Asignment #2

The evolution of Murallas de Pamplona’s city wall thought the years.

Around 1324 - 1423 The city of La NavarrerĂ­a. .This is the oldest enclave of Pamplona. . Parish churches: the cathedral, where the kings were crowned. . Population: peasants from Navarre. It also contains the Jewish quarter.

The evolution of Murallas de Pamplona’s city wall thought the years.

1512 . The city comes under the control of Ferdinand the Catholic without putting up any resistance. . Fadrique Ă lvarez of Toledo, Duke of Alba, at the helm of the Castilian army, conquers Pamplona.

The evolution of Murallas de Pamplona’s city wall thought the years.

1571 - 1600 . For Philip II, the design of the fortifications of Pamplona is of paramount importance. . One of his finest military engineers, the Italian, Giacomo Palearo (Jacobo Palear) - known El Fratín - is entrusted to carry out the project to fortify Pamplona “in the modern style”. . To do so, he imitates the pentagonal fortresses built in Turin and Antwerp.

The evolution of Murallas de Pamplona’s city wall thought the years.

1685 . Although work on the Citadel is deemed to have been completed by 1645 once the five outer crescent fortifications have been finished, the defences will continue being improved throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. . The greatest change to the Citadel subsequent to its construction is the creation of two counterguards facing the countryside: that of Santa Clara and that of Santa Isabel.

The evolution of Murallas de Pamplona’s city wall thought the years.

1726 . The year 1726 is an extremely important milestone in the history of Pamplona: the engineer, Jorge Próspero de Verboom will deliver a general project for the Citadel and for the Plaza (the city’s enclosure) which will be continued throughout the 18th century.

Modern view of how the city walls looks like now.

The rules and types of all arches.

1. Semi circle.

2. Stilted semi circle.

3. Segmental.

4. Stilted segmental.

5. Horse shoe.

6. Stilted horse shoe.

7. Pointed equilateral.

8. Pointed lancet.

9. Pointed obtuse.

10. Pointed segmental.

11. Three centered.

12. Four centered.

13. Four centered.

14. Quasi four centered.

15. Ogee.

16. Ogee.

17. Trefoiled.

18. Trefoiled.

19. Pointed arch tripoliated.

20. Shouldered arch.

How to draw the pointed arch.

The pointed arch after its built.