdj-!blp!tv!lp|ojdf! ob!{fnrj/!\ufub!lpkv!kfa!qsj•joj!q•fmbnb!kf!of{obuob/!!! ! 799/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!kfab!lbeb!tf!ob}f!cmj{v!q•fmjxblb@! 799/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!kfab!lbeb!tf!ob}f!cmj{v!q•fmjxblb@! Kfa! kf! wsmp! lpsjtob! ajwpujxb/! Isboj! tf! nsuwjn! jotflujnb-! vlrv•vkv~j! j! vhjovmf! q•fmf! j! j{cb•fop! mfhmp/! Lbeb! qpkfef!nsuwf!q•fmf!po!voj|ubwb!j{wps!sb{oji!{bsb{oji!cpmftuj! j! ublp! qptubkf! tbojubsbd! {b! q•fmf/! Ptjn! uphb! sbep! kf! qsjnbo! v! q•fmjxbl/!Kfa!of!epejsvkf!ajwf!q•fmf/!! ! 79:/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!cfmlb!q•fmbnb@! 79:/!Oboptj!mj!|ufuv!cfmlb!q•fmbnb@! Cfmlb! )Nbsuft! gpjob*! of! oboptj! |ufuv! q•fmbnb-! bmj! npaf! eb! p|ufuj! {jepwf! lp|ojdf-! qsbwf~j! pehpwbsbkv~f! tlmpoj|uf/! Lbp! sf{vmubu! obsv|bwbxb! ufsnpj{pmbdjkf! lp|ojdf-! obsv|bwb! tf! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {jnj/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! tb! tubopwj|ub! q•fmbstuwb!cfmlb!tf!tnbusb!|ufup•jopn/!!! ! 7:1/!Lpkf!tv!|ufup•jof!sf{fswj!isbof!ob!q•fmjxblv@ 7:1/!Lpkf!tv!|ufup•jof!sf{fswj!isbof!ob!q•fmjxblv@! tv!|ufup•jof!sf{fswj!isbof!ob!q•fmjxblv@! Obk•f|~f!sf{fswf!isbof!q•fmb!voj|ubwbkv!blbsj!)lsqfrj*! j! qmftoj/! V! lp|ojdv! blbsf! epoptf! q•fmf-! tb! sb{oji! wstub! jotflbub-! b! ublp! jtup! j! tb! sb{mj•juji! qsfenfub! )ufsnpj{pmbdjkpoji!nbufsjkbmb-!tubsph!tb~b!j!es/*-!qptubwrfoji! pe!tusbof!q•fmbsb/! !

298


7:2/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!voj|ubwbkv!sf{fswf!isbof!q•fmb@! 7:2/!Lpkf!wstuf!blbsb!voj|ubwbkv!sf{fswf!isbof!q•fmb@! Sf{fswf! isbof! q•fmb! voj|ubwbkv! wj|f! pe! 41! wstub! blbsb! )lsqfrb*! j{! qpspejdf! Uzsphmzqijbebf-! Hfzdjgmhjebf! j! es/! Nf}v! xjnb!obk•f|~f!tf!obmb{j!csb|ofoj!blbs!)Uzsphmzqivt!!gbsjobd*!j! esvhf! wstuf! lpkf! tv! |ufup•jof! csb|ob-! tjsb-! tfob! j! es/! bmj! tubovkv!v!lp|ojdj!ptpcjup!blp!kf!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tmbcp/!Tlpsp! v!twblpk!lp|ojdj!tf!tsf~f!blbs!lpkj!tf!obmb{j!v!lv~opk!qsb|joj/! Uf! wstuf! blbsb! obk•f|~f! voj|ubwbkv! qpmfo-! bmj! nphv! eb! tf! pulsjkv!j!v!nfev/!! ! 7:3/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!qpmfo!voj|ufo!pe!blbsb@! 7:3/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!qpmfo!voj|ufo!pe!blbsb@! Qpmfo!kf!pcj•op!epcsp!vubqlbo!pe!tusbof!q•fmb!v!~fmjkbnb! j!uf|lp!tf!wbej!j{!xji/!Lbeb!tf!v!xfnv!sb{wjkv!blbsj!po!epcjkf! {mbubtup!lbgfov!cpkv-!espcj!tf!j!q•fmbs!hb!mblp!vp•bwb-!pcjmop! tf! sbtjqb! qp! tb~v! j! eov! lp|ojdf/! Lwbmjufu! tf! qphps|bwb! pe! tjuoji!blbsb!j!xjipwji!j{mv•fwjob!)j{nfub*/ */! */! ! 7:4/!Vuj•v!mj!blbsj!ob!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! 7:4/!Vuj•v!mj!blbsj!ob!lwbmjufu!nfeb@ Blbsj!voptf!v!nfe!qmftoj!j!lwbtdf-!lpkj!j{b{jwbkv!fo{jnof! qspdftf!ob!ubk!ob•jo!lwbsf!nv!vlvt/!! ! 7:5/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j! voj|ubwbxf! qpmfob! qpmfob! j! nfeb! pe! blbsb@! blbsb@! Voj|ubwbxf! qpmfob! j! nfeb! pe! blbsb! npaf! eb! tf! tqsf•j-! lbeb!tf!pesabwb!ofpqipeob!ijhjkfob!eob!lp|ojdf!j!qsfev{jnbkv! tf! tmfef~f! qsfwfoujwof! nfsf;! v! qspmf~f! obqbeovub! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! tf! qsfnftuf! v! •jtuv! lp|ojdv-! {bup! |up! tf! blbsj! joufo{jwop! sb{wjkbkv! v! lp|ojdj! v! kftfxf! –! {jntlpk! tf{poj/! Qsptups! qsfe! mfupn! ! qpwsfnfop! tf! p•jtuj/! Sf{fswop! tb~f! tf! •vwb!v!tvwjn!qsptupsjkbnb!ofeptuvqojn!jotflujnb!j!hmpebsjnb/! Nftup! {b! qsfsbev! nfeb! j! wptlb! usfcb! eb! jnb! 4! pefrfxb! j{ewpkfob! kfeop! pe! esvhph;! {b! qsjkfn! j! qswv! pcsbev! q•fmjxji! qspj{wpeb-!{b!ptopwov!pcsbev!j!{b!usbkop!tlmbej|ufxf!hpupwji!

299


qspj{wpeb/! Up! nftup! usfcb! tjtufnbutlj! eb! tf! ef{jogjlvkf! j! ef{blbsj{vkf/! /!! /!! ! 7:6/!Lblp!nphv!eb!tf!voj|ubwbkv!blbsj!lpkj!tf!obmb{f!v!tb~v!tb! nfepn!j!qpmfopn!v!qmpej|uv@! nfepn!j!qpmfopn!v!qmpej|uv@! [b! voj|ubwbxf! blbsb! )lsqfrb*! lpsjtuf! tf! blbsjdjeob! tsfetuwb!)gpmcflt-!nfejpo!j!es/*!lpkb!tf!lpsjtuf!j!lpe!blbsp{f-! lbp!j!efhb{bdjkb!)voj|ubwbxf!{bsb{f*!jowfoubsb!j!qsptupsjkb!tb! tvnqpsojn! hbtpn! jmj! qbspn! qfspdfuof! ljtfmjof/! Ublwb! pcsbeb! voj|ubwb! j! esvhf! |ufup•jof! q•fmb! )wptlpwph! nprdb-! qmftbo! j! es/*/!! ! 7:7/!Lpkb!qmftbo!p|uf~vkf!qpmfo!v!tb~v@! 7:7/!Lpkb!qmftbo!p|uf~vkf!qpmfo!v!tb~v@! Qmftob! hrjwb! Btdptqibfsb! bmwfj! voj|ubwb! qpmfo! qswfotuwfop! {jnj-! lbeb! hb! tuwsexbwb/! Sb{wjkb! tf! obkcprf! v! vhmpwjnb! lp|ojdf! lpkf! qplsjwb! cfmjn! tmpkfn! )tmj•op! csb|ov*-! ob! qpws|joj! qpmfob! b! qpupn! qspejsf! j! evcplp/! Voj|ufo! qpmfo! qptubkf!oftwbsrjw!{b!q•fmf!j!mfhmp/!! ! 7:8/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!nphv!eb!tf!pulsjkv!v!{bnfoj!{b!qpmfo@! 7:8/!Lpkf!|ufup•jof!nphv!eb!tf!pulsjkv!v!{bnfoj!{b!qpmfo@! V!{bnfobnb!qpmfob!nphv!eb!tf!pulsjkv!cvncbsj-!mbswf!lpkf! tv! qp{obuf! lbp! csb|ofoj! dswj/! Up! tv! avuj! csb|ofoj! cvncbs! )! Ufofcsjp! npmjups*-! lpkj! eptujaf! evajov! 25! –.! 29! nn/! nbmj! csb|ofoj! cvncbs)Usjcpmjvn! nbefot*! evh! 5! .! –! 6! nn/! wstub! Usjcpmjvn! dpouvtvn! j! obkwj|f! wstub! Cmbqt! npsujtbeb! lpkj! eptujaf!evajov!31!–.!41!nn/Twf!obwfefof!wstuf!cvncbsb!tf!tsf~v! v! {bnfobnb! qpmfob! v! sb{mj•jujn! tubejkjnb! sb{wpkb/! Xjipwf! mbswf! tv! djmjoesj•oph! pcmjlb! tb! twfumplbgfopn! hmbwpn! j! avujn!ufmpn/!Poj!qsphsj{bkv!ibsujkbov!bncbmbav!v!lpkpk!tf!•vwb! tpkjop! jmj! tpkjop.qpmfopwp! csb|op/! Kfejoj! ob•jo! {b! cpscv! qspujw!xji!kf!ejnrfxf!tlmbej|ub!tvnqpspn/! /!! /!! ! 7:9/! Qp! •fnv! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! eb! mj! kf! v! lp|ojdj! nj|! jmj! spw•jdb@! spw•jdb@!

300


Qsjtvtuwp! v! lp|ojdj! pwji! tjuoji! tjtbsb! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! obkqsf! qp! ! ! ! xjipwpn! ! njsjtv! –.! qp{obuj! njsjt! nj|b! j! ofqsjkbuoj! nvtlvtoj! njsjt! spw•jdf/! Nj|! tf! pulsjwb! mblp! j! qp! j{nfuv/!Ptjn!uphb!po!hsj{f!tb~f!j!ob!eov!lp|ojdf!tf!wjef!qbmj! qbs•j~j/! Spw•jdb! kfef! tbnp! hsveof! nj|j~f! q•fmb! j! {bup! qsjtvtuwp-! ob! ubk! ob•jo! qpkfefoji! ubmb! nsuwji! q•fmb-! qplb{vkf! eb!kf!pob!qsjtvuob/!V!lp|ojdf!opwf!lpotusvldjkf! pwf!ajwpujxf! of!nphv!eb!qspesv!)tm/!:1*!spw•jdb!j!nj|/!!!! !

Tm/!:1!

7::/!Lblwf!tjhvsoptof!nfsf!usfcb!qsfev{fuj!qspujw!vqbeb!nj|b! v!lp|ojdv@!! v!lp|ojdv@ Ptjhvsbxf! lp|ojdf! pe! nj|b! ptuwbsvkf! tf! mblp/! Epwprop! kf!v!kftfo-!lbeb!uj!hmpebsj!qsjqsfnbkv!hof{eb!{b!{jnv-!mfup!eb!tf! tuftoj! ep! 8! nn/! qp! dfmpk! evajoj/! Nj|j! nphv! eb! tf! iwbubkv! lmpqlbnb! )nj|pmpwlbnb*/! Nphv! eb! tf! voj|ubwbkv! lpsjtuf~j! sb{of! {sobtuf! nbndf! oblwb|fof! tb! gptgbuojn! jmj! esvhjn! puspwjnb/! Qsj! upnf! usfcb! eb! tf! qb{j-! eb! ep! nftub! hef! tf! qptubwrbkv!nbndj-!ofnb!qsjtuvqb!efdj!j!ajwjoj/!Efktuwp!puspwb! kf!5!•btb!qptmf!v{jnbxb!nbndb!pe!tusbof!hmpebsb/!! ! !

Cpmftuj!!q•fmb! Cpmftuj!!q•fmb! ! 811/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!njlsppshboj{nj@!! 811/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!njlsppshboj{nj@ Njlsppshboj{nj! tv! njlsptlpqtlj! qsptup! hsb}foj! ajwj! pshboj{nj-! •jkb! tf! wfmj•job! nfsj! njlspojnb! )njlspo! kf! 202111! efp! njmjnfusb*/! Wfmjlj! efp! xji! ojtv! |ufuoj-! bmj! jnb! j{b{jwb•b! sb{oji! {bsb{oji! cpmftuj! lpe! •pwflb-! cjrblb! j!

301


ajwpujxb! )vlrv•vkv~j! j! q•fmf*/! Kfebo! efp! njlsppshboj{bnb! tqbeb! v! ojaf! cjrlf! )cblufsjkf-! cbdjmj-! lplf-! hrjwjdf*! j! qsfenfu!tv!j{v•bwbxb!njlspcjpmphjkf-!b!cpmftuj!j{b{wbof!xjnb! tv! {bsb{of! )jogflujwof! *! cpmftuj/! Esvhj! efp! tqbeb! v! ojaf-! kfeop~fmjktlf-! ajwpujxf! j! xji! j{v•bwbkv! qbsb{jupmp{j! b! cpmftuj! lpkf! j{b{jwbkv! {pwv! tf! qbsb{juof! )jowb{jpof*/! Oflj! njlsppshboj{nj!{bv{jnbkv!nf}vqpmpabk!!)sjlfdjkf-!njlpqmb{nf!j! es*! b! cpmftuj! lpkf! j{b{jwbkv! ob{jwbkv! tf! sjlfdjp{f-! njlpqmb{np{f! j! es/! Obktjuojkj! njlsppshboj{nj! –.! wjsvtj! j{b{jwbkv!wjsvtob!pcprfxb!j!xji!j{v•bwb!wjsvtpmphjkb/!! ! 812/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!cblufsjkf@! 812/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!cblufsjkf@! Cblufsjkf! tv! kfeop~fmjktlj! pshboj{nj-! j{wbosfeop! nbmji! ejnfo{jkb! )pe! 1-3! ep! 21! j! wj|f! njlspob*! j! sb{nopabwbkv! tf! qpqsf•ojn!efrfxfn/!Pemjlvkv!tf!qsptupn!hsb}pn!j!jnbkv!ubolv! pqov! v! lpkpk! tf! obmb{j! djupqmb{nb! j! kfesp/! Qsfnb! pcmjlv! nphv! cjuj!|ubqj~btuf-!mpqubtuf!)lplf*-!j{wjkfof!)tqjsbmf-!tqjspifuf-! wjcsjpoj!j!es/*/!Nophf!pe!xji!tv!j{b{jwb•j!sb{oji!jogfldjktlji! cpmftuj!lpe!•pwflb-!cjrblb!j!ajwpujxb!)vlrv•vkv~j!j!q•fmf*//! ! 813/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!cbdjmj@! 813/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!cbdjmj@! Cbdjmj! tv! lbp! j! cblufsjkf! |ubqj~btuj! njlsppshboj{nj-! lpkj!pcsb{vkv!tqpsf/! ! 814/!\ub!kf!tqpsb!j!lblwv!vmphv!jnb@! 814/!\ub!kf!tqpsb!j!lblwv!vmphv!jnb@! Tqpsb! kf! {b|ujuoj! pcmjl! )vtbws|fo! v! fwpmvdjkj*! {b! ptjhvsbxf! oflji! njlsppshboj{bnb! pe! ofqpwproji! gblupsb! tubopwbxb! v! pesf}fopk! tsfejoj! )ofnb! wmbhf-! isborjwji! nbufsjkb-! ofqpwprob! ojtlb! jmj! wjtplb! ufnqfsbuvsb-! j{nfxfob! sfbldjkb! j! es/*/! V! ublwjn! tmv•bkfwjnb! cbdjm! of! vhjof-! wf~! pcsb{vkf! tqpsv-! •jkj! kf! pnpub•! hvtu! j! wpepofqspqvturjw! j! •vwb! ajwpuov! tqptpcoptu! cbdjmb! hpejobnb! v! tqprb|xpk! tsfejoj! ){fnrb-! }vcsf-! wpeb*/! Tqpsf! tv! j{wbosfeop! qptupkbof! v! ofqpwprojn! vtmpwjnb! {b! ajwpu! )ef{jogflubouj-! upqmpub-!

302


imbeop~b! j! es/*/!Lbeb! qbeov!v! qpwprov! tsfejov! pe! twblf! tqpsf! obtubkf!cbdjm!lpkj!qp•jxf!eb!tf!isboj!j!sb{nopabwb/! ! 815/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!wjsvtj@! 815/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!wjsvtj@! Wjsvtj! tv! tupujof! qvub! tjuojkj! pe! cblufsjkb-! {cph! •fhb! tf! kp|! ob{jwbkv! vmusbnjlspcj-! b! qp|up! qspmb{f! lsp{! cblufsjktlf! gjmusf-! ob{jwbkv! tf! j! gjmusjsbkv~j! wjsvtj/! Sb{nfsf! tv! jn! v! qsptflv! pe! 21! ep! 411! obopnfubsb! )obopnfubs! kf! 202111! efp! njlspob*!j!{bup!of!nphv!eb!tf!pulsjkv!qpe!pcj•ojn-!wf~!tbnp!qpe! fmfluspotljn! njlsptlpqpn! )lpkj! ebkf! vwf~bxf! tupujof! ijrbeb! qvub*/!Wjsvtj!tv!cf{!~fmjktlf!hsb}f!j!tbtupkf!tf!pe!cfmbo•fwjob-! mjqpjeb-!vhrfoji!ijesbub!j!ovlmfjotlf!ljtfmjof!!)SOL!j!EOL*/! Lbsblufsjtuj•op! {b! xji! kf! up! eb! tf! sb{nopabwbkv! tbnp! v! ~fmjkbnb!ajwji!pshboj{bnb!j!nphv~f!kf!eb!tf!hbkf!tbnp!v!uljwopk! lvmuvsj! rvetlji! jmj! ajwpujxtlji! ~fmjkb/! Wjsvtj! j{b{jwbkv! uf|lb! j! pqbtob! pcprfxb! lpe! rvej-! cjrblb! j! ajwpujxb! )vlrv•vkv~j!j!q•fmf*/! ! 816/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!sbtqp{obkf!mfhmp!vhjovmp!pe!hmbej!j!{jnf! pe!mfhmb!vhjovmph!pe!{bsb{oji!cpmftuj@! pe!mfhmb!vhjovmph!pe!{bsb{oji!cpmftuj@! Pe! hmbej! j! {jnf! vhjof! dfmp! mfhmp! )v! twpn! tb~v*! epl! lbp! sf{vmubu! {bsb{of! cpmftuj! voj|ufoj! efp! mfhmb! kf! sbtuvsfo! j{nf}v!{esbwph!mfhmb/!! ! 817/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wjsvtopk!jogfldjkj!nf|jobtub!usvmfa@! 817/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wjsvtopk!jogfldjkj!nf|jobtub!usvmfa@! Wjsvtob! jogfldjkb! nf|jobtub! usvmfa! kf! cpmftu! mfhmb! j! j{b{jwb!kf!wjsvt!Npsbups!bfubuvmbf-!lpkj!kf!nophp!nbmji!sb{nfsb!j! npaf! eb! tf! pulsjkf! tbnp! qpe! fmfluspotljn! njlsptlpqpn/! Wfmj•job!nv!kf!plp!71!njlspob/!Mbswf!q•fmb!tf!{bsb{f!wjsvtpn! qsfe! {buwbsbxf! mfhmb! b! qptmf! {buwbsbxb! vhjov.! –! qpavuf-! lbtojkf! qptubkv! lbgfobtuf! j! ptv|f! tf! ep! ubolf! dsoplbgfof! lpajdf! lpkb! mblp! npaf! eb! tf! j{wv•f! j{! ~fmjkf/! Jtv|fob! q•fmjxb! mbswb! jnb! pcmjl! hpoepmf-! {bup! |up! kpk! kf! hmbwb! qpejhovub! wjtplp! ob! hpsf/! Of! njsj|f! j! of! npaf! eb! tf! vtjuoj! v!

303


qsbi/! Jogfldjkb! oflbeb! npaf! eb! j|•f{of! tbnb/! Qsj! lpotububdjkj! nf|jobtuf! usvmfaj! q•fmjxbl! tf! tubwrb! v! lbsboujo!j!usbaj!tf!tqfdjkbmjtuj•lb!wfufsjobstlb!nfejdjotlb! qpnp~/! ! 818/! Lpkj! njlsppshboj{nj! njlsppshboj{nj! j{b{jwbkv! cpmftu! fwspqtlb! usvmfa! mfhmb@! mfhmb@! J{b{jwb•j! fwspqtlf! usvmfaj! mfhmb! tv! dfmb! hsvqb! njlsppshboj{bnb/Qswptufqfoj! j{b{jwb•! jogfldjkf! kf! Tusfqupdpddvt!!qmvupo! b! esvhptufqfob! jogfldjkb! kf! j{b{wbob! pe! Cbdjmmvt! bmwfj-! C/! Mbodfpmbuvt-! C/! mbufsptqpsvt-! Tusfqupdpddvt! bqjt-! Bdispnpcbdufs! fvszejdf/! Pe! xji! obkwf~j! {ob•bk! jnb! C/! bmwfj-! lpkj! qsfuwbsb! mfhmp! v! mfqrjwv! lb|v! ofqsjkbuoph! njsjtb/! Blp!qsfpwmb}vkf!C/!mbodfpmbuvt!!jmj!tusfquplplf-!vhjovmb!mbswb! njsj|f!ob!ljtfmp/!Blp!kf!jogfldjkb!j{ws|fob!pe!C/!mbufsptqpsvt! vhjovmp! mfhmp! ofnb! njsjtb/! Bdispnpcbdufs! fvsjejdf! wfspwbuop! vcs{bwb!vhjov~f!mbswj!j!{cph!uphb!ptubkv!ofqplmpqrfof/!! ! 819/! Lpmjlp! evhp! tb•vwbkv! wjsvmfouoptu! j{b{jwb•j! fwspqtlf! usvmfaj@! usvmfaj@! Tusfqupdpddvt!qmvupo!tb•vwb!wjsvmfouoptu!v!~fmjkbnb!tb~b! ep!2!hpejof/!Cbdjmmvt!bmwfj!pcsb{vkf!tqpsf!lpkf!j{esaf!lvwbxf!ep! 21!njo/!V!nfev!jmj!|f~fsopn!tjsvqv!pof!tv!wjsvmfouof!wj|f!pe! 2-6!hpejof/! ! 81:/!Lpkf!mfhmp!obkqsf!pcpmj!pe!fwspqtlf!usvmfaj@! 81:/!Lpkf!mfhmp!obkqsf!pcpmj!pe!fwspqtlf!usvmfaj@! Fwspqtlb! usvmfa! mfhmb! tf! tsf~f! lpe! tmbcji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! v! qspmf~f! b! obk•f|~f! mfuj/! Qswp! tf! jogjdjsb! usvupwtlp! mfhmp! b! {bujn! j! sbejmj•lp/! Kblb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! penbi! j{optf! {bsbafop! mfhmp! j{! lp|ojdf! j! qpoflbe! nphv! eb! mjlwjejsbkv!{bsb{v!ublp!eb!kf!q•fmbs!j!of!{bqb{j/! /!! /!! ! 821/!\ub!kf!lbsblufsjtuj•op!{b!cpmftu!fwspqtlb!usvmfa@! 821/!\ub!kf!lbsblufsjtuj•op!{b!cpmftu!fwspqtlb!usvmfa@!

304


Q•fmjxf! mbswf! tf! jogjdjsbkv! obk•f|~f! •fuwsuj! ebo! pe! j{mfhbxb/! Tbusvmp! mfhmp! qptubkf! tmv{bwp! bmj! of! npaf! eb! tf! jtufhof! v! ubolp! wmblop! lpkf! kf! lbsblufsjtuj•op! {b! bnfsj•lv! usvmfa!)wjej!qjubxf!823*/!Pnpub•!mbswf!ptubkf!ob!eov!~fmjkf!j! mblp! npaf! eb! tf! pewpkj! pe! xf/! Qpnp~v! njlsptlpqb! npaf! eb! tf! {bqb{j! cblufsjkb! j{b{jwb•! tflvoebsof! jogfldjkf/! Fwspqtlb! usvmfa! mfhmb! tf! qsfoptj! {bsbafopn! isbopn! j! qsfoptj! tf! tb! kfeoph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! ob! esvhp/! [bsbafof! mbswf! hvcf! fmbtuj•optu! pnpub•b-! tfhnfoubdjkb! tf! obsv|bwb! j! ufmb! jn! qptufqfop!pnfl|bwbkv/!! ! 822/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!fwspqtlf!usvmfaj@! 822/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!wpej!cpscb!qspujw!fwspqtlf!usvmfaj@! [bsbafop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp!tf!mjlwjejsb!{bejnrbwbxfn! tvnqpspn-! tb~f! tf! qsfubqb-! lp|ojdb! tf! ef{jogjlvkf! ufnfrop/! Dfousjgvhjsbo! nfe! npaf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj-! qptmf! ptopwoph! qsplvwbwbxb-! {b! sb{of! qsfsbef! bmj! ojlblp! {b! qsjisbov! q•fmb/! Ptubmjn! esv|uwjnb! lpkb! tf! obmb{f! v! j{wpsv! jogfldjkf! ebkv! tf! boujcjpujdj! tb! isbopn/! P! cpmftuj! usfcb! pcbwftujuj! obkcmjav! wfufsjobstlv!tmvacv/! ! 823/!Lp!kf!j{b{jwb•!bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj!mfhmb@! 823/!Lp!kf!j{b{jwb•!bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj!mfhmb@! J{b{jwb•!bnfsj•lf!)pqbtof*!usvmfaj!mfhmb!kf!|ubqj~btuj! njlsppshboj{bn!lpkj!pcsb{vkf!tqpsf!Cbdjmmvt!mbswbf!evajof!3-6!.–! 6! njlspob! j! |jsjof! 1-6! .–! 1-9! njlspob/! Tqpsf! tv! nv! jtlrv•jwp! qptupkbof! ob! ojtlf! j! wjtplf! ufnqfsbuvsf-! tvo•fwp! twfump-! jtv|jwbxf! j! pcj•ob! ef{jogfldjpob! tsfetuwb/! V! ljqv~pk! wpej! j{esaj!21!njo/!Obk•f|~f!tv!j{wps!jogfldjkf!ptubdj!ufmb!mbswj! vhjovmji! pe! bnfsj•lf! usvmfaj! v! lpkjnb! jnb! tqpsb! j{b{jwb•b! cpmftuj/! Uj! ptubdj! ){bkfeop! tb! tqpsbnb! cbdjmb*! obk•f|~f! tf! {bmfqf!{b!q•fmf!lpkf!•jtuf!~fmjkf!j!tb!xji!qbebkv!v!{bmjif!nfeb! jmj! ob! {esbwf! mbswf! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! {bsb{b! tf! cs{p! |jsj/! [bsbafob! mbswb! vhjof! qsj! qsfpcsbabkv! v! mvulv/! Lbsblufsjtuj•bo! {obl! cpmftuj! tv! vevcrfoj! qplmpq•j~j! {buwpsfoph! mfhmb-! lpkj! lbp! eb! tv! tqfdjkbmop! qspcv|foj! ob!

305


tsfejoj/! [bsbafop! mfhmp! tf! qsfuwbsb! v! ubnov! usvmptmv{btuv! nbufsjkv-!! qsjmfqrfov! ob! eop! ~fmjkf-! lpkb! npaf! tb! eswdfupn! |jcjdf!eb!tf!jtufhof!v!ubolp!wmblop/!Obk•f|~f!tf!mfhmp!{bsb{j! v! upqmjn! mfuxjn! nftfdjnb! )tm/! :2*! tqpsf! )2*-! |ubqj~j! )3*-! wfhfubujwob! gpsnb! )4*! j! j{hmfe! tbub! {bsbafoph! bnfsj•lpn! usvmfaj!)5*/!! ! !2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5!! !2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5

! Tm/!:2! ! ! 824/!V!|ub!tf!qsfuwbsb!tmv{btub!nbufsjkb!pe!usvmji!q•fmjxji! mbswj!lpe!pcprfxb!mfhmb!pe!bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj@! mbswj!lpe!pcprfxb!mfhmb!pe!bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj@! Tmv{btub! nbufsjkb-! ofqsjkbuoph! njsjtb-! pe! vhjovmji! q•fmjxji! mbswj-! qptmf! 4! .–! 5! tfenjdf! qsfuwbsb! tf! v! ubnoptjwv-! tvwv! lpsjdv! j! hvcj! tqfdjgj•bo! njsjt! upqmph! uvulbmb/! Pwb! lpsjdb!tf!petusbxvkf!nophp!uf|lp!tb!eob!~fmjkf/!!! ! 825/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!vhjof!mfhmp!{bsbafop!bnfsj•lpn!usvmfaj@! 825/![b!lpkf!wsfnf!vhjof!mfhmp!{bsbafop!bnfsj•lpn!usvmfaj@! Mbswf! tf! jogjdjsbkv! qsflp! vtub! qsj! isbxfxv/! J{b{jwb•j! cpmftuj-! njlsppshboj{nj-! tf! sb{nopabwbkv! j! mv•f! upltjof! )puspwf*-!lpkj!j{b{jwbkv!vhjov~f!mfhmb!•jkf!mbswf! qsftubkv!eb!tf! isbof/! Mfhmp! vhjof! pcj•op! v! tubejkvnv! mbswf! qptmf! {buwbsbxb! ~fmjkb! pe! tusbof! q•fmb/! Wsfnf! jolvcbdjkf! kf! 7! –.! 21! ebob/! Wsfnf! jolvcbdjkf!kf!wsfnf!pe!vop|fxb!{bsb{f!ep!qpkbwf!qswji!{oblpwb! cpmftuj/!!! !

306


826/!Lblp!qptuvqjuj!lbeb!tf!vuwsej!qptupkbxf!cpmftu!bnfsj•lb! usvmfa@! usvmfa@! Lbeb! kf! vuws}fob! cpmftu! mfhmb! bnfsj•lb! usvmfa-! tqbrvkf! tf! lp|ojdb! tb! dfmjn! tbesabkfn! )•bl! j! tb! {bmjibnb! nfeb*/! Mf•fxf! kf! tlvqrf! pe! twji! hvcjublb-! qpwf{boji! tb! tuwbsbxfn! opwf! lp|ojdf! j! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Lbp! qsfwfoujwop! tsfetuwp! lpsjtuj! tf! tvmgbujb{pm! obusjk! )opstvmgb{pm! obusjk*-! lpkj! tf! ebkf! q•fmbnb! v! ep{j! 1-4! hs/! ob! 2! mjubs! |f~fsoph! tjsvqb! v! qfsjpev!obesbabkoph!j!{jntlph!qsjisbxjwbxb/!Npaf!eb!tf!epeb! j!v!|f~fsop!nfeop!uftup!v!lpmj•joj!1-6!hs/!ob!2!lh/!! Qsfwfoujwop! j! {b! mf•fxf! v! opwjkf! wsfnf! lpsjtuj! tf! pltjufusbdjlmjo/!–! ! 827/!\ub!kf!sjlfdjp{b@! 827/!\ub!kf!sjlfdjp{b@! Sjlfdjp{b! kf! cpmftu! q•fmb! j{b{wbob! sjlfdjpn! .–! njlsppshboj{npn! lpkj! qsfetubwrb! qsfmb{ov! gpsnv! j{nf}v! wjsvtb! j! cblufsjkb/! Sjlfdjkf! j{b{jwbkv! cpmftu! pesbtmji! q•fmb! bmj!{bsbavkv!j!mfhmp!b!qpoflbe!j!nmbef!q•fmf!lpkf!tf!j{mfav!j{! mvulf/!Pcj•op!cpmftu!tf!kbwrb!lbp!qpnf|bob!jogfldjkb!{bkfeop! tb!esvhjn!j{b{jwb•jnb!cpmftuj!)tfqujlfnjkb-!bnfsj•lb!usvmfa*-! pe! lpkji! npaf! eb! tf! sb{mjlvkf! tbnp! qpe! fmfluspotljn! njlsptlpqpn/!Sjlfdjkf!qspejsv!v!pshboj{bn!q•fmf!lsp{!usbifkf/! [obdj! cpmftuj! tv! tmj•oj! lbp! lpe! tfqujlfnjkf;! q•fmf! qpdsof-! lsfubxf! jn! kf! esiubwp-! of! nphv! eb! mfuf! j! qbebkv! tb! qpmfubrlf! ob!{fnrv/![esbwf!q•fmf!ji!j{hpof!j{!lp|ojdf/! ! 828/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsbujgv!lpe!q•fmb@! 828/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qbsbujgv!lpe!q•fmb@! Qbsbujg! j{b{jwb! cblufsjkb! Ibgojb! bmwfj-! lpkb! voj|ubwb! tupnbl!q•fmf!qptmf!•fhb!kpk!tf!uscvi!obevwb/!J{mv•fwjof!)j{nfu*! qptubkv! wpexjlbwf! j! avuplbgfof/! Obk•f|~f! jogfldjkb! tf! |jsj! pe! q•fmb! lvqrfoji! j{! pcmbtuj! v! lpkjnb! kf! sbtqsptusbxfo! qbsbujg/! Cpmftu! npaf! eb! tf! ejkbhoptujdjsb! tbnp! qpnp~v! njlsptlpqb/! [b! mf•fxf! tf! lpsjtuf! boujcjpujdj! |jsplph! tqflusb!!qp!vqvutuwv!wfufsjobsb/!!

307


! 829/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!op{fnbup{j@!! 829/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!op{fnbup{j@ Op{fnbup{b! kf! cpmftu! q•fmb! j{b{wbob! vovubs! ~fmjktljn! qbsb{jupn! Op{fnb! bqjt! lpkb! obqbeb! lblp! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! ublp! jtup! nbujdv! j! usvupwf/J{b{jwb•! cpmftuj! tf! sb{nopabwb! v! fqjufmojn! ~fmjkbnb! tsfexfh! dsfwb! q•fmf/! Pcsb{vkf! tqpsf! pwbmoph! pcmjlb/! V! qspdftv! sb{wpkb! qbsb{ju! lpsjtuj! isborjwf! nbufsjkf!j{!fqjufmoji!~fmjkb!tsfexfh!dsfwb/!Qp|up!tv!uf!~fmjkf! qvof! tqpsb! j! sb{oji! tubejkvnb! sb{wpkb! qbsb{jub-! wbsfxf! tf! obsv|bwb/! Q•fmb! tubmop! ptf~b! hmbe! j! kfef! twf! wj|f! isbof-! of{bwjtop! pe! uphb! pob! tf! of! qsfsb}vkf-! |up! epwpej! ep! qsfqvxbwbxb! {bexfh! dsfwb/! [bsbafof! fqjufmof! ~fmjkf! tf! sbtqvlov! j! tqpsf! lpkf! tv! v! xjnb! qspejsv! qpopwp! v! dsfwp! {b! wbsfxf!j!pebumf!v!j{mv•fwjof!)j{nfu*!qsflp!lpkji!tf!qsp|jsvkf! cpmftu/! ! 82:/!Lpkb!mflpwjub!tsfetuwb!tf!lpsjtuf!lpe!mf•fxb!op{fnbup{f! q•fmb@! q•fmb@! Pe! 2:63/! hpe/! qsjnfxvkf! tf! boujcjpujl! gvnbhjmjo-! tqfdjgj•bo!mfl!{b!op{fnbup{v-!lphb!tv!qswp!qp•fmj!vtqf|op!eb! qsjnfxvkv!lbobetlj!obv•ojdj!Lbdofmtbo!j!Yfknjtbo/!Gvnbhjmjo! kf!qspj{wfefo!pe!qmftoj!Btqfshjmmvt!gvnjhbuvt/!Lbtojkf!v!TBE!kf! qspj{wfefo! gvnjejm! ! C! sbtuwpsjw! v! wpej/! Pe! 2:73/! Hpe/! v! Nb}bstlpk!tf!qspj{wpej!Gvnbhjmjo!EDI!v!qsbiv/! ! 831/!Lblp!tf!ep{jsb!gvnbhjmjo!EDI@! 831/!Lblp!tf!ep{jsb!gvnbhjmjo!EDI@! Qblpwbxf! qsfqbsbub! kf! uf|lp! 31! hs/! j! tbesaj! 1-6! hs/! blujwof! nbufsjkf/! Sbtuwbsb! tf! v! 361! hs/! wpef! j! qptmf! uphb! tf! sb{sf}vkf! v! 36! m/! imbeoph! tjsvqb/! Ub! ep{b! kf! epwprob! {b! 6! q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb/! ! 832/!Lblp!tf!ws|j!ef{jogfldjkb!tb~b!qptmf!mjlwjejsbxb! op{fnbup{of!jogfldjkf@! op{fnbup{of!jogfldjkf@!

308


Qp|up! tf! tqpsf! qbsb{jub! obmb{f! ob! sbnpwjnb! j! qp! ~fmjkbnb! tb~b-! ofpqipeop! kf! qptmf! j{mfhbxb! mfhmb! tb~f! qptufqfop! petusbxjwbuj! j{! lp|ojdf/! Qptmf! uphb! usfcb! eb! tf! ef{jogjlvkf!tb!qbsbnb!imbeof!tjs~fuof!ljtfmjof!jmj!tb!91&!.! ojn! sbtuwpspn! tjs~fuof! ljtfmjof-! ublp!eb! tf! vqpusfcj! ! 3-6! dn/! lvcoji!sbtuwpsb!ob!twblj!lvcoj!efdjnfubs!{bqsfnjof!tb~b/!! ! 833/!Qp!•fnv!tf!sb{mjlvkf!tsfexf!dsfwp!{esbwf!q•fmf!j!cpmftof! pe!op{fnbup{f@! pe!op{fnbup{f@! Tsfexf!dsfwp!{esbwf!q•fmf!kf!dswfopcsbpo!b!lpe!pcpmfmf! q•fmf!kf!nmf•op!cfmp/! ! 834/!\ub!cjwb!tb!nbujdpn!{bsbafopn!op{fnbup{pn@! 834/!\ub!cjwb!tb!nbujdpn!{bsbafopn!op{fnbup{pn@! Nbujdb! j! v! •bl! kblp! {bsbafopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! npaf! evhp! wsfnf! eb! of! pcpmj/! Blp! tf! {bsb{b! nf}vujn! qsfoftf! ob! xv-! pob! ~f! eb! qsfetubwrb! wfmjlv! pqbtoptu! {b! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp-! {bup! |up! tf! tb! j{mv•fwjobnb! j{mv•vkf! nophp! tqpsb-! j{b{jwb•b! cpmftuj-!b!nmbef!q•fmf!sbep!hvubkv!uf!j{mv•fwjof!tmbexjlbwph! vlvtb!j!ob!ubk!ob•jo!nbujdb!qptubkf!tubmoj!j{wps!{bsb{f/!! ! 835/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!bnfcopk!jogfldjkj!q•fmb@ 835/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!bnfcopk!jogfldjkj!q•fmb@! !bnfcopk!jogfldjkj!q•fmb@! Bnfcov! jogfldjkv! j{b{jwb! bnfcb! Nbmqijhbnpfcb! nfmmjvgjdbf-! kfeop~fmjktlj! qbsb{ju-! lpkj! eptqfwb! v! ufmp! q•fmf! qsflp! isbof! j! wpef/! Qbsb{ju! eptqfwb! v! nbmqjhjkfwf! dfw•jdf-! j! lbp! sf{vmubu! uphb! pof! tf! obevwbkv! j! qptubkv! qspwjeof/! J{mv•fwjof! {bsbafoji! q•fmb! tv! avupcfmf/! Obk•f|~f! tf! cpmftu! kbwrb! v! bqsjmv! j! nbkv! {bkfeop! tb! op{fnbup{pn/! Cpmftof! q•fmf! vhjov! j{wbo! lp|ojdf! j! {bup! q•fmbs! of! vtqfwb! vwfl! eb! ji! vp•j/! Cpmftu! npaf! eb! tf! ejkbhoptujdjsb! tbnp! njlsptlpqtljn! jtqjujwbxfn-! pulsjwbxfn! bnfcoji! djtub! v! nbmqjhjkfwjn! dfw•jdbnb/!Ep!ebobt!mf•fxf!ojkf!sb{sb}fop-!bmj!tf!qsfqpsv•vkf! lpsj|~fxf!qsfqbsbub!gvnbhjmjob!)lbp!lpe!op{fnbup{f*/!! ! 836/![b|up!nbujdb!of!pcpmfwb!pe!bnfcof!jogfldjkf@! 836/![b|up!nbujdb!of!pcpmfwb!pe!bnfcof!jogfldjkf@!

309


Nbujdb!lpsjtuj!isbov!lpkb!tf!sb{mjlvkf!pe!isbof!{b!q•fmf! sbejmjdf/! Up! vuj•f! ob! qspdft! wbsfxb/! Bnfcf! lpkf! eptqfkv! v! tjtufn!{b!wbsfxf!nbujdf-!of!obmb{f!qphpeov!tsfejov!{b!sb{wpk!j! {bup! vhjov/! Nbmqjhjkfwf! dfw•jdf! nbujdf! gvoldjpoj|v! sb{mj•jup! pe! jtuji! lpe! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! )jtup! kf! wf{bop! {b! sb{mj•juv!isbov*/!Fup!{b|up!bnfcf!of!nphv!eb!tf!sb{wjkv!v!xjnb/! Jtusbajwbxb!v!upn!qsbwdv!tf!obtubwrbkv/!!

Tm/!:3! ! 837/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cpmftuj!blbsp{b@! 837/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cpmftuj!blbsp{b@! Blbsp{v! j{b{jwbkv! ! blbsj! ! Bdbsbqjt! wppej! )tm/! :3*-! tb! ejnfo{jkbnb! ep! 1-26! nn/! qbsb{jujsbkv~j! v! usbifkjnb! q•fmf-! lpkj! of! tbnp! eb! {bqv|bwbkv! usbifkf! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! pufabwbkv! ejtbxf! ofhp!ji!j!qspcjkbkv/!Ifnpmjngb-!lswob!uf•optu-!lpkb!jtuj•f-!tv|j! tf! v! usbifkbnb! ! j! •joj! ji! ofqsp{sb•ojn! )ubnojn*/! Kbkb! lpkb! qpmpaj!afolb!!blbsb!!)ob!tmjdj!mfwp*!evajof!tv!1-2!nn/!Qptmf!4!– .! 5! ebob! j{! xf! tf! j{mfhv! mbswf-! pe! lpkji! tf! qptmf! tfenjdf! sb{wjkv! pesbtmj! jotfluj/! Nv|lf! joejwjevf! )ob! tmjdj! eftop*! j{mfhv! ! tf! 3! ebob! qsf! afotlji/! Blbsp{b! kf! vuws}fob! qswj! qvu!

310


2:15/!! hpe/! ob! fohmftlpn! ptuswv! Vbku! peblmf! tf! qptufqfop! qsp|jsjmb!j!ob!Fwspqtlj!lpoujofou/!!! ! 838/Lpkj!tv!{obdj!blbsp{f@!! 838/Lpkj!tv!{obdj!blbsp{f@!!! @!!! Q•fmf-! obqbeovuf! pe! blbsb-! cpmftof! tv! pe! blbsp{f-! hvcf! tqptpcoptu! mfufxb-! {bup! |up! jn! kf! ejtbxf! pufabop/! Pof! tf! sbtqv{f! qp! qpmfubrdj-! qplv|bwbkv! eb! qpmfuf-! bmj! {cph! ofvtqf|oji! qplv|bkb! qbebkv! ob! {fnrv! j! vhjov/! Ujqj•bo! {obl! {b! qpkbwv! jowb{jkf! kf! lbeb! jotfluj! of! nphv! eb! qsjlvqf! lsjmb! v! qsjspeoj! qpmpabk! j! pob! ptubov! eb! tus•f! ob! kfeov! tusbov/! Ptjn! uphb! qp! mfuwjdbnb! sbnpwb! nphv! eb! tf! ob}v! ubnoplbgfof! )ep! dsof*! j{mv•fwjof/! Obklbsblufsjtuj•ojkj! {obdj! blbsp{f! kbwrbkv! tf!v!qspmf~f!qptmf!qswph!pcmfubxb/!! ! 839/!Lblp!tf!qsp|jsvkf!blbsp{b@ 839/!Lblp!tf!qsp|jsvkf!blbsp{b@! lp!tf!qsp|jsvkf!blbsp{b@! Blbsp{b!tf!qsp|jsvkf!qsj!ofqptsfeopn!lpoubluv!{bsbafof! tb! {esbwpn! q•fmpn/! Jowb{jsbop! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp-! qsfofup! tb! {bsbafoph!nftub!v!of{bsbafop-!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf! vhjov~f!q•fmb! dfmph! q•fmjxblb/! [cph! uphb! kf! tusphp! {bcsbxfop! qsfwp{juj! q•fmf!j{!pcmbtuj!hef!kf!vuws}fob!blbsp{b/! b/!! b/!! ! 83:/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!qsp|jsjwbxf!blbsp{f!v! of{bsbafof!pcmbtuj@! of{bsbafof!pcmbtuj@! Eb! cj! tf! tqsf•jmp! |jsfxf! blbsp{f-! ofpqipeop! kf! qsf! twfhb-! lpmjlp! kf! nphv~f! csaf! eb! tf! j{ewpkj! pcpmfmp! q•fmjxf!! esv|uwp! j! qsf! ofhp! jowb{jkb! {biwbuj! twf! lp|ojdf-! eb! tf! {bsbafoj! jotfluj! {bejnf! tvnqpspn/! Ptubmb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! )v! lsvhv! 6! ln/*! pcsb}vkv! tf! qsfqbsbupn! CFG! )•fiptmpwb•lf! qspj{wpexf*/!! ! 841/!Ob!•fnv!tf!{btojwb!cjpmp|lb!nfupeb!{b!mf•fxf!blbsp{f!j! lblwj!tv!sf{vmubuj!xfof!qsjnfof@! lblwj!tv!sf{vmubuj!xfof!qsjnfof@! Cjpmp|lb! nfupeb! {b! tqsf•bwbxf! blbsp{f! {btojwb! tf! ob! wb}fxv! {buwpsfoph! mfhmb! j{! {bsbafoji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb-!eb!

311


tf!of!ep{wpmj!lpoublu!opwpj{mfafoji!tb!cpmftojn!q•fmbnb/!Ob! ubk!ob•jo!nmbef!j{pmpwbof!q•fmf!ptubkv!{esbwf-!blp!of!epmb{f!v! lpoublu! tb! {bsbafojn! joejwjevbnb/! Qsfnb! upnf!mfhmp! tf! tqbkb! tb! q•fmbnb! j! nbujdpn! {esbwph! esv|uwb! j! penbi! tf! qsfwp{f! ob! esvhp!nftup/!Qp|up!cpmftop!esv|uwp!jtlpsjtuj!qb|v-!voj|ubwb! tf/!Ob!ublbw!ob•jo!jowb{jsbo!q•fmjxbl!tf!mjlwjejsb!j!vnftup! xfhb!ptojwb!tf!opwj!tb!{esbwjn!q•fmbnb/!Pwbk!nfupe!kf!nf}vujn! tlvq! j! usbaj! eptub! sbeb/! Sbej! uphb! q•fmbsj! ebkv! qsfeoptu! ejnrfxv! q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb! sb{ojn! ifnjktljn! qsfqbsbujnb-! )! oqs/!CFG!jmj!Gpmcflt!.–!qspj{wfefo!v!\wbkdbstlpk*/! ! 842/!\usb!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Qfejdvmpjeft!wfousjdptvt 842/!\usb!kf!qp{obup!p!blbsv!Qfejdvmpjeft!wfousjdptvt@ Qfejdvmpjeft!wfousjdptvt@! Pwb! wstub! blbsb! )lsqfrb*! tsf~f! tf! v! mfhmv! lpkf! kf! ptubmp! cf{! obe{psb! q•fmb/! Of! qsj•jxbwb! |ufuv-! bmj! qsj! lpoubluv! •pwflb!tb!{bsbafojn!tb~fn!lsqfr!npaf!eb!qsf}f!ob!xfhb!j!eb! j{b{pwf! lpaof! ptqf/! Fup! {b|up! qsj! pehbkbxv! mfhmb! j{wbo! lp|ojdf-!oqs/!v!ufsnptv-!usbaj!tf!qaxb!j!pesabwbxf!•jtup~f/!! ! 843/!Lblwb!kf!cpmftu!qjfnpup{b!j!|ub!kf!j{b{jwb@! 843/!Lblwb!kf!cpmftu!qjfnpup{b!j!|ub!kf!j{b{jwb@! Qjfnpup{b! kf! blbsob! )lsqfrob*! jowb{jkb! mbswj! j! mvulj! q•fmb/! J{b{jwb•! cpmftuj! kf! blbs! wstuf! Qzfnpuvt! wfousjdptvt-! lpkj! kf! ujqj•bo! qbsb{ju-! |ufup•job-! {sobtuji! lvmuvsb-! qb! pe! xfhb! pcpmfwbkv! q•fmf! peofhpwbof! v! tvtfetuwv! tlmbej|ub! {sobtuf!isbof/! ! 844/!Lblwj!tv!{obdj!qjfnpup{f@! 844/!Lblwj!tv!{obdj!qjfnpup{f@! [obdj! qjfnpup{f! tv! tmj•oj! {obdjnb! cpmftuj! fwspqtlf! usvmfaj! )wjej! qjubxf! 821*/! Pe! xf! pcpmfwbkv! tmbcb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! lpkb! tubovkv! v! sb|jsfojn! qmpej|ujnb/! Obk•f|~f! vhjof! mfhmp! qp! qfsjgfsjkj! j! j{hmfeb! lbp! qptvup! qsbipn! lpkj! tf! v! tv|ujoj! tbtupkj! pe! mpqubtuji! blbsb/! Nphv~f! kf! {bsbabwbxf! j! pesbtmji!q•fmb/! ! 845/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtbo!j{b{jwb•!qjfnpup{f!{b!q•fmbsb@! 845/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtbo!j{b{jwb•!qjfnpup{f!{b!q•fmbsb@!

312


Blbs-! j{b{jwb•! qjfnpup{f! lpe! q•fmb-! j{b{jwb! lpe! rvej-! lpkj! sbef! tb! qsfisbncfojn! qspj{wpejnb! p|uf~fojn! pe! xfhb! )vlrv•vkv~j!j!q•fmbsf*-!dswfojmp!j!kbl!twsbc!qp!lpaj-!cpmpwf!v! tupnblv! b! ef|bwbkv! tf! j! btunbuj•oj! obqbej! ! j! qpwj|fxf! ufmftof!ufnqfsbuvsf/!! ! 846/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtbo!j{b{jwb•!qjfnpup{f!{b!epnb~f!ajwpujxf@!! 846/!Eb!mj!kf!pqbtbo!j{b{jwb•!qjfnpup{f!{b!epnb~f!ajwpujxf@ Pwdf! j! lpxj! lpe! v{jnbxb! tup•of! isbof-! lpkb! tbesaj! mbswf! {sobtuji! nprbdb-! voj|ufof! pe! j{b{jwb•b! qjfnpup{f-! epcjkbkv!lpaob!pcprfxb!j!qpwj|fov!ufmftov!ufnqfsbuvsv/! ! 847/! Lblwf! nfsf! usfcb! qsfev{fuj! lpe! pcpmfwbxb!q•fmb!pe!qjfnpup{f@! pcpmfwbxb!q•fmb!pe!qjfnpup{f@! Nfsf! {b! cpscv! qspujw! qjfnpup{f! qpwf{bof! tv! tb! jtqvxbwbxfn! wfufsjobstlp! tbojubsoji! qsbwjmb! {b! pehbkbxf! q•fmb;! tjtufnbutlp! •j|~fxf! lp|ojdb-! cmbhpwsfnfop! voj|ubwbxf! p|uf~foph! tb~b-! •vwbxf! tb~b! v! •jtujn! qsptupsjkbnb! jes/! Ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! pesabwb! j! mj•ob! ijhjkfob!v!sbev!tb!q•fmbnb/!! ! 848/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wbspbup{j@ 848/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wbspbup{j@! p{j@! ! Wbspbup{b! kf! uf|lp! uflv~f! blbsop! )lsqfrop*!pcprfxf!mbswf-!mvulf!j!pesbtmf! q•fmf-! lpkf! kf! twveb! qsp|jsfop! tb! phspnojn! hvcjdjnb! j! qsfetubwrb! kfebo! pe! obkblvuojkji!qspcmfnb!v!q•fmbstuwv/ v/! v/! ! 849/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!j{b{jwb•!wbspbup{f@! 849/!Lblp!j{hmfeb!j{b{jwb•!wbspbup{f@! Afolb! blbsb! wstuf! Wbspb!kbdpctpoj! kf! Tm/!:4! qp!cpkj!lbgfob-!pcmjlb!lftufob!jmj!npstlph! sblb! )qsf•ojlb! plp! 2! –.! 3! nn*! j! qplsjwfob! kf!

313


emb•jdbnb/! Kbkb! tv! kpk! nmf•op! cfmb-! kbkbtuph! pcmjlb! )tb! sb{nfsbnb! qp! ewf! ptf! 1-7! j! 1-5! nn*/! Nvakbl! kf! nophp! tjubo-! tjwlbtupcfmf!cpkf!j!tlpsp!plsvhbp!)tm/!:4*//! ! 84:/!Lblwb!kf!cjpmphjkb!j{b{jwb•b!wbspbup{f@! 84:/!Lblwb!kf!cjpmphjkb!j{b{jwb•b!wbspbup{f@! Afolf! lsqfrb-! j{b{jwb•b! cpmftuj-! vmb{f! v! mfhmp! 6/! –.! 7/! ebob! sb{wpkb! mfhmb-! qsfe! {buwbsbxf! ~fmjkb! pe! tusbof! q•fmb/! Ubnp!pof!qpmpaf!pe!2!ep!49!kbkb-!lpkb!tf!qsjmfqf!v{!mvulv!jmj!v{! mbswv!q•fmf/!Qptmf!3!ebob!j{!kbkb!tf!j{mfaf!mbswb-!lpkb!tf!qptmf! 7!.!–8!ebob!sb{wjkb!v!qpmop!{sfmph!blbsb/!Nvakbdj!tb{sfwbkv!{b!7!–.! :!ebob!j!pqmpef!afolf!qsfe!puwbsbxf!~fmjkb/!Pqmp}fof!afolf! tf! qsj•wstuf! {b! ufmp! q•fmb! lpkf! tf! j{mfhv! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! qsp|jsvkv/ kv/! kv/! ! 851/!Lpmjlp!blbsb!npaf!eb!tf!pulsjkf!v! 851/!Lpmjlp!blbsb!npaf!eb!tf!pulsjkf!v! lp|ojdj! lpe!pcprfxb! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!pe!wbspbup{f@! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!pe!wbspbup{f@! V!kfeopn!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv!cspk!blbsb-!j{b{jwb•b!cpmftuj! wbspbup{b-! npaf! eb! wbsjsb! pe! qpkfejoji! joejwjevb! ep! 26! –.! 41! ijrbeb!j!wj|f/! f/!! f/!! ! 852/! Qp! lpmjlp! blbsb! npaf! eb! tf! pulsjkf! ob! kfeopk! q•fmj! q•fmj! lpe! pcprfxb!wbspbup{f@! pcprfxb!wbspbup{f@! Ob!kfeopk!q•fmj!sbejmjdj!vp•fop!kf!qsptf•op!6!blbsb-!b!ob! kfeopn! usvuv! 8! –.! 9! blbsb/! Obk•f|~f! tf! poj! {bmfqf! ob! uscv|•j~v! q•fmf!j{nf}v!qswph!j!esvhph!tfhnfoub/! ! 853/! Lpmjlb! kf! evajob! ajwpub! blbsb! j{b{jwb•b! cpmftuj! wbspbup{b@! wbspbup{b@! Evajob!ajwpub!afolf!blbsb!mfuj!kf!3!–.!4!nftfdb!b{jnj!7!–.! 9!nftfdj/!Poj!tv!psjkfoujtboj!lb!qplsfuojn!q•fmbnb!)pwb!qpkbwb! kf! qp{obub! qpe! jnfojn! wjcspubltjt*-! b! blujwoptu! jn! {bwjtj! pe! ufnqfsbuvsf/!Nvakbdj!blbsb!vhjov!cs{p!qp!pqmp}fxv!afolj/!! !

314


854/! Lpkb! kf! pqujnbmob! pqujnbmob! ufnqfsbuvsb! {b! sb{wpk! j{b{jwb•b! wbspbup{f@!! wbspbup{f@ Blbs! Wbsspb! kbdpctpoj! kf! opwb! wstub! qbsb{jub! nfepoptof! q•fmf-! lpkj! tf! sb{wjkb! qsj! ojajn! ufnqfsbuvsbn! pe! pof! v! qmpej|uv! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! )46°T*/! [cph! uphb! tf! sb{nopabwb! cs{p! v! tmbcjkjn! esv|uwjnb! b! v! kbljn!! obqbeb! mfhmp! qp! o qfsjgfsjkj/! Lpe! ufnqfsbuvsf! 52°T! blbs! obqv|ub! q•fmv! b! lpe! 61°T!vhjxbwb/!! ! 855/! Ob! lpmjlp! sbtupkbxf! j! {b! lpkf! wsfnf! tf! qsp|jsvkf! wbspbup{b@! wbspbup{b@! Qsp|jsjwbxf!wbspbup{f!eptujaf!7!–.!22!ln/!{b!4!nftfdb!j! {bwjtj!pe!cspkb!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!v!plpmjoj/! /!! /!! ! 856/!Lpkj!tv!{obdj!eb!tv!q•fmf!pcpmfmf!pe!wbspbup{f@ 856/!Lpkj!tv!{obdj!eb!tv!q•fmf!pcpmfmf!pe!wbspbup{f@! !Lpkj!tv!{obdj!eb!tv!q•fmf!pcpmfmf!pe!wbspbup{f@ Lbeb! q•fmf! pcpmf! pe! wbspbup{f! vhjxbwbkv! mvulf-! mfhv! tf! oftqptpcof! q•fmf-! kbwrbkv! tf! efgpsnjufuj-! )q•fmf! cf{! ophv-! lsjmb-efgpsnbdjkf! uscvib! j! hsvej-! of! puwbsbkv! lsjmb! qptmf! j{mfhbxb*/! Oflf! pe! q•fmb! ws|f! lsvaob! lsfubxb-! {cph! uphb! qv{f!qp!qpmfubrlj!j!qbebkv!tb!xf/!Mfhv!tf! tjuof! q•fmf! j! usvupwj/! Pcpmfmb! esv|uwb! {bptubkv! v! sb{wpkv! b! lpe! kblph! {bsbabwbxb! nphv!eb!obqvtuf!lp|ojdf!v!kftfo/!Tnsuoptu! q•fmb! sbtuf! j! usf~f! j! •fuwsuf! {jnf! npaf! eb!eptujhof!211&!)tm/!:5!*! Tm/!:5! ! 857/!Lpkb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!q•fmb!{bsbafoji!wbspbup{pn@! 857/!Lpkb!kf!evajob!ajwpub!q•fmb!{bsbafoji!wbspbup{pn@! Vuws}fop! kf! eb! tf! evajob! ajwpub! lpe! q•fmb! {bsbafoji! wbspbup{pn!tlsb~vkf!ob!qpmpwjov/!Nbujdb!jtup!nbmp!ajwj/!! ! 858/! Lblp! {bsbafoptu! wbspbup{pn! vuj•f! ob! puqpsoptu! q•fmb! qsfnb!esvhjn!cpmftujnb@! qsfnb!esvhjn!cpmftujnb@!

315


Jtupwsfnfop!tb!vcs{bxfn!tubsfxb!lpe!q•fmb!tf!qpwf~bwb! pcpmfmptu! pe! {bsb{oji! j! qbsb{juoji! cpmftuj/! [bqbab! tf! qpwj|fob! {bsbafoptu! lswof! uf•optuj! )ifnpmjngf*! lpe! wbspbup{oji! q•fmb-! lb! sb{mj•jujn! njlsppshboj{njnb-! •jnf! tf! tnbxvkf! xjipwb! puqpsoptu! qsfnb! tfqujlfnj•ojn! cpmftujnb! )wjej!qjubxf!869*/! ! 859/!Lblwb!kf!qsphop{b!lpe!pcprfxb!q•fmb!pe!wbspbup{f@! 859/!Lblwb!kf!qsphop{b!lpe!pcprfxb!q•fmb!pe!wbspbup{f@! Vuws}fop! kf! eb! v! kftfo! lpe! {bsb{f! 31! wbspb! ob! 211! q•fmb! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! vhjxbwb/! Qpsfe! uphb! pcjmop! kftfxf! qsjisbxjwbxf! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! vcs{bwb! vhjxbwbxf! esv|uwb! •bl! j! lpe! 21! –.! 26! wbspb! ob! 211! q•fmb/! Tbnpj{mf•fxf! lpe! pcprfxb!pe!wbspbup{f!ojkf!qp{obup/!! ! 85:/!Lblwb!kf!joufo{jwoptu!jowb{jkf!lpe!wbspbup{f@! 85:/!Lblwb!kf!joufo{jwoptu!jowb{jkf!lpe!wbspbup{f@! Pcprfxf! tf! tnbusb! qswph! tufqfob! lpe! pcprfxb! 1-6&! q•fmb-! esvhph! tufqfob! 1-6! .–! 41&! j! usf~fh! tufqfob! wj|f! pe! 41&! qsj!•fnv!tf!qpkbwrvkv!lmjoj•lj!{obdj/!! ! 861/!Lblp!tf!ejkbhoptujdjsb!wbspbup{b@! 861/!Lblp!tf!ejkbhoptujdjsb!wbspbup{b@! Qsj!ojtlpk!pqbsb{jujsboptuj!lpe!q•fmb!blbsj!)lsqfrj*!tf! pulsjwbkv!uf|lp!qb!{cph!uphb!q•fmbs!vuwsej!cpmftu!pcj•op!lbeb! pob!eptujhof!qptmfexj!tubejkvn!)usf~j!tufqfo*/!Blp!tf!esv|uwp! obejnj!vwf•f!tb!3!.!–4!hs/!gfopujkb{job!)wjej!qjubxf!914*-!vkvusv! ~f!np!wjefuj!lsqfrf!ob!pnb|~fopn!qbqjsv!qptubwrfopn!ob!eop! lp|ojdf/! Jtup! lpe! puwbsbxb! usvupwtlph! mfhmb! lsqfrj! tf! wjef! ob!mbswbnb/!Cpmftu!npaf!eb!tf!ejkbhoptujdjsb!ob!sb{of!ob•jof! oqs/!blp!v!ufhmv!tubwjnp!36!–.!41!nmbeji!q•fmb!j!v!xv!qptubwjnp! qsbnfo! wbuf! obupqrfo! fuspn-! jmj! tf! obmjkf! upqmb! wpeb/! V! upn! tmv•bkv!blbsj!obqv|ubkv!q•fmf!j!nphv!eb!tf!pulsjkv!j!qsfcspkf!ob! {jev! ufhmf! jmj! ob! ibsujkj! lsp{! lpkv! gjmusjsbnp! wpev/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! npaf! eb! tf! pesfej! pqbsb{jujsboptu! ob! 211! q•fmb! j! pehpwbsbkv~j!tufqfo!jowb{jkf/!! !

316


862/! Lblwf! nfsf! usfcb! eb! tf! qsfev{jnbkv! {b! cpscv! qspujw! wbspbup{f@! wbspbup{f@! Nfsf! lpkf! usfcb! eb! tf! qsfev{jnbkv! {b! cpscv! qspujw! wbspbup{f! nphv! eb! tf! pckfejof! v! usj! hsvqf;! pshboj{bdjpof-! mf•f~f! j! qspgjmbluj•lf/! Pshboj{bdjpof! nfsf! vlrv•vkv;! Lpouspmv! qsj! qsfwp{v! q•fmb! j! nbujdb-! sbov! ejkbhoptujlv-! sb{sf}jwbxf! lp|opdb! v! q•fmjxblv! j! phsboj•bwbxf! |jsjof! mfub-! petusbxjwbxf! tubsph! tb~b! v! lpkjn! tf! blbsj! obkcprf! sb{wjkbkv-! qptubwrbxf! nsfaf! ob! eop! lp|ojdf-! tqsf•bwbxf! spkfxb!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb-vlmbxbxf!tmbcji!esv|ubwb!j!es/!!V! nfsf!mf•fxb!tqbeb;!tnbxfxf!cspkb!qbsb{jub!qpnp~v!ifnjktlji-! cjpmp|lji! j! gj{j•lji! tsfetubwb/! Qspgjmbluj•lf! nfsf! tf! qsjnfxvkv!v!ofjowb{jsbojn!q•fmjxbdjnb!j!lp|ojdbnb!j!tbtupkj! tf! v! tmfef~fn;! lbsboujsbxf! qswji! pcpmfmji! esv|ubwb-! mjlwjejsbxf!pcjmop!pcpmfmji!esv|ubwb-!tuwbsbxf!j{pmpwboji! {pob!plp!j{wpsb!cpmftuj/! ! 863/!Lpkb!mflpwjub!tsfetuwb!tf!lpsjtuf!lpe!pcprfxb!q•fmb!pe! wbspbup{f@! wbspbup{f@! [b! mf•fxf! wbspbup{f! lpe! q•fmb! obk•f|~f! tf! lpsjtuf! tmfef~j! ifnjktlj! qsfqbsbuj;! gfopujkb{jo! )wjej! qjubxf! 91:*-! wbspb{jo! )ubcmfuf! lpkf! tbesaf! gfopujkb{jo! j! qbsb! gpsnbmefije*-! obgubmjo-! lbngps-! tjofblbs! )svnvotlj! qsfqbsbu*-! boujwbs! )cvhbstlj! qsfqbsbu*-! wbsptubo! )ofnb•lj! qsfqbsu! v! nfubmopk! lvujkj*-! njmcflt! )kbqbotlj! qsfqbsbu! v! qsbiv! jmj! ob! usblbnb*-! lfmubo! )! ob! ! usblbnb*-! ifnpwbs! {b! qstlbxf-! njubl! j! wbsptubu! {b! ejnrfxf-! qfsjdjo! j! bqjupm! efmvkv! lbp! tjtufnjdj! qsflp! mjngf! q•fmb-! nsbwrb! j! pltbmob! lptfmjob! j! es/! Njsjt! obguf-! mbwboevmf-! nfoupmb! j! es/! jtup! j{b{jwb! pqv|ubxf! blbsb! pe! q•fmf/! J{cps! qsfqbsbub! j! ep{jsbxf! tv! qsfnb!vqvutuwv!wfufsjobstlph!mflbsb/!! ! 864/!P!•fnv!usfcb!wpejuj!sb•vob!lpe!cpscf!qspujw!wbspbup{f@!! 864/!P!•fnv!usfcb!wpejuj!sb•vob!lpe!cpscf!qspujw!wbspbup{f@

317


Lpe!voj|ubwbxb!wbspf!sb{ojn!ifnjktljn!tsfetuwjnb!wsmp! kf! wbaop! of! lpsjtujuj! kfeop! tsfetuwp! evaj! wsfnfotlj! qfsjpe-! kfs! wbspb! qptubkf! puqpsob! ob! ! mflpwjuv! nbufsjkv! uk/! kbwrb! tf! sf{jtufodjkb/Lpe! qspnfof! mflb! wbaop! kf! pcsbujuj! qbaxv! ob! wstuv!blujwof!nbufsjkf-!kfs!jnb!mflpwb!tb!sb{ojn!ob{jwjnb!bmj! tb!jtupn!blujwopn!nbufsjkpn/!Oqs/!ifnpwbs-!njubl!j!wbsptubu!tv! tb! mflpwjupn! nbufsjkpn! bnjusb{/! [ob•j! usfcb! nfxbuj! blujwov! 0mflpwjuv0!nbufsjkv!lpe!usfujsbxb!q•fmb!qspujw!wbspf/! ! 865/!\ub!kf!nsbwrb!ljtfmjob!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 865/!\ub!kf!nsbwrb!ljtfmjob!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Nsbwrb! ljtfmjob! kf! cjtusb! uf•optu! p|usph! njsjtb-! ob! lpaj! j{b{jwb! qmjlpwf/! Qsjqbeb! obkkb•jn! nbtojn! ljtfmjobnb/! Obmb{j!tf!v!qsjspej!tmpcpeob!0v!cjrlbnb-!nsbwjnb-!hvtfojdbnb0! b! epcjkb! tf! j! joevtusjktlj/! Qsjnfxvkf! tf! v! joevtusjkj! lpaf-! {b! cpkfxf! ufltujmb! j! {b! lpo{fswjsbxf! tplpwb/! Tbesaj! tf! j! v! nfev/Fgjlbtob! kf! qspujw! wbspbup{f! 0wj|f! pe! :6&0! blp! tf! lpsjtuj! qsbwjmop/! Vcjkb! wbspv! j! v! mfhmv! j! qp! upnf! kf! kfejotuwfob/! Lpe! vqpusfcf! nsbwrf! ljtfmjof! q•fmbs! npsb! eb! qsjnfxvkf! nfsf! {b|ujuf/! Pob! tf! npaf! qsjnfxjwbuj! lsbulpsp•op!j!evhpsp•op/! ! 866/!\ub!kf!pltbmob!ljtfmjob!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 866/!\ub!kf!pltbmob!ljtfmjob!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@ Pltbmob! ljtfmjob! kf! pshbotlb! ljtfmjob/! Obmb{j! tf! v! nophjn! cjrlbnb! v! pcmjlv! lbmjvnpwf! j! lbmdjvnpwf! tpmj-! v! nplsb~j!•pwflb!j!ajwpujxb/!Puspwob!kf/!Epcjkb!tf!joevtusjktlj/! Lpsjtuj!tf!v!joevtusjkj!ufltujmb!{b!cpkfxf/!Tbesaj!tf!j!v!nfev/! Lpsjtuj! tf! v! cpscj! qspujw! wbspbup{f/! Npsbkv! tf! qsjnfxjwbuj! nfsf! {b|ujuf! {b! q•fmbsb/! Fgjlbtob! kf! lbeb! ofnb! mfhmb/! Fgjlbtoptu!kf!:8!–.!::&/! ! 867/!\ub!kf!ujnpm!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 867/!\ub!kf!ujnpm!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Ujnpm! kf! qsjspeob! cf{cpkob! tvqtubodb! lpkb! tf! tbesaj! v! nbmjn!lpmj•jobnb!v!ofljn!wstubnb!nfeb!0oqs/!v!mjqpwpn!nfev0/! Lpsjtuj! tf! v! nfejdjoj! j! v! {vcbstlpk! qsbltj! lbp! mblp!

318


ef{jogfldjpop! tsfetuwp! j! qspujw! cpmpwb/! Lpsjtuj! tf! v! cpscj! qspujw!wbspbup{f!j!up!qptmf!nfepcfsb/!Fgjlbtoptu!kf!:1!–.!:8&/! ! 868/!\ub!kf!LBT. 868/!\ub!kf!LBT.92!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! 92!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@ LBT.92! kf! qsfqbsbu! lpkj! tf! epcjkb! lvwbxfn! cpspwji! qvqprblb! j! qfmfob/! Lpsjtuj! tf! v! cpscj! qspujw! wbspbup{f! j! op{fnp{f/! V{jnb! tf! 61! hs/! cpspwji! qvqprblb-! 61! hs/! qfmfob! csboph! v! wsfnf! wfhfubdjkf! j! :11! hs/! qfmfob! csboph! v! wsfnf! dwfubxb/! Twf! tf! lvwb! v! 21! mjubsb! wpef! 3! .! –4! tbub! j! ptubwj! eb! petupkj! 9! tbuj-! qplmpqrfop! ob! upqmpn! nftuv/! Pwb! pewbsb! tf! epebkf! tjsvqv! 2-6! ;! 2! j! up! qp! 41! –.! 46! njmjmjubsb! ob! ! 2! mjubs! tjsvqb/! ! 869/!Lblwj!gj{j•lj!vujdbkj!tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!v!cpscj!qspujw! 869/!Lblwj!gj{j•lj!vujdbkj!tf!qsfqpsv•vkv!v!cpscj!qspujw! wbspbup{f@! wbspbup{f@! V! cpscj! qspujw! wbspbup{f! lpsjtuj! tf! {bhsfwbxf! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb! jmj! dfmph! mfhmb! {bkfeop! tb! tb~fn! v! wsuf~fn! epcp|v! ep! 52°T! {b! 4! njovub/! Wjtplb! kf! fgjlbtoptu/! Of! tbnp! eb! tf! pqv|ubkv!ofhp!j!vhjxbwbkv!blbsj/!Vuws}fop!kf!eb!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj! 57!–.!5:°T!j!qsj!pesf}fopk!wmbaoptuj-!31!–.!41&-!blbsj!vhjxbwbkv! {b!21!–.!23!njo/! ! 86:/!Lpkj!kf!obkfgjlbtojkj!nfupe!cjpmp|lf! 86:/!Lpkj!kf!obkfgjlbtojkj!nfupe!cjpmp|lf! cpscf!qspujw!wbspbup{f@! cpscf!qspujw!wbspbup{f@! Obkfgjlbtojkf! nfupef! {b! cjpmp|lv! cpscv!qspuw!wbspbup{f!tv!ewf;!b*!nfupe!tb! sbnpn! hsb}fwxblpn! lpkj! pnphv~vkf! j{hsbexv! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! pe! tusbof! q•fmb-! lpkf! tf! qptmf! uphb! puwbsbkv! j! j{sf{vkv! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! petusbxvkv! blbsj! lpkj! tf! obmb{f! v! xjnb! )! v! obkwf~fn! tufqfov! poj! tf! sb{nopabwbkv! v! qspmf~f! j! mfup*<!!c*!nfupe!ewpkoph!sbnb!hsb}fwxblb!–.! Tm/!:6! v! qmpej|uf-! ob! nftup! esvhph! sbnb! t! mfwb-!

319


qptubwrb! tf! sbn! hsb}fwxbl! tb! j{sf{bojn! lsbkfwjnb! ob! lpkjnb! q•fmf!ephsbef!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf-!hef!tf!tblvqrbkv!blbsj/!Qp|up! ~fmjkf!cvev!{buwpsfof!sbn!tf!petusbxvkf!b!ob!nftup!esvhph!sbnb! t! eftob! qptubwrb! tf! esvhj! sbn! hsb}fwxbl/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! lsp{! tnfov! {b! 7! ebob! v! ewb! sbnb! hsb}fwxblb! viwbuj! tf! j! petusboj! wf~job! blbsb/! J{wb}fop! tb~f! j{! lp|ojdf! ! j! j{sf{bof! ~fmjkf! penbi!tf!qsfubqbkv!)tm/!:6*/! ! 871/!Eb!mj!sbn!hsb}fwxb!wsfej!qsjnfxjwbuj@! 871/!Eb!mj!sbn!hsb}fwxb!wsfej!qsjnfxjwbuj@! Wfmjlj! cspk! q•fmbsb! of! qsjnfxvkf! sbn! hsb}fwxbl-! tnbusbkv~j! eb! tf! q•fmf! qsfwj|f! nv•f! j{hsbexpn! hsb}fwxblb! lpkj! tf! qpupn! j{sf{vkf/! Ub•op! kf! eb! pof! vmpaf! usve! v! j{hsbexv! hsb}fwxblb-! bmj! lpe! uphb! jnb! j! wfmjlf! lpsjtuj-! kfs! epcjkfnp! pehpwbsbkv~v! lpmj•jov! wptlb! j! |up! kf! kp|! wbaojkf! v! nophpnf! tnbxvkfnp!cspk!wbspf!v!q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv/! ! 872/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cpmftuj!nfmbop{b@! 872/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!cpmftuj!nfmbop{b@! Cpmftu! j{b{jwb! ojab! hrjwb! ! Nfmboptfmmb! npst! bqjt! lpkb! qbsb{jujsb! v! pshbojnb! {b! sb{nopabwbxf-! qrvwb•ojn! j! aesfmojn!amf{ebnb!j!nbmqjhjkfwjn!dfw•jdbnb!q•fmf-!b!jtup!j!v! efcfmpn! dsfwv! )sfluvnv*! ! j! v! sf{fswpbsv! puspwof! amf{ef/! [bsbafoj!pshboj!tf!tuwsexbwbkv-!qptubkv!mpnrjwj!j!qpdsof/!Qsj! p|uf~fxv! pshbob! {b! sb{nopabwbxf! obtuvqb! qpuqvob! cftqmpeoptu! nbujdf/! Cpmftu! tf! ejkbhoptujdjsb! lpe! ejtfldjkf/! Nbujdv!lpkb!kf!qsftubmb!eb!qpmbaf!kbkb!usfcb!{bnfojuj/! ! 873/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qmftojn!cpmftujnb!lpe!q•fmb@! 873/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!qmftojn!cpmftujnb!lpe!q•fmb@! Tqpsf! qmftoj! eptqfwbkv! {bkfeop! tb! isbopn! v! tjtufn! {b! wbsfxf! q•fmf-! hef! qsplmjkbkv! j! qpkbwrvkv! tf! ojuj! )ijgf*/! Ijgf! eptqfwbkv! v! pshbof! j! nj|j~f! ufmb! j! jtjtbwbkv! ufmftof! tplpwf/! Sf{vmubu! uphb<! q•fmf! vhjov! j! nvnjgjdjsbkv! tf/! Qmpeob! ufmb! qmftoj! pcviwbubkv! dfmp! ufmp! q•fmf! j! {bup! tf! cpmftu! ejkbhoptujdjsb!mblp/!V!tvwjn!lp|ojdbnb!qmftof!cpmftuj!of!nphv! eb!tf!sb{wjkbkv/!

320


! 874/!\ub!kf!lsf•op!mfhmp@! 874/!\ub!kf!lsf•op!mfhmp@ Lsf•op! mfhmp! kf! cpmftu! j{b{wbob! pe! qmftoj! !Btdptqibsfb! bqjt! lpkb! obqbeb! mfhmp! b! qpoflbe! j! pesbtmf! q•fmf/! Tsf~f! tf! v! mfuxjn! nftfdjnb/! V! qppenblmpn! tubejkvnv! sb{wpkb! cpmftuj-! mfhmp! tf! qplsjwb! tb! wmblobtujn! qmftojn! ojujnb/! Tb~f! {bsbafop!qmftojnb!usfcb!eb!tf!petusboj!j{!lp|ojdf/!Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp!tf!pcj•op!tbnp!j{cpsj!tb!cpmf|~v/! ! 875/!\ub!kf!lbnfop!mfhmp@! 875/!\ub!kf!lbnfop!mfhmp@! Lbnfop! mfhmp! kf! cpmftu! j{b{wbob! pe! qmftoj! ! Btqfshjmmvt! gmbwvt-! lpkb! pcsb{vkf! tqpsf! avup{fmfof! cpkf/! V! wmbaopk! tsfejoj! ptjn! tb~b! voj|ubwb! j! mfhmp! lpkf! tf! tlbnfoj/! Tqpsf! qmftoj! tv! qptupkbof!ob!upqmpuj!b!v!tvwpk!tsfejoj!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!71°T! vhjov! {b! 41! njo/! Kfeopqspdfouoj! sbtuwps! tvcmjnbub-! lbscpmob! ljtfmjob! j! 6&! sbtuwps! gpsnbmjob! kf! vcjkb/! Qmftbo! eptqfwb! v! lp|ojdv!tb!qpmfopn-!{bup!|up!tv!tqpsf!mblp!qsfoptjwf!wfuspn/! [b!tqsf•bwbxf!pcprfxb!ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!pesabwb!ijhjkfob!v! q•fmjxblv-! b! jtup! j! qsj! nf|bxv! v! ajwpu! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb-! v! lpnf!kf!pulsjwfob!ub!wstub!qmftoj/! ! 876/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!tb~fn!v!lpnf!tf!vqmftojwjp!qpmfo@ 876/!\ub!usfcb!vsbejuj!tb!tb~fn!v!lpnf!tf!vqmftojwjp!qpmfo@! vsbejuj!tb!tb~fn!v!lpnf!tf!vqmftojwjp!qpmfo@! Petusbxjwbxf! qmftoj! tb! qpmfob! kf! j{mj|op-! {bup! |up! kf! po!wf~!ofvqpusfcrjw!{b!isbov!{b!q•fmf/!Pof!hb!j{cbdvkv!ob!eop! lp|ojdf-!qptmf!•fhb!tf!ptv|j!j!tuwseof/![bup!|up!tf!tlbnfxfo! qpmfo!uf|lp!petusbxvkf!j{!tb~b-!obkcprf!kf!eb!tf!pop!qsfupqj!j! pe!epcjkfoph!wptlb!eb!tf!obqsbwf!opwf!tbuof!ptopwf/!! ! 877/!Lblp!obtubkf!dsob!cpmftu!lpe!q•fmb@! 877/!Lblp!obtubkf!dsob!cpmftu!lpe!q•fmb@! Dsob! cpmftu! lpe! q•fmb! obtubkf! lpe! nferjlpwf! qb|f/! Tnjtbp!kf!v!upnf!eb!tf!v!nferjdj!tbesaf!sb{oj!pcmjdj!qmftoj-! lpkf! eptqfw|j! v! tjtufn! {b! wbsfxf! q•fmf! qsj! tblvqrbxv! nferjlf-! j{b{jwbkv! qpsfnf~bk! v! sb{nfoj! nbufsjkb/! Qswj! {obl! pcprfxb! kf! hvcjubl! emb•jdb-! sf{vmubu! •fhb! kf! cpkfxf! ijujob!

321


obufmv! q•fmf! v! dsop-! |up! kf! wjerjwp/! [bup! tf! j! hpwpsj! p! dsopk! cpmftuj/! Lpe! qsjisbof! q•fmb! upqmjn! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! {obdj! pcprfxb! j|•f{bwbkv/! Q•fmf! p{esbwrvkv! j! blp! tf! qsfnftuf! ob! esvhp!nftup!hef!ofnb!nferjlpwf!qb|f/!! ! 878/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfqujlfnjkj!q•fmb@! 878/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!tfqujlfnjkj!q•fmb@! Cpmftu!tfqujlfnjkb!tf!epcjkb!pe!cblufsjkf!!Qtfvepnpobt!! bqjtfqujdvt/! Tsf~f! tf! lpe! pesbtmji! q•fmb! ! j! jtqprbwb! tf! v! oftqptpcoptuj!eb!mfuf!j!v!qsjnfuopn!sb{mbhbxv!uljwb!vhjovmji! q•fmb!ob!qptfcof!efmpwf!)pe!ufmb!tf!pewbkbkv!ophf-!lsjmb-!hmbwb-! hsvej! j! es/*/! Cblufsjkf! eptqfwbkv! v! ufmp! q•fmf! qsflp! ejtbkoji! pshbob-!b!lbeb!ep}v!v!lswov!uf•optu!)ifnpmjngv*!obtubkf!cpmftu/! Jogfldvkb!tf!|jsj!v!wmbaopk!tsfejoj/!V!tvwpk!tsfejoj!j{b{jwb•! cpmftuj! vhjof/! [bsbafof! q•fmf! qp•jxv! qptmfexpn! tobhpn! eb! usrbkv! uscv|•j~! {bexjn! ophbnb! j! qptmf! uphb! lbeb! jn! tvsmjdf! vtbiov-! vhjov/! Cpmftu! npaf! eb! tf! ejkbhoptujdjsb! ub•op! tbnp! qsj! cblufsjpmp|lpn!jtqjujwbxv/!Mf•fxf!q•fmb! tf! qspwpej! lsp{! qsjisbxjwbxf! q•fmb! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpnv! lpnf! kf! epebub! mjnvotlb! ljtfmjob/! Qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! eb! tf! epebkf!cjpnjdjo!jmj!mfwpnjdjo!qp!61!nh/!ob! 2! mjubs! tjsvqb! obqsbwrfoph! v! peoptv! 2;2! )2! m/! wpef! ob! 2! lh/! Tm/!:7! |f~fsb*!)tm/!:7*/! ! 879/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wjsvtopk!qbsbmj{j!q•fmb@! 879/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!wjsvtopk!qbsbmj{j!q•fmb@! Wjsvtob! qbsbmj{b! q•fmb! kf! jogfldjpop! pcprfxf! pesbtmji! q•fmb-! j{b{wbop! qp{obujn! wjsvtpn/! [obdj! tv! tmfef~j;! q•fmf! ob! qsb{op! qplv|bwbkv! eb! v{mfuf-! ejtbxf! jn! kf! vcs{bop-! abp•oj! bqbsbu! jn! tf! lsf~f! ofqsfljeop/! Sf{vmubu! tubmop! esiubwji! qplsfub! kf! tmbcrfxf! jotflub/! Q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! tf! pcj•op! pqpsbwf! pe! cpmftuj-! bmj! hvcjubl! q•fmb! lpe! kblf! jogfldjkf!npaf!eb!cvef!{ob•bkbo/!! !

322


87:/!\ub!kf!njb{b@! 87:/!\ub!kf!njb{b@! Njb{b!kf!qbsb{juop! pcprfxf!j{b{wbop! pe!nvif-!qsf!twfhb! pe! wstuf! ! Tfopubjojb! usjdvtqjt-! Nfmbmpodib! spoobj-! Tbsdpqibhb! tvssvcfb-! Spoebojppftusvt! bqjwpsvt-! Nzjbqjt! bohfmmptj/! Nvif! qpmpaf! kbkb! )oflf! wstuf! sb}bkv! sb{wjkfof! mbswf*! v! puwpsfop! mfhmp-! b! jtup! j! qp! hsvejnb! j! uscv|•j~v! pesbtmf! q•fmf-! hef! tf! sb{wjkbkv! pesbtmj! jotfluj/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! nvif! voj|ubwbkv! lblp! mfhmp!ublp!j!pesbtmf!q•fmf/!Pwp!pcprfxf!kf!sbtqsptusbxfop!kf! v!ofljn!pcmbtujnb!TTTS-!hef!vhjxbwbkv!dfmb!q•fmjxb!esv|uwb/!! ! 881/!Lpkj!tv!tqprb|xj!{obdj!ejkbsfkf!lpe!q•fmb@! 881/!Lpkj!tv!tqprb|xj!{obdj!ejkbsfkf!lpe!q•fmb@! Lpe!evhpusbkof!{jnf-!qp!qpmfubrdj!j!qpenfub•v!v!lp|ojdj! qpkbwrvkv! tf! lbgfobtuf! njsj|rbwf! lbqj! pe! j{mv•fwjob! q•fmb! )j{nfub*/! V{spdj! uphb! tv! ofpehpwbsbkv~f! {bmjif! nfeb-! epcjkfoph! pe! nferjlf! tb! kfmf-! wsftlb! j! es/! Pwb! nferjlb! tbesaj! wfmjlj! qspdfobu! oftwbsrjwji! |f~fsb! efltusjob-! lpkj! qsfwsfnfop! qsfqvxbwbkv! {bexf! dsfwp! q•fmf! tb! j{mv•fwjobnb! )j{nfupn*/! Lbeb!ufajob!{bexfh!dsfwb!qsf}f!57-4&!pe!xfof!ufajof-!b!{cph! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb! q•fmb! of! npaf! eb! j{mfuj! j{! lp|ojdf-!pob!qp•jxf!eb!j{cbdvkf!j{nfu!v!xpk/! ! 882/!Lblp!obtubkf!{buwps!lpe!q•fmb@! 882/!Lblp!obtubkf!{buwps!lpe!q•fmb@! [buwps! lpe! q•fmb! kf! of{bsb{op! pcprfxf/! Pe! xfhb! pcpmfwbkv! qswfotuwfop! nmbef! q•fmf/! Qswpcjubo! ob{jw! uf! cpmftuj-! lpkj! of! pesbabwb! wfsop! xfov! tv|ujov-! cjp! kf! nbktlb! cpmftu/! Lbsblufsjtuj•bo! {obl! kf! kblp! obevwbxf! uscv|•j~b! q•fmf-!lpkj!kf!nbmp!qpejhovu!ob!hpsf-!{bup!|up!kpk!kf!efcfmp!dsfwp! qsfqvxfop! hvtujn! ofqsfsb}fojn! ptubdjnb! isbof/! Q•fmf! tf! uf|lp! ptmpcb}bkv! uphb! j! ob! qpmfubrdj! j! ob! {jepwjnb! lp|ojdf! vp•bwbkv!tf!lpo•btuf!j{mv•fwjof!)j{nfuj*/!Ptopwoj!v{spl!qpkbwf! {buwpsb! kf! ofeptububl! wpef-! lpkv! q•fmf! uf|lp! epcjkbkv! v! ofqpwprojn! lmjnbutljn! vtmpwjnb/! Sf{vmubu! uphb! kf! eb! ojtv! v! tubxv! eb! qsfsbef! qpmfo-! efcfmp! dsfwp! jn! tf! qsfqvoj! tb! j{mv•fwjobnb!j!tnbxvkf!tf!nphv~optu!j{mv•jwbxb/!Lpe!{buwpsb!

323


kf! lpsjtop! q•fmf! qsjisbxjwbuj! upqmjn! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! obqsbwrfojn!v!peoptv!4!;!3!)4!mjusb!wpef!ob!3!lh/!|f~fsb*/!! ! 883/! \ub! kf! qp{obup! p! nbtopk! efhfofsbdjkj! kbkoji! dfw•jdb! lpe! nbujdf@! nbujdf@! Nbtob! efhfofsbdjkb! kbkoji! dfw•jdb! nbujdf! kf! of{bsb{ob! cpmftu! qsj! •fnv! dfw•jdf! ptubkv! qsb{of-! cf{! ~fmjkb-! ubxf! tf-! b! kbkojdj! epcjkbkv! av~lbtuv! ojkbotv/! Lpe! penblmph! tubejkvnb! cpmftuj!obtuvqb!qpuqvob!efhfofsbdjkb!kbkojlb/!! ! 884/!\ub!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf!{b•fqrfxf!kbkpwpeb!lpe!nbujdf@! 884/!\ub!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf!{b•fqrfxf!kbkpwpeb!lpe!nbujdf@! [b•fqrfxf! kbkpwpeb! lpe! nbujdf! obk•f|~f! kf! {cph! {bqv|bwbxb! usvupwf! tqfsnf! qptmf! pqmp}fxb! )lpqvmbdjkf*/! Sf{vmubu! uphb! kf! eb! nbujdb! of! npaf! eb! qpmbaf! kbkb! j! vhjof/! Up! npaf! eb! tf! eftj! j! qsj! {bqv|bwbxv! xfof! wbhjof! tb! pqmpeojn! {oblpn!usvub/!! ! 885/!Qptupkf!mj!q•fmf!bmcjoptj@! 885/!Qptupkf!mj!q•fmf!bmcjoptj@ Bmcjoptj!tf!ob{jwbkv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf!j!usvupwj!lpe!lpkji! tv! efp! ufmb! j! p•j! cf{cpkoj! {cph! ofeptubulb! qjhnfoub/! Ub! efhfofsbdjkb! kf! v{spl! ofopsnbmoph! sb{wpkb! vtmfe! qspevafulb! {bqbub! v! tspetuwv/! Pwp! tf! of! peoptj! ob! cfmpplf! usvupwf-! {bup! |up! tv! xjipwf! p•j! opsnbmop! pcpkfof-! bmj! tv! qplsjwfof! cfmj•btupn! tublmbtupn! pqopn-! lpkb! npaf! mblp! eb! tf! petusboj! qjodfupn/! Q•fmf! bmcjoptj! of! nphv! eb! tf! mf•f! pqfsbujwojn! qvufn!j!{bup!blp!tf!qpkbwf!v!lp|ojdj-!nbujdv!usfcb!{bnfojuj/!! ! 886/!Jnb!mj!q•fmb!ljlmpqb@! 886/!Jnb!mj!q•fmb!ljlmpqb@! Q•fmf!ljlmpqj!tsf~v!tf!nophp!sfulp/!Up!tv!q•fmf!lpe!lpkji! tv! pcb! tmpafob! )! gbtfuob*! plb! tqpkfob! v! kfeop! wfmjlp! plp-! lpkf! pcviwbub!dfmp!ufnf/!! ! 887/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!nsuwb!kbkb@ 887/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!nsuwb!kbkb@! wrbkv!nsuwb!kbkb@!

324


Nsuwb! kbkb! tv! ob{wbob! kbkb! qpmpafob! pe! nbujdf! bmj! tv! oftqptpcob! {b! ebrj! sb{wpk-! uk/! pe! lpkji-! vtmfe! hfofutlph! p|uf~fxb!v!pshboj{nv!nbujdf-!ojlbeb!of~f!eb!tf!j{mfaf!mbswb/! Nsuwb! kbkb! pqmp}fob! nbujdb! qpmbaf! v! ~fmjkf! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! /! Pob!{besabwbkv!evhp!wsfnf!pcmjl-!bmj!tf!of!sb{wjkbkv/!V!ublwpn! tmv•bkv!pcbwf{op!usfcb!{bnfojuj!nbujdv/!! ! 888/!\ub!kf!nsuwp!mfhmp@! 888/!\ub!kf!nsuwp!mfhmp@! Nsuwp! tf! ob{jwb! mfhmp! lpkf! tf! sb{wjkb! opsnbmop! ep! tubejkvnb! mvulf! j! vhjof/! Ub! qpkbwb! tmj•ob! kf! qpkbwj! nsuwji! kbkb-! bmj!tb!upn!sb{mjlpn!|up!vhjov~f!mfhmb!obtuvqb!lbtojkf/!V{spl!kf! hfofutlp!p|uf~fxf!v!pshboj{nv!nbujdf-!lpkb!usfcb!eb!tf!{bnfoj/! ! 889/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!pcsovup!mfhmp@! 889/!\ub!tf!qpesb{vnfwb!qpe!pcsovup!mfhmp@! Pcsovup!mfhmp!kf!sfulb!j!joufsftbouob!qpkbwb-!qsj!•fnv!tv! q•fmjxf!mbswf!v!~fmjkbnb!qptubwrfof!pcsovup-!uk/!tb!hmbwpn!lb! eov!~fmjkf/!V!upn!qpmpabkv!pof!tf!sb{wjkbkv!opsnbmop-!bmj!qp|up! of!nphv!eb!qsphsj{v!qplmpqbd!~fmjkf-!vhjov/!! ! 88:/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!joevtusjktlpn!uspwbxv!q•fmb@! 88:/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!joevtusjktlpn!uspwbxv!q•fmb@! Joevtusjktlp! uspwbxf! q•fmb! j{b{jwb! kfejxfxf! bstfob! j! gmvpsb! lpkf! j{mb{j! j{! gbcsj•lji! ejnxblb! v! wjev! qfqfmb! j! ejnb/! Pwb! ifnjktlb! kfejxfxb! {bhb}vkv! plpmov! tsfejov! ob! eftfujof!ljmpnfubsb!j!eptqfwbkv!ob!dwfupwf!cjrblb!tb!lpkji!ji! q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! {bkfeop! tb! oflubspn/! V! ublwjn! pcmbtujnb! pehbkbxf!q•fmb!kf!ofnphv~f/!! ! 891/!Lblp!tf!pesbabwb!{bhb}fxf!plpmof!tsfejof!ob!q•fmf@ 891/!Lblp!tf!pesbabwb!{bhb}fxf!plpmof!tsfejof!ob!q•fmf@! {bhb}fxf!plpmof!tsfejof!ob!q•fmf@! V! sfkpojnb! tb! gbcsjlbnb! {b! qspj{wpexv! tvqfsgptgbub-! pcpkfoji!nfubmb-!tublmbstlji!qspj{wpeb-!djhmf!j!es/!ptmpcb}bkv! tf!upltj•of!nbufsjkf!{b!q•fmf-!!v!wjev!hbtb!jmj!qsb|jof/!Ublwj! tv! bstfopwb! kfejxfxb-! tvnqpsejpltje-! tvnqpswpepojl-! tvnqpsob-! tpob-! b{puob! j! esvhf! ljtfmjof-! b{puoj! pltje-! ajwb-!

325


djol-!pmpwp-!nftjoh-!lbenjk!j!es/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!ob!sbtupkbxv!3!–.!23! ln/pe!ublwji!qsfev{f~b!of!nphv!eb!tf!hbkf!q•fmf/!! ! 892/!\ub!j{b{jwb!uspwbxf!isbopn!lpe!q•fmb@! 892/!\ub!j{b{jwb!uspwbxf!isbopn!lpe!q•fmb@! Uspwbxf! isbopn! lpe! q•fmb! j{b{jwb! v{jnbxf! puspwoji! efmpwb! cjrblb! j! puqbeoji! wpeb/! Uspwbxb! pe! sb{oji! |ufuoji! nbufsjkb! )obk•f|~f! bmlbmpjej*! vp•fob! tv! qptmf! lpo{vnbdjkf! qpmfob! tblvqrfoph! tb! oflji! nfepoptoji! cjrblb! lbp! dsoj! mvl-! ejwrj! sv{nbsjo-! abwpsxbl-! cvskbo-! lpxtlj! )ejwrj*! lftufo-! rvuj~! j! es/! Uspwbxf! q•fmb! joevtusjktlpn-! ofepwprop! qsf•j|~fopn! wpepn-! jtup! tf! •ftup! kbwrb/! Sf{vmubu! uphb;! lsfubxf! q•fmb! qptubkf! oftjhvsop! )pof! qp•jxv! eb! usfqfsf*-! nmbep! mfhmp! vhjxbwb! jmj! tf! qpkbwrvkv! efhfofsbdjkf! b! nbujdf! qptubkv!usvupwlf!)wjej!qjubxf!99*/! ! 893/!Nphv!mj!q•fmf!eb!qsfoftv!v!nfe!njlsppshboj{nf-!j{b{jwb•f! {bsb{oji!cpmftuj@! {bsb{oji!cpmftuj@! V! qsp|mptuj! tf! tnbusbmp! eb! j{b{jwb•j! {bsb{oji! cpmftuj! lpe! rvej! )qsf! twfhb! tbmnpofmp{b-! ej{foufsjkb! j! es/*! lpkj! tv! qsbluj•op! sbtqsptusbxfoj! twveb! )v! wpej-! qmpepwjnb-! qpws~v! jue/*!nphv!eb!tf!qsfoftv!j!v!nfe/!Eplb{bop!kf!nf}vujn!eb!nfe!of! tbesaj! wjsvmfouof! njlsppshboj{nf-! pqbtof! {b! rvef/! Obqspujw! •bl! j! qsj! wf|ub•lpn! {bsbabwbxv! poj! vhjov/! Nfe! jnb! cblufsjdjeop! efktuwp-! uk/! vcjkb! njlsppshboj{nf! jmj! tqsf•bwb! xjipw! sb{wpk/! Fup! {b|up! kf! cpkb{bo-! eb! q•fmf! qsfoptf! qbuphfof! pshboj{nf!v!nfe-!ofptopwbob/! ! !

Ef{jogfldjkb-!!{b|ujub-!!ifnjlbmjkf! Ef{jogfldjkb-!!{b|ujub-!!ifnjlbmjkf! ! 894/!_jnf!tf!pcsb}vkv!lpaof!q•fmbstlf!svlbwjdf@! 894/!_jnf!tf!pcsb}vkv!lpaof!q•fmbstlf!svlbwjdf@! Lpaof! q•fmbstlf! svlbwjdf! usfcb! cbs! kfeopn! v! hpejoj! eb! tf! pqfsv! v! cfo{jov! b! qptmf! uphb! eb! tf! pqfsv! tbqvopn! v! imbeopk! wpej/! Lbeb! tf! ptv|f! obnbav! tf! nb|~v/! Jqbl! obkvepcojkf! kf!

326


sbejuj! tb! wvofojn! svlbwjdbnb! tb! ewptusvljn! qmfujwpn-! lsp{! lpkf! q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! vcbebkv! svlf! q•fmbsb/! Pof! of! tqsf•bwbkv! qplsfuf! j! of! {opkf! svlf/! Ptubdj! ob! xjnb! pe! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! j! qspqpmjtb! petusbxvkv! tf! obkqsf! cfo{jopn! b! qpupn! tbqvopn! j! wpepn/! ! 895/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!gptgpsob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 895/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!gptgpsob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Gptgpsob! ljtfmjob! )I4QP5*! tf! lpsjtuj! v! q•fmbstuwv! {b! petusbxjwbxf-! ofqsjkbuof! {b! plp-! tjwlbtuf! ojkbotf! ob! wptlv! lpkb!tf!epcjkb!lpe!lvwbxb!wp|ujof!v!nfubmopn!tvev/!V!upn!djrv! tf!lpsjtuj!21&!sbtuwps!gptgpsof!ljtfmjof-!lbeb!tf!ob!2!mjubs! epeb! 211! nm/! Ljtfmjof/! [b! lvwbxf! -! ob! kfebo! ufajotlj! efp! sbtuwpsb!v{jnb!tf!3!efmb!wptlb/!Qptmf-!qp|up!tf!pimbej-!wptbl! usfcb!qpopwp!qsfupqjuj!v! •jtupk!wpej-!eb!cj!tf!epcjmb!afrfob! cpkb/!Qsj!pwpk!pcsbej!gj{j•lb!twpktuwb!nv!tf!of!nfxbkv/!! ! 896/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!tvnqpsob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 896/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!tvnqpsob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Tvnqpsob! ljtfmjob! )I3TP5*! tf! lpsjtuj! v! q•fmbstuwv! {b! petusbxjwbxf! qsrbw|ujof! j{! wptlb-! qsf! twfhb! qpmfob/! Sb{sf}vkf! tf! v! peoptv! 2! ;! 6! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! 1-2! m/! ljtfmjof! epebkf!tf!qptufqfop!v!1-6!m/!wpef!)ojlblp!pcsovup*/!Blp!tf!wpeb! obmjwb!v!ljtfmjov!pob!fltqmpejsb!j!j{b{jwb!pqbtof!pqflpujof/! Epcjkfoj!sbtuwps!tf!tjqb!v!sbtupqrfoj!wptbl!v!peoptv!2!m/!wpef! ;!3!lh/!wptlb!;!211!nm/!sb{sf}fof!tvnqpsof!ljtfmjof!!j!lvwb!tf!21! njo/!Qptmf!imb}fxb!wptbl!usfcb!eb!tf!qsfupqj!v!•jtupk!wpej/! ! 897/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!tjs~fuob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 897/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!tjs~fuob!ljtfmjob!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Tjs~fuob! ljtfmjob! )DI4DPPI*! tf! lpsjtuj! v! q•fmbstuwv! {b!ef{jogfldjkv!tb~b/!Qsfnb!qpebdjnb!oflji!tqfdjkbmjtub!ob!2! n/! lvcoj! qsptupsb! lp|ojdf! ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! ! 3! m/! ufioj•lf! tjs~fuof! ljtfmjof-! lpkb! tf! qptubwj! eb! tf! jtqbsbwb! j{! qbnv•of! ulbojof! xpnf! oblwb|fof-! qptubwrfof! v! tve/! Qbsf! tjs~fuof!ljtfmjof!tv!ufaf!pe!wb{evib!j!qbebkv!ob!epmf/!Eb!cj!tf! {besabmp! efktuwp! ob! tb~f-! obknbxf! {b! kfeov! tfenjdv-! twf!

327


qvlpujof-! lsp{! lpkf! nphv! qbsf! eb! j{mb{f! wbo-! pcmfqrvkv! tf! usblpn/! Pwb! qspdfevsb! qpnbaf! voj|ubwbxv! wptlpwph! nprdb! v! twjn! tubejkjnb! j! tqpsb! qbsb{jub! j{b{jwb•b! cpmftuj! op{fnp{f! )wjej!qjubxf!82:!–.!834*/! ! 898/![b|up!of!usfcb!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!|bmjusb!v!ejnjmjdj@! 898/![b|up!of!usfcb!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!|bmjusb!v!ejnjmjdj@! V! ejnjmjdj! of! usfcb! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! |bmjusb! {bup! |up! tf! qsj! xfopn! tbhpsfwbxv! tuwbsb! b{pupltje! lpkj! kf! puspwbo! {b! q•fmf/!! ! 899/! Lpkj! qsfqbsbu! usfcb! eb! lpsjtuj! q•fmbs! {b! ef{jogfldjkv! svlv@! svlv@! [b! ef{jogfldjkv! svlv! lpsjtuf! tf! sb{oj! ifnjktlj! qsfqbsbuj!pe!lpkji!kf!obkqp{obujkj!impstfqupm/!Ob!bncbmbaj!jnb! vqvutuwp-! lpkf! qplb{vkf! lpkb! lpmj•job! nbufsjkf! usfcb! eb! tf! sbtuwpsj! v! wpej! eb! cj! tf! epcjp! ofpqipebo! sbtuwps! {b! ef{jogfldjkv/! ! 89:/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qsfqbsbu!gspv!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@ 89:/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!qsfqbsbu!gspv!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj@! Qsfqbsbu! )uf•optu*! gspv! tbtupkj! tf! pe! 3! efmb! ojuspcfo{pmb-! 3! efmb! cfo{job! j! 2! efmb! vrb! pe! vrbof! sfqjdf! )jmj! tvodplsfub*/! Sbojkf! kf! lpsj|~fo! qspujw! cpmftuj! blbsp{f! )wjej! qjubxf! 837! .! 83:*-! bmj! qp|up! kf! vuws}fop! eb! tv! nv! qbsf! |ufuof!{b!mfhmp-!wj|f!tf!of!vqpusfcrbwb/!! ! 8:1/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!tvnqpsb!kf!qpusfcob!eb!cj!tf!voj|ujmj!mbswf! j!mfqujsj!wptlpwph!nprdb@! j!mfqujsj!wptlpwph!nprdb@! [b! tjhvsop! voj|ubwbxf! mbswj! )hvtfojdb*! j! mfqujsb! wptlpwph!nprdb!ofpqipeop!kf!eb!tf!{bqbmj!36!hs/!•jtuph!tvnqpsb! ob!2!n/!lvcoj!qsptupsb!lp|ojdf/! ! 8:2/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!21&!sbtuwps!gpsnbmjob@! 8:2/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!21&!sbtuwps!gpsnbmjob@! Gpsnbmjo! tf! qspebkf! lbp! 51&! wpefoj! sbtuwps! gpsnbmefijeb/! [bup! |up! kf! nophp! kbl! lpo{fswjsbkv~j! qsfqbsbu!

328


usfcb! eb! tf! sb{sfej! wpepn;! ob! 2! efp! gpsnbmjopwph! sbtuwpsb! epeb! tf! 4! efmb! wpef! j! qptmf! nf|bxb! epcjkb! tf! hpupw! ef{jogfldjpoj! sbtuwps/! Xjnf! tf! pcsb}vkv! sbnpwj! j! tb~f! tb! lpkji! tv! qsfuipeop! petusbxfoj! j{nfuj-! j{mv•foj! pe! q•fmb/! Sbnpwj!usfcb!eb!qsftupkf!v!sbtuwpsv!35!tbub/![b!up!wsfnf!tqpsf! bnfsj•lf!usvmfaj!of!nphv!eb!tf!voj|uf!•bl!j!lpe!31&!sbtuwpsb! gpsnbmjob/!! ! 8:3/! Lblp! j! •jnf! tf! ef{jogjlvkv! lp|ojdf! lpe! qpopwof! vqpusfcf@! vqpusfcf@! Qptmf! qbarjwph! nfiboj•lph! •j|~fxb! lp|ojdf! tf! phpsfwbkv! cfo{jotlpn! mbnqpn! j! qfsv! tf! wsv~jn! 6&! sbtuwpspn! lbvtuj•of! tpef! jmj! 4&! impstfqupmpwjn! sbtuwpspn/! Qptmf! tv|fxb!usfcb!eb!tf!p•jtuf!|njshmpn-!eb!tf!petusboj!qsb|job!j! eb! tf! oboftf! cpkb! )j{ovusb! tsfcsobtub! b! tqprb! mbuflt! cpkb*/! Qsjqsfnrfob!ob!ubk!ob•jo!lp|ojdb!npaf!eb!tf!lpsjtuj!qpopwp/! ! 8:4/!\ub!kf!gpmcflt@! 8:4/!\ub!kf!gpmcflt@! Gpmcflt!kf!opwp!mflpwjup!tsfetuwp!lpkf!tf!lpsjtuj!qspujw! blbsp{f! )wjej! qjubxf! 846! –.! 84:*/! Sb{sb}fo! kf! v! \wbkdbstlpk! j! jnb! :7&! fgjlbtoptu/! Lpsjtuj! tf! tb! wfmjljn! vtqfipn! v! nophjn! {fnrbnb/!V!ofljn!{fnrbnb!qpnp~v!pwph!qsfqbsbub!qsbluj•op!kf! cjmb!mjlwjejsbob!pwb!cpmftu!qpuqvop/!! ! 8:5/! Lpkb! lpmj•job! bstfopltjeb! kf! tnsupoptob! {b! q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! sbejmjdf@! Mfubmob! )tnsupoptob*! ep{b! bstfopltjeb! )BT3P4*! {b! kfeov! q•fmv! kf! 1-1111116! hsbnb/! Up! {ob•j! eb! 2! hs/! uph! puspwb! npaf! eb! voj|uj! 21! njmjpob! q•fmb! uk/! plp! 361! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb/! Fup! {b|up! gpsnjsbxf! q•fmjxblb! v! joevtusjktljn! pcmbtujnb-! {bhb}fojn!bstfopwjn!pltjepn-!kf!cftlpsjtop/!! ! 8:6/!Lblbw!vujdbk!qplb{vkv!hbtpwj!ob!q•fmf@! 8:6/!Lblbw!vujdbk!qplb{vkv!hbtpwj!ob!q•fmf@!

329


V! sf{vmubuv! jtusbajwbxb! efktuwb! sb{mj•juji! hbtpwb! ob! q•fmf! )obqsjnfs! fubs-! impspgpsn-! bnpojkfw! ojusbu-! vhrfoejpltje! j! es/*! vtubopwrfop! kf! eb! pqjkfof! q•fmf-qp|up! j{b}v!j{!uph!tubxb-!of!wsb~bkv!tf! ob!qswpcjuop!nftup!j!mfuf!ep! nftub! hef! tv! cjmf! pqjkfof/! Ofpqmp}fob! nbujdb! qp•jxf! eb! qpmbaf! usvupwtlb! kbkb-! cf{! eb! j{ws|j! pqmpeoj! mfu! j! lpe! xf! tf! kbwrbkv! {obdj! dsof! cpmftuj! )wjej! qjubxf! 877*/! Ptjn! uphb! qspcv}fof! q•fmf! tf! qsp•jtuf! v! usbkbxv! pe! kfeoph! tbub/! Nb! eb! hbtpwj! tqprb! of! qplb{vkv! ojlblwp! tv|ujotlp! efktuwp! ob! q•fmf-! tb! ejtfldjkpn! kf! eplb{bop-! eb! v! vovusb|xjn! pshbojnb! obtubkv! tv|ujotlf! j{nfof/! Nmbef! q•fmf! ptubsf! qsfwsfnfop/! V! bunptgfsj! {bhb}fopk! hbtpwjnb-! pshboj{bn! jotflub! {b! 3! njo/! ptubsj! {b! oflpmjlp! tfenjdb<! q•fmb! lpkb! kf! tbnp! •jtujmb! lp|ojdv! pekfeopn! qptubkf! j{mfuojdb/! Tmj•op! efktuwp! )! lbp! lpe! hbtpwb*! qplb{vkf! ob! q•fmf! j! hmbe/! Qpob|bxf! qsjwjeop! nsuwji! q•fmb-!tqb|foji!pe!q•fmbsb!v!qptmfexfn!npnfouv!qsfe!vhjov~f! kf!jtup!lbp!j!lpe!q•fmb!p|bnv~foji!hbtpwjnb/! ! 8:7/! Lblp! tf! tuwbsb! sbktlj! hbt! j! lblwv! qsjnfov! jnb! v! q•fmbstuwv@! q•fmbstuwv@! Sbktlj! hbt! )! O3P*! lpsjtuj! tf! v! q•fmbstuwv! {b! pqjkbxf! q•fmb! )wjej! qjubxf! 912*/! Epcjkb! tf! pe! bnpojkfwph! ojusbub! lpkj! tf! sbtuwbsb! v! wpej! v! peoptv! 2! ;! 2/! V! sbtuwps! tf! qpupqj! wbub! j! ptubwj! tf! eb! tf! ptv|j/! Qptmf! uphb! nbmp! qbs•f! wbuf! )lpmjlp! lpdlb! |f~fsb*! cbdj! tf! ob! sbtqbrfoj! abs! v! ejnjmjdj/! Qsj! j{hbsbxv! tf! pcsb{vkf! sbktlj! hbt/! Blp! tf! lsp{! mfup! qvtuj! ejnjmjdpn! sbktlj! hbt! v! {buwpsfov! lp|ojdv-! q•fmf! v! xpk! tf! usfovuop! pqjkv! j! qbebkv/! Pof! usfcb! penbi!eb! tf! tjqbkv! ob! qbs•f! ulbojof!j!eb!tf!ptubwf!ob!•jtupn!wb{eviv!eb!j{b}v!j{!uph!tubxb/! Pwb!nbojqvmbdjkb!{biufwb!nophp!wfmjlv!qbaxv-!{bup!|up!wfmjlb! ep{b!sbktlph!hbtb!npaf!eb!vcjkf!twf!q•fmf/!Epwprof!tv!3!obkwj|f! 4!tusvkf!ejnb!j{!pcj•of!ejnjmjdf!tb!lpaojn!nfipn/!! ! 8:8/!V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!pqjkbkv!q•fmf@! 8:8/!V!lpkjn!tmv•bkfwjnb!tf!pqjkbkv!q•fmf@

330


[bup! |up! pqjkbxf! q•fmb! jnb! qsbuf~f! ofqsjkbuof! qptmfejdf! pop! usfcb! eb! tf! qsjnfxvkf! tbnp! v! j{v{fuojn! tmv•bkfwjnb-! obqsjnfs! lbeb! usfcb! eb! tf! qsfnftuf! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb!j{!ws|lbsf!v!tbwsfnfov!lp|ojdv/!Qptmf!pqjkbxb!q•fmb! qsfuipeob!!lp|ojdb!usfcb!penbi!eb!tf!vlmpoj!b! ob!xfop!nftup! eb!tf!tubwj!•jtub-!b!mfup!ob!xpk!eb!cvef!ob!jtupk!wjtjoj/!Ob!xv! tf! qsj•wstuj! tub{jdb! ob! lpkv! tf! jtjqbkv! pqjkfof! q•fmf-! lpkf! tf! wf~! cvef/! Nbujdb! usfcb! penbi! ! eb! tf! qspob}f! j! pcfmfaj/! Obkcprf! kf! eb! tf! {bnfoj! opwpn-! {bup! |up! obslp{b! npaf! eb! kpk! oboftf! |ufuv/! Tb~f! tb! mfhmpn! tf! qptubwrb! v! opwf! sbnpwb/! Tmfef~j!ebo!q•fmf!nphv!eb!tf!qsjisbof/!! ! 8:9/!Lpmjlp!wsfnfob!usfcb!eb!usbkf!pqjkfop!tubxf!q•fmb!qsj! lpsj|~fxv!sbktlph!hbtb@! lpsj|~fxv!sbktlph!hbtb@! Q•fmf!usfcb!eb!ptubov!v!pqjkfopn!!tubxv!plp!21!njo/!b!blp! tf! qspcvef! lbtojkf! up! {ob•j! eb! kf! ep{b! cjmb! wfmjlb/! Pqjkbxf! q•fmb!tf!of!qsfqpsv•vkf/! ! 8::/!Lblp!eb!tf!tb•vwbkv!lp|ojdf!pe!cvncbsb!eswpkfeb@! 8::/!Lblp!eb!tf!tb•vwbkv!lp|ojdf!pe!cvncbsb!eswpkfeb@! Eb!cj!tf!tb•vwbmf!lp|ojdf!pe!cvncbsb!eswpkfeb!pof!usfcb! eb! tf! obnbav! tbtubwpn! lpkj! tf! qsjqsfnb! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! qpnf|b! tf! qp! 2! {bqsfnjotlj! efp! lvijxtlf! tpmj-! dsoph! cjcfsb! tbnmfwfoph!v!qsbi-!{sob!pe!qprtlf!hpsv|jdf-!jtuvdbo!cfmj!mvl!j! mjtu!pe!qfmjob!tb!3!.–!4!efmb!tjs~fuof!ftfodjkf!j!tlvwb!tf/!Pewbs! tf! qspdfej! j! tubmpaj/! Tb! xjn! tf! obnbav! {jepwj! lp|ojdf/! Ob! ubk!ob•jo!lp|ojdb!~f!cjuj!{b|uj~fob!pe!cvncbsb! eswpkfeb!evhp! wsfnf/! ! 911/!\ub!kf!ufsbnjdjo@! 911/!\ub!kf!ufsbnjdjo@! Ufsbnjdjo!kf!boujcjpujl!lpkj!tf!epebkf!isboj!{b!q•fmf!eb! cj!tf!j{mf•jmp!mfhmp!pcpmfmp!pe!fwspqtlf!usvmfaj/!V!|f~fsoj! tjsvq-!qsjqsfnrfo!v!peoptv!2;2!epebkf!tf!311!nh/!ufsbnjdjob!ob! 2! lh/! |f~fsb/! Qptmf! qbarjwph! nf|bxb! imbebo! sbtuwps! tf! qptubwrb! v! lp|ojdv-! bmj! qsf! uphb! usfcb! eb! tf! petusbof! twf!

331


{bmjif!isbof-!ublp!eb!mflpwjub!tnf|b!cvef!kfejoj!j{wps!isbof! {b!q•fmf/! ! 912/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!plup{bou@! 912/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!plup{bou@! Plup{bou! kf! qsfqbsbu! lpkj! tf! lpsjtuj! qsj! efobuvsjtbxv! |f~fsb-! qsfewj}fopn! {b! isbov! ! {b! q•fmf/! Vtuwbsj! up! kf! plupbdfujmtbibsp{b-! nbufsjkb! pcsb{pwbob! pe! wf{f! 9! npmflvmb! tjs~fuof! ljtfmjof! tb! 2! npmflvmpn! tbibsp{f/! Plup{bou! jnb! nophp! hpsbl! vlvt! lpkj! q•fmf! of! ptf~bkv/! Pwbk! efobuvsjsbkv~j! qsfqbsbu! v! wjev! tjwplbgfoph! qsbib! nf|b! tf! tb! |f~fspn! v! lsjtubmv! j! sbtuwbsb! tf! v! wpej/! Epcjkfoj! sbtuwps! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! tbnp! {b! qsjisbov! q•fmb-! {bup! |up! kf! nophp! hpsbl/! Plup{bou!lpodfousbdjkf!1-!16!–.!1-6&!ojkf!|ufubo!{b!q•fmf/! ! 913/![b!|ub!kf!cjp!lpsj|~fo!impspgpsn!v!q•fmbstuwv@! 913/![b!|ub!kf!cjp!lpsj|~fo!impspgpsn!v!q•fmbstuwv@! Impspgpsn! kf! cjp! lpsj|~fo! {b! pqjkbxf! q•fmb! qsj! epcjkbxv!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!jtqjsbxfn/!Up!tf!sbejmp!ob!tmfef~j! ob•jn;!!v!wfmjlj!tublmfoj!mfwbl!qptubwj!tf!3-6!lh/!q•fmb!•jkf!tv! amf{ef! mv•jmf! wfmjlv! lpmj•jov! puspwb! lbp! sf{vmubu! pqjkbxb! impspgpsnpn/!Lpe!jtqjsbxb!q•fmb!eftujmjtbopn!wpepn!pwb!tf! {btjuj!q•fmjxjn!puspwpn/!Ob!!ubk!ob•jo!epcjkfoj!puspw!nf}vujn! of!npaf!eb!tf!p•jtuj!pe!sb{mj•juji!qsjnftb!j!{bup!pe!xfhb!of! npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!lwbmjufubo!mflpwjuj!qsfqbsbu/!! ! 914/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!gfopujb{jo@! 914/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!gfopujb{jo@! Gfopujb{jo! kf! avup{fmfoj! qsbi! lpkj! tf! lpsjtuj! v! cpscj! qspujw!qbsb{jub/!Usj!hsbnb!xfhb-!vwjkfob!v!ibsujkv-!qptubwj!tf!v! ejnjmjdv! j! pejnj! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! obqbeovup! cpmf|~v! csbvmp{b/! Ejnrfxf! usbkf! plp! 41! tflvoej! j! qptmf! qpmb! njovub! penpsb-!qpobwrb!tf!{b!plp!31!tflvoej/!Ejn!ojkf!|ufubo!{b!q•fmf! j! mfhmp/! Q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tf! pcsb}vkf! gfopujb{jopn! vwf•f! lbeb! tv! q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! v! lp|ojdj/! Efktuwp! qsfqbsbub! kf! obkfgjlbtojkf!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!21!–.!23!°T/! !

332


915/!\ub!usfcb!eb!jnb!bqpuflb!q•fmbsb@ 915/!\ub!usfcb!eb!jnb!bqpuflb!q•fmbsb@! puflb!q•fmbsb@! V! bqpufdj! q•fmbsb! vwfl! usfcb! eb! jnb;! •jtu! cfo{jo-! :7&! bmlpipm-! ujoluvsb! kpeb-! bdfupo-! bnqvmf! tb! lbmdjvnpn-! {bwpk-! ibo{bqmbtu-! qjodfub-! nblb{jdf-! p|ubs! opa-! wb{fmjo-! bnqvmf! besfobmjob-! |qsjd-! |qjsjuvtoj! sf|p-! bmvnjojkfw! bdfubu-! hvnfop! jmj! qmbtuj•op! dsfwp-! wpepojlpw! pltje-! qspujw{njktlj! tfsvn-!wbub-!cp•jdb!–.!lbqlpnfs-!btqjsjo-!tpeb!cjlbscpob!j!es/! ! 916/! Lblp! tf! pesbabwb! ob! q•fmf! lpsj|~fxf! ! ifnjktlji! tsfetubwb!{b!{b|ujuv!cjrblb@! tsfetubwb!{b!{b|ujuv!cjrblb@! Ifnjktlb! tsfetuwb! {b! {b|ujuv! cjrblb! )qftujdjej*! j{b{jwbkv! tmbcrfxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! j! qpnbav! sb{wpk! usvmfaj! j! esvhji! pcprfxb/! V! pesf}fojn! lpodfousbdjkbnb! tv! puspwoj!{b!q•fmf/!Upltj•op!efktuwp!jn!tf!jtqprbwb!cs{p;!penbi! qptmf!usfujsbxb!)pcsbef*!cjrblb-!q•fmf!lpkf!tblvqrbkv!tb!xji! qpmfo!j!oflubs-!qp•jxv!eb!j{vnjsv!•bl!qsf!ofhp!tv!tf!wsbujmf!v! lp|ojdv/!Tnsuoptu!tf!qspevabwb!j!v!tbnpn!q•fmjxblv!)pe!3!ep! 6!ebob*/!Pe!qftujdjeb!nphv!eb!cvev!p|uf~fof!j!nmbef!q•fmf!lpkf! of! mfuf/! V! upn! tmv•bkv! {b! joupltjlbdjkv! tv! {btmvaof! |ufuof! ifnjktlf!nbufsjkf!vofuf!v!lp|ojdv!{bkfeop!tb!oflubspn!)jotfluj! tblvqrbkv!j!qftujdjef!eptqfmf!v!xfhb*!j!obhpnjmbof!v!nfev/! ! 917/!Lpkj!qftujdjej!tv!obkpqbtojkj!{b!q•fmf@! 917/!Lpkj!qftujdjej!tv!obkpqbtojkj!{b!q•fmf@ Obkpqbtojkj! tv! dswfoj! jotflujdjej! lpkj! eptqfwbkv! v! pshboj{bn! q•fmf! tb! oflubspn-! qpmfopn! j! wpepn/!Pe! lpoubluoji! qftujdjeb! )impspshbotlb! j! esvhb! kfejxfxb*! pqbtoj! tv! poj! lpkj! qspejsv!lsp{!ijujotlj!pnpub•!jotflub/!Poj!tf!sbtuwbsbkv!obkqsf! v! tqprb|xpk-! wptlv! tmj•opk! lvujlvmj-! qptmf! lpkf! qspejsv! v! pshboj{bn! q•fmf! lsp{! nf}vtfhnfouof! tflupsf! ob! uscv|•j~v-! ophbnb!j!•vmojn!pshbojnb!)tvsmjdb-!boufof*!b!wfspwbuop!j!lsp{! nophpcspkof!puwpsf!ob!amf{ebnb!{b!mv•fxf!wptlb/!! ! 918/!Lblp!efmvkv!ob!q•fmf!ofswopqbsbmjuj•lj!qftujdjej@! 918/!Lblp!efmvkv!ob!q•fmf!ofswopqbsbmjuj•lj!qftujdjej@!

333


Pe! twji! jotflbub! q•fmb! jnb! obkcprf! sb{wjkfo! ofswoj! tjtufn-! {cph! •fhb! tv! obkptfurjwjkf! qsfnb! jotflujdjejnb! lpkj! jnbkv! ofswopqbsbmjuj•lp! efktuwp/! Qsfopt! uji! jotflujdjeb! v! ofswoj! tjtufn! q•fmf! kf! vhmbwopn! qsflp! lswof! uf•optuj! )ifnpmjngf*-! qsflp! nf}v~fmjktlji! mjngoji! qvufwb! j! v! mjqpjeojn! tvqtubodjkbnb! )nbufsjkbnb*! ob! ofswojn! ~fmjkbnb/! Ubnp!tf!poj!sbtuwbsbkv!j!j{b{jwbkv!qbsf{v!)efmjnj•ov!qbsbmj{v*/! Impspshbotlj!ofswoj!qftujdjej!epejsvkv!j!fo{jnov!blujwoptu-!j! lbp! sf{vmubu! obsv|bwb! tf! sb{nfob! bnjopljtfmjob-! wpeoj! cbmbot! j! cmpljsb! tf! ljtfmjotlp! sfevldjpoj! qspdft! j! qsfop|fxf!wpepojlb!v!pshboj{bn!q•fmf/! ! 919/! Lpkj! tv! ptopwoj! v{sjdj! {b! nbtpwop! uspwbxf! uspwbxf! q•fmb! qftujdjejnb@! qftujdjejnb@! Ptopwoj!v{spdj!{b!nbtpwop!uspwbxf!q•fmb!qftujdjejnb!tv! tmfef~j;! ofnb! ub•oph! vqvutuwb! {b!tqspwp}fxf! {b|ujuf! cjrblb-! of! qsjesabwbxf! qsbwjmb! {b! vqp{psbwbxf! q•fmbsb! {b! qsfetupkf~v! vqpusfcv! jotflujdjeb-! usfujsbxf! )pcsbeb*! cjrblb! ifnjktljn! qsfqbsbujnb! v! ebof! lbeb! tv! q•fmf! ob! qb|j-! pcsbeb! cjrblb!v!qfsjpev!vqpusfcf!qsfqbsbub!sbtqs|jwbxfn!j{!bwjpob! qsj!cs{joj!wfusb!3!n0tfl/!j!es/! !!!Tsfetuwb! {b! {b|ujuv! cjrblb! nphv! cjuj! puspwob! {b! q•fmf-|ufuob! {b! q•fmf! j! eb! sfmbujwop! ojtv! |ufuob! {b! q•fmf/Lpe! obt! tf! lpsjtuj! 68! sb{oji! blujwoji! nbufsjkb! lpkf! tv! puspwof! {b! q•fmf-! 4! blujwof! nbufsjkf! |ufuof! {b! q•fmf! J! 3:! blujwoji! nbufsjkb! lpkf! ojtv! puspwof! {b! q•fmf/Wsmp! kf! wbaop! qsp•jubuj! J! qsjesabwbuj! tf! vqvutuwb! qspj{wp}b•b! p! ep{j-! ob•jov! j! wsfnfov! usfujsbxb! cjrblb-! lblp! pwb! tsfetuwb! of! cj! oboptjmb!|ufuv!q•fmbnb/! ! 91:/!_jnf!~f!eb!cvev!{bnfxfob!ifnjktlb!tsfetuwb-!lpsj|~fob!{b! voj|ubwbxf!|ufup•job!v!tfptljn!epnb~jotuwjnb@! voj|ubwbxf!|ufup•job!v!tfptljn!epnb~jotuwjnb@! [bnfob! ifnjktlji! tsfetubwb-! lpsj|~foji! v! tfptljn! epnb~jotuwjnb-! cjpmp|ljn! nfupebnb! kf! wsmp! wbabo! qspcmfn! j!

334


{b! q•fmbstuwp/! Cjpmp|lp! voj|ubwbxf! |ufup•job! jnb! qsfjnv~tuwp-! kfs! pshboj{nj! jtlpsj|~foj! v! cjpmp|lpk! cpscj-! sb{nopabwbkv!tf!j!qptubkv!tubmob!{b|ujub!pe!{bsb{oji!cpmftuj/! Ptjn! uphb! pob-! cjpmp|lb! cpscb-! voj|ubwb! tbnp! pof! |ufup•jof! {b! lpkf! kf! pesf}fob/! V! qpsf}fxv! tb! cjpmp|lpn! {b|ujupn-! lpsj|~fob! ifnjktlb! tsfetuwb! )jotflujdjej-! bfsptpmj-! OTO! j! es/*! wpef! ep! voj|ubwbxb! of! tbnp! |ufuoji! ofhp! j! lpsjtoji! jotflbub!)v!tmv•bkv!q•fmb*/! ! 921/!Eb!mj!lpsjtujuj!sb{of!cjrlf!v!{b|ujuj!j!mf•fxv!q•fmb@! 921/!Eb!mj!lpsjtujuj!sb{of!cjrlf!v!{b|ujuj!j!mf•fxv!q•fmb@! Qpsfe! ifnjktlji! tsfetubwb! lpkb! tf! lpsjtuf! v! {b|ujuj! j! mf•fxv!q•fmb!pe!sb{oji!cpmftuj!j!|ufup•job-!nphv!tf!lpsjtujuj! j! sb{of! wstuf! mflpwjuph! cjrb! lpkf! tf! lpsjtuf! j! v! ivnbopk! nfejdjoj/! Ublp! tf! lpsjtuj! qfmfo! j! cpspwj! qvqprdj! lpe! cpscf! qspujw! wbspbup{f! )wjej! qjubxf! 868*-! cfmj! mvl! lpe! lsf•oph! mfhmb-! nbuj•xbl! lpe! qsjisbxjwbxb! q•fmb/! Twf! cjrlf! lpkf! tf! lpsjtuf!v!ivnbopk!nfejdjoj!lpsjtof!tv!j!lpe!q•fmb/! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!

Q•fmjxj!!!qspj{wpej! Q•fmjxj!!!qspj{wpej! !

N!!f!!e! N!!f!!e! ! 922/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!nfeb!{b!•pwflb@! 922/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!nfeb!{b!•pwflb@! Nfe! kf! cjpmp|lj! qvopwsfebo! qsfisbncfoj! qspj{wpe! tb! wjtpljn!tbesabkfn!hmvlp{f!j!gsvlup{f!lpkf!cs{p!qsfmb{f!v!lsw/! Fup! {b|up! kf! nfe! wsmp! wbabo! j{wps! fofshjkf-! qptfcop! {b! rvef! lpkj!tf!pqpsbwrbkv!qptmf!evhph!cpmpwbxb-!{b!tqpsujtuf-!sbeojlf! lpkj! sbef! uf|lf! gj{j•lf! qptmpwb! j! es/! Ptjn! |f~fsb-! nfe! tbesaj!wbaof!njofsbmof!tbtupklf-!fo{jnf!j!ipsnpof!lpkj!jnbkv! wfmjlp!mflpwjup!j!sfhfofsbujwop!efktuwp/! ! 923/!Lpkf!tv!mflpwjuf!ep{f!nfeb!{b!pesbtmf!j!{b!efdv@! 923/!Lpkf!tv!mflpwjuf!ep{f!nfeb!{b!pesbtmf!j!{b!efdv@!

335


Nfe! jnb! mflpwjup! efktuwp! tbnp! blp! tf! ep{jsb! qsbwjmop/! Usfcb!eb!tf!v{jnb!v!uf•opn!tubxv!usj!qvub!ob!ebo!j!up!vwfl!2-6!–.! 3! tbub! qsf! pcsplb! jmj! 4! tbub! qptmf! xfhb/! Eofwob! ep{b! {b! pesbtmf!kf!obknbxf!211!b!obkwj|f!311!hsbnb!)41!–.!71!hsbnb!vkvusv-! 51! .–! 91! hsbnb! qsflp! ebob! j! 41! –.! 71! hsbnb! vwf•f*/!Mf•fxf! nfepn! npaf! eb! usbkf! 3! nftfdb/! Efdj! tf! ebkf! usj! qvub! eofwop! qp! kfeob! lb|j•jdb! |up! pehpwbsb! qsjcmjaop! lpmj•joj! pe! 41! hsbnb! eofwop/! Qsfep{jsbxf! nfeb! wpej! qsf{btj~fxv! pshboj{nb! j! ep! vcs{bxb!efktuwb!qbolsfbtb/!! ! 924/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!nfeb!{b!sb{wpk!pepk•bej@! 924/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!nfeb!{b!sb{wpk!pepk•bej@! Pepk•be! lpkjnb! tf! nftup! |f~fsb! ebkf! nfe-! vwf~bwbkv! cs{p! ufajov! j! of! epcjkbkv! ev|fwoj! qpsfnf~bk/! V! lswopk! tmjdj! tf! {bqbab! qpwf~bxf! ifnphmpcjob! j! fsjuspdjub! )dswfoji! lswoji! {sobdb*-!{bup!|up!hwpa}f-!cblbs-!j!nbohbo-!lpkj!tf!obmb{f!v!nfev-! qpqsbwrbkv!lwbmjubujwoj!tbtubw!lswj/! ! 925/!Lblp!tf!tqsbwrb!nfefoj!cvufs@! 925/!Lblp!tf!tqsbwrb!nfefoj!cvufs@! Nfefoj! cvufs! tf! qsjqsfnb! pe! tnf|f! 71&! nfeb! j! 51&! cvufsb-! lpkb! tf! {bhsfwb! ep! 51°T! j! nf|b! tf! ep! qpuqvoph! nf|bxb! lpnqpofouj/! Pwp! kf! vtuwbsj! epcbs! ob•jo! {b! lpo{fswjsbxf! cvufsb/! Nfefoj! cvufs! kf! j{v{fuop! lpsjtob! isbob! {b! efdv/! Qptubwrfob!v!gsjajefs!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!wsmp!evhp/! ! 9226/!Lpmjlp!evhp!tf!npaf!p•vwbuj!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! 9226/!Lpmjlp!evhp!tf!npaf!p•vwbuj!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! [sfmj! nfe-! tubwrfo! v! epcsp! {buwpsfo! tve! j! v! tvwv! qsptupsjkv-! tb•vwb~f! lwbmjufu! ofphsboj•fop! wsfnf/! Ublp! ob! qsjnfs!v!Fhjquv-!lpe!puwbsbxb!hspcojdf!gbsbpob!Uvubolbnpob-! ob}fo! kf! v! xpk! tve! tb! qpuqvop! p•vwbojn! nfepn-! nb! eb! kf! ubnp! qsftubkbp! wj|f! pe! 4/111! hpejob/! V! puwpsfopn! tvev! nfe! v{jnb! wmbhv! j{! wb{evib! j! blp! kf! hvtu! qp•jxf! eb! tf! sb{sf}vkf! ob! qpws|joj! j! eb! gfsnfoujsb/! Qptmf! petusbxjwbxb! uf•oph! tmpkb! nfe!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{vnjsb/! !

336


927/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!nfe@! 927/!Lblp!q•fmf!{hv|xbwbkv!nfe@ Qsfnb! qptnbusbxjnb! lpkb! kf! tqspwfp! Hpoubstlz-! q•fmf! wsb~bkv! tblvqrfoj! oflubs! j{! nfeoph! nfivsb! j{nf}v! vtub! j! qpejhovuf! tvsmjdf/! Uv! tf! j{! jtujtovuf! lbqj! oflubsb! jtqbsbwb! efp! tvwj|of! wpef-! qptmf! •fhb! q•fmb! qsjnb! lbq! pcsbuop/! Pwb! sbexb! tf! qpobwrb! v! usbkbxv! pe! 31! njo/! j! twblj! qvu! v! uv! lbq! q•fmb! epeb! qp! nbmp! tflsfub! j{! aesfmof! amf{ef/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! oflubs! tf! qsfuwbsb! v! nfe! {hvtovu! qsjcmjaop! ep! 81&! tbesabkb! |f~fsb/! Pwbk! nfe! q•fmf! tlmbej|uf! v! ~fmjkf/! Pof! of! nphv! eb! hb! {hvtov!wj|f-!{bup!|up!ojtv!v!tubxv!eb!v{nv!ob{be!epcjkfov!hvtuv! nbtv/! Kp|! j{wftob! lpmj•job! wpef! )plp! 21&*! jtqbsbwb! j{! nfeb! qptmf!qptubwrbxb!v!~fmjkf/! ! 928/![b|up!lsjtubmj|f!)v|f~fsbwb*!nfe@! 928/![b|up!lsjtubmj|f!)v|f~fsbwb*!nfe@! Nfe! tbesaj! plp! 81&! jowfsuoj! |f~fs-! lpkj! qsfetubwrb! tnf|v! sbwoji! lpmj•job! hspa}boph! j! wp~oph! |f~fsb! )hmvlp{f! j! gsvlup{f*/! Hmvlp{b! lsjtubmj{jsb! nophp! mblp! j! cs{p-! epl! gsvlup{b! uf|lp/! Qsj! |f~fsfxv! nfe! of! lsjtubmj{jsb! qpuqvop/! J{! pwphb! tmfej! blp! v! nfev! qsfpwmbebwb! hmvlp{b! ubk! lsjtubmj{jsb!cs{p!)oqs/!mjwbetlj-!efufmjojo-!qmbojotlj!nfe*/!V! cbhsfnpwpn!nfev!qsfpwmbebwb!gsvlup{b!j!{bup!po!lsjtubmj{jsb! qptmf! evhph! tubkbxb/! Peopt! hmvlp{f! j! gsvlup{f! lpe! lsjtubmj{bdjkf! nfeb! kf! pe! 211! ;! 215! ep! 211! ;! 241/! Lpe! oflsjtubmj{jsbkv~fh! jmj! tmbcp! lsjtubmj{jsbkv~fh! nfeb! ubk! peopt!kf!pe!211!;!241!ep!211!;!295!)oqs/!cbhsfnpw!nfe*! ! 929/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!wfmj•job!lsjtubmb!lpe! 929/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!wfmj•job!lsjtubmb!lpe! lsvqop{sobtuph!nfeb@! lsvqop{sobtuph!nfeb@ Lsvqop{sobtuj! nfe! pebkf! vujtbl! lbp! eb! kf! {bnf|fo! tb! |f~fspn! v! lsjtubmv! |up! nv! ebkf! ofqsjkbubo! j{hmfe/! Wfmj•job! lsjtubmb! npaf! eb! tf! tnbxj-! ! ublp! |up! ~f! np! ! v! q•fulv! {hv|xbwbxb! )lbeb! nfe! qp•of! eb! hvcj! qsp{sb•optu*! eb! hb! •ftup! qspnf|bnp! eswfopn! lb|jlpn! j! eb! tf! •vwb! ob! tvwpn! of! nophp! imbeopn!nftuv/!Ojtlf!ufnqfsbuvsf!vcs{bwbkv!lsjtubmj{bdjkv/!!

337


! 92:/![b!|ub!kf!ofpqipeob!q•fmbsv!•fmj•of!mpqbujdb@!! 92:/![b!|ub!kf!ofpqipeob!q•fmbsv!•fmj•of!mpqbujdb@ _fmj•opn! mpqbujdpn! q•fmbs! tusvaf! lsjtubmjtbo! nfe! j{! lbouj!)jmj!cvsbej*/!Mpqbujdb!kf!nbtjwob!j!uf|lp!tf!tbwjkb! ! 931/!Lblp!kf!dfxfo!qbtufsj{pwbo!nfe@! 931/!Lblp!kf!dfxfo!qbtufsj{pwbo!nfe@! Qbtufsj{pwbo!nfe!lsjtubmj|f!tqpsp/!Blp!of~fnp!j{!xfhb! eb!petusbojnp!jtqbsrjwf!j!bspnbuj•of!nbufsjkf-!nfe!of!usfcb! eb!tf!{bhsfwb!ep!ufnqfsbuvsf!wj|f!pe!71°T/!Bmj!blp!usfcb!eb!tf! tb•vwb!v!uf•opn!tubxv!{b!evaf!wsfnf-!po!usfcb!eb!tf!{bhsfkf!ep! 93°T/! Ob! upk! ufnqfsbuvsj! tf! sbtuwpsf! •bl! j! nfefoj! njlsplsjtubmj!j!nfe!qp•jxf!eb!lsjtubmj{jsb!qpopwp!ufl!qptmf! 3! hpejof/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! nf}vujn! voj|ubwbkv! twj! blujwoj! tbtupkdj/! Cf{! qbtufsj{bdjkf! lsjtubmj{bdjkb! npaf! eb! tf! vtqpsj! epebwbxfn!1-3&!.!oph!sbtuwpsb!tpscjopwf!ljtfmjof/!Epebwbxf! 1-26&! qflujob! sbtuwpsfoph! v! bmlpipmv-! jtup! vtqpsbwb! lsjtubmj{bdjkv!bmj!qpwf~bwb!wjtlp{jufu!nfeb/!! ! 932/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!lpmj•job!tbibsp{f!v!nfev@! 932/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!lpmj•job!tbibsp{f!v!nfev@! Q•fmjxj! nfe! tbesaj! tbibsp{v! )|f~fs! j{! sfqf*! v! of{obuojn!lpmj•jobnb!)pe!3!–.!5&!b!obkwj|f!21!–.!25&*/!Up!{bwjtj! pe! j{wpsb! oflubsb! jmj! nferjlf/! Wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! tbibsp{f! npaf!eb!jnb!tbnp!nfe!lpnf!kf!epebu!|f~fs!j{!|f~fsof!sfqf!jmj! nfe! epcjkfo! qsjisbxjwbxfn! q•fmb! |f~fsojn! tjsvqpn! jmj! |f~fsop! nfeojn! uftupn! v! qfsjpev! qb|f/!Gbmtjgjlpwbxf! nfeb! |f~fspn! kf! {bcsbxfop! j! lbaxbwb! tf/! Vuws}vkf! tf! ifnjktlpn! bobmj{pn/! ! 933/!Qsfnb!lblwjn!qplb{bufrjnb!tf!pesf}vkf!lwbmjufu!nfeb@!! 933/!Qsfnb!lblwjn!qplb{bufrjnb!tf!pesf}vkf!lwbmjufu!nfeb@ Qsfnb!nb}bstljn!tuboebsejnb!lwbmjufu!cbhsfnpwph!nfeb! tf! pesf}vkf! v! {bwjtoptuj! pe! lpmj•jof! tbibsp{f! v! xfnv-! lpkb! of! usfcb!eb!qsfmb{j!7&/!Of{sfmj!cbhsfnpw!nfe!npaf!eb!tbesaj!29! –.! 31&! tbibsp{f-! lpkj! npaf! eb! tf! epcjkf! tbnp! lpe! qsfwsfnfoph! wb}fxb! )dfousjgvhjsbxb*! nfeb/! Nfe! qswph! lwbmjufub! usfcb! eb!

338


tbesaj! 86&! jowfsuoph! |f~fsb! )hmvlp{f! j! gsvlup{f*-! esvhph! lwbmjufub! 83&! j! usf~fh! lwbmjufub! 81&/! Cbhsfnpw! oflubs! v! qb|j!tbesaj!tbnp!61!–.!66&/! ! 934/!\ub!kf!pltjgmbwpo@! 934/!\ub!kf!pltjgmbwpo@! Pltjgmbwpo! kf! cpkb! lpkb! tf! tbesaj! v! nfev/! Sb{mj•juf! ojkbotf! {bwjtf! pe! wstuf! cjrlf! dwfuojdf-! tb! lpkf! q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! oflubs/! [bup! kf! tqflubs! cpkb! lpe! sb{oji! wstub! nfeb! sb{mj•ju/!! ! 935/!Lblp!tf!petusbxvkv!qsjnftf!j{!nfeb@! 935/!Lblp!tf!petusbxvkv!qsjnftf!j{!nfeb@! Qsj!qsfsbej!q•fmjxfh!nfeb-!qsj!wb}fxv!tb~b!j{!lp|ojdf! j! dfousjgvhjsbxv! nfeb-! b! jtup! j! lpe! esvhji! qspdftb! pcsbef-! v! xfhb!eptqfwbkv!sb{of!nbufsjkf-!oqs/!{sodb!qpmfob-!emb•jdf!•bl!j! efmpwj! ufmb! q•fmf-! mbswf! j! mfqujsj! wptlpwph! nprdb-! rvtqjdf! wptlb-! rv|•jdf! pe! sbnpwb-! vebwrfof! q•fmf-! usvupwj-! mbswf! j! esvhj! tjuoj! qsfenfuj/! Poj! tf! petusbxvkv! v! wsfnf! dfousjgvhjsbxb! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! obkqsf! tf! nfe! qspdfej! lsp{! gjop! tjup-! ptubwj! tf! eb! qsftupkj! oflpmjlp! ebob! j! ob! lsbkv! tb! qpws|jof! tf! petusbof! twf! tjuof! qsrbw|ujof/! Qptmf! uf! pcsbef! po!kf!•jtu!j!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{vnjsb/! ! 936/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!{ob!p!ubnopn!|vntlpn!nfev@! 936/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!{ob!p!ubnopn!|vntlpn!nfev@! Qp!nj|rfxv!oflji!jtusbajwb•b!nfe!pe!nferjlf!)pe!kfmf-! cpsb! j! es*! kfeobl! kf! oflubstlpn! nfev! |up! tf! uj•f! mflpwjuji! twpktubwb/! Lbsblufsj|f! hb! wjtpl! tbesabk! njofsbmoji! nbufsjkb/! Ubnoj! |vntlj! nfe! fgjlbtojkj! kf! pe! oflubstlph! nfeb! t! pc{jspn! ob! cpscv! qspujw! cblufsjktlf! jogfldjkf! j! {bup! tf! lpsjtuj! lbp! qspgjmbluj•lp!tsftuwp!qspuw!xf/!! ! 937/!Eb!mj!kf!nferjlb!qspj{wpe!ajwpuof!blujwoptu!tbnp!wb|j@! 937/!Eb!mj!kf!nferjlb!qspj{wpe!ajwpuof!blujwoptu!tbnp!wb|j@! Tqfdjkbmjtuj! j{! Jtusbajwb•lph! dfousb! {b! q•fmbstuwp! v! hsbev!Lbufsmfcfo!tv!vuwsejmj!eb!evhpusbkop!mv•fxf!nferjlf!v! wfmjljn!lpmj•jobnb!obtubkf!j!qsj!petvtuwv!mjtoji!j!|ujubtuji!

339


wb|j/! Eb! cj! tf! pcsb{pwbmb! nferjlb-! wfspwbuop! eb! kf! uljwp! cjrblb! cjmp! qpwsf}fop! pe! jotflbub! lpkj! tv! jtjtbwbmj! tplpwf! lpkj!tf!mv•f/! ! 938/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!ojtlpnpmflvmoph!oflubstlph!nfeb! j!wjtplpnpmflvmof!nferjlf@! j!wjtplpnpmflvmof!nferjlf@! Ojtlpnpmflvmoj!nfe!kf!cmj{bl!|f~fsv!tb!lpkjn!q•fmf!nphv! eb! {jnvkv/! Wjtplpnpmflvmoj! nfe! )nferjlb*! qp! twpn! tbtubwv! kf! cmj{bl!tlspcv!j!ojkf!qphpebo!{b!{jnpwbxf!q•fmb!)qp!!Ifkunbofl. v*/! ! 939/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!efltusjojnb!lpkj!tf!tbesaf!v!nfev@! 939/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!efltusjojnb!lpkj!tf!tbesaf!v!nfev@! Efltusjoj! tf! tbesaf! v! oflubstlpn! nfev! j! v! nferjdj/! Sb{mjlb!nf}v!xjnb!kf!tbnp!v!upnf!|up!v!nferjdj!npaf!eb!jnb!9! –.! 23&! efltusjob! tb! wjtplpn! npmflvmbsopn! ufajopn/! Ojtlpnpmflvmbsoj! efltusjoj! tf! qsfsb}vkv! pe! tjtufnb! {b! wbsfxf!lpe!q•fmb!b!wjtplpnpmflvmbsoj!of/! ! !

340


!

Tm/!:8!

!

341


93:/!\ub!kf!lbsblufsjtuj•op!{b!nfe!pe!wsftlb@! 93:/!\ub!kf!lbsblufsjtuj•op!{b!nfe!pe!wsftlb@ Nfe! pe! wsftlb! tf! {hvtof! cs{p! ep! afmbujop{oph! tubxb! j! {bup! usfcb! eb! tf! jtdfousjgvhjsb! j{! tb~b/! Jnb! qsjkbubo! vlvt! j! cs{p! pcsb{vkf! lsvqop{sobtuf! lsjtubmf! wfmj•jof! {sob! hsb|lb/! Nophp!kf!•jtu-!cf{!qsjnftb!oflubsb!pe!esvhji!cjrblb/!! ! 941/!Lblp!tf!hvtu!nfe!v•joj!uf•ojn@ 941/!Lblp!tf!hvtu!nfe!v•joj!uf•ojn@! jn@! V! {bqbeopfwspqtljn! esabwbnb-! qptfcop! v! Gsbodvtlpk! j! Ofnb•lpk-!hvtu!nfe!j!{buwpsfo!v!tb~v-!pe!kfmf!j!wsftlb-!v•joj!tf! uf•ojn! ublp! |up! tf! lpsjtuj! tqfdjkbmob! •fulb! tb! nfubmojn! jhmbnb! )tm/! :8*/! Tb! xpn! tf! {buwpsfop! tb~f! qspcpef! tb! pcf! tusbof/! Sf{vmubu! uphb-! nfe! qptubkf! uf•bo! j! npaf! mblp! eb! tf! dfousjgvhjsb!j{!tb~b/!! ! 942/!\ub!kf!hmjlvujgblups@! 942/!\ub!kf!hmjlvujgblups@! Hmjlvujgblups! kf! blujwob! nbufsjkb-! tbesaj! tf! v! nfev-! j! qpwf~bwb! vtwbkbxf! hmvlp{f! pe! tusbof! ts•boph! nj|j~b/! Qsp|jsvkf! lpspobsof! lswof! tvepwf! j! tnbxvkf! lswoj! qsjujtbl/! Ojkf!cjroj!qspj{wpe!wf~!kf!qspj{wpe!q•fmb/! ! 943/!Lblp!npaf!hvtu!nfe!eb!cvef!uf•bo@! 943/!Lblp!npaf!hvtu!nfe!eb!cvef!uf•bo@! [hvtovuj!nfe!npaf!eb!qptubof!uf•bo!)v!wpefopn!lvqbujmv*! v! tvev! tb! evqmjn! {jepwjnb! j{nf}v! lpkji! djslvmj|f! wpeb! )obk•f|~b!{bqsfnjob!kf!51!m/*/!Evqmj!{jepwj!tv!ob!sbtupkbxv!2-6! dn/! kfebo! pe! esvhph/! J{nf}v! xji! tf! obmjwb! wpeb/! Ufnqfsbuvsb! qsj! {bhsfwbxv! of! usfcb! eb! qsf}f! 71°T-! {bup! kf! v! tvev! npoujsbo! ufsnpnfubs/! Pwbk! vsf}bk! kf! qphpebo! {b! lpsj|~fxf! lpe! nbmji! q•fmjxblb/!! ! 944/![b|up!tf!ebkf!qsfeoptu!uf•opn!nfev@! 944/![b|up!tf!ebkf!qsfeoptu!uf•opn!nfev@! Qsj! sbtupqrbwbxv! nfeb! ob! qpws|jov! nv! jtqmjwb! twb! qsrbw|ujob/! Qptmf! xfoph! petusbxjwbxb! nfe! ptubkf! •jtu-! qsp{sb•bo!j!{b!evhp!wsfnf!tf!{besabwb!v!uf•opn!tubxv/! !

342


945/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!lbsbnfmj{jsboj!nfe@! 945/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!lbsbnfmj{jsboj!nfe@! Lbsbnfmj{jsboj! nfe! kf! {bhpsfmj! nfe-! cf{! bspnf! j! isborjwji! twpktubwb/! Lpsjtuj! tf! {b! cpkfxf! )of! |ufuop*! |f~fsoji! qspj{wpeb-! lsfnpwb-! tptpwb-! wjob-! mjlfsb-! nfefoph! wjob!b!jtup!j!{b!nfe!lpkj!ofnb!lbsblufsjtuj•ov!cpkv/!! ! 946/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!bspnb!j!vlvt!nfeb@! 946/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!bspnb!j!vlvt!nfeb@! Bspnb! j! vlvt! nfeb! {bwjtf! pe! qsjspeoph! j{wpsb! qb|f/! Oflubs! dwfupwb! b! jtup! j! nferjlb! jnbkv! tqfdjgj•ov! bspnv! j! vlvt-! lpkj! tv! pesf}foj! fufsj•ojn! v! rjnb! b! j! tnpmpn! lpkf! tbesaf/!Qp|up!tv!uf!nbufsjkf!jtqbsrjwf!pof!nphv!eb!tf!{besaf! {b! evhp! wsfnf! blp! tf! nfe! •vwb! {buwpsfo! v! tvwpn! tvev! j! qsj! pehpwbsbkv~pk!ufnqfsbuvsj!)9!.!31°T*/! ! 947/!Lpkj!nfe!kf!obkbspnbuj•ojkj@ 947/!Lpkj!nfe!kf!obkbspnbuj•ojkj@! !kf!obkbspnbuj•ojkj@! Obkbspnbuj•ojkj! kf! nfe! pe! sf{fof/! Nb! eb! kf! nophp! ubnof! cpkf!pwpn!nfev!tf!ebkf!qsfeoptu!{cph!qsjkbuof!bspnf!j!{bup!|up! tf! tqpsp! {hv|xbwb/! Fup! {b|up-! nb! eb! kf! qphpebo! {b! {jnpwbxf! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb-! po! tf! dfousjgvhjsb! j{! tb~b! j! {bnfxvkf! tf! |f~fspn/!! ! 948/!Lpmjlp!qvub!kfeob!q•fmb!usfcb!eb!epoftf!isbov!v!~fmjkv! q•fmf!sbejmjdf!eb!cj!kf!obqvojmb@! q•fmf!sbejmjdf!eb!cj!kf!obqvojmb@ [bqsfnjob! kfeof! ~fmjkf! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! kf! ub•op! 599! nn/! lvcoji-! uk/! qsjcjaop! qpmpwjob! 2! dn/! lvcoph/! Lbeb! tf! up! {ob-! b! {bqsfnjob! nfeoph! nfivsb! )wprlf*! kf! plp! 71! nn/! lvcoji-! b! pe! epoftfoph!oflubsb!q•fmb!npaf!eb!ptubwj!v!~fmjkv!tbnp!qpmpwjov! )esvhj! efp! pob! jtlpsjtuj! {b! isbov! j! {b! obeplobev! vusp|fof! fofshjkf*-!tmfej!eb!kfeob!q•fmb!usfcb!eb!epoftf!28!qvub!oflubs! eb!cj!obqvojmb!~fmjkv!q•fmf!sbejmjdf/!! ! 949/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!tvwp!j!nplsp!{buwbsbxf!nfeb!v!~fmjkbnb! 949/!V!•fnv!tf!tbtupkj!tvwp!j!nplsp!{buwbsbxf!nfeb!v!~fmjkbnb! tb~b@! tb~b@!

343


Tfwfsof! sbtf! q•fmb! ptubwrbkv! wb{ev|oj! nf}vqsptups! j{nf}v! qplmpq•j~b! j! nfeb! v! ~fmjkj-! {bup! qplmpq•j~! jnb! cfmv! cpkv! wptlb/! Up! kf! u{w/! tvwp! {buwbsbxf/! Kvaof! sbtf! q•fmb! jtqvxbwbkv!qpuqvop!~fmjkf-!ublp!eb!kf!qplmpq•j~! ofqptsfeop!ob! nfev/! Tqprb! poj! j{hmfebkv! ubnoj! j! {bup! tf! ubk! ob•jo! ob{jwb! nplsp!{buwbsbxf/!! ! 94:/! Npaf! mj! nfepn! eb! tf! ofvusbmj|f! efktuwp! bmlpipmb! lpe! •pwflb@! •pwflb@! Ebotlj! mflbs! Mbstfo! kf! vuwsejp! eb! ep{b! pe! 236! hs/! nfeb! ebub! qjkbopn! •pwflv! v! sb{nblv! pe! 41! njovub-! epwpej! ep! jtusfaxfxb/!Sb{mph!upnf!kf!wjtpl!tbesabk!gsvlup{f!v!nfev!lpkb! ofvusbmj|f!efktuwp!bmlpipmb/!! ! 951/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!nfefop!wjop@! 951/!Lblp!tf!qsjqsfnb!nfefop!wjop@! Nfefop! wjop! )nfepwjob*! tf! qsjqsfnb! pe! nfeb-! wpef! j! sb{oji! bspnbuj•oji! nbufsjkb/! Qp{obuj! tv! nophj! sfdfquj-! bmj! pwef! kf! pqjtbo! tbnp! kfebo! pe! xji! )qp{obu! lbp! sfdfqu! csbub! Bebnb*/!V!61!m/!nflf!wpef!sbtuwpsj!tf!29!lh/!nfeb/!Qp|up!qspwsj! tnf|b! tf! lvwb! 2! ep! 3! tbub! eb! cj! tf! vnsuwjmf! lwbtof! hrjwjdf/! Wsv~!sbtuwps!tf!obmjwb!v!•jtu!tve-!•jkb!{bqsfnjob!usfcb!eb!kf!{b! 21!m/!wf~b!pe!lpmj•jof!qsjqsfnrfoph!sbtuwpsb/!Epebkf!tf!lpsb! pe!6!mjnvopwb-!9!hs/!lbsbogjmj~b-!96!hs/!djnfub! j!ob!lsbkv!nbkb! pe! lpnjof! obnfxfof! {b! qsjqsfnv! tmbulph! wjob/! [b! tve! tf! qsj•ws|~vkf! dfw•jdb! j! sbtuwps! tf! ptubwj! eb! gfsnfoujsb! ob! tpcopk! ufnqfsbuvsj/! Qptmf! plp! 9! ofefrb! nfefop! wjop! kf! wf~! upmjlp!•jtup!eb!npaf!eb!tf!qsfmjkf!v!esvhj!|jsj!j!nbxj!tve!qp! {bqsfnjoj!jmj!v!wfmjlj!cbmpo!ljkj!usfcb!eb!tf!obqvov!ep!wsib/! Gfsnfoubdjpob! dfw! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! v! puwps! tveb! j! qptmf! qpmb!hpejof-!hpupwp!{b!qj~f-!nfefop!wjop!npaf!eb!tf!qsftjqb!v! gmb|f/!!! ! 952/!Pe!•fhb!npaf!eb!tf!qphps|b!lwbmjufu!nfeb@! 952/!Pe!•fhb!npaf!eb!tf!qphps|b!lwbmjufu!nfeb@!

344


Lwbmjufu! nfeb! npaf! eb! tf! qphps|b! pe! wpef-! tjoufuj•lj! jowfsupwboph! |f~fsb-! tbibsp{f-! tlspcoph! |f~fsb! j! es/! Po! tf! qphps|bwb! j! pe! njsjtb! lspnqjsb/! usvmji! lsqb-! nj|fwb-! mvlb! j! ue/!Blp!tf!nfe!•vwb!v!ofehpwbsbkv~jn!qsptupsjkbnb-!b!jtup!j!pe! sb{opwstoji!qsjnftb!j!sb{oji!tjuoji!qsrbw|ujob-!lpkf!qbeov!v! xfhb!/)!Efubrob!jogpsnbdjkb!kf!ebub!v!pehpwpsv!ob!qjubxf!925*/! Nfe!of!usfcb!eb!tf! •vwb!v!nfubmojn!j! qpdjolpwbojn!tvepwjnb-! {bup! |up! v! xjnb! epcjkb! oflbsblufsjtuj•ov! cpkv! j! ofqsjkbubo! vlvt/! Ptjn! uphb! ifnjktlb! kfejxfxb! lpkb! tf! pcsb{vkv! v! qpdjolpwbojn!tvepwjnb!tv!kblp!puspwob/!Lwbmjufu!nfeb!npaf!eb! tf! qphps|b! j! blp! po! qspljtof-! |up! tf! epcjkb! lpe! •vwbxb! v! wmbaopk!tsfejoj/!!! ! 953/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!qsjspeoj!qspj{wpe!nferjlb@ 953/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!qsjspeoj!qspj{wpe!nferjlb@! !eb!tf!qspwfsj!qsjspeoj!qspj{wpe!nferjlb@! Qsjspeoj!qspj{wpe!nferjlb!npaf!eb!tf!qspwfsj!qpuqvop! tjhvsop! tb! bmlpipmpn/! [b! up! kf! qpusfcop! eb! tf! qpnf|b! 3! efmb! nferjlf!j!2!efp!wpef!j!qptmf!epcjkbxb!kfeopspeof!tnf|f!v!xv! tf! epebkf! 4! efmb! bmlpipmb/! Blp! kf! nfe! cjp! gbmtjgjlpwbo-! ob! eov! tveb! tf! pcsb{vkf! hmjobtuj! ubmph! j! sbtuwps! epcjkb! nmf•ov! ojkbotv/! V! tvqspuopn! tmv•bkv! ob! eov! tf! pewpkj! nbmb! lpmj•job! ubmphb!j!sbtuwps!ptubkf!qsp{sb•bo/! ! 954/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!eb!mj!kf!nfe!cjp!gbmtjgjlpwbo! epebwbxfn!tjoufuj•lj!jowfsupwboph!|f~fsb@ epebwbxfn!tjoufuj•lj!jowfsupwboph!|f~fsb@! fsupwboph!|f~fsb@! Qsjtvtuwp! tjoufuj•lj! jowfsupwboph! |f~fsb! v! nfev! npaf! eb!tf!vuwsej!qsj!nf|bxv!6!hs/!nfeb!tb!fujm!fuspn!v!usbkbxv!pe!3! .!–4!njovub/!Qptmf!uphb!fubs!tf!pemjwb!v!qpsdfmbotlj!tve!j!lbeb! jtqbsj! epebkf! tf! oflpmjlp! lbqj! sf{psdjotlf! ljtfmjof! )sbtuwbsb! tf! ! 2&! sf{psdjob! v! lpodfouspwbopk! tpopk! ljtfmjoj*/! Blp!v!nfev!jnb!tjoufuj•lj!jowfsupwboph!|f~fsb-!v!tvev!~f!eb!tf! qpkbwj!lswbwpdswfob!ojkbotb/!! ! 955/!\ub!qpkb•bwb!mflpwjup!efktuwp!nfeb@! 955/!\ub!qpkb•bwb!mflpwjup!efktuwp!nfeb@!

345


Nfe! tbesaj! tmfef~f! ifnjktlf! fmfnfouf;! tjmjdjvn-! nbhof{jvn-!bmvnjojvn-!gptgps-!nbohbo-!hwpa}f-!nftjoh-!ujubo!j! npmjcefo/! Tqflusbmopn! bobmj{pn! kf! vuws}fop! j! qsjtvtuwp! usbhpwb! njlspfmfnfobub! cfsjmjvnb-! pmpwb-! wbobejkb-! tsfcsb-! ojlmb-! hbmjkb! j! djslpojkb-! lpkj! qpwf~bwbkv! {ob•bk! nfeb! lbp! mflpwjuph!j!ejkfufutlph!twpktuwb/! ! 956/!Eb!mj!kf!nfe!isbob!jmj!mfl@ 956/!Eb!mj!kf!nfe!isbob!jmj!mfl@! /!Eb!mj!kf!nfe!isbob!jmj!mfl@ [bcmveb! kf! njtmjuj! eb! kf! nfe! tbnp! isbob! jmj! tbnp! mfl/! Nfe! kf! j! isbob! j! mfl/! Isbob! kf-! kfs! tbesaj! •jubw! oj{! tbtupkblb! lpkf! pshboj{bn! wsmp! mblp! j! cs{p! vtwbkb/! Mfl! kf-! kfs! twpkjn! tbtupkdjnb!qpnbaf!pshbop{nv!eb!mbl|f!tbwmbeb!sb{ob!pcprfxb! j!qpwf~bwb!puqpsoptu!pshboj{nb/!! ! 957/!Lpkj!tbtupkdj!nfeb!qpnbav!tojabwbxv!lswoph!qsjujtlb!lpe! •pwflb@! •pwflb@! Qp{obup! kf! eb! vqpusfcb! nfeb! qpnbaf! tojabwbxv! lswoph! qsjujtlb/! Ifnjktljn! j! gj{j•ljn! nfupebnb! kf! vuws}fop-! eb! kf! tojabwbxf! lswoph! qsjujtlb! j{b{wbop! bdfujmipmjopn! )wjej! qjubxf! :25*/! V! 3-6! lh/! nfeb! tbesaj! tf! 7! nh/! bdfujmipmjob/! V! qpmfov!ojkf!vuws}fo/!! ! 958/!Sb{sf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!nfe!{jnj!qsf!ofhp!hb!jtlpsjtuf@! 958/!Sb{sf}vkv!mj!q•fmf!nfe!{jnj!qsf!ofhp!hb!jtlpsjtuf@! [buwpsfof!{bmjif!nfeb!tbesaf!33&!wpef/!Q•fmb!nf}vujn! npaf!eb!vtjtb!tvsmjdpn!tbnp!nfe!lpkj!tbesaj!obknbxf!39!.–! 43&! wpef-! ublp! {jnj! q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! lpo{vnjsbkv! {bmjif! nfeb! epl! hb! of! sb{sfef/! V! upn! djrv! jn! tmvaf! hsveof! qrvwb•of! amf{ef-! •jkj! kf! j{mb{! cmj{v! ptopwf! tvsmjdf/! Tflsfu! j{mv•fo! j{! uji! amf{eb!sbtuwbsb!nfe/!V!qfsjpev!{jntlph!njspwbxb!lbeb!qpmfuj! {b! epop|fxf! wpef! ojtv! nphv~j-! q•fmf! sb{sf}vkv! nfe! tb! nfubcpmj•lpn!wpepn/!)V!qspdftv!wbsfxb!hmvlp{b! tf!sbtqbeb!ob! vhrfo! ejpltje! j! wpev/! Q•fmf! j{ej|v! vhrfoejpltje! j! efp! nfubcpmj•lf! wpef! v! wjev! wpefof! qbsf/! Pesf}foj! efp! wpef! ptubkf! v! xopn! pshboj{nv-! vhmbwopn! v! qrvwb•ojn! amf{ebnb*/!

346


Ptjn! uphb! nfe! tf! sb{sf}vkf! j! cmbhpebsf~j! xfhpwpk! ijhsptlpqoptuj/! V! qfsjpev! {jnpwbxb! q•fmf! puwbsbkv! pehpwbsbkv~f!tb~f!tb!nfepn!j!po!vqjkb!wmbhv!j{!wb{evib/!! ! !

Q•fmjxj!!wptbl! Q•fmjxj!!wptbl! ! 959/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!wptbl!j!lblp!tf!epcjkb@!! 959/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!wptbl!j!lblp!tf!epcjkb@ Q•fmjxj! wptbl! kf! qspj{wpe! amf{eb! {b! mv•fxf! wptlb! lpe! q•fmb-!jtlpsj|~fo!{b!j{hsbexv!tb~b/!Mv•j!tf!v!wjev!rvtqjdb!ob! u{w/! wp|ubojn! phmfebmdjnb-! sbtqpsf}fojn! qp! 3! pe! 3/! ep! 7/! uscv|oph! tufsojub! jotflub/! Q•fmb! sbejmjdb! tblvqrb! rvtqjdf! wptlb! tb! •fuljdbnb! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! qfuj! {bexji! ophv! j! qsfoptj! ji! {bexjn! ophbnb! ep! •frvtuj/! Qptmf! uphb! sb{nftj! rvtqjdf! tb! tflsfupn-! j{mv•fojn! j{! hpsxpwjmj•of! amf{ef/! Ob! ubk!ob•jo!wptbl!pnfl|b!j!qptubkf!qphpebo!{b!j{hsbexv!tb~b/!)Tm/! :9*!wptbl!lbqbobd!j!pemjwdj!pe!wptlb/!!!

! Tm/!:9! ! 95:/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!tbtupkdj!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@ 95:/!Lpkj!tv!ptopwoj!tbtupkdj!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! !tbtupkdj!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! Ptopwoj! tbtupkdj! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! tv;! ofpdfspujopwb! ljtfmjob!j!njsjdjmpw!ftufs!v!qbmnjujopwpk!ljtfmjoj/!V!•jtupn! wptlv!tbesaj!tf!nbmp!qbmnjujopwf!ljtfmjof/!!!!

347


! 961/!Lpe!lpkf!ufnqfsbuvsf!q•fmf!mv•f!wptbl@!! 961/!Lpe!lpkf!ufnqfsbuvsf!q•fmf!mv•f!wptbl@ Q•fmf! lpe! ljkji! gvoldjpoj|v! amf{ef! {b! mv•fxf! wptlb-! mv•f!wptbl!ob!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!43°T/!! ! 962/!Lpmjlp!wptlb!qspj{wfef!kfeop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! 962/!Lpmjlp!wptlb!qspj{wfef!kfeop!q•fmjxf!esv|uwp@! V! twfutlpk! mjufsbuvsj! tf! jtuj•f! eb! 2! lh/! q•fmb! )21/111! kfejolj*!{b!kfeov!tf{pov!npaf!eb!qspj{wfef!361!hs/!wptlb-!b!qsj! pqujnbmojn! vtmpwjnb! ep! 611! hs/! ! Pe! twblph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! tf!epcjkf!v!qsptflv!311!hs/!wptlb-!b!lpe!tfmf~fh!q•fmbsfxb!qp!2! lh/!wptlb!v!qpwpropk!hpejoj/!Pqjtboj!obqsfe!qpebdj!nphv!eb!tf! tnbusbkv!j{v{fdjnb-!lpkj!tv!nphv~j!tbnp!v!j{v{fuojn!tmv•bkfwjnb!! j!up!v!jtlrv•jwp!qspevlujwojn!hpejobnb!{b!q•fmbstuwp/! ! 963/! Lpmjlp! ufaj! 2! en/! lvcoj! q•fmjxfh! wptlb@! wptlb@! Kfebo! en/! lvcoj! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! ufabl!kf!1-:71!lh/! ! 964/! Qsj! lpkpk! ufnqfsbuvsj! wptbl! qp•jxf! eb!tf!upqj!j!lblbw!kf!tufqfo!tlvqrbxb@! eb!tf!upqj!j!lblbw!kf!tufqfo!tlvqrbxb@! [b! •jtuj! q•fmjxj! wptbl! wbaof! tv! tmfef~f! ifnjktlf! lpotubouf;! ljtfmjotlj! cspk! 31-! ftufsoj! cspk! 86-! cspk! qfxfxb! :6/! Gj{j•lb! lpotuboub! wptlb! kf! xfhpwb! ufnqfsbuvsb! upqrfxb! ! j! pob! kf! 74! –.! 76°T-! lpkb! {bwjtj! pe! xfhpjwf! hvtujof! lpkb! wbsjsb! pe! 1-:67! ep! 1-:76/! Esvhb! gj{j•lb! lpotuboub!kf!xfhpwp!tlvqrbxf-!lpkf!kf!qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! pe! 71°T! ep! ! .! 21°T! ub•op! 4&! m/! )pe! 71°T! ep! 26°T! kf! 3&! j! pe! 26°T! ep! .! 21°T! 2&*/! [cph! uphb! tb~f! qptubwrfop! v! sbnpwf! {jnj! tf! dfqb! b! tbuof! ptopwf! tf! Tm/!::! efgpsnj|v/!

348


! 965/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxf!tb~f@!! 965/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxf!tb~f@ Q•fmjxf! tb~f! kf! hsbexb! lpkv! q•fmf! j{sb}vkv! pe! wptlb! j{mv•foph! j{! amf{ej! {b! mv•fxf! wptlb/! Qp|up! qsftubov! eb! gvoldjpoj|v! pwf! amf{ef! buspgjsbkv/! Bmj! blp! tubsf! q•fmf! epcjkv! pehpwbsbkv~v! cfmbo•fwjobtuv! isbov! b! vtmpwj! {b! ajwpu! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! qpetuj•v! jotujolu! hsbexf! ){b! j{hsbexv! tb~b*-! ~fmjkf! v! amf{ebnb! qpopwp! qp•jxv! eb! gvoldjpoj|v! )sfhfofsj|v! tf! j! tuwbsbkv! wptbl*/! Up! tf! ef|bwb! lpe! spkfwb! j! wf|ub•lji!spkfwb!v!lpkjnb!jnb!qsfufaop!tubsji!q•fmb!)tm/!::*! ! 966/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!opwp!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! 966/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!opwp!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! Opwp! q•fmjxf! tb~f! kf! cfmf! cpkf! j! j{hsb}fop! kf! tbnp! pe! wptlb!qspj{wfefoph!pe!q•fmb!)cf{!epebulb!esvhph!wptlb!oqs/!pe! tubsph!tb~b*/![bup!pop!ptubkf!opwp!j!{besabwb!cpkv!epl!nbujdb!v! xfhb! qpmpaj! kbkb! pe! lpkji! tf! j{mfhv! mbswf/! Qptmf-! lbeb! q•fmf! qp•ov!eb!isbof!mbswf!v!~fmjkbnb-!tb~f!tf!wj|f!of!tnbusb!opwjn/!!! ! 967/!\ub!kf!qpws|job!wptlb!j!lpkji!sb{nfsb!usfcb!eb!cvef@ 967/!\ub!kf!qpws|job!wptlb!j!lpkji!sb{nfsb!usfcb!eb!cvef@! !sb{nfsb!usfcb!eb!cvef@! Qpws|job! wptlb! kf! {cjs! qpws|job! tb~b! v! qmpej|uv! tb! kfeof!tusbof/!V!qfsjpev!nbltjnbmoph!sb{wpkb!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb! pob!npaf!eb!eptujhof!2!n/!lwbesbuoj/!Qpws|job!wptlb!of!usfcb! eb! kf! nbxb! pe! :6! en/! lwbesbuoji! j! eb! of! qsfmb{j! 226! en/! lwbesbuoji/!! ! 968/!Lpkj!kf!v{spl!qpkbwf!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!lwbesbuof!gpsnf@!! 968/!Lpkj!kf!v{spl!qpkbwf!usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!lwbesbuof!gpsnf@ V{spl! qpkbwf! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb! lwbesbuof! gpsnf! kf! obtmfeop! vtmpwrfob! ptpcfoptu! q•fmb! eb! obsv|bwbkv! gpsnv! ~fmjkb! qsj! qsfmb{v! pe! ~fmjkb! q•fmb! sbejmjdb! lb! usvupwtljn! ~fmjkbnb/! Kfebo! pe! gblupsb! lpkj! qpnbaf! qpkbwv! ublwji! ~fmjkb! nphv!eb!cvev!j!ofqpwproj!lmjnbutlj!vtmpwj/!! ! ! !

349


969/!Lblp!tf!epcjkb!wptbl!pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! 969/!Lblp!tf!epcjkb!wptbl!pe!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! Twfutlj! obv•ojl! Ubsbopw! kf! qsfempajp! tmfef~j!nfupe! {b! epcjkbxf! wptlb! pe! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! )tm/! 211*! 2/! sbnpwj! tb! ~fmjkbnb! q•fmb! sbejmjdb-! 3/! opwpj{hsb}fop! tb~f! tb! usvupwtljn! ~fmjkbnb/! Twblj! esvhj! sbn! v! qmpej|uv! tf! qpejaf! ob! wjtjov! pe! 21! dn/! ! j! ob! ubk! ob•jo! tf! nf}v! tb~fn! pcsb{vkv! obj{nfoj•op! tmpcpeoj! qsptupsj! )lblp! hpsf! ublp! j! epmf*-! lpkj! q•fmf! ephsbef! usvupwtljn! ~fmjkbnb/! Uf! ~fmjkf! tf! j{sf{vkv! j! ublp! tf! epcjkf! {obuob! lpmj•job! wptlb! b! jtupwsfnfop! tf! vtqpsbwb! spkfxf! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb/! Nfupe! Ubsbopwb! nf}vujn! of! npaf! eb! tf! qsjnfxvkf!|jsplp!v!qsbltj-!{bup!|up!{biufwb!nophp!wsfnfob/!

Tm/!211!

! 96:/!Lbeb!tf!v!q•fmbstuwv!lpsjtuj!wsv~!uf•oj!wptbl@ 96:/!Lbeb!tf!v!q•fmbstuwv!lpsjtuj!wsv~!uf•oj!wptbl@! Wsv~!uf•oj!wptbl!tf!lpsjtuj!v!q•fmbstuwv!{b!v•ws|~jwbxf! tbuof! ptopwf! {b! hpsxv! mfuwjdv! sbnb-! |up! tf! {biufwb! lpe! obtfrbwbxb!spkb!jmj!wf|ub•lph!spkb!ob!tbuof!ptopwf/!Pe!uf•oph! wptlb! tf! j{sb}vkv! ptopwf! wf|ub•lji! nbuj•oji! •b|jdb/! Qsj!

350


sv•opk! qspj{wpexj! tbuoji! ptopwb! pe! wsv~fh! wptlb! pof! tf! j{mjwbkv!qpnp~v!Sj•fpwf!qsftf/! ! 9571/! Lblwb! tv! qsfjnv~tuwb! tbuoji! ptopwb! tb! vwf~bojn! ~fmjkbnb@! ~fmjkbnb@! V! q•fmbstlpk! qsbltj! tf! qsjnfxvkf! oj{! jtusbajwbxb! ob! tbuojn!ptopwbnb!tb!vwf~bojn!~fmjkbnb/!Djr!kf!cjp!eb!tf!pesfej! lpmjlp! •ftup! usfcb! eb! tf! pcobwrb! q•fmjxf! tb~f/! Qplb{bmp! tf! eb!tf!!lpe!ublwji!tbuoji!ptopwb!of!{biufwb! •ftub!qspnfob-!bmj! up! ! tf! {biufwb! tb! tubopwj|ub! pesabwbxb! ijhjkfof! j! epcsph! {esbwtuwfoph!tubxb!q•fmb/! ! 972/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!tbuof!ptopwf!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuf@! 972/!\ub!qsfetubwrbkv!tbuof!ptopwf!j!{b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuf@! Tbuof!ptopwf!tv!pe!•jtuph!q•fmjxfh!wptlb-!tb!ewf!tusbof-! ob! lpkjnb! tv! qsfuipeop! j{hsbwjsbob! eob! q•fmjxji! ~fmjkb/! Mjtupwj!tf!j{sb}vkv!qsfnb!vovusb|xjn!nfsbnb!sbnb!j!v•ws|~vkv! tf! qpnp~v! ubolf! ajdf! sb{bqfuf! v! xfnv/! Ob! tbuojn! ptopwbnb! q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv!tb~f/!!! ! 973/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ptopwj!j{sb}fopk!pe!opwpevsb@ 973/!\ub!tf!{ob!p!ptopwj!j{sb}fopk!pe!opwpevsb@! ob!p!ptopwj!j{sb}fopk!pe!opwpevsb@! Ptopwb! pe! opwpevsb! kf! nsfab! qptubwrfob! v! sbn! ob! lpkpk! q•fmf! nphv! eb! j{hsb}vkv! tb~f! )tm/! 212*/! Xfo! qspupujq! kf! ebu! pe! q•fmbsb! Lvemj•lf! j{! hsbeb! [wpmfob/! Ob! mjtuv! pe! opwpevsb! tf! qfsgpsjsbkv! |ftupvhbpoj! puwpsj! tb! qsf•ojlpn! 39! nn/! j!|jsjof! sfcsb! nf}v! xjnb! 4! nn/! Epcjkfob! nsfab! tf! qptubwrb! v! sbn! qp! dfmpk! |jsjoj! j! q•fmf! ob! xpk! qp•jxv! j{hsbexv! tb~b/! Ubk! ujq! ptopwf! nf}vujn! jnb! ofqpwproptu-! kfs! q•fmf! ob! Tm/!212!

351


xpk!of!nphv!eb!j{hsb}vkv!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf/!!! ! 974/! Lpmjlp! sbejmj•lji! ~fmjkb! jnb! jnb! ob! 2! en/! lwbesbuopn! tbuof! ptopwf@! ptopwf@! Ob! 2! en/! lwbesbuopn! tbuof! ptopwf! of! usfcb! eb! jnb! nbxf! pe! 861! oj! wj|f! pe! 911! ~fmjkb! tb! pcf! tusbof! sbnb/! Pcj•op! ob! 2! en/! lwbesbuopn! tbuof! ptopwf! jnb! 881! sbejmj•lji! ~fmjkb! uk/! qp! 496!tb!kfeof!tusbof!sbnb/! ! 975/!Lpkf!tbuof!ptopwf!tv!qphpeojkf!mjwfof!jmj!wbrbof@ 975/!Lpkf!tbuof!ptopwf!tv!qphpeojkf!mjwfof!jmj!wbrbof@! opwf!tv!qphpeojkf!mjwfof!jmj!wbrbof@! Mjwfof! tbuof! ptopwf! jnbkv! ewf! qsfeoptuj;! q•fmbs! npaf! tbn! eb! ji! j{sb}vkf! pe! wptlb! b! tb~f! j{hsb}fop! ob! xjnb! kf! tb! sbwopn! qpws|jopn/! [b! j{sbev! kf! nf}vujn! qpusfcop! nophp! wptlb-! {bup! |up! tf! wfmjlj! efp! xfhb! of! jtlpsjtuj! {b! j{hsbexv! tb~b/! Ebobt! tf! joevtusjktlj! j{sb}vkv! tbnp! wbrbof! tbuof! ptopwf-! |up! kf! eplb{! eb!jn!kf!qspj{wpexb!sfoubcjmob/!Ob! ujn!tbuojn!ptopwbnb!q•fmf!j{hsb}vkv! sbwop! tb~f! tbnp! blp! tf! ptopwf! qptubwrbkv! v! sbnpwf! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj!36!–.!41!°T/!! ! 976/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsgpsjsbojn! 976/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!qfsgpsjsbojn! tbuojn!ptopwbnb@! tbuojn!ptopwbnb@! Qsfuqptubwlb! eb! ~f! tb! qspj{wpexpn! qfsgpsjsboji! tbuoji! ptopwb! )tm/! 213*! eb! cvef! qptujhovup! 71&! flpopnjkf! q•fmjxfh! wptlb-! ojkf! qpuws}fob/! Qplb{bmp! tf! eb! j{hsb}fop! q•fmjxf! tb~f! ob! ujn!! tbuojn! ptopwbnb! ojkf! epwprop! •wstup-! b! ptjn! uphb! qsj! qsfmb{v! pe! Tm/!213!

352


usvupwtlji!~fmjkb!lb!~fmjkbnb!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!kbwrbkv!tf!sb{of! efgpsnbdjkf! v! gpsnj! ~fmjkb/! [cph! uphb! qspj{wpexb! qfsgpsjsboji!tbuoji!ptopwb!ojkf!ob|mb!qsjnfov/!! ! 977/!\ub!qsfetubwrb!nf}vqsptupsoj!tmpk!qsj!qspj{wpexj!tbuof! ptopwf!j!lblp!tf!epcjkb@ ptopwf!j!lblp!tf!epcjkb@! tf!epcjkb@ Nf}vqsptupsoj! tmpk! kf! nbufsjkb! lpkb! tqsf•bwb! {bmfqrjwbxf! tbuof! ptopwf! {b! nbusjdv! jmj! wbrbl! v! qspdftv! mjwfxb! jmj! wbrbxb/! Qsjqsfnb! tf! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! 211hs/! hmjdfsjopwph! tbqvob! tf! sbtuwpsj! v! 2! m/! nflf! wpef/! Eb! tf! of! cj! qfojmb!uf•optu!v!wpev!tf!qptufqfop!epebkf!•jtu!|qjsjuvt!epl!of! qsftubof!eb!tf!pcsb{vkf!qfob/!\qjsjuvt!lpkj!ptubkf!lpe!epcjkbxb! tbtubwb!ojkf!|ufubo!{b!q•fmf/!! ! 978/! [b! |ub! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! tlspc! pe! lspnqjsb! v! q•fmbstuwv@! q•fmbstuwv@! Tlspc! pe! lspnqjsb! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! lbp! nf}vqsptupsoj! tmpk! qsj! sv•opk! j{sbej! mjtupwb! tbuof! ptopwf/! Ofqpwprop! v! pwpn! tmv•bkv! kf! up! |up! tbuof! ptopwf! nphv! eb! tf! vqmftojwf! blp! tmpk! ojkf! ptv|fo! epcsp/! Eb! jn! tf! of! obsv|j! tqproj! j{hmfe! pe! ptv|foji! tlspcoji! {sobdb-! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! qptmf!j{mjwbxb!eb!tf!tbuof!ptopwf!pqfsv!•jtupn!wpepn/!! ! 979/! Lpkj! sbtuwbsb•j! tf! lpsjtuf! {b! qpuqvov! fltusbldjkv! )j{wmb•fxf*!q•fmjxfh!wptlb!j{!tb~b@! )j{wmb•fxf*!q•fmjxfh!wptlb!j{!tb~b@! [b! qpuqvov! fltusbldjkv! )211&*! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! j{! tb~b! lpsjtuf! tf! sbtuwbsb•j! tb! ojtlpn! ub•lpn! wsfxb;! cfo{jo-! ufusbimpsnfubo! j! fujmfoimpsje/! Wptbl! epcjkfo! qsj! upk! fltusbldjkj-!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!v!joevtusjktlf!twsif-!bmj!of! usfcb! eb! tf! epebkf! v! q•fmjxj! wptbl! pesf}fo! {b! qspj{wpexv! tbuoji!ptopwb!)•bl!oj!v!lpmj•joj!6&*/! ! 97:/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!wptlpwbsjob@! 97:/![b!|ub!tf!lpsjtuj!wptlpwbsjob@!

353


Epcjkfob! qptmf! j{wmb•fxb! q•fmjxfh! wptlb-! wptlpwbsjob! )wjej!qjubxf!415*!npaf!eb!tf!jtlpsjtuj!lbp!lwbmjufuop!b{puop! }vcsjwp/![b!abrfxf!kf!eb!tf!ebobt!wptlpwbsjob!of!pulvqrvkf!j! {bup! kf! q•fmbsj! tbhpsfwbkv-! •jnf! tf! oboptj! wfmjlb! |ufub! tfptljn! epnb~jotuwjnb-! {bup! |up! fltusbijsboj! wptbl-! lpkj! npaf!kp|!eb!tf!j{wv•f!j{!xf-!ptubkf!ofjtlpsj|~fo/! ! 981/!Pe!lbeb!tf!lpsjtuf!bqbsbuj!{b!j{sbev!tbuoji!ptopwb@! 981/!Pe!lbeb!tf!lpsjtuf!bqbsbuj!{b!j{sbev!tbuoji!ptopwb@! Qswv! qsftv! {b! mjwfxf! tbuoji! ptopwb! kf! obqsbwjp! Sj•f! 2994/!hpe/!Qptufqfop!kf!pob!vtbws|bwbob!j!pe!qswpcjuof!ufiojlf! mjwfxb!v!pcmjlv!qsftf-!j{sbeb!tf!ebobt!qpuqvop!nfiboj{pwbmb/!! ! 982/![b!|ub!q•fmbs!lpsjtuj!lpncjopwboj!awsl@! 982/![b!|ub!q•fmbs!lpsjtuj!lpncjopwboj!awsl@! Ebobt! nbmp! q•fmbsb! lpsjtuj! lpncjopwboj! awsl! {bup! |up! tv! obqsbwrfoj! fmflusj•oj! vsf}bkj! {b! qptubwrbxf! tbuoji! ptopwb! v! sbnpwf/! Awsl! {b! upqmp! mfqrfxf! kf! tb! nftjohbojn! up•lj~fn!ob{vcrfojn!ob!qfsjgfsjkj-!j{nb}v!{vcbdb!ob!up•lj~v! jnb!arfc!v!lpkj!vmb{j!sb{bqfub!ajdb!v!sbnv/!Qsf!qp•fulb!sbeb! awsl! usfcb! eb! tf! {bhsfkf! v! wsv~pk! wpej/! Qsj! mblpn! qsjujtlv! {vqdj! ob! up•lj~v! vmb{f! v! wptbl/! Qp|up! pe! xfhb! v! tbuopk! ptopwj! ptubkf! usbh! epcsp! kf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! esvhb! tusbob! awslb! hef! ofnb! {vcbdb! b! jnb! arfc/! Tb! ujn! lsbkfn! awslb! tbuob! ptopwb! npaf!epcsp!eb!tf!v•wstuj!{b!hpsxv!mfuwjdv!sbnb/! ! 983/!Hef!tf!kp|!lpsjtuj!•jtu!q•fmjxj!wptbl@! 983/!Hef!tf!kp|!lpsjtuj!•jtu!q•fmjxj!wptbl@! _jtu! q•fmjxj! wptbl! tf! lpsjtuj! v! nfejdjoj-! v! gbsnbdfvutlpk! joevtusjkj! j! {b! qspj{wpexv! lp{nfuj•lji! tsfetubwb/! Pe! fltusbijsboph! wptlb! tf! j{sb}vkv! twf~f-! qbmjeswdb! |jcjdf-! wf|ub•lp! dwf~f-! nbufsjkbm! {b! npefmjsbxf-! mblpwj!{b!obnf|ubk-!lpsjtuj!tf!kp|!{b!qspj{wpexv!cpkf!{b!pcv~v-! v!hbmwbopqmbtujdj!j!v!nophjn!esvhjn!djrfwjnb/! ! 984/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!ifnjktlph!j!qsjspeoph! 984/!Lblwb!kf!sb{mjlb!j{nf}v!ifnjktlph!j!qsjspeoph! qsf•j|~bwbxb!)j{cfrjwbxb*!wptlb@! qsf•j|~bwbxb!)j{cfrjwbxb*!wptlb@!

354


Ifnjktlp! qsf•j|~bwbxf! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! kf! qpwf{bop! tb! wfmjljn! hvcjdjnb! ! wptlb! j! epcjkfob! tjspwjob! ojkf! kfeoblph! lwbmjufub/! Qsfeoptu! uph! nfupeb! kf! lsbubl! qspdft! qsf•j|~bwbxb/! Qsjspeop! j{cfrjwbxf! wptlb! ob! tvodv-! wpej! j! wb{eviv! usbkf! evhp! wsfnf-! bmj! ob! ubk! ob•jo! epcjkfo! qspj{wpe! kf! wjtplplwbmjufubo! j! |up! kf! nophp! wbaojkf! hvcjdj! wptlb! tv! njojnbmoj/! ! 985/!Pe!•fhb!q•fmjxj!wptbl!epcjkb!sb{of!ojkbotf!cpkb@! 985/!Pe!•fhb!q•fmjxj!wptbl!epcjkb!sb{of!ojkbotf!cpkb@! Q•fmf! qptufqfop! {bnb{vkv! tb~f! qspqpmjtpn! )wjej! qjubxf! :13*-! lpkj! qsjqsfnbkv! pe! tnpmb! j{mv•foji! pe! sb{oji! cjrblb/! Qspqpmjt! tbesaj! cpkv! pe! lpkf! tb~f! epcjkb! avujlbwv! ojkbotv/! Lpmjlp! kf! tubsjkf! tb~f-! vupmjlp! nv! kf! ubnojkb! cpkb-! {bup! |up! v! ~fmjkbnb! ptubkv! lvujlvmf! )pnpub•j-! lp|vrjdf*! mbswj! j! mvulj! jtqpe! lpkji! tf! obmb{f! qswj! j{mv•foj! j{nfuj/! Epcjkfoj! wptbl! qptmf! qsfupqrbwbxb! kf! upmjlp! ubnop! pcpkfo! vlpmjlp! kf! wj|f! qplpmfxb! cjmp! peofhpwbop! v! tb~v/! Po! epcjkb! ofqsjkbuov! tjwlbtuv!ojkbotv-!lpkb!kf!{cph!nfubmoji!pltjeb!tb!lpkjnb!kf!cjp!v! lpoubluv! qsj! qsfupqrbwbxv/! Ublbw! wptbl! tf! j{cfrvkf! nophp! uf|lp/! ! 986/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! petusboj! tjwlbtub! ojkbotb! tb! q•fmjxfh! wptlb@! wptlb@! Wptbl! lpkj! kf! epcjp! tjwlbtuv! ojkbotv! npaf! eb! tf! j{cfmj! qsflvwbwbxfn! v! nflpk! wpej! lpkb! tbesaj! 21&! gptgpsof! ljtfmjof/!Qptmf!qswf!pcsbef!wptlb!)cf{!wpef*!wptbl!tf!j{mjwb!v! ubolpn! nmb{v! v! imbeov! wpev! j! kp|! kfeboqvu! tf! qsplvwb! v! nflpk! wpej!j!v!xpk!tf!ptubwj!eb!tf!tqpsp!imbej/!Qptmf!uphb!j{!xfhb!tf! petusbxvkf! ofqpusfcob! qfob! twf! epl! nv! qpws|job! of! ptubof! tbtwjn! •jtub-! tve! tf! qplsjwb! qplmpqdfn-! kfs! ~f! wptbl! eb! qvlof! blp!kf!pulsjwfo/! ! 987/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!sb{mjlvkf!gbmtjgjlpwboj!pe!qsjspeoph! q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! q•fmjxfh!wptlb@!

355


Qsjspeop! qspj{wfefo! wptbl! tf! vuws}vkf! obkub•ojkf! ifnjktlpn! bobmj{pn/! Phmfeoj! q•fmbs! npaf! eb! pdfoj! wptbl! qsfnb! xfhpwpn! j{hmfev! j! bspnj-! b! jtup! j! qsfnb! sb{nfl|bwbxv! nf}v!qstujnb-!qsj!{bqbrjwbxv!jue/!Blp!kf!wptbl!gbmtjgjlpwbo! epebwbxfn! qbsbgjob! qpws|job! ob! qsftflv! ptubkf! hmbulb! j! tkbkob! epl! kf! lpe! qsjspeoph! wptlb! nbujsbob/! Lpe! nf|fxb! nf}v! qstujnb!qsjspeoj!wptbl!tf!of!mfqj!{b!lpav!j!jnb!lpo{jtufodjkv! lbp! hvtup! uftup-! ptjn! uphb! qsj! awblbxv! of! mfqj! tf! {b! {vcf/! _jtup~b!q•fmjxfh!wptlb!tf!vuws}vkf!j!qp!ufnqfsbuvsj!upqrfxb/! Wptbl! cf{! tusboji! qsjnftb! upqj! tf! ob! ufnqfsbuvsj! 74! –.! 76°T/! Vlpmjlp! kf! wf~b! ufnqfsbuvsb! lpe! jtqjujwbof! nbtf! up! qplb{vkf! eb!kf!v!upmjlp!wf~pk!nfsj!wptbl!cjp!gbmtjgjlpwbo/!! ! 988/! Lblp! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! ufnqfsbuvsb! upqrfxb! q•fmjxfh! wptlb@! wptlb@! Ufnqfsbuvsb!upqrfxb!q•fmjxfh!wptlb!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! wsi! ajwjoph! ufsnpnfusb! tf! qptubwj! v! sbtupqrfo! wptbl-! j{wbej! tf! j! ptubwj! eb! tf! pimbej/! Qptmf! uphb! tf!ufsnpnfubs!tb!tuwseovujn!wptlpn!ob!xfhpwpn!lsbkv!qpupqj!v! imbeov! wpev! lpkf! tf! qpmblp! {bhsfwb/! _jn! wptbl! qp•of! eb! tf! pewbkb! pe! ufsnpnfusb! j! jtqmjwb! ob! hpsf-! usfcb! eb! tf! p•jubkv! tufqfoj! ob! tlbmj! /! Ub! wfmj•job! kf! ufnqfsbuvsb! upqrfxb! q•fmjxfh!wptlb/! ! 989/!Tb!•jn!tf!obk•f|~f!gbmtjgjlvkf!q•fmjxj!wptbl@ 989/!Tb!•jn!tf!obk•f|~f!gbmtjgjlvkf!q•fmjxj!wptbl@! ~f!gbmtjgjlvkf!q•fmjxj!wptbl@! [b! gbmtjgjlpwbxf! qsjspeoph! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! obk•f|~f! tf! lpsjtuf! tmfef~f! nbufsjkf;! qbsbgjo-! p{plfsju-! dfsf{jo-! tufbsjo-! mpk-! lbmbgpo-! kbqbotlj! jmj! ljoftlj! wptbl! j! es/! Gbmtjgjlpwbxf! q•fmjxfh! wptlb! kf! lsjwj•op! pehpwpsop! j! lbaxbwb!tf!qp!{blpov/!! ! 98:/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!njsjt!j{hpsfmph!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! 98:/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!njsjt!j{hpsfmph!q•fmjxfh!wptlb@! Qsf! vtubopwrbwbxb! pqmpeof! tubojdf! usfcb! eb! tf! vuwsej! eb! mj! v! plpmjoj! jnb! ejwrji! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! jmj! spkfwb/! V!

356


upn! djrv! tf! ob! ufsjupsjkj! cvev~f! tubojdf-! ob! oflpmjlp! nftub-! {bqbmj!wbusb!j!v!twblpk!pe!xji!j{hpsj!qbs•f!wptlb!jmj!tbub/!Blp! ep! uji! nftub! of! epmb{f! q•fmf-! qsjwv•fof! njsjtpn! j{hpsfmph! wptlb-!uv!npaf!eb!tf!gpsnjsb!pqmpeob!tubojdb/!Phmfe!usfcb!eb! tf! tqspwfef! v! qfsjpev! qpwpropn! {b! mfu! q•fmb/! Njsjtpn! j{hpsfmph! wptlb! pulsjwbkv! tf! j! ejwrb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb-! obtfrfob! v! qmbojobnb! jmj! esvhjn! ofqsjtuvqb•ojn! nftujnb/! Epmfufmf! q•fmf! tf! obnbnrvkv! v! tublmfof! dfw•jdf! efmjnj•op! obqvxfof!nfepn/!Viwb~fof!v!xji!q•fmf!tf!qptufqfop!qv|ubkv!eb! j{mfuf-! mfu! jn! tf! qsbuj! epl! tf! of! ob}f! tuboj|uf! ejwrfh! esv|uwb/! ! 991/!Lblp!tf!wptbl!npaf!p•jtujuj!pe!qsrbw|ujof@! 991/!Lblp!tf!wptbl!npaf!p•jtujuj!pe!qsrbw|ujof@! Qptmf!lvwbxb!wp|ujof!v!wptlv!ptubkf!eptub!ubmphb!)ptubdj! lp|vrjdb-! j{nfub-! qpmfob-! vhjovmji! jotflbub! j! es/*! Eb! cj! tf! qsf•jtujp! wptbl-! tve! tb! xjnf! usfcb! ptubwjuj! ob! |qpsfuv! j! epcsp! vupqmjuj/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! wptbl! tf! tqpsp! imbej! j! twb! of•jtup~b! tf! tubmpaj! ob! eop/! Qptmf! imb}fxb! tf! tbnp! p•jtuj! ubmph!tb!eob!wptlb/!_jtuj!wptbl!tf!epcjkb!v!tvo•bopn!jmj!qbsopn! upqjpojlv/! ! 992/![b!|ub!tf!twf!qsjnfxvkf!wptbl@! 992/![b!|ub!tf!twf!qsjnfxvkf!wptbl@ Wptbl! tf! of! lpsjtuj! tbnp! v! q•fmbstuwv! {b! j{sbev! tbuoji! ptopwb! j! j{sbev! ! ! twf~b/! Wptbl! obmb{j! |jsplv! qsjnfov! v! joevtusjkj!nb{jwb-!lp{nfujdj!j!gbsnblpmphjkj/! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

357


Qpmfo! Qpmfo! ! 993/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!qpmfob!{b!q•fmf@! 993/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!qpmfob!{b!q•fmf@! [ob•bk!qpmfob!{b!q•fmf!evhp!wsfnf! ojkf! cjp! qp{obu/! Kfejop! v! lxj{j! p! q•fmbnb! j{ebupk! 2679/! hpe/! )esvhp! j{ebxf! 2725*! tbpq|ubwb! tf! eb! kf! qpmfo! ofpqipebo! q•fmbnb! lbp! imfc! rvejnb/! V! tmfef~ji! 211! hpejob! oflj! obv•ojdj! tv! pesflmj! up! tiwbubxf! j! qsjnjmj! eb! kf! qpmfo!wp|uboj!qsbi-!lpkj!q•fmf!epoptf!v! lp|ojdv!j!pe!xfhb!j{sb}vkv!wptbl/!Ebobt! kf! qp{obup! eb! kf! qpmfo! wsfeob! isbob! {b! q•fmf-! jnb! wjtpl! tbesabk! cfmbo•fwjob-! cf{!lpkji!cj!jn!ajwpu!cjp!ofnphv~/!Lbeb! hb! q•fmf! qsfsbef! v! cfmbo•fwjobtuv! isbov-! qpmfopn! tf! isbof! mfhmp! j! q•fmf! )tm/! 214*! qpmfopwb! {sob! wbaojkji! nfepoptoji! cjrblb! 2/! mjqb-! 3/! j! 4/! gbdfmjkb-! 5/! tp•jwp-! 6/! ftqbs{fub-! 7/! ifreb-! 8/! dswfob! efufmjob-! 9/! cfmb! efufmjob-! :/! qbnvl-! 21/! qpqpobd-! 22/! nbtmb•bl-!23/!tvodplsfu-!24/!wscpwjdb/! ! 994/! Lpkv! lpmj•jov! qpmfob! lpo{vnjsb! opsnbmop! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! {b! hpejov! ebob@! ebob@! Opsnbmop! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! {b! hpejov! ebob! lpo{vnjsb! 61! lh/! )j! wj|f*! qpmfob/!Up!{bwjtj!pe!kb•jof!esv|uwb-!pe! xfhpwph! sb{wpkb! v! dfmpn! qfsjpev! j! pe! xfhpwf!qspevlujwoptuj/! ! 995/!Lbeb!kf!qpmfo!{sfp@! 995/!Lbeb!kf!qpmfo!{sfp@!

358

Tm/!214!


Qpmfo! kf! {sfp! lbeb! nv! tf! {sob! mblp! pewbkbkv! kfeop! pe! esvhph!j!qptmf!usrbxb!nf}v!qstujnb!tf!sbtqbeb/!Eb!mj!kf!qpmfo! {sfp! npaf! eb! tf! qspwfsj! tb! lbqrjdpn! |qjsjuvtb-! v! lpkv! tf! tubwj! qsb|ojlpwb! lftjdb! tb! dwfub/! Blp! v! lbqj! jnb! {sobdb! qpmfob!up!{ob•j!eb!kf!{sfp/!V!qspujwopn!tmv•bkv!lbqrjdb!ptubkf! qsp{sb•ob/!! ! 996/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!lwbmjufu!qpmfob!j!xfhpwf!{bnfof@! 996/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!vuwsej!lwbmjufu!qpmfob!j!xfhpwf!{bnfof@! Lwbmjufu! qpmfob! j! xfhpwf! {bnfof! npaf! eb! tf! vuwsej! qp! oflpmjlp! lsjufsjkb;! b*! qp! wfmj•joj! aesfmoji! amf{eb! q•fmf/! Vlpmjlp! kf! wsfeojkb! cfmbo•fwjobtub! isbob! vupmjlp! tv! wf~b! kf{hsb! amf{eb-! c*! qp! qpws|joj! mfhmb! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv/Vlpmjlp! kf! lwbmjufuojkj! qpmfo! vupmjlp! kf! wf~b! qpws|job!mfhmb-!w*!qp!evajoj!ajwpub!q•fmf!v!lp|ojdj/!Vlpmjlp! kf! lwbmjufuojkb! cfmbo•fwjobtub! isbob! vupmjlp! kf! evaj! ajwpu! q•fmb-!h*!qp!ifnjktlpk!bobmj{j!tbesabkb!twbsrjwji!cfmbo•fwjob-! •jkb! lpmj•job! v! qpmfov-! b! jtup! j! v! {bnfobnb-! of! usfcb! eb! cvef! nbxb!pe!23&/!! ! 997/!Lbeb!tf!lpsjtuf!{bnfof!{b!qpmfo@! 997/!Lbeb!tf!lpsjtuf!{bnfof!{b!qpmfo@! Qpmfo! lpkj! ojkf! epofu! pe! q•fmb-! lbp! j! xfhpwf! {bnfof-! epebuj!isboj!{b!q•fmf-!tlpsp!eb!ofnbkv!isborjwv!wsfeoptu/![cph! uphb! tf! {bnfof! lpsjtuf! tbnp! v! qsfmb{opn! qfsjpev-! lbeb! {cph! ofqpwproji! lmjnbutlji! vtmpwb! q•fmf! of! nphv! eb! tblvqrbkv! qpmfo!jmj!lbeb!hb!ofnb!v!qsjspej/!! ! 998/!Lpmjlb!lpmj•job!qpmfob!kf!ofpqipeob!{b!pehbkbxf!kfeof! q•fmf!j!lpmjlp!qpmfob!tlmbej|uf!q•fmf!v!kfeopk!lp|ojdj@!! q•fmf!j!lpmjlp!qpmfob!tlmbej|uf!q•fmf!v!kfeopk!lp|ojdj@ [b! pehbkbxf! kfeof! q•fmf! ofpqipeop! kf! 1-256! hs/! qpmfob/! V! kfeov! ~fmjkv! q•fmf! nphv! eb! vtlmbej|uf! pe! 1-213! ep! 1-286! hs/! qpmfob-!b!up!{ob•j!eb!kfeob!~fmjkb!tbesaj!lpmj•jov!qpmfob!lpkb! kf!epwprob!{b!pehbkbxf!kfeof!q•fmf/! !

359


999/! [b|up! q•fmf! tlmbej|uf! qpmfo! tbnp! v! ~fmjkf! q•fmb! sbejmjdb@! sbejmjdb@! ^fmjkf! {b! qpmfo! tv! tmj•of! tjmbaopk! lvmj/! V! qpmfov! tf! sb{nopabwbkv! cblufsjkf-! j{b{jwbkv~j! nmf•opljtfmv! gfsnfoubdjkv-! lpkb! qpnbaf! pcsb{pwbxv! nmf•of! ljtfmjof-! lpkb! efmvkf! lbp! lpo{fswbot! ob! qpmfo! {b! evaj! qfsjpe! wsfnfob/! Pwbk! qspdft!qspuj•f!tbnp!ubeb-!lbeb!kf!qpmfo!epcsp!vubqlbo!v!~fmjkv! j! v! xfhb! of! qspejsf! wb{evi/! Eb! cj! vubqlbmb! qpmfo! q•fmj! kf! ofpqipebo! •wstu! ptmpobd! {b! ophf-! lpkj! ofnb! v! usvupwtljn! ~fmjkbnb/! Up! j{b{jwb! lpe! jotflbub! jotujolu! {b! qpqvxbwbxf! qpmfopn!tbnp!~fmjkb!{b!q•fmf!sbejmjdf/! ! 99:/Lblp!q•fmb!jtupwbsb!qpmfo!lpkj!kf!tblvqjmb-!v!~fmjkf@!! 99:/Lblp!q•fmb!jtupwbsb!qpmfo!lpkj!kf!tblvqjmb-!v!~fmjkf@ Tb! vovusb|xf! epxf! tusbof! dfwbojdf! ! ob! esvhpn! qbsv! )tsfexji*! ophv! lpe! q•fmb! jnb! jhmbtub! j{sbtmjob! )nbnv{b*! )2*! qpnp~v!lpkf!q•fmb!sbejmjdb!jtupwbsb!v!~fmjkf!qpmfo!tblvqrfo!v! lpsqjdbnb! )lpkf! tf! obmb{f! ob! xfojn! {bexjn! ophbnb! )tm/215*/! Pob! qptubwj! {bexf! ophf! v! ~fmjkv! j! qsjesabwbkv~j! jhmbtupn! j{sbtmjopn! qpmfo-! qptufqfop! j{wmb•j! ophf! j{! ~fmjkf/! Qptmf! uphb! esvhf! q•fmf! vubqlbwbkv!ubk!qpmfo!hmbwpn/! !! ! 9:1/! Hvcj! mj! qpmfo! isborjwv! wsfeoptu!qsj!evhpusbkopn!•vwbxv@! wsfeoptu!qsj!evhpusbkopn!•vwbxv@! Qp! qpebdjnb! oflji! jtusbajwb•b-! qpmfo! tblvqrfo! qpnp~v!tlvqrb•b-!ptv|fo!ob!wb{eviv! j! •vwbo! v! ifsnsuj•lj! {buwpsfopn! tvev! qsj! tpcopk! ufnqfsbuvsj-! {besabwb! isborjwv! wsfeoptu! v! Tm/!215! usbkbxv!•bl!21!hpejob/!! !

360


9:2/!\ub!tbesaj!pnpub•!qpmfopwph!{sob@! 9:2/!\ub!tbesaj!pnpub•!qpmfopwph!{sob@! Twblp!qpmfopwp!{sop!)qpmfo*!pcbwjkfop!kf!~fmjktlpn!pqopn! pe! dfmvmp{f-! lpkb! of! npaf! eb! tf! qsfsbej! pe! pshbob! {b! wbsfxf! q•fmf-! {bup! |up! tf! v! xjnb! of! tbesaf! fo{jnj-! sbtuwbsb•j! dfmvmp{f/! Jefbmob! wbsjkboub! cj! cjmb-! blp! cj! q•fmf! nphmf! eb! lpo{vnjsbkv!qpmfo!cf{!uph!pnpub•b/!!! ! 9:3/!Lpkb!tv!mflpwjub!twpktuwb!qpmfob@! 9:3/!Lpkb!tv!mflpwjub!twpktuwb!qpmfob@! Twblpeofwop! lpo{vnjsbxf! qpmfob! qpnbaf! qpcpr|bxv! pq|ufh! {esbwtuwfoph! tubxb! •pwflb/! Vnps! j! jtdsqrfoptu! qptufqfop! j|•f{bwbkv-! wsb~b! tf! tqplpktuwp! j! afrb! {b! sbepn/! Cmbhpuwpsop! efktuwp! qpmfob! tf! {btojwb! ob! upnf! |up! tf! pshboj{bn! ptmpcb}b! pe! puspwoji! nbufsjkb! obhpnjmboji! v! xfnv/! Eofwob! ep{b! hsbovmjsboph! qpmfob! epofuph! pe! q•fmb! j! tblvqrfoph! qpnp~v! tlvqrb•b! kf! pe! ½203½! ! lb|j•jdf! ep! 2! lb|jlf/! Qpmfo! usfcb! eb! tf! v{jnb! qpnf|bo! tb! nfepn-! lpnqpupn-! wp~ojn! tplpn!j!es/! ! 9:4/!Lblp!qpmfo!efmvkf!ob!pqpsbwbl!pshboj{nb@!! 9:4/!Lblp!qpmfo!efmvkf!ob!pqpsbwbl!pshboj{nb@ Twblp! {sodf! qpmfob! tbesaj! twf! ofpqipeof! nbufsjkf! {b! ajwpu;! cfmbo•fwjof-! wjubnjof-! nbtuj-! bnjopljtfmjof-! vhrfof! ijesbuf-! gfsnfouf! j! nophf! esvhf! tbtupklf! lpkj! ojtv! qspv•foj/! Qpmfo! tujnvmj|f! pshboj{bn! ob! j{nfov! nbufsjkb-! qsj! •fnv! jtqprbwb! mflpwjup! efktuwp/! Jnb! epcbs! fgflbu! lpe! mf•fxb! nbmplswoptuj-! bsufsjktlf! ijqfsufo{jkf-! tlmfsp{f-! pqtujqbdjkf<! qpwf~bwb! bqfuju-! qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! sflpowbmftdfoujnb! obsp•jup! qptmf! uf|lji! pqfsbdjkb/! Npaf! tf! v{jnbuj! j! lpe! qsfnpsb-! pcprfxb!kfusf!j!ofswoji!pcprfxb/!Usfcb!hb!v{jnbuj!sfepwop!j! evhp/!V{jnb!tf!sbtuwpsfo!v!wpej-!•bkv!jmj!nmflv/!! ! 9:5/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!nophp!wfmjlji!lpmj•job!qpmfob!v! qmpej|uv!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! qmpej|uv!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! V!ofljn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!qsfe!{b{jnrbwbxf!nphv!eb! tf! ob}v! wbmjlf! {bmjif! qpmfob/! [b! up! kf! {btmvabo! jotujolu! {b!

361


pesabwbxf! wstuf! lpkj! tf! lpe! q•fmb! pesbabwb! qsjspeojn! sb{nopabwbxfn!!spkfxfn/!Qsjtvtuwp!wfmjlf!lpmj•jof!qpmfob!v! qmpej|uv! tjhobmj{jsb! qsjqsfnv! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! {b! spkfxf! v! tmfef~pk!tf{poj/! ! 9:6/!V!lpkjn!q•fmjxjn!esv|uwjnb!jnb!nbmji!{bmjib!qpmfob!v! lp|ojdj!j!{b|up@! lp|ojdj!j!{b|up@! Nbmf!{bmjif!qpmfob!v!lp|ojdj!jnbkv!qswj!spkfwj/!Pwp!{cph! uphb!|up!{b!wfmjlv!lpmj•jov!mfhmb!usfcb!eb!j{sbef!nophp!nmf•b! tb!wjtpljn!tbesabkfn!cfmbo•fwjob-!ptopwojn!tbtupklpn!qpmfob/! B! qp|up! j{mfuojdf! epoptf! v! lp|ojdv! of! tbnp! qpmfo! ofhp! j! wfmjlv! lpmj•jov! ! oflubsb! j! wpef-! up! ojtv! v! tubxv! eb! hpnjmbkv! sf{fswf!qpmfob/!! ! 9:7/!Npaf!mj!qpmfo!eb!tf!{bnfoj!tvwjn!pcf{nb|~fojn!nmflpn@!! 9:7/!Npaf!mj!qpmfo!eb!tf!{bnfoj!tvwjn!pcf{nb|~fojn!nmflpn@ Hpejof! 2:5:/! v! sf{vmubuv! pqjub! v! lpkjnb! kf! jtlrv•fo! qsjtuvq! q•fmbnb! ep! qsjspeoph! j{wpsb! qpmfob-! obv•op! j! qsbluj•op! kf! eplb{bop! eb! tf! qpmfo! npaf! {bnfojuj! tvwjn! pcf{nb|~fojn! nmflpn! lpkf! q•fmf! sbep! lpo{vnjsbkv! lpe! oftubolb! qsjspeoph! qpmfob! v! qsjspej/! Qsj! upnf! nbujdb! opsnbmop! qpmbaf! kbkb! b! q•fmf! ofhvkv! mfhmp! pe! lphb! tf! sb{wjkbkv! lwbmjufuof!kfejolf/!! ! 9:8/!\ub!p{ob•bwb!qsjtvtuwp!usbhpwb!twfafh!qpmfob!v!obtubwlv! lp|ojdf@ lp|ojdf@! ojdf@! Qsjtvtuwp! twfafh! qpmfob! v! obtubwlv-! hef! q•fmf! nphv! eb! v}v! tbnp! lsp{! Ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv-! p{ob•bwb! eb! kf! qmpej|uf! wf~! qpqvxfop! tb! mfhmpn! j! qpmfopn! j! qp|up! ofnb! tmpcpeoji! ~fmjkb-! q•fmf! qp•jxv! eb! tlmbej|uf! qpmfo! v! obtubwdjnb/! V! upn! tmv•bkv!tb~f!tb!{buwpsfojn!mfhmpn!usfcb!qsfnftujuj!v!obtubwbl! b!ob!xjipwp!nftup!qptubwjuj!sbnpwf!tb!tbuojn!ptopwbnb/!!! ! 9:9/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tlmbej|uf!qpmfo!v!obtubwdjnb!lp|ojdf@! 9:9/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tlmbej|uf!qpmfo!v!obtubwdjnb!lp|ojdf@!

362


Ptopwoj! v{spl! ! tlmbej|ufxb! qpmfob! v! obtubwbl! lp|ojdf! kf! ofepwprob! wjtjob! qmpej|oji! sbnpwb! j! nbmj! qsptups! qmpej|ub-! lpkj! of! ep{wprbwb! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! eb! tf! sb{wjkb! epcsp/! V! ublwjn! tmv•bkfwjnb! •bl! j! Ibofnbopwb! sf|fulb! ojkf! qsfqsflb! tlmbej|ufxv! qpmfob! v! obtubwlv/! V! qpmp|lj! q•fmf! jnbkv!qsjtuvq!ep!obtubwlb!uk/!nbhbdjob!tbnp!lsp{!qmpej|uf/!Blp! kf! puwps! j{nf}v! ptopwof! lp|ojdf! j! nfej|ub! puwpsfo-! tlmbej|ufxf! qpmfob! v! nfej|uv! kf! qsjspeob! qpkbwb/! V! upn! ujqv! lp|ojdf! mfup! ob! nfej|uv! v! qfsjpev! qspevlujwoptuj! usfcb! eb! cvef!{buwpsfop/!! ! 9::/!\ub!kf!wjtdjo@! 9::/!\ub!kf!wjtdjo@! Wjtdjo! kf! mfqrjwb! nbufsjkb-! lpkpn! tv! qpmfopwb! {sodb-! ob! cjrlbnb! j{! qpspejdf! Vtusfmpwj-! tmfqrfob! v! nbmf! mpqujdf/! Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!qpmfo!tb!dwfupwb!uji!cjrblb-!mpqujdf!jn! tf! {bmfqf! ob! hmbwf! v! pcmjlv! avuji! lsvojdb! j! sp|•j~b! )wjej! qjubxf!:26*/!! ! :11/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!j{wbej!j{!~fmjkf!qpmfo!lpkj!kf!ptubp!j{! qsfuipeof!hpejof!b!eb!tf!of!qpwsfej!tb~f@ qsfuipeof!hpejof!b!eb!tf!of!qpwsfej!tb~f@! b!eb!tf!of!qpwsfej!tb~f@! Eb! cj! tf! j{wbejp! qpmfo! j{! ~fmjkf-! ! lpkj! kf! ptubp! j{! qsfeipeof! hpejof-! tb~f! usfcb! eb! tf! qptubwj! v! wfmjlj! tve! v! wfsujlbmoj! qpmpabk! j! pep{hp! eb! tf! qsjujtof! ufsfupn/! Tve! tf! qptufqfop! qvoj! lsp{! hvnfop! dsfwp! wpepn! j{! wpepwpeb/! Ublp! ~f! uf•optu! eb! eptqf! v! twf! ~fmjkf/! Tmfef~j! ebo! qpmfo! j! wpeb! tf! jtupwsfnfop! jtdfousjgvhjsbkv! j{! tb~b/! Blp! qpmfo! v! ~fmjkbnb! ojkf! epwprop! pwmbafo-! ub! qspdfevsb! usfcb! eb! tf! qpopwj/! Ptubmj! qpmfo! v! tb~v-! qptmf! dfousjgvhjsbxb! petusbxvkv! tbnf! q•fmf!lbeb!tb~f!cvef!qptubwrfop!qpopwp!v!lp|ojdf/!!! ! :12/!Lpmjlp!qsb|ojlpwji!{sob!npaf!eb!qsfoftf!kfeob!q•fmb@! :12/!Lpmjlp!qsb|ojlpwji!{sob!npaf!eb!qsfoftf!kfeob!q•fmb@! Phmfepn! kf! vuws}fop! eb! twblb! q•fmb! qsfoptj! ob! ufmv! pe! 3-3! ep! 3-6! njmjpob! qsb|ojlpwji! {sob! pe! ptopwoji! wstub!

363


qptf~foji! cjroji! lvmuvsb! j! pe! 239/111! ep! 271/111! {sob! esvhji! lvmuvsb/!! ! :13/! Lblp! tf! pcsb{vkv! mpqujdf! pe! qpmfob! ob! hsvejnb! q•fmf! sbejmjdf@! sbejmjdf@! Qsj! pcjmopk! qb|j! qpmfob! nphv! eb! tf! wjef! q•fmf! tb! ofsbwopnfsop! sbtqpsf}fojn! avujn! mpqujdbnb! qpmfob! {bmfqrfojn! ob! hsvejnb/! Pwp! obtubkf! qsj! j{mbtlv! q•fmf! j{! ~fmjkf! v! lpkpk! kf! pob! vubqlbwbmb! qpmfo! hmbwpn/! Efp! qpmfob! tf! {bmfqj! ob! hsvej! j! tuwseof! tf/! Q•fmf! of! tljebkv! {bmfqrfof! mpqujdf!j!qspevabwbkv!eb!mfuf!tb!xjnb/!!! ! :14/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{fswjsb!twfaj!qpmfo@! :14/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{fswjsb!twfaj!qpmfo@! Lpo{fswjsbxf! tf! ws|j! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! twfaf! tbcsboj! qpmfo!tf!qsfnfsj!j!qsfnb!j{nfsfopk!ufajoj!epebkf!tf!26&!nfeb! j!36&!wpef!)oqs/!ob!2!lh/!qpmfob!epeb!tf!261!hs/!nfeb!j!361!nm/! wpef*/! Ofpqipeob! lpmj•job! nfeb! sbtuwbsb! tf! v! penfsfopk! lpmj•joj! wpef-! tnf|b! tf! {bhsfwb-! wsj! 6! njo/! j! ptubwj! eb! tf! pimbej/! Qptmf! uphb! nfefoj! sbtuwps! tf! qpnf|b! tb! qpmfopn-! qspnf|b! tf! epcsp! j! obmjkf! v! gmb|f-! lpkf! tf! {buwbsbkv! j! ptubwf! eb! qsftupkf! 6! .! –7! ebob! qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! 46! –.! 51! °T! )cmj{v! qf~j*/! [b!up!wsfnf!cpkb!qpmfob!oqs/!pe!mftlf-!qspnfoj!tf!pe!tjwpavuf!v! avuplbgfov/! Qptmf! uphb! gmb|b! tf! {buwbsb! ifsnfuj•lj/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo! lpo{fswjsbo! qpmfo! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! v! twblp! wsfnf-! {bup! |up! tbesabk! twbsrjwji! cfmbo•fwjob! v! xfnv! ptubkf! ofqspnfxfo!j!up!kf!qvopwsfeob!isbob!{b!q•fmf/!! ! :15/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!qpmfo!pesf}fo!{b!pqsb|jwbxf@! :15/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!qpmfo!pesf}fo!{b!pqsb|jwbxf@! Twfa! qpmfo-! tblvqrfo! sv•op-! {bns{bwb! tf! v! {bns{jwb•v! qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!pe!!.29°T/!V!npnfouv!lbeb!usfcb!eb!tf!pqsb|vkv! pesf}fof! wstuf! cjrblb! po! tf! qptubwrb! v! nbmf! qptvef! ob! qpmfubrlv! lp|ojdf/! Ob! ubk! ob•jo-! q•fmf! qsfe! j{mfubxf! tf! qplsjwbkv! qpmfopn! )lbp! sf{vmubu! uvcvmfouoph! lsfubxb! wb{evib-! j{b{wboph! wjcsbdjkbnb! xjipwji! lsjmb*! j! pqsb|vkv! xjnf!

364


qptf~fof!cjrof!lvmuvsf/!Fgjlbtoptu!pwph!nfupeb-!qsfempafoph! pe! vojwfs{jufub! v! hsbev! Hvfmqf-! cjmb! kf! qspwfsfob! ob! tmfef~j! ob•jo;! v! qpmfo! kf! cjmb! epebub! gmvpsftdfouob! nbufsjkb-! lpkb! kf! qsj! ptwfurbwbxv! tb! vmusbwjpmfuojn! twfumpn! qplb{jwbmb! ob! lpkf!wstuf!cjrblb!tv!qbebmf!q•fmf/! ! :16/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!qpmfo@! :16/!Lbeb!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!qpmfo@ Q•fmf! tblvqrbkv! qpmfo! vwfl! lbeb! hb! jnb! v! qsjspej! b! pof! jnbkv!qsjtuvq!xfnv/!Pwp!{bwjtj!ublp}f!pe!lmjnbutlji!vtmpwb/! ! :17/!Lbeb!q•fmf!epoptf!obkwf~v!lpmj•jov!qpmfob!v!lp|ojdv@ :17/!Lbeb!q•fmf!epoptf!obkwf~v!lpmj•jov!qpmfob!v!lp|ojdv@! ov!qpmfob!v!lp|ojdv@! Q•fmf! epoptf! obkwf~v! lpmj•jov! qpmfob! v! lp|ojdv! lbeb! v! xpk!qsfwmb}vkf!puwpsfop!mfhmp/! ! :18/!Lpmjlp!q•fmb!epoptf!qpmfo!v!lp|ojdv!{b!kfebo!ebo!j!v!lpkpk! lpmj•joj@! lpmj•joj@! Hpejof! 2974/! v! sf{vmubuv! qspwfefoph! qptnbusbxb! q•fmbs! Qpmnbo! j{! hsbeb! Lpcmfodb! )Ofnb•lb*! kf! vuwsejp! eb! kf! {b! kfebo! ebo!v!lp|ojdv!cjp!epofu!qpmfo!pe!65/981!q•fmb/!Lbeb!tf!{ob!eb! 21/111!q•fmb!ufaj!qsjcmjaop!2!lh/!b!lpmj•job!epofuph!qsbib!ob! qbsv!opajdb!q•fmf!ufaj!2021!xfof!ufajof-!npaf!tf!vuwsejuj!eb! tv!uph!ebob!q•fmf!epofmf!v!lp|ojdv!plp!1-6!lh/!qpmfob/!! ! :19/!Ob!lpn!sbtujkbxv!pe!lp|ojdf!j!v!lpn!tufqfov!q•fmf! pqsb|vkv!dwfupwf!cjrblb@! pqsb|vkv!dwfupwf!cjrblb@! Ob! sbtupkbxv! ep! 211! n/! pe! q•fmjxblb! pqsb|vkv! twf! dwfupwf! cjrof! lvmuvsf! )uk/! 211&*/! Ob! twblji! tmfef~ji! 211! n/! pqsb|jwbxf! tf! tnbxvkf! {b! 4-8&/! Ob! 3-8! ln/! pe! lp|ojdf! mfuf! tbnp!qpkfejof!q•fmf!j!up!blp!ob!cmjtlpn!sbtupkbxv!ofnb!j{wpsb! pcjmof! qb|f/! Nbltjlbmop! sbtupkbxf! tb! lphb! q•fmb! npaf! eb! epoftf! oflubs! v! lp|ojdv-! of! tbnp! {b! tpqtuwfov! lpo{vnbdjkv-! ofhp! j! epebuov! lpmj•jov! kf! 3! ln/! Blp! tf! j{wps! pcjmof! qb|f! obmb{j!ob!sbtupkbxv!wf~fn!pe!3!ln/!pe!lp|ojdf-!q•fmf!usfcb!eb! tf!qsfnftuf!ep!xfhb/!

365


! :1:/!Lblbw!kf!sf{vmubu!pqsb|jwbxb!dwfupwb!isbtub!ob!sb{ojn! sbtupkbxjnb!pe!q•fmjxblb@! sbtupkbxjnb!pe!q•fmjxblb@! Q•fmf! pqsb|vkv! twf! dwfupwf! isbtub! )uk/! 211&*! lbeb! tv! eswfub!vebrfob!ep!611!n/!pe!q•fmjxblb/!Ep!sbtupkbxb!pe!2!ln/! fgjlbtoptu! pqsb|jwbxb! tf! tnbxvkf! ob! 41&-! nbltjnbmop! 51&/! Pe!2!ep!2-6!ln/!epcju!pe!ajsb!kf!tbnp!21&-!b!ob!sbtupkbxv!pe!3! ln/! hef! q•fmf! of! epmf~v! v! qspmf~f! {cph! ojtlf! ufnqfsbuvsf-! vpq|uf!ofnb!qsjoptb/!! ! :21/!Lpkj!qspdfobu!pe!vlvqoph!cspkb!pqsb|foji!dwfupwb!kf! :21/!Lpkj!qspdfobu!pe!vlvqoph!cspkb!pqsb|foji!dwfupwb!kf! pqsb|fop!v•f|~fn!q•fmb@! pqsb|fop!v•f|~fn!q•fmb@! Qpmfo! tf! qsfoptj! tb! dwfub! ob! dwfu! wfuspn-! q•fmbnb! j! esvhjn! jotflujnb/! Ob! qswp! nftup! nf}v! pqsb|jwb•jnb! cjrblb! usfcb!eb!tf!qptubwf!qsf!twfhb! q•fmf-!{bup!|up!pe!vlvqoph!cspkb! pqsb|foji!dwfupwb!ob!xji!puqbeb!96&-!ob!esvhf!jotfluf!24&-!b! ob!wfubs!tbnp!3&/!! ! :22/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{fswjsb!qpmfo!ob!u{w/!tvw!ob•jo@! :22/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!lpo{fswjsb!qpmfo!ob!u{w/!tvw!ob•jo@! Twfaj! qpmfo! tblvqrfo! qpnp~v! tblvqrb•b! qsbib-! qpnf|b! tf! v! tvev! tb! |f~fspn! v! qsbiv! v! sb{nfsj! 3! ;! 2! )3! efmb! qpmfob! 2! efp! |f~fsb*/! Qptmf! uphb! tve! tf! ifsnsuj•lj! {buwpsj/! Ob! pwbk! ob•jo!lpo{fswjsbo!qpmfo!tf!•vwb!ob!tpcopk!ufnqfsbuvsj!)29!–.!33! °T*/!Po!of!qmftojwj!j!of!gfsnfoujsb!•bl!{b!oflpmjlp!nftfdj!uk/! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! lbp! qvopwsfeob! isbob! lpe! qspmf~oph! qsjisbxjwbxb!q•fmb/!! ! :23/!Lblp!tf!v!TBE!qsjqsfnb!qvopwsfeob!{bnfob!{b!qpmfo@ :23/!Lblp!tf!v!TBE!qsjqsfnb!qvopwsfeob!{bnfob!{b!qpmfo@! sfeob!{bnfob!{b!qpmfo@! Pe! qsf! oflpmjlp! hpejob! v! jtusbajwb•lpk! mbcpsbupsjkj! v! Njoftpuj! tf! sbej! ob! ! j{sbej! pehpwbsbkv~f! {bnfof! {b! qpmfo/! V! qsbltj!tf!lpsjtuj!tnf|b!pe!4!efmb!tpkjoph!csb|ob-!2!efp!tvwph! qjwtlph! lwbtdb! j! 2! efp! tvwph! pcf{nb|~foph! nmflb/! Lwbmjufu! isborjwptuj!pwph!qspj{wpeb!tf!qpwf~bwb!epebwbxfn!21&!tvwph! avnbodb!pe!kbkb!j!jtub!lpmj•job!gjop!tbnmfwfoph!lb{fjob/!!!

366


• Lb{fjo! kf! cfmbo•fwjob! lpkf! jnb! v! nmflv/! Lpsjtuj! tf! v! qsfisbncfopk!joevtusjkj/!! ! :24/Lpmjlj!kf!tbesabk!cfmbo•fwjob!v!qpmfov@!! :24/Lpmjlj!kf!tbesabk!cfmbo•fwjob!v!qpmfov@ Tbesabk!cfmbo•fwjob!v!qpmfov!{bwjtj!pe!wstuf!dwfupwb! j! wbsjsb! v! hsbojdbnb! pe! 21! ! ep! 65&! /! Ublp! oqs/! qpmfo! mftlf! tbesaj!57-79&!twbsrjwji!cfmbo•fwjob-!1-27&!nbtop~f-!32-69&! wmblob! j! 5-31&! tvwji! nbufsjkb/! Nophp! kf! lpsjtubo! qpmfo! pe! sbljuf! ! lpkj! tbesaj! 58-24&! twbsrjwji! cbmbo•fwjob/! Tb! obknbxpn! isborjwpn! wsfeop|~v! {b! q•fmf! kf! qpmfo! cpsb! lpkj! tbesaj!tbnp!:-65&!twbsrjwji!cfmbo•fwjob/! ! :25/! Jnbkv! mj! q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! pshbo! lpkjn! nphv! sb{mjlpwbuj! qpmfo!pe!xfhpwf!{bnfof@! qpmfo!pe!xfhpwf!{bnfof@! Pe! ! jtusbajwbxb! bnfsj•lph! obv•ojlb! Ubcfsb! kf! qp{obup! eb!qpmfo!tbesaj!bspnbuj•ov!nbufsjkv! qp!lpkpk! q•fmf!nphv!eb!hb! sb{mjlvkv!pe!xfhpwf!{bnfof/!Obv•ojl!kf!j{pmpwbp!uv!bspnbuj•ov! nbufsjkv!j!eplb{bp!eb!tf!pob!npaf!epcjuj!ob!wf|ub•lj!ob•jo!j! eb! npaf! eb! tf! epebkf! {bnfobnb! qpmfob/! Qptmf! epebwbxb! uph! ifnjktlph! qspj{wpeb! q•fmf! qspevabwbkv! eb! lpo{jnjsbkv! {bnfov! •bl! j! lbeb! tf! v! qsjspej! qpkbwjp! qpmfo/! [bup! |up! epcjkfob! bspnbuj•ob! nbufsjkb! ! kp|! ojkf! qv|ufob! v! qspebkv-! {bnfof! qspevavkv!eb!tf!lpsjtub!v!lsbkxpk!ovaej!uk/!lbeb!v!qsjspej!obnb! qpmfob/!! ! :26/\ub!qsfutubwrb!cpmftu!sphpwb!j!cpmftu!qfuf!lpe!q•fmf@ :26/\ub!qsfutubwrb!cpmftu!sphpwb!j!cpmftu!qfuf!lpe!q•fmf@! wb!j!cpmftu!qfuf!lpe!q•fmf@! V{spl! pwf! ewf! cpmftuj! tv! dwfupwj! cjrblb! j{! qpspejdf!! Vtusfmpwj! lpkf! mv•f! mfqrjwv! nbufsjkv! wjtdjo! )wjej! qjubxf! :1:*/! Blp! tv! qpmfopwb! {sob! tmfqrfob! wjtdjopn! v! mpqujdv! {bmfqrfob!ob!hmbwv!q•fmf-!hpwpsj!tf!p!cpmftuj!sphpwb-!b!blp!tv! {bmfqrfob! ob! ophf! q•fmb-! ! p! cpmftuj! qfuf/! Esvhj! ob{jw! kf! ofqsbwjmbo-! {bup! |up! v! tuwbsoptuj! ojkf! cpmftu! ofhp! tbnp! qptfcop! tubxf! lpe! q•fmb-! lpkf! jtujob! jnb! qphjcfrof!

367


qptmfejdf/! Qplv|bwbkv~j! eb! tf! j{cbwj! pe! uph! ofqsjkbuoph! upwbsb-!q•fmf!tlb•v!qp!{fnrj!j!lbp!sf{vmubu!uphb!vhjov/!! ! !

Qspqpmjt! Qspqpmjt! ! :27/!\ub!kf!qspqpmjt@! :27/!\ub!kf!qspqpmjt@! Qspqpmjt!kf!q•fmjxj!mfqbl-!lpkj!q•fmf!epcjkbkv!pe!tnpmb-! lpkf!mv•f!qvqprdj! j!lpsb!eswbub!)71&*-!q•fmjxfh!wptlb!)41&*-! fufsj•oji! vrb! j! qpmfob/! Qspqpmjt! npaf! eb! cvef! ubnop! {fmfo-! {fmfop!lbgfo-!b!qpoflbe!j!ubnop!lbgfo!qp!cpkj/!Qp{obuf!tv!ewf! wstuf! qspqpmjtb/! Qswb! wstub! jnb! cjrop! qpsflmp/! Q•fmf! hb! qsfoptf! v! lpsqjdbnb! {b! qpmfo! ob! {bexjn! ophbnb! j! xjnf! {bnb{vkv! qvlpujof! v! lp|ojdj! j! tqbkbkv! tb~f! kfeop! t! esvhjn! )qsf! twfhb! sbnpwf-! qsfhsbef! j! es/*/! Pwb! wstub! qspqpmjtb! kf! nophp! wsfeob! j! {bup! usfcb! eb! tf! tblvqrb/! Esvhb! wstub! kf! pe! qspdftb! wbsfxb! lpe! q•fmb/! Tb! xjn! pof! qpmjsbkv! ~fmjkf! tb~b! hef! tf! •vwbkv!sf{fswf!isbof!j!pehbkb!mfhmp!)tm/216*/! !

! !

Tm/!216!

368


:28/!Lbeb!j!lblp!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!″ :28/!Lbeb!j!lblp!q•fmf!tblvqrbkv! ″tjspwjov″ tjspwjov″!{b!qspqpmjt@! !{b!qspqpmjt@! Q•fmf!tblvqrbkv!″tjspwjov″!{b!qspqpmjt!qptmf!qpeof!lbeb! kf! okupqmjkf/! Q•fmb! iwbub! •frvtujnb! qbs•fodf! mfqrjwf! tnpmbtuf!nbtf!)lbnfe*-!lpkv!mv•j!qpwsf}fob!lpsb!eswfub-!jtufaf! hb! v! oju! j! mfuj! v! wb{evi! eb! kf! puljof/! Qptmf! oflpmjlp! tflvoej! pob! tmf~f! ob! qsfuipeop! nftup-! tb! oplupn! ob! esvhpn! qbsv! ophv! qsjiwbub! oju! j{! •frvtuj! j! jtqsftbwjkb! kf! v! lpsqjdv! {b! qpmfo/! Lbeb! obqvoj! pcf! lpsqjdf! pemf~f! v! lp|ojdv-! hef! esvhf! q•fmf! sbtuwbsbkv! lbnfe-! jtufav~j! hb! oju! qp! oju/! Lbeb! v! qsjspej! jnb! nophp!oflubsb!q•fmf!of!tblvqrbkv!lbnfe/!! ! :29/!Lblwp!kf!efktuwp!qspqpmjtb!ob!q•fmjxf!tb~f@ :29/!Lblwp!kf!efktuwp!qspqpmjtb!ob!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! efktuwp!qspqpmjtb!ob!q•fmjxf!tb~f@! Qspqpmjt! cpkj! q•fmjxf! tb~f-! b! ptjn! uphb! qpwf~bwb! nv! •wstujov! j! j{esarjwptu! qsfnb! wjtpljn! ufnqfsbuvsbnb/Ufnqfsbuvsb! upqrfxb! qspqpmjtb! kf! {b! 53°T! wj|b! pe! ufnqfsbuvsf! upqrfxb! wptlb-! uk/! qspqpmjt! tf! upqj! ob! 216°T/! ! :2:/!Lbeb!j!{b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!qspqpmjt!v!lp|ojdj@ :2:/!Lbeb!j!{b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!qspqpmjt!v!lp|ojdj@! j!{b!|ub!q•fmf!lpsjtuf!qspqpmjt!v!lp|ojdj@! Q•fmf!lpsjtuf!qspqpmjt!v!lp|ojdj!obk•f|~f!v!kftfo;!xjnf! pof!v•ws|~vkv!sbnpwf-!eb!tf!of!qplsf~v-!qbarjwp!{buwbsbkv!twf! qvlpujof! tb! vovusb|xf! tusbof-! eb! cj! tqsf•jmf! qspeps! imbeoph! wb{evib! j! eb! phsboj•f! nphv~optu! wb{ev|oph! tusvkbxb-! lpkf! kf! nophp!pqbtop!{b!{jnpwbxf!q•fmb!)tusvkbxf!wpej!ep!pcsb{pwbxb! wmbhf!v!lp|ojdj*-!qpqvxbwbkv!twblv!qvlpujov!nbxv!pe!6!nn/!{bup! |up!v!xjnb!npaf!eb!jnb!qpmpafoji!kbkb!pe!wptlpwph!nprdb/! ! :31/![b!|ub!kf!cjp!lpsj|~fo!qspqpmjt!v!qsp|mptuj@! :31/![b!|ub!kf!cjp!lpsj|~fo!qspqpmjt!v!qsp|mptuj@! V! qsp|mptuj! qspqpmjt! kf! cjp! lpsj|~fo! lbp! qpmjsbkv~j! nbufsjkbm! lpe! j{sbef! wjpmjob/! Pof! tv! nb{bof! sbtuwpspn! qspqpmjtb!v!ufsqfoujov!j!|qjsjuvtv!eb!cj!ebwbmf!ofabo!{wvl/! ! :32/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!qspqpmjt!v!mf•fxv@! :32/!Lblp!tf!lpsjtuj!qspqpmjt!v!mf•fxv@

369


Bmlpipmoj! sbtuwps! qspqpmjtb! qsbwj! tf! ublp! |up! tf! jtjuxfoj! qspqpmjt! tjqb! v! cpdv! tb! :7&! bmlpipmpn! v! lpkpk! tupkj! oflpmjlp!ebob!v{!twblpeofwop!nv~lbxf/!Tmvaj!{b!qsfnb{jwbxf! sbob! ob! lpaj-! lpe! p|uf~fxb! eftoj/! V{jnb! tf! v! wjev! lbqj! tb! wpepn-! tplpn-! nmflpn! jmj! ob! |f~fsv/! Qpwf~bwb! puqpsoptu! pshboj{nb-!qpnbaf!lpe!vmlvtoji!pcprfxb/!Qpnbaf!pqpsbwbl/! ! :33/!Lblwp!kf!mflpwjup!efktuwp!qspqpmjtb@! :33/!Lblwp!kf!mflpwjup!efktuwp!qspqpmjtb@! Gbsnblpmp|lb! jtusbajwbxb! efktuwb! qspqpmjtb! tv! qplb{bmb! eb! po! jnb! cblufsjdjeop-! cblufsjtubuj•lp-! boujwjsvtop-! gvohjdjeop-! boujgmphjtuj•lp-! efsnpqmbtuj•op-! boujupltj•op-! cjptujnvmjsbkv~f! j! mjlbmop! boujtfquj•lp! efktuwp/! Qspqpmjt! tqsf•bwb! efktuwp! cbdjmb! uvcfslvmp{f-! lpipw! cbdjm-! mf•j! tubgjmplplof! jogfldjkf! j! hrjwj•ob! pcprfxb! )ob! oplujnb*/! Qspwpef! tf! fltqfsjnfouj! {b! mf•fxf! lbsdjopnb! )qp! Fsmjiv*/! V! jtusbajwb•lpn! jotujuvuv! {b! {mp~veof! uvnpsf! v! TTTS-! qspqpmjt! kf! qsjnfxjwbo! qspujw! pcprfxb! j{b{wboji! sfouhfotljn!{sb•fxfn/!! ! :34/!Lpkj!mflpwjuj!qsfqbsbuj!tv!j{sb}foj!pe!qspqpmjtb@! :34/!Lpkj!mflpwjuj!qsfqbsbuj!tv!j{sb}foj!pe!qspqpmjtb@! V! TTTS! pe! qspqpmjtb! tf! qspj{wpef! tmfef~j! qsfqbsbuj;! qspqpmbo! .–! qspujw! pqflpujob-! wbkwb! –.! {b! ef{jogfldjkv! vtof! evqrf-! nfub! –.! {b! voj|ubwbxf! tpcoji! j! qbuphfoji! njlsppshboj{bnb-! j! kp|! 8! esvhji! qsfqbsbub/! V! Svnvojkj! tf! qspj{wpej!qsfqbsbu!gmpsbm!–.!{b!ef{jogfldjkv!vtof!|vqrjof/!! ! !

Nmf•! Nmf•! ! :35/! \ub! qsfetubwrb! q•fmjxj! nmf•! j! lblwb! tv! nv! gj{j•lb! twpktuwb@! twpktuwb@! Q•fmjxj! nmf•! kf! tflsfu!aesfmoji!amf{eb! nmbeji! q•fmb/! Tnf|bo! tb! tflsfupn! hpsxpwjmj•of! amf{ef! j! nfepn! j{! nfeoph! nfivsb! tmvaj! {b! jtisbov! mbswj! v! nbuj•xbdjnb/! Qsfetubwrb!

370


avupcfmv! ep! twfumplbgfof! nbufsjkv! lpo{jtufodjkf! lbp! nfe-! ljtfmph!vlvtb!j!tmbcph!njsjtb/!Mjpgjmj{pwbo!)wjej!qjubxf!:47*! nmf•! kf! eptub! ijhsptlpqbo! j! {bup! tf! qsfqpsv•vkf! eb! tf! vqblvkf! qsj! wmbaoptuj! wb{evib! 31! –.! 41&! j! eb! tf! •vwb! v! ifsnfuj•lj! {buwpsfopn! tvev/! Ljtfmptu! nv! {bwjtj! pe! qsjtvtuwb! ljtfmjof-! •jkj! tbesabk! qsj! pewpkfopn! jtqjujwbxv! nbufsjkf! ojkf! kfeobl! j! {bup!kf!SO!sb{mj•ju/!Tqfdjgj•ob!ufajob!nmf•b!kf!2-2/!! ! :36/!Lblbw!kf!ifnjktlj!tbtubw!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@! :36/!Lblbw!kf!ifnjktlj!tbtubw!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@! Ub•bo! ifnjktlj! tbtubw! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! kp|! ojkf! vuws}fo/! Qp{obup!kf!tbnp!eb!tbesaj!plp!77&!wpef!j!45&!tvwf!nbufsjkf!-! pe!•fhb!23-45&!tv!cfmbo•fwjof-!6-45&!mjqjej-!23-5:&!hmjdjej-! 1-95&! njofsbmof! nbufsjkf-! wjubnjoj-! ipsnpoj! j! esvhf! blujwof! nbufsjkf! j! 3-:5&! nbufsjkf! tb! kp|! ofqp{obujn! ifnjktljn! tbtubwpn/! V! q•fmjxfn! nmf•v! kf! vuws}fop! 25! bnpopljtfmjob-! :! wstub! ipsnpob-! sb{oj! fo{jnj-! 9! wstub! wjubnjob-! hwpa}f-! nbhof{jkvn-! nbohbo-! lbmdjkvn! j! es/! Wsfeob! lpnqpofoub! kf! 21! –.! ijespltj!.! 3!–!efdjmpwb!ljtfmjob-!lpkb!ep!ebobt!ojkf!pulsjwfob! v!qsjspeopn!pcmjlv/!! ! :37/!V!•fnv!tf!sbtuwbsb!q•fmjxj!nmf•@! :37/!V!•fnv!tf!sbtuwbsb!q•fmjxj!nmf•@ Q•fmjxj! nmf•! tf! sbtuwbsb! sfmbujwop! epcsp! v! wpej! ep! lpodfousbdjkf! 1-36! –.! 1-41! hs/! ob! 211! nm/! wpef! qsj! •fnv! tf! pcsb{vkf!ipnphfob!fnvm{jkb/!Sbtuwps!kf!nvubo/!Q•fmjxj!nmf•!tf! sbtuwbsb! •bl! v! 1-2&! .! opn! sbtuwpsv! ! ObDm! )lvijxtlb! tp*-! b! pe! pshbotlji! sbtuwbsb•b! ! .! v! fusv-! bdfupov! j! |qjsjuvtv/! Sbtuwpsrjwptu! v! nfev! nv! kf! 91&/! Nophp! epcsp! tf! sbtuwbsb! v! nfefopn!wjov-!tb!lpkjn!evhp!wsfnf!p•vwb!cjpmp|lb!twpktuwb/! ! :38/! \ub! usfcb! eb! tf! sb{vnf! qpe! mjpgjmj{bdjkb! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b@! nmf•b@! Mjpgjmj{bdjkb! kf! wf|ub•lp! jtv|jwbxf! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! qptmf! sbtimb}jwbxb! v! wblvvnv! qsj! ojtlpk! ufnqfsbuvsj! )plp! .! 61°T*! v! mjpgjmj{bupsv/! Hpupw! qspj{wpe! qsfetubwrb! av~lbtuv!

371


lsjtubmov! nbufsjkv-! lpkb! usfcb! eb! tf! •vwb! v! ifsnfuj•lj! {buwpsfojn! tvepwjnbpe! ubnoph! tublmb-! qptubwrfojn! v! gsjajefs!qsj!ufnqfsbuvsj!ep!4°T/! ! :39/! Lpkj! q•fmjxj! nmf•! kf! fgjlbtojkj! twfaj! jmj! mjpgjmj{pwboj@! mjpgjmj{pwboj@! Svnvotlj! tqfdjktmjtuj! tv! vuwsejmj! eb! efktuwp! mjpgjmj{pwboph! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! of! usfcb! eb! tf! vqpsf}vkf! tb! efktuwpn! twfafh! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b/! Poj! uwsef! eb! tf! qsj! mjpgjmj{bdjkj! voj|ubwbkv! pesf}fof! blujwof! nbufsjkf! tb! mflpwjujn! efktuwpn-! lpkf! tf! obmb{f! v! q•fmjxfn! nmf•v/! Phmfej! qspwfefoj!v!qsfev{f~v!″Tmpwblpgbsnb″!nf}vujn!qplb{bmj!tv!eb! v! mjpgjmj{pwbopn! q•fmjxfn! nmf•v! of! obtuvqb! sbtqbebxf! blujwoji!nbufsjkb-!•bl!j!usj!hpejof!qptmf!mjpgjmj{bdjkf-!ublp! eb!qjubxf!ptubkf!tqpsop/! ! :3:/!\ub!kf!bdfujmipmjo@! :3:/!\ub!kf!bdfujmipmjo@! Bdfujmipmjo!kf!ofvspipsnpo-!lpkj!tf!tbesaj!v!nfev-!bmj!v! q•fmjxfn! nmf•v! kf! v! 2/111! qvub! wf~pk! lpmj•joj/! Sbej! uphb! q•fmjxj! nmf•! tf! tnbusb! kfejotuwfop! wsfeojn! qspj{wpepn! lbp! mfl! tb! ipsnpobmojn! efktuwpn/! Blujwoptu! bdfujmipmjob! v! xfnv! ojkf! qptupkbob/Qsj! ufnqfsbuvsj! •vwbxb! pe! 3! ep! 5°T-! qptmf! 3! nftfdb! pob! tf! tnbxvkf! {b! 61&! b! qptmf! 9! nftfdj! j|•f{bwb! qpuqvop/!V!nfev!blujwoptu!bdfujmipmjob!tf!tnbxvkf!tqpsp!–.!{b!4! hpejof!tqbeb!ob!86&/!!! ! :41/!Lblp!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!wfmjlb!lpmj•job!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b! {b!gbsnbdfvutlf!qpusfcf@! {b!gbsnbdfvutlf!qpusfcf@! [b! epcjkbxf! wfmjlji! lpmj•job! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! {b! gbsnbdfvutlf! qpusfcf! ! tv! qsfempafoj! ! wf|ub•lj! nbuj•xbdj-! lpkj! v! epxfn! efmv! jnbkv! pcmjl! •j{nf/! V! ublwjn! ~fmjkbnb! qsj! isbxfxv!mbswj!efp!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b!jtuj•f!v!jtlsjwrfoj!efp! ″! •j{nf″! j! ptubkf! ubnp! lbp! sf{fswb! )epqvotlj! qspj{wpe*/! Ptjn! uphb-!blp!tf!tblvqrbxf!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b!ws|j!v!qfsjpev!lbeb!kf!

372


tubsptu! mfswj! 83! •btb! pof! tf! of! wbef! j{! ~fmjkb! j! jtjtbwbkv! tf! {bkfeop!tb!nmf•pn/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!wsfnf!{b!tblvqrbxf!q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! tf! tlsb~vkf! 21! qvub! j! epcjkfob! lpmj•job! tf! vwf~bwb! plp! 26&/! ! :42/!Lblp!tf!gjmusjsb!)qsf•j|~bwb*!q•fmjxj!nmf•!qptmf! :42/!Lblp!tf!gjmusjsb!)qsf•j|~bwb*!q•fmjxj!nmf•!qptmf! wb}fxb!j{!nbuj•xblb@! wb}fxb!j{!nbuj•xblb@! [b! gjmusjsbxf! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b-! ob! lsbkv! dsfwb! bqbsbub! {b!jtqvnqbwbxf!qsj•wstuj!tf!ubolb!twjmfob!ulbojob!j!q•fmjxj! nmf•!tf!qsftjqb!lsp{!xv!j{!qvoph!tveb!v!esvhj!•jtu!j!qsb{bo/!Ob! ubk!ob•jo!gjmusjsbo!q•fmjxj!nmf•!kf!•jtu!j!ipnphfo!qp!tbtubwv/! Q•fmjxj!nmf•!npaf!eb!tf!qsp•jtuj!j!lsp{!twjmfov!•bsbqv/!! ! :43/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!•vwb!q•fmjxj!nmf•@! :43/!Lblp!usfcb!eb!tf!•vwb!q•fmjxj!nmf•@! Q•fmjxj! nmf•! usfcb! eb! tf! •vwb! v! tvepwjnb! pe! ubnoph! tublmb-! {bup! |up! eofwop! twfump! ws|j! ofqpwprop! efktuwp! ob! xfhb/! Qsj! •vwbxv! ufnqfsbuvsb! of! usfcb! eb! qsf}f! 6°T/! Obkcprf! kf! blp! kf! pob! plp! ufnqfsbuvsf! {bns{bwbxb! )oqs/! v! gsjajefsv*/! Of! usfcb! eb! tf! ep{wpmj! lpoublu! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! tb! nfubmjnb-! lpkj! efktuwvkv! lbp! lbubmj{bupsj-! uk/! vcs{bwbkv! sb{of! ifnjktlf! qspdftf!j!efktuwvkv!ofqpwprop!ob!lwbmjufu!qspj{wpeb/!Qsj!sbev! kf!ofpqipeop!eb!tf!wpej!sb•vob!p!•jtup~j!)qptfcop!svlv*!j!eb!tf! of!qv|j!)ojlpujo!p|uf~vkf!q•fmjxj!nmf•*/!Obklbtojkf!ep!4!tbub! qptmf! wb}fxb! qsf•j|~foj! q•fmjxj! nmf•! usfcb! eb! cvef! wf~! qptubwrfo!v!tve!{b!•vwbxf/! ! :44/!Lpkj!mflpwj!tf!qspj{wpef!pe!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@ :44/!Lpkj!mflpwj!tf!qspj{wpef!pe!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@! 4/!Lpkj!mflpwj!tf!qspj{wpef!pe!q•fmjxfh!nmf•b@! Pe! •jtuph! q•fmjxfh! nmf•b! jmj! nmf•b! tb! epebulpn! nfeb! j{sb}vkv! tf! tmfef~j! mflpwjuj! qsfqbsbuj;! v! TTTS! –! bqjmbl! )qsfqpsv•vkf! tf! lpe! ef•jkf! ijqpuspgjkf! .–! tmbcptu-! bofnjkb! ofqsbwjmbo! sb{wpk-! mp|! bqfuju-! cftbojdb! j! es/! ! lpe! wjtplph! lswoph! qsjujtlb-! jogbslub! njplbseb! j! bufsptlmfsp{f*/! V! Gsbodvtlpk!.–! bqjtfsvn!j!afmf!spkbm!)lpe!efqsftjkf-!{b!pqpsbwbl! qptmf! ! qsfmfabof! cpmftuj*/! V! Svnvojkj! –! fofshpwjubm! )lpe!

373


oftbojdf-!uvcfslvmp{f-!vqbmf!kfusf-!btunf-!•jsfwb*/!V!Cvhbstlpk!–.! bqjupojo!)!{b!pqpsbwbl-!lpe!pcprfxb!pshbob!{b!tuwbsbxf!lswj*/! V! Jubmjkj! –.! tqjoubwju! ){b! mf•fxf! ef•jkf! ijqpuspgjkf-! •jsfwb-! ofvsbmhjkf! j! cpmftuj! pshbob! {b! tuwsbxf! lswj*/! V! Ofnb•lpk! –.! spkbqbs! )lpe! wjtplph! lswoph! qsjujtlb-! bufsptlmfsp{f-! jnqpufodjkf*/! V! Kbqbov! –.! spfmj! )lpe! bofnjkf-! qptmf! sbejpufsbqjkf-! lpe! qpmof! tmbcptuj! j! upltjlp{f*/! V! _fiptmpwb•lpk! tf! qspj{wpej! wjub! bqjopm! tqpgb! )qspujw! btunf-! {bqbrfxb!qmv~b-!bufsptlmfsp{f!j!es/*! ! :45/!Lpmjlp!kf!nmf•!wsfeob!nbufsjkb!{b!•pwflb@! :45/!Lpmjlp!kf!nmf•!wsfeob!nbufsjkb!{b!•pwflb@ Nbuj•oj!nmf•!tmvaj!{b!jtisbov!mbswj!pe!lpkji!~f!obtubuj! nbujdb/! Nmf•! npaf! eb! qptm<vaj! lbp! tujnvmbot! {b! sb{nfov! nbufsjkb! ! v! •pwf•jkfn! pshboj{nv! j! j{wps! kf! qsjspeoji! blujwoji! tvqtubodj!lpkf!qpwf~bwbkv!jnvojufu!pshboj{nb/!! ! !

Q•fmjxj!!puspw! Q•fmjxj!!puspw! ! :46/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!puspw!j!lblbw!nv!kf!ifnjktlj!tbtubw@ njktlj!tbtubw@! :46/!\ub!kf!q•fmjxj!puspw!j!lblbw!nv!kf!if njktlj!tbtubw@! Q•fmjxj! puspw! )bqjupltjo*! kf! qspj{wpe! puspwof! amf{ef! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! j! nbujdf/! Qsfetubwrb! cf{cpkov! uf•optu! qsjkbuoph!njsjtb!j!ljtfmf!sfbldjkf!)sO>!6-3*/!Sbtuwbsb!tf!v!wpej! j! fusv/! Tbesaj! 77&! wpef! j! 45&! tvwf! nbufsjkf! pe! •fhb! tv! 86&! cfmbo•fwjof/! Ptopwob! blujwob! lpnqpofoub! q•fmjxfh! puspwb! kf! cfmbo•fwjob! nfmjujo! lpkb! kf! tbtubwrfob! pe! 24! bnjopljtfmjob/! V! sf{fswpbsv! puspwof! amf{ef! lpe! nmbeji! q•fmb! jnb! nbmb! lpmj•job!puspwb-!lpkb!tf!tb!pesbtubxfn!vwf~bwb/! ! :47/!Lblp!tf!epcjkb!q•fmjxj!puspw@! :47/!Lblp!tf!epcjkb!q•fmjxj!puspw@! Q•fmjxj! puspw! tf! epcjkb! qsj! tlvqrbxv! j{! abplf! q•fmf-! qpnp~v!tqfdjkbmoph!bqbsbub-!lpe!lphb!tv!ob!pesf}fopn!sbtupkbxv! sb{bqfuj! fmflusj•oj! qspwpeopdj! b! jtqpe! xji! jnb! hvnfoj! qpenfub•/! Bqbsbu! tf! qptubwj! qsfe! mfup! lp|ojdf/! Q•fmf!

374


sb{esbafof! fmflusj•opn! tusvkpn! vcpev! v! qpenfub•! abplv! {bkfeop!tb!abp•ojn!bqbsbupn/!Qptmf!uphb!qpenfub•!tf!ptusvaf-! puspw!tf!pqfsf!wpepn!j!epcjkfoj!qspj{wpe!tf!qsfsb}vkf!v!mfl!)v! Tmpwb•lpk! –.! wjsbqjo*/! Sbeojdj! lpkf! joufsftvkf! tblvqrbxf! q•fmjxfh! puspwb! usfcb! eb! cvev! tb! tqfdjkbmojn! {b|ujuojn! pefmpn-!{bup!|up!v!wsfnf!uf!qspdfevsf!q•fmf!obqbebkv!twf!lpkj! tf!lsf~v!cmj{v!lp|ojdf-!•bl!j!ob!sbtupkbxv!pe!311!n/!pe!xf/! ! :48/!Lpmjlp!hsbnb!tvwph!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!pe! kfeoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!qsj!kfeoplsbuopn!tblvqrbxv!j!lpmjlp! q•fmb!kf!qpusfcop!{b!epcjkbxf!2!lh/!•jtuph!q•fmjxfh!puspwb@ q•fmb!kf!qpusfcop!{b!epcjkbxf!2!lh/!•jtuph!q•fmjxfh!puspwb@! epcjkbxf!2!lh/!•jtuph!q•fmjxfh!puspwb@! Pe!kfeoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!qsj!kfeoplsbuopn!tblvqrbxv! npaf!eb!tf!epcjkf!qsjcmjaop!3!hs/!tvwph!q•fmjxfh!puspwb-!b!eb! tf! tblvqj! 2! lh/! xfhb-! ofpqipeop! kf! 611! lh/! ajwji! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb/! Qpopwop! tblvqrbxf! puspwb! pe! jtuph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!npaf!eb!tf!pcbwj!obksbojkf!qptmf!25!ebob/! ! :49/!Eb!mj!kf!q•fmjxj!puspw!cblufsjdjebo@! :49/!Eb!mj!kf!q•fmjxj!puspw!cblufsjdjebo@! Q•fmjxj! puspw! ojkf! cblufsjdjebo-! b! qptmf! sb{sf}jwbxb! po! hvcj! blujwoptu! qpe! efktuwpn! njlspcb/! Ifnpmjuj•op! efktuwp! )voj|ubwbxf! dswfoji! lswoji! {sobdb*! pcj•op! tf! {besabwb! v! usbkbxv! 48! ebob-! bmj! v! oftufsjmopn! sbtuwpsv! oftubkf! qptmf! 6! ebob/! Nfmjujo! j! fo{jnj! jtup! tf! voj|ubwbkv! cs{p-! bmj! blp! tf! q•fmjxj! puspw! •vwb! v! ifsnfuj•lj! {buwpsfojn! tvepwjnb-! uf! lpnqpofouf!{besabwbkv!blujwoptu!wj|f!pe!hpejof/! ! :4:/! \ub! kf! mplbmob! mplbmob! b! |ub! pq|ub! upltj•ob! sfbldjkb! ob! vcpe! q•fmf@! q•fmf@! Mplbmob!upltj•ob!sfbldjkb!)pupl-!twsbc-!dswfojmp*!qptupkj! lpe!twblphb/!Pob!usbkf!pe!kfeoph!ep!8.9!ebob/!! Lpe!pq|uf!upltj•of!sfbldjkf-!ptjn!puplb! ob!nftuv!vcpeb-! nphv! tf! kbwjuj! nfivsj-! qpoflbe! wfmjlj! j! tqpkfoj-! tb! kbljn! twsbcpn!j!qfhbnb!qp!dfmpn!ufmv.!lpqsjwxb•b/!Qsj!upnf!tf!kblp! qpwf~bwb! ufnqfsbuvsb-! kbwrbkv! tf! kblj! cpmpwj! hmbwf-! nvlb! j!

375


qpwsb~bxf/! V! ufajn! tmv•bkfwjnb! tf! vp•bwb! cvojmp-! hs•fwj-! qspnfof! v! lswj! )lswpupl-! tnbxfxf! {hsv|bwbxb*/! Ep{b! puspwb! lpe! jtupwsfnfoph! vcpeb! 611! j! wj|f! q•fmb! kf! tnsupoptob! {b! •pwflb/! [b!sb{wpk!pq|uf!bmfshjktlf!sfbldjkf!epwprbo!kf!kfebo!vcpe! q•fmf-! qsj! •fnv! nftup! vcpeb! of! jhsb! vmphv-! qp|up! kf! efktuwp! vtmpwrfop!tubxfn!tqfdjgj•oji!boujufmb!v!lswj!qsfnb!puspwv-! lpkb! tf! obhpnjmbwbkv! tb! twbljn! tmfef~jn! vcpepn-! qb! tf! qsfnb! upnf!qpkb•bwb!ufajob!twblf!tmfef~f!sfbldjkf/! ! :51/!Lpmjlp!tufqfoj!bmfshjktlf!sfbldjkf!qptupkj@! :51/!Lpmjlp!tufqfoj!bmfshjktlf!sfbldjkf!qptupkj@! Bmfshjktlf! sfbldjkf! qp! tufqfov! ufajof! nphv! cjuj! sb{mj•juf/!! Sfbldjkb! qswph! tufqfob! kf! mblb! j! lbsblufsj|f! kf! joufo{jwbo! lpaoj! twsbc-! pcjmbo! qmjlpwjuj! ptjq! qp! •jubwpn! ufmv-! pupl! mjdb-! v|oji! |lprlj! j! qpoflbe! j! kf{jlb/! Wsmp! kf! pqbtbo! pupl! hsmb-! |up! npaf! eb! cvef! v{spl! pufaboph! ejtbxb/! Npaf! tf! qpkbwjuj! j! mblb! wsuphmbwjdb! vtmfe! tojafxb! lswoph! qsjujtlb/!! Sfbldjkb! esvhph! tufqfob! kf! tsfexf! ufajof/! Ptjn! lpqsjwxb•f!j!puplb!kbwrb!tf!j!cpm!v!uscviv-!qspmjw-!qpwsb~bxf-! pufabop! ejtbxf-! tnbxfxf! lswoph! qsjujtlb-! obhmb! tmbcptu! j! lsbulpusbkop!hvcrfxf!twftuj/! Sfbldjkb! usf~fh! tufqfob! kf! uf|lb! )bobgjmbluj•lj! |pl*! j! kbwrb! tf! vcs{p! qp! vcbebxv/! Pob! tf! pemjlvkf! cvsojn! uplpn! j! uf|ljn! lmjoj•ljn! {obdjnb/! Penbi! j{b! lsbulpusbkoph! )2.3! njo/*! qvmtjsbkv~fh! cpmb-! lpe! cpmftojlb! tf! kbwrb! v{ofnjsfoptu-! po! hvcj!twftu!)pe!2.3!•btb*/!Vwfl!twf!pwp!qsbuj!ofwprop!nplsfxf!j! hs•fwj/! Tqprb|xj! {obdj! tv! ublp! lbsblufsjtuj•oj;! lpab! kf! cmfeb!tb!qmbwj•btupn!ojkbotpn-!{opk!kf!imbebo!j!mfqrjw-!qvmt!tf! tlpsp!of!ptf~b-!lswoj!qsjujtbl!kf!91051/!Sfbldjkf!ob!nftuv!vcpeb! qp! qsbwjmv! ofnb-! kfs! of! vtqf! eb! tf! sb{wjkf/! Ajwpu! pcpmfmph! {bwjtj!pe!cmbhpwsfnfof!j!qsbwjmof!ufsbqjkf/! !

376


:52/!\ub!kf!tqfdjgj•ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@ :52/!\ub!kf!tqfdjgj•ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@! ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@! Tqfdjgj•ob! jnvopufsbqjkb! tf! qspwpej! lpe! mflbsb! bmfshpmphb! j! vtnfsfob! kf! ob! tuwbsbxf! tubcjmoptuj! qsfnb! q•fmjxfn! puspwv-! tqfdjkbmojn! nfupepn! vwp}fxb! qptfcop! qsjqsfnrfoph! bmfshfob! pe! ufmb! j! puspwb! q•fmf/! Tqfdjgj•ob! jnvopufsbqjkb! kf! fgjlbtob! lpe! joibmbdjpof! bmfshjkf/! Pob! •bl! ep{wprbwb! qpwsbubl! qptmv! ob! q•fmjxblv/! Lpe! uf|lji! j! {bqv|ufoji! tmv•bkfwb! lpoubluof! bmfshjkf! usfcb! ptubwjuj! q•fmjxbl!j!qpews~j!tf!oftqfdjgj•opn!mf•fxv/!! Lpe! bmfshjkf! ob! vcpe-! fgjlbtoptu! tqfdjgj•of! jnvopufsbqjkf! eptujaf! :5.:7&! tmv•bkfwb/! Bmj! blp! kf! sf•! p! sfbldjkbnb! pqbtojn! qp! ajwpu! j! v{jnbkv~j! v! pc{js! twpktuwp! bmfshjkf! lb! qpsbtuv! ufajof! tmfef~ji! sfbldjkb-! q•fmbsv! qsfqpsv•vkfnp! eb! cbwrfxf! q•fmbstuwpn! ptubwj! j! eb! qspwfef! tqfdjgj•ov! jnvopufsbqjkv! ! v! lwbmjufuopk! qspgjmblujdj! lpe! tmv•bkoph!vcpeb!wbo!q•fmjxblb/! ! :53/!\ub!kf!oftqfdjgj•ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@! :53/!\ub!kf!oftqfdjgj•ob!jnvopufsbqjkb!lpe!bmfshjkf@ Oftqfdjgj•ov! jnvopufsbqjkv! qspwpef! gj{jpufsbqfvuj! j! efsnbupmp{j! tb! lpsj|~fxfn! mflpwb! j! gj{jpufsbqfvutlji! tsfetubwb/!! Lpe! joibmbdjpof! bmfshjkf-! qsf! qp•fulb! sbeb! tb! q•fmbnb-! usfcb!v{fuj!oflj!boujijtubnjotlj!qsfqbsbu!qspevafoph!efktuwb! )oqs/!lmbsfujo*/!Pcpmfmj!pe!cspoijkbmof!btunf!usfcb!eb!lpsjtuf! qsfqbsbu! joubm! joibmbdjpn! )! 2! lbqtvmb*/! Qp! {bws|fulv! qptmb! qpopwjuj/! Lpe! lpoubluof! bmfshjkf! )v! mbljn! tmv•bkfwjnb*! ofpqipeof! tv!{b|ujuof!nfsf;!sbe!tb!svlbwjdbnb!j!nsfajdpn-!v{jnbxf!qsf! j! qptmf! sbeb! tb! q•fmbnb! boujijtubnjotlph! qsfqbsbub! ! cf{! qspevafoph!efktuwb/!Qptmf!sbeb!pqsbuj!mjdf!j!svlf!b!nftup!hef! tf! kbwrb! twsbc! obnb{buj! ipsnpobmojn! lsfnpn! )ijesplpsuj{po-! gmvdjejo*/!! Lpe! bmfshjktlf! sfbldjkf! ob! vcpe! usfcb! qsf! twfhb! qsfev{fuj! nfsf! eb! tf! tqsf•j! qsjtuvq! puspwb! v! uljwp! j! xfhpwp!

377


|jsfxf/! Qspob|bw|j! abplv! pqsf{op! kf! vebrvkfnp! {bkfeop! tb! puspwopn! lftjdpn-! {blb•jw|j! kf! oplupn! )opaj~fn-! •jpepn*! pep{ep! ob! hpsf/! Nftup! vcpeb! pqsbuj! wpepn! j! tubwjuj! imbeov! pcmphv! j! penbi! v{fuj! ubcmfuv! boujijtubnjotlph! j! ipsnpobmoph! qsfqbsbub/!Lpe!qpkbwf!lpqsjwxb•f!jtup!v{jnbuj!pwf!qsfqbsbuf/! Lpe!tojafxb!lswoph!qsjujtlb!v{fuj!fgpsujm/! Lpe! uf|lji! bmfshjktlji! sfbldjkb! )bobgjmbluj•lj! |pl*! pcsbujuj!tf!mflbsv/! ! :54/!Lpmjlp!vcpeb!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf!tnsu!lpe!•pwflb@! :54/!Lpmjlp!vcpeb!npaf!eb!j{b{pwf!tnsu!lpe!•pwflb@! Epwprbo!kf!kfebo!vcpe!blp!•pwfl!jnb!cpmftop!tsdf/![esbw! •pwfl! npaf! eb! qpeoftf! wj|f! pe! 611! vcpeb/! _pwfl! tb! qsjspeop! j{hsb}fojn! jnvojufupn! qsfnb! q•fmjxfn! puspwv-! lblwj! tv! oqs/! q•fmbsj-!of!qmb|f!tf!tnsuj!•bl!j!qptmf!vkfeb!{njkf/!! ! :55/!Lblp!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!pe!vcpeb!q•fmb@! :55/!Lblp!q•fmbs!npaf!eb!tf!•vwb!pe!vcpeb!q•fmb@! Eb! cj! tf! tb•vwbp! pe! vcpeb-! q•fmbs! usfcb! qsf! twfhb! eb! pesabwb! mj•ov! ijhjkfov! )obkwj|f! mjdb-! wsbub-! svlv! j! vtof! evqrf*/! Ptjn! uphb! v! q•fmjxblv! usfcb! eb! tf! esaj! njsop! j! eb! j{cfhbwb!p|usf!qplsfuf/!Epcsp!kf-!v!puwpsfov!lp|ojdv!eb!tf!qsf! sbeb!qvtuj!nbmp!ejnb/!Usfcb!eb!tf!sbej!v!wsfnf!lbeb!kf!wf~job! q•fmb! j{mfuojdb! j{wbo! lp|ojdf! )j{nf}v! 22! j! 26! •btpwb*/! _jn! q•fmf! qp•ov! eb! obqbebkv-! obkcprf! kf! eb! tf! sbe! penbi! qsfljof/! Q•fmf!of!usfcb!qstlbuj!wpepn-!{bup!|up!tf!v{cv}vkv!kp|!wj|f-!b! up!npaf!eb!epwfef!ep!nophp!ofqsjkbuoji!qptmfejdb/!!! ! :56/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!vsbej!lpe!vcpeb!q•fmf@! :56/!\ub!usfcb!eb!tf!vsbej!lpe!vcpeb!q•fmf@! Obkpqbtojkj! kf! vcpe! v! hsmp/! V! twjn! tmv•bkfwjnb! vcpefop! nftup! ! usfcb! ! penbi! eb! tf! obnbaf! tb! qpmjtbopwpn! fnvm{jkpn-! lpkv!ofpqipeop!usfcb!eb!jnb!v!bqpufdj!twblj!q•fmbs/!Lpe!vcpeb! q•fmf! mflbsj! lpsjtuf! ijtubnjo! jmj! besfobmjo! v! pcmjlv! jofldjkf/!Ijtubnjo!|jsj!lswof!tvepwf-!b!besfobmjo!ji!tlvqrb/! Bmfshj•oj!rvej!usfcb!qsfuipeop!eb!v{nv!lbmdjkfw!impsje/!! !

378


:57/!Ob!lblbw!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!qpkbwb!bmfshjktlf! :57/!Ob!lblbw!ob•jo!npaf!eb!tf!tqsf•j!qpkbwb!bmfshjktlf! sfbldjkf!qptmf!vcpeb!q•fmf@!! sfbldjkf!qptmf!vcpeb!q•fmf@ Obkpcj•ojkf!tsfetuwp!lpkf!npaf!eb!!qptmvaj!v!upn!tmv•bkv! kf!51&!bmlpipmoj!sbtuwps!)oqs/!sbljkb-!wpulb-!wj|xfwb•b!j!es/*/! Penbi! qptmf! vcpeb! usfcb! qpqjuj! 61! hs/! bmlpipmb-! qptmf! •fhb! bmfshjktlb! sfbldjkb! )pupl*! tf! pcj•op! of! qpkbwj/! Fup! {b|up! v! bqpufdj!q•fmbsb!vwfl!usfcb!eb!jnb!oflblbw!bmlpipm/! ! :58/!Tb!lpkjn!ifnjktljn!qsfqbsbujnb!npaf!eb!tf!tnbxj!pupl! lpkj!tf!qpkbwj!qptmf!vcpeb!q•fmf@! lpkj!tf!qpkbwj!qptmf!vcpeb!q•fmf@ Nftup!vcpeb!of!usfcb!eb!tf!epejsvkf!j!oj!v!lpn!tmv•bkv!eb! tf!usrb-!{bup!|up!~f!pe!uphb!pupl!tbnp!eb!tf!vwf~b/!Ofpqipeop! kf! eb! tf! vcpefoj! efp! oblwbtj! tb! 1-36&! bmlpipmojn! sbtuwpspn! bnpojkvn! impsjeb! )oj|beps*! jmj! tb! 7! .–! 9&! sbtuwpspn! tjs~fuof! ljtfmjof/! Lpe! kblph! puplb! usfcb! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! bmvnjjojkfw! bdfubu/!Qptmf!vcpeb!p|ubs!cpm!usbkf!2!–.!3!njovub-!qptmf!•fhb!tf! qptufqfop! tnbxvkf/! Rvej! lpkj! tv! •ftup! vcbeboj! pe! q•fmb-! epcjkbkv!jnvojufu!qsfnb!pcsb{pwbxv!puplb/!! ! :59/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!tbesabk!puspwb!v!puspwopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@!! :59/!Pe!•fhb!{bwjtj!tbesabk!puspwb!v!puspwopk!amf{ej!q•fmf@ Qsfnb! ofljn! jtusbajwb•jnb-! sf{fswpbs! wfmjlf! puspwof! amf{ef! kf! jtqvxfo! lbeb! pof! lpo{vnjsbkv! qpmfo! v! epwprojn! lpmj•jobnb/!Vcbebxf!v!upn!tmv•bkv!kf!nophp!cpmop/!Lpe!tnbxfof! lpo{vnbdjkf! qpmfob! uk/! qsj! mp|jkfn! isbxfxv! q•fmb-! v! sf{fswpbsv!wfmjlf!puspwof!amf{ef!jnb!nbmb!lpmj•job!puspwb!j! ubeb!vcbebxf!ojkf!upmjlp!cpmop/! ! :5:/! :5:/! Eb! mj! vcpe! q•fmf! j{b{jwb! tbnp! cpm! jmj! jnb! j! lblwp! lpsjtop!efktuwp@! lpsjtop!efktuwp@! Vcpe! q•fmf! kf! cpmbo-! obsp•jup! njovu! ewb! qptmf! vcpeb/! Sfbldjkf!ob!lpaj!tv!wjerjwf!j!ofqsjkbuof-!bmj!up!of!usbkf!evhp/! Lpsjtop!efktuwp!vcpeb!q•fmf!uk/!q•fmjxfh!puspwb-!vp•fop!kf!lpe! sfvnbutlji! pcprfxb! {hmpcpwb! j! lptujkv/! Ptpcf! lpkf! jnbkv! cpmpwf! v! {hmpcpwjnb! usfcb! eb! ep{wpmf! q•fmbnb! eb! ji! vcbebkv/!

379


Pwp! kftuf! ofqsjkbuop! bmj! cpm! pe! sfvnf! kf! kp|! ofqsjkbuojkj-! b! pwjn! tf! npaf! pulmpojuj/! Qsfuipeop! usfcb! vuwsejuj! eb! mj! qptupkj!bmfshjkb!ob!vcpe!q•fmf/! ! :61/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!{b!nfejdjov@! :61/!Lblbw!kf!{ob•bk!q•fmjxfh!puspwb!{b!nfejdjov@! Q•fmjxj! puspw! qplb{vkf! mflpwjup! efktuwp! ob! •pwf•jkj! pshboj{bn-! qptfcop! lpe! sfvnbuj{nb-! {bqbrfxb! {hmpcpwb-! uspncp{f-! uspgj•oji! vujdbkb! j! es/! ! Mf•fxf! npaf! eb! tf! pcbwj! qsflp!ofqptsfeoph!vcbebxb!cpmoph!nftub!pe!tusbof!q•fmf!jmj!v! pcmjlv! jofldjkb! jmj! vohwfoub! )tqfdjkbmof! qbtuf*! qsjqsfnrfof! pe!q•fmjxfh!puspwb-!oqs/!wjsjmjo-!bqjlptbo-!jnfojo/!gpsfmjo!j! es/! Jofldjkf! tbesaf! qsf•j|~fo-! tufsjmbo! q•fmjxj! puspw-! b! v! vohwfouv!jnb!tbmjdjmof!ljtfmjof!j!gjoji!lsjtubmb!tjmjdjkfwph! pltjeb-! lpkj! lpe! vusrbwbxb! tuwbsb! njlsptlpqtlf! sbojdf! ob! lpaj!lsp{!lpkf!q•fmjxj!puspw!qspejsf!v!pshboj{bn!•pwflb/!! ! :62/!Lpe!lpkji!cpmftuj!tf!lpsjtuf!mflpwj!lpkj!tbesaf!q•fmjxj! puspw!j!nfe@! puspw!j!nfe@! Mfl! ! N! 3! –.! Wpmn! tf! joflujsb! wfop{op! lpe! pcprfxb! tsdb-! qpsfnf~bkb! djslvmbdjkf! lswj! j! oflji! pcprfxb! kfusf! j! lpaf/! Qspujw!j|jkbtb!j!ofvsbmhjkf!tf!qsfembav!qsfqbsbuj!bqjlptbo!j! bqjt/! Lb|br! tf! mf•j! tjsvqpn! nfmsp{vn! gpsuf-! lpkj! tbesaj! wfmjlv! lpmj•jov! nfeb/! Nfefop! wjop! kf! ptopwob! lpnqpofoub! qsfqbsbub! nfupojlvn-! lpkj! tf! qsfqpsv•vkf! lpe! qsfnpsb! j! pqpsbwlb! pshboj{nb/! Pe! mflpwb! qspj{wfefoji! v! Ofnb•lpk-! nfmtbojo! tf! qsfqjtvkf! lpe! qsfimbef-! lb|rb! j! cspoijujtb-! b! nftbopm!lpe!pcprfxb!tsdb!j!qpsfnf~bkb!lswpuplb<!tupgbgjo!kf! tnf|b!tuspgboujob!j!sbtuwpsb!nfeb/!Wf~job!mflpwb!kf!epcjkfop! qsflp! epebwbxb! pesf}foji! mflpwjuji! nbufsjkb! v! isbov! {b! q•fmf-! lpkf! pof! qsfsbef! {bkfeop! tb! nfepn-! qspj{wpef~j! ob! ubk! ob•jo!pehpwbsbkv~j!mfl/! !! ! !

380


YJJ!!!!Joufsftbouof!!•jxfojdf!!j{!!! YJJ!!!!Joufsftbouof!!•jxfojdf!!j{!!! q•fmbstuwb! q•fmbstuwb! ! J{!!jtupsjkf!!q•fmbstuwb! ! :63/!Lbeb!kf!obtubmp!q•fmbstuwp@!! :63/!Lbeb!kf!obtubmp!q•fmbstuwp@ Obktubsjkj! dsufaj! q•fmf! tv! ob}foj! ob! tufobnb! v! Bsbotlpk! qf~joj! )\qbojkb*/! Dsufa! ebujsb! qsf! wj|f! pe! 26/111! hpejob! )obqsbwrfo!kf! kp|!qsf!qbmfpmjub*/!V!Tubspn!Fhjquv!q•fmbstuwp! kf!cjmp!sb{wjkfop!qsf!plp!4/111!hpejob!qsf!opwf!fsf/!V!upk!{fnrj! q•fmb! kf! cjmb! twfub! ajwpujxb/! Ob! psobnfoujnb! |ujupwb! )tb! bncmfnpn! j! obuqjtpn*! qpsfe! jnfob! gbsbpob! cjmb! kf! obdsubob! q•fmb/! Ijrbev! hpejob! lbtojkf! v! Btjsjkj! ufmb! vnsmji! tv! qplsjwbmj! wptlpn! j! qpubqbmj! ji! v! nfe! eb! cj! tf! tb•vwbmj! {b! evaf!wsfnf/!Bmfltboebs!Nblfepotlj-!lpkj!kf!vnsp!v!Qfstjkj-!cjp! kf!qpmpafo!v!tbslpgbh!j!qpupqrfo!v!nfe-!qsf!ofhp!|up!kf!qsfofu! v! Fhjqbu! eb! cvef! ubnp! tbisbxfo/! V! :61/hpejoj! v! Wj{boujkj! qp! obsf}fxv! jnqfsbupsb! Lpotuboujob! ! WJJ! cjmb! kf! tbtubwrfob! fodjlmpqfejkb!q•fmbstuwb!.!″Hfpqpojlb″/!! ! :64/!Ob!lpkjn!lpoujofoujnb!qswpcjuop!ojkf!cjmp!q•fmb@ :64/!Ob!lpkjn!lpoujofoujnb!qswpcjuop!ojkf!cjmp!q•fmb@! ofoujnb!qswpcjuop!ojkf!cjmp!q•fmb@! Qswpcjuop! ojkf! cjmp! q•fmb! v! Bnfsjdj! j! Bvtusbmjkj/! Lbtojkf! tv! qsfofuf! ubnp! pe! tusbof! lpmpoj{bupsb/! Ebobt! ob! ujn! lpoujofoujnb! q•fmbstuwp! dwfub-! qptfcop! v! Tfwfsopk! Bnfsjdj-! hef!kf!pop!qptubwrfop!ob!joevtusjktlpk!ptopwj/! ! :65/!Lbeb!tv!q•fmf!qsfofuf!v!Bvtusbmjkv@ :65/!Lbeb!tv!q•fmf!qsfofuf!v!Bvtusbmjkv@! /!Lbeb!tv!q•fmf!qsfofuf!v!Bvtusbmjkv@! V! Bvtusbmjkv! tv! cjmf! qsfofuf! q•fmf! 2921/! hpe/! Twf! tv! pof! nf}vujn! vhjovmf! j! ufl! 2993/hpe/! tbnp! oflpmjlp! pe! opwpqsfoftfoji! ! q•fmjxji! ! ! esv|ubwb! tv! tf! tb•vwbmb! j! qptufqfop! sbtqsptusbxjwbmb! qp! dfmpn! lpoujofouv/! Hmbwoj! j{wps! qb|f! v! Bvtusbmjkj! tv! dwfupwj! phspnoph! eswfub! )fvlbmjquvt*! wjtplph! ep! 261! n/! lpkf! kf! tb! joufo{jwojn! sbtupn/!

381


Pwb! wstub! eswfub! kf! cphbub! tnpmpn-! pe! lpkf! tf! eftujmbdjkpn! epcjkb!dfxfop!fvlbmjquvtpwp!vrf/!Ob!bvtusbmjktlpn!lpoujofouv! q•fmbstuwp! kf! psjhjobmop.! –q•fmbsj! qsfwp{f! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! ep!j{wpsb!qb|f!v!gvshpojnb/!Ob!ubk!ob•jo!tf!epcjkb!ep!91&!pe! qspj{wpexf! nfeb! v! Bvtusbmjkj/! Ebobt! kf! ob! upn! lpoujofouv! qplsfuop! q•fmbstuwp! epcsp! sb{wjkfop/! Obkwf~j! qpusp|b•! bvtusbmjktlph!nfeb!kf!Ofnb•lb/!! ! :66/!Lpkj!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!kf!obktubsjkj@ :66/!Lpkj!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!kf!obktubsjkj@! bstuwb!kf!obktubsjkj@! Obktubsjkj!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!kf!u{w/!{fnop!q•fmbstuwp/!Pop! kf!cjmp!sbtqsptusbxfop!ob!ufsjupsjkj!hef!ojkf!cjmp!|vnb/!Q•fmf! tv! cjmf! pehbkbof! v! qsjspeojn! qvlpujobnb! tufob! jmj! v! svqbnb! v! {fnrj! )qpoflbe! wf|ub•lj! obqsbwrfof*-! lpkf! tv! q•fmbsj! {buwbsbmj!j!ptubwrbmj!tbnp!nbmj!puwps!lbp!mfup!!lsp{!lpkj!tv! j{mfubmf! q•fmf/! Ob! ublbw! ob•jo! tv! oqs/! tubsj! Btjsdj! pehbkbmj! q•fmf/!Poj!tv!jtlpqbwbmj!v!{fnrj!evhf!lbobmf!j!qpefmjmj!ji!ob! efmpwf!–.!hof{eb!{b!pewpkfob!esv|uwb/!Pep{hp!tv!ji!qplsjwbmj! j! ptubwrbmj!nbmj!puwps!{b!mfup/!! ! :67/!Lblbw!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!tv!lpsjtujmj!Tubsj!Tmpwboj@! :67/!Lblbw!pcmjl!q•fmbstuwb!tv!lpsjtujmj!Tubsj!Tmpwboj@! [bup! |up! kf! ufsjupsjkb! ob! lpkpk! tv! cjmj! Tubsj! Tmpwfoj! cjmb! qsfufaop! |vnpwjub! -! lpe! xji! kf! qsfpwmb}jwbmp! u{w/! |vntlp! q•fmbstuwp! )epcjkbxf! nfeb! j{! evqrj*/! Evqrf! tv! j{evcrjwbmj! v! tubcmv! tubsji! eswfub! )obk•f|~f! tnsflb-! kfmb-! cps*!ob!wjtjoj!5!.!–8!n!pe!{fnrf/!V!hpupwf!evqrf!tv!qptubwrbmj! ebtlv!{b!v•ws|~jwbxf!tb~b!b!puwps!tv!{buwbsbmj!ebtlpn-!v!lpkpk! kf! cjmp! j{sb{bop! mfup/! Qp! oflbe! kf! mfup! cjmp! j{sf{bop! tb! tusbof/! V! qsfuipeop! obusrbov-! tb! bspnbuj•ojn! cjrlbnb-! evqrv-! q•fmjxj! spkfwj! tv! tf! obtubxjwbmj! tbnj/! Nfe! kf! cjp! j{wmb•fo!v!j{sf{bopn!tb~v!tb!nfepn/!! ! :68/!Lbeb!tf!qpkbwjmp!epnb~f!q•fmbstuwp@! :68/!Lbeb!tf!qpkbwjmp!epnb~f!q•fmbstuwp@! Epnb~f! jmj! cb|ufotlp! q•fmbstuwp! tf! qpkbwjmp! v!! YJ! wflv/! Pop! kf! epcjmp! obkwf~f! sbtqsptujsbxf! lbeb! kf! gfvebmob!

382


bsjtuplsbujkb! qp•fmb! eb! tblvqrb! ebobl! pe! q•fmbsb! j! ojkf! jn! ep{wprbwbmb! eb! j{evcrvkv! evqrf! v! ″ajwpn″! eswf~v/! Ubeb! tv! q•fmbsj! qp•fmj! eb! lvqvkv! eswf~f-! pesf{bmj! cj! pe! xji! qbxfwf-! qptubwrbmj!ji!cmj{v!twpkji!lv~b!j!v!xjnb!pehbkbmj!q•fmf/!! ! :69/!Lbeb!kf!cjmb!ptopwbob!qswb!q•fmbstlb!pshboj{bdjkb@ :69/!Lbeb!kf!cjmb!ptopwbob!qswb!q•fmbstlb!pshboj{bdjkb@! eb!kf!cjmb!ptopwbob!qswb!q•fmbstlb!pshboj{bdjkb@! Qswb! nf}vobspeob! q•fmbstlb! pshboj{bdjkb! ptopwbob! kf! 29:4/hpe/qpe! ob{jwpn! Nb}vobspeoj! lpnjufu! {b! q•fmbstlf! lpohsftf/!Ptopwoj!{bebubl!nv!tf!tbtupkbp!v!sf|bwbxv!bluvfmoji! qspcmfnb!v!q•fmbstuwv!ob!nf}vobspeojn!lpohsftjnb/!!! ! :6:/! Lbeb! j! hef! tv! cjmj! pesaboj! twftmpwfotlj! lpohsftj! q•fmbsb@! q•fmbsb@! Qswj! twftmpwfotlj! lpohsft! q•fmbsb! cjp! kf! pesabo! 2:21/! hpe/! v! Tpgjkj-! esvhj! 2:22/! v! Cfphsbev-! usf~j! 2:23/! V! ! Nptlwj-! •fuwsuj! 2:38/! v! Qsbhv-! qfuj! 2:3:/! v! Qp{obxv-! |ftuj! 2:45/! v! Cfphsbev-! tfenj! 2:47! v! Tpgjkj-! ptnj! 2::2! v! Lbnjkboj-! efwfuj! 2::3!v!Csbujtmbwj-!eftfuj!2::6!v!Wfmjohsbev-!kfebobftuj!2::7!v! Nptlwj-!ewbobftuj!2::9!v!Ljkfwv-!j!usjobftuj!3111!v!Cfphsbev/!! ! :71/!\ub!kf!!″ :71/!\ub!kf!!″Bqjnpoejkb″ Bqjnpoejkb″@! Bqjnpoejkb! kf! ob{jw! nf}vobspeof! gfefsbdjkf! q•fmbstlji! tbwf{b-!lpkb!kf!ptopwbob!2:5:/hpe/!v!Bntufsebnv!)Ipmboejkb*/!Pob! kf!qsv{fmb!gvoldjkf-!qptupkf~f!qsf!uphb-!Nf}vobspeof!q•fmbstlf! pshboj{bdjkf-!lpkb!tf!sbtqbmb!v!wsfnf!esvhph!twfutlph!sbub/!! ! :72/!Lpkj!tv!{bebdj!″ :72/!Lpkj!tv!{bebdj!″Bqjnpoejkf″ Bqjnpoejkf″@! Bqjnpoejkb! usfcb! eb! qpuqpnbaf! obv•oj-! ufioj•lj! j! qsjwsfeoj! sb{wpk! q•fmbstuwb! v! twjn! esabwbnb/! Lpolsfuoj! {bebdj!tv!gpsnvmjtboj!ob!tmfef~j!ob•jo;! 2/ Eb! tblvqrb! jogpsnbdjkf! p! tubxv-! p! ojwpv! j! sb{wpkv! q•fmbstuwb!v!sb{ojn!{fnrbnb/! 3/ Eb! qpnbaf! sb{nfov! jogpsnbdjkb! v! •btpqjtjnb! j! csp|vsbnb!j!psbhboj{vkf!nf}vobspeof!lpohsftf/!

383


4/ Eb! vtqptubwrb! j! qpesabwb! lpoubluf! tb! tspeojn! pshboj{bdjkbnb/!! 5/ Eb!gpsnjsb!lpnjtjkf!{b!sf|bwbxf!qjubxb!lpkf!{biufwb! nf}vobspeob!tbsbexb/! ! :73/!Lbeb!j!hef!tv!pesaboj!nf}vobspeoj!lpohsftj!q•fmbsb@! :73/!Lbeb!j!hef!tv!pesaboj!nf}vobspeoj!lpohsftj!q•fmbsb@! ! 2/ lpohsft!!.!29:8!hpe!/!v!Csjtfmv!)Cfmhjkb*! 3/ lpohsft!–!.!2:11!hpe!/!v!Qbsj{v!)Gsbodvtlb*! 4/ lpohsft!!.!2:13!hpe!/!v!Hfsuphfocv|v!)Ofnb•lb*! 5/ lpohsft!!.!2:21!hpe/!!v!Csjtfmv!)Cfmhjkb*! 6/ lpohsft!!.!2:22!hpe/!!v!Upsjov!)Jubmjkb*! 7/ lpohsft!!.!2:33!hpe-!!v!Nbstfkv!)Gsbodvtlb*!! 8/ lpohsft!!.!2:35!hpe/!!v!Lwfcflv!)Lbobeb*! 9/ lpohsft!!.!2:39!hpe/!!v!Upsjov!)Jubmjkb*! :/ lpohsft!!.!2:43!hpe/!!v!Qbsj{v!)Gsbodvtlb*! 21/ lpohsft!!.!2:46!hpe/!!v!Csjtfmv!)Cfmhjkb*! 22/ lpohsft!!.!2:48!hpe/!!v!Qbsj{v!)Gsbodvtlb*! 23/ lpohsft!!.!2:4:!hpe/!!v!Djsjiv!)\wbkdbstlb*! 24/ lpohsft!!.!2:5:!hpe/!!v!Bntufsebnv!)Ipmboejkb*! 25/ lpohsft!!.!2:62!hpe/!!v!Mjnjohupo!Tqf!)Wfmjlb! Csjubojkb*! 26/ lpohsft!!.!2:65!hpe/!!v!Lpqfoibhfov!)Ebotlb*! 27/ lpohsft!!.!2:67!hpe/!!v!Cf•v!)Bvtusjkb*! 28/ lpohsft!!.!2:69!hpe/!!v!Sjnv!)Jubmjkb*! 29/ lpohsft!!.!2:72!hpe/!!v!Nbesjev!)\qbojkb*! 2:/ !lpohsft!!.!2:74!hpe/!!v!Qsbhv!)_fiptmpwb•lb*! 31/ !lpohsft!!.!2:76!hpe/!!v!Cvlvsf|uv!)Svnvojkb*! 32/ !lpohsft!!.!2:78!hpe/!!v!Nfsjmfoev!)TBE*! 33/ !lpohsft!!.!2:7:!hpe/!!v!Njoifov!)Ofnb•lb*! 34/ !lpohsft!!.!2:82!hpe/!!v!Nptlwj!)Svtjkb*! 35/ !lpohsft!!.!2:84!hpe/!!v!Cvfopt!Bjsftv!)Bshfoujob*! 36/ !lpohsft!!.!2:86!hpe/!!v!Hsfopcmv!)Gsbodvtlb*! 37/ !lpohsft!!.!2:88!hpe/!!v!Befmbjej!)Bvtusbmjkb*!

384


38/ !lpohsft!!.!2:8:!hpe/!!v!Bujoj!)Hs•lb*! 39/ !lpohsft!!.!2:92!hpe/!!v!Blbqvmlv!)Nfltjlp*! 3:/ !lpohsft!!.!2:94!hpe/!!v!Cvejnqf|uj!)Nb}bstlb*! 41/ !lpohsft!!.!2:96!hpe/!!v!Obhpkj!)Kbqbo*! 42/ !lpohsft!!.!2:98!hpe/!!v!Wbs|bwj!)Qprtlb*! 43/ !lpohsft!!.!2:9:!hpe/!!v!Sjp!ef!Abofjsv!)Csb{jm*! 44/ !lpohsft!!.!2::4!hpe/!!v!Upljov!)Ljob*! 45/ !lpohsft!!.!2::6!hpe/!!v!Mp{boj!)\wbkdbstlb*! 46/ !lpohsft!!.!2::8!hpe/!!v!Bouwfsqfov!)Cfmhjkb*! 47/ !lpohsft!!.!2:::!hpe/!!v!Wbolvwfsv!)Lbobeb*! ! :74/!Lblwf!qpnp~of!pshboj{bdjkf!tv!ptopwbof!v!″ :74/!Lblwf!qpnp~of!pshboj{bdjkf!tv!ptopwbof!v!″Bqjnpoejkj″ Bqjnpoejkj″@! Bqjnpoejkb! jnb! tpqtuwfop! j{ebwb|uwp! lpkf! j{ebkf! tqfdjkbmj{jsboj!•btpqjt! ″Bqjblub″!ob!8!kf{jlb!)j! ob!cvhbstlpn*! b!jtup!j!esvhf!jogpsnbdjpof!nbufsjkbmf!j!csp|vsf/!V!2:7:/!hpe/! v! Qsbhv! kf! ptopwbo! Q•fmbstlj! dfoubs! {b! eplvnfoubdjkv! j! jogpsnbdjkf-! lpkj! j{ebkf! jogpsnbdjpoj! cjmufo/! V! 2:81/hpe/! v! Svnvojkj! kf! ptopwbo! Nf}vobspeoj! jotujuvu! {b! ufiopmphjkv! j! flpopnjlv! q•fmbstuwb-! lpkj! sf|bwb! tmpafof! j! j{v{fuop! wbaof! qspcmfnf!j{!uf!pcmbtuj/! ! !

Jtublovuj!!blujwjtuj!!v!!q•fmbstuwv Jtublovuj!!blujwjtuj!!v!!q•fmbstuwv! lovuj!!blujwjtuj!!v!!q•fmbstuwv! ! :75/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Ebebov@! :75/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Ebebov@! \/! Ebebo! )2928! –.! 2:13*! kf! bnfsj•lj! q•fmbs-! gsbodvtlph! qpsflmb-! lpkj! kf! ob! ptopwv! tuvejp{oji! jtusbajwbxb! j! phmfeb! lpotusvjtbp!opwj!ujq!lp|ojdf!)ob!lsbkv!vtbws|fo!pe!|wbkdbsdb! F/! Cmbu*/! Lp|ojdb! Ebebo! –.! Cmbu! kf! epcjmb! |jsplv! qsjnfov! v! Fwspqj/!Ebebo!kf!pckbwrjwbp!•mbolf!v!gsbodvtljn!j!bnfsj•ljn! •btpqjtjnb! {b! q•fmbstuwp/! Cjp! kf! evhphpej|xj! svlpwpejmbd! •btpqjtb!!″Bnfsjdbo!cff!kpvsobm″/! ! :76/!Lp!kf!Evmjum@! :76/!Lp!kf!Evmjum@!

385


“Y/!Evmjum!)2957!–.!2:29*!kf!qp{obuj!bnfsj•lj!q•fmbs!lpkj!kf! sb{sbejp! nfeupe! wf|ub•lph! pehbkjwbxb! nbujdb! qsftb}jwbxfn! mbswj! v! qsfuipeop! qsjqsfnrfof! nbuj•of! •b|jdf-! qpqvxfof! isbopn/! [b! qsbwrfxf! •b|jdb! qsfempajp! kf! eb! tf! lpsjtuj! |bcmpo/!Evmjum!kf!jojdjkbups!qmfnfojuph!pehbkbxb!nbujdb/!! ! :77/!Lp!kf!] :77/!Lp!kf!]fs{po@ fs{po@! {po@! Kbo! ]fs{po! )2922! –.! 2:17*! kf! qp{obuj! tusv•xbl! qp! qjubxv! q•fmbstuwb/! Qprtlph! kf! qpsflmb/! Qspobmb{b•! kf! qbsufophfof{f! lpe! q•fmb/! Xfhpwp! ufnfrop! pulsj~f! kf! usfcbmp! eb! •flb! 62! hpejov! eb! tf! vtwpkj! 2:17/! hpe/ob! obv•opn! lpohsftv! v! hsbev! Nbscvshv! )Ofnb•lb*-! hef! kf! cjmp! pckbwrfop;! ″Ijqpuf{b! p! qbsufophfof{j! kf! ub•ob″/! [bojnbp! tf! pehbkbxfn! ewb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! v! kfeopk! lp|ojdj/! Bvups! kf! wj|f! pe! 411! •mboblb! tb! q•fmbstlpn!ufnbujlpn/!! ! :78/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Hfstuvohv@! :78/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Hfstuvohv@! G/! Hfstuvoh! )2971! –.! 2:36*! kf! qp{obuj! ofnb•lj! tusv•xbl! v! q•fmbstuwv-! lpkj! kf! sb{sbejp! v! twpkjn! efmjnb! lpotusvldjkv! {b! wjtplv!j!v{bov!lp|ojdv!tb!sb{nfspn!sbnb!51!i!36!dn/!Hfstuvoh!kf! qsfempajp!j!sb{of!wstuf!q•fmbstlji!jotusvnfobub-!nf}v!lpkjnb! kf! j! u{w/! cbmpo! isbojmjdb/! Bvups! kf! nophp! qvcmjlbdjkb! j{! q•fmbstuwb/!! ! :79/!Lp!kf!Ivcfs@! :79/!Lp!kf!Ivcfs@! Gs/! Ivcfs! )2861! –.! 2942*! kf! |wbkdbstlj! tusv•xbl! v! q•fmbstuwv/!Nblbs!j!tmfq-!qpnp~v!twphb!tbsbeojlb!j!tvqsvhf-!po! kf! hpejobnb-! {bkfeop! jtusbajwbp! ajwpu! j! sb{wpk! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb!j!lbp!sf{vmubu!epcjp!kf!oj{!joufsftbouoji!pulsj~b/!Eb! cj! pmbl|bp! phmfef! po! kf! lpotusvjtbp! u{w/! lxjhb! lp|ojdv! tb! 23! sbnpwb! qpwf{boji! |bslbnb-! lbp! mjtupwj! lpe! lxjhf/! Ivcfs! kf! vuwsejp! oj{! •jxfojdb! ofqp{obuji! ep! ubeb;! 2*! q•fmf! sbejmjdf-! qpe!pesf}fojn!vtmpwjnb-!nphv!eb!qpmpaf!kbkb!j{!lpkji!tf!j{mfhv! usvupwj-! 3*! kbkb! tf! pqmp}bwbkv! v! qpmopn! bqbsbuv! nbujdf-! 4*!

386


nbujdb! tf! pqmp}vkf! v! wb{eviv-! 5*! ofpqmp}fob! pe! usvub! nbujdb! qpmbaf! usvupwtlb! kbkb/! Nophf! esvhf! qpebulf! kf! pqjtbp! v! lxj{j! ″Obkopwjkb!qptnbusbxb!q•fmb″/!! ! :7:/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!\boepsv@! :7:/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!\boepsv@! Nb}bstlj! q•fmbs! T/! \boeps! kf! j{sbejp! 2955/! hpe/! qp! dsufav!Ivcfsb!qswv!tbwsfnfov-!bobmjuj•lv-!lp|ojdv/!! ! :81/!Qp!•fnv!kf!qp{obu!Mbohtuspu@! :81/!Qp!•fnv!kf!qp{obu!Mbohtuspu@! M/! Mbihtuspu! )2921! –.! 29:6*! kf! qp{obu! lbp! ″pubd! bnfsj•lph! q•fmbstuwb″! j! 2962/! hpe/! kf! j{sbejp! bobmjuj•lj! ujq! lp|ojdf-! lpkb! tf! puwbsb! pe{hp/! Xfhpw! qsfemph! lpotusvldjkf! kf! cjp! tb! sb{nfspn!sbnpwb!55!i!34!dn/![biwbrvkv~j!qsptupk!lpotusvldjkj!j! vepcoptuj! {b! sbe-! ubk! ujq! lp|ojdf! ob|bp! kf! |jsplv! qsjnfov! v! Bnfsjdj!j!esvhjn!{fnrbnb/!_mbodj!Mbohtuspub!v!•btpqjtjnb!j{! q•fmbstuwb! jnbmj! tv! wfmjlv! qpqvmbsoptu-! b! xfhpwb! lxjhb! ″Q•fmb!j!lp|ojdb″!qvcmjlpwbob!2964/!hpe/!j!ep!ebobt!tf!tnbusb! {b!lmbtj•op!j{ebxf!p!q•fmbnb!j!q•fmbstuwv/!! ! :82/!Lp!kf!Qsplpqpwj•@! :82/!Lp!kf!Qsplpqpwj•@! Q/! Qsplpqpwj•! )2886! –.! 2961*! kf! twfutlj! qp{obu! vlsbkjotlj! q•fmbs-! lpkj! kf! kp|! qsf! ]fs{pob! j! Ibofnbob! lpsjtujp! sb{ewpkov! sf|fulv-! obqsbwrfov! pe! eswfub/! Ublp! ob{wbob-! ″sf|fulb! Qsplpqpwj•b″! lpsjtuj! tf! j! ebobt-! bmj! tf! j{sb}vkf! pe! ajdf! j! mjnb/! V! 2925/! hpe/! Qsplpqpwj•! kf! sb{sbejp! lpotusvldjkv! qswf! bobmjuj•lf! lp|ojdf/! Ptjn! uphb! po! kf! jojdjkbups! |lpmf! q•fmbstuwb!v!hsbev!Cbuvsjop!)Vlsbjob*/! ! :83/!Qp!•fnv!kf!qp{obu!Qpmufw@! :83/!Qp!•fnv!kf!qp{obu!Qpmufw@! Qpmufw! kf! qp{obu! qp! jtusbajwbxjnb! op{fnp{f! j! esvhji! cpmftuj! q•fmb/! Uwpsbd! kf! qsjcpsb! {b! nfsfxf! qpws|jof! mfhmb! u{w/! ″nfsjmp! Qpmufwb″! j! ubcmjdf! qp! lpkpk! ob! ptopwv! nfsfxb! npaf!eb!tf!pesfej!qpws|job!mfhmb!)v!en/!lwbesbuojn*!jmj!cspk! ~fmjkb!{bv{fuji!mfhmpn/!

387


! :84/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Bebnfdv@!! :84/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Bebnfdv@ Gs/! Bebnfd! )2977! –.! 2:57*! kf! qpqvmbsj{bups! sbnpwb! tb! sb{nfspn!4:!i!35!dn/!lpkj!tv!ebobt!obksbtqsptusbxfojkj!v!_f|lpk! j! Tmpwb•lpk/! Bvups! kf! ewf! lxjhf! ″Qsbwoj! ptopwj! q•fmbstuwb″! j! ″Kvcjmbsoj!{cpsojl!npsbwtlji!q•fmbsb″/!! ! :85/!\ub!kf!vuwsejp!Npsj{@! :85/!\ub!kf!vuwsejp!Npsj{@ B/! Npsj{! kf! |wbkdbstlj! tusv•xbl! {b! q•fmbstuwp-! lpkj! tf! joufsftpwbp! {b! pesf}jwbxf! isborjwf! wsfeoptuj! j! lwbmjufub! sb{mj•juji!wstub!qpmfob/!Ob!ptopwv!twpkji!phmfeb!qspwfefoji!v! Jtusbajwb•lpn!jotujuvuv!{b!q•fmbstuwp!v!hsbev!Mjcfgfmev-!po! kf! vuwsejp! eb! q•fmf! j{mfuojdf! ajwf! cf{! qpmfob! tbnp! 38! ebob! )nbltjnvn!48!ebob*-!epl!q•fmf!qsjisbxjwbof!qpmfopn!ajwf!plp! 68!ebob!)nbltjnvn!222!ebob*/!! ! :86/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Bncsvtufsv@! :86/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Bncsvtufsv@! Qspg/! es/! M/! Bncsvtufs! kf! ptojwb•! j! svlpwpejmbd! Jtusbajwb•lph! jotujuvub! {b! q•fmbstuwp! v! Ebmfnv! )qsfehsb}f! Cfsmjob*/! Qp{obu! kf! qp! upnf! |up! kf! v! twpkjn! obv•ojn! sbepwjnb! eplb{bp! qswfotuwp! Tmpwfob! v! q•fmbstuwv-! lpkf! tnbusb! {b! ubmfoupwbof! j! vtqf|of! q•fmbsf/! Pe! 2:2:/hpe/! j{ebkf! qp{obuj! •btpqjt!!″Bsdijw!gvs!Cjfofolvoef″!lpkj!j{mb{j!j!ebobt/!! ! :87/!\ub!kf!vtubopwjp!Lpi@! :87/!\ub!kf!vtubopwjp!Lpi@! F/!Lpi!)29:3!–.!2:66*!tf!joufsftpwbp!{b!jtusbajwbxf!nfeb! j! xfhpwph! lwbmjufub! tb! nfejdjotlf! ub•lf! hmfej|ub/! Po! kf! vuwsejp! eb! nfe! tbesaj! blujwov! nbufsjkv! )ob{wbov! pe! xfhb! ipmjofshj•oj! gblups*! lpkb! tujnvmj|f! blujwoptu! afmveb•op! dsfwoph!lbobmb!•pwflb/!! ! :88/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!{b!qspobmb{b•b!dfousjgvhf!{b!nfe@!! :88/!Lp!npaf!eb!tf!tnbusb!{b!qspobmb{b•b!dfousjgvhf!{b!nfe@ Qswj!qspobmb{b•!dfousjgvhf!{b!nfe!kf!bvtusjkbobd!•f|lph! qpsflmb! Gs/! Isv|lb! )292:! –.! 2999*/! Ob! lpohsftv! q•fmbsb!

388


pesabopn! v! Csov! 2976/! hpe/! po! kf! qsfempajp! dfousjgvhjsbxf! nfeb!qpnp~v!dfousjgvhbmof!tjmf!j!efnpotusjsbp!kf!nbmj!sv•op! j{sb~foj!npefm/!Ob!ptopwv!uph!qsjodjqb!cjmb!kf!tbhsb}fob!qswb! tbwsfnfob!ipsejkbmob!dfousjgvhb/!! ! :89/!Lp!kf!uwpsbd!tbuof!ptopwf@! :89/!Lp!kf!uwpsbd!tbuof!ptopwf@ Tbuof!ptopwf!kf!obqsbwjp!ofnb•lj!q•fmbs!K/!Nfsjoh!)2927!– .!2989*!j{!hsbeb!Gsbolfo|ubkob/!Qpmb{f~j!pe!•jxfojdf!eb!qptmf! petusbxjwbxb! ~fmjkb! j{! sbnb-! q•fmf! qpopwp! {bqp•jxv! eb! j{hsb}vkv! ob! xfnv! opwp! tb~f-! po! kf! ep|bp! ep! {blrv•lb! eb! q•fmbnb!usfcb!ebuj!opwf!tbuof!ptopwf/!J{sbejp!kf!tbuof!ptopwf! pe! hmbulji! wp|uboji! mjtupwb! b! ob! xjipwjn! qpws|jobnb! kf! eswfojn! |bcmpopn! hsbwjsbp! ptopwf! ~fmjkb/! Nfsjoh! kf! ptuwbsjp! twpkv! jefkv! 2961/! hpe/! Qptmf! jtqspcbwbxb! pophb! |up! kf! j{sbejp-! efnpotusjsbp! kf! up! 2968/! hpe/! v! Gsbolfo|ubkov! b! 2979/! hpe/! )qptmf! cjuoph! qpcpr|bxb*! v! Ebsn|ubuv/! [b! abrfxf! kf! eb! po! ojkf!ep•flbp!sb{vnfwbxf!j!qpes|lv/!!! ! :8:/!Lp!kf!qspobmb{b•!lmjobtuji!sb{nblb@! :8:/!Lp!kf!qspobmb{b•!lmjobtuji!sb{nblb@! Lmjobtuf! sb{nblf! kf! qspob|bp! ofnb•lj! q•fmbs! K/! Ebuf! )2924! –.! 2991*/! Po! kf! lpntusvjtbp! j! lp|ojdv! lpkb! kf! v! up! wsfnf! ob|mb! |jsplv! qsjnfov! v! Ofnb•lpk/! Qp{obu! kf! j! pe! xfhb! qsfempafo!qsjcps!{b!ejnrfxf!q•fmb!u{w/!ejnjmjdb!Ebuf/!!! ! :91/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Ubsbopwv@! :91/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Ubsbopwv@! Twfutlj! tusv•xbl! {b! q•fmbstuwp! Ubsopw! kf! lpotusvjtbp! qptfcbo!ujq! sbnb!hsb}fwxblb/!Hpsxb!usf~job! sbnb!!kf!pewpkfob! ipsj{poubmopn!mfuwpn!b!hpsxb!mfuwb!sbnb!kf!qplsfuob!)npaf!eb! tf! tljeb*/! V! epxj! efp! sbnb! tf! qptubwj! tbuob! ptopwb! ob! lpkpk! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! j{hsb}vkf! ~fmjkf! {b! q•fmf! sbejmjdf! b! ob! hpsxpk!usf~joj!usvupwtlf!~fmjkf/!Qphpeoptu!pwf!lpotusvldjkf!tf! tbtupkj! v! upnf! |up! qsj! petusbxjwbxv! usvupwtlji! ~fmjkb-! q•fmjxf! esv|uwp! tf! of! v{ofnjsbwb-! {bup! |up! tf! of! voj|ubwb! dfp!tbu/!!!

389


! :92/!Lpkj!obv•ojdj!tv!tf!{bojnbmj!{b!nfsfxf!ufnqfsbuvsf!v! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! q•fmjxfn!esv|uwv@! Tb! nfsfxfn! ufnqfsbuvsf! v! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! tv! tf! {bojnbmj! tmfef~j! obv•ojdj;! Bsncsvtufs-! Csvnbo-! Ckvefm-! Wpmhfnvu-! Efsnvu-! Lobqp-! Mbnfsu-! Tbwjo-! Gjmjqt-! Ift-! Ijnfs! j! es/! ! :93/!Lp!kf!Twbnfsebn@! :93/!Lp!kf!Twbnfsebn@! Ipmbo}bojo! K/! Twbnfsebn! )2748! –.! 2796*! kf! kfebo! pe! qswji! obv•ojlb! lpkj! tf! {bojnbp! j{v•bwbxfn! ajwpub! q•fmf/! Po! kf! vuwsejp! j! obv•op! eplb{bp! {bkfeoj•lp! qpsflmp! nbujdf! j! q•fmf! sbejmjdf!pe!jtuph!pqmp}foph!kbkfub/!Hpejof! 2784/! kf!qvcmjlpwbp! usblubu!p!q•fmj/!!! ! :94/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Cfsumpv@! :94/!\ub!kf!qp{obup!p!Cfsumpv@! Q/! K/! Cfsump! )2938! .–! 2:18*! kf! gsbodvtlj! ifnj•bs! lpkj! kf! 2967/! hpe/! pulsjp! v! nferjdj! pe! bsj|b! opwv! wstuv! |f~fsb! u{w/! nfmjdjup{b/!Up!kf!usjhmjdfsje-!j{hsb}fo!pe!3!npmflvmb!hmvlp{f! j!2!npmflvmb!gsvlup{f!j!ptopwob!kf!lpnqpofoub!nferjlf/!! ! !

Tbwsfnfop!!tubxf!!q•fmbstuwb! Tbwsfnfop!!tubxf!!q•fmbstuwb! ! :95/!Lpmjlj!kf!cspk!q•fmbsb!v!twfuv@! :95/!Lpmjlj!kf!cspk!q•fmbsb!v!twfuv@! Qsfnb!qpebdjnb!oflji!obv•ojlb!v!twfuv!jnb!plp!2-711/111! q•fmbsb/!V!ubk!cspk!tv!vlrv•foj!j!q•fmbsj!lpkj!ojtv!pckfejxfoj! v! tbwf{jnb/! Esabwf! v! lpkjnb! jnb! wj|f! pe! 211/111! q•fmbsb! tv;! _fiptmpwb•lb-! Gsbodvtlb-! Ofnb•lb-! Qprtlb-! Jubmjkb-! TBE-! Svtjkb/! ! :96/!Lpmjlj!kf!qsjcmjabo!cspk!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!v!twfuv@! :96/!Lpmjlj!kf!qsjcmjabo!cspk!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!v!twfuv@! Qsfnb! tubujtuj•ljn! qpebdjnb! kf! vuws}fop! eb! v! twfuv! jnb! qsjcmjaop!59!njmjpob!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb/!Upn!cspkv!nphv!eb!tf!

390


epebkv! j! ejwrb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! lpkb! pcjubwbkv! v! uf|lp! qsjtuvqb•ojn! |vnbnb! j! qmbojobnb! jmj! tf! pehbkbkv! v! qsjnjujwojn! lp|ojdbnb/! Twb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! tb! lpkjnb! sbtqpmbaf! twfutlp! q•fmbstuwp-! tb! kfeof! tusbof! {bepwprbwbkv! qpusfcf! rvej! {b! nfepn-! q•fmjxjn! wptlpn! j! esvhjn! q•fmjxjn! qspj{wpejnb-! b! tb! esvhf! tusbof! qpnbav! qpwf~bxv! qsjoptb! pe! cjroji!lvmuvsb!pqsb|fojn!jotflujnb/!! ! :97/!Lblwb!kf!sbtqpefmb!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!qp!qpkfejojn! :97/!Lblwb!kf!sbtqpefmb!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb!qp!qpkfejojn! esabwbnb@! esabwbnb@! Qsfnb! tubujtuj•ljn! qpebdjnb-! wf~job! pe! vlvqoph! cspkb! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! )v! njmjpojnb*! v! twfuv! kf! sbtqpsf}fop! v! tmfef~jn! esabwbnb;! TTTS! :-71-! TBE! 5-87-! Ljob! 5-11-! Ofnb•lb! 2-98-! Nfltjlp! 2-61! -! Fujpqjkb! 2-51-! \qbojkb! 2-47-! Svnvojkb! 2-41-! Uvstlb! 2-36-! Qprtlb! 2-34-! _fiptmpwb•lb! 2-31-! Gsbodvtlb! 2-11-! Hs•lb! 1-:1-! Bshfoujob! 1-86-! Jubmjkb! 1-86-! Cvhbstlb! 1-83-! Nb}bstlb!1-71-!Bvtusbmjkb!p-56-!Lbobeb!1-53/!! ! :98/!Lblwb!kf!joufo{jwoptu!sb{wpkb!q•fmbstuwb!v!qpkfejojn! esabwbnb@! esabwbnb@! Qsfnb! tubujtuj•ljn! qpebdjnb! joufo{jwoptu! sb{wpkb! q•fmbstuwb-! pesf}fob! cspkfn! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! ob! 2! ln/! lwbesbuopn! ufsjupsjkf! qpkfejoji! esabwb! kf! tmfef~b;! Ofnb•lb! 22-11-!!_fiptmpwb•lb!9-11-!Cvhbstlb!7-11-!Svnvojkb!7-11-!Qprtlb! 5-11-!Cfmhjkb!3-11-!J{sbfm!3-11-!TBE!2-:1-!Kbqbo!1-71-!TTTS!p-61-! Bshfoujob!1-36-!\wbetlb!1-31-!Bvtusbmjkb!1-17-!Lbobeb!1-14/! ! :99/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!nfeb!tf!qspj{wpej!v!twfuv@! :99/!Lpkb!lpmj•job!nfeb!tf!qspj{wpej!v!twfuv@! Twfutlb!qspj{wpexb!nfeb!v!2:96/!hpe/!kf!2-118/111!upob!/!V! fwspqtljn!esabwbnb!kf!epcjkfop!279/111!upob/!Plp!376/111!upob! pe!vlvqof!lpmj•jof!qspebkf!tf!ob!twfutlpn!usaj|uv/!!! ! :9:/!Lpkf!esabwf!tv!ptopwoj!j{wp{ojdj!nfeb@! :9:/!Lpkf!esabwf!tv!ptopwoj!j{wp{ojdj!nfeb@!

391


Qsfnb! qpebdjnb! twfutlf! tubujtujlf! obkwf~j! j{wp{ojdj! )qswji! 21! {fnbrb*! nfeb! )v! upobnb*! v! 2:96/hpe/! tv;! Nfltjlp! 63/274-! Ljob! 56/121-! Bshfoujob! 42/33:-! TTTS! 33/382-! Nb}bstlb! 27/249-! Lbobeb! 26/353-! Bvtusbmjkb! 25/479-! Ofnb•lb! ){bqbeob*! 24/343-!Lvcb!:/765-!Cvhbstlb!6/658/! ! ::1/!Lpkf!esabwf!vwp{f!obkwf~f!lpmj•jof!nfeb@! ::1/!Lpkf!esabwf!vwp{f!obkwf~f!lpmj•jof!nfeb@! Obkwf~f! lpmj•jof! nfeb! )v! upobnb*! v! 2:96/hpe/! tv! vwf{mj;! Ofnb•lb! ){bqbeob*! 84/152-! TBE! 68/157-! Kbqbo! 42/579-! Fohmftlb! 31/7:4-! Jubmjkb! 21/493-! Ipmboejkb! 9/5:5-! Gsbodvtlb! 8/329-! Jubmjkb!7/275-!Bvtusjkb!7/129-!\wbkdbstlb!6/351/!! ! ::2/!Lblwb!kf!twfutlb!qspevlujwopjtu!nfeb!qp!kfeopn!q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv@! esv|uwv@! V! qptmfexji! 61! hpejob! tsfexb! twfutlb! qspevlujwoptu! nfeb! qp! kfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! pqbeb/! Up! tnbxfxf! kf! kp|! p•jhmfeojkf-! blp! tf! v{nf! v! pc{js! •jxfojdb! eb! tv! sbojkf! nophp! wfmjlf! lpmj•jof! nfeb! ptubwrbof! v! lp|ojdbnb-! ! b! ! tbeb! {b! kftfxf! qsjisbxjwbxf! q•fmb! pof! tf! ! {bnfxvkv! |f~fspn/! Of{bwjtop! pe! uf! pq|uf! ufoefodjkf! tubujtujlb! {b! oflf! esabwf! qplb{vkf! qpsbtu! uph! qplb{bufrb/! Ebup! qp! hpejobnb! twfutlb! qspj{wpexb! nfeb! )v! lh/*! pe! kfeoph! q•fmjxfh! esv|uwb! kf! qsjcmjaop!tmfef~b;!2:11!.–!2:21!.–!:-91<!!2:21!–.!2:31!.–!9-71<!!2:31!–.! 2:41!.–! 9-61<!!2:41!–.!2:51!.–! 7-41<!!2:51!–.!2:61!.–! 6-14<!!2:61!–.!2:71!.–! 6-13<!!2:71!–.!2:81!.–!5-:1/!!! ! ::3/!Hef!kf!qptujhovub!obkwf~b!qspj{wpexb!nfeb!pe!kfeope! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb@! Qp! tubujtuj•ljn! qpebdjnb! nbltjnbmob! qsptf•ob! qspj{wpexb! nfeb! kf! qptujhovub! pe! q•fmbsb! Ljof! j! TBE! –.! 31! lh/! qp! kfeopn! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv/! Obkwf~b! lpmj•job! nfeb! epcjkfob! pe!kfeoph!q•fmjxfh!esv|uwb!kf!sfhjtuspwbob!v!Nfltjlv/! ! ::4/!Lpkf!kf!kfeop!pe!obkwf~ji!q•fmbstlji!qsfev{f~b!v!twfuv@! ::4/!Lpkf!kf!kfeop!pe!obkwf~ji!q•fmbstlji!qsfev{f~b!v!twfuv@!

392


Tnbusb!tf!eb!kf!kfeop!pe!obkwf~ji!q•fmbstlji!qsfev{f~b!v! twfuv!″Njfm!Lbsmpub″!v!hsbev!Lvfsobwblb!)Nfltjlp*/!Qsfev{f~f! sbtqpmbaf!tb!41/111!q•fmjxji!esv|ubwb/!Hpej|xb!qspj{wpexb! nv! kf! 5/111! upob! nfeb! v! wsfeoptuj! 2-3! njmjpob! epmbsb! j! nmf•b! {b!411/111!epmbsb/!Ptjn!uphb!hpej|xf!tf!v!xfnv!pehbkb!611/111! pqmp}foji! nbujdb! v! wsfeoptuj! 211/111! epmbsb! j! tblvqj! tf! qpmfob!{b!41/111!epmbsb/!!! ! ::5/!Lblbw!tjtufn!q•fmbstuwb!kf!qsjiwb~fo!v!esabwbnb!hef!kf!ub! pcmbtu!kblp!sb{wjkfob@! pcmbtu!kblp!sb{wjkfob@ V! esabwbnb! tb! kblp! sb{wjkfojn! q•fmbstuwpn! lblwf! tv! Gsbodvtlb-! Fohmftlb-! Lbobeb-! TBE-! J{sbfm! j! es/! qsjnfxvkf! tf! nophplpsqvtoj! tjtufn-! lpkj! kf! qphpebo! {b! qspj{wpexv! wfmjlji! sb{nfsb/! Qptbp! kf! nfiboj{pwbo! v! {obuopn! tufqfov;! lpsjtuf! tf! gvshpoj! j! qsjlpmjdf! {b! qplsfuop! q•fmbsfxf-! fmflusj•oj! vsf}bkj!{b! puwbsbxf!tb~b-!fmflusj•of!sbejkbmof! dfousjgvhf!tb! fmfluspotlpn! sfhvmbdjkpn! pcsub-! djtufsof! {b! nfe-! bvupnbutlj! vsf}bkj!{b!j{sbev!tbuoji!ptopwb-!vsf}fof!sbejpojdf!{b!q•fmbsf! jue/! Up! kf! vtuwbsj! joevtusjktlb! qspj{wpexb/! V! obwfefojn! {fnrbnb! tjuop! )bnbufstlp*! q•fmbstuwp! tf! sb{wjkb! ob! lmbtj•bo! ob•jo-! tmj•op! q•fmbstuwv! v! •fiptmpwb•lpk/! Joufsftbouop! kf! {bcfmfajuj!eb!up!qpoflbe!ebkf!cprf!sf{vmubuf!pe!joevtusjktlph! q•fmbstuwb/! ! ::6/! \ub! tf! qpesb{vnfwb! qpe! qpknpn! nophpesv|uwfop! pehbkbxf! q•fmb@! q•fmb@! Nophpesv|uwfop!pehbkbxf!q•fmb!{btopwbop!kf!ob!qsjodjqv! wf|ub•lph! pckfejxbwbxb! oflpmjlp! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb! tb! oflpmjlp! nbujdb! v! kfeopk! lp|ojdj! tb! {bkfeoj•ljn! nfej|ufn/! Pwbk! nfupe! npaf! eb! tf! jtlpsjtuj! qsj! u{w/! nophplpsqvtopn! pehbkbxv! q•fmb! j! lpe! lpsj|~fxb! qpmp|lj! lp|ojdb! ob! lpkf! kf! qptubwrfop! {bkfeoj•lp! nfej|uf! )tm/217*! B! qpmp|lb! tb! ewf! nbujdf! j{pmpwbof! hvtupn! qsfhsbepn! )2*! tb! {bkfeoj•ljn! nfej|ufn! )3*! qptubwrfojn! ob! ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv<! C! j{nf}v!

393


ewb! q•fmjxb! esv|uwb! kf! {bkfeoj•lp! nfej|uf! )4*! v! lpkf! q•fmf! nphv! eb! qsp}v! lsp{! wfsujlbmov! ibofnbopwv! sf|fulv<! W! v! wj|flpsqvtopk! lp|ojdj! kfeob! nbujdb! kf! v! epxfn! b! esvhb! v! hpsxfn! lpsqvtv<! j{nf}v! xji! lpsqvt! )6*! tmvajlbp! {bkfeoj•lp! nfej|uf/!!V!qsbltj!ojkf!qptubwrbop-!{bup!|up!kf!nophp!uf|lp!eb! tf!v!uplv!hpejof!tb•vwbkv!nbujdf!v!twjn!qmpej|ujnb/!!

Tm/!217!

! ::7/! [b|up! tf! qprpqsjwsfeojdj! of! {bojnbkv! blujwop! q•fmbstuwpn@! q•fmbstuwpn@! Tubujtuj•lj! qpebdj! qplb{vkv! eb! obknbxf! sfhjtuspwboji! q•fmbsb!jnb!nf}v!qprpqsjwsfeojdjnb/!V{spl!upnf!kf!eb!v!wsfnf! lbeb! q•fmjxfn! esv|uwv! usfcb! qptwfujuj! obkwf~v! qbaxv-! uj! rvej!tv!{bv{fuj!tb!ofpempaojn!qptmpwjnb!v!qprv/! ! ::8/!Lphb!npafnp!tnbusbuj!{b!q•fmbsb@! ::8/!Lphb!npafnp!tnbusbuj!{b!q•fmbsb@! Q•fmbs! npaf! eb! cvef! twblj! •pwfl! lpkj! tf! csjof! p! q•fmbnb-! uk/! tbn! j{ws|bwb! twf! sbexf! qpwf{bof! tb! q•fmjxjn! esv|uwpn/!Wmbtojl!q•fmjxblb!ojlblp!of!npaf!eb!cvef!tnbusbo! {b!q•fmbsb!blp!kf!sbe!tb!q•fmbnb!qpwfsfo!esvhpn!•pwflv/! !

394


::9/![obkv!mj!jtlvtoj!q•fmbsj!twf!p!q•fmbstuwv@! ::9/![obkv!mj!jtlvtoj!q•fmbsj!twf!p!q•fmbstuwv@! Jtlvtoj! q•fmbsj! {obkv! nophp! p! q•fmbstuwv-! bmj! oj! kfebo! q•fmbs! of! {ob! twf/! Vwfl! tf! npaf! of|up! opwp! obv•juj/! Ufiopmphjkb! q•fmbsfxb! tf! nfxb! j! vtbws|bwb! j! usfcb! cjuj! v! uplv-! usfcb! vqp{obuj! opwjof! b! |ub! ~f! pe! twfhb! q•fmbs! vqpusfcjuj!up!kf!xfhpw!mj•oj!j{cps/!! ! :::/!Eb!mj!q•fmbsj!usfcb!eb!•jubkv@! :::/!Eb!mj!q•fmbsj!usfcb!eb!•jubkv@! Nophj! jtlvtoj! q•fmbsj! tnbusbkv! eb! tv! pwmbebmj! twjn! {obxjnb!j!eb!jn!•jubxf!ojkf!qpusfcop/!Vwfl!usfcb!•jubuj-!kfs!kf! {obxf!v!lxjhbnb/!V!mjufsbuvsj!npafnp!ob~j!|ub!usfcb!jmj!|ub! of!usfcb!sbejuj/!_jubkv~j!qputfujnp!tf!pophb!|up!tnp!{obmj!bmj! tnp!v!nop|uwv!sb{oji!qpebublb!{bcpsbwjmj/!! ! 2111/![b!lphb!kf!cbwrfxf!q•fmbstuwpn!pqbtop@! 2111/![b!lphb!kf!cbwrfxf!q•fmbstuwpn!pqbtop@! Twblb! ptpcb! tf! npaf! cbwjuj! q•fmbstuwpn! blp! ojkf! bmfshj•ob! ob! vcpe! q•fmf-! uk/! blp! ojkf! bmfshj•ob! ob! q•fmjxj! puspw/! Up! tf! npsb! v! qsbltj! qspwfsjuj/! Blp! lpe! vcpeb! q•fmf! epmb{j! ep! kblji! bmfshjktlji! sfbldjkb-! ep! pufaboph! ejtbxb! j! kblph! j! vcs{boph! mvqbxb! tsdb! ublwb! ptpcb! of! tnf! eb! tf! cbwj! q•fmbstuwpn/! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

395


Mjufsbuvsb! Mjufsbuvsb! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

! Cjmb|!j!es/!Nbmb!fodjlmpqfejkb!q•fmbstuwb-!Nptlwb!2::2/! Wfmjnjspwj~!N-!Mfltjlpo!ufioj•lji!{obxb!-![bhsfc!2::7/! Hsvqb!bvupsb-!Q•fmbstlb!fodjlmpqfejkb-!\vnfo!2::2/! Hsvqb!bvupsb-!Q•fmbstuwp-![bhsfc!2:96/! Kblpwrfwj~!T-!Sbepwj!ob!q•fmjxblv-!Cfphsbe!2::8/! Jnepsg!B-!\bsofs!A-!Cphebopw!T-!Bmufsobujwob!cpscb! qspujw!! wbspbup{f-!Cfso!3111/! Lsjabo!W-!2112!qjubxf!j!pehpwps!j{!q•fmbstuwb-!Tpgjkb! 2::1/! Njuj~!O-!Qftujdjej!v!qprpqsjwsfej!j!|vnbstuwv! Kvhptmbwjkf-!! Cfphsbe!3111/! Nmbefopw!T-!Sbeptbwpwj~!N-!Bqjufsbqjkb!j!q•fmbstuwp-!! Tpgjkb!2:::/! ^fsjnbhj~!I-!Q•fmbstuwp-!Tbsbkfwp!2:99/! _btpqjt!″″Q•fmbs″″-!Cfphsbe!2:98!–!3111/! _btpqjt!″″Q•fmpwpetuwp″″-!Nptlwb!2:::-!3112-!! _btpqjt!″″Q•fmbstuwp″″-!Tpgjkb!3111/! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

396


P!bvupsv! !

! ! ! Njpesbh!Tubmfuj~!kf! sp}fo!2:47/!hpejof!v!tfmv!Cf•fwjdb-! pq|ujob! Loj~/! Ptopwov! |lpmv! kf! {bws|jp! v! Cf•fwjdj! b! V•jufrtlv! |lpmv-! Wj|v! qfebhp|lv! |lpmv! j! Flpopntlj! gblvmufu!v!Lsbhvkfwdv/!Cjp!kf!qspgftps!j!qpnp~ojl!ejsflupsb!v! Flpopntlpk!|lpmj!v!Lsbhvkfwdv/!Tbeb!kf!v!qfo{jkj/! Q•fmbstuwpn! tf! cbwj! pe! 2:97/! hpejof/! Qsbuj! epnb~v! j! tusbov!mjufsbuvsv!j{!q•fmbstuwb/!! Optjmbd! kf! ″[mbuof! nfebrf! j! {wbxb! {btmvaoj! q•fmbs″″! j! ejqmpnf!″″Qspgftps!Kpwbo!Ajwbopwj”~! ″“/!!! Blujwop!v•ftuwvkf!v!sbev!Esv|uwb!q•fmbsb!v!Lsbhvkfwdv/! Pwpn! lxjhpn! ebkf! epqsjopt! tiwbubxv! j! vobqsf}fxv! q•fmbstuwb/! !! ! ! !!! ! !

397


! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Pwb!lxjhb-!v!pcmjlv!qjubxb!j!pehpwpsb-!vqp{obkf! •jubpdb! tb! ″ubkobnb″! q•fmbstuwb-! tb! psjhjobmojn! qpebdjnb! j{! jtupsjkf! q•fmbstuwb-! tb! opwjn! nfupebnb! {b! qpwf~bxf! qspevlujwoptuj! q•fmjxji! esv|ubwb-! tb! eptujhov~jnb! obvlf! j! qsbltf! v! pwpk! pcmbtuj/! Ebub! tv! j! qjubxb! lpkb! tf! peoptf! ob! epcjkbxf! wsfeoji! q•fmjxji!qspj{wpeb!.–!nfeb-!nmf•b-!qpmfob-!qspqpmjtb!j!wptlb/!! Lxjhb!kf!obnfxfob!twjnb!lpkj!tf!joufsftvkv!{b!q•fmbstuwp! j!lwbmjufu!q•fmjxji!qspj{wpeb/!

398


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.