Teddy FAN_Architectural Portfolio

MASTER

OF

P

RTFOLI

F

O

A

N

T

ARCHITECTURE

I

A

N

P

E

O N

G

01

Supervisor: Prof. Kristof Crrolla

thesis project /Computer-Aided Tiled Roof Structures //Research //Design demonstrator

36 c o n t e n t

Tutor: Prof. Kristof Crrolla

m1 studio ii /Bending-active Structures //Tectonic Exploration //Conceptual Design

56

Tutor: Prof. Zhu Jingxiang

m1 studio i /From Unit to Product //Unit Study and Various Organization //Conceptual Design

82 Tutor: Various

highlights of other design works /Undergraduate Studio Works /Extracurricular Works

THESIS PROJECT COMPUTER-AIDED TILED ROOF STRUCTURES Supervisor: Prof. CROLLA, Kristof

4

September, 2018 -May, 2019 • Thesis Research (tiles pattern+structural optimization) • A Design Demonstrator

1

ABSTRACT This thesis expands the design solution space for traditional tiled roof structures without necessarily increasing constructing complexity.

Planar and cylindrical roof surfaces are the most common roof geometries in traditional historic Chinese and Japanese architecture and are found in e.g. temple roof structures or vernacular architecture. In these architectures, wooden structures are clad with identical tiles which are configured parallel to one another, thus reducing construction complexity while increasing the flexibility of roof structure design. Digital technologies nowadays allow for the easy design of geometrically complex surfaces, which are challenging to construct. This thesis aims to expand the construction solution space for tiled roofs to include geometrically complex and doubly curved roof surfaces.

Following analysis of existing roof structures, this thesis focuses on two roof aspects: 1) the roof tiling and 2) the wooden substructure.

For the roof tiling, the thesis starts by looking into “Reaction-Diffusion” simulation algorithms to allow the population of non-developable, doubly curved roof surfaces with identical, equidistantly placed tiles.

“Reaction-Diffusion” simulations are used to explain how a system of chemicals can react and diffuse. In nature, this principle e.g. results in the natural striping that resemble a zebra stripes. Here, Reaction-Diffusion algorithms are employed as they allow for the controlled generation of equidistant patterns on any geometrical surfaces. These are then further developed into a construction system that allows for the equidistant placement of standardized tiles.

In translating non-developable geometry into equidistant patterns, certain “singularities” appear at bifurcation points within the pattern. In a chemical reaction-diffusion setup, “pattern singularity” appears where the chemical concentration becomes large enough to result in a new strip. Similarly, this thesis develops “singularity tiles” on the positions of singularities. These tiles are specifically designed according to the size of common tiles to prevent drainage failure.

For the wooden substructure, this thesis develops digital methods, including parametric structural engineering setups combined with genetic algorithms, to optimize the supporting structure for any roof surface. Within 3D modeling software Rhinoceros and its procedural modeler Grasshopper, Galapagos is used for evolutionary optimization and Karamba 3D for parametric structural analysis. In search of most “efficient” structures, the system will automatically adjust geometries in order to minimize bending moments of each column, optimize the thickness of each beam according to the applied forces and minimize the displacement of the roof shell.

This thesis enriches the currently practically available tiled roof structure design solution space by expanding the available geometries without substantially increasing construction complexity. Thus, a wider design pallet is made available that offers architects a more flexible spatial design response which is still rooted in local craft, tradition, culture and symbolism. As a demonstrator for this gained opportunity space, the design of a modern interpretation of a traditional temple structure is proposed on an ancient kiln ruin of Xi’an.

Keywords: Constructing Complexity, Computational Design, Tiled Roof Structures, Reaction-Diffusion, Structural optimization

2

The Tiling Pattern Of A Traditional Pitched Roof

The Substructure Of A Traditional Pitched Roof 3

Reaction-Diusion Algorithm Reaction-Diusion Algorithm is used to explain how natural patterns are generated.

In the thesis, the algorithm is translated into scripts in grasshopper and then employed to develop a new tiling pattern with an equidistant spacing on any geometrically complex surfaces.

4

Progressive Simulation of The Pattern on A Complex Surface

9.35 mm

9.60 mm

9.90 mm

10.20 mm

10.50 mm

10.80 mm

11.10 mm

11.40 mm

11.70 mm

12.00 mm

12.30 mm

12.60 mm

Patterns of Various Equidistant Spacings 5

6

7

Structural Optimization Traditional tiled roofs employ timber as the main structural material. Those structures are still widely used in conservation of historic buildings, vernacular dwellings in some remote areas and pavilions. However, at present, digital tools allow for more options in spatial design. A wider range of design solutions for structures will give architects more feasibilities in spatial design. So this thesis also explores how to support the wooden structure eďŹƒciently and beautifully with the aid of computation.

Galapagos

Displacement=13.5 cm

Displacement=12.9 cm

Displacement=12.3 cm

Displacement=11.5 cm

Computational Optimization For The Supporting Structure Taking a inclined supporting structure for example, the thesis employs Galapago as the evolutionary optimization tool and Karamba 3D as the structural optimization tool. Through scripting in grasshopper, they will find the most eďŹƒcient solutions for the structure which follow the pretested standards, such as mass, displacement, intersection, size and so on.

8

Utilization of Stress

Multiple Examples Of Structural Solutions

9

10

Design Opportunities Based On The Gained Tools I. A WIDER RANGE OF ROOF GEOMETRIES

II. AN OPPORTUNITY FOR A NEW EXPRESSION OF SYMBOLISM

11

The Design Demonstrator A museum design for an ancient kiln of tiles and bricks This is a design aiming to explore the possibilities of a tiled roof structure based on the gained tools and some extra symbolic meanings.

•

Massing and Programs •

•

Roof Geometry

Supporting Structure •

12

Color of Tiles

SITE

Master Plan Sangyuan Kiln, a kiln built for the emperor’s tomb Gonglizhen, Fuping, Xi’an, China 0

100M

N

500M 13

The Existing Kiln

The Destroyed Kiln (now nothing left)

The Existing Kiln

N

0 1M 14

5M

Project: The Museum Of Ceramic Tiles And Bricks Programs: Exhibition Zones Presentation Zone Staff Office Front Reception Outdoor Event Space Toilet (including toilet for the disabled) Site Area: 1296 m2 The study starts by looking into programs and the rough space they occupy. Then the form of roof, structural system and the spatial quality continuously give feedback to the programmatic organization and also influence each other.

For a clear view of the original site and the largest protection to the kiln, all the functional spaces are finally moved to the underground, leaving the pure space generated by structures.

Massing and Programs Roof Geometry

Massing Study

Roof Geometry Study

15

Massing Study With Dimensional Volumes

1st Attempt Of Form-Finding With A Vacuum Former

The Improved Support for Vacuum Forming

16

2st Attempt Of Form-Finding With A Vacuum Former 17

Physical Model Photos

3D Scanning (Autodesk ReCap Photo)

A sharp roof ridge is more eďŹƒcient for drainage and tiling. And at the same time, a large roof surface will be subdivided into several which makes a more flexible roof design strategy.

3D Model Rebuilding and Modification (Rhinoceros)

Selecting from Multiple Results

The Work-Flow Of Form-Making 18

Supporting Structures

The structural optimization aims to search for the most eďŹƒcient option of inclined columns, which means the total mass, distribution and intersection will be optimized to be as smaller as possible. All of the structural solutions must make zero bending moment on the column.

Utilization of Stress

Samples Of The Progressive Optimization

Charts Of Data Changes In Galapagos 19

Tiles’ Substructure

Ridge Beams (Planar)

Secondary Beams (Planar)

Main Beams (Planar)

Ring Beams (Metal)

Optimized Inclined Columns

20

1. Ridge Beams & Main Columns

2. Optimized Main structures

3. Ring Beams & Inclined Columns

4. Main Beams

5. Secondary Beams to Support Tiling Structure

6. Tiling Structure and Tiles

Construction Diagram

21

22

23

Color and Symbolism The color research aims to explore a new possibility that how the meaning and culture of ancient tiles get interpreted through computational design.

In the design, singularity tiles are highlighted in red, the color which would only be used in royal architectures. Then according to the distance between common tiles and the closest singularity tile, the color gradually changes from red to blue.

24

25

26

27

17.8m

21.6m 13.4m

N

19.4m

Roof Plan

A

N

A

Ground Floor Plan

A

N

A

Underground Floor Plan

28

North Elevation

East Elevation

Section A-A

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

BENDING-ACTIVE STRUCTURE

ROOFTOP BAMBOO PAVILION Tutor: Prof. CROLLA, Kristof

36

September, 2018 -May, 2019 • Tectonic Exploration (Teamwork) • Conceptual Design (Individual)

37

Tectonic Exploration Before a project was considered, four weeks were taken to study computational tools of bending-active structures and the basic work flow.

38

Phase I: Conceptual proposal 1 Big opening

Prototype

Interference

Kangaroo Solution

Plan

Interference

Kangaroo Solver

Plan

Conceptual proposal 2 Double columns

Prototype

39

Conceptual proposal 3 Orthogonal grids

Prototype

Interference

Kangaroo Solver

Plan

Interference

Kangaroo Solver

Plan

Conceptual proposal 4

Single column

Prototype

40

Phase II: Conceptual proposal 1+2

Prototype

Interference

Kangaroo Solver

Plan

Interference

Kangaroo Solver

Plan

Conceptual proposal 3+4

Prototype

41

Phase III: Final Design

Prototype

42

Interference

Kangaroo Solver

Trim

43

44

Physical Connection Between Two PVC Pipes

Physical Connection Attaching A Pipe To The Base

Physical Connection Extending A Pipe 45

Conceptual Design

ROOFTOP BAMBOO PAVILION An Addition Of Serenity In The Heart Of Causeway Bay

THIS project is a PUBLIC LEARNING CENTRE on the ROOFTOP of an old walk-up building located near Hysan Place in Causeway Bay. Its architecture consists of two individual components: a bending-active grid shell structure that covers all functional spaces, and a separate set of floor slabs and walls that house the main programmatic elements. The structure utilises the bending properties of its structural members. Together, these create a fluid, 9m-high, doubly curved roof shape that is clad with a translucent membrane. Three window openings are strategically incorporated at the edge of the rooftop. These were designed to provide a visual connection to the busy surrounding streets. The project introduces a large public knowledge exchanging and presentation space in the heart of Causeway Bay that is especially targeted at younger user groups. Spanning 921.6m2, the program covers 100% of the site’s rectangular rooftop area of which the geometric irregularities have been straightened out to provide one single continuous open slab. The interior arrangement consists of two floors: the lower level is used as presentation space, reading area and storage, whereas the upper multifunctional level allows for a wider range of activities.

The project critically positions itself within a typically Hong Kong urban area, characterised by high-density and limited programmatic variation, in which most floor space is designated to commerce or office only. In this area, rooftop spaces provide a latent opportunity to build light-weight architecture that provides the functions Causeway bay lacks, such as a freely accessible Learning Centre.

The project research investigates how computational design tools can be strategically inserted into existing construction methods to allow for a more engaging and innovative architectural outcome. When building onto rooftops of existing buildings, the load-bearing edges are essential for the overall geometry. In this project, the doubly curved surface is strategically designed to match the straight edges of the building. This decision grounds the project’s geometry and identity into the properties of the surroundings. Several structural design iterations were tested through digital physics simulation engines. The final solution successfully achieves a desired balance between complexity and simplicity. In doing so, the project aims to achieve a level of SERENITY in the heart of one of the most intense neighbourhoods of Hong Kong.

Computational technology and structural material systems have been used to research unexplored opportunities for the design of urban architectural additions that can be realised within an economically, ecologically and practically viable framework. By bringing design SIMPLICITY into this intense area, this project achieves a BALANCED program and offers a moment of calm and pause in the heart of one of the world’s busiest cities.

46

47

N

Master Plan 48

0

15M 5M

30M

Remove Extra Staircases and Parapets

Rebuild a wide and flat slab

staircases as core structure

main frame of structure Ring Beam

shear wall

Prototype

The Existing Staircase Core As The New Entrance

Diagonal Grids

Trim For Proper Views To The City

Kangaroo Solver

Spring and Anchor Points

Edge Anchor

Membrane As Isolation

Conceptual Diagrams For The Design Process

49

50

51

Process And Details 52

Structure Plan

19.80 19.20

8

DN

16.80

DN

DN

1/F Plan B

C

DN

DN 3

DN

4

7

16.80 1

A

UP 5

2

UP

A

6 5

UP

B

C

Roof Floor Plan

N Function Legend 1

Lecture Space

5

Forum

2

Discussion Zone

6

Reading Space

3

Storage

7

Rest Space

4

Service Area

8 Activity Space

0

5M

10M

1M

53

South Elevation

West Elevation

54

East Elevation

Section A-A

Section B-B

Section C-C

55

FROM UNIT TO PRODUCT

HOSTEL UNDER THE CANOPY Tutor: Prof. Zhu JIngxiang

56

December, 2017 • Unit Study And Various Organization • Conceptual Design

57

Unit Study And Various Organization The phase I study focuses on the progressive study about how to use limited types of units to organize a structure.

58

Corner Study Corner-Bonding Principle Corner study aims to explore the bonding principles at the corner of a brick wall. scaled bricked and segments are employed to study dierent organizations of units.

Furniture scale

Wall scale

Common brick 120x60x30mm

Common brick 120x60x30mm Additional corner brick 30x30x30mm

Additional corner brick 90x30x30mm

Plan view

Architectural scale

Common brick 120x60x30mm

Additional corner brick 30x30x30mm

Additional corner brick 30x30x30mm

Additional corner brick 90x30x30mm

Additional corner brick 90x30x30mm

Perspective view of two layers

Perspective view of multiple layers

Pattern Study Colors Pattern This study researches an additional element that advances the brick wall.

Furniture scale

Views of Brick Wall

Wall scale

Architectural scale

Left Elevation

Right Elevation

59

Organization Rules This study focuses on the rules of organization by using repeatable units. Firstly several basic units are prepared with numbers. Then use the units to generate a brick wall. Following are two examples showing how to use “1C1E” and “3C1E” to build a wall.

Type “C” Type “E”

1C1E Shift 3/4 Strecher

1C1E Shift 1/4 Strecher

60

3C1E Shift 1/2 Header

3C1E 16 Layers With Bonding Corners

61

Conceptual Design A Student Hostel Under The Canopy Phase II is a progressive design aiming to use the gained design method to accomplish conceptual design work.

Trees on the cli of 12-meter high

Trees on the edge of the site

62

Massing Study

Bedroom for 2 10.6 m2

Courtyard 7.2 m2

Bedroom for 1 7.2 m2

5940

1.14 m

Living Room 10.1 m2

Toilet 5.4 m2

Bedroom for 1 7.2 m2

9300

Plan Of A Living Unit For Students

Unit Organizations Of A Single Layer 63

Unit Organizations Of Double Layers

Further Organization Study Based On The Selected Units 64

Spatial Quality Study

65

66

Type 3 Type 2

Type 1

67

Type 1

0

2M

5M

1M

0

2M

5M

0

1M

2M

5M

1M

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Type 2

0

2M

5M

1M

0

2M

5M

0

1M

Ground Floor Plan 68

2M 1M

First Floor Plan

5M

Type 3

0

2M

5M

1M

0

2M

5M

0

1M

Ground Floor Plan

2M

5M

1M

First Floor Plan

Partition wall Steel Beam Diagonal Support Wood

Concrete Slab

Aerated Concrete Block

Basement

General Section of A Typical Unit

0

1M

2M

3M

69

70

Ground Floor Plan 1:750

N

71

Roof Plan 1:750

N

First Floor Plan 1:750

N

72

73

South Elevation 1:600

North Elevation 1:600

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

OTHER DESIGN WORKS

SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS

82

//Undergraduate Studio Works //Extracurricular Works

83

April 2017

Youth Center 84

85

86

87

88

January 2016

Whisper Tower 89

90

91

92

May 2015

Spatial RedeďŹ nition In The Historic Urban Community 93

DAUGHTER' ROOM THE SITTING ROOM

SENIOR'S ROOM

94

Through the skylight, sunlight from the south can get inside the house and lighten rooms in the north.

Cement Mortar Water proof Layer Screed-Coat Linoleum Isolation Layer Insulating Layer Screed-Coat Structure Sheaf Screed-Coat Cement Mortar

STUDY

CHILDREN'S ROOM

KITCHEN& DINING ROOM

STORAGE

November 2014

M i n i-Ho u s e I n s id e A n Old D es tr ic t 95

96

97

December 2013

Curved Brick Wall

98

99

Thesis Book

Tel/ 6765 0815 E-mail/ fantianpeng1992@gmail.com

100