Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
Into the world of Propaganda Today and Yesterday Through Joseph Goebbels and more.
Joseph Goeb Today and Yesterday Through Joseph Goebbels and more.
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Into the world of Propaganda
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Into the world of Propaganda
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Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
Joseph Goebbels 1897 - 1945 German Nazi Party member Joseph Goebbels became Adolf Hitler’s propaganda minister in 1933, which gave him power over all German radio, press, cinema, and theater. In 1925 Goebbels met the party leader Adolf Hitler. In 1926 he was made Gauleiter, or party leader, for the region of Berlin, and in 1927 he founded and became editor of the official National Socialist periodical Der Angriff (The Attack). He was elected to the Reichstag, the German parliament, in 1928. By exploiting mob emotions and by employing all modern methods of propaganda Goebbels helped Hitler into power.
His work as a propagandist materially aided Hitler’s rise to power in 1933. When Hitler seized power in 1933, Goebbels was appointed Reichsminister for propaganda and national enlightenment. From then until his death, Goebbels used all media of education and communications to further Nazi propagandistic aims, instilling in the Germans the concept of their leader as a veritable god and of their destiny as the rulers of the world. In 1938 he became a member of the Hitler cabinet council. Late in World War II, in 1944, Hitler placed him in charge of total mobilization.
As Reichsminister for Propaganda and National Enlightenment, Goebbels was given complete control over radio, press, cinema, and theater; later he also regimented all German culture. Goebbels placed his undeniable intelligence and his brilliant insight into mass psychology entirely at the service of his party. His most virulent propaganda was against the Jews. As a hypnotic orator he was second only to Hitler, and in his staging of mass meetings and parades he was unsurpassed. Utterly cynical, he seems to have believed only in the self-justification of power. He remained loyal to Hitler until the end. On May 1, 1945, as Soviet troops were storming Berlin, Goebbels committed suicide.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda GOEBBELS’ PRINCIPLES OF PROPAGANDA
Propagandist must have access to intelligence concerning events and public opinion. 2. Propaganda must be planned and executed by only one authority. a. It must issue all the propaganda directives. b. It must explain propaganda directives to important officials and maintain their morale. c. It must oversee other agencies’ activities which have propaganda consequences. 3. The propaganda consequences of an action must be considered in planning that action. 4. Propaganda must affect the enemy’s policy and action. a. By suppressing propagandistically desirable material which can provide the enemy with useful intelligence. b. By openly disseminating propaganda whose content or tone causes the enemy to draw the desired conclusions. c. By goading the enemy into revealing vital information about himself. d. By making no reference to a desired enemy activity when any reference would discredit that activity.
5. Declassified, operational information must be available to implement a propaganda campaign.
11. Black rather than white propaganda may be employed when the latter is less credible or produces undesirable effects.
6. To be perceived, propaganda must evoke the interest of an audience and must be transmitted through an attention-getting communications medium.
12. Propaganda may be facilitated by leaders with prestige.
7. Credibility alone must determine whether propaganda output should be true or false. 8. The purpose, content and effectiveness of enemy propaganda; the strength and effects of an expose; and the nature of current propaganda campaigns determine whether enemy propaganda should be ignored or refuted. 9. Credibility, intelligence, and the possible effects of communicating determine whether propaganda materials should be censored. 10. Material from enemy propaganda may be utilized in operations when it helps diminish that enemy’s prestige or lends support to the propagandist’s own objective.
13. Propaganda must be carefully timed. a. The communication must reach the audience ahead of competing propaganda. b. A propaganda campaign must begin at the optimum moment. c. A propaganda theme must be repeated, but not beyond some point of diminishing effectiveness. 14. Propaganda must label events and people with distinctive phrases or slogans. a. They must evoke desired responses which the audience previously possesses. b. They must be capable of being easily learned. c. They must be utilized again and again, but only in appropriate situations. d. They must be boomerang-proof. 15. Propaganda to the home front must prevent the raising of
false hopes which can be blasted by future events. 16. Propaganda to the home front must create an optimum anxiety level. a. Propaganda must reinforce anxiety concerning the consequences of defeat. b. Propaganda must diminish anxiety (other than concerning the consequences of defeat) which is too high and which cannot be reduced by people themselves. 17. Propaganda to the home front must diminish the impact of frustration. a. Inevitable frustrations must be anticipated. b. Inevitable frustrations must be placed in perspective. 18. Propaganda must facilitate the displacement of aggression by specifying the targets for hatred. 19. Propaganda cannot immediately affect strong counter-tendencies; instead it must offer some form of action or diversion, or both.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
Nazi Propaganda After the defeat of Germany in the First World War, military officials such as Erich Ludendorff suggested that British propaganda had been instrumental in their defeat. Adolf Hitler came to echo this view, believing that it had been a primary cause of the collapse of morale and the revolts in the German home front and Navy in 1918. Later, the Nazis adapted many British propaganda techniques during their time in power. Most propaganda in Germany was produced by the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Joseph Goebbels was placed in charge of this ministry shortly after Hitler took power in 1933. All journalists, writers and artists were required to register with one of the Ministry’s subordinate chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theatre, film, literature or radio.
Hitler met nearly every day with Goebbels to discuss the news, and Goebbels would obtain Hitler’s thoughts on the subject. Goebbels then met with senior Ministry officials to pass down the official Party line on world events. Broadcasters and journalists required prior approval before their works were disseminated. Along with posters, the Nazis produced a number of films and books to spread their beliefs.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Recruiting: Wehrmacht (Regular Army)
Tanks, Your Branch of Service
1944 Sign up for a voluntary military service in a tank Grenadier Division Fernherrnhalle
Luftwaffe (Air Forces)
Luftwaffe
Our Luftwaffe
Enlist to a volunteer military service with the “Feldherrnhalle� Grenadier Regiment
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Kriegsmarine (Navy)
Commit to German War Navy
How do i get into the Navy Out to the Sea! Fame of the Netherlands revived, Enlist to the War Navy
Waffen SS (Fighting SS)
SS is calling You
Waffen SS
Common will: The Victory! Working Men are called to Waffen SS. Enlist Now
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Waffen SS Foreign Divisions
Against Bolshevism, Volunteer Legion “Netherlands�
Be one of us Nordic! The Norwegian Ski Hunter Battalion
Corat of Herceg-Bosnia! SS You Too!, Your comrades are waiting for you in the French division of the Waffen-SS
Common front against Bolshevism
For Denmark, Against Bolshevism
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Women in Service
Women in the Anti-Aircraft Defense
Help for the Victory in Female Signals Auxiliary
Volksturm (People’s Army)
For Freedom and Life, People’s Army
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth)
Summer Sport Competitions of Hitler-Jugend
1943 Youth, join the forces of air defense!
From Hitler-Youth to officer in the Army, Your Path!
Performance show, the Thuringian Hitler Youth in 1939
Youth Serves the F端hrer
We all help with! War effort of the Hitler Youth!
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Bund Deutscher M채del (League of German Girls)
German girl, join as kindergarten helper at NSV
BDM in Hitler Jugend
German Girls
BDM in Hitler Jugend
10 years old girl, join the BDM
DBM
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Gear and Vehicles
Mercedes-Benz
Our German Railways 1943 Auto Union. Automobielen, Motorrijwielen, Motoren
Health
Stay Away! Washing makes wound worse. , Let me bind it Left: Friends in War, Friends Forever, NSKOV
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Anti-Enemy
Everything is fine‌ Lady Marchioness
Never! Due to a Germany’s Struggle and efforts, is Europe save from Bolshevism (White Russian)
Anti-American, Anti-Jewish
The Bolshevism, A large anti-Bolshevist show in Karlsruhe
Leon Trotsky, A Jew
A Jewish conspiracy against Europe!
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Fighting and Morale
Appointed to Battle, Author of Peace
Victory, The Crusade Against Bolshevism
German, for You! Beach-Head, Death’s Head!
The German Soldier is a guarantee for victory (Polish)
Liberation of Germany
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Production
You are the Front
1944 Your Work secures the Victory!
Comrade Worker, You are fighting with us, Keep your Working Capacity!
Finance
1941 Day of the German Police
1940 Make donations to the German Red Cross
1940 The New Youth shows it’s virtue, it’s deliberately saving money on heir savings books
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Careless Talk
The Enemy is Listening!, Silence is Your Duty!
Hans wrote, his division has arrived to‌ Ssh! Enemy is listening!
Alarm, Enemy is listening (Movie Poster)
Alarm!, enemy is listening
Silence!!! = no babbling!, The Enemy is listening!!
The Enemy is Listening!
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Home Front
1943 Used Paper Collection
Out with the old clothes and shoes!
Crusade-Day for NSDAP
Donate to the NSDAP’s collection of books for our armed forces
Blackout!
Day of the Firefighters
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters Covers of the Nazi magazine Der Schulungsbrief (1942 - 1943)
Der Schulungsbrief, Germany and Europe will win
Der Schulungsbrief, Work leads us to victory
Der Schulungsbrief, With the plow and the sword to our common victory
Der Adler: Official Propaganda Magazine of the Luftwaffe
Der Adler Heft 15, 21 Juli 1942
Der Adler Heft 1, 8 Januar 1942
Der Adler Heft 5, 3 M채rz 1942
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda Nazi Propaganda Posters NS Frauen-Warte: Official National Socialistic Women’s Magazine
NS Frauen Warte 1942-1943 Heft 18 August 1943
NS Frauen Warte 1941-1942 Heft 15
NS Frauen Warte 1941-1942 Heft 17 April
NS Frauen Warte 1942-1943 Heft 2 July
NS Frauen Warte 1942-1943 Heft 16 Juni 1843
NS Frauen Warte 1940 Heft 18
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda “never loose sight of the fundamental principle of all propaganda, the constant repetition of the most effective arguments.” “Our principle must always be, never hold your tongue: always say something. If need be, force our enemy to loose themselves in denials instead of spewing out still more lies. Denials must always be categoric.”
“Its most importance principle must be to put a resolute and confident fave, to show no signs of weakness.”
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
Distinction of Propaganda Propaganda depending on the source from which, divided into White, Grey and Black.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
White Propaganda White is the propaganda Disadvantages of White that the source is obvious, Propaganda the audience - target because they recognized and solemnly in 1.arerepel the “voice of the enemy�. 2. subject to the limitations of the policy, messages. Advantages of White Propaganda
1. add prestige to the messages and inspire confidence, because they come from an official source. 2. not impinge on safety, because does not try to conceal the identity . 3. Has the ability to use all means of Psychological Operations for updating the target audience.
conducted by the official state. 3. reduce its effectiveness, because restrictive measures are taken by the opponent.
The Americans used va lot the White Propaganda during the Second World War, to bring down the morale of soldiers and civilians of an opposing state. Japanese military UNITS send sad poet leaflets, which were intended to emphasize to the soldiers that they will destroy their homes.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
Black Propaganda Black Propaganda when it Possibilities of Black Restrictions of Black seemed to be from within Propaganda Propaganda black propaganda support the carry- Black Propaganda has the following disthe country of the enemy, The ing out covert operations after: advantages: creats the impression, that 1. To devise and put into circulation in the 1. loses decent if the source is revealed. hostility. 2. There are strict limitations on the consubversive organizations or country 2. Assist in the morale of the enemy, argu- duct for safety reasons, limited flexibility. forces within the area are ing that there is disagreement and indis- 3. You run too big risks to be exposed and in its ranks. neutralized, when conducted by a person acting. Mainly based on ac- cipline 3. to draw up and traffic on message that who works within the enemy territory. curate intelligence. The use will generate the enemy the impression he diapers, contradicting. is suitable by the strategic that 4. to be less effective on hostile propaganpsychological operations. da, because circulates in a secret manner. 5. exploit issues that can not be seen with White Propaganda.
During the Second World War, the Germans succeeded secretly to convince many French soldiers, that a French expedition went to Germany to armistice. This had a very detrimental effect on the French. When these rumors went among the contact portions, many French soldiers wondered “why to hold the trenches and killed today, afterall the war will end tomorrow.� As a reply they received a stormy German advance towards Paris.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
Grey Propaganda Grey Propaganda does not Possibilities of Grey appear, that comes from a Propaganda Used with skill can: particular source. 1. acceptable, because avoids
Restrictions of Grey Propaganda
1. the reliability of Grey Propaganda is to be limited because of the mysterious source. 2. losing credibility and becomes very vulbranded as “hostility propaganda”. Presents the following features and lim- 2. use sentimentality issues that do not af- nerable to antipropaganda. fect the validity of the source. itations. 3. to present new subjects, without revealing where they come from.
US troops, who were in Italy during the Second “World War, circulated a notice where on the left had sketch of a disable man, who was selling apples in America. Over the top of the image was written: ” BUY AN APPLE “and at the bottom was written ” BROTHER GIVE A PENI FOR ME”. This notice is the source term, although not resulting from any specific indications or marks are purely German and belongs to Gray Propaganda.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda
The contemporary propaganda The contemporary propagandist is able to use a wide range of signs, symbols and implements in order to pass his message. To succeed, he intentionally uses certain events, arguments and symbols and presents them in a way that will give him the best possible result. He intentionally leaves behind, transforms or belittles any other relevant information and tries to turn the attention of people absolutely at his own propaganda. The signs that he is using contain sounds (words or quotes, music, sound effects), gestures with symbolic character (military salutation, raised thumb, nose holding etc.), positions of the body, special constructions (a memorial, a building) clothing (a uniform, an elegant dress), special hairstyle, any visible signs (a poster, a flag, a hammer and sickle sign, a pentacle) and so on. Now, the implements that he could use to pass his messages are numerous and along with his fantasy and his ingenuity, he can find a lot more. The verbal implements contain the utterance, the conversation, the slogan, the motto, the whisper, the rumors, and the utterance in radio and television. The written implements contain newspapers, books, magazines, the letters (open and privates), carefully chosen abstracts from all those imple-
ments (in order to prove what the propagandist wants, even if it does not presented according to the beliefs of the author), placards, leaflets, proclamations, posters, advertisements in the streets and via the public transportation, announcement boards and writing on the wall.
epigraphs and colors (for example red for excitement, green for calmness, white for purity, black for fear or mourning etc.). Furthermore, let’s recall the reunions, the protests, the demonstrations, the funerals of personalities (for example George Papandreou’s or Karamanlis’ funerals), bands, marches, national and religious symbols (flag, cross, national anthem), presentations, parades, national days, competitions (for example the beauty competition, that creates silly standards), the exhibitions (art exhibitions etc.), artistic shows, the fund-raisings (by the political parties, religious, for example “for the construction of the church”, social, for example organized by the Red Cross, Anticancer Organizations etc.), the festivals (music festivals, for example).
Other implements are the art of sculpture, the art of painting, the music (powerful implement as to how it uses rhythm and lyrics, as well as the culture and the subculture that it diffuses. As once Goebbels said: “The first propagandist is the percussionist”), the poetry, the dance (dance clubs, ballet, dance groups, dance events, dancing nights), the architecture, the memorials, the statues, the temples, the design, the theater (especially skits, but also serious plays) and cinema (another powerful implement, which, along with the western music that excites the young Finally, one could say that in the same people, has imposed the American way range we could include the legal luck of life to the whole world). games (lottery tickets, lotto, joker, sweepstake, that is also a type of unaccomAlso, the radio, the television, the fashion, plished promises and complacency), the the formal clothing (military men, po- international athletic conference (that licemen, politicians, rich men with smok- propagandize the winners’ country) and ins and elegant dresses at events), idols the popular sports (football, basketball, (from the music or the cinema framework that create the fanatic, strifeful fans who as idols of clothing, hairstyle and behav- are based on the simple idea that “we are ior), promises (that calm the conscious- the best and we should always win, even ness but are usually postponed or never if sometimes you win, we blow everything accomplished), the flattery, the fancy up and beat you all up”).
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda The contemporary propaganda Posters
The artist had to include it for its clever use of old Tory values and the play on the Scooby Doo gang’s unveiling of the monster. The Tory party now occupies 10 Downing Street, and David Cameron is now Prime Minister of United Kingdom. This poster shows the lack of faith in Cameron’s promise to be a force for change and not just another Thatcher.
The posters are based on old WWII propaganda posters but updated in their message to match today’s technology and Web culture.
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda The contemporary propaganda Posters
Joseph Goebbels & Propaganda The contemporary propaganda Posters