GDW Booklet by Gabriele Secchi

CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERVENTION IN CASTEL GRUMELLO. CITY OF SONDRIO (LO)

LABORATORY OF CONSERVATION A.Y. 2014-2015 prof. ELISABETTA ROSINA

CASTLE GRUMELLO PROMENADE

ALONSTEVA KSENIA SECCHI GABRIELE STERLE ENRICO SUARDI ANDREA VORONOVA KSENIA MASTER IN BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING POLITECNICO DI MILANO POLO DI LECCO

INDEX

PROJECT OF CONSERVATION 3

Historical considerations................................................. 4 Program of intervention (see sub-index)........................ 5 Intervention Mapping.......................................................70

VALORISATION PROJECT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CONCEPT............................................................................. 73 Key Criteria........................................................................ 74 References.......................................................................... 75 INTERVENTION..................................................................82 Accessibility.......................................................................82 Technical solutions..........................................................84 Sustainability.................................................................... 85 GRUMELLO CASTLE PROMENADE..................................86

CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERVENTION IN CASTEL GRUMELLO. CITY OF SONDRIO (LO)

PROJECT OF CONSERVATION

ALONSTEVA KSENIA SECCHI GABRIELE STERLE ENRICO SUARDI ANDREA VORONOVA KSENIA MASTER IN BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING POLITECNICO DI MILANO POLO DI LECCO

Castel Grumello (So)

PROGRAM OF INTERVENTION Historical consideration The current site situation is quite unique and interesting: history gave back to us the rest of the castle just as it was after the destruction led by Grigioni indeed the middle part have been buried for a long time and the rest was just a ruin where we can still recognise its original appearance. East and west caste highlight the presence of past walls which are sign of articulated functions inside. Studying documents of 1997 intervention by architect Stefano Tirinzoni and FAI documents we know that the western castle was hosting the former residence of lords, the eastern castle was devoted as military fortress and the central part was assigned to military barracks. This last study case revealed to be of great interest and the most difficult to investigate because we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t found historical documentation which describes the original appearance nevertheless we have some hypothesis about historic modifications suggesting that the original castle was much bigger than appears now. In the degradation survey we highlighted the fact that just few alteration were made by inhabitants that were cultivating Grumelloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s soils. Modification so regarded the boundaries wall to the north and to the south. North wall have been consolidated during the recent (1997) restoration while the south, probably, have been modified by wineyard workers in order to arrange terraces. We observe wall joints, some holes that looks too wide to be considered buche pontaie and an arch totally integrated into the new boundary structure. No sure conclusion can be actually stated but it led us to two different hypothesis. The wall joint and the arch could simply represent structure reinforcement as the soil is extremely solid due to the presence of rock but at the same time is very irregular and maybe needed deeper foundation in some points. Second hypothesis is that the castle was wider than what appears today and there were hosted some rooms for servants -that were normally on the basement- or for storage purposes. Holes in the wall have been strongly modified (and the internal part filled with rock material) but they could have been old windows. As we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have enough material to proceed conscientiously with Anastilosi, stylistic restoration or any other reconstruction approach we decided to carry a low impact intervention fully devoted to conservation of the site. Following these indications for the conservation project we decided to set a series of sheets of intervention explaining the required actions for each classified degradation. The procedure would include cleaning, strengthening and protection. We setted intervention forms based on all the origin detected in the diagnostic diagrams.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

INDEX

Cracks 8

Diagnostic tree....................................................................8 IF 01.1.1 cracks in mortar................................................... 9 IF 01.1.2 cracks in rocks..................................................... 11 IF 01.2.1 cracks in mortar..................................................13 IF 01.2.2 cracks in rocks....................................................15

Grass

Moss

Diagnostic tree...................................................................17 IF 02.1.1 grass on mortar.................................................. 18 IF 02.1.2 grass on the ground..........................................20 IF 02.2.1 grass on mortar.................................................. 22

Diagnostic tree.................................................................. 24 IF 03.1.1 moss on mortar................................................... 25 IF 03.1.2 moss on stones..................................................... 27 IF 03.2.1 moss on mortar................................................... 29 IF 03.2.2 moss on stone.......................................................31

Saxifragaceae 33 Diagnostic tree.................................................................. 33 IF 04.1 saxifragaceae......................................................... 34 IF 04.2 saxifragaceae........................................................ 36

MISSING PART 38

Diagnostic tree..................................................................38 IF 05.1 missing part/lacuna .............................................. 39 IF 05.2 lacuna - rock identified on site.......................... 41

Disintegration 43 Diagnostic tree.................................................................. 43 IF 06.1.1 disintegration.....................................................44 IF 06.1.2 disintegration....................................................46

IF 06.1.3 disintegration....................................................48 IF 06.2.1 disintegration.................................................... 52 IF 06.2.2 disintegration.................................................... 54 IF 06.2.3 disintegration.................................................... 56

Crumbling 56 Diagnostic tree.................................................................. 56 IF 07.1 crumbling............................................................... 57 F 07.2 crumbling................................................................ 59

Algae

Diagnostic tree.................................................................. 61 IF 08.1 alga........................................................................ 62

Efflorescence 64

Diagnostic tree..................................................................64 IF 09 efflorescence..........................................................66

Botanic Plant

Diagnostic tree.................................................................. 67 IF 10 botanic plant.............................................................68

Castel Grumello (So)

Cracks

Diagnostic tree

Individual fissure, clearly visible by the naked eye, resulting from separation of one part from to another. The mortar weaknesses lead to few fractures with the potential detachment and lost of parts.

DAMAGE

CRACK

DEFECT MATERIAL POROSITY

ANTHROPIC FRACTURE

WATER INFLIRTATION

FRACTURE WITH SEEDS AND SPORES DEPOSIT

STRUCTURAL FRACTURE

ORIGIN

WRONG WATER/CEMENT RATIO

UN CORRECT USE OF THE BUILDING CORRUPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (ESCAVATION OR OTHERS)

WATER FLOW ERODES LIME MORTAR

CYCLES OF HIDRATATION AND DRYING OF MORTAR ON SURFACES LEAD TO DISGREGATION AND THAN FRACTURE

WATER ENTER FROM HOLES AND FREEZES

VEGETATION IN THE MORTAR EXPANDS ITS ROOTS

VEGETATION ON MORTAR DIGREGATES ON THE SURFACE THAT LEAD TO CRACKS

CHEMICAL ACTION DUE TO VEGETATION PRESENCE DIFFERENCES IN PH AND SALTS OVERLOADING

UN CORRECT USE OF THE BUILDING

SOIL MOVEMENTS - EXCEPTIONAL CONDITIONS

Report

Conservation studio

Group 8

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 01.1.1

cracks in mortar

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAT Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: TOP

Top_East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Individual fissure, clearly visible by the naked eye, resulting from separation of one part of mortar from another. The mortar weaknesses lead to few fractures with potential detachment and lost of parts. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Reinforce mortar structure. Prevent further propagation of the phenomena along time, closing/ filling the existing fractures. Maintain an aesthetic acceptable impact for the final users. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Cleaning surface 2. Internal cleaning 3. Injection and reinforcement 4. Protection external surface

REQUIRED MATERIALS Sorghum brush with soft bristles. Low-pressure Air. New glass reinforced mortar. Water repellents protector. PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Cleaning surface: carefully remove small bushes and visible dust with sorghum brush (the softness of the sorghum bristles will depend of how invasive is the vegetation above the cracks). 2. Internal cleaning: use low air extractor to remove all the small pieces of dust inside the crack. Get close with the spout to the crack. Start the extraction from one extremity and mechanical blow through the other. Invert the process many times. By the use of this technique it is possible remove other pieces of mortar not damaged, be patient during this phase. 3. Injection and reinforcement: prepare the glass reinforced mortar with a low viscosity related to the thickness of the crack. Go ahead layer by layer; meanwhile assure that the mortar is touching all the part of the crack. It is suggested to proceed 2/3mm every levelling. 4. Protection external surface: spray or paint (depend of which product used) the external part of the mortar. Apply 2 layers on the cracks close to the soil, 3 layers for the cracks more than 1m height from the soil. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t apply any layer for the crack touching the ground. Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

NOTES Be sure to remove all the dust from the inner part of the crack. This to guarantee an adequate level of bond with the new glass reinforced mortar. WARNINGS During the 4th phase with water repellent protectors, be sure to donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t spray any product in the cracks touching the ground. This cracks can have a different typology of maintenance. MAINTENANCE Check every year the state of the cracks. Document the critical points with a photo-archive. Cracks higher than 1m over the soil: referring to the state of degradation of the crack, spray every 2 years the water repellent protector. Cracks over 10cm higher the soil: check the state of the cracks every year. Apply, depending the condition, water repellent protector and vegetation inhibitors. Cracks touching to the ground: referring to the state of the crack degradation, clean the surface to prevent and assure an unfertile situation for the vegetation growing.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 01.1.2

cracks in rocks

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: ROCKS_MICASCISTO Position: HORIZONTAL PLAN Orientation: TOP

Top_East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Individual fissure, clearly visible by the naked eye, resulting from separation of one part of rocks from another. The mortar weaknesses lead to few fractures with potential detachment and lost of parts. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Consolidate the wall structure repairing cracking in the rocks. Prevent further propagation of the phenomena along time, closing/filling the existing fractures. Protect rocks from meteoric agents. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Cleaning surface around the crack 2. Internal cleaning 3. Injection and reinforcement 4. Second superficial injection REQUIRED MATERIALS Sorghum brush with hard bristles. High-pressure water. New filling mortar_low viscosity. Sacrificial external mortar. PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Cleaning surface around the crack: by the use of sorghum brush with hard bristles, remove the moss and nano bacteria grooving on the whole stone. 2. Internal cleaning: use water extractor to remove the un visible dust (naked eyes) and bacteria. Get close with the spout to the crack. Start washing from one extremity to let the water flow to the other extremity of the crack. Invert the process many times. 3. Injection and reinforcement: prepare the filling mortar with low viscosity related to the thickness of the crack. Go ahead layer by layer; meanwhile assure that the mortar is touching all the part of the crack. It is suggested to proceed 1/2mm every levelling. 4. Second superficial injection: same process of before. In this case the mortar will provide a sacrificial element resisting to the future meteoric agents.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

NOTES Be sure to remove all the dust from the inner part of the crack. This to guarantee an adequate level of bond with the new glass reinforced mortar. WARNINGS Be sure all the water of the 2nd phase is evaporated before proceed with the phase nÂ° 3. Avoid consolidating susceptible to the changing of temperature (the viscosity shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t change if exposed to the sun!). Sometimes an inappropriate consolidator may improve the thickness of the crack. MAINTENANCE Check every 2 years the state of the cracks. Document the critical points with a photo-archive. Referring to the state of the mortar, replace new layer of glass reinforced mortar on the top of the crack.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 01.2.1

cracks in mortar

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR Position: VERTICAL PLAN Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Individual fissure, clearly visible by the naked eye, resulting from separation of one part of mortar from another. The mortar weaknesses lead to few fractures with potential detachment and lost of parts. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Reinforce mortar structure. Prevent further propagation of the phenomena along time closing/ filling the existing fractures. Maintain an aesthetic acceptable impact for the final users. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Cleaning area around 2. Cleaning surface 3. Internal cleaning 4. Injection and reinforcement 5. Protection external layer

REQUIRED MATERIALS Cutter. Biocides. Sorghum brush. Low-pressure Air. New glass reinforced mortar. Water repellents protector.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Cleaning area around: carefully remove small bushes, moss and vegetation from the area nearby. 2. Cleaning surface: Remove visible dust with sorghum brush (the softness of the sorghum bristles will depend of how invasive is the vegetation above the cracks). 3. Internal cleaning: use low air extractor to remove all the small pieces of dust inside the crack. Get close with the spout to the crack. Start the extraction from one extremity and mechanical blow through the other. Invert the process many times. By the use of this technique it is possible remove other pieces of mortar not damaged, be patient during this phase. 4. Injection and reinforcement: prepare the glass reinforced mortar (low viscosity related to the thickness of the crack). Go ahead layer by layer; meanwhile assure that the mortar is touching all the part of the crack. Proceed layer by layer: 2/3mm each. 5. Protection external surface: spray or paint (depend of which product used) the external part of the mortar. Apply 2 layers on the cracks close to the soil, 3 layers for the cracks more than 1m height from the soil. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t apply any layer for the crack touching the ground. NOTES Be sure to remove all the dust from the inner part of the crack. This to guarantee an adequate level of bond with the new glass reinforced mortar. WARNINGS Avoid consolidating susceptible to the changing of temperature (the viscosity shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t change if exposed to the sun!). Sometimes an inappropriate consolidator may improve the thickness of the crack. MAINTENANCE Check every year the state of the cracks. Document the critical points with a photo-archive. Cracks higher than 1m over the soil: referring to the state of degradation of the crack, spray every 2 years the water repellent protector. Cracks over 10cm higher the soil: check the state of the cracks every year. Apply, depending the condition, water repellent protector and vegetation inhibitors. Cracks touching to the ground: referring to the state of the crack degradation, clean the surface to prevent and assure an unfertile situation for the vegetation growing.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 01.2.2

cracks in rocks

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: ROCKS_MICASCISTO Position: VERTICAL PLAN Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Individual fissure, clearly visible by the naked eye, resulting from separation of one part of rocks from another. The mortar weaknesses lead to few fractures with potential detachment and lost of parts. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Consolidate the wall structure repairing cracking in the rocks. Prevent further propagation of the phenomena along time closing/filling the existing fractures. Protect rocks from meteoric agents. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Cleaning surface around the crack 2. Internal cleaning 3. Injection and reinforcement 4. Second superficial injection REQUIRED MATERIALS Sorghum brush with hard bristles. High-pressure water. New filling mortar_low viscosity. Sacrificial external mortar. PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Cleaning surface around the crack: by the use of sorghum brush with hard bristles, remove the moss and nano bacteria grooving on the whole stone. 2. Internal cleaning: use water extractor to remove the un visible dust (naked eyes) and bacteria. Get close with the spout to the crack. Start washing from one extremity to let the water flow to the other extremity of the crack. Invert the process many times. Wait until all the water is evaporated. 3. Injection and reinforcement: prepare the new filling mortar with an adequate viscosity related to the thickness and the verticality of the crack. Go ahead layer by layer; meanwhile assure that the mortar is touching all the part of the crack. It is suggested to proceed 1/2mm every leveling. 4. Second superficial injection: same process of before. In this case the mortar will provide a sacrificial element resisting to the future meteoric agents.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Grass

Diagnostic tree

Herbaceous plants with narrow leaves growing from the base

DAMAGE

GRASS

ORIGIN

ANTHROPIC REASONS

DEFECT

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

UNCORRECT SLOPE OF THE ELEMENTS - STRUCTURAL LOSSES (NO ROOF) -

VEGETATION SPREADS GROWING FROM SOIL

INSECTS7ANIMALS BRINGS SEEDS ON MORTAR SURFACES AND/OR FRACTURES

AIR BRINGS SEEDS INTO EXISTING FRACTURES AND HOLES

INSECTS7ANIMALS BRINGS SEEDS ON MORTAR SURFACES AND/OR FRACTURES

AIR BRINGS SEEDS INTO EXISTING FRACTURES AND HOLES

ATMOSPHERIC ACTION

CONTACT WITH SOIL -CAPILLAR INFILTRATION

GRASS ATTRACT AND PERMIT THE RUNAWAY GROWTH OF OTHER SPECIES

WATER DEPOSIT

DEPOSIT OF MICRO ORGANISM IN THE AREA AROUND

GRASS GROWING INSIDE CRACKS

GRASS GROWING ON MORTAR

GRASS GROWING FROM SOIL

Report

Conservation studio

Group 8

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 02.1.1

grass on mortar

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: STONE-GROUND Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: WALL TOP

Top_ Central Room/Barrack

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Grass, an herbaceous plant with narrow leaves, is growing and slowly damaging the mortar between stones. They are growing both from the flat surface above the foundations, in which also some soil is present, and from crakcs in the mortar. The cause of the presence of the grass is both the expantion of the plants from the center of the foundation (where the soil deposit is), and the deposit of water and organics in the mortar surface and in the cracks. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to firstly remove the grass from the surface and the cracked part, than to reactivate the strenghness of the mortar as a filler between stones. Give back to the wall an acceptable aestetich impact and an original clean appereance. Preserve the maximum load of the mortar in term of self weight, impermeability and connector functionality. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Eradiaction of the plan with cutter-axe 2. Application of biocide 3. Cleaning with stiff brush. 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 5. Integration with new mortar 6. Protection with water-repellent solution REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Deionized water 2. New mortar with better mechanical and weather resisting characteristics 3. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

WARNINGS MAINTENANCE In order to mantain the wall clean and avoid new formation of grass in the moertar on the top of the foundations; it is necessary every 9-10 months to brush the surface with a stiff brush. It is preferable, than, to apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution, just mind to do it on a dry day.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 02.1.2

grass on the ground

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAR Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: WESTERN ROOM

Western facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Grass, an herbaceous plant with narrow leaves, is growing and covering the stone surface. They are growing thanks to the presence of soil in the space between foundation walls. The cause of the growing is therefore the accumulation of solid and fluid subtances, like soil, gravels and water in this part of the foundation. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to remove the grass and all its causes from the surface, bringing it back to the original clean appereance . The central part is not part of the built foundation but it is important to keep ot clean and safe in order to avoid the spread of vegetations which could reach the border of the walls or create cracks in the sone surface. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Move of the gravel in the space between walls 1. Eradiaction of the grass with cutter-axe 3. Elimination of accumulated soil with excavation tools 2. Application of biocide 3. Cleaning with sorghum brush (hard bristles). 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Scissors for grass 2. Deionized water 3. Biocide 4. Sorgum brush

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Removal of the gravels in the space between walls with excavation tools and placement in another site, not in contact with the walls. In the removal it is necessary to pay attention not to damage the stone surface under the gravels 2. Careful removal of the grass with a cutter-axe in order to garante a first cleaning surface. 3. Elimination of the accumulated soil with excavation tools and placement in another site. Once again it is foundamental to use the excavators carefully and slowly, not to damage the stones. 4. Application of a biocide in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence in the surface. 5. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a stiff brush, using very smooth and carefull movements. 6. Usage of deionaized water in case some craks or damages in the stone surface not visible before, came out. NOTES

WARNINGS MAINTENANCE Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s necessary to underline the actual critical situation, due to the lack of maintenance for many years. Considering this, a new cleaning intervention is planned every 10-14 months, including a new move of gravels and eradication of new grass and soil deposit in the surface. It will also include the use of a stiff brush and if necessary the deionized water. The aim is to mantain the surface clean and dry, avoiding the spread of vegetation close to the walls.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 02.2.1 grass on mortar Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAR Position: VERTICAL Orientation: WEST EXTERNAL FACADE

West external room

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Grass, an herbaceous plant with narrow leaves, is growing and slowly damaging the mortar between stones. They are growing both from small crakcs in the mortar and from deposit of soil and water in some curved part of the surface. The grass starts to grow in the mortar because of its porosity and it’s sensitivity to humidity, which aloud the formation of a series of small fractures in which the grass develops its roots. These are, consequently, the caauses of the presence of the grass in the mortar of the vertical surface. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to firstly remove the grass from the surface and the cracked part, than to reactivate the strenghness of the mortar as a filler between stones. The intervention is also planned to give back the wall it’s authentic appereanche and to preserve it’s structural safety, considering that every kind of plant growing in the mortar, generates an increase in damages, mainly becasue of the roots. Finally it’s important to preserve the maximum load of the mortar in term of self weight, impermeability and connector functionality. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Eradiaction of the plan with cutter-axe 2. Application of biocide 3. Cleaning with stiff brush. 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 5. Integration with new mortar 6. Protection with water-repellent solution REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Deionized water 2. Biocide

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

WARNINGS MAINTENANCE In order to mantain the wall clean and avoid new formation of graas in the mortar of wallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s facades; it is necessary every 9-10 months to brush the surface with a stiff brush. It is preferable, than, to apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution, just mind to do it on a dry day.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Moss

Diagnostic tree Vegetal organism forming small, soft and green cushions of centimetric size. Mosses look generally like dense micro-leaves (sub- to millimetric size) tightly packed together.

DAMAGE

MOSS

DEFECT

MOSS ON THE MORTAR

MOSS ON ROCKS

Conservation studio

ORIGIN

WEAKER AND MORE HUMID MATERIAL (ABSORBS AND RETAINS WATER)

PRESENCE OF STAGNANT WATER UNDER KNEE

CAPILLAR HUMIDITY FROM SOIL

HUMIDITY TO THE NORTH

LARGE SURFACE TO EXPAND

PROXIMITY TO THE SOIL

Group 8

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 03.1.1

moss on mortar

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAR Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: EASTERN WALL TOP

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Moss, described as a vegetal organism forming small, soft and green cushions of centimetric size, is covering the mortar between the stones and damaging it. The cause of the moss is the combination of the porous mortar, the deposition of organics, dust and nutrients on it and the humidity brought by water. The moss and its spores are spreaded through the mortar surface and its fractures. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to remove the moss and avoid a rapid return of it. As an element invading the walls surface, the will is to bring the walls back to their original (after the destruction of the barracks) appereance, considering also their aesthetic value. Preserve the maximum load of the mortar in term of self weight, impermeability and connector functionality. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Application of biocide 2. Cleaning with manual brush. 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 5. Integration with new mortar 6. Protection with water-repellent REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Deionized water 2. New mortar with better mechanical and weather resisting characteristics 3. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Application of a biocide with spray in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence (like spores) in the surface and in the small cracks characterizing the mortar. 2. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a stiff brush, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate other damages in the mortar. 3. Usage of deionized water spary with low pressure in order to assure a deeper cleanin in the mortar cracks without increasing the damages. 4. Integration of the wall with injections of new mortar where craks are present and where the deepnes is week. The new mortar has to have stronger mechanical properties as well as weather reisting characteristics. A glass reinforced mortar, thank to its hydraulic and mechanical properties, can garantee it. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. NOTES

WARNINGS MAINTENANCE Every 10-14 months it is necessary to brush the surface with a manula brush in order to keep it clean. Than, paying attention to do it on a dry day, apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 03.1.2 moss on stones Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: STONE Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: WESTERN WALL TOP

WESTERN TOP

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Moss, described as a vegetal organism forming small, soft and green cushions of centimetric size, has spreaded reaching the surface of the stone and damaging it. The cause of the moss is the combination the deposition of organics, dust and nutrients on it and the humidity brought by water. The risk of moss formation is iscreased by the flat surface of the stone, whcih accumulate water and nutrients much easier. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to remove the moss and avoid a rapid return of it. As an element invading the walls surface, the will is to bring the walls back to their original (after the destruction of the barracks) appereance, considering also their aesthetic value. Eliminate the moss before any irreversible damage occurs to the stone. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Application of biocide 2. Cleaning with manual brush. 3. Usage of stilled water 4. Protection with water-repellent

REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Stilled water 3. Fluoropolymers water-repellent PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Application of a biocide with spray in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence (like spores) in the surface. 2. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a manual brush, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate damages in the stone. 3. Usage of stilled water spary with low pressure in order to assure a good level of cleaning for the stone. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers, applyed with the specific brush.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

NOTES WARNINGS MAINTENANCE very 10-14 months it is necessary to brush the surface with a manula brush in order to keep it clean. Than, paying attention to do it on a dry day, apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 03.2.1 moss on mortar TTechnological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAR Position: VERTICAL Orientation: EASTERN INTERNAL FACADE

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Moss, described as a vegetal organism forming small, soft and green cushions of centimetric size, is covering the mortar between the stones and damaging it. The cause of the moss is the combination of the porous mortar, the deposition of organics, dust and nutrients on it and the humidity brought by water. The moss and its spores are spreaded through the mortar surface and its fractures. Being in a vertical surface causes the mortar to generally develops along a vertical direction, if there is no flat surface where to spread. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to remove the moss and avoid a rapid return of it. As an element invading the walls surface, the will is to bring the walls back to their original (after the destruction of the barracks) appereance, considering also their aesthetic value. Preserve the maximum load of the mortar in term of self weight, impermeability and connector functionality. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Application of biocide 2. Cleaning with manual brush. 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 5. Integration with new mortar 6. Protection with water-repellent REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Deionized water 2. New mortar with better mechanical and weather resisting characteristics 3. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Application of a biocide with spray in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence (like spores) in the surface and in the small cracks characterizing the mortar. 2. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a stiff brush, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate other damages in the mortar. 3. Usage of deionized water spary with low pressure in order to assure a deeper cleanin in the mortar cracks without increasing the damages. 4. Integration of the wall with injections of new mortar where craks are present and where the deepnes is weak. The new mortar has to have stronger mechanical properties as well as weather reisting characteristics. A glass reinforced mortar, thank to its hydraulic and mechanical properties, can garantee it. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. NOTES It is traightforward to be noticed that the moss developed more in certain parts of the foundation walls. These are the areas which appear to be more shadowed, hence more humid. Knowing these general statement regarding the growing of moss, it is necessary to focus on those zones in which the situation is more critical. WARNINGS

MAINTENANCE Every 10-14 months it is necessary to brush the surface with a manula brush in order to keep it clean. Than, paying attention to do it on a dry day, apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 03.2.2

moss on stone

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: STONE Position: VERTICAL Orientation: NORTH EXTERNAL FACADE

North external facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Moss, has spreaded reaching the surface of the stone and damaging it. The cause of the moss is the combination the deposition of organics, dust and nutrients on it and the humidity brought by water. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to remove the moss and avoid a rapid return of it. As an element invading the walls surface, the will is to bring the walls back to their original (after the destruction of the barracks) appereance, considering also their aesthetic value. Eliminate the moss before any irreversible damage occurs to the stone. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Application of biocide 2. Cleaning with manual brush. 3. Usage of stilled water 4. Protection with water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

NOTES It is traightforward to be noticed that the moss developed more in certain parts of the foundation walls. These are the areas which appear to be more shadowed, hence more humid. Knowing these general statement regarding the growing of moss, it is necessary to focus on those zones in which the situation is more critical WARNINGS

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Saxifragaceae

Diagnostic tree

Vegetal organism genrally growing from the ground or between stones. The Latin word saxifraga means literally “stone-breaker”

DAMAGE

SAXIFRAGACEAE

DEFECT LACK OF MAINTENANCE

SAX. GROWING ON MORTAR

SAX. GROWING INSIDE CRACKS

CRUMBLING OF THE MORTAR

RUNAWAY GROWTH

ORIGIN

ANTHROPIC REASONS

AIR BRINGS SEEDS INTO EXISTING FRACTURES AND HOLES

INSECTS7ANIMALS BRINGS SEEDS ON MORTAR SURFACES AND/OR FRACTURES

DISGREGATION: DAMAGED ROCKSREPRESENT THE PERFECT ENVIRONMENT FOR SAXIFRAGACEAE

AIR BRINGS SEEDS INTO EXISTING FRACTURES AND HOLES

INSECTS7ANIMALS BRINGS SEEDS ON MORTAR SURFACES AND/OR FRACTURES

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

POOR QUALITY MORTAR

ADVANTAGEOUS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Report

Conservation studio

Group 8

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 04.1

saxifragaceae

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAR Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: WEST EXTERNAL BRUNCH

Top_East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION The saxifraga is a vegetal organism generally growing from the ground or between stones. The Latin word saxifraga means literally â&#x20AC;&#x153;stone-breakerâ&#x20AC;?. The mortar appears to be damaged and the plant is growing between stones. The cause of the saxifragaceae is the humidity and the organic deposit in the stones, combined with the damaged mortar, whch aloud their growth. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to firstly remove the saxifragaceae from the surface and the cracked part, than to reactivate the strenghness of the mortar as a filler between stones. Restore an acceptable aestetich impact on the exterior parts of the wall. Preserve the maximum load of the mortar in term of self weight, impermeability and connector functionality. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Eradiaction of the plan with cutter-axe 2. Application of biocide 3. Cleaning with sorgum brush. 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 5. Integration with new mortar 6. Protection with water repellent REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Cutter-axe 2. Biocide 3. Sorghum brush with hard bristles 4. Deionized water 5. New mortar with better mechanical and weather resisting characteristics 6. Water repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Careful removal of the plant with a cutter-axe in order to garantee a first cleaning surface which aloud a better analysis of the state of the mortar. 2. Application of a biocide fluid in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence in the surface and in the small cracks chara cterizing the mortar. 3. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a sorghum brush with hard bristles, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate other damages in the mortar. 4. Spray deionizaed water to assure that all the portion of the foundation attacct by the sassifragra is clean and without any tipe of dust. Usage of stilled water spary with low pressure in order to assure a good level of cleaning for the stone. 5. Apply new layer or mortar to sobstitute the missing part derived from the cleaning phase. 6. Protect all the intervention with water repellent: this permit to the micro bacteria to flow down untill the soil, it prevent the resurgence of new saxifragraceae. NOTES Be sure, before the 5th phase of the intervention that all the deionized water is evaporated. All the area should be dry. Differentiate the application of the mortar in 2 phases: 1st: low viscosity mortar to invade all the small cracks nearby; 2nd: strong mortar as filler. WARNING

MAINTENANCE Every year, check the state of the intervention. It is suggested to created a photo archive to compare the degradation in differents year.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 04.2

saxifragaceae

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAT Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION The saxifraga is a vegetal organism generally growing from the ground or between stones. The Latin word saxifraga means literally â&#x20AC;&#x153;stone-breakerâ&#x20AC;?. The mortar appears to be damaged and the plant is growing between stones. The cause of the saxifragaceae is the humidity and the organic deposit in the stones, combined with the damaged mortar, whch aloud their growth. It is important to underline, in the comparison with the saxifragaceae growing vertically, here the situation is much more critical, due to the horizontal position and therefore the amount of organic and fluids deposition in the surface. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to firstly remove the saxifragaceae from the surface and the cracked part, than to reactivate the strenghness of the mortar as a filler between stones. Restore an acceptable aestetich impact on the exterior parts of the wall. Preserve the maximum load of the mortar in term of self weight, impermeability and connector functionality. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Eradiaction of the plan with cutter-axe 2. Application of biocide 3. Cleaning with manual brush 4. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 5. Integration with new mortar 6. Application of water repellent. 7. Final cleaning of the elements around REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Cutter-axe 2. Biocide 3. Sorghum brush with hard bristles 4. Deionized water 5. New mortar with better mechanical and weather resisting characteristics 6. Water repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Careful removal of the plant with a cutter-axe in order to garantee a first cleaning surface which aloud a better analysis of the state of the mortar. 2. Application of a biocide fluid in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence in the surface and in the small cracks chara cterizing the mortar. 3. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a manual brush, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate other damages in the mortar. 4. Spray deionizaed water to assure that all the portion of the foundation attacct by the sassifragra is clean and without any tipe of dust. Usage of stilled water spary with low pressure in order to assure a good level of cleaning for the stone. 5. Apply new layer or mortar to sobstitute the missing part derived from the cleaning phase. 6. Protect all the intervention with water repellent: this permit to the micro bacteria to flow down untill the soil, it prevent the resurgence of new saxifragraceae. 7. Claning the elements nearby the intervention. It is common that saxifragaceae can easily invade the zone nearby, it is important during the last phases of the intervention that mainly all the area nearby it has been checked and clean. NOTES Be sure, before the 5th phase of the intervention that all the deionized water is evaporated. All the area should be dry. Differentiate the application of the mortar in 2 phases: 1st: low viscosity mortar to invade all the small cracks nearby; 2nd: strong mortar as filler. WARNING Phase nÂ° 2, dangerous. High level of protection to the eyes and the hand. MAINTENANCE Every year, check the state of the intervention. It is suggested to created a photo archive to compare the degradation in differents year.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Missing part

Diagnostic tree empty space, located in the place of some formerly existing stone part.

DAMAGE

MISSING PART

DEFECT

Conservation studio

ORIGIN

ANTHROPIC REASONS

CRACKS

CRUMBLING OF THE MORTAR LACK OF MAINTENANCE

CRUMBLING OF THE MORTAR DUE TO POOR QUALITY Group 8

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 05.1

missing part/lacuna

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MASONRY Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Missing part: due to the fall and lost of parts. It is used when the dictionary doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t present any other possible definition. The foundations are composed by crest which are sensible to many external aggressions which eventually cause detachments which lead to missing part. In the study case highlighted are not structural but they tend to be lost starting from the top. The top one are more difficult to identify while on facade are more clear (picture above) SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The purpose is to restore the original appearance when possible (if the missing part/stone is clearly present on site) or reinforce the structure in order to avoid future losses. Preserve the aesthetic aspect as similar as possible with the other parts of the wall. Mantain the adjacent elements inalterate and not influenced from the restoration of the Lacuna (future influences). INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Identify the origin of the crack. 2. Gross cleaning. 3. Biocide application. 4. Accurate cleaning. 5. Fill crack - consolidation 6. Exterior protection.

REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Deionised water - still water. 2. Biocide. 3. New glass reinforced mortar. 4. Hydraulic lime mortar. 5. Fluoropolymers water-repellent.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Recognise material stratification and its composition. Identify the origin of the missing part clarifying if the material is for instance de-laminated (partly missing), cracked, missing since undefined time. Seek on site if the missing part could be identified or it is lost. 2. Gross cleaning with gloves and simple tools (cutter axe - manually) of vegetation and other external elements (ex: damaged mortar). 3. Application of biocide to eliminate any spores and little roots and prevent future vegetation aggression. 4. Accurate cleaning with appropriate tools. Compressed air in presence of cracks, brushes with different stiffness as reported in the appropriate related degradations forms (missing part never occur alone). In case of mortar clean with deionised water in case of rock with still water. If stains are left smoothly clean with wishab sponge. 5. C Consolidate the structure with glass reinforced mortar taking care about filling gap due to cracks or other reasons with hydraulic lime mortar injections. Injection of the new glass reinforced mortar in the mortar-missing part. The mortar is injected slowly and carefully until it has reached a sufficient deepens, without overlapping the stone surfaces. 6. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. This product can be either applied by paintbrush or by spray and thanks to its transparency is not visible. . NOTES The study case doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t highlight any structural problem due to cracks thus is better to donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t corrupt the archaeological area. If structural problems occur is possible either to add a metal structure hidden in lime mortar or a new stone. Any of this intervention should be recognisable for instance numbering new stones WARNINGS

MAINTENANCE The intervention requires different frequency according to the position. As the foundation rests are all close to the soil is preferable a light and frequent maintenance in order to remove vegetation aggression. Once a year is mandatory to clean properly where early degradations appear add new mortar if necessary and than, paying attention to do it on a dry day, apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 05.2

lacuna - rock identified on site

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MASONRY Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST

East facade

\ DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Missing part: due to the fall and lost of parts. It is used when the dictionary doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t present any other possible definition. The foundations are composed by crest which are sensible to many external aggressions which eventually cause detachments which lead to missing part. In the study case highlighted are not structural but they tend to be lost starting from the top. The top one are more difficult to identify while on facade are more clear (picture above). Since the most of the site is almost flat we had the possibility to identify rocks on the soil that where detached from top and should be replaced in the original area. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The purpose is to restore the original appearance when possible (if the missing part/stone is clearly present on site) or reinforce the structure in order to avoid future losses. Preserve the aesthetic aspect as similar as possible with the other parts of the wall. Maintain the adjacent elements inalterate and not influenced from the restoration of the Lacuna (future influences). INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Identify the origin of the crack 2. Gross cleaning 3. Biocide application 4. Accurate cleaning 5. Fill crack - consolidation 6. Reposition missing part as it was in origin 7. Exterior protection REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Deionised water - still water 2. Biocide 3. New glass reinforced mortar 4. Hydraulic lime mortar 5. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Recognise material stratification and its composition. Identify the origin of the missing part clarifying if the material is for instance de-laminated (partly missing), cracked, missing since undefined time. Seek on site if the missing part could be identified or it is lost. 2. Gross cleaning with gloves and simple tools (cutter axe - manually) of vegetation and other external elements (ex: damaged mortar). 3. Application of biocide to eliminate any spores and little roots and prevent future vegetation aggression. 4. Accurate cleaning with appropriate tools. Compressed air in presence of cracks, brushes with different stiffness as reported in the appropriate related degradations forms (missing part never occur alone). In case of mortar clean with deionised water in case of rock with still water. If stains are left smoothly clean with wishab sponge. 5. Consolidate the structure with glass reinforced mortar taking care about filling gap due to cracks or other reasons with hydraulic lime mortar injections. Injection of the new glass reinforced mortar in the mortar-missing part. The mortar is injected slowly and carefully until it has reached a sufficient deepens, without overlapping the stone surfaces. 6. Reposition the original missing part connecting to the existing structure with glass reinforced mortar. 7. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. This product can be either applied by paintbrush or by spray and thanks to its transparency is not visible. NOTES The study case doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t highlight any structural problem due to cracks thus is better to donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t corrupt the archaeological area. If structural problems occur is possible either to add a metal structure hidden in lime mortar or a new stone. Any of this intervention should be recognisable for instance numbering new stones. WARNINGS

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Disintegration

Diagnostic tree

Little mechanical stresses provoke grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially on the top and in presence of vegetation.

DAMAGE

DISINTEGRATION

DEFECT

EROSION OF MORTAR

SAX. - VEG GROWING INSIDE CRACKS

CRUMBLING OF THE MORTAR

RUNAWAY GROWTH

ORIGIN

ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS

TEMPERATURE RANGES WATER FLOW

DISGREGATION: DAMAGED ROCKS REPRESENT THE PERFECT ENVIRONMENT FOR SAXIFRAGACEAE

AIR BRINGS SEEDS INTO EXISTING FRACTURES AND HOLES

CRACKS EXPOSE MORE SURFACES TO EXTERNAL AGENTS

VEGETATION ATTACKS THE MORTAR SPECIALLY WITH ROOTS

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

POOR QUALITY MORTAR WRONG WATER CEMENT RATIO

ADVANTAGEOUS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Report

Conservation studio

Group 8

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 06.1.1

disintegration

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR Position: HORIZONTAL SURFACE Orientation: TOP

Top_East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Little mechanical stresses provoke grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially on the top and in presence of vegetation. Sometimes disintegration occur in the stones as well as a consequence of atmospheric agents or direct contact with the user. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent future aggressions. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning 2. Biocide kill application 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation 5. Exterior protection

REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water 2. Biocide 3. Glass reinforced mortar 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Gross cleaning: remove manually and/or with simple tools (cutter axe) all the vegetation that is living on the mortar layer. 2. Application of biocide to eliminate any spores and little roots and prevent future vegetation aggression. 3. Accurate cleaning with soft brushes removing all grains, dust ans slags present. It is important to remove all the damaged part that would lead to future problems but is mandatory to keep as much as possible the existing structure. Complete with cleaning with still water. 4. Add glass reinforced mortar paying attention to fill all the holes which constitute point of weakness. The mortar is injected slowly and carefully until it has reached a sufficient deepens, without overlapping the stone surfaces. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. This product can be either applied by paintbrush or by spray and thanks to its transparency is not visible. NOTES According to the crest position it is preferable to use abundant mortar since it is the first element attacked. WARNINGS Exterior meteoric action should be limited with the conservation intervention - the project proposes tends which should lead part of the water away from the structure. MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 06.1.2

disintegration

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR - CRACKS Position: HORIZONTAL PLAN Orientation: TOP

Top_East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Little mechanical stresses provoke grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially on the top and in presence of vegetation. Roots infiltrations and water action with cycles of hydration and drying or hydration and freezing can generate cracks in the mortar which will lead to detachment and missing parts. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent future aggressions. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning 2. Bio kill application. 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation - fill cracks 5. Exterior protection.

REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water 2. Biocide 3. Glass reinforced mortar 4. Fluoropolymers

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Gross cleaning: remove manually and/or with simple tools (cutter axe) all the vegetation that is living on the mortar layer. 2. Application of biocide to eliminate any spores and little roots and prevent future vegetation aggression. 3. Accurate cleaning with soft brushes removing all grains, dust ans slags present. It is important to remove all the damaged part that would lead to future problems but is mandatory to keep as much as possible the existing structure. Complete with cleaning with still water. 4. Add glass reinforced mortar paying attention to fill all the lime mortar cracks which constitute point of weakness. The mortar is injected slowly and carefully until it has reached a sufficient deepens, without overlapping the stone surfaces. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. This product can be either applied by paintbrush or by spray and thanks to its transparency is not visible. NOTES According to the crest position it is preferable to use abundant mortar since it is the first element attacked. WARNINGS Exterior meteoric action should be limited with the conservation intervention - the project proposes tends which should lead part of the water away from the structure. MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 06.1.3

disintegration

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: ROCKS - CRACKS Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Little mechanical stresses provokes grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially on the top and in presence of vegetation. Roots infiltrations and water action with cycles of hydration and drying or hydration and freezing can generate cracks in the rocks and their disintegration. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent future aggressions. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning - plant eradication 2. Bio kill application. 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation - fill cracks 5. Exterior protection. REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water 2. Biocide 3. Glass reinforced mortar 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Gross cleaning: remove manually and/or with simple tools (cutter axe) all the vegetation that is living on the mortar layer. 2. Application of biocide to eliminate any spores and little roots and prevent future vegetation aggression. 3. Accurate cleaning with soft brushes removing all grains, dust ans slags present. It is important to remove all the damaged part that would lead to future problems but is mandatory to keep as much as possible the existing structure. Complete with cleaning with still water. 4. Add glass reinforced mortar paying attention to fill all the rock cracks which constitute point of weakness. The mortar is injected slowly and carefully until it has reached a sufficient deepens, without overlapping the stone surfaces. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. This product can be either applied by paintbrush or by spray and thanks to its transparency is not visible. NOTES According to the crest position it is preferable to use abundant mortar since it is the first element attacked. WARNINGS Exterior meteoric action should be limited with the conservation intervention - the project proposes tends which should lead part of the water away from the structure. MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 06.2.1

disintegration

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Little mechanical stresses provokes grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially in presence of vegetation and of atmospheric action. Roots infiltrations and water action with cycles of hydration and drying or hydration and freezing worsen this situation. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent future aggressions. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning - plant eradication 2. Bio kill application. 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation 5. Exterior protection. REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water 2. Biocide 3. Glass reinforced mortar 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Remove manually all the vegetation that is living on the mortar layer. 2. Application of biocide with deionised water at low pressure to eliminate any spores and little roots and prevent future vegetation aggression. 3. Accurate cleaning with soft brushes removing all grains, dust ans slags present. It is important to remove all the damaged part that would lead to future problems but is mandatory to keep as much as possible the existing structure. 4. Add glass reinforced mortar paying attention to fill all the holes which constitute point of weakness. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers. This product can be either applied by paintbrush or by spray and thanks to its transparency is not visible. Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

NOTES WARNINGS Exterior protection from atmospheric elements would significantly decrease the erosion rate, so the project designs some tends which would push out some of the atmospheric action. MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months. Since we are closer to the soil it would be beneficial to intervene on vegetation quite frequently as humidity, spore and so on are more aggressive here.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 06.2.2

disintegration

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR - CRACKS Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST FACADE - WEST SIDE

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Little mechanical stresses provokes grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially in presence of vegetation. Roots infiltrations and water action with cycles of hydration and drying or hydration and freezing can generate cracks in the rocks and their disintegration. Water flow and its consequent erosion make the lime mortar almost disappear. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent future aggressions. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning - plant eradication 2. Bio kill application. 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation 5. Exterior protection. REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water 2. Biocide 3. Glass reinforced mortar 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

WARNINGS Exterior meteoric action should be limited with the conservation intervention - the project proposes tends which should lead part of the water away from the structure. MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months. Since we are closer to the soil it would be beneficial to intervene on vegetation quite frequently as humidity, spore and so on are more aggressive here.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 06.2.3

disintegration

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: ROCKS - CRACKS Position: EXTERNAL FACADE Orientation: EAST

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Little mechanical stresses provokes grains or crystals detachments. It is quite diffuse in the mortar especially on the top and in presence of vegetation. Roots infiltrations and water action with cycles of hydration and drying or hydration and freezing can generate cracks in the rocks and their disgregation. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent future aggressions. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning - plant eradication 2. Bio kill application. 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation - fill cracks 5. Exterior protection. REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water 2. Biocide 3. Glass reinforced mortar 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

WARNINGS Exterior meteoric action should be limited with the conservation intervention - the project proposes tends which should lead part of the water away from the structure.

MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months. Since we are closer to the soil it would be beneficial to intervene on vegetation quite frequently as humidity, spore and so on are more aggressive here.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Crumbling

Diagnostic tree

Detachment of aggregates of grain from the substrate. These aggregate are generally limited in size (less than2cm).

DAMAGE

CRUMBLING

DEFECT

EROSION OF MORTAR

DISGREGATION OF SUPERFICIAL LAYER

ORIGIN

ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS

TEMPERATURE RANGES WATER FLOW

CRACKS EXPOSE MORE SURFACES TO EXTERNAL AGENTS

VEGETATION ATTACKS THE MORTAR SPECIALLY WITH ROOTS

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

POOR QUALITY MORTAR - WRONG WATER CEMENT RATIO -

Report

Conservation studio

Group 8

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 07.1

crumbling

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR Position: HORIZONTAL PLAN Orientation: TOP

Top_East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Disintegration of mortar in small pieces. It is very diffuse iwhen the mortar is exposed to the top orientation and in presence of vegetation. Roots infiltrations and water action with cycles of hydration and drying or hydration and freezing can generate cracks in the rocks and their disgregation. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION Interrupt the spread of the problem and prevent or delay future aggression. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Gross cleaning - plant eradication 2. Application of Biocides. 3. Accurate cleaning 4. Consolidation - fill cracks 5. Exterior protection. REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Still water. 2. Biocide. 3. Glass reinforced mortar. 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

WARNINGS Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 07.2

crumbling

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: LIME MORTAR Position: VERTICAL PLAN Orientation: EAST FACADE

Central room/barrack

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

WARNINGS MAINTENANCE Every year is mandatory to check damages that have occurred due to exceptional phenomena and if needed re-execute the described procedure. Re apply biocide and water repellent every 1014 months. If closer to the soil it would be beneficial to intervene on vegetation quite frequently as humidity, spore and so on are more aggressive here.

Group 8

Conservation studio

Report

Castel Grumello (So)

Algae

Diagnostic tree

Microscopic vegetal organisms without stem nor leaves which can be seen outdoors and indoors, as powdery or viscous wet deposits (thickness: tenth of mm to several mm.

DAMAGE

ALGAE

DEFECT

HIGH LEVEL OF HUMIDITY AROUND THE AREA

BIRTH OF A NEW SUPERFICIAL LAYER ON THE SURFACE

CHROMATIC CHANGING ON THE SURFACE

RUNAWAY GROWTH

ORIGIN

ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS

TEMPERATURE RANGES WATER FLOW

GROWING OF VEGETAL PARASITE ON THE EXTERNAL LAYER

ABSENCE OF A PROTECTIVE LAYER ON THE SURFACE

CRACKS EXPOSE MORE SURFACES TO EXTERNAL AGENTS

VEGETATION ATTACKS THE MORTAR

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

POOR QUALITY MORTAR WRONG WATER CEMENT RATIO

ADVANTAGEOUS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Report

Conservation studio

Group 8

Castel Grumello (So)

IF 08.1

alga

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: STONE Position: VERTICAL Orientation: WESTERN INTERNAL FACADE

West facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION The definition of alga, according to ICOMOS, is a microscopic vegetal organism without stem nor leaves which can be seen as powdery viscous deposit. Likewise the moss it deserves a lot of humidity to grow and develop, and it is helped by the presence of salts. Therefore the it has spreaded in the most shades parts of the foundations and particularly in those rocks with a higher percentage of salts in the surface. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The scope of the intervention is to eradicate the alga and avoid the new formation of the microorganism, in order to keep the stones clean and safe. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Application of biocide 2. Usage of oxigen bleach 3. Cleaning with manual brush. 4. Usage of stilled water 5. Protection with water-repellent

REQUIRED MATERIALS Biocide Oxigen bleach Stilled water Fluoropolymers water-repellent

PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Application of a biocide with spray in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence (like spores) in the surface. 2. Usage of oxigen bleach which is commonly the best solution to eliminate algae form stone surfaces. 3. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a manual brush, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate damages in the stone. 4. Usage of stilled water spary with low pressure in order to assure a good level of cleaning for the stone. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers, applyed with the specific brush. Group 8

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NOTES WARNINGS MAINTENANCE Every 10-14 months it is necessary to brush the surface with a manula brush in order to keep it clean. Than, paying attention to do it on a dry day, apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution. It is not mandatory to also reuse the oxygen bleach, since itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a specific solution for the algae, but it turn helpful in case the algae starts to appear again.

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Efflorescence

Diagnostic tree

Generally whitish, powdery or whisker-like crystals on the surface. Efflorescences are generally poorly cohesive and commonly made of soluble salt crystals (NaCl)

DAMAGE

EFFLORESCENCE

DEFECT

HIGH LEVEL OF HUMIDITY AROUND THE AREA

BIRTH OF A NEW SUPERFICIAL LAYER ON THE SURFACE

CHROMATIC CHANGING ON THE SURFACE

PRESENCE OF MICRO ORGANISMS

ORIGIN

ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS

TEMPERATURE RANGES WATER FLOW

GROWING OF MOULD ON THE EXTERNAL LAYER

ABSENCE OF A PROTECTIVE LAYER ON THE SURFACE

CRACKS & CRUMBLING EXPOSE MORE SURFACES TO EXTERNAL AGENTS

VEGETATION ATTACKS THE MORTAR

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

ROUGHY CHARACTERISTIC ON THE SURFACE PROFILE

ADVANTAGEOUS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

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IF 09

efflorescence

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: MORTAR Position: VERTICAL Orientation: EXTERNAL FACADE

East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION An efflourescence consists in a generally witish, powdery or wisker-like crystals on the surface. Efflorescence are commonly poorly cohesive and made of soluble salts crystals (NaCl). In the presence of water, these compound (containing salts) gradually migrate to the wall surface, where they remain when the water evaporates, condensating into solids.The presence of salts coincide to a lack of mortar. The mortat is missing due to wheathering, as well as corrosion drived by the chemical formation of the solid salts. The situation is dangerous both archeologically and structurally. The mortar is decaying and slowly disgragating, hence the risk of walls structural breakdown (with the fall of one or more stones) and irreversible change in the appereance. SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The scope of the intervention is to eliminate the solid salts condensed in the wall and prevent any irreversible damage for the stones and the entire wall. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Cleaning with manual brush 2. Usage of stiff brush 3. Application of deionized water (low pressure) 4. Cleaning with pack cellulose 5. Insertion of new plaster 6. Protection with water-repellent REQUIRED MATERIALS Deionized water pack cellulose New mortar with better mechanical and weather resisting characteristics

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PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. The first step is to clean the surface with a manual brush in order to take away all the superficial salts. 2. Deeper cleaning with a stiff brush, to assure an accurate removal of all the solid salts, with the remaning of the micro-salts attached to the stone surface. 3. Applciation of deionized water (with low pressure, in order not to generate other damages), eliminating the remainig salts. These types of surface deposits are generally water soluble and can usually be removed by washing the wall with water from a garden hose supplemented by scrubbing with a stiff bristle brush. 4. Cleaning of the surface of the stone using a pack cellulose. 5. Injection of the new glass reinforced mortar in the mortar-missing part. The mortar is injected slowly and carefully untill it has reached a sufficient deepnes, without overlapping the stone surfaces. 6. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers, applyed with the specific brush. NOTES

WARNINGS MAINTENANCE Since the main cause of the efflorenscence is the combination between the salts present in the environment and the stones, with the humidity or directly with the water, it is necessary to guarantee a periodical cleaning with water and protection. Every 10-12 months it is necessary to clean the surface again with a manual brush and with deionized water after, in order to eliminate all the salts deposits in the surface. Than itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important to protect the surface again with a coat of water-repellent which make it harder for the salts to condensate.

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Botanic Plant

Diagnostic tree

Vegetal element with his own structure, capable to support an external load.

DAMAGE

BOTANIC PLANT

ORIGIN

ANTHROPIC REASONS

DEFECT

LACK OF MAINTENANCE

CONTACT WITH SOIL -CAPILLAR INFILTRATION

VEGETATION SPREADS GROWING FROM SOIL

INSECTS7ANIMALS BRINGS SEEDS ON MORTAR SURFACES AND/OR FRACTURES

AIR BRINGS SEEDS INTO EXISTING FRACTURES AND HOLES

UNCORRECT SLOPE OF THE ELEMENTS - STRUCTURAL LOSSES (NO ROOF) -

ATMOSPHERIC ACTION

GRASS NEARBY ATTRACT AND PERMIT THE RUNAWAY GROWTH OF SPECIES

DEPOSIT OF GRASS MICRO ORGANISMS IN THE AREA AROUND

WATER DEPOSIT

PLANT GROWING ON MORTAR

PLANT GROWING FROM SOIL

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IF 10

botanic plant

Technological element: FOUNDATION Degradated material: STONE-GROUND- MORTAR Position: HORIZONTAL Orientation: WALL TOP

North East facade

DESCRIPTION OF ACTUAL CONDITION Invasive plants with considerable dimension, it grows spontaneously especially in the southern part. They are also growing from crakcs in the mortar and in lacunas between stones. The roots can cause dangerous damage for all the foundation SCOPE OF THE INTERVENTION The Intervention aims to eliminate entirely the plant. Preserve and maintain the durabiliry of the entire structure. INTERVENTION PHASES 1. Eradiaction of the plan with sawing machine. 2. Removing by manual tools the roots untill is possible (preserve the wall is the first goal) 3. Application of biocide 4. Cleaning with stiff brush. 5. Usage of deionized water spray with low pressure (if necessary) 7. Protection with water-repellent solution REQUIRED MATERIALS 1. Sawing machine 2. Biocide 3. Sorhum Brush with hard bristles. 4. Fluoropolymers water-repellent PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION 1. Remove the plant by the use of a sawing machine, depending of the dimension of the plant. Clean and try to remove as much roots as possible, if they are not to enshrined/rooted inside the wall. 2. Application of a biocide fluid in order to eliminate the remaining organic presence in the surface and in the small cracks chara cterizing the mortar. 3. Removal of the small remains of the plants, mortar dust and detached grains with a sorghum brush, using very smooth and carefull movements, not to generate other damages in the mortar. 5. Protect the conservation intervention with a coat of water-repellent made of fluoropolymers, applyed with the specific brush.

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NOTES Be sure that during the phase nÂ° 2 the removal of the roots not compromize the stability of the mortar. WARNINGS

MAINTENANCE In order to mantain the wall clean and avoid new formation of grass which can growth in plant, in the mortar on the top of the foundations; it is necessary every 9-10 months to brush the surface with a stiff brush. It is preferable, than, to apply a new coat of biocide and water-repellent solution, just mind to do it on a dry day.

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INTERVENTION MAPPING Conservation approach require an advanced level of accuracy therefore we related all the surface mapping carried out during the analysis phase to the damage origin and thence to the specific intervention required. Here there is an example of this analysis, to the complete one refer to drawings 2.IM (scale 1:50) and 3.IM (scale 1:20).

Conservation Intervention

Treatment legend

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CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERVENTION IN CASTEL GRUMELLO. CITY OF SONDRIO (LO)

VALORISATION PROJECT

ALONSTEVA KSENIA SECCHI GABRIELE STERLE ENRICO SUARDI ANDREA VORONOVA KSENIA MASTER IN BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING POLITECNICO DI MILANO POLO DI LECCO

Castel Grumello (So) Valorisation project: The valorisation project takes energy directly from the castle, we like to refer as instance to Michelangeloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thought that the sculpture was already inside the piece of marble and he was just the craft man translating it following material characteristics. We prepared a bespoke suit tailored to connect existing elements such as history of the castle and wine-yard tradition which have shaped the site for centuries.

Concept in bullet points: CONNECTION: castle accessible for everybody: local and visitors are visually and fiscally connected (and, of course, circulation made easily accessible for disabled people) HISTORY: space used to recount Castle past WINE: zones for the celebration of local wine and products. According to this main concept we proceeded identifying criteria to sculpture the castle pursuing our aim. The connection once again becomes either visual and fiscal as we intend to create a connecting promenade extended from side to side of the castle and encountering a series of activities which bring attention to the castle as an excuse to show its historical relevance.

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Key Criteria identified:

History telling: we consider fundamental to investigate the past and educate new and old generation

Landscape integration: the new design need to be respectful of the environment appearing as natural and light as possible even though should be clearly recognisable in order to avoid misunderstandings of the project. The new design should be fully removable and should not corrupt in any way the existing ruins. We seek connection between inner and outer space, built and natural environment.

Zero volume architecture: we believe that the castle is beautiful as it is and it doesn’t need additional facilities so it would be great to don’t corrupt its appearance and consequently its feeling on the contrary would be great to emphasise original volumes and dimensions.

Entertainment: we want an effective project so we give a reason to come here. We connect fun and education or, maybe, we make education fun. All would be an excuse to showcase the castle.

Wine celebration: everything here speaks about it, the soil the terraces the local producers and even the name of the castle itself it is borrowed for a wine label. If we want a projects which really takes inspiration from the castle this is a point that can’t be missed out.

A place of everybody: this is a piece of cultural heritage thus everybody should have the chance to use it.

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References: According to our concept and criteria it is clear that we needed some tool to reproduce the ancient volume but without creating new constructions, consequently our researches seek examples of works playing with tends, tensostructure and light installations. Castello di Segonzano, Trento UNA2 architetti associati, Jacopo Tabarelli De Fatis The project present a situation similar to our: an isolated castle which needed a conservation action and a new function to redevelop it. Their solution is to introduce an entrainment area inside the ruins using a low budget and being mimetic from outside but declaring itself once you get closer. What is interesting for us is the technical nature of the intervention which is fully removable and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need foundations and consequently doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t corrupt the site. Inside the castle there is a wooden platform which create a sitting area for visitors and a stage for performances. The tends which complete the structure have light metal pillars combined with wire-tie that consequently does not require drilling inside the ruins but is attached to the platform. We will re propose both of these elements combined with a connecting wooden path from the east to the west side of the castle. Critic/differences to our project: this is a great technical solution but it is not fitting nor reminding the history of the castle.

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Lake Austin Boat Dock MirĂ˛ Rivera Architects This references have been useful to further checking of tensostructure functioning and to see how material are treated. Depending on how we observe the project we either feel the volume or the transparency which is a truly interesting feature as we wish to remind the original essence of the castle without rebuilding a fake structure. Critic/differences: this is a new building that recreate its own design, we would reuse materials and details in similar way but we wish to dissimulate even more our intervention.

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Mirador - Restauración de un torreón árabe I. Vila Almazàn, A. Virseda Aizpun, J. I. Carnicero Alonso-Colmenares A delicate intervention for a refurbishment of an Arabic tower where the landscape and the view becomes central. We are interested in this for its capacity to keep the original appearance of the building and we whish to recreate something similar to generate visual connections with the city of Sondrio.

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Les VoĂťtes Filantes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; or The Shooting Vaults Atelier YokYok The installation captured our attention as it has the right balance between the power of recreation of a new volume and transparency. Critic/differences: the purpose of the intervention is different, we want to use this wire volumes to recreate metaphorically the old volumes.

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INTERVENTION Accessibility Castel Grumello nowadays is not considered as a strategic point for the area but it easy to reach anyway. It is setted on an hump 3.5 Km away from Sondrioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s railway station that means 50 minute by foot or 10 minutes by car. The bus stop is less than 10 minutes walking distance. We take advantage from the Sentiero Valtellina which is passing by our castle (on valley level) and we take it as an excuse to bring people inside.

CASTEL MASEGRA

SONDRIO STATION

RAILWAY

ROAD

CASTEL

STATION

A bespoke bus stop would be advantageous so we would propose this to STPS, the society who manage public transport in Sondrio. This would be a 0 cost intervention. Car accessibility is easy but it presents a lack of parking nevertheless we decided to donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t intervene in these sense trying to promote slow mobility (sentiero valtellina) and public mobility.

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People who has handicap are obviously welcomed and we decided to solve accessibility issue guaranteeing a secondary car access directly to the restaurant present in the east side of the castle. The existing street has a gentle slope which is suitable for disable without car support indeed it has a maximun slope of 9% (10% is the max acceptable for renovation interventions). The level reached with this street is on the basement of the restaurant building thus we would place a platforms to reach the top level of the restaurant. This decision has been taken after a careful study of slopes which indicated that a continuous ramp from the entrance would have been technically difficult since the paths itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not regular and pretty long. This solution revealed to be more expensive due to its bespoke characteristic rather than the simple ramp proposed. Thinking about aesthetic aspects we definitely recognised the access from the restaurant as a better solution since we keep unalterated the path that lead to the castle and which is the first approach to the site. As this entrance would appear difficult for the people who are coming by public transport a new entrance dedicated to disable people have been provided from the north side where now exist a secondary entrance with elevated slope. This entrance would bring up with an elevator to the platform level. Inside the castle the castle a continuous platform guarantees the accessibility for disable people. The platform which starts from the east castle and highlight all the castle experience is wooden made and is thought in order to donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have slopes over 8% . To achieve this objective is required to overpass the dip in between barracks and west castle with a flat path consequently we would create a footbridge part in little elevation. This part doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t present ruins according to our survey and documentation so some little pillars can be placed to sustain our intervention. New disable accessibility

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Technical design solutions: We enjoyed to play with the relations between new and old so we decided to alternate the evocation of original functions with the creation of new attractive features. The castle miss several parts which canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be replaced but they would be interesting to show or, at least to remember creating metaphorical volumes without physical impact. We treat this area with a design which create and dissimulates volumes at the same time, we have a light steel structure with nylon wires tended in between. Volume and transparency, solid but light. This idea would recreate the rooms of the central part reminding the volume occupied by barracks. Wire walls will characterise the tower of the west castle (which in the past was higher) and they will be used as evidence of a past wall/room inside the castle where incomplete walls appear. Connection is a key feature that links all the project from visual to physical point of view so the solution adopted should be the most representative of the environment. As we merge history of the castle and local tradition the obvious choice is to use a natural material that takes inspiration from it. A rock basement that uses castleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s materials have been refused for the risk to be misunderstood (and think that is original or at least ancient), because it affect directly the soil modifying the site and it is not really flexible. The wine offers us a fantastic flair with barrels that are universally recognised as a wine symbol linked to the local traditions and imagining to unroll one of this we just obtain a perfect walkway. The wooden platforms and walkway described in the accessibility chapter would be solved with a low tech solution in order to create the least impact. There are three layers: the basement stones to separate wood from soil humidity, the main wooden beam and wooden strips which creates the pavement. The electrical connection for lighting and other facilities have been hidden in a duct that runs parallel to the main beams. In order to extend the possible usage of the site and to provide more comfort during hot days we propose a tend system for shading or shelter from rain. This system would use the same technology displayed in the references of Castello di Segonzano with wire tile connected to the pillar and all supported by the wooden platform in order to donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t drill in the castle. On the west side of Castle Grumello we establish a visual connection with the city of Sondrio using a panoramic platform which is extended from the west side of the castle.

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Sustainability: The project as previously stated tries to involve as many different kind of people as possible including all the hours of the day and all the days of the week. This approach is taken either to spread as much as possible the castle and to have a wider range of user who would bring money using the castle. During weekdays scholarships and a typical cultural tourism is welcomed, weekend probably would attract people for an outdoor trip and pic nic, during evening we propose events, special dinners, cinema and other entratainments.

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GRUMELLO CASTLE PROMENADE Castel Grumello have been turned into a fantastic promenade where people meet, enjoy new experiences, learn or simply love too chill out. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have a walk inside and explore it. Once arrived at the castle base you will immediately recognise the tower which as everybody can easily guess have been use as guard tower. After a short walk you get to the main entrance and you start to enter the history of the castle.

Info point: entering the history of the castle The platform which welcomes the visitors is adapted to the existing slopes and is thought an educational/relaxing area. The platform with its different heights naturally invite you to explore and eventually will lead to the tower guard where we decided to keep the actual viewpoint function guaranteeing a stunning belvedere.

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Entering the central part of the castle you will join the wine experience which links together the castle and its surrondings.

Wine experience means rouse your senses and feel the environment being softly melted with it feeding your soul your your body and your sociality

Entering the castle you would find the local products and the botanic garden displaying some of the amazing indigenous vegetations of the area This and other areas are studied to give to anyone a perfect spot: a view, the smell of flowers or just a place to sit and enjoy a glass of good Grumello wine with friends.

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Metaphorical rebirth of the barracks: You will rich the part of the ruin which your fantasy is more free to run. We display inside educational videos and the hypothetical reproduction of an old barrack.

Wine experience: walking along the promenade you would meet a platform dedicated to wine where you can get some wine kept in the barrels under-knee.

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Pic-nic area: the castle is for everyone! We need to provide function which make people finance the conservation but we welcome everybody!

Metaphorically rebuild original volumes!

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It is fundamental to keep historyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s signs so as outside we rebuild tower inside we reproduce ancient partitions. This was the residence of the Lords and as it was happening at that time you would enjoy a luxurious dinner.

You can join us throught the connection of Sentiero Valtellina! This existing connection is supported through bespoke events

Entrainment area! Come and enjoy a series of event ranging from film, concert, conferences and lot more

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Just around the corner from the performance stage there is an amazing panoramic platform overlooking Sondrio and guaranteeing a visual connection with it.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Professor’s lectures and meeting with professionals have been the base of our work, though we consulted these sources: Books

“Per il restauro del castello de Piro al Grumello”

Mario Docci, Diego Maestri. Manuale di rilevamento architettonico e urbano. Bari: Laterza Editori,

FAI

2010.

“Raccomandazioni NorMaL-1/88. Alterazioni macroscopiche dei materiali lapidei: lessico”, CNR-

ICR, 1990, Roma

E. WM. Heinrich (1956): Microscopic Petrografy. Mcgraw-hill book company,inc

Bishop A.C., Woolley A.R. & Hamilton W.R. (1999). Cambridge Guide to Minerals, Rocks and Fos-

sils

ICOMOS Monuments_and_Sites_15_ISCS_Glossary_Stone

“Stone Conservation - an overview on current research” Eric Dohene, Clifford A Price

“Trattato di restauro achitettonico” Paolo Crabonara, UTET

Websites

www.comune.sondrio.it/site/

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