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Connecting habitats & how mineral & aggregates extraction sites can be a biodiversity lifeline
Unsustainable practices have led to the gradual loss and splintering of vital ecological networks in the United Kingdom. Habitat loss and fragmentation are some of the major drivers for global biodiversity decline. Simply put, a lack of diverse and connected habitats of varying sizes minimizes the chance for species to migrate, forage, and seek refuge. These habitat islands may gradually decrease in size and connectedness over time such that the threats of invasive species, pollution, and climate change are exacerbated. Here in Northern Ireland, we are one of the worst hit. Generations of increasing and intensified use of our land has removed crucial habitat connectedness and quality, contributing to being ranked as the 12th worst out of 240 countries for biodiversity perseverance based on the Biodiversity Intactness Index (RSPB 2021). Improvements are being made with Nature Friendly Farming and policy reforms (Northern Ireland Environment Link 2021), however, there is
much to consider. Surprisingly to those outside the industry, mineral and aggregates extraction sites can be a biodiversity lifeline. In a UK context, 600 sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) are former mineral or aggregates extraction sites, with many undergoing rewilding without intervention, though many more have effective and forwardthinking restoration plans in place (Whitehouse 2008). These sites become stepping-stones between core
habitat islands and are priority habitats defined as Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land (OMH) in Northern Ireland. These habitats may also enlarge existing habitat patches, improving prosperity for biodiversity from previously mentioned threats. What makes these sites a priority begins with where sites start excavating, which is usually on biodiversity poor rural land, leading to improved richness of habitat. If excavating occurs on already
Ruby-Tailed Wasp (Chrysis sp.) on exposed cliff. © Joshua Clarke
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