MSc IUSD Integrated urbanism & Sustainable Design
The Peripheral Groups : Exploring Self-organized development in informal areas in Cairo Case study of Al Malqa – Helwan By : Mohamed Tantawy SUPERVISED BY : Prof. Mohamed Salheen , Dr. Ayat ismail
1. Background, Motivation: 1. The percentage of Informality in Egypt , and how the local inhabitants managed to organize them self to built and manage their needs . These informal settlements extent on 65 per cent from country’s area (Algohary & El-Faramwy, 2010), 2.Discover the Unpredictability and uncontrollability of the growing issue of informality in Egypt . 3.The application of this self organization in Case study in Al Malqa. As cost on the existing state structure .
1. Objective\ Question
The research objective is to explore the self-organization mechanisms in informal areas via analyze and the role of peripheral communities in the service providing and urban management in the process of initiation and resilience in the informal system.
2. The influence of local peripheral social Localization
groups on self organization process ?
3. Can self organization be adopted in the formal development plans ?
1. On development Is there only one way of development ? And to explore other
experimented options ?
Methodology Historical tracing of development notion Overview
Reflect it on the Egyptian case ?
framework Empirical Answers
Analysis tools to ( understand theoretical – explore)
Apply Self organization in Al Malqa case study
Findings of explorations
Chapter 2 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT MAINSTREAM
Chapter 2 1.Re-Questioning Development Methods :
Figure 7 Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth, Author, based on (Rostow,1959)
Figure 8 World System Theory between core- periphery , Author,2018 based on (I. Wallerstein 2004)
Global Cities: The Spatial Core Sassen addresses in her hypotheses for the global cities, inequalities, She focused on urbanism and political economy in the knowledge of the regulation, management, and servicing of spatially dispersed but globally
integrated economic activities) (SASSEN 2005). These tools are primary driven saskia sassen
by a capitalist states and global firms.
Post-development: Reification around the Core The Right to Development:
Figure 20 Flatten structures , Source : Author 2018
Post development stream
Suche , Escobar , Estava
Self-organization in Alternative Development [The grassroots postmodern] Esteva and Prakash (Esteva and Prakash 1999) discussing emergence of the global project of development is impossible and they promote the advantage of downsizing the development to be in the human \ community scale, they recognized that self-sufficiency and empowering the community with its aspects create a real chance improve the community capital with its needs [ thinking and acting locally ] is illustrate the future of community resilience and cross culture representation on the human rights, local based development tries to bridge the gap form with each culture as well between the norms and values. while forging solidarity with other local forces that share this opposition to the “global thinking” and “global forces” threatening local spaces.
1. Synthesis 1. Alternative development is no longer Alternative: “Alternative Development proposals offered new insights based on new concepts, discourses, and practices that purported a paradigm shift away from the economic emphasis of development. In this context, multiple alternative development proposals emerged and,
despite some of them having reached a key place in the global agenda” (Ospina and Masullo-Jiménez 2017) 2. Development Structure and top down diffusion is reflecting on the humanitarian attachment aspects, because of having only a materialistic measurement of the quality of life. And There is no ideal development model all the world can adopt. The “one size fit all” development strategy creates negative consequences on society abilities. identity and internal capacities. 3. Self organization give the community the availability not only to develop, but to use their internal ties imposing culture aspects and have a self-correctance chance.
Frame work
Contextualizing [SO]
To understand
City as system
[SO] as organized chaos: [SO] and planning :
Conceptual [SO] and identity generation
[SO] as Socio-economic dialectic
[SO] as a pattern language [SO] and responsibility:
[SO] Container: habitus
ANALITICAL FRAMEWORK
To Explore
indicators
Self-organization parameters
Self-organization Attributes
Presetting \ conditions of [SO]
Self-building
Limitations of [SO]
Self-Provide
Expectation of [SO]
Self-Control
[SO] definition: Fuchs proposed a definition for self-organization as “ system reproduces itself with the help its own logic and components, it is spontaneously emerged due to the interactions of the system elements� (Fuchs 2003a).
Chapter 5: UNDERSTANDING AND EXPLORING SELF ORGANIZATION
Chapter 5:
Case study Helwan is a city in Egypt and part of Greater Cairo, on the bank of the Nile, opposite the ruins of Memphis. Originally a southern suburb of Cairo, it served as the capital of the now defunct Helwan Governorate from April 2008 to April 2011, after which it was reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate. Official numbers assumption population of 521,239 at the 2017 population census. (CGE website 2017)
Officially Al Malqa is an agriculture area inside the boundary Helwan district. The total area of the land is around 800 Feddan. The area vacates the hole western edge that faces Helwan Cornish, the area has been tackled with land encroachment in 2008 by the land owners to be the hugest informal area in Helwan, the official land ownership of Al Malqa is under the control of the General Authority for Reconstruction and Agricultural Development Projects (GARAD)
El Malqa - Helwan The biggest informal Area in South Cairo 800 Feddan with building density built up area around 80% Calculations of residential area : 8 * Arab Rashed = around 180k inhabitant in its full capacity
Al Malqa expantion
2004
2011
2018
Al Malqa profiling
Al Malqa profiling
Al Malqa profiling
Physical
All of the built up area is illegal and self built including utilites .
Al Malqa profiling
Water Network
Physical
Land use
Socio –economic activities Pollution
Street Network
Al Malqa profiling
Non physical
Social network created a network of people whom in the role of the urban areas
Explored based on : A.Influence B. Connection and representation C. Social-culture representation : D.Role of governance E. Sub-group
Tribes
Old migrant
New comer
Settler
Al Malqa profiling Development mediators
Conclusion on profiling Space creation leaded by needed activities activity space \ association housing Education Health care religion
stackholder
Informal residential building
social
square contractor
public Schools - privet kindergarden
Gov - social inicatives
Government .
privet clinic
social ( with licence )
square leader - Gov.
privet mosques
social ( with licence )
square leader - Gov.
social
square leader
social
family leader
social
--
social
--
Solidarity \ Aid privet mosques events \wedding Main Maqads garbage
source
Waste Nodes \ Canal
public interaction internal streets
Social Herirchy
Social – physical interaction with needs
Self organization exploring
Self organization exploring
Exploring Self organization
Expectation
limitation Presetting
condition
concerns
Self organization in Al Malqa Self Building
Self organization in Al Malqa Self Building Causal loop
Hierarchies :
Self organization in Al Malqa Self providing
Self organization in Al Malqa Self providing Hierarchies :
Causal loop
Self organization in Al Malqa Self Governance
Self organization in Al Malqa Self Governance
Findings & Outcomes Self organization practically cover the 3 aspects : special – socio economic – Governance On Needs : Self –organization process maximize the opportunity of realistic interactive needs delivery . On scale : Bottom up approach cannot cover certain scale of intervention ( the large collective actions needs ( Stimulators ) On hierarchy : The process of self organization is leaded by network based power structure which has its pros – cons
Case study Findings & Outcomes
Concerns about self organization The scale of intervention is limited on the territorial zone. The Economical activates is easily monopolized by the owners.
Scale of intervention Monopoly
Missing governmental authority leads to many illegal sources and steeling's . The Internal fund of the project cannot be supervised by any agents .
Legalization
There is opportunity for identity based conflicts needs supervision as well .
Association
Interaction with the urban issues is not on propose they do it as need response not a way of management .
conscience
No collective future plan for the area, phases is just an essential needs reflections . A lot of sectors related to quality of life is not covered .
Fund
Planning Sectors
CHAPTER 6
1. FUTURE SCENARIOS
Chapter 8 : Conclusion
Conclusion
 About study In the thesis introduction we mentioned that this thesis was motivated by a question about mainstream development models that adopted in core countries? For that the question enlarged to question the proficiency of peripheral models? The third component was about selforganization and if it could be imbedded within a development plans? During the research journey it was impressive to see the argument between core and
peripheral development models, what was really impressive to notice that there is “absolute Value “that arguments, core development party is promoting the model as if it is the most efficient but the question is it the most Valuable? The materialistic achievement measures are ignoring the presentence of human aspects with seeing development as economical perspective
Conclusion
On “ordinaries” What we call “Order” is just accordance between our life perspective and circumstances of power relations happened upon us, if we look things that way we will find that the historical
argument on “Modern State” should be contained to recap the new networks age, the argument of “incomplete modernism in third world counties “should be revised as well, and configure if it is the question of Efficiency of the system or about if it is fitting form the beginning?
Conclusion
On “Alternatives ” Egypt got the opportunity to experience an alternative development method with Hassan Fathy work and other pioneers, even if this attempts was radical proposals form state hierarchy point of view but it was very logical form human - social perspective beside fitting what is
happening on rural, informal reality, these Humanitarian aspects became very hard to be imagined from both the government and the people themselves, form the government because there is no suitable frame work can contain this activates and from the people because the state is colonializing the collective mindset to a limit makes the people can’t imagine that this development model could happen.
Conclusion
On “ Self organization “ Self organization is not another utopia we promote, off course the process needs a public conscience capacity and believes to play the development orchestra we can recognize and depend on within a legal format, leading from the edge is recognized after which needs to leave the keys with the community to build, provide, control. Borrowing the concept of ‘open source’ back from the software technology to city-making, could we define patterns and rules as a mode
of sharing, exchanging and negotiating city information amongst city’s stakeholders? This way a shared simple language developed by well-informed stakeholders could evolve and feed collaborative city-making processes. Urban patterns and rules could be implemented, freely shared, negotiated and evolved for dynamic organization of communities and their settlements. There are links between the rules of how physical environments are shaped and those that define how people interact based on changing social, economic, political and cultural conditions(Tan 2014).
Conclusion
 Future Research: The research is one of attempts beside series of calls towards rethinking centralization, through exploring the organization insights within a chaotic environment, the observation on self-directing community open the discussion of locality opportunities which based on community values and believes.
During the last years, social media and internet technology became the new language of communication between people, and it give us a tool and a motive to encourage the governance systems to communicate with the local residents for urban development.
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