3.THE NOMADLAND-S1_3(Research)/RIBA Silver Medal Nomination

Performance:

Chapter V: North Sea Logistics

Stage:

Logistic Cluster

Humber Ports

Link to Cities

M62 across England

Cluster as Stage

Logistic in the North Sea Logistic in the Europ World Trade

The North Sea Ports

UK and Netherland

Actor:

Actor Network Nomad Figures

Rythum of Figure Views

The North Sea Logistics

In The View Of UK

The United Kingdom was founded on trade, and its economy has traditionally been dependent on products passing through its ports. Increased commerce with Europe, but especially with the bright emerging markets of Asia, the Americas, and Africa, is critical to the UK’s future success. These are the locations where we will discover brand-new opportunities, while the UK continues to value its commercial partnerships with countries closer to home.

Of obviously, ports are essential for trade. Ships transport 95% of all products imported and exported in the United Kingdom. Ports are the entrance to the UK and its trading partners, carrying around 500 million tonnes of freight and directly contributing £23 billion in commercial turnover, £8 billion in GVA, and over 100,000 jobs.

As ports aim to build on current linkages with Europe, those that rely on trade with the EU are just as much

of a focus as those that trade with countries further afield. However, the port sector and residents of port communities recognise the enormous opportunity that currently exists.

The purpose is to ensure that the communities surrounding ports benefit from the wealth that flows through them. For everyone who works or lives in the major port towns and cities, investment must imply better jobs and a better quality of life. Coastal regions around the UK have enormous potential, with a dedicated workforce and a strong desire to establish new international connections. Increasing international commerce gives a critical chance to bring growth, new investment, and high-quality jobs to regions across the United Kingdom, unleashing the potential of these critical locations that are critical to the country’s future success.

Britain’s future is as a bold, globally successful international trading nation at the heart of the glob-

al economy and the world’s free-trade hub. Ports must and will play an important role in this scenario.

World Maritime Trade System

Growth of the world fleet in dead-weight tonnage, selected vessel types, 2013-2019(Annual percentage change)

With more than 85% of all globally traded goods having travelled on a ship at least once during their lifecycle, ports play a key role in the global and local economy.

Logistics Network In Europe System

In the European Union, the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a proposed network of roadways, railroads, airports, and water infrastructure.

The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a network of railway lines, roadways, inland waterways, maritime shipping routes, ports, airports, and railroad terminals that stretches across Europe. The Core Network will be finished by 2030 and will feature the most significant connections connecting the most important nodes.

BALTIC - ADRIATIC

NORTH SEA-BALTIC

MEDITERRANEAN

ORIENT/ EAST-MED

SCANDINAVIAN - MEDITERRANEAN

RHINE -ALPINE

ATLANTIC

NORTH SEA -MEDITERRANEAN

RHINE-DANUBE

Ports On The North Sea System

There were hundreds of ports around the North Sea, but only few of them can handle large container ships and most of those are along the coast of Europe.

Top 20 Ports In Europe Around North Sea

Port of Rotterdam System

Important transhipment port

The Port of Rotterdam is one of the oldest and largest seaports in Europe. It is considered to be a strategically important distribution point in Europe as it is surrounded by Europe’s highly-populated and industrialised centres – the German Ruhr district, Paris and London.

The port of Rotterdam is the gateway to the European market of more than 500 million consumers, thanks to its numerous deep sea links and good multimodal connections within Europe. Rotterdam is also an important transhipment port for international cargo flows, thanks to the multiple intercontinental cargo movements that converge there.

Maritime Trade-UK And Netherlands System

With the UK as one of the most important trade partners in Europe and approximately 40 million tonnes of cargo heading there from Rotterdam each year, it makes sense to try and optimise the supply chains and the transportation between the two ports.

Exchange Between Netherland And UK

Priority shipping areas on the North Ses

Maritime Trade On The North Sea Based on UK- System

The Port of Immingham is the largest port in the United Kingdom in terms of tonnage, handling over 46 million tonnes of cargo each year. Immingham, along with ABP’s other Humber ports of Grimsby, Hull, and Goole, forms the UK’s leading port complex, an unrivalled trade gateway connecting en-

terprises across the UK, Europe, and beyond. The port is an important link in the supply chain for sustainable electricity generation and other forms of energy production, helping to power the country and cementing the Humber’s reputation as “the UK’s Energy Estuary.”

UK major port freight traffic by top 30 routes on the North Ses (All cargo)

From System To Cluster - Logistic

If you explore the modern logistics industry, the container is a great discovery in an absolute sense. The standardization of its products and a complete set of transportation systems established thereby greatly accelerate the timeliness of logistics.

Therefore, in the cluster of the logistics industry, a node from sea to land is the top priority of the entire logistics industry.

These countless nodes also constitute an organizational center that is different from the city. In order to better understand this system and working logic within the cluster, we will start from-sea-to-land in this chapter.

System Cluster Figure

Cluster Of Logistic Cluster

From the Sea to the Land

In the modern logistics industry, the invention and construction of the container can always be regarded as a great inventions. The perfect container terminal based on this invention greatly improves the efficiency of transferring goods from the ocean to land vehicles.

Container logistics is to link packaging, loading and unloading, storage, transportation, and custody through containers to form a continuous logistics activity. Therefore the main components of the logic cluster are container ships, gantry cranes and container vehicles.

The diagram on the right shows the process of the container from sea to land.

In order to better understand the cluster of logistics in a certain place (port), we will move on to the ports around the River Humber to give a more realistic view.

Storage Land Logistic Shipping

Humber Ports Cluster

The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of northern England. The ports on the Humber include the port of Hull, the port of Grimsby, and the port of Immingham.

The Port of Hull is the leading softwood timber port in the UK and the focus of the offshore wind power sector. The port provides regular ferry and container services, connecting continental Europe and other regions.

The Port of Grimsby is one of the UK’s leading automotive ports and a major hub for the burgeoning offshore wind industry. The port also continues to handle a wide range of other cargoes.

The Port of Immingham is the UK's largest tonnage port, handling approximately 46 million tons of cargo each year. The port is an important part of the supply chain for sustainable power generation and other energy production.

HULL Immingham Grimsby

From Humber to Cities

Cluster

LIVERPOOL

MANCHESTER

LEEDS HUMBER

EUROP

TYNE

SHEFFIELD

NOTTINGHAM

one hour of drive

Along M62 Motorway Cluster

M62 plays an important role in connecting the Humber ports and the cities. In addition to the destination and transfer station, the servicing station on the road is the main stop area for trucks.

LIVERPOOL

MANCHESTER

SHEFFIELD

Reshaping the Terrain

Cluster

Logistic-related industries, including ports, docks, storage and transhipment areas, and factories, have greatly affected the landscape on both sides of the Humber River. What is the connection between these areas and cities?

Cluster As A Stage Cluster

Cluster is like a zoomed in field that can locate matter and human activities. It not only reflects the flow of matter in the area, but also provides a stage for us to analyze the figure in the next step.

Actor Network

Network instead of territory

The network of Humber logistics consists with shipping, sorting and following sort or process activities. Its cluster is embedded on the edge of cities and spread into urban area to some extent. The linear structure represents the material flow from ports to inner lands as a major circulation.

Nomad Figures

Figure

Human/Non-human

Although main ports handled different types of commodities, most of these raw materials such as oil and metals shipped by ROROs would be distributed to nearby factories and transferred later by lorry drivers.

The Rhythm

The View On The Sea

Seafarers on the North Sea usually do not have to suffer from long-term shipping. The continent shipping usually took 16-18hours, and their work is only required when the cargo departs and arrives. But shore leave times (2-6days) can be hard to fit in the local community.

Chapter VI: North Sea Aqua +

Performance:

Background

Fishing

Fishing method

Production

Aquaculture

Right

Ecology

Tourism

Stage:

Aqua Cluster

Production

Wells-next-thesea

Aqua complex

Cluster as Stage

Actor:

Actor Network

Nomad Figures

Rythum of Figure

Views

Background: Aqua?

Aqua, A Debatable Region

Things were always struggling when we trying to define which content we might include in Aqua+. As we try to include as much as the ecological background and its relation to human production in line with the previous two chapters. We define Aqua+ as a combination of all human activities related to the ocean(water) ecology: production which is about fishing(hunting) and aquaculture(farming), marine protection as well as tourism.

Overfishing is another issue that formed the talk, investigation shows that overfishing the ecological damage caused 865 million euros loss to the tourism across the North Sea, but marine protection methods (are) that restriction brought will definitely hurt the fishing industry. Fishing is like chess on the chessboard, the future of fishing is the future of Aqua in the North Sea.

And yes we picking those under the aqua topic, also because of their interrelations with others. Fishing, for example, only takes 0.1% of the UK’s GDP, and 0.2% of that to the EU. Holds on talks among any international talks and arguments, as people not only see the fishing rights, as the economic reason but also political, a sovereignty target.

FISHING ECOLOGY TOURISM

Fishing in North Sea System

The North Sea, English Channel, Skagerrak, and Kattegat are all part of the Greater North Sea ecoregion. Fishing is centred in the southern half of the North Sea's coastal waters. The Greater North Sea is home to approximately 6600 fishing vessels. Trawling is the most common method of fishing.

Fish oil and fish meal are made from around half of the caught fish. Norway, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands are the main fishing countries in the North Sea region. In 1983, members of the European Community adopted a one-of-a-kind fisheries agreement known as the Common Fisheries Policy. Each year, quotas for several North Sea species caught beyond territorial sea limits are imposed. Households in all EU nations, with the exception of Sweden, increased their expenditure on fish and seafood from 2017 to 2018. Processed fish and seafood consumed outside of the house through foodservice channels (restaurants or caterers) achieved record highs for the first time since 2014.

The EU self-sufficiency ratio, which assesses EU Member States’ ability to meet demand from their own production, which is in line with the 10-year average , namely 26%

The supply (domestic production plus imports) hit 14,61 million tonnes in 2017, the highest level since 2008. However, due to a decline in catches, this constituted a modest fall of 48.640 tonnes (-0.3%) from 2016. Imports were mostly used to meet internal demand.

Fisheries: an industry that's worth 0.1% of the UK's GDP

Fishing Method System

The North Sea, English Channel, Skagerrak, and Kattegat are all part of the Greater North Sea ecoregion. Pelagic species (mainly herring and mackerel) make up a large share of the region's overall commercial fish landings. Benthic and demersal finfish landings (mainly haddock, sandeel, flatfish, and cod) are also noteworthy.

Otter trawls operate largely in the northern North Sea and the Skagerrak, targeting haddock, cod, whiting, anglerfish, megrim, and plaice, with economically important bycatches of Nephrops and several flatfish species.

In the southern North Sea and the eastern English Channel, the otter trawl fleet operates with mesh sizes less than 100 mm, catching a varied mix of fish and shellfish species (including cephalopods) and, in muddy areas, Nephrops.

Medium-size demersal trawlers (18–24 m and 24–40 m)

Medium and large beam trawlers Large vessel ( >50 m)

Small vessel (< 10 m)

Fishing Vessels System

The English Channel, the eastern half of the Southern Bight, the Danish banks, and the waters east of Shetland are where static gear is most commonly utilised. Bottom trawls are employed across the North Sea, with beam trawls being more frequent in the shallower southern North Sea.

The fishing industry has wreaked havoc on the aquatic ecosystem. Trawling can devastate seabed habitats because the trawler beams drag across the floor, uprooting plants and destroying reefs.

Global Production System

EU trade of fish and seafood has increased in value in the last 10 years, at an average annual growth rate of 6%.

The recreational fisheries of elasmobranchs, on the other hand, are not well-studied; however, recreational harvest of these species (mostly dogfish and a few species of skates and rays) appears to be minimal.

Per capita apparent consumption of fisheries and Aquaculture products by state in 2017

14% Iceland

10% Vietnam

9% China

9% Faroe islands

7% Norway

EU trade of fish and seafood has increased in value in the last 10 years, at an average annual growth rate of 6%

52% Norway

18% Greenland

7% Faroe islands

30% Norway

24% China

6% Australia

10%Ecuador

10% US

9%China

5% Vietnam

5% Madagascar

5% Seychelles

19% Iceland

10% Norway

9% Vietnam

9% Russia

6% Morocco

6% China

19% China

13% Norway

9% US

8% Vietnam

6% Ecuador

5% Russia

Most relevant extra-eu trade flows by states in 2018, in value (eur billion)

Source: EUM OFA, based on Eurostat (online data codes: fish_aq2a, fish_ca_main and DS-016890) and FAO data.

Cross-Border Production System

Since 2009, intra-EU commerce has increased at an average yearly growth rate of 2% in volume and 7% in value. It hit a 10year high of 6,60 million tonnes valued at EUR 26,27 billion in 2018, an increase of 177.918 tonnes and EUR 647,93 billion over 2017.

In 2018 Intra-EU trade reached

6,60 million tonnes

26,27 billion EUR

All of the major commercial species are covered by EU exchanges. Salmonids were the most trafficked in terms of value in 2018, with Sweden and Denmark serving as the main entry sites for Norwegian products. Small pelagics trade flows, which contributed for the highest share in volume, were similarly mostly driven by northern countries. Indeed, such shipments mostly comprised of herring from Denmark and Sweden, as well as mackerel from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Five Member States, notably the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, Denmark, and Germany, accounted for almost 60% of total intra-EU trade flows in 2018, both in terms of value and volume.

Top-15 flows of fishery any aquaculture products within the eu in 2019

First sales at market place level by country

Source:https://www.eumofa.eu/map-of-eu-first-sales

Total catch System

Since 2009, intra-EU commerce has increased at an average yearly growth rate of 2% in volume and 7% in value. It hit a 10-year high of 6,60 million tonnes valued at EUR 26,27 billion in 2018, an increase of 177.918 tonnes and EUR 647,93 billion over 2017.

Landings have decreased by 26% in ten years

Landings, which include species not intended for human food and seaweed, increased significantly from 2016 to 2017, reaching a 10-year high, largely to a 797 percent increase in sandeel landings, which were primarily in Denmark. Indeed, an increase in this species' reproductive biomass in recent years has contributed to the stock's full reproductive potential in the North Sea. Furthermore, a decrease in fishing mortality resulted in an increase in sandeel catches. At the same time, lower prices for several of the most commonly landed species, particularly blue whiting and herring, contributed to a modest drop in the overall value of fisheries production.

Top-15 flows of fishery any aquaculture products within the eu in

Aquaculture System

Aquaculture is becoming a larger part of the global production of aquatic food. Most global fisheries are currently nearing or beyond their sustainable exploitation limitations. In the same time period, worldwide fish consumption increased from 1973 to 2003. Various fish supply and demand predictions for 2020 have been generated, confirming that per capita consumption of fish as food is anticipated to rise.

Aquaculture is one of the UK's most important strategic food production sectors, contributing to long-term economic growth in rural and coastal areas as well as the wider economy. The industry supports the community by providing high-quality, stable jobs and supporting social infrastructure. The United Kingdom is dedicated to continuing to support aquaculture's industry-led, long-term growth.

After the peak of the previous year, in 2018 the EU aquaculture production showed a decline in both volume and value terms

Aquaculture Farm System

Aquaculture policy in the United Kingdom is a devolved topic, with Wales, England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland each having their own administrations in charge of it. As a result of this governance model, portions of the UK approach reflected in the Multiannual National Plan will differ to reflect variances in priorities and policy approaches.

In terms of size of production and species cultivated, aquaculture in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales differs greatly from that in Scotland. Scotland is unquestionably the leading producer of farmed Atlantic salmon (over 95 percent), which accounts for the majority of UK finfish production. Scotland’s industry, while predominantly marine-based, also includes a significant freshwater output sector. Shellfish and trout production are more important in the English, Northern Irish, and Welsh sectors as a whole. Figures 1-3 depict the locations of aquaculture sites around the United Kingdom. Figures 5 and 6 show the disparities in scale (industry size and value) between the aquaculture sectors in the UK’s separate administrations, as well as between shellfish and finfish.

Seawater finfish farms Shellfish farms

Fishing quota in Europe System

On a yearly or two-yearly basis, the CFP establishes quotas on how much of each species can be caught in a specific ICES Statistical Area or group of areas. Each country is assigned a quota based on the overall amount of fish available (Total Allowable Catch, or TAC) and their historical contribution (percentage). The Council of Ministers sets TACs every year. They take into account proposals made by the European Commission, which consults its own scientific advisers (Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee of Fisheries, STECF). STECF advises the European Commission in general, taking into account the work of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). Furthermore, the Council of Ministers considers the opinions of non-EU fishing nations as well as recommendations from ICES, which is independent of EU institutions, when appropriate. Following the Council of Ministers' determination of quotas, each EU member state is responsible for enforcing its own quota. Different systems are used by countries to distribute quotas to fisherman.

Fishing stocks in UK System

Fishing Rights, Economic Or Sovereignty? System

In the Brexit agreement negotiations, the problem of access to British fishing waters seems to be eternal. In the United Kingdom, fisheries account for only 0.1% of the United Kingdom’s GDP, while in the EU Group, this value reaches 0.2%. Nevertheless, fisheries remain a hot topic for negotiators and leaders. Disputes over fisheries in the North Sea have also become more complicated.

Practitioners in related industries in the United Kingdom believe that after Brexit, British coastal communities will flourish because of fisheries, which may create thousands of jobs in the fisheries sector. One commentator pointed out that the UK has neither ships nor personnel to capture the potential figures quoted. There is almost no possibility that fisheries will help the UK's GDP growth.

The fisheries contradiction is actually a concrete manifestation of the intricate relations and contradictions between the UK and the EU.

Marine Conservation System

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is in charge of establishing MCZs in English inshore waters (up to 12 nautical miles offshore) and offshore waters in England and Northern Ireland, with projects led by the Joint Nature Conservation Commission (JNCC) and Natural England.

It is illegal to intentionally or recklessly kill or injure the protected characteristics of a site once it has been designated as a Marine Conservation Zone if doing so would considerably impede the attainment of the conservation objectives.

Protected features could include certain types of fish or plants. Other kinds of damage are also forbidden. There is an exemption in the Act for commercial fishing and it is anticipated that MCZs will be protected from fishing activities under fisheries legislation. Public bodies will be under duties to help deliver the site's conservation objectives. Byelaws can be introduced to some regulate activities like navigation.

Source: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/atlas/

Most relevant extra-eu trade flows by states in 2018, in value (eur billion)

Spoil

Tourism As A New Era? System

Coastal settlements that emerged as leisure and entertainment resorts in the 19th century and have been neglected for a long time. They should once again be celebrated as places that can provide an attractive environment for residents and tourists. There are indeed a series of problems in coastal towns, the root of which lies in the decline of their core industries.

Domestic tourism is an iconic example, but fishing, shipbuilding and port activities have all been declining for a long time. What makes these regions unique is the combination of industrial decline and geography. They are located on the fringe of the country, which puts them on the fringe of the economy and brings the social problems that follow. This combination of challenges deserves special attention and support.

House of Lords of UK thinks that Many seaside towns still rely on tourism as a key economic activity. Some areas, however, will need to diversify their local economies. Covid-19 has caused a huge impact on the damage of coast tourism. Improvements to transport will be vital in supporting further economic development in seaside towns. Improving digital infrastructure in coastal areas should also be considered a top priority.

Most relevant extra-eu trade flows by states in 2018, in value (eur billion)

From System To Cluster - Aqua

Yes, Aqua covers not only economic industries such as fishing, because while the ocean brings people cash crops, it also brings people service industries such as tourism based on marine ecology and traditional industries. As cultural heritage, these have also increased the influence of the region

Aqua's system is complicated. If only the fishing industry is regarded as its representative industry, then an aqua cluster will include the processes of fishing, trading and secondary trading.

Cluster Of Production Cluster

Production And Sale

The fishery includes any industry or activity related to the fishing, breeding, processing, preservation, storage, transportation, marketing or sale of fish or fish products. Commercial activities aim to provide fish and other seafood for human consumption or as inputs to other industrial processes.

However, in the traditional fishing ports of some developed countries, tremendous changes have taken place in the past few decades. The policy development of the tourism industry has made these areas that tend to be backwards become more vigorous, outside the traditional fishing industry. And also developed an experiential fishing activity. Tourists can get a different experience by booking boats and being taken by skilled fishermen into the deep sea to fish. The development of these activities gave traditional fishermen a new way of life. It is difficult to say which party really caused these lifestyle changes.

Fishing Fishing Dock & Market Consumption

Wells-next-the-Sea

Cluster

Wells-next-the-Sea is a port town on the North Norfolk coast of England.

The town has been a seaport since the 14th century when it supplied food to London and then to the miners in the northeast. In return, Wells got coal. Wells is also a fishing port: in 1337, it was recorded as having 13 fishing boats; Holkham next door has nine. Its sailors brought the first herring and cod from Iceland between the 15th and 17th centuries. In 1663, a parliamentary bill was passed to supervise the port to protect its use rights.

As part of an attempt to improve the town, the wharf was substantially rebuilt in 1845. At the same time, an improvement commissioner was appointed to make the town spacious and attract residents and the booming tourism industry. Tourism started on a small scale a century ago and became a major attraction because it was built on the site of a pine caravan and was originally expanded by the town council and Holkham Manor after the war.

Reshaping the Terrain Cluster

The introduction of tourism makes the ocean, fishery, and city deeply integrated. Fishing, tourist attractions and a series of related facilities have greatly affected the landscape of this area. In other words, this small town is a manifestation of a traditional landscape.

Cluster As A Stage Cluster

Cluster is like a zoomed in field that can locate matter and human activities. It not only reflects the flow of matter in the area, but also provides a stage for us to analyze the figure in the next step.

Actor Network

Network instead of territory

Small-scale fishing develops a new strategy for living when struggling between policy absence and ecological change. Nowadays, the small fishery along with aqua resources give a cultural advantage to coastal town tourism.

Fishing, a production for family living, has been given a new meaning by visitors. Local businesses are profoundly levelled up by its special fishing resources, and fishing has become the attraction itself, in which, tourists could even experience.

Nomad Figures

Figure

It is hard to distinguish the production landscape of fishing from the urban region. Their indivisible relation reflects on these participatory sailing instruments and products. It proceeds the meaning of mere production but becomes a major part of the oceanic culture. Visitors, fishermen, and local employees interact with each other, also, they are all in a deep relationship with the ocean.

Human/Non-human

The Rhythm

The View On The Sea

Harbour is the core site for fishermen, they depart at midnight and return in the morning. By then, they would encounter the first tourists who are full of curiosity and questions. “Their dumb questions are quite annoying”, an outspoken fisherman said.