Dmnak;kalvipakkmeragkmµvif

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

dMNak;kalviPaKKMeragkmµviFI SYSTEM ANALYSIS

r/s

1>viFIsaRsþRbmUlB½t’man (Gathering Information Methods):

karbegáItRbB½n§edayRbwkSarYmKña Jointed Application Development rebobvar³enAkñúgGgÁRbCuM Typical JAD Agenda

Project Leader

Top Management (Project Owner, or Sponsor)

Project Leader

Open Discussion Session Moderated

by Project Leader

JAD Team Members Working In Smaller Group Sessions, Supported

By IT Staff Group leaders

Open Discussion Session Moderated

By Project Leader

Project Leader

-ENnaMsmaCikRkumenAkñgú GgÁRbCueM GaysÁal;Kña.

-BiPakSaeKalkarN_c,ab;sMxan;²/ eKaledA/ nig kmµvtßrú bs;GgÁRbCMu -Bnül;BIrebobeFVIÉksar nigeRbI CASE tools RbsinebIman.

-Bnül;BIehtuplEdlcg;eFVIKMerag nig sgát;bBa¢ak;BIGñkRKb;RKgnUvkarpþl;siT§I eGayeFVkI ar nig CYydl;KMerag.

-pþl;nUvkarRtYtBinitüelIRbB½n§cas; nigdak;nUvsMeNIrBITMhMnigtMrUvkarrbs;KMerag.

-bgðajBIeKalénRbFanbTEdl)ankMnt;/begáIteGaymankartamdan -rMlwkBIdMeNIkarCMnYj/kargar/tYnaTIGñkeRbIR)as; nigTinñn½ynaMecjcUlsMxan;² -kMnt;cMnuc rWkEnøgEdlmankarRBmeRBog nig minRBmeRBognigKña.

-bMEbkRkumeGayeTACaRkumtUc²edIm,IsikSabBaðaeGay)anCak;lak; nig EtgtaMg GñkdwknaMRkumnimyY ².

-BiPakSa nig eFVÉI ksarRKb;tMrUvkarrbs;RbB½n§TaMgGs;.

-begáItRbB½n§KMrU nig KMeragKMrUepSg².

-eFVIr)aykarN_elIlT§plTaMgGs; ehIycat;tMagkargarnigRbFanbT -bgðajbBaðaEdlRkumGgÁRbCutM Uc²enH )anrkeXIj. -Binitür)aykarN_TaMgGs;elIugvij BIRkumtUc²énGgÁRbCu.M -sMercnUvkarRBmeRBogTMagGs;KñaelIbBaðasMxan;².

-eFVIÉksarelIRKb;RbFanbTTaMgGs;.

-eFVIesckþRI bkasbiTGgÁRbCuM JAD .

-erobcMr)aykarN_EdlRtUveGaydl;smaCikGgÁRbCuM JAD .

2>]bkrN_nigbec©keTsbegáItKMrU PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

14

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

(Modeling Tools and Techniques):

2>1>PasarbegIátKMrU Unified Modeling Language (UML)

KWCaviFsI aRsþmYyEdleKeRbIy:agTUlMTlU ay EdleFVeI GayeyIgeXIj nigeFVIÉksarBIkarksag RbB½n§kmµviF.I bgðajeGayeXIjBITMnak;TMngrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;nigRbB½n§Bt’man. GñkeRbIR)as;KWCaGñk sMEdgEdlmantYnaTIBitmYy KWBiBN’naBIrebobEdleKmanTMnak;TMngCamYynigRbB½n§.

Use case diagram Customer

Sales System Validate Credit Card

düaRkamkrNIKWCarUbPaBsegçbén Use Case EdlmanTMnaT;nM gnigKñaenAkñgú RbB½n§ nig GnuRbB½n§.

Use Case Diagram: Auto service department Writes

Create work order

Requests service Update

Update

Customer

Service writer

Update work schedule

Notifies

Check Perform work

Prepare Invoice

Mechanic

Use case diagram: Create bus route Create requirement forecast

Initiates

Notifies

Student

Driver

Prepare route plan Notifies Determines Creates

Notifies Develop staffing plan

Dispatcher

2>2>düaRkamdMNrlMdab;

Sequence Diagram

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

15

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man MANAGER

STUDENT

Request fitness-class

FITNESS-CLASS SCHEDULE

REGISTRATION RECORD

Check

Notify Pay

FOCUS

Register

2>3>düaRkamEbgEckmuxgar

Functional Decompositions Diagram

KWCarUbtMNagénmuxgarCMnYjnigkarRbtibtiþBeI lIcuHeRkam.

Library Function Model Library Management

Human Resource

Add/Remove Books

Finance & Accounting

Library Operations

Fund Raising

Operations Budgeting

Book Management

Personnel Assignment

Checkout & Return Books

User Support

User Update

New User Acquisition

Report Generation

3>karEsVgrkkarBit (Fact-Finding): edIm,IEsVgrkkarBitenAkñúgRbB½n§CMnYj eyIgRtUveRbIsMnYrEdlepþmI eday³ Who, what, when, where, and how?

Current System

etIeKRtUvGnuvtþGIV? etIeKRtUvGnuvtþvaenATINa? etIeKRtUvGnuvtþvaenAeBlNa? etInrNaRtUvGnuvtþva? etIeKRtUvGnuvtþvadUcemþc?

4>kareFVIkarsmÖas

Proposed System

etIehtuGIVeeKRtUvGnuvtþva? etIehtuGIV)anCaeKRtUvGnuvtþvaenATIenaH? etIehtuGVI)anCaeKRtUvGnuvtþvaenAeBlenaH? etIehtuGVI)anCamnusSenHRtUvGnuvtþva? etIehtuGVI)anCaeKRtUvGnuvtþvatamviFIenH?

etIeKnigRtUvGnuvtþGI?V etIeKnigRtUvGnuvtþvaenATINa? etIeKnigRtUvGnuvtþvaenAeBlNa? etInrNanigRtUvGnuvtþva? etIeKnigRtUvGnuvtþvadUcemþc?

(Interviews):

4>1>kMnt;mnusSedIm,IsmÖas (Determine The People To Interview): PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

16

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

edIm,IbMeBjeTAtamKMrUrbs;RbB½n§/ eyIgRtUveRCIserIsmnusSeGay )anRtwmRtUvedIm,IsmÖas nig sYrsMnYreGay)anRtwmRtUv. eBleFVkI aresIbu GegátdMbgU / eyIgBiPakSa CamYyGñk RKb;RKgfñak;kNþl rW RbFanykdæan.

4>2>begáIteKalbMNgsMrab;smÖas (Establish Objective For The Interview):

bnÞab;BeI FIkV arsMerccitþelImnusSRtUvsmÖasehIy/ eyIgRtUvbegátI eKalbMNgsMrab;eBlsmÖas . dMbUgeyIgKYrEtkMnt;karBiPakSaelIcMnucTUeTA/ ehIyeRkaymkrayeQµaHtMrvU karEdleyIgnigRtUvkar RbmYl/ eyIgk¾KYrEtBüayampþl;KMnitl¥²/ esñrI sunM igpþl;TsSn³eBlsmÖas.

4>3>begáItsMnYrsMrab;smÖas (Develop Interview Question) :

eFVkI arbegátI taragsMnYrCasþg;darmYyEdlGacCYyeyIg kñgú kartamdannigeCosvagPaBRbpitRbepIc. k>sMnYrcMhr Open-Ended Question: CasMnYrmYyEdlebIkcMhr eGayGñkeqøy I tbGac eqøyI )anTUreTA/ TUlMTUlay. x>sMnYrbiT Closed-Ended Question: CasMnYrmYyEdlbiTmincMhr eGayGñk eqøy I tbGac eqøyI mankMnt;/ c,as;las;/ Cak;Esþg/ nigkarBit. K>sMnYreqøIylMdab; Range of Response Question: CasMnYrEdlmanlkçN³ Cak;c,as;Cag sMnYrbiT edayvapþl;eGaynUvcMelIyCak;lak;Caelx/ erobcMCataragnig sMraylT§pl.

4>4>erobcMeBlevlasMrab;smÖas (Prepare For The Interview) :

bnÞab;BkI nM t;eKalbMNgnigbegáItsMnYrrYcehIy eyIgRtUverobcMeBlevlasMrab;smÖas. cUrerob cMedayRbugRby½tñBIeRBaHvaKWCakarRbCuMmYysMxan;Nas;ehIyminEmnCakarCECkKñaEbbFmµtaenaHEdr taragKMerageBlevlanigéf¶ExCak;lak;srM ab;RbCuM nig eFVkI areRkInrMlwkedayTUrs½BÞbBa¢ak;BIkarRbCuM. 4>5>dwknaMkarsmÖas (Conduct the Interview):

bnÞab;BkI nM t;mnusSsMrab;smÖas/begátI eKalbMNgsmÖas/nigerobcMsMnYrsMrab;smÖas/ehIynig erobcMeBlevlasMrab;CYbCuMKña. enAeBleFVkI arsmÖas/eyIgKYrEtcab;epþImENnaMBIxnøÜ eyIgpÞal;/BiBNna BIKMerag/nigBnül;BIeKalbMNgénkarsmÖas.

4>6>kt;RtaÉksareBlsmÖas (Document The Interview) :

eTaHbICay:agNak¾edaykarkt;RtaenAeBlsmÖasvamanTaMgKuNsm,tiþ nigKuNvibtþ/i kaBinitü emIlEdlTTYlyk)anKWCakarkt;RtamYyticbMput. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eyIgKYrEtsresrEtBIrbI PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

17

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

m:at;beu: NÑaH edIm,IrlM wkkarcgcaMrbs;eyIgbnÞab;BIsmÖasrYc/ eyIgKYrEteCosvagkarsresrRKb;m:at; TaMgGs;enaH. 4>7>vaytMélsmÖas (Evaluate the Interview):

b:Eu nßmelIkarkt;RtanUvtMrUvkarkarBitEdlTTYl)anBIkarsmÖasenH/cUrBüayamkMnt;PaBlMeGog EdlGacTTYlyk)anNamYy. ]TahrN_/ GñkEdleKsmÖasCaGñkEdlBüayam karBarmuxgarpÞal; xønÜ GaceGaycMelIymineBjelj rWlkçN³Tb;Tl;BIB½t’mansµRK½citþ.

4>8>krNImineCaKC½y Unsuccessful:

eTaHbICaeyIgerobcMkarsmÖas)anl¥k¾eday/kasmÖasxøHk¾BuMTTYl)aneCaKC½yEdr. ehtupl mYykñgú cMeNamehtuplsMxan;²TaMgGs;GacmkBIeyIgnigGñkEdlRtUvsmÖasmincuHsRmugnigKña/ sßan PaBEdlbNþalmkBIktþaCaeRcIndUcCa³ karyl;RclM/ rWCenøaHpÞal;xnøÜ GaceFVeI GaykarsmÖasGviC¢man/ b¤k¾GñkRtUvsmÖasP½yxøac RbB½n§ fIeµ FVeI Gay)at;bg; b¤paø s;brþÚ kargarrbs;eK. 5>bec©keTsEsVgrkkarBitepSgeTot (The Other Fact-Finding Techniques):

bénßmelIkasmÖas/ GñkviPaKRbB½n§enAmanbec©keTsEsVgrkkarBit/ rYmman³

5>1>RtYtBinitüÉksar (Document Review)

karBinitüemIlÉksarGacCYyeGayeyIgyl;BIrebobEdlRbB½n§cas;eFVIkar. cUrcaMfakareFVI ÉksarRbB½n§CYnkalvahYssm½y. eyIgKYrEtmanÉksarcMlgEbbbTCak;Esþgnana/ nigÉksarRbti btiþkarEdlkMBugeRbI. eyIgk¾KYrEtBinitüeLIgvijBI ÉksaEbbbTcMlgEdlTeTr/RBmTaMgKMrUnanarbs; EbbbTEdl)anbMeBjehIy. 5>2>esuIbGegáttamdan Observation

karesubI GegáttamdaneKalkarRbtibtiþkMBugdMeNIrkar KWCabec©keTsEsVgrkkarBitmYyepSg eTot. cUreFVKI MeragkaresuIbGegáttamdanedayeRbobeFobtaragRtYtBinitükargarlMGitEdl eyIgcg; tamdan nig sMnYrEdleyIgcg;srY . cUrBicarNaBI bBaðaenAeBleyIgerobcMtarag³ 1. sYrsMnYreGay)anRtwmRtUvRKb;RKan;EdlGacFanafaeyIgyl;BIdMeNIrRbtibtiþ RbB½n§cas;TaMg Rsug.eKalbMNgsMxan;KWkMnt;viFIsaRsþéndMeNaHRsaysßanPaBnanaEdleKalkarN_Rbtibtiþ sþg;damin)anRKbdNþb; .

2. tamdanRKb;CMhanTaMgGs;enAkñúgRbtibtiþkarnig kt;RtaÉksar/ Tinñn½ycUl/ Tinñn½yecj/ nig PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

18

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b 3.

4.

5.

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

dMeNIrTinñn½ynana.

BinitüemIl/ kMnt;BIeKalbMNgbMerIesvaB½t’manrbs;vanimYy².

BicarNaelIGñkeRbIR)as;EdleFVkI arCamYyRbB½n§nig GnuvtþsnM YrdUcxageRkam³ -etIB½t’manGVEI dl mnusSmñak;TTYl)anBImnusSmñak;eTot? -etIB½t’manGIEV dlmnusSmñak;enHbegàtI ?

-etIB½t’manmanTMnak;TMngdUcemþc?

-etIkarrMxanekIteLIgjwkjab;b:uNaÑ ?

-etIkarxUcekIteLIgeRcInbu:NÑa?

-etIGñkeRbIR)as;RtUvkarCMnYyeRcInbuN : aÑ ehIynrNapþl;eGayeK? BiPakSaCamYyGñkEdlTTYlr)aykarN_kMBugeRbI edIm,IemIlfaetIr)aykarN_ nanaeBjelj/ Tan;eBl/ RtwmRtUv/ nigmanTMrg;manRbeyaCn_. sYrfaetIeKGacbBa©b;B½t’man ehIyb¤enAnig faetIGñkNacg;)anB½t’manbEnßm.

5>3>taragsMNYrnigkaresuIbGegát

Questionnaires and Surveys

enAkñgú KMeragbegáItRbB½n§EdlKMeragTamTareGaymankarbBa©ÚlTinñn½y BImnusScMnYneRcIn/ taragsMnYrGacCa]bkrN_mYyd¾mantMél. taragsMnYrFmµtacab;epþImedayman Heading EdlrYmman cMNgeCIg/ segçbeKalbMNg/ eQµaHnigelxTUrs½BÞrbs; GñkEdlRtUvTak;Tg/ éf¶ExputkMnt;/ rebobnig kEnøgEdlRtUvRbKl;EbbbTCUnvij.  cUrbegáIttaragsMnYreGaymanlkçN³segçb nigKYreGayeBjcitþ manesckþIENnaMeGay)anc,as;  cUrerobcMsn M YreTAtamlMdab;RtwmRtUv/ BIRbFanbTgayeTAlM)aksµKú sµaj  XøasMnYrnimYy²RtUveCosvagkaryl;RclM/ cUreRbIBakü nig Bakübec©eTsKMrU  BüayamminnaMeGaykareqøy I tbb¤ke¾ RbIsMnYrEdlCaKnøHw cMeBaHcMelIyrbs;eyIg.  mineRbIsMnYrcMhrEdlBi)akKUrtarag/kMnt;sMnYrEdleFVeI Gay)armÖsuvtiP ß aBkargar/lT§plGviC¢man  bEnßmEpñkcugeRkayéntaragsMnYenH nUvmUlvicarN_CaTUeTAmYy.  cUrsakl,gtaragsMnYrenAeBlsmRsbCamYyRkumtUc²muneFVIvaeGaynigkarEckeGayeTARkumFM. 6>karbegáItÉksarEfrTaM (Documentation) enAeBlEdleyIgRbmUlBt’man/ sar³sMxan;rbs;BakümYyGacRtUveKBinitü emIlb¤karlMGit RbB½n§skµú sµajGacRtUv)aneKbMePøcecal/c,ab;RKwHKWedImI, {sesrcuH} . eyIgKYrEtsresÉksarkargar rbs;eyIgGaRs½yeTAtameKalkarN_nana³kt;RtaB½t’maneGay)anelOnbnÞab;B)I anTTYlva/ eRbInUvviFI saRsþkt;RtaEdlgayRsYlbMputtamEdlGac/kt;RtakarsVHEsVgrbs;eyIg dUcCameFüa)ayEdlGac eGayeKyl;)an/ nig erobcMkareFVIÉksarrbs;eyIgCamYy]bkrN_Bak;B½n§EdlmanTIkEnøggay².

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

19

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

7>düaRkamlMhUrTinñn½y (Data Flow Diagram): düaRkamlMhUrTinñn½y (DFD) KWCadüaRkamKMrUmYyEdlbgðajBIrebobTinñn½yhUrBIkEnøgmYyeTAmYykñgú RbB½n§B½t’manEtminbgðajBIkmµviFI (Program Logic) rWdMNak;kalGnuvtþ (Processing Steps) enaHeT. düa RkamlMhUrTinñn½y bgðajBIKMrUkargarmYyEdlRbB½n§eFVIEtmin bgðajBIrebobEdlRbB½n§eFVkI arenaHeT .

7>1>nimitþsBaØarbs;düaRkamlMhUrTinñn½y Symbol Name

DFD Symbols

Gane and Sarson

Yourdon

1

Process

1 APPLY PAYMENT

APPLY PAYMENT

Data Flow

BANK DEPOSIT

BANK DEPOSIT

D1 STUDENTS

Data Store

External Entity

STUDENTS

CUSTOMER

CUSTOMER

mannaTITTYlTinñn½ycUl nig begátI Tinnµñ ½yecj .

Dataflow :KWCapøÚvsMrab;eGayTinñn½yhUrBIEpñkmYyeTAEpñkmYyeTotkñúgRbB½n§.

Data Store: KWCakEnøgrkSaTuknUvsßanPaB/ pÞúkTinñn½y/ nigTinñn½yEdleKcg;pk Þú .

External Entity: KWCamnusS/ naykdæan/ GgÁPaBxageRkA b¤RbB½n§B½t’manepSg. Process

:

7>2>düaRkambribTlMhUrTinñn½y CONTEXT DIAGRAM Picking List

Order CUSTOMER

WAREHOUSE

Order Reject Notice Invoice Payment

Completed Order

0 ORDER SYSTEM

Commission

SALES REPRESENTATIVE

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

Cash Receipts Entry

Bank Deposit

ACCOUNTING

BANK

20

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b 7>3>karsnµt;begáItdüaRkamlMhUrTinñn½y 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

düaRkambribTnimYy²RtUvtMrUvEtmYyTMBr½ Etbu:eNÑaH eQµaHrbs; Process enAkñúgdüaRkamKWRtUvEtCaeQµaHenAkñgú RbB½n§B½t’man cUreRbIeQµaHEtmYyKt;enAelInimitþsBaØanimYy² cUrkuKM UrbnÞat; Data flow ExVgKñaeGayesaH cUreRbIelxenAelIsBaØa Process EtmYybu:eNÑaH.

7>4>düaRkamlMhUrTinñn½ykMrit 0 énRbB½n§bBa¢arTij Diagram 0 DFD for the order system 1

Order

Picking List

FILL ORDER

Order Reject

CUSTOMER

WAREHOUSE

2 Invoice

Completed Order

CREATE INVOICE

ACCOUNTS

D1 RECEIVABLE

Payment Detail

3

Invoice Detail Payment

APPLY PAYMENT

Commission

Cash Receipts Entry

Bank Deposit SALES DEPARTMENT

BANK

ACCOUNTING

7>4>düaRkamlMhUrTinñn½ykMrit 1 énRbB½n§bBa¢arTij Diagram 1 DFD, detail of FILL ORDER Order CUSTOMER D1

Order Reject Notice

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

1.1 Credit Status Product Detail

VERIFY ORDER

1.2 Rejected Order

PREPARE REJECT NOTICE

Accepted Order Picking Detail D1

PRODUCT

1.3 Picking List ASSEMBLE ORDER

WAREHOUSE

Inventory Change PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

21

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b 7>5>düaRkamlMhUrTinñn½ykMrit 3 énRbB½n§bBa¢arTij

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

Diagram 3 DFD, detail of APPLY PAYMENT CUSTOMER

Invoice Detail

Payment

ACCOUNTS

D1 RECEIVABLE

3.1 Payment Detail

POST PAYMET

Customer Payment Daily Payment

Commission Earned

DAILY PAYMENTS

D1

Accounting Payment 3.2

3.3

3.4

DEPOSIT PAYMENT

PREPARE ACCOUNTING ENTRY

PAY COMMISSION

Cash Receipts Entry

Bank Deposit BANK

ACCOUNTING

Commission SALES REP

8>vcnanuRkmTinñny ½ (Data Dictionary): vcnanuRkmTinñn½yKWCakEnøgpÞúkB½t’mankNþalmYyGMBITinñn½yrbs;RbB½n§. GñkviPaKeRbIvcnanuRkm Tinñn½yenH edIm,IRbmUlTinñn½y/ eFVIÉksar nig eFVkI arerobcMFatupSMnanaenAkñgú RbB½n§. k>karbegáItÉksarEfrTaMFatuRKwHTinñn½y

Documenting the Data Elements DATA DICTIONARY DATA ELEMENT DESCRIPTION PAYROLL SYSTEM : ____________________________

SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER SSN NAME _________________________________ LABEL ____________________ None ALTERNATE NAMES _________________________________________________ 9N NNN-NN-NNNN TYPE AND LENGTH _____________ OUTPUT FORMAT _____________________ None Any positive Number DEFAULT VALUE _______________ ACCEPTABLE VALUES _________________ Soc. Sec. Number PROMPT/COLUMN HEADER ___________________________________________ Employee Application Form SOURCE __________________________________________________________ Payroll department (update) SECURITY _________________________________________________________ Payroll department RESPONSIBLE USER _________________________________________________ None DERIVATION FORMULA ______________________________________________

DESCRIPTION AND COMMENTS: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

22

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b x>karbegáItÉksarEfrTaMlhM UrTinnñ y½

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

Documenting the Data Flows DATA DICTIONARY DATA FLOW DESCRIPTION

COMMISSION NAME : __________________ SALES COMMISSION ALIAS ____________________

Commission earned by a given Sales Rep on a given order that has been DESCRIPTION ______________________________________________________ paid by the customer _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ SALES REP external entry PAY COMMISSION process DESTINATION _________________________ ORIGIN ______________________ SALES COMMISSION RECORD __________________________________________________________ Approximately 20 per day VOLUME AND FREQUENCY ____________________________________________ Order status is indicated by a payment code in the ORDER data store COMMENTS ________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

K>karbegáItÉksarEfrTaMbnÞúkTinñny½ Documenting the Data Stores

DATA DICTIONARY DATA STORE DESCRIPTION

DATA STORE NAME : ________________________________________________ PRODUCTS None PTS ALTERNATE NAME ________________________ LABEL ___________________

Raw materials, subassemblies and finished goods.

DESCRIPTION ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ INVENTORY CHANGE INPUT DATA FLOW __________________________________________________ PRODUCT DETAIL, PICKING DETAIL OUTPUT DATA FLOW ________________________________________________ PRODUCTS RECORD __________________________________________________________ 4500 to 5000 total product records VOLUME AND FREQUENCY ____________________________________________ 4500 to 5000 total product records, 2 to 20 additions and changes per month.

COMMENTS ________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

9>]bkrN_BiBN’naRbtibtiþ 9>1>rcnaCaduM²

(Process description tools):

Modular Design

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

23

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man k>CalMdab; Sequence: CMhaneBjeljrbs; Process KWCalMdab;bnþrbnÞab;/ Process mYy

enAeRkaymYyeTot. VERIFY PRODUCT CODE

VERIFY PRICE

VERIFY STOCK LEVEL

CMhaneBjeljrbs; Process KWBImYyCMhaneTAmYy CMhanRtUvEp¥k elIlT§plénkaretsþ rWlkç½NÐ . x>CaCMerIs

Selection.

HOURS >40?

YES CALCULATE OVERTIME PAY

NO

K>CargVilCuM

Iteration.

CMhaneBjeljrbs;

Process

KWRtUveFVdI Edl²rhUtdl;lkç½NÐenaH

eTIbpøas;bþÚr.

END OF FILE?

NO P

CALCULATE OVERTIME PAY

YES

9>2>rcnasm<½n§PasarGg;eKøs LABEL:

Structured English

VERIFY ORDER

kMnt;faetIGtifiCnbBa¢arTijeKGacÉkPaBeTedayBwgeTAelI Customer’s Credit Standing nig cMnYn Product.

DESCRIPTION:

PROCESS DESCRIPTION: Input data flows Output data flows

: ORDER, CREDIT STATUS, PRODUCT DETAIL : REJECTED ORDER, ACCEPTED ORDER

For each ORDER If CREATE STATUS = OK and if PRODUCT DETAIL = instock Output ACCEPTED ORDER Else Output REJECTED ORDER PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

24

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

For each COMMISSION EARNED If EXTRA BONUS equals Y If PAYMENT TOTAL is greater than $50,000 Add 2% to COMMISSION PERCENT Output SPECIAL LETTER Output AWARD LIST Else Add 1% to COMMISSION PERCENT Output AWARD LIST Else If PAYMENT TOTAL is greater than $50,000 Add 1% to COMMISSION PERCENT Output SPECIAL LETTER Calculate COMMISSION = COMMISSION PERCENT times PAYMENT TOTAL

k> Conditional Statement BEGIN IF IF Quantity_in_stock is less than Minimum_order_quantity THEN GENERATE new Order ELSE Do nothing END IF

x> Case Statement READ Quantity_in_stock SELECT CASE CASE 1 (QIS is greater than MOQ) Do nothing CASE 2 (QIS is equals to MOQ) Do nothing CASE 3 (QIS is less than MOQ) GENERATE new order CASE 4 (Stock out) INITIATE emergency reorder routine END CASE

K> Repetition Statement a. Do-until Loop DO READ Inventory Records BEGIN IF IF QIS is less than MOQ THEN GENERATE new Order ELSE Do nothing END IF UNTIL End-Of-File b. Do-While Loop READ Inventory Records WHILE NOT EOF DO BEGIN IF PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

25

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

IF QIS is less than MOQ THEN GENERATE new Order ELSE Do nothing END IF END DO

9>3>taragsMerccitþ

Decision Tables

bgðajBIrcnasm<n½tká/ edaymanpSMnUvlkçN ½ Ð nigskmµPaBEdlCalT§pl nana. CaerOy²GñkviPaKeRbItaragsMerccitþ/ rcnasm<n½ §PasarGg;eKøs/ edIm,IBiBNnadMeNIkartká nig Fanafavamin)aneGayeKemIlrMlgBIlT§PaB tkáNamYyeLIy. Decision Tables

VERIFY ORDER Process Based on Credit status is OK Product is in stock Accept order Reject order

1 Y Y X

2 Y N

3 N Y

4 N N

X

X

X

VERIFY ORDER Process with Credit Waiver (Initial version) 1 2 3 4 Based on Y Y Y Y Credit status is OK Y Y N N Product is in stock Y N Y N Waiver from credit manager X X Accept order X X Reject order PAY COMMISSION Based on EXTRA BONUS PAYMENT TOTAL > $50,000 Add 2% for COMMISSION PERCER Add 2% for COMMISSION PERCER Output SPECIAL LETTER Output AWARD LIST

Conditions Conditions/Course of Actions Stubs

1 Y Y X X X

Employee Type Hours Worked

1 S <40

Pay base salary

x

Calculate hourly wage

2 H <40

x

Produce Absence Report

6 N Y N

7 N N Y

8 N N N

X

X

X

2 Y N

3 N Y

X

X X

X

Rules 3 4 S H 40 40 x

Calculate Overtime

9>4>EmgFagsMerccitþ

5 N Y Y X

5 S >40

6 H >40

x x

x x

x

Decision Trees

KWCaKMrRU kaPicmYyrbs; lkçN ½ Ð/ skmµPaB/ c,ab;nanaEdlmanenAkñgú Decision Table. Decision PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

26

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4 N N

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

bgðajBIrcnasm<n½ §tkákñúglkçNHepþkEdlman b¤senAxageqVg nig EmkFag eTAxagsþa.M dUc Flowcharts, Decision Trees KWCameFüa)ay EdlmanRbsiT§PaB kñg ú karbgðajBIRbB½n§kúñgkarRKb;RKg. Trees

EXTRA BONUS

NO EXTRA BONUS

PAYMENT TOTAL More Than $50,000

Add 2% to COMMISSION PERCENT Output SPECIAL LETTER Output AWARD LIST

PAYMENT TOTAL Not More Than $50,000

Add 1% to COMMISSION PERCENT Output AWARD LIST

PAYMENT TOTAL More Than $50,000

Add 1% to COMMISSION PERCENT Output SPECIAL LETTER

PAYMENT TOTAL Not More Than $50,000

No Action

Sleep two more hours

Sunday



Legend:

• •

The Sun up?

What day is it?

Yes



Time to get up

Weekday Saturday

Sleep one more hour.

No Go back to sleep.



Legend:

• • •

Salaried?

Hour works < 40?

Hour works = 40?

Yes

No



Pay base salary Yes

No

Pay hourly wage, Absent Yes

 No

10>karbegáItKMrUvtßú OBJECT MODELING 10>1>Bakübec©keTsrbs;vtßúCMnaj STUDENT Object

Pay hourly wage

Pay hourly wage, Pay overtime wage

(Object-Oriented Terms and Concepts):

STUDENT Attributes Student number Name Address Telephone Fitness record Status

INSTRUCTOR Object INSTRUCTOR Attributes Instructor number Name Telephone Fitness-classes taught Availability Private lesson fee

FITNESS-CLASS Object FITNESS CLASS Attributes Fitness-class number Date Time Type Location Instructor number

REGISTRATION Object REGISTRATION REC Attributes Student number Fitness-class Registration date Fee Status

Methods Add fitness-class Drop fitness-class Change address Change telephone Change status

Methods Teach fitness-class Change availability Change telephone Change lesson fee Change status

Methods Add fitness-class Delete fitness-class Change date Change time Change instructor

Methods Add student Drop student Notify instr. add Notify instr. drop Notify f-class cancel

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

27

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

karviPaKvtßúCMnaj (Object-Oriented Analysis) KWCakarBiBN’naBIRbB½n§B½t’manEdleFVkI arkMnt;eTA elIvtßmú YycMnYnEdleKehAfa vtßú (Object). vtßútMNageGaymnusS/ TIkEnøg/ RBwtkiþ arN_/nig Rbtibtikþ arBit².

10>1>lkçNHsm,tiþ

Attributes

ebIvtßmú anlkçNHdUcnam/ lkçNHsm,tiþkd¾ UcnigKuNnamdUecñHEdr/ vabgðajBIlkçN³rbs;vtúß. Gac manlkçNHCak;lak;mYyEdleKehAfa sPaB “State”. sPaB KWCaKuNnam EdlBiBN’naBIsPaBbc©úb,nñ rbs;vtßú.

STUDENT Object Status

Status

Future Registered, but has not started to attend Current Registered, attending one or more fitness-classes Past Attend one or more fitness-classes in the past

10>2>viFIsaRsþ b¤skmµPaB

Method:

skmµPaBkMnt;nUvParkic©b¤kic©karepSg² Cak;lak;Edl

vtßúGaceFV)I an.

Method: ADD STUDENT

Method: 1. Add a new student instance 2. Record STUDENT number 3. Record student name 4. Record student address 5. Record student telephone number 6. Record student date of birth 7. Record sex of student 8. Record state of student 9. Save new student data

.

10>3>b½NÑsar

Messages :

bN½sÑ arKWCabBa¢arEdlR)ab;eGayvtßbú MeBjkargartam skmµPaBEdl

xønÜ man.

STUDENT

Message ADD Tells the STUDENT class to perform all the steps needed to add a STUDENT instance.

Message DELETE Tells the STUDENT class to perform all the steps needed to delete a STUDENT instance.

Attributes Student number Name Address Telephone Date of birth Fitness record Methods Add student Delete student Add fitness-class Drop fitness-class Change address Change telephone Update fitness record

bN½sÑ armYyeRbIcMeBaHvtßúBIrdUcKña vaGacbegátI lT§plepSgKña. BaküfabN½Ñsarpþl; nUvGtßn½yepSg² BIKña cMeBaHvtßeú pSgKñaEdleKehAfa BhusNæan Polymorphism.

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

28

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man Message: GOOD NIGHT PARENT

DOG

CHILD

BaküenAkñgú RbGb;exµAxageRkamenHKWCa]TahrN_rbs; karBarskmµPaBeRkA faTinñn½yTaMgGs;RtUvkar)ankarBarBIskmµPaBEdlmanmkelIva. 10>4>cMNat;fñak;b¤Rkum

Encapsulation,

mann½y

Classes

vtßúEdlCakmµsTi §rbs;RkummYy rWRbePTmYyeKehA cMNat;fñak; Class. RKb;vtßTú aMgGs;EdlmanenA kñúgcMNat;fñak;EckrMElknUvlkçN³sm,tiþ nigskmµPaBsamBaزCamYyKña. enAkñgú RtUv)aneKEckeTACaRkum Subclass GnucMNat;fñak;/ EdlCavtßm ú YymanlkçN³sm,tilþ MGitCag Class cMNat;fñak;.

Class VEHICLE

Common attributes

Common Methods

Attributes Make Model Year Weight Color Methods Start Stop Park

Subclass CAR

TRUCK Attributes Load limit

Attributes

MINIVAN

Uncommon Attributes

SCHOOL BUS Attributes Emergency exit location

Attributes

Uncommon Attributes

11>TMnak;TMngrvagvtßúnigRkum (Relationships among Objects and Classes):

TMnak;TMngR)ab;GMBIGVEI dlvtßúRtUvkardwgBIKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ nig rebobvtßúeqøIytbedIm,Ipøas;bþÚrenAkñgú vtßúmYy eTot/ nigplb:HBal;rbs;smaCikenAkñgú Rkum Classes, mhaRkum Superclasses, GnuRkum Subclasses.

Superclass PERSON Common attributes

Attributes Name Date of birth

Class EMPLOYEE

Uncommon Methods

Attributes Social Security num Telephone Hire date Title Pay rate Methods Get hired Terminate Change telephone

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

29

Common Methods

Methods Breathe Eat Sleep

Subclass Uncommon Attributes Uncommon Attributes Uncommon Methods

INSTRUCTOR Attributes Instructor type Availability Methods Teach fitness-class

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b 11>1>TMnak;TMngGaRs½yKña

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man Dependency

TMnak;TMngGaRs½yKña ekIteLIgenAeBlEdlvtßúmYyRtUv)aneKpþl;B½t’manGMBIvtßúmYyeTot. SCHOOL BUS Attributes Bus number Route number Start time Finish time Driver Methods Pick up Drop off

11>2>TMnak;TMngBak;B½n§Kña

BUS ROUTE Attributes Rout number Stop number Stop location Stop time Passengers Methods Add stop Delete stop Change time

Follows

Association

TMnak;TgBak;B½n§KñaxøaCM agTMnak;TgGaRs½yKña ehIyvaekIteLIgenAeBlEdllkçNHsm,tirþ bs;vtßmú Yy RtUvmanTMnak;TMngCamYylkçNHsm,tirþ bs;vtßúmYyeTot. STUDENT

Adds/drops fitness-class

Attributes Student number Name Address Telephone Fitness record Methods Add student Delete student Add fitness-class Drop fitness-class Change address Change telephone Update fitness record

The status or state of the student change when he or she adds or drops a fitness-class

11>3>TMnak;TMngpÁúMbBa©ÚlKña

REGISTRATION Attributes Student number Fitness-class number Registration date Fee Status Methods Add a student Drop a student Notify instructor of student add Notify instructor of student drop

Aggregation

TMnak;TMngpÁMbú Ba©ÚlKñaekItmaneLIgenAeBlEdlvtßmú YyKWCaEpñkmYyb¤CakmµsTi §rbs;vtßmú YyeTot. EMPLOYEE Attributes Name Date of birth Social Security Num Telephone number Hire date Title Pay rate Department Methods Get hired Terminate Change department

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

Belongs to

DEPARTMENT Attributes Department number Department name Budget code Department head Employee

Methods Prepare budget Hire employee Develop plans

30

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b 11>4>TMnak;TMngTTYlmrtk

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man Inheritance

TMnak;TMngTTYlmrtk ekIteLIgenAeBlEdlvtßmú YyTTYlb¤TajyklkçNHsm,tiþmYyb¤ eRcIn BIvtßúmYyeTot. Parent

Child Inherits

EMPLOYEE Attributes Social Security Num Telephone number Hire date Title Pay rate

INSTRUCTOR Attributes Type of instructor Social Security Num Telephone number Hire date Title Pay rate

Methods Get hired Get fired Change telephone

Methods Get hired Get fired Change telephone

11>4>sMNg;düaRkamcMNat;fñak; Class Diagram UML Notation 0..*

Nature of the Relationship Zero or many

Example

Employee 1

0..1

Zero or one

One and only one

Spouse

Sales Office

Order

One or many

1

1 Item Ordered

1 Sales Manger Attributes Methods 1 Manages 1 Sales Office Attributes Methods

0..1

Office Manger 1

1..*

Payroll Deduction 0..*

Employee 1

1

Description

Manages

1..* 0..*

neyaCikmñak;mni man b¤ man kardkR)ak;eborvtS_eRcIn. neyaCikmñak;mni manb¤manbþI b¤RbBn§mañ k;.

RbFankariyal½ymñak;RKb; RKgkariyal½ymYyb¤EtmYy bBa¢arTijmYymaneTAeday TMnijmYymuxb¤eRcInmux.

Sales Rep Attributes Methods

Assigned to

1 Assigned

1

0..* Customer Attributes Methods

1 Places

0..* Order Attributes Methods

Includes 0..*

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

1..*

31

Items Ordered Attributes Methods

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

Web Support Staff

Assists 0..*

0..*

Name Social Security number Shift assignment Hire date Date of birth

1

Assist passengers Reply to passenger inquires Monitor site traffic Prepare reports

Passenger Name Address Telephone E-mail address Payment method Request assistance Request reservation Cancel reservation Confirm reservation Pay for tickets

Makes 1..*

Web Support Staff

Flights

Includes

Name Social Security number 1 Shift assignment Hire date Date of birth

1..*

Assist passengers Reply to passenger inquires Monitor site traffic Prepare reports

Name Address Telephone E-mail address Payment method Request assistance Request reservation Cancel reservation Confirm reservation Pay for tickets

11>5>düaRkamsPaBRBwtiþbtiþkar State Transaction Diagrams

düaRkamsPaBRbtibtikþ arbgðajBIrebobEdlvtßpú øas;bþÚr BIsPaBmYyeTAsPaBmYyeTotedayGaRs½y eTAtamRBwtkiþ arN_nanaEdlb:HBal;nigvtßú .

Bank closes account Opens account New

Makes first deposit

Active Existing

Customer closes account

New

Assets related

Assets attached

Frozen Drops fitness-class

Enrolls

Future

Attends fitness-class

Current

Completes fitness-class

Past

Inactivity for 12 months

Fitness-class is cancelled

11>6>düaRkamskmµPaB Activity Diagrams

düaRkamskmµPaBCaBI taraglMhUrepþkEdlbgðajBIskmµPaB nigRBwtkþi arN_nana dUcEdleK)anbegáIt eLIg. düaRkamskmµPaBbgðajBIlMdab;EdlskmµPaBnanaekIteLIg nig kMnt;BIlT§plnana. rUbPaBbgðaj fadüaRkamskmµPaBcMeBaHkardkR)ak; enAtamma:sInu dk R)ak;s½yV Rbvtiþ ATM machine.

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

32

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b Start

Customer Needs Cash

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man Card Is Accepted

Customer Inserts ATM card

Customer Enters PIN

PIN Is Accepted

Sufficient Funds Available ATM Adjusts Balance

Customer Requests Cash

ATM Provides Cash Sufficient Funds Not Available

ATM Notifies Customer

12>begáItsMNg;kmµviFIKMrU

Prototyping:

12>1>dMeNaHRsaykñúgkarbegáItkmµviFIKMrU

Approaches to Prototyping

kareFVIKMreU dImTak;Tg nig dMNak;kaltKñaCalMdab;mþgehIymþgeTotén Analysis, Design, Modeling, nig Testing. lT§plcugeRkayrbs;kareFVK I MrUedIm RbB½n§KWmanRTg;RTayeBjelj/ eFVKI MrU kargarénRbB½n§B½t’man/ eRtomsMrab;karGnuvtþ .

Planning

Analysis

System Prototype

Design

Implementation

12>2>]bkrN_begáItsMNg;kmµviFIKMrU Prototyping Tools

GñkviPaKRbB½n§nanaGaceRbI]bkrN_d¾manRbsiT§PaB edIm,IbegátI kmµviFIKMr.U kmµviFKI MrUPaKeRcIn RtUv)aneKbegátI eLIgedayeRbI CASE Tools, Application Generators, Report Generators, Screen Generators, nig Fourth-Generation Languages (4GLs) .

CASE Tools Reports generators

4GL PROTOTYPE

Screen generators

k>kmµviFIsresrkUd

Applications generators

Application Generations

kmµviFRW tUveRbI Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual C++, rW Visual J++,EdlCa Windows-based tools d¾l,I EdleRbI Menu-Driven Environment kñúgkarbegátI kUdkmµviFI. x>kmµviFIbegáItr)aykarN_ Report Generators

kmµviFIbegátI r)aykarN_ rWk¾ehAfa Report Writer/ KWCa]bkrN_sMrab;begáItr)aykarN_EdleKerobcM PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

33

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

)anPøam nigmandUcCa Spectrum Writer , R&R report writer, Seagate Crystal Report.

K>kmµviFIbegáIteGRkg;

Screen Generators

kmµviFIbegátI Screen rWbegátI Form/ KWCa]bkrN_kmµviFImYyEdlman TMnak;TMng GacCYyeyIgkñgú kar ksag Custom Interface rWbegátI Screen Forms nigGacedaHRsaynUv eKalkarN_n_ igKMrUsMrab;bBa¢ÚlTinñn½y nana. Screen Generator GaceGayeyIgRtYtBinitüBI rebob Screen bgðajBI Captions, Data Fields, Data, nig Visual Attributes epSg²eTot. 13>3>EdnkMnt;énsMNg;KMrU

Limitations of Prototypes

TsSn³cugeRkayénRbB½n§TamTar eGaymankarbMeBjkargarkMritx<s;CagKMrUedImEdleKpþl; eGay. kmµviFKI MrUmanRbB½n§muxgar/ buE: nþvamanRbsiTi§PaBticCagRbB½n§ EdleKbegátI edayeBjelj.

BIeRBaHfavaKWCakmµviFImYyminEmnCaRbB½n§mYyeBjelj/nigmanel,ÓndMeNIrkareqøIytbyWtCag. 14>RbePTrbs;kdU Types of Coding k>kUdtMNrlMdab; Sequence codes

KWCaelxrWGkSrEdlRtUv)aneKkMnt;enAkñúglMdab;Cak;lak;. kUdlMdab;minpÞúknUv B½t’manbEnßmCa Cagkarcg¥lú bgðajBIlMdab;énkarbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRbB½n§. x>elxkUdlMdab;bøúk

Block sequence codes

eRbIelxkUdbøúkedIm,IEckRkumfñak;eGayenAepSg²BIKña.tamFmµtamuxviC¢amhaviTüal½yRtUv)an eKkMnt;edayeRbICaelxbøkú . muxviC¢akMrti 100/ dUcCa KImI110/ nig KNit 125/ KWCamuxviC¢a sMrab;nisiStqñaTM ImYy. dUcCamuxviC¢krM ti 200 bgðajBImuxviC¢asMrab;nisiStqñaMT2I .

K>elxkUdGkSr

Alphabetic codes

eRbIGkSrGkçrRkmeRbIedIm,Ibgðaj BIPaBxusEbøkKñaBIvtßúmYyeTAmYyedayEp¥k elI Category, Abbreviation, rWkt ¾ MélelxEdlgayRsYlcaM/ EdleKehAfa Mnemonic Code: a.elxkUdRkum Category code kMnt;RkuménGkSrEdlmanTMnak;TMngKña. ]TahrN_/ XøaMgpÞúkTMnijkñgú tMbn;eRbIkUdRbePT BIGkSr (Two-Character Category Code) edIm,IknM t; XøaMgEdlpÞkú plitplRtUvlk;: GN for Gardening Supplies, HW for Hardware, nig EL for Electronic. elxkUdGkSrkat; Abbreviation codes

b.

PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

34

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

KWGkSrkat;énGkçrRkm. ]TahrN_/ kUdsþg;darénrdærbs;shrdæ rYmman NY for New York, ME for Maine, nig MN for Minnesota. kUdGkSrkat;xøHRtUv)aneKehAfa Mnemonic Codes BIeRBaHvaeRbIkarpSMbBa©ÚlKñaénGkSrEdlgayRsÜlcgcaM. X>kUd)anmkBItYrelx

Significant digit codes

eFVeI Gayvtßmú Yyxus²Kña edayeRbIlMdab;énRkumtUc²rbs;tYrelx. ]TahrN_/ ZIP codes, KWCa Significant Digit Codes. vtßeú pSgeTotdUcCa kUd EdlrYmTaMgelxkUdrbs;TItaMgsþkú /elx pøvÚ 2elx/ elxkUdFug2elx.

Section Code Warehouse location code

Bin number

11

3

05

8

Floor number

27 Aisle number

g>elxkUdpSMlkçN³Tinñny½

Derivation codes

karpSMTinñn½yBIlkçN³rbs;vtßúedIm,IbegátI kUd. kUdGñkCavTsSnavdþdI ¾l,ImYyman ZIP code R)aMelxrbs;GñkCav/ manGkSrTImYy/ TIbInig TIbYnrbs;eQµaHRtkUlrbs;GñkCav/ elx2xÞg; cugeRkay énelxpÞHrbs;GñkCav/ GkSrTImYy/ TIb/I TIbYnéneQµaHpøÚvrbs;GñkCav/ CakUdGñkCavrbs;TsSnavdþ.I John R. Anderson, 1834 Emberly Drive, Enigma, Georgia 31749

31749 ADE34

EBE

c>elxkUdGkSrsm¶at; Cipher codes

eRbIBaküsm¶at; Keyword edIm,IbEM lgelx. ]TahrN_/ haglk;ray eRbI GkSrmYyBakü 10tYrdUcCa/ CAMPGROUND edIm,IbEM lgkUdéntMéllk;duM EdlGkSr C tMNageGayelx1, A tMNageGayelx2.l. dUecñHkUd GRAND bgðajfaeKRtUvbg;luyeGayhag $562.90 sMrab;TnM ijmYymux. q>elxkUdskmµPaB

Action codes

bgðajBIskmµPaBGVEI dlRtUvekIteLIgedaymanGkSrTMnak;TnM g. ]³ kmµviFI TamTareGay eyIgbBa©ÚlnisSit nig kUdskmµPaB edImI,eFVIskmµPaBelI Record kñúglkçN³BitR)akdmYy; kUd skmµPaB D bBa¢ak;faeyIgcg;bgðaj bBa©aMg Display Record nisSit/ A bBa¢ak; faeyIgcg;bEnßm Add Record sMrab;elxnisSitmñak; nig/ X bBa¢ak;faeyIgcg; cakecjBIkmµviFI. PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

35

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b C>elxkUdGacBinti üxøÜnÉg

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man Self-checking codes

kareRbI Check Digit edIm,IepÞógpÞat;BIsBulPaBénelxkUd. viFsI aRsþmYy EdleRbI SelfChecking Code bYnxÞg;edIm,IKNna Check Digit edayeFVIkarKuN tYTImYynig elx1/ tYTIBIr nigelx2.l. eRkaymkeKbUksrublT§plénplKuN enaH. Valid code 1302-6: 1 x1 ---1

3 x2 ---6

Invalid code 7198-3: 0 x3 ---0

7 x1 ---7

2 x4 ---8

1 x2 ---2

7 + 1 +

6 1

15>karbegáItkUd

+ +

0 5

+

8 = 15 =6

2 6 1

9 x3 ---27 + + +

27 + 8 4

8 x4 ---32 32 = 68 = 14 =5

Developing a Codes

karbegáItkUdEdlmanlkçNHeRcInRbePT naMeGayBi)akcgcaM/ Bi)akbkRsay/ nig Bi)akepÞógpÞat; . dUcenHcUrcaMnUvsBaØaNenAxageRkamenHkñgú citþenAeBlEdleyIg begátI kUd³ k>begáItkUdeGaysegçb Keep Code Concise

cUrbegáItkUdeGaymanlkçN³segçb. minRtUvbegátI kUdEdlEvgCagkarcaM)ac; enaHeT. ]TahrN_³ RbsinebIeyIgRtUvkarkUdedIm,IknM t;eGayGtifiCnmñak;²kñúg cMeNam250nak;/ eyIgnig mincaM)ac;eRbIelxkUddl;eTA6xÞg; (six-digit code) enaHeT. x>begáItkUdeGayGacBRgIk)an Allows for expansion

cUrbegáItkUdeGayGacBRgIkbEnßm)an/ TMrg;énkarbegáItkUdRtUveGayGacBRgIk)anedaysm ehtupléncMnYnrbs;kdU EdleKkMnt;. RbsinebIRkumh‘nu manXøagM sþkú TMnijR)aMbI/ eyIgminKYreRbI elx EtmYyxÞg;srM ab;Xaø MgnimYy².

K>rkSakUdeGayefr

Keep codes stable

kUdnanaEdlRtUvpøas;bÚþredaysarEtbBaðasMxan;²CaeRcInenAeBlEdleKGnuvtþnigCMnYselxkUd cas;². enAkñgú ry³eBlpøas;bÚþr/eyIgnigRtUvpøas;brþÚ nUvRBwtþikarN_EdlrkSarTaMgGs;rbs;kUdehIy nigÉksarTMagGs;EdlpÞkú elxkUdcas;/ enAeBlEdlGñkeRbIR)as;paø s;mkeRbIelxkUdfµ.I X>begáItkUdeGaymanEtmYyKt;

Make codes unique

begátI kUdeGaymanEtmYyKt; elxkUdTaMgLayRtUv)aneKeRbIkgñú eKalbMNg Biess²nana PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

saklviTüal½y GasuI-Garu:b

mhaviTüal½y bec©kviTüaB½t’man

RtUvEtmanGtßn½yEtmYy. Rbsin ebIelxkUd elxkUdenHminsUvmanRbeyaCn_eT. g>begáItelxkUdGactMeroblMdab;)an

HW

Gacbgðaj

Hardware

b¤

Housewares

Use sortable codes

begátI elxkUdeGayGactMeroblMdab;)an/ RbsinebIplitplnanamanelxkUd bIxÞg; BI 100 dl; 300 manmYyRbePT/ ehIyplitplxøHmanelxkUdxÞg; 200 CamYy RbePTepSgeTot/ kartMerobFmµtamYyminGacpþúMplitpl TaMgGs;eGay eTACamYyRbePT)aneT. c>begáItkUdeCosvagkarP½nþRclM

Avoid confusing codes

begátI kUdedayeCosvagmankarP½nþRclM minRtUvbegátI elxkUdmanGkSrBIrtY/ sBaØaeRt/ nig elxmYyxÞg; ehIynigelxkUdEdlman mYyGkSr/ sBaØaeRtmYy/ elxBIrxÞg;. cUreCosvageGay GkSrnigelxdak;enATItaMgdUcKña BIeRBaH GkSrxøHvagayRclM. vagayRclMelxsUnü (0) nigGkSr FM O GU b¤k¾elxmYy (1) nig GkSrtUc Gil (l) b¤GkSrFM Gay (I). q>b egáItelxkUdmanGtßn½y

Make codes meaningful

begátI elxkUdeGaymanGtßn½yeBjelj/elxkUdCaeRcIngayRsYlcMa/ manRbeyaCn_ dl;Gñk eRbIR)as;/ gayRsYleRbI niggayRsYlbMElgkUdb¤bkERbkUd. dUcCa SW sMrab; Software, ENG CaelxkUdrbs; English EdltageGaynaykdæanPasarGg;eKøsvagayRsYlbkERb niggay RsYlcaMCag XQA b¤ 123.

C>begáIelxkUdEdlbBa¢ak;bMNgEtmYy

Use a code for a single purpose

begáeI lxkUdsMrab;eKalbMNgEtmYy)anehIy/ minRtUveRbIelxkUdEtmYyedIm,I kMnt;eGayvtßú BIrb¤eRcIn. Q>begáItkUdeGaymanesßrPaB

Keep codes consistent :

begátI kUdeGaymanesßrPaBRbsinebIenAkñúgRbB½n§ebIkR)ak;ebovtSr_maneRbIelxkUdBIrxÞg;sMrab;nay kdæaneKehIy/ eyIgminRtUvbegáItelxkUdfµIeTot/ EdlmanTMrg;kdU epSgeToteGayeTARbB½n§buKÁlik enaHeT.

r/s PREPARED BY MORN PICHKHEMARA

37

SYSTEM ANALYSIS