Ионина А.А., Саакян А.С.. Английская грамматика XXI века: Универсальный эффективный курс. 2-е издан

ÓÄÊ 811.111(075) ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-9 È 75

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Èîíèíà, Àííà Àëüáåðòîâíà. Àíãëèéñêàÿ ãðàììàòèêà XXI âåêà : óíèâåðñàëüíûé ýôôåêòèâíûé êóðñ / À.À. Èîíèíà, À.Ñ. Ñààêÿí. — 2-å èçäàíèå, äîïîëíåííîå. — Ìîñêâà : Ýêñìî, 2015. — 496 ñ. — (Èíîñòðàííûé ÿçûê: øàã çà øàãîì).

ISBN 978-5-699-71151-2 Ïîñîáèå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ âñåõ æåëàþùèõ îñâîèòü êóðñ áàçîâîé àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè è ðàçîáðàòüñÿ â åå ñëîæíîñòÿõ. Ñáàëàíñèðîâàííûé êóðñ îáó÷åíèÿ âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ ýôôåêòèâíîå èçó÷åíèå è òðåíèðîâêó ãðàììàòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà, à òàêæå îñâîåíèå ñîâðåìåííîé ëåêñèêè. Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíàÿ ïðîãðàììà êóðñà, åìêèå îáúÿñíåíèÿ, íàãëÿäíûå ïðèìåðû, ñõåìû è òàáëèöû äëÿ ëó÷øåãî çàïîìèíàíèÿ ïðîéäåííîãî ïîìîãóò ëåãêî óñâîèòü è ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàòü ìàòåðèàë. Ìíîæåñòâî óïðàæíåíèé — îò ðàçíîîáðàçíûõ òåñòîâûõ çàäàíèé äî ïåðåâîäîâ — íàïðàâëåíî íà òðåíèðîâêó è ïðèìåíåíèå ïîëó÷åííûõ çíàíèé íà ïðàêòèêå. Âñå çàäàíèÿ ïîñòðîåíû íà ñîâðåìåííîé ëåêñèêå. Ïîñîáèå ñòàíåò ïîëåçíûì äîïîëíåíèåì ê ëþáîìó ó÷åáíèêó, ïîìîæåò áûñòðî è ýôôåêòèâíî ïîäãîòîâèòüñÿ ê ýêçàìåíó, ïîâòîðèòü ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë ïåðåä çàðóáåæíîé êîìàíäèðîâêîé èëè ñòàæèðîâêîé. Îíî ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ âñåõ, êòî èçó÷àåò ÿçûê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî, ñ ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì, íà ÿçûêîâûõ êóðñàõ èëè â ó÷åáíîì çàâåäåíèè. ÓÄÊ 811.111(075) ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-9

ISBN 978-5-699-71151-2

© Èîíèíà À.À., Ñààêÿí À.Ñ., 2011 © ÎÎÎ «Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ýêñìî», 2014

Ñîäåðæàíèå Ïðåäèñëîâèå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Unit 1. Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (Pronouns) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Unit 2. Ãëàãîë tî be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Unit 3. It is — There is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Unit 4. Èìÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå (The Noun) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Unit 5. ×èñëî èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî (Number) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Unit 6. Òèïû âîïðîñîâ ñ ãëàãîëîì to be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Unit 7. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûé àðòèêëü (The Indefinite Article) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Unit 8. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (Indefinite Pronouns) some, any, no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Unit 9. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ a lot of, many, much . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Unit 10. Îïðåäåë¸ííûé àðòèêëü (The Definite Article) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Unit 11. Have/Have got (èìåòü ÷òî-òî, îáëàäàòü ÷åì-òî) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Unit 12. Ïàäåæ èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî (Ñase) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Unit 13. Ðîä èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî (Gender) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Unit 14. Ïðîñòîå íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (Present Simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Unit 15. Ïîâåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ (Imperative Sentences) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Unit 16. Íàñòîÿùåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ (Present Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Unit 17. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Unit 18. Ïðîñòîå ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ (Past Simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Unit 19. Ïðîøåäøåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Unit 20. Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû can, may . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Unit 21. Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû must, be to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Unit 22. Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû have to, should, ought to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Unit 23. Ìîäàëüíûé ãëàãîë need (to) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Unit 24. good — well, bad — badly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Unit 25. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Unit 26. Ïðîñòîå áóäóùåå âðåìÿ (Future Simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 3

Содержание

Unit 27. Áóäóùåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ (Future Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 28. Ïðèäàòî÷íûå âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ If — When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 29. tî be exciting — to be excited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 30. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 1 (Present Perfect 1) . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 31. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 2 (Present Perfect 2) . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 32. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 3 (Present Perfect 3) . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 33. have done — did . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 34. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ (Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 35. Èìÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå (The Adjective) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 36. Äâîéíûå ñòåïåíè ñðàâíåíèÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 37. Àðòèêëè ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè íàçâàíèÿìè. Ìèðîâàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 38. Àðòèêëè ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè íàçâàíèÿìè. Ãîðîäñêàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 39. Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü (Reported Speech) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 40. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 41. Àðòèêëè â íàçâàíèÿõ íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàí, íàöèîíàëüíîñòåé, æèòåëåé ñòðàíû è ÿçûêîâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 42. Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Perfect) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 43. Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 44. Ñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåì¸í . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 45. Íåñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåì¸í . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 46. Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã (The Passive Voice) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 47. Ñâîäíàÿ òàáëèöà ôîðì ñòðàäàòåëüíîãî çàëîãà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 48. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 49. Ïðîáëåìíûå ãëàãîëû (Problem Verbs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 50. ×èñëèòåëüíîå (The Numeral) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 51. (the) other, (the) others, another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 52. do — make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 53. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, îáîçíà÷àþùèìè ÷àñòè ñóòîê è âðåìåíà ãîäà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 54. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, îáîçíà÷àþùèìè ïðè¸ìû ïèùè (meals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 55. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè school, bed, town... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 56. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè âî ôðàçàõ ñ ïðåäëîãàìè in, with, like, as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 57. Àðòèêëè âî ôðàçàõ ñ ïðåäëîãîì of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 58. Àðòèêëè âî ôðàçàõ on foot, at home, by chance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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141 145 151 155 160 163 166 169 173 180 185 190 198 205 213 217 224 227 232 236 241 245 252 256 261 265 268 272 276 279 282 285

Содержание

Unit 59. 1. Àðòèêëè ñ óíèêàëüíûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Îáîáùàþùåå (ðîäîâîå) çíà÷åíèå àðòèêëåé; èçîáðåòåíèÿ, æàíðû, òåðìèíû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 60. Àðòèêëè ñ ëè÷íûìè èìåíàìè (èìåíà è ôàìèëèè ëþäåé) . . . . . . .

Unit 61. Àðòèêëè ñ íàçâàíèÿìè áîëåçíåé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 62. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè â ôóíêöèè ïðèëîæåíèÿ è ïðåäèêàòèâà (÷àñòè ñîñòàâíîãî èìåííîãî ñêàçóåìîãî) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 63. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì fruit / fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 64. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 65. Âîçâðàòíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (myself, yourself...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 66. Ñîñëàãàòåëüíîå íàêëîíåíèå (The Subjunctive Mood, The Conditional Mood) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 67. I wish... (Âûðàæåíèå íåðåàëüíûõ ïîæåëàíèé) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 68. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 69. Èíôèíèòèâ (The Infinitive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 70. Ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå ( The Complex Object) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 71. Ãåðóíäèé (The Gerund) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 72. Èíôèíèòèâ è ãåðóíäèé (The Infinitive and the Gerund) . . . . . . .

Unit 73. Ïðè÷àñòèå I, II (Participle I, II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 74. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 75. Ïðåäëîãè (Prepositions). Ïðåäëîãè, âûðàæàþùèå ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 76. Ïðåäëîãè above/below, over/under; between/among. . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 77. Ïðåäëîãè, âûðàæàþùèå âðåìåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 78. be on/in time, arrive in/at, at, in the end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 79. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Ïðåäëîãè). Revision Prepositions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit 80. Ïðîâåðüòå ñåáÿ (Tests) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Êëþ÷è . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ïðèëîæåíèå 1. Ïðàâèëüíûå ãëàãîëû, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå îðôîãðàôè÷åñêèå òðóäíîñòè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ïðèëîæåíèå 2. Ïîëíûé ñïèñîê íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

288 289 293 296 300 303 307 314 318 324 330 338 344 349 354 359 365 371 375 378 382 385 392 399 478 480

Ïðåäèñëîâèå Ïðåäëàãàåìîå âàøåìó âíèìàíèþ ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå «Àíãëèéñêàÿ ãðàììàòèêà XXI âåêà» ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé êóðñ ãðàììàòèêè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ ñòàðøåêëàññíèêîâ, æåëàþùèõ ïîâòîðèòü, çàêðåïèòü è ðàñøèðèòü òå áàçîâûå çíàíèÿ â àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêå, êîòîðûå îíè ïîëó÷èëè â ñðåäíåé øêîëå. Îíî ìîæåò áûòü óñïåøíî èñïîëüçîâàíî ñòóäåíòàìè, îáó÷àþùèìèñÿ ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ ïîäãîòîâêè «Ëèíãâèñòèêà» (áàêàëàâðèàò), à òàêæå øèðîêèì êðóãîì ëèö, èçó÷àþùèõ àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî. Áîëüøóþ ïîìîùü êíèãà ìîæåò îêàçàòü ó÷èòåëÿì ñðåäíèõ øêîë, ãèìíàçèé, ðàçëè÷íûõ ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûõ êóðñîâ. Ïðèíöèï ïîñòðîåíèÿ ó÷åáíèêà äåëàåò åãî ìàêñèìàëüíî óäîáíûì â ó÷åáíîì ïðîöåññå, òàê êàê íàëè÷èå òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà â äîñòóïíîé ôîðìå è îáøèðíîãî ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïîçâîëÿåò ñäåëàòü ïðîöåññ îáó÷åíèÿ ÿçûêó îäíîâðåìåííî èíòåðåñíûì è ýôôåêòèâíûì. Íå áóäó÷è óâÿçàííûì íè ñ îäíèì ó÷åáíèêîì, äàííîå ïîñîáèå ìîæåò ãèáêî ñî÷åòàòüñÿ ñ ëþáûì áàçèñíûì êóðñîì àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. Ïîñîáèå ñîñòîèò èç 80 óðîêîâ, âêëþ÷àþùèõ òåîðåòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë è óïðàæíåíèÿ ðàçíîîáðàçíîãî õàðàêòåðà. Áîëüøîå ÷èñëî êîììóíèêàòèâíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ çàäàíèé äà¸ò âîçìîæíîñòü âûâåñòè â ðå÷ü ïîëó÷åííûå çíàíèÿ è íàâûêè. Ïîñîáèåì ìîæíî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàê ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèì êóðñîì, òàê êàê ìåòîäè÷åñêè îíî ïîñòðîåíî ïî ïðèíöèïó îò ïðîñòîãî ê ñëîæíîìó è îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîâòîðÿåìîñòü ïðîéäåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Îäíàêî ïðè æåëàíèè èì ìîæíî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ âûáîðî÷íî äëÿ ñíÿòèÿ òåõ èëè èíûõ òðóäíîñòåé. Ïîñëå ïðîõîæäåíèÿ îïðåäåë¸ííûõ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ 6

Предисловие

òåì äà¸òñÿ óðîê íà ïîâòîðåíèå, êîòîðûé ó÷èòåëü ìîæåò äàâàòü â âèäå òåñòîâ.  ïîñîáèè îòðàæåíû èçìåíåíèÿ è òåíäåíöèè â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïîñëåäíèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé. Ëåêñè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë óïðàæíåíèé è òåêñòîâ èìååò ñîâðåìåííîå çâó÷àíèå. Îí îñíîâàí íà ðåàëèÿõ íàøåé æèçíè, ôèëüìàõ, êíèãàõ, ïîïóëÿðíûõ ó ìîëîä¸æè.  ïîñîáèè äàíû îòâåòû íà ïðåîáëàäàþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî óïðàæíåíèé. Çàäàíèÿ, êîòîðûå íåîáõîäèìî âûïîëíèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ äàííûìè îáðàçöàìè, îòâåòîâ íå ñîäåðæàò, òàê êàê èõ âûïîëíåíèå íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò òðóäíîñòåé. Íàëè÷èå òåîðèè, ïîÿñíåíèé è êëþ÷åé ïîçâîëèò ó÷àùèìñÿ ýôôåêòèâíî îñóùåñòâèòü ñàìîêîíòðîëü è ñàìîêîððåêöèþ ïîëó÷åííûõ çíàíèé. Íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî ðàáîòà ïî äàííîìó ïîñîáèþ áóäåò äëÿ âàñ ïîëåçíîé è ïðèÿòíîé! Àâòîðû

Uni Unit U n nit ni iitt 1 Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ Pronouns Ëè÷íûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ Personal Pronouns

Единственное число

Множественное число

I you he, she, it

we you they

1-е лицо 2-е лицо 3-е лицо

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Именительный падеж The Nominative Case

Объектный падеж The Objective Case

I you he she it we they

me you him her it us them

Местоимения Продолжение табл.

Именительный падеж The Nominative Case

Объектный падеж The Objective Case

I have a new disc.

She sings well.

He works every day.

They have a lot of friends.

Give the disc to me.

Listen to her.

We know him.

They often meet them.

Ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ Possessive Pronouns

Притяжательные местоимения Личные местоимения

I you he she it we they I have a bike.

They built a house.

She has a friend.

It is a big city.

He wrote a text.

Совмещенная форма Местоимение + существительное

Абсолютная форма Местоимение без существительного

my your his her its our their

mine yours his hers — ours theirs

It’s my bike.

It is their house.

Tim is her friend.

Its history is interesting.

His mark was good.

The bike is mine.

This house isn’t theirs.

Tim is a friend of hers.

— The best test was his.

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UNIT 1

1.1. Употребите необходимые по смыслу личные местоимения.

A. 1. ................. do my work well. 2. ................. seldom water your flowers. 3. ...................... likes his job. 4. ...................... checks her e-mail regularly. 5. ...................... know our duties. 6. Do ...................... cook your own meals? 7. ................... often visit their relatives. 8. Do ...................... call your parents every day? 9. ...................... washes his car every week. 10. Is ................... sorry for her friends? 11. I like English, but I find ...................... difficult.

B. 1. I love ................... family. 2. You love .................. friends. 3. He loves ................. girl. 4. She cares for .................... boyfriend. 5. We must look after ...................... children. 6. They are worried about .................. future. 7. You can leave .................. things here. 8. It’s a very old theatre. .................. history is very interesting. 9. I read this book, but I don’t remember .................. author. 10. It’s a good dictionary, but .................. price is very high. 11. Mind ................... own business!

1.2. Употребите необходимые по смыслу личные местоимения.

1. Mrs. Grant is our teacher. ...................... is very competent. 2. Denis has a new bike. ...................... is cool. ...................... is happy. 3. Fred and I are cousins. ...................... are good friends. 4. The pupils are in class now. ...................... are taking a test. 5. My name is Victor. ...................... am your new manager. 6. I came to Moscow at five o’clock. My friends met ...................... at the station. 7. He loves you. Do you love ...................... ? 8. My Granny likes to come to our place. She spends ...................... weekends with ...................... . 9. Nobody knows these people. Do you know ...................... ? 10. Children should obey ...................... parents. Did you obey ...................... parents? 11. I am a good pupil. ...................... marks are excellent. 12. Martin hopes that ...................... life will be happy. 13. Nina spends ...................... holidays in the South. 14. Would you like ...................... to help you?...................... am ready to do ...................... . 15. — Where is ...................... travel card, Miss? — I’ve lost ...................... .

1.3. Употребите необходимые по смыслу личные местоимения.

1. Íå wanted her to go to a movie with ................................ . 2. Sveta loves ............................ dog. ...................... name is Rex. 3. The secret is 10

Местоимения

between you and ...................... . 4. His boss considered ...................... the best worker. 5. They are nice people. I like ............................. .

6. He ate an apple. ............................ was tasty. 7. I wonder whose file ............................. is? 8. I would like you to give ...................... phone number. 9. ...................... is five o’clock now. 10. Whose fax is ...................... ? 11. When you see Susan, give ...................... my best regards. 12. The cat ate ...................... food happily. 13. That’s ............................ e-mail. I have to read .................................. . 14. Your bag is beautiful. Is ...................... new? 15. I must hurry. ............................... friend is waiting for ............................... . 16. They may be late. Don’t wait for ...................... . 17. Let ...................... go to the cinema, shall ...................... ?

18. She invited us to ...................... party. ...................... were happy about it. 19. They called ...................... yesterday. I talked to ...................... with pleasure. 20. I lost ........................... keys. I hope I left .......................... at the office.

Личные Именительный падеж

I you he she it we you they

Притяжательные Объектный падеж

me you him her it us you them

Совмещенная форма

my your his her its our your their

Абсолютная форма

mine yours his hers — ours yours theirs

They told them (their friends) that their house was not theirs. It was their grandfather’s.

He asked him (Max) to take his car, because his was out of order.

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UNIT 1

Óêàçàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ Demonstrative Pronouns

Ед. число

this (этот, эта, это) this week, this year, this ile, this method, this child

that (тот, та, то) that week, that year, that ile, that method, that child

Мн. число

these (эти) these weeks, these years, these iles, these methods, these children

those (те) those weeks, those years, those iles, those methods, those children

Обозначают то, что ближе к говорящему во времени и пространстве

Обозначают то, что дальше от говорящего во времени и пространстве

This is our new building.

This way please.

I’m sorry to trouble you. — That’s all right.

Are you Mr. Grant? — Yes, that’s right.

Hello, this is Olga. Is this Julia? (в телефонных разговорах) one of these days («на днях» в отношении будущего)

1.4. Употребите нужную форму притяжательных местоимений.

1. This computer belongs to me. It’s ...................... . 2. Is this umbrella _____, Helen? — Yes, it’s ...................... umbrella. 3. Excuse me.

Is this my file or ...................... ? — It’s ...................... . 4. You check my test and I’ll check ...................... . 5. The cat washed itself with ...................... paws. 6. She is a cousin of ...................... . Our mothers are sisters. 7. He is a friend of ......................, Peter, isn’t he? 8. He asked ...................... a difficult question. I couldn’t answer ...................... .

12

Местоимения

9. She invited us to ...................... party. ...................... thanked ...................... .

10. They called ...................... yesterday. He called ...................... back at once. 11. The teacher told Boris that the best paper was ...................... . 12. You scratch ...................... back, and I’ll scratch ...................... (ïîñëîâèöà). 13. Helen is clever. That bright idea was ...................... . 14. This coffee is very good. I like ...................... smell.

15. They showed ...................... credit cards, but we couldn’t find.

1.5. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Ìîé êîìïüþòåð íå â ïîðÿäêå. Ìîæíî ÿ ïîðàáîòàþ íà òâî¸ì? 2. Ýòî èõ îøèáêà, íå íàøà. 3. Îí îäèí èç ìîèõ äðóçåé.

4. Ýòè äåíüãè âàøè. 5. Ìû äàëè èì íàø íîìåð òåëåôîíà, à îíè äàëè íàì ñâîé. 6. Åãî ìàøèíà íàïðîòèâ îôèñà, à ãäå æå ìîÿ? 7. Ó íåãî íå áûëî ñîòîâîãî òåëåôîíà, è îíà äàëà åìó ñâîé. 8. Ýòî òâîÿ ïðîáëåìà, íå íàøà. 9. — Èçâèíè, ÿ âçÿëà òâîþ ðó÷êó âìåñòî ñâîåé. — Âñ¸ â ïîðÿäêå. 10. Îíà ðàññêàçàëà ìíå ñâîþ èñòîðèþ, à ÿ åé ñâîþ. 11. Ñåé÷àñ ìû îòêðîåì íàøè ïîäàðêè, à çàòåì âçãëÿíåì íà âàøè. 12. Ýòîò êñåðîêñ âàø èëè åãî? 13. Èõ äîì áîëüøå, ÷åì íàø. 14. Åãî ãîëîñ ñèëüíåå, ÷åì å¸. 15. Ýòî òâîÿ ãîëîâíàÿ áîëü, íå ìîÿ. 16. Ðóêà ðóêó ìîåò.

1.6. Вставьте в пропуски указательные местоимения.

1. ...................... were happy days! 2. Who is ...................... over there?

3. ...................... shoes are too small for me. 4. ...................... is my neighbour, Tanya. 5. Do you like ...................... idea? 6. ...................... was so long ago. 7. Do you like ...................... photo? 8. You are so kind. ...................... why I like you. 9. Give me ...................... book from the shelf. 10. Who are ...................... people over there? 11. — Did you hear ...................... noise last night? — ...................... was the rain.

12. Who told you ...................... story? 13. I am so tired of ...................... life! 14. ...................... was a wonderful party, thanks. 15. Why did you choose ...................... magazines? 16. ...................... are my textbooks. 17. ...................... events changed her life. 18. ...................... news is great. 19. ...................... is very serious. 20. ...................... was your mistake.

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UNIT 1

1.7. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Ýòî òâîé äèñê, à ãäå æå ìîé? 2. Òâîÿ èäåÿ õîðîøàÿ, íî åãî ëó÷øå. 3. Ýòî ìîè äðóçüÿ. 4. Ýòî áûëè åãî ïîñëåäíèå ñëîâà.

5. Ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ ýòè òóôëè. 6. Ýòè ëþäè èç Àíãëèè, à òå ëþäè èç Ôðàíöèè. 7. Ýòîò âîïðîñ òðóäíûé, íî äóìàþ, ÷òî îòâå÷ó íà íåãî. 8. Ýòî áûëè ñ÷àñòëèâûå âðåìåíà! 9. — Ýòî áûëà áîëüøàÿ îøèáêà. — Äà, ýòî âåðíî. 10. Ýòî íîâûå âèäåîôèëüìû. Ïîñìîòðè èõ. 11. Ýòà ìàøèíà íå â ïîðÿäêå. 12. Ýòî ñëó÷èëîñü ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä. 13. — Ïðèâåò, ýòî Ñâåòà? (ïî òåëåôîíó) — Íåò, ýòî å¸ ñåñòðà Íàäÿ. 14. Íà ýòîé íåäåëå ÿ ïîéäó â òåàòð. 15. Ýòî áûëî óìíîå ðåøåíèå. 16. Ýòè ðàññêàçû î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûå.

17. ß íèêîãäà íå çàáóäó òîò äåíü! 18. Ýòîò ãîðîä òàêîé êðàñèâûé! 19. Ïîñìîòðè íà âîí òå êàðòèíû. 20. Áûòü èëè íå áûòü — âîò â ÷¸ì âîïðîñ. 21. Äàâàé âñòðåòèìñÿ íà äíÿõ. 22. ß ïîçâîíþ òåáå íà äíÿõ. 23. ß ÷àñòî ïîñåùàþ Ëîíäîí. ß ëþáëþ ýòîò ãîðîä. 24. — Ãäå âûõîä? — Ñþäà, ïîæàëóéñòà. 25. Ýòî ëåòî áûëî äîæäëèâûì. 26. Òå íîìåðà áûëè çàáëîêèðîâàíû. 27. Ýòè öèôðû íåâåðíû. 28. Ýòî âàøè äåíüãè. 29. Ýòî áûë î÷åíü ðèñêîâàííûé áèçíåñ. 30. Ýòî áûëè íàøè ëó÷øèå äåíüêè.

1.8 Прочитайте диалог и прокомментируйте выделенные слова.

AT THE OFFICE George: Whose flowers are these?

Fred: They are mine. They are for my wife. It’s our tenth anniversary today.

G.: Ours is in July, on the 25th of July, to be precise.

F.: So I’ve got these flowers for her. Does yours have flowers, too?

G.: Oh, yes. Mine always has flowers. They are always “With Love, From Me To You”.

F.: That’s very romantic. Does your wife have chocolates, too?

G.: Oh, yes, she always has milk chocolates on her anniversary.

She has a passion for them.

F.: It’s amazing, isn’t it? Mine has milk chocolates too, and they always have sweet centres.

G.: Extraordinary! Women are funny creatures.

F.: Theirs is a strange existence. On one day of the year they are romantic and for the rest of the year…

G.: Well, Happy Anniversary, Fred!

F.: Thank you, George, you are very kind.

Unit U n nit iitt 2 Ãëàãîë tî be «áûòü», íàõîäèòüñÿ, ñóùåñòâîâàòü, èìåòüñÿ My name is Denis.

I am twenty.

My parents are teachers.

I’m Russian.

My hobby is travelling.

We are happy.

You are right.

He is smart.

Число Ед. число

Мн. число

Утвердительная форма

I he she it we you they

am is

are

(I’m) (he’s) (she’s) (it’s)

I’m young. I am a student.

He is rich. He’s a businessman.

She’s my friend. She is very sweet.

It’s summer. It’s warm and sunny.

(we’re) (you’re) (they’re)

We’re your neighbours.

You’re our new programmers.

They’re tourists from Australia.

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